नाल

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    <title>नाल</title>
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      <text bytes="890" sha1="lr4cwp9w7985cypqxhoz50igg4vehlr" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาฮินดี ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{hi-IPA}}

=== รากศัพท์ 1 ===
{{dercat|hi|ine-pro}}
{{inh+|hi|pra-sau|-}}, จาก{{inh|hi|sa|नाडी}}

==== คำนาม ====
{{hi-noun|f|ur=نال}}

# [[หลอด]], [[ท่อ]]
# [[ลำต้น]], [[ก้าน]]

===== การผันรูป =====
{{hi-ndecl|&lt;F&gt;}}

===== คำเกี่ยวข้อง =====
* {{l|hi|नाला}}, {{l|hi|नाली}}

===== คำสืบทอด =====
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|نال|tr=nâl}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
* {{R:MW|0530}}
* R. E. Asher, Vadasery Iyemperumal Subramoniam (1971): Proceedings, Volume 1

=== รากศัพท์ 2 ===
{{bor+|hi|ar|نَعْل}}

==== คำนาม ====
{{hi-noun|m|ur=نعل}}

# [[เกือกม้า]]

===== การผันรูป =====
{{hi-ndecl|&lt;M&gt;}}</text>
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      <text bytes="928" sha1="8ferth2w15ejrjcx0gkab2pyh0hn9wg" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาฮินดี ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{hi-IPA}}

=== รากศัพท์ 1 ===
{{dercat|hi|ine-pro}}
{{inh+|hi|pra-sau|-}}, จาก{{inh|hi|sa|नाडी}}

==== คำนาม ====
{{hi-noun|f|ur=نال}}

# [[หลอด]], [[ท่อ]]
# [[ลำต้น]], [[ก้าน]]

===== การผันรูป =====
{{hi-ndecl|&lt;F&gt;}}

===== คำเกี่ยวข้อง =====
* {{l|hi|नाला}}, {{l|hi|नाली}}

===== คำสืบทอด =====
* {{desc|bor=1|fa|نال|tr=nâl}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
* {{R:MW|0530}}
* R. E. Asher, Vadasery Iyemperumal Subramoniam (1971): Proceedings, Volume 1

=== รากศัพท์ 2 ===
{{bor+|hi|fa-cls|نَعْل}}

==== คำนาม ====
{{hi-noun|m|ur=نعل}}

# [[เกือกม้า]]

===== การผันรูป =====
{{hi-ndecl|&lt;M&gt;}}

{{attention|hi|multiple senses}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sri Lanka</title>
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      <text bytes="15478" sha1="ngewx8a62npmdrrdbn15e7sjsqjuf3e" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.|t=ศรีลังกาได้ขอให้องค์การทางทะเลระหว่างประเทศ (IMO) จัดประเภทเม็ดพลาสติกเป็นสารพิษ และวานูอาตูเรียกร้องให้มีการรายงานข้อมูลตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่สูญหายในทะเลให้ดีขึ้น}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” เป็นชื่อทางการตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1972 ก่อนหน้านั้นใช้ชื่อว่า [[Ceylon]] ([[ซีลอน]])

ชื่อต่าง ๆ ของสถานที่นี้เป็นประเด็นถกเถียงในทางการเมืองของศรีลังกา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วง{{w|สงครามกลางเมืองศรีลังกา}} และบางคนมองว่า &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; เป็นชื่อที่มาจากภาษาของชาวสิงหลมากเกินไป ส่วนชื่อภาษาทมิฬคือ {{w|Eelam}} (อีลัม) และพรรคการเมืองทมิฬบางพรรคยังคงใช้คำว่า &quot;Ceylon&quot; ในชื่อพรรค เช่น {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} และ {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:เกี่ยวกับศรีลังกา&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||ศักดิ์สิทธิ์}} และ {{m|sa|लंका||เกาะ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>ngewx8a62npmdrrdbn15e7sjsqjuf3e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715245</id>
      <parentid>5715244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:14:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา</comment>
      <origin>5715245</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15478" sha1="slrd64mhdhxvkij4byf2dugxil0277z" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:เกี่ยวกับศรีลังกา&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||ศักดิ์สิทธิ์}} และ {{m|sa|लंका||เกาะ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.|t=ศรีลังกาได้ขอให้องค์การทางทะเลระหว่างประเทศ (IMO) จัดประเภทเม็ดพลาสติกเป็นสารพิษ และวานูอาตูเรียกร้องให้มีการรายงานข้อมูลตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่สูญหายในทะเลให้ดีขึ้น}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” เป็นชื่อทางการตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1972 ก่อนหน้านั้นใช้ชื่อว่า [[Ceylon]] ([[ซีลอน]])

ชื่อต่าง ๆ ของสถานที่นี้เป็นประเด็นถกเถียงในทางการเมืองของศรีลังกา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วง{{w|สงครามกลางเมืองศรีลังกา}} และบางคนมองว่า &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; เป็นชื่อที่มาจากภาษาของชาวสิงหลมากเกินไป ส่วนชื่อภาษาทมิฬคือ {{w|Eelam}} (อีลัม) และพรรคการเมืองทมิฬบางพรรคยังคงใช้คำว่า &quot;Ceylon&quot; ในชื่อพรรค เช่น {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} และ {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}</text>
      <sha1>slrd64mhdhxvkij4byf2dugxil0277z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715246</id>
      <parentid>5715245</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:15:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำวิสามานยนาม */</comment>
      <origin>5715246</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15517" sha1="p986559hc3jnc2evkvbd90abta7mkml" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:เกี่ยวกับศรีลังกา&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:ชื่อเดิม&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:โบราณ, ร้อยกรอง&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||ศักดิ์สิทธิ์}} และ {{m|sa|लंका||เกาะ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.|t=ศรีลังกาได้ขอให้องค์การทางทะเลระหว่างประเทศ (IMO) จัดประเภทเม็ดพลาสติกเป็นสารพิษ และวานูอาตูเรียกร้องให้มีการรายงานข้อมูลตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่สูญหายในทะเลให้ดีขึ้น}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” เป็นชื่อทางการตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1972 ก่อนหน้านั้นใช้ชื่อว่า [[Ceylon]] ([[ซีลอน]])

ชื่อต่าง ๆ ของสถานที่นี้เป็นประเด็นถกเถียงในทางการเมืองของศรีลังกา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วง{{w|สงครามกลางเมืองศรีลังกา}} และบางคนมองว่า &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; เป็นชื่อที่มาจากภาษาของชาวสิงหลมากเกินไป ส่วนชื่อภาษาทมิฬคือ {{w|Eelam}} (อีลัม) และพรรคการเมืองทมิฬบางพรรคยังคงใช้คำว่า &quot;Ceylon&quot; ในชื่อพรรค เช่น {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} และ {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}</text>
      <sha1>p986559hc3jnc2evkvbd90abta7mkml</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715249</id>
      <parentid>5715246</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ */</comment>
      <origin>5715249</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15551" sha1="o1p4kav18sc2vfz5gdidujv1tb400de" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:เกี่ยวกับศรีลังกา&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:ชื่อเดิม&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:โบราณ, ร้อยกรอง&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||ศักดิ์สิทธิ์}} และ {{m|sa|लंका||เกาะ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.|t=ศรีลังกาได้ขอให้องค์การทางทะเลระหว่างประเทศ (IMO) จัดประเภทเม็ดพลาสติกเป็นสารพิษ และวานูอาตูเรียกร้องให้มีการรายงานข้อมูลตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่สูญหายในทะเลให้ดีขึ้น}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” เป็นชื่อทางการตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1972 ก่อนหน้านั้นใช้ชื่อว่า [[Ceylon]] ([[ซีลอน]])

ชื่อต่าง ๆ ของสถานที่นี้เป็นประเด็นถกเถียงในทางการเมืองของศรีลังกา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วง{{w|สงครามกลางเมืองศรีลังกา}} และบางคนมองว่า &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; เป็นชื่อที่มาจากภาษาของชาวสิงหลมากเกินไป ส่วนชื่อภาษาทมิฬคือ {{w|Eelam}} (อีลัม) และพรรคการเมืองทมิฬบางพรรคยังคงใช้คำว่า &quot;Ceylon&quot; ในชื่อพรรค เช่น {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} และ {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}</text>
      <sha1>o1p4kav18sc2vfz5gdidujv1tb400de</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>သီႇရီႉလင်ႇၵႃႇ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9659</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715220</id>
      <parentid>1415630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:16:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาไทใหญ่ */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715220</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="285" sha1="9a361asr4p2e4g7022bc41vqp8cskxj" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทใหญ่ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{shn-pron|သီႇ-ရီႉ-လင်ႇ-ၵႃႇ}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|shn|คำวิสามานยนาม}}

# {{tcl|shn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}</text>
      <sha1>9a361asr4p2e4g7022bc41vqp8cskxj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>อัฟกานิสถาน</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11853</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715266</id>
      <parentid>1523553</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T05:46:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinGlaep</username>
        <id>7155</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาไทย */</comment>
      <origin>5715266</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4891" sha1="ewcafq6d3cxtg1ydujlcmsjclgdeqcp" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทย ==
{{wp|ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน}}
[[File:Afghanistan in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน]]
[[File:Flag of the Taliban (Shahada v2).svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน]]

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|th|en|Afghanistan}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{th-pron|อั๊บ-กา-นิด-สะ-ถาน|อั๊ฟ-กา-นิด-สะ-ถาน|อั๊ฟ-กา-นิส-ถาน}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{th-proper noun}}

# {{lang|th|([[ประเทศ]]~)}} [[ประเทศ]][[ที่]][[ไม่]][[มี]][[ทาง]][[ออก]][[สู่]][[ทะเล]][[ประเทศ]][[หนึ่ง]][[ใน]][[เอเชียกลาง]][[ตอน]][[ใต้]] [[มี]][[กรุง]][[คาบูล]][[เป็น]][[เมืองหลวง]]

==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ====
{{trans-top|ประเทศที่ไม่มีทางออกสู่ทะเลประเทศหนึ่งในเอเชียกลางตอนใต้}}
* กากาอุซ: {{t|gag|Afganistan}}
* กาตาลา: {{t+|ca|Afganistan|alt=l’Afganistan|m}}
* กาลิเซีย: {{t+|gl|Afganistán|m}}
* เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^아프가니스탄}}
* เขมร: {{t|km|អាហ្វហ្គានីស្ថាន}}
* ครีโอลมอริเชียส: {{t|mfe|Afganistan}}
* คาชุบ: {{t+|csb|Afganistón}}
* จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|ავღანეთი}}
* จีน:
*: กวางตุ้ง: {{t|yue|阿富汗|tr=aa3 fu3 hon6, o1 fu3 hon6}}
*: หมิ่นตะวันออก: {{t|cdo|阿富汗}}
*: แคะ: {{t|hak|阿富汗|tr=Â-fu-hon}}
*: หมิ่นใต้ : {{t|nan-hbl|阿富汗|tr=A-hù-hān}}
*: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|阿富汗}}; {{t|cmn|愛烏罕|tr=Àiwūhǎn}} {{q|ทางประวัติศาสตร์}}
*: อู๋: {{t|wuu|阿富汗}}
* เช็ก: {{t|cs|Afgánistán|m}}, {{t+|cs|Afghánistán|m}}
* เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย:
*: ซีริลลิก: {{t|sh|Афганѝста̄н|m}}, {{t|sh|Авганѝста̄н|m}}
*: ละติน: {{t+|sh|Afganìstān|m}}, {{t|sh|Avganìstān|m}}
* ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|アフガニスタン|tr=Afuganisutan}}, {{t+|ja|アフガン|tr=Afugan}}
* ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|Afghanistan|n}}
* ตากาล็อก: {{t+|tl|Apganistan}}
* ตาตาร์: {{t|tt|Әфганстан}}
* ตุรกี: {{t+|tr|Afganistan}}
* เติร์กเมน: {{t|tk|Owganystan}}
* นอร์มัน: {{t|nrf|Afghanistan|m}}
* นอร์เวย์:
*: บุ๊กมอล: {{t+|nb|Afghanistan|n}}
*: นือนอสก์: {{t+|nn|Afghanistan|n}}
* นาวัตล์:
*: นาวัตล์ตอนกลาง: {{t|nhn|Afganistan}}
* บาสก์: {{t+|eu|Afganistan}}
* ปาทาน: {{t+|ps|افغانستان|m|tr=afǧānestān}}
* เปอร์เซีย:
*: เปอร์เซียคลาสสิก: {{t|fa-cls|اَفْغَانِسْتَان}}
*: ดารี: {{t|prs|اَفْغَانِسْتَان}}
*: เปอร์เซียแบบอิหร่าน: {{t|fa-ira|اَفْغانِسْتان}}
* โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|Afganistan|m-in}}
* ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|Afghanistan|m}}
* พม่า: {{t|my|အာဖဂန်နစ်စတန်}}
* ฟินแลนด์: {{t+|fi|Afganistan}}
* แฟโร: {{t+|fo|Afganistan|n}}
* มอลตา: {{t|mt|Afganistan|m}}
* เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Afghanistan|n}}
* รวันดา-รุนดี: {{t|rw|Afuganisitani}}
* โรมาเนีย: {{t+|ro|Afganistan|n}}
* ลักเซมเบิร์ก: {{t+|lb|Afghanistan}}
* สเปน: {{t+|es|Afganistán|m}}
* สโลวัก: {{t+|sk|Afganistan|m}}
* สโลวีเนีย: {{t+|sl|Afgȃnistan|m}}
* สวีเดน: {{t+|sv|Afghanistan|n}}
* อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Afghanistan}}
* อัสตูเรียส: {{t+|ast|Afganistán}}
* อาฟรีกานส์: {{t+|af|Afghanistan}}
* อาหรับ: {{t+|ar|أَفْغَانِسْتَان|f}}
* อิตาลี: {{t+|it|Afghanistan|m}}, {{t+|it|Afganistan|m}}, {{t|it|Afgania|f}}
* อินโดนีเซีย: {{t|id|Afghanistan}}
* อีโด: {{t+|io|Afganistan}}
* อุตซิตา: {{t+|oc|Afganistan|m}}
* เอสโตเนีย: {{t+|et|Afganistan}}
* แอลเบเนีย: {{t+|sq|Afganistan|m}} {{q|ไม่ชี้เฉพาะ}}, {{t+|sq|Afganistani|m}} {{q|ชี้เฉพาะ}}
* ไอซ์แลนด์: {{t+|is|Afganistan}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{topics|th|ประเทศ}}</text>
      <sha1>ewcafq6d3cxtg1ydujlcmsjclgdeqcp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ศรีลังกา</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715213</id>
      <parentid>5687651</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:12:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำวิสามานยนาม */</comment>
      <origin>5715213</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2031" sha1="dax0j4mflu6ky2aifk4635g2xq4eafy" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทย ==
{{wp|ประเทศศรีลังกา}}
[[File:Sri Lanka in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศศรีลังกา]]
[[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศศรีลังกา]]

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|th|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]}}; เทียบ{{cog|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{th-pron|สี-ลัง-กา}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{th-proper noun}}

# {{sid|th|Q854}}{{place|th|เกาะ/และ/ประเทศ|r/เอเชียใต้|นอกชายฝั่งของ[[อินเดีย]]|capital=โคลัมโบ|official=สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมประชาธิปไตยศรีลังกา}}

==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ====
{{trans-top|ประเทศในเอเชียใต้}}
* เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^스리랑카}}
* เขมร: {{t+|km|ស្រីលង្កា}}
* จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|შრი-ლანკა}}
* ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|スリランカ|tr=Suriranka}}
* ทมิฬ: {{t+|ta|இலங்கை}}, {{t+|ta|ஈழம்}}
* ไทใหญ่: {{t|shn|သီႇရီႉလင်ႇၵႃႇ}}, {{t+|shn|သီႇႁူဝ်ႇ}}, {{t|shn|ႀီႇႁူဝ်ႇ}}
* พม่า: {{t+|my|သီရိလင်္ကာ}}, {{t|my|သီဟိုဠ်}}
* เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Sri Lanka}}
* ลาว: {{t+|lo|ສີລັງກາ}}
* สันสกฤต: {{t|sa|श्रीलङ्का}}, {{t|sa|श्री लङ्का}}
* สิงหล: {{t+|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, {{t|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}
* อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Sri Lanka|tr=ฌฺรี ลางกะ}}
* เอสเปรันโต: {{t|eo|Lanko}}, {{t|eo|Sri-Lanko}}, {{t+|eo|Srilanko}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{topics|th|ประเทศ}}</text>
      <sha1>dax0j4mflu6ky2aifk4635g2xq4eafy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715263</id>
      <parentid>5715213</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T03:52:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinGlaep</username>
        <id>7155</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำแปลภาษาอื่น */</comment>
      <origin>5715263</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3130" sha1="jx37j8fqfnl1tinpuwrpp5gx9ybqamj" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทย ==
{{wp|ประเทศศรีลังกา}}
[[File:Sri Lanka in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศศรีลังกา]]
[[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศศรีลังกา]]

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|th|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]}}; เทียบ{{cog|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{th-pron|สี-ลัง-กา}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{th-proper noun}}

# {{sid|th|Q854}}{{place|th|เกาะ/และ/ประเทศ|r/เอเชียใต้|นอกชายฝั่งของ[[อินเดีย]]|capital=โคลัมโบ|official=สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมประชาธิปไตยศรีลังกา}}

==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ====
{{trans-top|ประเทศในเอเชียใต้}}
* กาตาลา: {{t+|ca|Sri Lanka|f}}
* เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^스리랑카}}
* เขมร: {{t+|km|ស្រីលង្កា}}
* คอร์นวอลล์: {{t|kw|Sri Lanka}}
* จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|შრი-ლანკა}}
* ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|スリランカ|tr=Suriranka}}
* ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|Sri Lanka|n}}
* เดนมาร์ก: {{t|da|Sri Lanka|n}}
* ตุรกี: {{t+|tr|Sri Lanka}}
* ทมิฬ: {{t+|ta|இலங்கை}}, {{t+|ta|ஈழம்}}
* ไทใหญ่: {{t|shn|သီႇရီႉလင်ႇၵႃႇ}}, {{t+|shn|သီႇႁူဝ်ႇ}}, {{t|shn|ႀီႇႁူဝ်ႇ}}
* นอร์เวย์:
*: บุ๊กมอล: {{t+|nb|Sri Lanka|n}}
*: นือนอสก์: {{t+|nn|Sri Lanka|n}}
* นาวัตล์:
*: นาวัตล์ตอนกลาง: {{t|nhn|Sri Lanka}}
* โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|Sri Lanka|m}}
* โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|Sri Lanka|f}}
* ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|Sri Lanka|m}}
* พม่า: {{t+|my|သီရိလင်္ကာ}}, {{t|my|သီဟိုဠ်}}
* ฟินแลนด์: {{t+|fi|Sri Lanka}}
* แฟโร: {{t|fo|Sri Lanka|n}}
* มาเลเซีย: {{t+|ms|Sri Lanka}}, {{t|ms|Seri Langka}} {{q|หายาก}}
* เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Sri Lanka|n}}
* โรมาเนีย: {{t|ro|Sri Lanka|n}}
* ลาว: {{t+|lo|ສີລັງກາ}}
* เวลส์: {{t|cy|Sri Lanca|m}}
* สเปน: {{t+|es|Sri Lanka|f}}
* สวีเดน: {{t+|sv|Sri Lanka|n}}
* สันสกฤต: {{t|sa|श्रीलङ्का}}, {{t|sa|श्री लङ्का}}
* สิงหล: {{t+|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, {{t|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}
* อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Sri Lanka|tr=ฌฺรี ลางกะ}}
* อัสตูเรียส: {{t+|ast|Sri Lanka|f}}
* อิตาลี: {{t+|it|Sri Lanka|m}}
* อินโดนีเซีย: {{t|id|Sri Lanka}}
* เอสเปรันโต: {{t|eo|Lanko}}, {{t|eo|Sri-Lanko}}, {{t+|eo|Srilanko}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{topics|th|ประเทศ}}</text>
      <sha1>jx37j8fqfnl1tinpuwrpp5gx9ybqamj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>แม่ฮ่องสอน</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25821</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715198</id>
      <parentid>5644757</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T14:04:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ai Ku Karng</username>
        <id>17824</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาไทย */</comment>
      <origin>5715198</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="810" sha1="h4db3g2w6dol9dg3yrmko7pzvt6i5i3" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทย ==
{{wp|จังหวัด+}}
[[ไฟล์:Amphoe Mae Hong Son.svg|thumb|right|150px|แม่ฮ่องสอน]]

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|th|shn|မႄႈႁွင်ႈသွၼ်}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{th-pron|แม่-ฮ็่อง-สอน}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{th-proper noun}}

# {{lang|th|([[จังหวัด]]~)}} ชื่อ[[จังหวัด]]ใน[[ภาค]][[เหนือ]]ของ[[ประเทศไทย]]
#: {{syn|th|มส|q1=อักษรย่อ}}

==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ====
{{trans-top| (1)}}
* [[ภาษาอังกฤษ|อังกฤษ]] : [[Mae Hong Son]]
{{trans-bottom}}

{{topics|th|แม่ฮ่องสอน}}</text>
      <sha1>h4db3g2w6dol9dg3yrmko7pzvt6i5i3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ไม่มีปี่มีขลุ่ย</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>26842</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715264</id>
      <parentid>1494426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T04:00:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-12699-46</username>
        <id>18655</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715264</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="513" sha1="76ikuucn6bsl7f6qg5y87gfbewrj2ba" xml:space="preserve">==ภาษาไทย==

===รากศัพท์===
{{คำประสม|th|ไม่|มี|ปี่|ขลุ่ย}}

===การออกเสียง===
{{th-pron|ไม่-มี-ปี่-มี-ขฺลุ่ย}}
* {{คำอ่านไทย|ไม่-มี-ปี่-มี-ขฺลุ่ย}}

=== คำกริยา ===
{{th-verb}}

# {{lb|th|สำนวน}} ไม่มี[[เค้า]]

===รูปแบบอื่น===
* [[ไม่มีปี่มีกลอง]]</text>
      <sha1>76ikuucn6bsl7f6qg5y87gfbewrj2ba</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chao Phraya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>31914</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715291</id>
      <parentid>1331049</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:49:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715291</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="615" sha1="cplnfnwd3rrhtqb8iy32y9o4m1g111o" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{wp|en:+ River}}
[[ไฟล์:Wat Arun Ratchawararam and Royal Barge Procession.JPG|thumb|300px|the river with the {{w|Wat Arun|Temple of Dawn}} in the background during a {{w|royal barge procession}} in 2012]]

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|th|เจ้าพระยา}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈtʃaʊ pɹəˈjɑː/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-proper noun|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|เจ้าพระยา|id=QQ118850}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{sense|archaic}} {{l|en|Menam}}</text>
      <sha1>cplnfnwd3rrhtqb8iy32y9o4m1g111o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715292</id>
      <parentid>5715291</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:50:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำวิสามานยนาม */</comment>
      <origin>5715292</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="614" sha1="qs8r9fld39behm89hf2bhwx55o4wp83" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{wp|en:+ River}}
[[ไฟล์:Wat Arun Ratchawararam and Royal Barge Procession.JPG|thumb|300px|the river with the {{w|Wat Arun|Temple of Dawn}} in the background during a {{w|royal barge procession}} in 2012]]

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|th|เจ้าพระยา}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈtʃaʊ pɹəˈjɑː/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-proper noun|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|เจ้าพระยา|id=Q118850}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{sense|archaic}} {{l|en|Menam}}</text>
      <sha1>qs8r9fld39behm89hf2bhwx55o4wp83</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715293</id>
      <parentid>5715292</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:50:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำพ้องความ */</comment>
      <origin>5715293</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="622" sha1="1wwoognoeo66aibe0hm7fsv5405iqfw" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{wp|en:+ River}}
[[ไฟล์:Wat Arun Ratchawararam and Royal Barge Procession.JPG|thumb|300px|the river with the {{w|Wat Arun|Temple of Dawn}} in the background during a {{w|royal barge procession}} in 2012]]

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|th|เจ้าพระยา}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈtʃaʊ pɹəˈjɑː/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-proper noun|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|เจ้าพระยา|id=Q118850}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{sense|โบราณ}} {{l|en|Menam}}</text>
      <sha1>1wwoognoeo66aibe0hm7fsv5405iqfw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>มอดูล:my-translit</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>44724</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715279</id>
      <parentid>1098019</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:48:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715279</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2229" sha1="b9w5xqdieb63ihtibvdyjyh8f9b55ez" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}
local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local u = mw.ustring.char

local tt = {
	-- consonants
	[&quot;က&quot;] = &quot;ก&quot;, [&quot;ခ&quot;] = &quot;ข&quot;, [&quot;ဂ&quot;] = &quot;ค&quot;, [&quot;ဃ&quot;] = &quot;ฆ&quot;, [&quot;င&quot;] = &quot;ง&quot;,
	[&quot;စ&quot;] = &quot;จ&quot;, [&quot;ဆ&quot;] = &quot;ฉ&quot;, [&quot;ဇ&quot;] = &quot;ช&quot;, [&quot;ဈ&quot;] = &quot;ฌ&quot;, [&quot;ဉ&quot;] = &quot;ญ&quot;, [&quot;ည&quot;] = &quot;ญ&quot;,
	[&quot;ဋ&quot;] = &quot;ฏ&quot;, [&quot;ဌ&quot;] = &quot;ฐ&quot;, [&quot;ဍ&quot;] = &quot;ฑ&quot;, [&quot;ဎ&quot;] = &quot;ฒ&quot;, [&quot;ဏ&quot;] = &quot;ณ&quot;,
	[&quot;တ&quot;] = &quot;ต&quot;, [&quot;ထ&quot;] = &quot;ถ&quot;, [&quot;ဒ&quot;] = &quot;ท&quot;, [&quot;ဓ&quot;] = &quot;ธ&quot;, [&quot;န&quot;] = &quot;น&quot;,
	[&quot;ပ&quot;] = &quot;ป&quot;, [&quot;ဖ&quot;] = &quot;ผ&quot;, [&quot;ဗ&quot;] = &quot;พ&quot;, [&quot;ဘ&quot;] = &quot;ภ&quot;, [&quot;မ&quot;] = &quot;ม&quot;,
	[&quot;ယ&quot;] = &quot;ย&quot;, [&quot;ရ&quot;] = &quot;ร&quot;, [&quot;လ&quot;] = &quot;ล&quot;, [&quot;ဝ&quot;] = &quot;ว&quot;,
	[&quot;သ&quot;] = &quot;ส&quot;, [&quot;ဟ&quot;] = &quot;ห&quot;, [&quot;ဠ&quot;] = &quot;ฬ&quot;, [&quot;အ&quot;] = &quot;อ&quot;,
	[&quot;ဿ&quot;] = &quot;สฺส&quot;,
	-- independent vowels
	[&quot;ဣ&quot;] = &quot;อิ&quot;, [&quot;ဤ&quot;] = &quot;อี&quot;, [&quot;ဥ&quot;] = &quot;อุ&quot;, [&quot;ဦ&quot;] = &quot;อู&quot;,
	[&quot;ဧ&quot;] = &quot;เอ&quot;, [&quot;ဩ&quot;] = &quot;เอา:&quot;, [&quot;ဪ&quot;] = &quot;เอา̥&quot;,
	-- dependent vowels and diacritics (excluding front type)
	[&quot;ါ&quot;] = &quot;า&quot;, [&quot;ာ&quot;] = &quot;า&quot;, [&quot;ိ&quot;] = &quot;ิ&quot;, [&quot;ီ&quot;] = &quot;ี&quot;, [&quot;ု&quot;] = &quot;ุ&quot;, [&quot;ူ&quot;] = &quot;ู&quot;,
	[&quot;ံ&quot;] = &quot;ํ&quot;, [&quot;့&quot;] = &quot;̥&quot;, [&quot;း&quot;] = &quot;:&quot;, [&quot;္&quot;] = &quot;ฺ&quot;, [&quot;်&quot;] = &quot;์&quot;,
	[&quot;ျ&quot;] = &quot;ฺย&quot;, [&quot;ြ&quot;] = &quot;ฺร&quot;, [&quot;ွ&quot;] = &quot;ฺว&quot;,
	-- marks
	[&quot;၊&quot;] = &quot;,&quot;, [&quot;။&quot;] = &quot;.&quot;,
	[&quot;၌&quot;] = &quot;หฺไนก์&quot;, [&quot;၍&quot;] = &quot;รุย์&quot;, [&quot;၎&quot;] = &quot;ฯ&quot;, [&quot;၏&quot;] = &quot;เออ์‌&quot;,
	-- numerals
	[&quot;၀&quot;] = &quot;0&quot;, [&quot;၁&quot;] = &quot;1&quot;, [&quot;၂&quot;] = &quot;2&quot;, [&quot;၃&quot;] = &quot;3&quot;, [&quot;၄&quot;] = &quot;4&quot;,
	[&quot;၅&quot;] = &quot;5&quot;, [&quot;၆&quot;] = &quot;6&quot;, [&quot;၇&quot;] = &quot;7&quot;, [&quot;၈&quot;] = &quot;8&quot;, [&quot;၉&quot;] = &quot;9&quot;,
	-- zero-width space (display it if it hides in a word)
	[u(0x200B)] = &quot;‼&quot;,
}

function export.tr(text, lang, sc, debug_mode)

	if type(text) == &quot;table&quot; then -- called directly from a template
		text = text.args[1]
	end

	text = gsub(text, &quot;(့)([ါ-ှ])&quot;, &quot;%2%1&quot;) -- swap tone-3 mark and vowel
	text = gsub(text, &quot;.&quot;, tt)

	text = gsub(text, &quot;(.)ှ&quot;, &quot;หฺ%1&quot;)
	text = gsub(text, &quot;(.)ေ&quot;, &quot;เ%1&quot;)
	text = gsub(text, &quot;(.)ဲ&quot;, &quot;แ%1&quot;)

	text = gsub(text, &quot;(.)ิุ&quot;, &quot;โ%1&quot;) -- อิุ -&gt; โอ
	text = gsub(text, &quot;โ(.)([ก-รวสอ]์)&quot;, &quot;ไ%1%2&quot;) -- โอx์ -&gt; ไอx์ ยกเว้น ลหฬฮ

	text = gsub(text, &quot;([เแไโ])อฺ&quot;, &quot;อฺ%1&quot;)

	return text
 
end
 
return export</text>
      <sha1>b9w5xqdieb63ihtibvdyjyh8f9b55ez</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>သီရိလင်္ကာ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>47637</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715221</id>
      <parentid>1415620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:18:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาพม่า */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715221</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="574" sha1="tczlp9cka8tarqa9ha2yd66pawceqjh" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาพม่า ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{affix|my|သီရိ|အလင်္ကာ|t1=|t2=}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{my-IPA|သီ*ရိလင်္ကာ|သီ*ရိလင်+ကာ}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{my-proper noun}}

# {{tcl|my|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|my|သီရိလင်္ကာ[[နိုင်ငံ]]|ประเทศศรีลังกา|inline=y}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|my|သီဟိုဠ်}}
* {{l|my|စီလုံ}}</text>
      <sha1>tczlp9cka8tarqa9ha2yd66pawceqjh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>มอดูล:Taml-translit</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>49760</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715200</id>
      <parentid>2195533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T16:55:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715200</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="2382" sha1="dh9ix3k32h35wwhma7ohaatwvy4j4d2" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}
local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local u = mw.ustring.char
local letter_with_mark = '(.['..u(0x0300)..'-'..u(0x036F)..']?)'

local tt = {
	-- consonants
	['க'] = 'ก', ['ங'] = 'ง', ['ச'] = 'จ', ['ஜ'] = 'ช', ['ஞ'] = 'ญ',
	['ட'] = 'ฏ', ['ண'] = 'ณ', ['த'] = 'ต', ['ந'] = 'น', ['ன'] = 'น̱',
	['ப'] = 'ป', ['ம'] = 'ม',
	['ய'] = 'ย', ['ர'] = 'ร', ['ற'] = 'ร̱', ['ல'] = 'ล', ['ள'] = 'ฬ', ['ழ'] = 'ฬ̱', ['வ'] = 'ว',
	['ஶ'] = 'ศ', ['ஷ'] = 'ษ', ['ஸ'] = 'ส', ['ஹ'] = 'ห',
	-- independent vowels
	['அ'] = 'อ', ['ஆ'] = 'อา', ['இ'] = 'อิ', ['ஈ'] = 'อี', ['உ'] = 'อุ', ['ஊ'] = 'อู',
	['எ'] = 'เอ็', ['ஏ'] = 'เอ', ['ஐ'] = 'ไอ', ['ஒ'] = 'โอ็', ['ஓ'] = 'โอ', ['ஔ'] = 'เอา',
	-- dependent vowels and diacritics (excluding front type)
	['ா'] = 'า', ['ி'] = 'ิ', ['ீ'] = 'ี', ['ு'] = 'ุ', ['ூ'] = 'ู',
	['ஂ'] = 'ํ', ['ஃ'] = 'ะ', ['்'] = 'ฺ',
	-- marks
	['ௐ'] = 'โอํ์',
	-- numerals
	['௦'] = '0', ['௧'] = '1', ['௨'] = '2', ['௩'] = '3', ['௪'] = '4',
	['௫'] = '5', ['௬'] = '6', ['௭'] = '7', ['௮'] = '8', ['௯'] = '9',
	['௰'] = '[10]', ['௱'] = '[100]', ['௲'] = '[1000]',
	-- zero-width space (display it if it hides in a word)
	[u(0x200B)] = '‼',
}

local adjust0 = {
	-- for convenience
	['ஒ'..'ௗ'] = 'ஔ',
	['ெ'..'ா'] = 'ொ', ['ே'..'ா'] = 'ோ', ['ெ'..'ௗ'] = 'ௌ',
	['ௐ'] = 'ஓம்',
}

local adjust1 = {
	-- dependent vowels (front type)
	['ெ'] = 'เ%1็', ['ே'] = 'เ%1', ['ை'] = 'ไ%1',
	['ொ'] = 'โ%1็', ['ோ'] = 'โ%1', ['ௌ'] = 'เ%1า',
}

function export.tr(text, lang, sc, debug_mode)

	if type(text) == 'table' then -- called directly from a template
		text = text.args[1]
	end

	for k, v in pairs(adjust0) do
		text = gsub(text, k, v)
	end
	text = gsub(text, '.', tt)

	for k, v in pairs(adjust1) do
		text = gsub(text, letter_with_mark..k, v)
	end

	text = gsub(text, '([เแไโ])อฺ', 'อฺ%1')
	
	-- ย้ายสัญลักษณ์ขึ้นบน เมื่อมีสระล่าง (ยกเว้นตัวที่ไม่มี)
	--text = gsub(text, u(0x0331)..'([ุ-ฺ])', u(0x0304)..'%1') -- macron below &gt; macron above
	
	return text

end

return export</text>
      <sha1>dh9ix3k32h35wwhma7ohaatwvy4j4d2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ශ්‍රී ලංකා</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50446</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715277</id>
      <parentid>1607628</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:43:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาสิงหล */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715277</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="446" sha1="imwy9j1slshvttibo13izy6m7tjme6y" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาสิงหล ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|si|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{si-IPA|ශ්රී ලංකා}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|si|คำวิสามานยนาม}}

# {{tcl|si|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}</text>
      <sha1>imwy9j1slshvttibo13izy6m7tjme6y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>இலங்கை</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>50447</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715219</id>
      <parentid>1367573</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:15:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาทมิฬ */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715219</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="935" sha1="hlzc89f7j0oqbazkfei95ylx4w15o0h" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาทมิฬ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ta:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{img
|image1=Flag of Sri Lanka (16-9).png|caption1={{lang|ta|இலங்கையின் கொடி}}
|image2=Base Map of Sri Lanka.png|caption2={{lang|ta|இலங்கையின் [[வரைபடம்]]}}
}}
{{wp|ta:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|ta|லங்கை|லங்கா}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|ta|sa|लङ्का}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{ta-IPA}}
* {{audio|ta|Ta-இலங்கை.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ta-proper noun}}

# {{tcl|ta|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ta|ஈழம்|ஶ்ரீ லங்கா|சிலோன்}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{ta-decl|num=sg}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:TAL}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:ta:Agarathi}}
* {{R:Pillai}}</text>
      <sha1>hlzc89f7j0oqbazkfei95ylx4w15o0h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>스리랑카</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>51908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715214</id>
      <parentid>1916617</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:13:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715214</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="284" sha1="s4efzor51tt45yjuzfu73saln4jtesp" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาเกาหลี ==
{{wp|ko:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{ko-IPA|cap=y}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ko-pos|proper noun}}

# {{tcl|ko|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/ko}}</text>
      <sha1>s4efzor51tt45yjuzfu73saln4jtesp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>スリランカ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52076</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715217</id>
      <parentid>1915190</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:14:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาญี่ปุ่น */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715217</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="617" sha1="30sxlrmwx06di0afxad859598f0xgwn" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาญี่ปุ่น ==
{{swp|ja:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|ja|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|ja|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{ja-pron|スリ ランカ|acc=3|acc_ref=NHK}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ja-pos|proper|スリ ランカ}}

# {{tcl|ja|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{ja-r|スリランカ民%主%社%会%主%義%共%和%国|^スリ ^ランカ ^みん%しゅ% ^しゃ%かい% ^しゅ%ぎ% ^きょう%わ%こく}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>30sxlrmwx06di0afxad859598f0xgwn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ស្រីលង្កា</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>52221</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715215</id>
      <parentid>1914672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:13:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาเขมร */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715215</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="232" sha1="16571wi02tw8umx5c96jaw16nxirgh4" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาเขมร ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{km-IPA|ស្រី ល៉ង់-កា}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{km-proper noun}}

# {{tcl|km|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}</text>
      <sha1>16571wi02tw8umx5c96jaw16nxirgh4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>เจ้าพระยา</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>267203</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715288</id>
      <parentid>2032857</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:32:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำวิสามานยนาม */</comment>
      <origin>5715288</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="908" sha1="p8uty5v8df8o8rpfceym7j88lv751ol" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทย ==
{{wp}}
{{wp|แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{com|th|เจ้า|พระยา}}

เทียบ{{cog|km|ចៅព្រះយា}}, {{cog|lo|ເຈົ້າພະຍາ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{th-pron|จ้าว-พฺระ-ยา}}

=== คำนาม ===
{{th-noun}}

# {{lb|th|โบ}} บรรดาศักดิ์ข้าราชการผู้ใหญ่ สูงกว่า[[พระยา]] ต่ำกว่า[[สมเด็จเจ้าพระยา]] เช่น เจ้าพระยาธรรมศักดิ์มนตรี.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{th-proper noun}}

# {{place|th|แม่น้ำ|ในภาคกลางของ|c/ไทย}}

ชื่อแม่น้ำในภาคกลางของไทย</text>
      <sha1>p8uty5v8df8o8rpfceym7j88lv751ol</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715289</id>
      <parentid>5715288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:33:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาไทย */</comment>
      <origin>5715289</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="807" sha1="mm5z2cbmy1vj0a1fhvjmrrcg1lp5p0t" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทย ==
{{wp|+}}
{{wp|แม่น้ำ+}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{com|th|เจ้า|พระยา}}

เทียบ{{cog|km|ចៅព្រះយា}}, {{cog|lo|ເຈົ້າພະຍາ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{th-pron|จ้าว-พฺระ-ยา}}

=== คำนาม ===
{{th-noun}}

# {{lb|th|โบ}} บรรดาศักดิ์ข้าราชการผู้ใหญ่ สูงกว่า[[พระยา]] ต่ำกว่า[[สมเด็จเจ้าพระยา]] เช่น เจ้าพระยาธรรมศักดิ์มนตรี.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{th-proper noun}}

# {{place|th|แม่น้ำ|ในภาคกลางของ|c/ไทย}}</text>
      <sha1>mm5z2cbmy1vj0a1fhvjmrrcg1lp5p0t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715290</id>
      <parentid>5715289</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:46:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำวิสามานยนาม */</comment>
      <origin>5715290</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="829" sha1="c4hie5tiiwhc4223sj69fswj5my28gq" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทย ==
{{wp|+}}
{{wp|แม่น้ำ+}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{com|th|เจ้า|พระยา}}

เทียบ{{cog|km|ចៅព្រះយា}}, {{cog|lo|ເຈົ້າພະຍາ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{th-pron|จ้าว-พฺระ-ยา}}

=== คำนาม ===
{{th-noun}}

# {{lb|th|โบ}} บรรดาศักดิ์ข้าราชการผู้ใหญ่ สูงกว่า[[พระยา]] ต่ำกว่า[[สมเด็จเจ้าพระยา]] เช่น เจ้าพระยาธรรมศักดิ์มนตรี.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{th-proper noun}}

# {{senseid|th|Q118850}}{{place|th|แม่น้ำ|ในภาคกลางของ|c/ไทย}}</text>
      <sha1>c4hie5tiiwhc4223sj69fswj5my28gq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>น้ำตก</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>281406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715265</id>
      <parentid>4733656</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T05:14:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinGlaep</username>
        <id>7155</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาไทย */</comment>
      <origin>5715265</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3037" sha1="ivq6run5zwsx0zqvai2clm32jvi2qoc" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทย ==
{{wp}}
[[File:Wachirathan Falls.jpg|thumb|'''น้ำตก'''วชิรธาร]]

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{com+|th|น้ำ|ตก}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{th-pron|น้ำ-ตก}}

=== คำนาม ===
{{th-noun}}

# [[น้ำ]][[ที่]][[ขัง]][[อยู่]][[บน]][[เขา]][[ตก]][[ลง]][[มา]]ที่[[หน้าผา]]
# [[เรียก]]นํ้าที่[[ทำ]][[ให้]]ตกลงมา[[ใน]][[ลักษณะ]][[คล้ายคลึง]][[เช่น]][[นั้น]]
# [[อาหาร]][[อย่าง]][[หนึ่ง]][[ใช้]][[เนื้อ]][[สัตว์]]เช่นเนื้อ[[หมู]][[หรือ]]เนื้อ[[วัว]] [[ย่าง]][[พอ]][[สุก]][[เล็กน้อย]] [[หั่น]][[เป็น]][[ชิ้น]][[บาง]] [[ๆ]] [[แล้ว]][[ปรุง]][[ด้วย]][[พริก]][[ป่น]] [[หอมแดง]][[ซอย]] [[ข้าวคั่ว]] น้ำ[[มะนาว]] [[น้ำปลา]] [[เป็นต้น]]
# {{lang|th|([[ก๋วยเตี๋ยว]]~)}} เรียก[[ก๋วยเตี๋ยว]]น้ำที่[[ใส่]][[เลือด]]วัว[[สด]]หรือเลือดหมูสด

==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ====
{{trans-top|น้ำที่ขังอยู่บนเขาตกลงมาที่หน้าผา}}
* กะเหรี่ยง:
*: สะกอ: {{t|ksw|ထံလီၤဆူ}}
* เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|폭포}}
* จีน:
*: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|瀑布|tr=pùbù, bàobù}}
* ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|waterval|m|tr=วาเตอร์วัล}}
* ตโบลี: {{t|tbl|hikong}}
* ทิเบต: {{t|bo|བབས་ཆུ}}
* ไทดำ: {{t|blt|ꪙꪾ꫁‌ꪶꪔꪀꪔꪱꪒ}}
* โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|wodospad|m}}
* โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|cascata|f|tr=กาฌกาตา}}
* พม่า: {{t+|my|ရေတံခွန်}}
* มอญ: {{t|mnw|ဍာ်ဆၚ်}}
* เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Wasserfall|m}}
* โรมาเนีย: {{t+|ro|cascadă|f}}, {{t+|ro|cădere de apă|f}}
* ลักเซมเบิร์ก: {{t|lb|Waasserfall|m}}
* ลาว: {{t|lo|ນ້ຳຕົກຕາດ}}, {{t|lo|ນ້ຳຕົກ}}, {{t|lo|ຕົກຕາດ}}, {{t|lo|ນ້ຳຕາດ}}, {{t|lo|ນ້ຳໂຕນຕາດ}}, {{t|lo|ນ້ຳໂຕນຜາ}}, {{t|lo|ໂຕນຕາດ}}
* สเปน: {{t+|es|cascada|f}}
* สวีเดน: {{t+|sv|vattenfall|n}}
* อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|waterfall|tr=วอเทอร์ฟอล}}
* อาหรับ: {{t|ar|شَلَّال|m}}
* อิตาลี: {{t+|it|cascata|f}}, {{t+|it|rapida|f}}
* เอสเปรันโต: {{t+|eo|akvofalo}}, {{t|eo|kaskado}}
* ฮังการี: {{t+|hu|vízesés}}
* ฮุนสริก: {{t|hrx|Wasserfall|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}</text>
      <sha1>ivq6run5zwsx0zqvai2clm32jvi2qoc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>มอดูล:place</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>283922</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715280</id>
      <parentid>5714216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:56:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715280</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="160556" sha1="0rppoj57xhucot7aupsiwb6aditbxwg" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

local force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_placetypes = require(&quot;Module:place/placetypes&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local memoize = require(&quot;Module:memoize&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)

local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;
local form_of_module = &quot;Module:form of&quot;
local languages_module = &quot;Module:languages&quot;
local parse_interface_module = &quot;Module:parse interface&quot;
local parse_utilities_module = &quot;Module:parse utilities&quot;
local parameter_utilities_module = &quot;Module:parameter utilities&quot;
local utilities_module = &quot;Module:utilities&quot;

local enlang = require(languages_module).getByCode(&quot;en&quot;)

local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local rfind = m_strutils.find
local ulen = m_strutils.len
local split = m_strutils.split
local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize
local extend = m_table.extend
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local internal_error = m_placetypes.internal_error
local process_error = m_placetypes.process_error
local placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data

--[==[ intro:

===Introduction===

This module implements {{tl|place}}, which is a template for standardizing the description and categorization of
toponyms (terms that refer to locations such as cities, countries, rivers, etc.). The following modules support this
template:

* [[Module:place]]: The main module.
* [[Module:place/placetypes]]: A module containing data on placetypes, as well as utilities for working with placetypes;
  category generation handlers for adding categories based on placetypes; and display handlers for displaying holonyms
  (i.e. containing locations) of a specific type. FIXME: Maybe split out the code from the data.
* [[Module:place/locations]]: A module containing data on known locations, as well as utilities for working with
  such locations. FIXME: Maybe split out the code from the data.
* [[Module:category tree/topic/Places]]: A category tree module for generating the descriptions of all
  categories generated by {{tl|place}}.
* [[Module:place doc]]: A module that generates documentation tables describing known placetypes and locations.

===Basic terminology===

The basic terminology used in this and associated {{tl|place}} modules is:
* A ''location'' (or equivalently, a ''place'') is any geographic feature (either natural or geopolitical), either on
  the surface of the Earth or elsewhere. Examples of types of natural places are rivers, mountains, seas and moons;
  examples of types of geopolitical places are cities, countries, neighborhoods and roads. A ''known location'' is
  specifically a location whose properties are specified in the {{tl|place}} modules; more on them below.
* Specific places are identified by names, referred to as ''toponyms'' or ''placenames''. A given place will often have
  multiple names, and a given toponym may be ambiguous, referring to multiple possible locations. Specifically:
** There may be names including different amounts of disambiguating information (`Tucson` vs. `Tucson, Arizona` vs.
   `Tucson, Arizona, USA` or `New York` vs. `New York City` vs. `New York, New York`); abbreviations (`NYC`
   for `New York City`, `USA` for `United States of America`); ''official'' vs. ''short'' names (e.g.
   `Union of Soviet Socialist Republics` vs. `Soviet Union`); spelling variations (`Cracow` vs. `Krakow` vs. `Kraków`);
   current vs. former names (`Saint Petersburg` vs. `Leningrad` vs. `Petrograd`); [[exonym]]s vs. [[endonym]]s (e.g.
   `Tavastia Proper` vs. `Kanta-Häme`, both referring to the same administrative region in Finland); alternative names
   not due to any of the above reasons (`Bashkiria` vs. `Bashkortostan`); etc. In addition, each language that has an
   opportunity to refer to the place will have its own name, with the same sorts of variations as exist in English.
** Examples of ambiguous toponyms are `New York` (either a city or a state); `Georgia` (either a state of the US or an
   independent country in the Caucasus Mountains); `Paris` (either the capital of France or various small cities and
   towns in the US); `Mexico` (either a country, a state of that country, or the capital city of that country); and
   `San Antonio` (besides being a major city in Texas, it is the name of dozens of settlements of all sorts throughout
   the US and Latin America, and a least 181 distinct [[barangay]]s in the Philippines).
* A ''placetype'' is the (or a) type that a location belongs to (e.g. `city`, `state`, `river`, `administrative region`,
  `[[regional county municipality]]`, etc.).
** It is common for locations to be described using multiple placetypes, and even sometimes known locations have
  multiple placetypes that they may be identified by (e.g. American Samoa can be identified either as an
  `unincorporated territory`, an `overseas territory` or just a `territory`). Both the {{tl|place}} template and the
  known location data allow a given location to be identified by multiple placetypes. When in doubt as to the correct
  placetype or placetypes for a given location, generally follow how Wikipedia describes the place.
** Some placetypes themselves are ambiguous; e.g. an ''area'' can variously refer to a top-level administrative division
   (specifically of Kuwait); a geographic region, generally without unambiguously defined borders; or a section of a
   city, similar to a neighborhood. The term ''district'' is similarly ambiguous. A ''[[prefecture]]'' in the context of
   Japan is similar to a province, but a prefecture in France is the capital of a ''[[department]]'' (which is similar
   to a county). Some of this ambiguity is currently handled automatically; e.g. the ambiguity of areas and districts is
   handled by looking at the ''holonyms'', or containing locations, specified for a given place. But sometimes it is
   necessary to use a qualifier before the placetype to disambiguate; for example to refer to a French prefecture, use
   the placetype `French prefecture` instead of just `prefecture`. (FIXME: Handle this automatically.)
* A ''holonym'', in the context of a description of a place, is a placename that refers to a larger-sized entity that
  contains the location being described. For example, `Arizona` and `United States` are holonyms of `Tucson`, and
  `United States` is a holonym of `Arizona`.
* A ''place invocation'' consists of the invocation of {{tl|place}}, including all its parameters. Place invocations
  may contain one or more ''place descriptions'', each of which provides a description of the location, including its
  placetype or types, any holonyms, and any additional raw text needed to properly explain the place in context. Place
  invocations may also contain named parameters specifying zero or more English ''glosses'' or translations (for
  foreign-language toponyms) and any attached ''extra information'' such as the capital, largest city, official name,
  modern name or full name. Multiple place descriptions in a single invocation are separated by a numbered parameter
  starting with a semicolon, and are used when it is necessary to provide two or more definitions of a single location
  for proper categorization. For example, [[Vatican City]] is defined both as a city-state in Southern Europe and as an
  enclave within the city of Rome, follows:
  : {{tl|place|en|city-state|r/Southern Europe|;,|an &lt;&lt;enclave&gt;&gt; within the city of [[Rome]], [[Italy]]|cat=Places in Rome|official=Vatican City State}}.
  Similar things need to be done for places like [[Crimea]] that are claimed by two different countries with different
  definitions and administrative structures.
** There are two types of place descriptions, ''new-style'' and ''old-style''. (The use of the terms &quot;new&quot; and &quot;old&quot;
   indicates chronological precedence in the development of {{tl|place}}, but is not meant to pass any value judgments
   on the two types, and does not indicate any intent to deprecate old-style descriptions. Both types of descriptions
   are useful; for example, old-style descriptions are generally more succinct but less flexible.) The above invocation
   shows both types: an old-style description followed by a new-style description. Old style descriptions use multiple
   numbered parameters, where the first parameter (after the language code) specifies the placetype or types, and
   following parameters specify either holonyms (which are always of the form ` ``placetype``/``placename`` `) or raw
   text (which is identifiable by not having a slash in it). New-style descriptions use a single parameter, where both
   placetypes and holonyms are surrounded by double angle brackets, and all remaining text is raw (displayed as-is). In
   both types of descriptions, holonyms include a slash in them to separate the placetype (which is mandatory and often
   abbreviated) from the placename.
** In the context of a place description, there are two types of placetypes. The ''entry placetypes'' are the placetypes
   of the place being described, while the ''holonym placetypes'' are the placetypes of the holonyms that the place
   being described is located within. Currently, a given place can have multiple placetypes specified (e.g. [[Normandy]]
   is specified using the ''compound placetype'' `administrative region/former province/and/medieval kingdom`) while a
   given holonym can have only one placetype associated with it. Holonym placetypes are frequently abbreviated (e.g.
   `r` for `region`, `s` for `state`, `co` for `county`, etc.), while stylistically it is preferred to spell out the
   entry placetype (except for some long placetypes with well-known abbreviations, such as `CDP` or `cdp` for
   `[[census-designated place]]`).
** All holonyms in place descriptions are automatically linked as if surrounded by {{tl|l|en|...}}; i.e. if double
   brackets do not occur in the holonym, the entire holonym will be linked to the corresponding Wiktionary article. For
   this reason, the holonym should generally be in the same format as the canonical Wiktionary article describing the
   location; see below).
* A ''known location'' is a location whose properties are specifically defined in the {{tl|place}} modules. Generally
  each such location has an associated category, and known locations exist in a containment hierarchy, where the
  immediately containing known location is known as the ''container'' of the location and the chain of successive
  containing locations is known as the ''container trail''. Generally the location's container corresponds to the first
  parent of its category. Note that some known locations belong to more than one immediate container; for example,
  Russia belongs to both Europe and Asia.

===More about placetypes===

# The following general categories of placetypes exist:
## ''Natural features'' such as lakes, mountains, mountain ranges, islands, archipelagoes, moons, stars, asteroids, etc.
## ''Continents'', ''supercontinents'' (groupings of continents where it makes sense, such as `America` and `Eurasia`)
   and ''continent-level regions'' (grouping of countries in a given continent, such as `Central America` and
   `Polynesia`).
## ''Political entities'', which are generally classified as either ''polities'' (top-level entities such as countries),
   ''subpolities'' or ''political divisions'' (non-sovereign divisions, often specifically ''administrative divisions'',
   of a polity, where an administrative division has a governmental or statistical function and almost always has
   unambiguously defined boundaries), or ''settlements'' (e.g. cities; towns; villages; and divisions of a city such as
   neighborhoods, wards, [[barrio]]s and [[barangay]]s, which may or may not be formal administrative divisions and
   may or may not have unambiguous boundaries).
## ''Geographic regions'', which refer to recognized areas of the Earth (either with a natural geographic, political or
   cultural significance, often of a historical nature). Such regions can be of greatly varying size, may exist either
   within a single country or spanning multiple countries or (more often) parts of multiple countries, and may not have
   well-defined boundaries. They should be distinguished from ''administrative regions'', which exist within a single
   country and have well-defined boundaries and a political or administrative function. Geographic regions are
   categorized using the generic term ''geographic and cultural areas'' to emphasize that (a) they have no
   administrative significance; (b) they may vary greatly in size; and (c) their cohesion is due either to natural
   geographic boundaries, such as rivers or mountain ranges, or to sharing some cultural characteristics.
## ''Man-made structures'' below the level of a settlement or neighborhood, such as airports, roads, individual
   buildings, and the like. (Note that such structures, even if named, often do not meet the [[WT:CFI]] criteria; this
   is particularly the case for roads.)
# Placetypes support aliases, and the mapping to canonical form happens early on in the processing. For example, `state`
  can be abbreviated as `s`; `administrative region` as `adr`; `regional county municipality` as `rcomun`; etc. Some
  placetype aliases handle alternative spellings rather than abbreviations. For example, `departmental capital` maps to
  `department capital`, and `home-rule city` maps to `home rule city`. Placetype abbreviations are particularly useful
  in holonym specs, because every holonym must be accompanied by its placetype, for disambiguation purposes.
# A ''placetype qualifier'' is an adjective prepended to the placetype to give additional information about the
  place being described. For example, a given place may be described as a `small city`; logically this is still a city,
  but the qualifier `small` gives additional information about the place. Multiple qualifiers can be stacked, e.g.
  `small affluent beachfront unincorporated community`, where `unincorporated community` is a recognized placetype and
  `small`, `affluent` and `beachfront` are qualifiers. (As shown here, it may not always be obvious where the qualifiers
  end and the placetype begins.) For the most part, placetype qualifiers do not affect categorization; a `small city`
  is still a city and an `affluent beachfront unincorporated community` is still an unincorporated community, and both
  should still be categorized as such. But some qualifiers do change the categorization. In particular, a
  `former province` is no longer a province and should not be categorized in e.g. [[:Category:Provinces of Italy]], but
  instead in a different set of categories, e.g. [[:Category:Historical political subdivisions]]. There are several
  terms treated as equivalent for this purpose: `abandoned` `ancient`, `extinct`, `historic(al)`, `medi(a)eval` and
  `traditional`. Another set of qualifiers that change categorization are `fictional` and `mythological`, which cause
  any term using the qualifier to be categorized respectively into [[:Category:Fictional locations]] and
  [[:Category:Mythological locations]].

===More about toponyms===

# Toponyms may be:
## ''simple'' (not including any containing location in its name, such as `Tucson`) or ''multipart'' (including one or
   more containing locations, such as `Tucson, Arizona` or `Tucson, USA` or even `Tucson, Arizona, USA`);
## ''bare'' (not including the word `the` if the location normally requires this article when following a preposition,
   such as `United States`, `Gambia` or 'Community of Madrid') or ''prefixed'' (including the word `the` as needed, such
   as `the United States`, `the Gambia` or `the Community of Madrid`);
## ''elliptical'' (just the placename without any disambiguating placetype, such as `Durham`, `New York` or `Mexico`) or
   ''full'' (containing a disambiguating placetype or similar identifier if one is commonly included, such as
   the city of `Durham` (in England) vs. its containing county `County Durham`; the US city `New York City` vs. its
   containing state `New York`; or the three-way distinction between `Mexico` (the country), `Mexico City` (the capital
   of this country) and `(the) State of Mexico` (one of the states of the country Mexico, mostly surrounding but not
   including Mexico City)).
# The ''canonical Wiktionary article'' is the main article on Wiktionary where a location is described. Canonical
  articles, per the above terminology, are generally ''simple'' and ''bare'', but may be either ''full'' or
  ''elliptical''. The fact that a given article is canonical is often identifiable by the fact that translations are
  housed there an not somewhere else. For example, most counties of the US and Canada include the word `County` in their
  canonical article name, but most counties elsewhere do not. `Washington, D.C.` is one of the few cases where a
  non-simple toponym is used as the canonical article; this is based on common usage, especially by residents of the
  city in question (who commonly refer to it as &quot;D.C.&quot; but rarely just as &quot;Washington&quot;).

===More about known locations===

# The following types of known locations are defined in this module:
## Continents, supercontinents and continent-level regions, into which countries are grouped. Specifically:
### At the top level below `Earth` are the supercontinents `America` and `Eurasia` and the continents `Africa`,
	`Oceania` and `Antartica`.
### `America` is further broken down into the continents `North America` (in turn containing the continental regions
	`Central America` and `Caribbean`, with the United States, Canada and Mexico directly under North America) and
	`South America`.
### `Eurasia` is further broken down into the continents `Europe` and `Asia`.
### `Oceania` is further broken down into the continental regions `Melanesia`, `Micronesia` and `Polynesia`, with
	Australia` directly under `Oceania.
### Under the above-specified divisions are countries. Some countries are placed in more than one continent or
	continent-level region, either because they actually span two continents (e.g. Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Egypt) or
	because they are politically considered to belong to a continent different from the one they are geographically in
	(Cyprus, Georgia, Armenia, etc.).
## Political entities, including:
### Top-level political entities, which includes:
#### Countries, with a fairly liberal definition, notably including all UN-recognized countries plus some others that
	 are commonly considered countries, even if not all other countries recognize them as such or consider them
	 completely independent (notably, Kosovo, Palestine, Taiwan, Western Sahara, Niue and the Cook Islands).
#### Pseudo-countries, which include areas calling themselves countries that are de-facto not under the control of the
	 country that they are internationally considered part of (e.g. Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria);
	 dependent/external/etc. territories of countries (e.g. American Samoa [US], Bermuda [UK], Christmas Island
	 [Australia], Easter Island [Chile]); constituent countries, autonomous territories and the like (Aruba, Curaçao and
	 Sint Maarten of the Netherlands; Greenland and the Faroe Islands of Denmark; etc.; but notably not including
	 England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, which are treated as regular countries); and a grab bag of other
	 entities that have a semi-independent existence, such as Hong Kong, Macau, Guadeloupe, Martinique and the like.
	 Currently, the actual distinction in treatment between &quot;countries&quot; and &quot;country-like entities&quot; is minimal, but in
	 the future we might restrict the sorts of subcategories of country-like entities more than regular countries.
#### Former countries, e.g. the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, West Germany and the Roman Empire. These are much more limited
	 in the sorts of subcategories allowed, because generally locations, especially cities, should be described from the
	 perspective of which political entity they are currently located in (e.g. &quot;an ancient Roman town in modern Syria&quot;)
	 and categorized as such.
### Subpolities. Generally we only list top-level administrative divisions of countries (and only fairly major countries
	are usually included), but sometimes we list second-level administrative divisions, as in the case of the
	United Kingdom (where the top-level administrative divisions of the four constituent countries are listed) and China
	(where major prefecture-level cities are listed, and are considered administrative divisions rather than cities).
### Cities. Only major cities get categories, with the definition of &quot;major&quot; varying by country but often including
	those where the city population itself (sometimes the metro area) is &gt;= 1,000,000 people.
# A distinction should be made in the {{tl|place}} modules between ''keys'' and ''placenames''. Placenames are as the
  location appears in a holonym, and are generally in the same format as the canonical Wiktionary article describing the
  location so that when formatted as a link, the link goes to the right article; i.e. they are simple and bare, and may
  be full or elliptical according to Wiktionary conventions. The ''canonical key'' of a location is how the location's
  category is named, and always uniquely identifies the location from among the known locations in this module (but
  not necessarily among all possible locations). In particular, subpolities usually have multipart keys that include the
  containing location, such as `Anhui, China` (not just `Anhui`); `Arizona, USA` (not just `Arizona`, and also not
  `Arizona, United States`); and `Herefordshire, England` (not just `Herefordshire`, and also in this case not
  `Herefordshire, UK` or `Herefordshire, England, UK` or any other possible variation). Cities are normally simple, but
  some cities are multipart for disambiguation purposes (e.g. `Newcastle, New South Wales` for the city in Australia vs.
  `Newcastle upon Tyne` for the identically-named city in England). Canonical keys may have ''key aliases'', other
  ways of referring to the location that are not necessarily unique (e.g. `Newcastle` is a key alias for both of the
  above-mentioned cities), and city keys with diacritics generally have diacriticless aliases, such as canonical key
  `Düsseldorf` vs. key alias `Dusseldorf`, or canonical key `Łódź` vs. key alias `Lodz`.
# Known locations are gathered into ''groups'' with similar properties, such as all the states of the United States;
  all the (ceremonial) counties of England (see below); and all the &quot;sufficiently major&quot; prefecture-level cities in
  China (where a prefecture-level city is a prefecture surrounding a major city with a unified government and is more
  like a prefecture, i.e. a major administrative division just underneath a province, than like a city, and where
  &quot;sufficiently major&quot; is defined according to the population of either the total prefecture or the urban area of the
  city). Note that there are multiple types of counties in England, with overlapping but non-identical names and
  boundaries; there are, in particular, ''ceremonial counties'', ''local government counties'' and ''historic
  counties''; ''ceremonial counties'' have only ceremonial administrative functionality but unlike local government
  counties (a) don't frequently change their boundaries or nature, (b) correspond more closely to historic county
  boundaries and names, and (c) are what Englanders usually identify themselves with, and so they are used as top-level
  divisions rather than local government counties.
# Some known locations have ''aliases'' defined, which are of two types. ''Display aliases'' map holonyms to their
  canonical form near the beginning of processing (in particular before the displayed output is formatted). For example,
  `US`, `U.S.`, `USA`, `U.S.A.` and `United States of America` are all canonicalized to `United States` (if identified
  as a country), and display as `United States`. Similarly, the foreign forms `Occitanie` (as a region or administrative
  region) and `Noord-Brabant` (as a province) are mapped to `Occitania` and `North Brabant` for display purposes. There
  are also ''category aliases'', so that if e.g. `Republic of Macedonia` is encountered, it will display as such but
  categorize as `North Macedonia`. (This is because, among other reasons, `Republic of Macedonia` is normally preceded
  by `&quot;the&quot;` while `North Macedonia` is not, so a call {{tl|place|en|a &lt;&lt;city&gt;&gt; in the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}}
  would look wrong if `Republic of Macedonia` were converted to `North Macedonia` during display, as the result would be
  `a city in the North Macedonia`. There are also frequently political connotations to different category aliases, e.g.
  `Burma` vs. `Myanmar`.) All of these aliases are sensitive to the placetype specified. For example, `Mexico` as a
  state is categorized under `State of Mexico, Mexico` but `Mexico` the country is categorized as just `Mexico`.

===Categories===

There are two main types of categories:
# Categories for known locations, divided into:
## Top-level polity categories (e.g. [[:Category:United States]], [[:Category:Taiwan]], [[:Category:South Ossetia]],
  [[:Category:Bermuda]], [[:Category:Soviet Union]], [[:Category:West Germany]]).
## Subpolity categories ([[:Category:Arizona, USA]], [[:Category:Hunan]], [[:Category:Kagoshima Prefecture]],
  [[:Category:Cluj County, Romania]]). For historical reasons, different formats are used for the subpolities of
  different polities. Increasingly, we are moving towards always including the polity name in the subpolity category,
  but whether the subpolity type is included and where it is included (cf. [[:Category:Cluj County, Romania]] vs.
  [[:Category:County Cork, Ireland]] is still inconsistent and will probably remain that way, based on how the
  subpolity is normally referred to.
## City categories ([[:Category:Tokyo]], [[:Category:New York City]], [[:Category:Jaipur]]). Normally these do not
   include the containing subpolity, but may do so in order to disambiguate.
# Categories for placetypes, divided into:
## &quot;Immediate&quot; political and non-political division categories ([[:Category:States of the United States]],
   [[:Category:Municipalities of Tocantins, Brazil]], [[:Category:Ghost towns in Arizona, USA]]). These are name
   categories, whose purpose is to contain locations of the specified type. &quot;Immediate&quot; here refers to the fact that
   the location in the category name is the immediately-containing polity. Usually these categories use the preposition
   &quot;of&quot;, but sometimes &quot;in&quot;. (Specifically, &quot;of&quot; typically implies that the placetype in question has an official or
   semi-official status, whereas &quot;in&quot; implies there is no such official status, but common usage may override this.)
   The form of the toponym appearing in these categories is always the same as that of the corresponding toponym
   category except that the word &quot;the&quot; may appear (e.g. [[:Category:States of the United States]]), whereas it doesn't
   appear in the toponym category itself ([[:Category:United States]], no &quot;the&quot;).
## &quot;Skip-polity&quot; categories for second-level political and non-political divisions of a country or other top-level
   polity (e.g. [[:Category:Counties of the United States]], [[:Category:Municipalities of Brazil]] and
   [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]]). These have several purposes:
   * They group the immediate division categories mentioned previously.
   * They categorize &quot;straggler&quot; topoynms that (often improperly) fail to mention the subpolity they belong to, but
     only the top-level polity.
   * If categories do not exist for the first-level divisions of a country (and sometimes even when they do), they group
     all toponyms of the specified type for the specified country. For example, Lithuania is divided into first-level
	 counties and second-level municipalities, but since we don't currently have categories for Lithuanian counties,
	 all municipalities go under [[:Category:Municipalities of Lithuania]] rather than under a category for a specific
	 county. In addition, even though we do have categories for Japanese prefectures (a first-level division), all
	 subprefectures (a second-level division) go under [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]] because there aren't very
	 many of them (see below).
## &quot;Generic placetype&quot; categories, both of the immediate and skip-polity type (immediate
   [[:Category:Cities in California, USA]] and [[:Category:Neighborhoods of the Bronx]]; skip-polity
   [[:Category:Villages in Ivory Coast]], [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]],
   [[:Category:Rivers in Egypt]] and [[:Category:Places in the Philippines]]). As mentioned above, &quot;generic&quot; placetypes
   occur in every polity (although the set of generic placetypes allowed for cities is a subset of those allowed for
   top-level polities and subpolities). Usually these categories use the preposition &quot;in&quot;, but sometimes &quot;of&quot;. As above,
   skip-polity categories group immediate categories, and in addition there are various reasons a toponym entry is
   categorized into a skip-polity category. (For example, as a general rule, geographic and cultural areas only
   categorize at the country level, not the subpolity level, both because there often aren't very many in a given
   country and because they often span multiple subpolities.)

The parent categories of a given category depend on its type. Generally, location categories have placetype categories
as their first parent, and vice-versa. Specifically:
# Top-level country categories have as their parent e.g. [[:Category:Countries in Europe]],
  [[:Category:Countries in Central America]] or [[:Category:Countries in Polynesia]], using the most specific
  continental-level region the country is contained in.
# Pseudo-countries are under [[:Category:Country-like entities]] as a neutral designation. There aren't enough of them
  to subcategorize under continent-level regions.
# Former countries are under [[:Category:Former countries and country-like entities]].
# Subpolity categories are usually under a placetype category whose placetype is the canonical (first-listed) placetype
  of the subpolity and whose toponym is the immediately containing polity, but there are exceptions. Specifically,
  sometimes if a polity has multiple types of subpolities, they are combined (e.g. [[:Category:States and territories of
  Australia]], [[:Category:Federal subjects of Russia]]). In addition, sometimes a less specific but more identifiable
  placetype is used instead of the canonical one (e.g. [[:Category:Regions of France]] when the canonical placetype is
  &quot;administrative region&quot;). The same rules and exceptions generally apply when categorizing subpolities themselves; e.g.
  both the Australian state of Queensland and territory of Northern Territory go under
  [[:Category:en:States and territories of Australia]] rather than separately under [[:Category:en:States of Australia]]
  and [[:Category:en:Territories of Australia]]. In addition, sometimes subpolities may &quot;skip a level&quot; if there aren't
  very many. For example, there are only 26 subprefectures of Japan (14 under Hokkaido and 12 more scattered under five
  other prefectures). Rather than have e.g. [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Kagoshima Prefecture]] containing at most
  two entries and [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Miyazaki Prefecture]] containing at most one, they are all grouped
  under the so-called &quot;skip-subpolity category&quot; [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Japan]].
# City categories are always under e.g. [[:Category:Cities in the United States]] (e.g. [[:Category:New York City]] is
  so-placed, even though [[:Category:Cities in New York, USA]] exists). However, they may have a second, more-specific
  parent (e.g. [[:Category:Cities in New York, USA]] in the case of New York City). The city entries themselves will
  go under the more specific parent if it exists.
# Immediate placetype categories for second-level divisions of a country generally have, respectively, a
  &quot;toponym parent&quot; that is the toponym mentioned in the category and a &quot;skip-polity parent&quot; that groups all subpolity
  placetype categories of a specific type and containing polity. For example, [[:Category:Counties of Arizona, USA]] has
  toponym parent [[:Category:en:Arizona, USA]] and skip-polity parent [[:Category:en:Counties of the United States]].
  Sometimes the default skip-polity parent is overridden or disabled entirely. For example, in the US, most states are
  divided into counties but Louisiana is divided into parishes and Alaska into boroughs. It would make no sense to put
  [[:Category:Parishes of Louisiana, USA]] under [[:Category:Parishes of the United States]] (which would only have one
  subcategory), so we include them under [[:Category:Counties of the United States]]. An alternative would be to name
  the skip-polity category to explicitly include parishes and boroughs; this would get awkward here but is done in some
  cases. Similarly, [[:Category:Regional county municipalities of Quebec]] is placed under
  [[:Category:Regional municipalities of Canada]] since that name is used in other provinces. Meanwhile,
  [[:Category:Regional districts of British Columbia]] disables its skip-polity category since no other province or
  territory of Canada has regional districts or comparable subpolities under a different name (an alternative would be
  to place them under [[:Category:Counties of Canada]], since they are sort of comparable to counties).
# Placetype categories for first-level divisions of a country similarly (e.g. [[:Category:States of the United States]])
  have a toponym parent (in this case [[:Category:United States]]), but in place of the skip-polity parent they have two
  other parents: a &quot;bare placetype&quot; parent (in this case [[:Category:States]]) and the &quot;generic&quot; parent
  [[:Category:Political divisions of specific countries]]. (There is also a bare [[:Category:Political divisions]]
  that groups &quot;bare placetype&quot; categories.) Skip-polity placetype categories for second-level divisions of a country
  (e.g. [[:Category:Counties of the United States]]) work the same. Placetype categories for countries work likewise
  except they are missing the generic parent.

===Place descriptions===

A given place description is defined internally in a table of the following form:

```{
  placetypes = {&quot;``placetype``&quot;, &quot;``placetype``&quot;, ...},
  holonyms = {
	{ -- holonym object; see below
	  placetype = &quot;``placetype``&quot; or nil,
	  display_placename = &quot;``placename``&quot;,
	  unlinked_placename = &quot;``placename``&quot;,
	  langcode = &quot;``langcode``&quot; or nil,
	  no_display = BOOLEAN,
	  needs_article = BOOLEAN,
	  force_the = BOOLEAN,
	  affix_type = &quot;``affix_type``&quot; or nil,
	  pluralize_affix = BOOLEAN,
	  suppress_affix = BOOLEAN,
	  continue_cat_loop = BOOLEAN,
	},
	...
  },
  order = { ``order_item``, ``order_item``, ... }, -- (only for new-style place descriptions),
  joiner = &quot;``joiner_string``&quot; or nil,
  holonyms_by_placetype = {
	``holonym_placetype`` = {&quot;``placename``&quot;, &quot;``placename``&quot;, ...},
	``holonym_placetype`` = {&quot;``placename``&quot;, &quot;``placename``&quot;, ...},
	...
  },
}```

Holonym objects have the following fields:
* `placetype`: The canonicalized placetype if specified as e.g. `c/Australia`; nil if no slash is present (in which case
			   the placename in `display_placename` refers to raw text).
* `display_placename`: The placename or raw text, in the format to be displayed. Placename display aliases have already
					   been resolved. It is raw text if `placetype` is nil.
* `unlinked_placename`: Same as `display_placename` but with links and HTML removed.
* `langcode`: The language code prefix if specified as e.g. `c/fr:Australie`; otherwise nil.
* `no_display`: If true (holonym prefixed with !), don't display the holonym but use it for categorization.
* `needs_article`: If true, prepend an article if the placename needs one (e.g. `United States`).
* `force_the`: If true, always prepend the article `the`. Example use: holoynm 'city:pref:the/Gold Coast', which gets
			   formatted as `(the) city of the [[Gold Coast]]`.
* `affix_type`: Type of affix to prepend (values `pref` or `Pref`) or append (values `suf` or `Suf`). The actual affix
				added is the placetype (capitalized if values `Pref` or `Suf` are given), or its plural if
				`pluralize_affix` is given. Note that some placetypes (e.g. `district` and `department`) have inherent
				affixes displayed after (or sometimes before) them.
* `pluralize_affix`: Pluralize any displayed affix. Used for holonyms like `c:pref/Canada,US`, which displays as
					 `the countries of Canada and the United States`.
* `suppress_affix`: Don't display any affix even if the placetype has an inherent affix. Used for the non-last
					placenames when there are multiple and a suffix is present, and for the non-first placenames when
					there are multiple and a prefix is present.
* `continue_cat_loop`: If true (holonym used :also), continue producing categories starting with this holonym when
					   preceding holonyms generated categories.

Note that new-style place descs (those specified as a single argument using &lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt; to denote placetypes, placetype
qualifiers and holonyms) have an additional `order` field to properly capture the raw text surrounding the items
denoted in double angle brackets. The ``order_item`` items in the `order` field are objects of the following form:

```{
  type = &quot;``order_type``&quot;,
  value = &quot;STRING&quot; or INDEX,
}```

Here, the ``order_type`` is one of `&quot;raw&quot;`, `&quot;qualifier&quot;`, `&quot;placetype&quot;` or `&quot;holonym&quot;`:
* `&quot;raw&quot;` is used for raw text surrounding `&lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt;` specs.
* `&quot;qualifier&quot;` is used for `&lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt;` specs without slashes in them that consist only of qualifiers (e.g. the spec
  `&lt;&lt;former&gt;&gt;` in `&lt;&lt;former&gt;&gt; French &lt;&lt;colony&gt;&gt;`).
* `&quot;placetype&quot;` is used for `&lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt;` `specs without slashes that do not consist only of qualifiers.
* `&quot;holonym&quot;` is used for holonyms, i.e. `&lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt;` specs with a slash in them.
For all types but `&quot;holonym&quot;`, the value is a string, specifying the text in question. For `&quot;holonym&quot;`, the value is a
numeric index into the `holonyms` field.

It should be noted that placetypes and placenames occurring inside the holonyms structure are canonicalized, but
placetypes inside the placetypes structure are as specified by the user. Stripping off of qualifiers and
canonicalization of qualifiers and bare placetypes happens later.

The information under `holonyms_by_placetype` is redundant to the information in holonyms but makes categorization
easier. The holonym placenames listed here already have category aliases applied.

For example, the call {{tl|place|en|city|s/Pennsylvania|c/US}} will result in the return value

```{
  placetypes = {&quot;city&quot;},
  holonyms = {
	{ placetype = &quot;state&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot; },
	{ placetype = &quot;country&quot;, display_placename = &quot;United States&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;United States&quot; },
  },
  holonyms_by_placetype = {
	state = {&quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
	country = {&quot;United States&quot;},
  },
}```

Here, the placetype aliases `s` and `c` have been expanded into `state` and `country` respectively, and the placename
display alias `US` has been expanded into `United States`. PLACETYPES is a list because there may be more than one. For
example, the call {{tl|place|en|city/and/municipality|p/[[Kwango]] Province|c/Congo}} will result in the return value

```
{
  placetypes = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;และ&quot;, &quot;municipality&quot;},
  holonyms = {
	{ placetype = &quot;province&quot;, display_placename = &quot;[[Kwango]] Province&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Kwango Province&quot; },
	{ placetype = &quot;country&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Congo&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Congo&quot; },
  },
  holonyms_by_placetype = {
	country = {&quot;Congo&quot;},
  },
}```

Here, the `unlinked_placename` field has removed links from `display_placename`.

The value in the key/value pairs is likewise a list; e.g. the call {{tl|place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri}} will
return

```
{
  placetypes = {&quot;city&quot;},
  holonyms = {
	{ placetype = &quot;state&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Kansas&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Kansas&quot; },
	{ display_placename = &quot;และ&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;และ&quot; },
	{ placetype = &quot;state&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Missouri&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Missouri&quot; },
  },
  holonyms_by_placetype = {
	state = {&quot;Kansas&quot;, &quot;Missouri&quot;},
  },
}
```

Note that in `get_cats()` (which runs after the display form has been generated), further changes to the holonym
structure are made to aid in categorization. For example, after `handle_category_implications()` and
`augment_holonyms_with_container()` are called, the above structure will look more like

```
{
  placetypes = {&quot;city&quot;},
  holonyms = {
	{ placetype = &quot;state&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Kansas&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Kansas&quot; },
	{ placetype = &quot;country&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;United States&quot; },
	{ display_placename = &quot;และ&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;และ&quot; },
	{ placetype = &quot;state&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Missouri&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Missouri&quot; },
	{ placetype = &quot;country&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;United States&quot; },
  },
  holonyms_by_placetype = {
	state = {&quot;Kansas&quot;, &quot;Missouri&quot;},
	country = {&quot;United States&quot;}
  },
}
```

===Overall place specs===

The overall place spec parsed by `parse_overall_place_spec` has the following fields:
* `lang`: The language object (from {{para|1}}).
* `args`: The parsed arguments from the {{tl|place}} call.
* `directives`: List of form-of directives (starting with `@`) parsed from the numeric args beginning with {{para|2}}.
	Each directive contains fields `directive` (the directive as specified by the user, e.g. `&quot;former name of&quot;`);
	`terms` (list of term objects for the terms specified by the user); `conj` (conjunction specified by the user using
	inline modifier `&lt;conj:...&gt;`, or {nil}); `spec` (the corresponding directive spec from `all_form_of_directives`);
	`pretext` (the text to display directly before the directive); `posttext` (the text to display directly after the
	directive; {nil} except for the last directive).
* `descs`: List of one or more place description objects parsed from the numeric args beginning with {{para|2}}, as
	described above.
* `extra_info`: List of extra-info objects for extra info specified using arguments such as {{para|capital}},
	{{para|modern}}, etc. Objects are in the order they should be displayed, and each object contains fields `spec` (the
	spec for the type of extra info, taken from `export.extra_info_args`), `terms` (list of term objects for the terms
	specified by the user); and `conj` (conjunction specified by the user using inline modifier `&lt;conj:...&gt;`, or {nil}).

===Category determination===

The algorithm to find the categories to which a given place belongs works off of a place description (which specifies
the entry placetype(s) and holonym(s); see above). If there are multiple place descriptions, each is processed
independently to generate categories. Likewise, if there are multiple entry placetypes in a given place description,
each is processed independently with all the holonyms of the description to generate categories. Furthermore, before
the category-generation algorithm runs, earlier steps have modified the holonyms of the place description (inserting
containing polities whenever possible; see the description above of `handle_category_implications()` and
`augment_holonyms_with_container()`).

Given a single entry placetype and a place description, the algorithm to generate categories processes holonyms from
left to right until it finds one that &quot;matches&quot; in that it produces one or more categories. At that point it attempts
to generate categories for all other holonyms in the place description of the same placetype. Normally, it then stops
processing holonyms, but if a holonym is marked using the `:also` modifier, the category generation process starts over
starting with that holonym (or the leftmost such remaining holonym, if there is more than one marked with `:also`).
This makes it possible, for example, to specify the description of a river that passes through two different types of
political divisions (e.g. Alberta and the Northwest Territories), or categorize a geographic region at both the
continent and country level, such as this:

&lt;pre&gt;
{{place|en|historical region|r/Eastern Europe|located in southeastern|c:also/Poland|*and western|c/Ukraine}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Here, `r/Eastern Europe` has a category implication that adds `cont/Europe` as a holonym directly after it, which
causes the page to be categorized into [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Europe]]. The category generation
process would normally stop at this point, but the presence of `:also` causes it to restart with `c/Poland` and
generate the category [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Poland]]. After doing this, it looks for other
holonyms of the same placetype as `c/Poland` (i.e. other countries), which causes it to process `c/Ukraine` and generate
the category [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Ukraine]].

The category generation process works off of the `placetype_data` table, which specifies various properties for
placetypes, such as how to display a holonym of that placetype as well as how to categorize certain pages where the
{{tl|place}} call contains the specified placetype as an entry placetype. For example, the entry for `city-state` in
[[Module:place/placetypes]] might look like

```
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities&quot;, &quot;Countries&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities&quot;, &quot;Countries&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
```

Here, the keys specify, respectively:
# If `city-state` occurs as an entry placetype, link it to the corresponding Wiktionary entry (that is what `true` means
  in `link = true`).
# Use the specified `category_link` text for categories such as [[:Category:City-states]].
# City-states are &quot;city-like&quot;, i.e. they have neighborhoods; this controls the handling of entry placetypes such as
  `neighborhood`, `district`, `area`, etc.
# City-states should be treated as settlements for determining how to handle the placetype `former city-state` and for
  categorizing the bare category [[:Category:City-states]] and language-specific equivalents such as
  [[:Category:en:City-states]].
# When the entry placetype `city-state` occurs along with a continent holonym, categorize into the specified categories
  under `continent/*`. Here, `+++` stands for the holonym in question.
# When the entry placetype `city-state` occurs in any other context, categorize into the specified categories under
  `default`.

It's important to realize that the only categorization keys under a given placetype entry that are specified
explicitly in [[Module:place/placetypes]] are certain wildcard keys such as `continent/*` above (i.e. containing a slash
followed by `*`) and under the key `default`. All the remaining categorization happens through category handlers, based
on the information on known locations in [[Module:place/locations]]. For example, [[Module:place/locations]] has an
&quot;England group&quot; specified similarly to the following:

```
export.england_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;county&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		&quot;civil parishes&quot;,
	},
	default_british_spelling = true,
	data = export.england_counties,
}
```

The `default_divs` key here specifies the divisions that exist for each of the counties listed under the `data` key
(unless the key overrides them). Here, the entry `{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}}` directs the
category handler `political_division_cat_handler` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] (which is one of two category handlers
that run for all entry placetypes, along with `generic_place_cat_handler`) to categorize boroughs specified under any of
the counties listed under `data` as both districts and boroughs.

Now, the categorization process proceeds as follows, given an entry placetype and place description, which specifies a
set of holonyms (the code to do this is in `get_placetype_cats()`):
# First, look up the entry placetype and any equivalent placetypes in `placetype_data`, which is defined in
  [[Module:place/placetypes]]. Note that the entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the placetype information that is
  used to determine the category or categories may not directly correspond to the entry placetype as specified in the
  place description. For example, if the entry placetype is `small town`, the placetype whose data is fetched will be
  `town` since `small` is a recognized qualifier and there is no entry in `placetype_data` for `small town`. As another
  example, if the entry placetype is `administrative capital`, the code will first look up `administrative capital` and
  then look up `capital city`, which is where the category handler is found, because `administrative capital` specifies
  `capital city` as its fallback.
# Then, iterate over holonyms from left to right, as described above. For each holonym, we proceed as follows:
## First, call `political_division_cat_handler` to check if the entry placetype and holonym match a division in the
   `locations` data in [[Module:place/locations]], as in the example above. Note that when doing this, holonyms are
   canonicalized so that e.g. `co/Bedfordshire` gets mapped to `county/Bedfordshire` (because there is an entry in
   `placetype_aliases` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] that maps `co` to `county`) and `c/USA` gets mapped to
   `country/United States` (because there is an entry in the location data for the list of countries that maps
   `country/USA` to `country/United States` for both display and categorization purposes). This category handler, as
   with all such handlers, is passed the entry placetype and holonym being processed, but is also passed the entire
   place description, so it can look at other specified holonyms (particularly those that follow). It either returns
   {nil} or a list of category specs (which are the actual categories minus the preceding language code).
## If `political_division_cat_handler` doesn't generate any categories, check if there is a category handler defined
   using the `cat_handler` key for the entry placetype. If so, call it to generate the categories (if any).
## If the category handler returns {nil}, or there is no category handler, look for a ''wildcard key'' of the format
   e.g. `country/*`, which matches any holonym of placetype `country`. If found, the value is a list of category specs,
   which are processed as above.
## If we get this far without generating any categories, move to the next holonym.
## If we do generate any categories, process all other holonyms of the same placetype. For example, if the user says
   {{tl|place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri}}, when we get to the holonym `s/Kansas`, we generate the category
   [[:Category:en:Cities in Kansas, USA]]. This causes us to look for other holonyms of the same placetype `state`,
   and process them accordingly, generating a category [[:Category:en:Cities in Missouri, USA]] as well. The same thing
   happens in an invocation like {{tl|place|pl|river|c/Poland,Ukraine,Belarus}}.
# Once we generate categories for a holonym and any other holonyms of the same placetype, we normally stop processing
  holonyms. But if a holonym has the `:also` modifier, we restart the left-to-right loop at that holonym. For example,
  in the invocation {{tl|place|en|river|flowing through|p/Alberta|p/British Columbia|and the|terr/Northwest Territories}},
  we will generate a category [[:Category:en:Rivers in Alberta, Canada]] as well as
  [[:Category:en:Rivers in British Columbia, Canada]] (because British Columbia is of the same placetype as Alberta);
  but no category will be generated for the Northwest Territories, which is of a different placetype. To fix this, write
  {{tl|place|en|river|flowing through|p/Alberta|p/British Columbia|and the|terr:also/Northwest Territories}}. The use
  of `:also` will cause holonym processing to resume at `Northwest Territories` after `Alberta` is processed, leading to
  an additional category [[:Category:en:Rivers in the Northwest Territories, Canada]]. (The presence of `the` in this
  last category is because `Northwest Territories` is a known location with a spec indicating that it should be preceded
  by `the`; it has nothing to do with the raw text `and the` in the invocation.)
# Finally, if we process all holonyms and don't end up producing any categories, we check the entry placetype's data for
  a `default` key. If found, it lists category specs, which are processed to generate categories. This is used, for
  example, in the placetype `city-state`, as described above.
# It should be noted that the above process runs independently for each combination of entry placetype and place
  description. Thus, for example, an invocation {{tl|place|en|city/and/county|s/Kansas,Missouri|c/USA}} will generate
  categories for both cities and counties in both Kansas and Missouri.
# Two additional sources of categories are ''bare location'' categories and ''generic place'' categories. These
  categories are added by appropriate calls in the outer function `get_cats`, which iterates over placetypes and place
  descriptions, calling `get_placetype_cats` on each combination.
## Bare location categories are categories like [[:Category:Arizona, USA]] that are related-to categories containing
   terms related to the specified location. The bare location code, for example, adds the term [[Arizona]], and its
   equivalents in other languages, to [[:Category:Arizona, USA]]. When looking for terms to consider, it checks the
   pagename, the glosses specified using {{para|t}}, and the terms specified using {{para|modern}}, {{para|short}} and
   {{para|full}}. It looks to see if any of these parameters match any known locations, but only adds them to a bare
   location category if (a) the specified entry placetype matches, so that for example Russian `[[Джорджия]]` goes into
   [[:Category:Georgia, USA]] while `[[Грузия]]` goes into [[:Category:Georgia]] (the country), even though both have a
   gloss `Georgia`; and (b) there are no conflicting holonyms, so that for example the Old English term [[Munucceaster]]
   if defined similarly to {{tl|place|ang|city|in modern|cc/England|t=Newcastle}} won't get added to
   [[:Category:Newcastle, New South Wales]] (even though it is also a city) because the latter city is known to be in
   Australia, which conflicts with the country `United Kingdom` (added internally to the Old English place description
   through the holonym augmentation process, based on the holonym `cc/England`).
## Generic place categories are categories like [[:Category:Places in Kansas, USA]] and [[:Category:Places in England]]
   that contain places of arbitrary placetype. These are added through a special category handler that operates like
   other category handlers but is run for all placetypes, rather than only for the specified one(s).
]==]

--[=[
TODO/FIXME:

1. [DONE] Neighborhoods should categorize at the city level. Categories like [[:Category:Places in Los Angeles]] exist
   but not [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Los Angeles]]; we can refactor the code in generic_cat_handler() to support this
   use case.
2. Display handlers should be smarter. For example, 'co/Travis' as a holonym should display as 'Travis County' in the
   United States, but (I think) display handlers don't currently have the full context of holonyms passed in to allow
   this to happen.
3. Connected to this, we have various display handlers that add the name of the holonym after or (sometimes) before the
   placename if it's not already there. An example is the county_display_handler() in [[Module:place/placetypes]], which
   adds &quot;County&quot; before Ireland and Northern Ireland counties and after Taiwan and Romania counties. This should be
   integrated into the polity group for these respective polities through a setting rather than requiring a separate
   handler that has special casing for various polities.
4. Placetypes for toponyms should also have display handlers rather than just fixed text. This should allow us to
   dispense with the need for special types for &quot;fpref&quot; = &quot;French prefecture&quot; (which displays as &quot;prefecture&quot; but links
   to the appropriate Wikipedia article on Frenc prefectures, which are completely different from the more general
   concept of prefecture). Similarly for &quot;Polish colony&quot; and &quot;Welsh community&quot;. (&quot;Israeli settlement&quot; should probably
   stay as-is because it displays as &quot;Israeli settlement&quot; not just &quot;settlement&quot;.)
5. [DONE] Currently, categories for e.g. states and territories of Australia go into
   [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]] but terms for states and territories of Australia go into
   (respectively) [[:Category:States of Australia]] and [[:Category:Territories of Australia]]. We should fix this;
   maybe this is as easy as setting cat_as in the respective divs definitions.
6. Probably cat_as should support raw categories as well as category types; raw categories would be indicated by being
   prefixed with &quot;Category:&quot;.
7. [MOSTLY DONE] Update documentation.
8. [DONE] Rename remaining political division categories to include name of country in them.
9. [DONE] Add Pakistan provinces and territories.
10. [DONE] Add a polity group for continents and continent-level regions instead of special-casing. This should make it
    possible e.g. to have Jerusalem as a city under &quot;Asia&quot;.
11. [DONE] Add better handling of cities that are their own states, like Mexico City.
12. [DONE] Breadcrumb for e.g. [[Category:Aguascalientes, Mexico]] is &quot;Aguascalientes, Mexico&quot; instead of just
    &quot;Aguascalientes&quot;.
13. [DONE] Unify aliasing system; cities have a completely different mechanism (alias_of) vs. polities/subpolities
	(which use`placename_cat_aliases` and `placename_display_aliases` in [[Module:place/placetypes]]).
14. [DONE] More generally, cities should be unified into the polity grouping system to the extent possible; this would
	allow for divs of cities (see #17 below).
15. [DONE] We have `no_containing_polity_cat` set for Lebanon, Malta and Saudi Arabia to prevent country-level
	implications from being added due to generically-named divisions like &quot;North Governorate&quot;, &quot;Central Region&quot; and
	&quot;Eastern Province&quot; but (a) this setting seems to do multiple things and should be split, (b) it should be possible
	to set this at the division level instead of the country level.
16. Split out the data from the handlers so we can use loadData() on the data because it's becoming very big.
17. [DONE] Cities like Tokyo have special wards; &quot;prefecture-level cities&quot; like Wuhan (which aren't really cities but we
	treat them as such) have districts, subdistricts, etc. We need to support divs for cities and even named divisions
	of cities (such as we already have for boroughs of New York City).
18. [DONE] It should be allowed to set 'true' to any qualifier (which links it) and have it work correctly; qualifier lookup
    in [[Module:place]] needs to remove links first.
19. [DONE] Categories 'Historical polities' and 'Historical political subdivisions' should be renamed 'Former ...' since
    &quot;historic(al)&quot; is ambiguous (cf. &quot;historic counties&quot; in England which are not former, but still have a legal
	definition).
20. [PARTLY DONE; SUPPORT IS THERE BUT FORMER PROVINCES NOT YET CATEGORIZED] It should be possible to categorize former
	subpolities of certain polities; cf. [[:Category:ja:Provinces of Japan]], which contains former provinces.
21. [DONE] In subpolity_keydesc(), we need to generate the correct indefinite article and have a huge hack to check
	specifically for &quot;union territory&quot;, which is the only placetype that shows up in this function where the default
	indefinite article generating function fails. To fix this properly, we need to separate out the non-category
	placetype data from `cat_data` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] and move it to [[Module:place/locations]], because we
	don't have access to the data in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and that data indicates the correct article for
	placetypes like &quot;union territory&quot;.
22. [DONE] Simplify the specs in `cat_data`, eliminating the distinction between &quot;inner&quot; and &quot;outer&quot; matching. There
	should not be two levels, just one. For example, in &quot;district&quot;, instead of
		[&quot;country/Portugal&quot;] = {
			[&quot;itself&quot;] = {&quot;Districts and autonomous regions of +++&quot;},
		}
	we should just have
		[&quot;country/Portugal&quot;] = {&quot;Districts and autonomous regions of +++&quot;},
	And in &quot;dependent territory&quot;, instead of
		[&quot;default&quot;] = {
			[&quot;itself&quot;] = {true},
			[&quot;country&quot;] = {true},
		},
	we should just have
		[&quot;itself&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
	It appears the only remaining spec that can't be easily converted in this fashion is for &quot;subdistrict&quot;:
		[&quot;country/Indonesia&quot;] = {
			[&quot;municipality&quot;] = {true},
		},
	This seems to be specifically for Jakarta and doesn't seem to work anyway, as the two entries in
	[[:Category:en:Subdistricts of Jakarta]] and the one entry in [[:Category:id:Subdistricts of Jakarta]] are manually
	categorized.
23. [DONE] Consolidate the remaining stuff in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Earth]] into
	[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
24. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` that categorizes into `Places in FOO` is smart enough not to categorize cities that
	are in different polities from the specified containing polity/polities of the city, but doesn't do the same for
    larger-level divisions. Likewise for the `city_type_cat_handler`. There are some sufficiently generically-named
    divisions that this issue can occur; for example, [[Koforidua]], the capital city of Eastern Region, Ghana, is
    incorrectly categorized under [[:Category:en:Cities in Eastern Region, Malta]] and
    [[:Category:en:Places in Eastern Region, Malta]]. Note that the function `augment_holonyms_with_container`
    ''DOES'' do such checks, so we should be able to refactor the code out of that function and use it elsewhere.
25. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` that categorizes into `Places in FOO` is smart enough not to categorize cities that
	are in different polities from the specified containing polity/polities of the city; but how smart is it? It will
    successfully avoid categorizing a neighborhood in e.g. [[Columbus]], [[Georgia]] that doesn't explicitly mention the
    US (only `s/Georgia`) into [[:Category:en:Places in Columbus]], which is for Columbus, Ohio, but will it do the same
    for a hypothetical neighborhood of Columbus in say Merseyside, England? This should be investigated. It will
    probably work for a hypothetical Columbus in [[Canada]] because `augment_holonyms_with_container` would
    auto-add Canada as an additional holonym once say `p/Ontario` is mentioned, but I think there's a setting preventing
    this augmentation from happening for the UK. (This relates to FIXME #15. `no_containing_polity_cat` is set on
    England, Scotland, etc. to prevent the toponyms from being added to [[:Category:en:Places in the United Kingdom]],
    but this same setting is used to prevent augmentation, which it should not be; there should be different settings.)
26. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` (or more specifically `find_holonym_keys_for_categorization`) checks for city
	holonyms by looking specifically for holonym type `city`. But some cities (particularly those in China) can be
	specified using different holonym types, e.g. `prefecture-level city`, `subprovincial city`, etc. We should allow
	these when appropriate (which means the cities in China need to have a `placetype` set that indicates their
	regional-level status as well as just `city`). I'm not sure if cities support specifying a custom `placetype` at the
	moment; this relates to FIXME #14 above concerning unifying cities and political divisions internally.
27. [DONE] The bare category handler (`get_bare_categories` in [[Module:place/placetypes]]) is not smart enough to avoid
    overcategorizing cities or other divisions that are of the right placetype but in the wrong containing polity. For
	example, Asturian [[Llión]] &quot;León (city in Spain)&quot; gets put in [[:Category:ast:León]] even though the latter is
    supposed to refer to a city in Mexico. We can borrow the check-containing-polity code from `generic_cat_handler`.
28. [DONE] Redo handling of singular and plural to respect overrides specified in placetype_data. Check more carefully
	for things that may not singularize correctly, e.g. 'passes' -&gt; 'passe'? Definitely 'headquarters' and variants.
29. [DONE] Combine placetype_equivs and other placetype data into `placetype_data`. Figure out if we need the
	distinction between `placetype_equivs` and `fallback`.
30. `has_neighborhoods` may need to be a function that can look at the containing holonyms to determine whether the
    entity in question is city-like.
31. [DONE] Bare placenames as they appear in holonyms (e.g. `Riau Islands`) instead of category keys (e.g.
	`the Riau Islands, Indonesia`) should appear in the polity data tables. As a first pass, the word &quot;the&quot; should not
	appear but should instead be a property of the polity.
32. [DONE] `capital_city_cat_handler` should use `get_holonyms_to_check()`.
33. [PARTLY DONE] The code to generate and parse the correct preposition (&quot;in&quot; or &quot;of&quot;) is very convoluted, and the
	actual preposition used is specified in various locations with various defaults, sometimes hardcoded. This should be
	simplified. It is made more difficult by the fact that the in/of distinction occurs in several places:
	(a) when generating the {{place}} text in old-style descriptions where the preposition isn't explicitly given, which
		uses the `preposition` setting in placetype_data, defaulting to &quot;in&quot;;
	(b) when generating categories based on explicit category specs in placetype_data (which are gradually being
		deprecated), which likewise uses the `preposition` setting in placetype_data, defaulting to &quot;in&quot;;
	(c) when generating categories based on political_division_cat_handler, originating in the `divs` placetypes for
		specific known locations in [[Module:place/locations]], which uses the `prep` setting embedded in the `divs`
		specifications, defaulting to &quot;of&quot;;
	(d) when generating categories based on category handlers specified using the `cat_handler` property of entries in
		placetype_data, which tend to hardcode &quot;in&quot; or &quot;of&quot; depending on the specific category handler;
	(e) when generating category descriptions in [[Module:category tree/topic/Places]] for `divs` categories generated
	    in (c), which (correctly) uses the same `prep` setting embedded in the `divs` settings that is used when
	    generating the categories themselves;
    (f) when generating category descriptions for categories generated in (b) and (d) above, which relies on the
		`generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` settings in placetype_data, which need to match the
		corresponding prepositions hardcoded in the category generation handlers. Instead of the hardcoding, the
		category generation handler should respect the `generic_before_*` settings.
34. [[Krakow]] defined as {{place|en|A &lt;&lt;city&gt;&gt; on the [[Vistula]] River, the &lt;&lt;capital&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;voi/Lesser Poland Voivodeship&gt;&gt; in southern &lt;&lt;c/Poland&gt;&gt;}}
	categorizes under [[:Category:Voivodeship capitals]] when it should probably instead be under
	[[:Category:Voivodeship capitals of Poland]]. Possibly this is because the various voivodeships haven't yet been
	entered as known locations, but this should happen regardless of that.
35. {{tcl}} bugs:
	a. [DONE] Lowercase initial letter in new-style {{place}} descriptions in {{tcl}}. Maybe we can have a setting
	   tcl_nolc=1 to prevent this from happening.
	b. [DONE] tcl= and probably new-style {{place}} descriptions in general should recognize ;; to separate distinct {{place}}
	   descriptions, and similarly ;;and as the equivalent of regular `;and`, etc.
    c. [DONE] The value supplied in `modern=` should be displayed in {{tcl}} descriptions regardless of the setting that
	   normally disables this, so that e.g. the foreign-language equivalent of [[British Honduras]] doesn't just say
	   it's a former British colony in Central America but specifically identifies it as modern Belize. If the user
	   gives, place_modern= in {{tcl}}, that should override the modern= value and still display.
	d. [DONE] The page supplied to {{tcl}} should be used for generating bare categories even if t= is supplied and
	   overrides the English term displayed. [DONE]
	e. [DONE] If text follows {{place}} and begins with a semicolon, the semicolon isn't copied into {{tcl}}.
36. County boroughs used as holonyms currently display 'borough county borough' because there's an affix setting for
	'county borough' and a fallback display handler for 'borough'. We need to rethink this; maybe merge the affix
	setting and display handlers.
37. Implement known-location groups and specs in a more standardly object-oriented way using metatables.
38. Implement caching of known location lookup in the holonym. This may have to be keyed by placetype, but we can have a
	special field for when the lookup placetype is the same as the user-specified placetype of the holonym. Use this
	known location in place of looking up known locations and store the appropriate known location there in
	`augment_holonyms_with_container()` instead of calling `key_to_placename`.
39. Bug fixes with 'the':
	(a) [DONE] [[Kazaň]] defined as {{place|cs|caplc|rep:Pref/Tatarstan|c/Russia|t1=Kazan}} displays as
		&quot;Republic of the Tatarstan&quot;.
	(b) [[Valday]] defined as {{place|en|town/administrative center|dist:Suf/Valdaysky|obl/Novgorod|c/Russia}}
		displays as &quot;a town, the administrative center of the Valdaysky District&quot;. Changing to `dist:suf/Valdaysky`
		displays as &quot;... of Valdaysky district&quot;.
40. [DONE] Bug fix with 'the': [[Verkhoyansk]] defined as {{place|en|town|rep/Sakha|c/Russia}} displays as &quot;a town in
	the Sakha&quot;.
41. [DONE] [[Category:Cities in Asia]] has [[Category:Cities in Eurasia]] as a parent, which in turn has
	[[Category:Cities in the Earth]] as a parent. Continents should not have the second parent like this.
42. [DONE] When checking `british_spelling`, it should check all containers as well; otherwise it's too hard to keep
	this in sync across cities, administrative divisions and countries.
43. [DONE] `skip_polity_parent_type` should be renamed to container_parent_type or similar.
44. There should be a flag to allow e.g. departments of France that are currently categorized as departments of their
	region to also be categorized as departments of France.
45. [DONE] Aliases are causing iterate_matching_holonym_location() to fail, e.g. if [[براق]] &quot;Prague&quot; is specified as
    {{place|acw|capital city|c/Czechia|t1=Prague}}, this fails add a bare category [[Category:acw:Prague]] because
    the code in iterate_matching_holonym_location() isn't resolving aliases when comparing the known container
    'Czech Republic'. Probably we want to build an alias table to speed up these sorts of lookups.
46. [DONE; DUE TO TYPO IN HANDLER] The district cat handler is failing to work right, e.g. in [[Saint-Gaudérique]]
	defined as {{place|fr|district|city/Perpignan|in|dept/Pyrénées-Orientales|r/Occitania|c/France|t=Saint-Gaudérique}},
	only the 'Places in ...' categories are getting triggered.
47. Suburbs of a given city aren't generally in the city and may not even be in the same country or country division,
	so they should not categorize as &quot;Places in ...&quot; based on the city and specified country and division. Same goes
	for &quot;enclave&quot; (within somewhere) and &quot;exclave&quot;.
48. When converting display aliases, we should automatically convert full placenames to full placenames and elliptical
    placenames to elliptical placenames instead of always either doing elliptical or full placenames depending on the
	value of `display_as_full`.
49. `@obsolete form of` and `@archaic form of` should automatically trigger nocat=1.
50. The handler that adds bare categories should pick up values in &lt;eq:...&gt;.
]=]

--[==[ var:
List specifying the allowed form-of directives, used for former names, official names, abbreviations, etc. of places.
The key is the form-of directive and the value is an object with the following properties:
* `text`: The actual text displayed before the terms. If the value is `+`, the key is used as the text. If the value is
	a function, it is passed a single argument, the overall place spec (see comment at top of file) and should return
	the text to be displayed.
* `type_prefix`: The prefix used to generate the placetype for looking up the appropriate category or categories in the
	placetype data structure. Can be omitted if there are no categories associated with the directive.
* `conjunction`: The conjunction used to join multiple terms, defaulting to `and`.
* `cat`: Additional category or categories to add the term to, whenever this particular directive is used. Normally the
	value is a topic-style category minus the langcode prefix, but if prefixed with `cln:`, it is a langname-style
	category. For example, the value `&quot;Abbreviations&quot;` would correspond to a category [[:Category:en:Abbreviations]]
	(assuming the language of the {{tl|place}} call is English), while the value `&quot;cln:abbreviations&quot;` corresponds to a
	category [[:Category:English abbreviations]]. Use a list of such specs for multiple categories.
* `default_foreign`: If specified, the default language of terms given along with this directive is the language in
	{{para|1}}; otherwise it is English.
]==]
export.all_form_of_directives = {
	[&quot;former name of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF&quot;},
	[&quot;fmr of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;former name of&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient name of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF&quot;},
	[&quot;official name of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF&quot;},
	[&quot;former official name of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF&quot;},
	[&quot;long form of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;LONG_FORM_OF&quot;},
	[&quot;former long form of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF&quot;},
	[&quot;nickname for&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;NICKNAME_FOR&quot;},
	[&quot;official nickname for&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR&quot;},
	[&quot;former nickname for&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR&quot;},
	[&quot;derogatory name for&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#derogatory|derogatory]] name for&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR&quot;},
	[&quot;synonym of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;},
	[&quot;syn of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;synonym of&quot;},
	[&quot;abbreviation of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#abbreviation|abbreviation]] of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:abbreviations&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;abbr of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;abbreviation of&quot;},
	[&quot;abbrev of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;abbreviation of&quot;},
	[&quot;initialism of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#initialism|initialism]] of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:initialisms&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;init of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;initialism of&quot;},
	[&quot;acronym of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#acronym|acronym]] of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:acronyms&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;syllabic abbreviation of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#syllabic abbreviation|syllabic abbreviation]] of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:syllabic abbreviations&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;sylabbr of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;syllabic abbreviation of&quot;},
	[&quot;sylabbrev of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;syllabic abbreviation of&quot;},
	[&quot;ellipsis of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#ellipsis|ellipsis]] of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;ELLIPSIS_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:ellipses&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;ellip of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ellipsis of&quot;},
	[&quot;clipping of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|clipping]] of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;CLIPPING_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:clippings&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;clip of&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;clipping of&quot;},
	[&quot;alternative form of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;alt form&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;alternative form of&quot;},
	[&quot;alternative spelling of&quot;] = {text = &quot;+&quot;, default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;alt spell&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;alternative spelling of&quot;},
	[&quot;alt sp&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;alternative spelling of&quot;},
	[&quot;dated form of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#dated|dated]] form of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;DATED_FORM_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:dated forms&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;dated form&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;dated form of&quot;},
	[&quot;dated spelling of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#dated|dated]] spelling of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;DATED_FORM_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:dated forms&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;dated spell&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;dated spelling of&quot;},
	[&quot;dated sp&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;dated spelling of&quot;},
	[&quot;archaic form of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#archaic|archaic]] form of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:archaic forms&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;arch form&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;archaic form of&quot;},
	[&quot;archaic spelling of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#archaic|archaic]] spelling of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:archaic forms&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;arch spell&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;archaic spelling of&quot;},
	[&quot;arch sp&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;archaic spelling of&quot;},
	[&quot;obsolete form of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#obsolete|obsolete]] form of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:obsolete forms&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;obs form&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;obsolete form of&quot;},
	[&quot;obsolete spelling of&quot;] = {text = &quot;[[Appendix:Glossary#obsolete|obsolete]] spelling of&quot;, type_prefix = &quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF&quot;, cat = &quot;cln:obsolete forms&quot;,
		default_foreign = true},
	[&quot;obs spell&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;obsolete spelling of&quot;},
	[&quot;obs sp&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;obsolete spelling of&quot;},
}

local function get_seat_text(overall_place_spec)
	local placetype = overall_place_spec.descs[1].placetypes[1]
	if placetype == &quot;county&quot; or placetype == &quot;counties&quot; then
		return &quot;county seat&quot;
	elseif placetype == &quot;parish&quot; or placetype == &quot;parishes&quot; then
		return &quot;parish seat&quot;
	elseif placetype == &quot;borough&quot; or placetype == &quot;boroughs&quot; then
		return &quot;borough seat&quot;
	else
		return &quot;seat&quot;
	end
end

--[==[ var:
List specifying the allowed arguments containing extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the
capital, largest city, modern name, official name, etc., along with associated properties; displayed in the order given.
Each element is an object with the following properties:
* `arg`: The argument name.
* `text`: The actual text displayed before the terms. If the value is `+`, the argument name is used as the text. If the
    value is a function, it is passed a single argument, the overall place spec (see the comment at the top of the file)
    and should return the text to be displayed.
* `conjunction`: The conjunction used to join multiple terms, defaulting to `and`.
* `display_even_when_dropped`: Display this piece of extra info even when it would normally be dropped (e.g. in
	{{tl|tcl}} when the language is other than English).
* `match_sentence_style`: If true, the text will be capitalized and preceded by a period when ''sentence style'' is
    in effect (essentially, when the language is English and there is no translation specified using {{para|t}} or
	similar parameter); otherwise, the text will be displayed as-is and preceded by a semicolon. If false, the semicolon
	style will always be used.
* `auto_plural`: If true, pluralize the text when there is more than one term.
* `with_colon`: If true, follow the text with a colon. (This colon cannot easily be included in the text itself because
    if pluralized, the pluralized text goes before the colon.)
]==]
export.extra_info_args = {
	{arg = &quot;modern&quot;, text = &quot;+&quot;, conjunction = &quot;หรือ&quot;, display_even_when_dropped = true},
	{arg = &quot;now&quot;, text = &quot;now,&quot;, conjunction = &quot;หรือ&quot;, display_even_when_dropped = true},
	{arg = &quot;full&quot;, text = &quot;in full,&quot;, conjunction = &quot;หรือ&quot;, display_even_when_dropped = true},
	{arg = &quot;short&quot;, text = &quot;short form&quot;, conjunction = &quot;หรือ&quot;},
	{arg = &quot;abbr&quot;, text = &quot;abbreviation&quot;, conjunction = &quot;หรือ&quot;},
	{arg = &quot;former&quot;, text = &quot;formerly,&quot;},
	{arg = &quot;official&quot;, text = &quot;ชื่อทางการ&quot;, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true},
	{arg = &quot;capital&quot;, text = &quot;เมืองหลวง&quot;, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true},
	{arg = &quot;largest city&quot;, text = &quot;นครใหญ่สุด&quot;, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true},
	{arg = &quot;caplc&quot;, text = &quot;เมืองหลวงและนครใหญ่สุด&quot;, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false,
		with_colon = true},
	{arg = &quot;seat&quot;, text = get_seat_text, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true},
	{arg = &quot;shire town&quot;, text = &quot;+&quot;, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true},
	{arg = &quot;headquarters&quot;, text = &quot;+&quot;, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true},
	{arg = &quot;center&quot;, text = &quot;administrative center&quot;, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true},
	{arg = &quot;centre&quot;, text = &quot;administrative centre&quot;, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true},
}

export.extra_info_arg_map = {}

for _, spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do
	export.extra_info_arg_map[spec.arg] = spec
end

----------- Wikicode utility functions


-- Return a wikilink link {{l|language|text}}
local function link(text, langcode, id)
	if not langcode then
		return text
	end

	return m_links.full_link(
		{term = text, lang = require(languages_module).getByCode(langcode, true, &quot;allow etym&quot;), id = id},
		nil, &quot;allow self link&quot;
	)
end


---------- Basic utility functions


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


local function ucfirst_all(text)
	if text:find(&quot; &quot;) then
		local parts = split(text, &quot; &quot;, true)
		for i, part in ipairs(parts) do
			parts[i] = m_strutils.ucfirst(part)
		end
		return concat(parts, &quot; &quot;)
	else
		return m_strutils.ucfirst(text)
	end
end


local function lc(text)
	return mw.getContentLanguage():lc(text)
end


---------- Argument parsing functions and utilities


-- Split an argument on comma, but not comma followed by whitespace.
local function split_on_comma(val)
	if val:find(&quot;,&quot;) then
		return require(parse_interface_module).split_on_comma(val)
	else
		return {val}
	end
end


-- Split an argument on slash, but not slash occurring inside of HTML tags like &lt;/span&gt; or &lt;br /&gt;.
local function split_on_slash(arg)
	if arg:find(&quot;&lt;&quot;) then
		local m_parse_utilities = require(parse_utilities_module)
		-- We implement this by parsing balanced segment runs involving &lt;...&gt;, and splitting on slash in the remainder.
		-- The result is a list of lists, so we have to rejoin the inner lists by concatenating.
		local segments = m_parse_utilities.parse_balanced_segment_run(arg, &quot;&lt;&quot;, &quot;&gt;&quot;)
		local slash_separated_groups = m_parse_utilities.split_alternating_runs(segments, &quot;/&quot;)
		for i, group in ipairs(slash_separated_groups) do
			slash_separated_groups[i] = concat(group)
		end
		return slash_separated_groups
	else
		return split(arg, &quot;/&quot;, true)
	end
end


-- Implement &quot;implications&quot;, i.e. where the presence of a given holonym causes additional holonym(s) to be added.
-- Implications apply only to categorization. There used to be support for &quot;general implications&quot; that applied to both
-- display and categorization, but there ended up not being any such implications, so we've removed the support. It is
-- a bad idea in any case to have such implications; the user might purposely leave out a higher-level polity to avoid
-- redundancy in several successive definitions, and we wouldn't want to override that. Note that in practice the
-- mechanism implemented by this function is used specifically for non-administrative geographic regions such as
-- Eastern Europe and the West Bank; there is a similar mechanism for administrative regions handled by
-- `augment_holonyms_with_containing_polity` in [[Module:place/placetypes]].
--
-- `place_descriptions` is a list of place descriptions (see top of file, collectively describing the data passed to
-- {{place}}). `implication_data` is the data used to implement the implications, i.e. a table indexed by holonym
-- placetype, each value of which is a table indexed by holonym placename, each value of which is a list of
-- &quot;PLACETYPE/PLACENAME&quot; holonyms to be added to the end of the list of holonyms.
local function handle_category_implications(place_descriptions, implication_data)
	for i, desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do
		if desc.holonyms then
			local new_holonyms = {}
			for _, holonym in ipairs(desc.holonyms) do
				insert(new_holonyms, holonym)
				local imp_data = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym.placetype, function(pt)
					local implication = implication_data[pt] and implication_data[pt][holonym.unlinked_placename]
					if implication then
						return implication
					end
				end)
				if imp_data then
					for _, holonym_to_add in ipairs(imp_data) do
						local split_holonym = split_on_slash(holonym_to_add)
						if #split_holonym ~= 2 then
							internal_error(&quot;Invalid holonym in implications: %s&quot;, holonym_to_add)
						end
						local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename = unpack(split_holonym, 1, 2)
						local new_holonym = {
							-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to set
							-- display_placename.
							placetype = holonym_placetype, unlinked_placename = holonym_placename
						}
						insert(new_holonyms, new_holonym)
						m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(desc, new_holonym)
					end
				end
			end
			desc.holonyms = new_holonyms
		end
	end
end


-- Split a holonym (e.g. &quot;continent/Europe&quot; or &quot;country/en:Italy&quot; or &quot;in southern&quot; or &quot;r:suf/O'Higgins&quot; or
-- &quot;c/Austria,Germany,Czech Republic&quot;) into its components. Return a list of holonym objects (see top of file). Note
-- that if there isn't a slash in the holonym (e.g. &quot;in southern&quot;), the `placetype` field of the holonym will be nil.
-- Placetype aliases (e.g. &quot;r&quot; for &quot;region&quot;) and placename aliases (e.g. &quot;US&quot; or &quot;USA&quot; for &quot;United States&quot;) will be
-- expanded.
local function split_holonym(raw)
	local no_display, combined_holonym = raw:match(&quot;^(!)(.*)$&quot;)
	no_display = not not no_display
	combined_holonym = combined_holonym or raw
	local suppress_comma, combined_holonym_without_comma = combined_holonym:match(&quot;^(%*)(.*)$&quot;)
	suppress_comma = not not suppress_comma
	combined_holonym = combined_holonym_without_comma or combined_holonym
	local holonym_parts = split_on_slash(combined_holonym)
	if #holonym_parts == 1 then
		-- `unlinked_placename` should not be used.
		return {{display_placename = combined_holonym, no_display = no_display, suppress_comma = suppress_comma}}
	end

	-- Rejoin further slashes in case of slash in holonym placename, e.g. Admaston/Bromley.
	local placetype = holonym_parts[1]
	local placename = concat(holonym_parts, &quot;/&quot;, 2)

	-- Check for modifiers after the holonym placetype.
	local split_holonym_placetype = split(placetype, &quot;:&quot;, true)
	placetype = split_holonym_placetype[1]
	local affix_type
	local saw_also
	local saw_the
	for i = 2, #split_holonym_placetype do
		local modifier = split_holonym_placetype[i]
		if modifier == &quot;also&quot; then
			if saw_also then
				error((&quot;Modifier ':also' occurs twice in holonym '%s'&quot;):format(combined_holonym))
			end
			saw_also = true
		elseif modifier == &quot;the&quot; then
			if saw_the then
				error((&quot;Modifier ':the' occurs twice in holonym '%s'&quot;):format(combined_holonym))
			end
			saw_the = true
		elseif modifier == &quot;pref&quot; or modifier == &quot;Pref&quot; or modifier == &quot;suf&quot; or modifier == &quot;Suf&quot; or
			modifier == &quot;noaff&quot; then
			if affix_type then
				error((&quot;Affix-type modifier ':%s' occurs twice in holonym '%s'&quot;):format(modifier, combined_holonym))
			end
			affix_type = modifier
		else
			error((&quot;Unrecognized holonym placetype modifier '%s', should be one of &quot; ..
				&quot;'pref', 'Pref', 'suf', 'Suf', 'noaff', 'also' or 'the'&quot;):format(modifier))
		end
	end

	placetype = m_placetypes.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	local holonyms = split_on_comma(placename)
	local pluralize_affix = #holonyms &gt; 1
	local affix_holonym_index = (affix_type == &quot;pref&quot; or affix_type == &quot;Pref&quot;) and 1 or affix_type == &quot;noaff&quot; and 0 or
		#holonyms
	for i, placename in ipairs(holonyms) do
		-- Check for langcode before the holonym placename, but don't get tripped up by Wikipedia links, which begin
		-- &quot;[[w:...]]&quot; or &quot;[[wikipedia:]]&quot;.
		local langcode, placename_without_langcode = rmatch(placename, &quot;^([^%[%]]-):(.*)$&quot;)
		if langcode then
			placename = placename_without_langcode
		end
		placename = m_placetypes.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
		holonyms[i] = {
			placetype = placetype,
			display_placename = placename,
			unlinked_placename = m_placetypes.remove_links_and_html(placename),
			langcode = langcode,
			affix_type = i == affix_holonym_index and affix_type or nil,
			pluralize_affix = i == affix_holonym_index and pluralize_affix,
			suppress_affix = i ~= affix_holonym_index,
			no_display = no_display,
			suppress_comma = suppress_comma,
			continue_cat_loop = saw_also,
			force_the = i == 1 and saw_the,
		}
	end

	return holonyms
end


local get_param_mods = memoize(function()
	local m_param_utils = require(parameter_utilities_module)
	return m_param_utils.construct_param_mods {
		{group = {&quot;link&quot;, &quot;q&quot;, &quot;l&quot;, &quot;ref&quot;}},
		{param = &quot;eq&quot;},
		-- FIXME: Finish [[Module:format utilities]].
		--{param = &quot;conj&quot;, set = require(format_utilities_module).allowed_conjs_for_join_segments, overall = true},
		{param = &quot;conj&quot;, set = {[&quot;and&quot;] = true, [&quot;or&quot;] = true, [&quot;and/or&quot;] = true, [&quot;และ&quot;] = true, [&quot;หรือ&quot;] = true, [&quot;และ/หรือ&quot;] = true}, overall = true},
	}
end)

local function parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(term, paramname, default_lang)
	-- FIXME: Finish changes to [[Module:parameter utilities]] and [[Module:parse utilities]] that support continuations
	-- and new-format generate_obj().
	--local function generate_obj(data)
	--	local m_param_utils = require(parameter_utilities_module)
	--	data.parse_lang_prefix = true
	--	data.special_continuations = m_param_utils.default_special_continuations
	--	data.default_lang = default_lang
	--	return m_param_utils.generate_obj_maybe_parsing_lang_prefix(data)
	--end
	local function generate_obj(raw_term, parse_err)
		local obj = require(parameter_utilities_module).generate_obj_maybe_parsing_lang_prefix {
			term = raw_term,
			parse_err = parse_err,
			parse_lang_prefix = true,
		}
		obj.lang = obj.lang or default_lang
		return obj
	end
	return require(parse_interface_module).parse_inline_modifiers(term, {
		paramname = paramname,
		param_mods = get_param_mods(),
		generate_obj = generate_obj,
		-- FIXME: See above.
		--generate_obj_new_format = true,
		splitchar = &quot;,&quot;,
		outer_container = {},
	})
end


local function parse_form_of_directive(arg, lang, form_of_overridden_args)
	local form_of_directive, raw_terms = arg:match(&quot;^@([a-z -]+):(.*)$&quot;)
	if not form_of_directive then
		error(&quot;Misformatted @-directive: &quot; .. dump(arg))
	end
	if not export.all_form_of_directives[form_of_directive] then
		local known_directives = {}
		for k, _ in pairs(export.all_form_of_directives) do
			insert(known_directives, '&quot;' .. k .. '&quot;')
		end
		table.sort(known_directives)
		error((&quot;Unrecognized form-of directive %s in @-directive %s; recognized directives are %s&quot;):format(
			dump(form_of_directive), dump(arg), concat(known_directives, &quot;, &quot;)))
	end
	local spec = export.all_form_of_directives[form_of_directive]
	local canonical_directive = form_of_directive
	if spec.alias_of then
		canonical_directive = spec.alias_of
		spec = export.all_form_of_directives[canonical_directive]
		if not spec then
			internal_error(&quot;Form-of directive alias %s points to %s, which is not a directive&quot;,
				&quot;@&quot; .. form_of_directive, canonical_directive)
		elseif spec.alias_of then
			internal_error(&quot;Form-of directive alias %s points to %s, which is also an alias&quot;,
				&quot;@&quot; .. form_of_directive, canonical_directive)
		end
	end
	local default_foreign = spec.default_foreign
	local directive_param = &quot;@&quot; .. form_of_directive
	if form_of_overridden_args and form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive] then
		raw_terms = form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive].new_value
		local new_directive = form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive].new_directive
		local new_spec = export.all_form_of_directives[new_directive]
		if not new_spec then
			error((&quot;Internal error: [[Module:transclude]] passed in unrecognized replacement directive '@%s'&quot;):
				format(new_directive))
		end
		if new_spec.alias_of then
			error((&quot;Internal error: [[Module:transclude]] passed in replacement directive alias '@%s', &quot; ..
				&quot;should be canonical&quot;):format(new_directive))
		end
		if new_directive ~= canonical_directive then
			directive_param = directive_param .. (&quot; (replaced with @%s)&quot;):format(new_directive)
			canonical_directive = new_directive
			spec = new_spec
		end
		default_foreign = true
	end
	local terms = parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(raw_terms, directive_param,
		default_foreign and lang or enlang)
	return {
		directive = canonical_directive,
		terms = terms.terms,
		conj = terms.conj,
		spec = spec,
	}
end


-- Parse an argument containing extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, largest
-- city, modern name, official name, etc. `args` is the value from the parsed argument structure and can be either nil,
-- a string or a list (depending on whether it was declared as a single parameter or a list). `spec` is the extra info
-- spec corresponding to the type of extra info. Each value in `args` can be a comma-separated list of terms with inline
-- modifiers attached. [FIXME: we should switch to always using the comma-separated format and disallow list parameters
-- such as |capital=, |capital2=, etc.] The return value is a structure containing fields `terms` (a list of term
-- objects, each of which is in the format expected by full_link() in [[Module:links]]), `conj` (an explicit
-- conjunction to join multiple terms, or nil if no explicit conjunction was given) and `spec` (the passed-in spec).
local function parse_extra_info_arg(args, spec, default_lang)
	if not args then
		return nil
	end
	if type(args) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		args = {args}
	end
	if not args[1] then
		return nil
	end

	local terms = nil

	local conj
	for i, arg in ipairs(args) do
		local this_terms = parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(arg, spec.arg .. (i == 1 and &quot;&quot; or i), default_lang)
		local thisconj = this_terms.conj
		if not conj then
			conj = thisconj
		elseif thisconj and conj ~= thisconj then
			error((&quot;Two different conjunctions '%s' and '%s' specified for |%s=; you only need to specify the &quot; ..
				&quot;conjunction once&quot;):format(conj, thisconj))
		end
		if not terms then
			terms = this_terms.terms
		else
			m_table.extend(terms, this_terms.terms)
		end
	end

	return {
		spec = spec,
		terms = terms,
		conj = conj,
	}
end


--[==[
Parse a &quot;new-style&quot; place description, with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `&lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt;` amid otherwise raw text.
Return value is a place description object as documented at the top of the file. Exported for use by
[[Module:demonyms]].
]==]
function export.parse_new_style_place_desc(text, lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args)
	local placetypes = {}
	local segments = split(text, &quot;&lt;&lt;(.-)&gt;&gt;&quot;)
	local retval = {holonyms = {}, order = {}}
	local form_of_directives_already_present = form_of_directives and not not form_of_directives[1]
	for i, segment in ipairs(segments) do
		if i % 2 == 1 then
			insert(retval.order, {type = &quot;raw&quot;, value = segment})
		elseif segment:find(&quot;@&quot;) then
			if not form_of_directives then
				error((&quot;Form-of directive '%s' not allowed in this context&quot;):format(segment))
			elseif form_of_directives_already_present then
				error((&quot;Saw form-of directive '%s' in new-style place desc followed by direct (separate-parameter) form-of directives; not allowed&quot;):format(
					segment))
			elseif placetypes[1] or retval.holonyms[1] then
				error((&quot;Form-of directive '%s' must come first, before placetypes and holonyms&quot;):format(segment))
			else
				local form_of_directive = parse_form_of_directive(segment, lang, form_of_overridden_args)
				if not retval.order[1] or retval.order[1].type ~= &quot;raw&quot; or retval.order[2] then
					internal_error(&quot;`retval.order` should have a single raw element: %s&quot;, retval.order)
				end
				form_of_directive.pretext = retval.order[1].value
				retval.order[1] = nil
				insert(form_of_directives, form_of_directive)
			end
		elseif segment:find(&quot;/&quot;) then
			local holonyms = split_holonym(segment)
			for j, holonym in ipairs(holonyms) do
				if j &gt; 1 then
					if not holonym.no_display then
						if j == #holonyms then
							insert(retval.order, {type = &quot;raw&quot;, value = &quot; and &quot;})
						else
							insert(retval.order, {type = &quot;raw&quot;, value = &quot;, &quot;})
						end
					end
					-- All but the first in a multi-holonym need an article. For the first one, the article is
					-- specified in the raw text if needed. (Currently, needs_article is only used when displaying the
					-- holonym, so it wouldn't matter when no_display is set, but we set it anyway in case we need it
					-- for something else.)
					holonym.needs_article = true
				end
				insert(retval.holonyms, holonym)
				if not holonym.no_display then
					insert(retval.order, {type = &quot;holonym&quot;, value = #retval.holonyms})
				end
				m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(retval, holonym)
			end
		else
			local treat_as, display = segment:match(&quot;^(..-):(.+)$&quot;)
			if treat_as then
				segment = treat_as
			else
				display = segment
			end
			-- see if the placetype segment is just qualifiers
			local only_qualifiers = true
			local split_segments = split(segment, &quot; &quot;, true)
			for _, split_segment in ipairs(split_segments) do
				if m_placetypes.placetype_qualifiers[split_segment] == nil then
					only_qualifiers = false
					break
				end
			end
			insert(placetypes, {placetype = segment, only_qualifiers = only_qualifiers})
			if only_qualifiers then
				insert(retval.order, {type = &quot;qualifier&quot;, value = display})
			else
				insert(retval.order, {type = &quot;placetype&quot;, value = display})
			end
		end
	end

	if not form_of_directives_already_present and form_of_directives and form_of_directives[1] then
		form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext = &quot;&quot;
	end

	local final_placetypes = {}
	for i, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do
		if i &gt; 1 and placetypes[i - 1].only_qualifiers then
			final_placetypes[#final_placetypes] = final_placetypes[#final_placetypes] .. &quot; &quot; .. placetypes[i].placetype
		else
			insert(final_placetypes, placetypes[i].placetype)
		end
	end
	retval.placetypes = final_placetypes
	return retval
end


--[==[
Parse one or more &quot;new-style&quot; place descriptions, with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `&lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt;` amid otherwise
raw text. Multiple descriptions are separated by two semicolons in a row. Return value is a list of place description
objects as documented at the top of the file.
]==]
local function parse_conjoined_new_style_place_desc(text, lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args)
	local separate_specs = split(text, &quot;;(;[^ ]*)&quot;)
	local descs = {}
	for i = 1, #separate_specs do
		if i % 2 == 1 then
			insert(descs, export.parse_new_style_place_desc(separate_specs[i], lang, form_of_directives,
				form_of_overridden_args))
			form_of_directives = nil
		else
			descs[#descs].separator = separate_specs[i]
		end
	end
	return descs
end


--[=[
Process numeric and &quot;extra info&quot; arguments into an overall place spec, as described at the top of the file. `data` is an
object with the following fields:
* `args`: The parsed arguments of {{tl|place}}.
* `from_tcl`: True if we're being invoked from {{tl|tcl}}.
* `extra_info_overridden_set`, `form_of_overridden_args`: Same as the corresponding fields in the `data` object passed
	to `export.format`.
]=]
local function parse_overall_place_spec(data)
	local args, from_tcl, extra_info_overridden_set, form_of_overridden_args =
		data.args, data.from_tcl, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.form_of_overridden_args
	local descs = {}
	local this_desc
	-- Index of separate (semicolon-separated) place descriptions within `descs`.
	local desc_index = 1
	-- Index of separate holonyms within a place description. 0 means we've seen no holonyms and have yet to process
	-- the placetypes that precede the holonyms. 1 means we've seen no holonyms but have already processed the
	-- placetypes.
	local holonym_index = 0
	local in_place_desc = false

	local form_of_directives = {}

	local function set_desc_joiner(desc, separator)
		if separator == &quot;;&quot; then
			this_desc.joiner = &quot;; &quot;
			this_desc.include_following_article = true
		elseif separator == &quot;;;&quot; then
			this_desc.joiner = &quot; &quot;
		else
			local joiner = separator:sub(2)
			if rfind(joiner, &quot;^%a&quot;) then
				this_desc.joiner = &quot; &quot; .. joiner .. &quot; &quot;
			else
				this_desc.joiner = joiner .. &quot; &quot;
			end
		end
	end

	for _, arg in ipairs(args[2]) do
		if arg:find(&quot;^@&quot;) then
			if not (desc_index == 1 and holonym_index == 0) then
				error(&quot;@-directives cannot follow place descriptions&quot;)
			end
			local form_of_directive = parse_form_of_directive(arg, args[1], form_of_overridden_args)
			if form_of_directives[1] then
				form_of_directive.pretext = &quot;, &quot;
			else
				form_of_directive.pretext = &quot;&quot;
			end
			insert(form_of_directives, form_of_directive)
		elseif arg == &quot;;&quot; or arg:find(&quot;^;[^ ]&quot;) then
			if not this_desc then
				error(&quot;Saw semicolon joiner without preceding place description&quot;)
			end
			set_desc_joiner(this_desc, arg)
			desc_index = desc_index + 1
			holonym_index = 0
			in_place_desc = false
		else
			if arg:find(&quot;&lt;&lt;&quot;) then
				if in_place_desc then
					error(&quot;New-style place description must come first or following a separator (semicolon or similar), not directly following another description&quot;)
				end
				in_place_desc = true
				local this_descs = parse_conjoined_new_style_place_desc(arg, args[1], form_of_directives,
					form_of_overridden_args)
				for j, desc in ipairs(this_descs) do
					this_desc = desc
					if holonym_index &gt; 0 then
						desc_index = desc_index + 1
						holonym_index = 0
					end
					if j &lt; #this_descs then
						set_desc_joiner(this_desc, this_desc.separator)
					end
					descs[desc_index] = this_desc
					last_was_new_style = true
					holonym_index = #this_desc.holonyms + 1
				end
			else
				-- Old-style arguments can directly follow a new-style argument; they become additional holonyms
				-- tacked onto the end of the holonym list, and are displayed old-style except that there is no
				-- prefix before the first one following the new-style argument.
				in_place_desc = true
				if holonym_index == 0 then
					local entry_placetypes = split_on_slash(arg)
					this_desc = {placetypes = entry_placetypes, holonyms = {}}
					descs[desc_index] = this_desc
					holonym_index = holonym_index + 1
				else
					local holonyms = split_holonym(arg)
					for j, holonym in ipairs(holonyms) do
						if j &gt; 1 then
							-- All but the first in a multi-holonym need an article. Not for the first one because e.g.
							-- {{place|en|city|s/Arizona|c/United States}} should not display as &quot;a city in Arizona, the
							-- United States&quot;. The overall first holonym in the place description gets an article if 
							-- needed regardless of our setting here.
							holonym.needs_article = true
							-- Insert &quot;และ&quot; before the last holonym.
							if j == #holonyms then
								this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] = {
									-- Use the no_display value from the first holonym; it should be the same for all
									-- holonyms. `unlinked_placename` should not be used.
									display_placename = &quot;และ&quot;, no_display = holonyms[1].no_display
								}
								holonym_index = holonym_index + 1
							end
						end
						this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] = holonym
						m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(this_desc, this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index])
						holonym_index = holonym_index + 1
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end

	if form_of_directives[1] and not form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext then
		form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext =
			(args.def and args.def ~= &quot;-&quot; or not args.def and descs[1]) and &quot;: &quot; or &quot;&quot;
	end

	-- Tracking code. This does nothing but add tracking for seen placetypes and qualifiers. The place will be linked to
	-- [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/PLACETYPE]] for all entry placetypes seen; in addition, if PLACETYPE
	-- has qualifiers (e.g. 'small city'), there will be links for the bare placetype minus qualifiers and separately
	-- for the qualifiers themselves:
	--   [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/BARE_PLACETYPE]]
	--   [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/QUALIFIER]]
	-- Note that if there are multiple qualifiers, there will be links for each possible split. For example, for
	-- 'small maritime city'), there will be the following links:
	--   [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/small maritime city]]
	--   [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/maritime city]]
	--   [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/city]]
	--   [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/small]]
	--   [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/maritime]]
	-- Finally, there are also links for holonym placetypes, e.g. if the holonym 'c/Italy' occurs, there will be the
	-- following link:
	--   [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/holonym-placetype/country]]
	for _, desc in ipairs(descs) do
		for _, entry_placetype in ipairs(desc.placetypes) do
			local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(entry_placetype, &quot;no canon qualifiers&quot;)
			for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
				local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)
				track(&quot;entry-placetype/&quot; .. bare_placetype)
				if this_qualifier then
					track(&quot;entry-qualifier/&quot; .. this_qualifier)
				end
			end
		end
		for _, holonym in ipairs(desc.holonyms) do
			if holonym.placetype then
				track(&quot;holonym-placetype/&quot; .. holonym.placetype)
			end
		end
	end

	local extra_info = {}
	for _, extra_info_spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do
		local extra_info_terms = parse_extra_info_arg(args[extra_info_spec.arg], extra_info_spec,
			-- If called from {{tcl}} and extra info argument was set by {{tcl}}, interpret the argument
			-- according to the language in 1=; otherwise interpret as English. To override this, prefix
			-- with the appropriate language.
			from_tcl and extra_info_overridden_set and extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_spec.arg] and args[1] or
				enlang)
		if extra_info_terms then
			insert(extra_info, extra_info_terms)
		end
	end

	return {
		lang = args[1],
		args = args,
		directives = form_of_directives,
		descs = descs,
		extra_info = extra_info,
	}
end


-------- Definition-generating functions


-- Return a string with the wikilinks to the English translations of the word.
local function get_translations(transl, ids)
	local ret = {}

	for i, t in ipairs(transl) do
		local arg_transls = split_on_comma(t)
		local arg_ids = ids[i]
		if arg_ids then
			arg_ids = split_on_comma(arg_ids)
			if #arg_transls ~= #arg_ids then
				error((&quot;Saw %s translation%s in t%s=%s but %s ID%s in tid%s=%s&quot;):format(
					#arg_transls, #arg_transls &gt; 1 and &quot;s&quot; or &quot;&quot;, i == 1 and &quot;&quot; or i, t, #arg_ids,
					#arg_ids &gt; 1 and &quot;'s&quot; or &quot;&quot;, i == 1 and &quot;&quot; or i, ids[i]))
			end
		end
		for j, arg_transl in ipairs(arg_transls) do
			insert(ret, link(arg_transl, &quot;en&quot;, arg_ids and arg_ids[j] or nil))
		end
	end

	return concat(ret, &quot;, &quot;)
end


-- Return the article (currently always `&quot;the&quot;`) to be prepended to the given placename, or nil. `decorated_placename`
-- is the placename as specified by the user along with any affix added to it. `placename` is the raw unlinked
-- placename, defaulting to the unlinked version of `decorated_placename` if not given. `placetypes` is a placetype or
-- list of placetypes for the placename. `suppress_holonym_use_the_check` suppresses checking the placetypes for
-- `holonym_use_the`.
local function get_placename_article(decorated_placename, placetypes, placename, suppress_holonym_use_the_check)
	local unlinked_decorated_placename = m_placetypes.remove_links_and_html(decorated_placename)
	if unlinked_decorated_placename:find(&quot;^the &quot;) then
		return nil
	end
	placename = placename or unlinked_decorated_placename
	if type(placetypes) == &quot;string&quot; then
		placetypes = {placetypes}
	end
	for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do
		local art = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt)
			local art = m_placetypes.placename_article[pt] and m_placetypes.placename_article[pt][placename]
			if art then
				return art
			end
		end)
		if art then
			return art
		end
	end
	-- Get equivalent placetypes of the specified placetype so that e.g.
	-- {{place|en|@official name of:Bahamas|island country|r/Caribbean}} put 'the' before Bahamas (&quot;Bahamas&quot; is just
	-- specified as a country but &quot;island country&quot; falls back to &quot;country&quot;).
	local all_equiv_placetypes = {}
	for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do
		local this_equiv_placetypes = m_placetypes.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
		for _, this_equiv_placetype in ipairs(this_equiv_placetypes) do
			insert(all_equiv_placetypes, this_equiv_placetype.placetype)
		end
	end
	-- Look for a known location. We should be using find_matching_holonym_location() but that function doesn't
	-- currently work without alias resolution. Instead we check if any matching location has `the = true` set.
	-- In practice there aren't any cases where a given placename matches two locations, only one of which has
	-- `the = true` set.
	for group, key, spec in m_placetypes.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = all_equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;none&quot;,
	} do
		-- `iterate_holonym_location` doesn't initialize the spec if alias resolution is turned off, so check both
		-- the spec and group. Be careful in case `the = false` is explicitly given by the spec.
		if spec.the ~= nil then
			if spec.the then
				return &quot;the&quot;
			end
		elseif group.default_the then
			return &quot;the&quot;
		end
	end
	if not suppress_holonym_use_the_check then
		-- See if the placetype requests an article to be placed before the placename. This occurs e.g. with 'sea'. But
		-- if the user specifies e.g. &quot;sea:pref/Cortez&quot;, we'll wrongly get &quot;the sea of the Cortez&quot;, so in that case we
		-- need to ignore the holonym article specified along with the placetype.
		for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do
			local holonym_use_the = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
				function(pt) return placetype_data[pt] and placetype_data[pt].holonym_use_the end)
			if holonym_use_the then
				return &quot;the&quot;
			end
		end
	end
	local universal_res = m_placetypes.placename_the_re[&quot;*&quot;]
	for _, re in ipairs(universal_res) do
		if unlinked_decorated_placename:find(re) then
			return &quot;the&quot;
		end
	end
	for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do
		local matched = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt)
			local res = m_placetypes.placename_the_re[pt]
			if not res then
				return nil
			end
			for _, re in ipairs(res) do
				if unlinked_decorated_placename:find(re) then
					return true
				end
			end
			return nil
		end)
		if matched then
			return &quot;the&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


-- Prepend the appropriate article if needed to `decorated_placename` (the user-specified placename with any affix
-- added), where the underlying holonym object that generated `linked_placename` can be found at `holonym_index` in the
-- holonyms in `place_desc`.
local function get_holonym_article(decorated_placename, place_desc, holonym_index)
	local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index]
	local holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype
	if not holonym_placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return get_placename_article(decorated_placename, holonym_placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename,
		not not holonym.affix_type)
end


-- Convert a holonym into display format. This adds wikilinks to holonyms and passes them through any display handlers,
-- which may (e.g.) add the placetype to the holonym. If `needs_article` is true, prepend the article `&quot;the&quot;` if the
-- holonym requires it (e.g. if the holonym is `United States`). `needs_article` is set to true we are processing the
-- first specified holonym in an old-style place description (i.e. the holonym directly following the entry placetype,
-- with no raw-text holonym in between).
--
-- Examples:
-- ({placetype = &quot;country&quot;, display_placename = &quot;United States&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;United States&quot;}, true) returns
-- the template-expanded equivalent of &quot;the {{l|en|United States}}&quot;.
-- ({placetype = &quot;region&quot;, display_placename = &quot;O'Higgins&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;O'Higgins&quot;, affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;}, false)
--   returns the template-expanded equivalent of &quot;{{l|en|O'Higgins}} region&quot;.
-- ({display_placename = &quot;in the southern&quot;}, false) returns &quot;in the southern&quot; (without wikilinking because .placetype
--   and .langcode are both nil).
local function format_holonym(place_desc, holonym_index, needs_article)
	local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index]
	if holonym.no_display then
		return &quot;&quot;
	end

	local orig_needs_article = needs_article
	needs_article = needs_article or holonym.needs_article or holonym.force_the

	local output = holonym.display_placename
	local placetype = holonym.placetype
	local affix_type_pt_data, affix_type, affix_is_prefix, affix, prefix, suffix, no_affix_strings
	local pt_equiv_for_affix_type, already_seen_affix, need_affix

	-- Implement display handlers.
	local display_handler = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return placetype_data[pt] and placetype_data[pt].display_handler end)
	if display_handler then
		output = display_handler(placetype, output)
	end
	if not holonym.suppress_affix then
		-- Implement adding an affix (prefix or suffix) based on the holonym's placetype. The affix will be
		-- added either if the placetype's placetype_data spec says so (by setting 'affix_type'), or if the
		-- user explicitly called for this (e.g. by using 'r:suf/O'Higgins'). Before adding the affix,
		-- however, we check to see if the affix is already present (e.g. the placetype is &quot;district&quot;
		-- and the placename is &quot;Mission District&quot;). The placetype can override the affix to add (by setting
		-- `prefix`, `suffix` or `affix`) and/or override the strings used for checking if the affix is already
		-- present (by setting 'no_affix_strings', which defaults to the affix explicitly given through `prefix`,
		-- `suffix` or `affix` if any are given). `prefix` and `suffix` take precedence over `affix` if both are
		-- set, but only when the appropriate type of affix is requested.

		-- Search through equivalent placetypes for a setting of `affix_type`, `affix`, `prefix` or `suffix`. If we
		-- find any, use them. If `affix_type` is given, it is overridden by the user's explicitly specified affix
		-- type. If either an `affix_type` is found or the user explicitly specified an affix type, the affix is
		-- displayed according to the following:
		-- 1. If `prefix`, `suffix` or `affix` is given by the placetype or equivalent placetypes, use it (e.g.
		--    placetype `administrative region` requests suffix &quot;region&quot; but doesn't set affix type; if the user
		--    explicitly specifies `administrative region` as the placetype for a holonym and specifies a suffixal
		--    affix type, use &quot;region&quot;). In this search, we stop looking if we find an explicit `affix_type`
		--    setting; if this is found without an associated affix setting, the assumption is the associated
		--    placetype was intended as the affix, not some explicit affix setting associated with a fallback
		--    placetype.
		-- 2. Otherwise, if the user explicitly requested an affix type, use the actual placetype (principle of
		--    least surprise).
		-- 3. Finally, fall back to the placetype associated with an explicit `affix_type` setting (which will
		--    always exist if we get this far).
		affix_type_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix_type = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt)
				local cdpt = placetype_data[pt]
				return cdpt and cdpt.affix_type and cdpt or nil
			end
		)
		affix_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt)
				local cdpt = placetype_data[pt]
				return cdpt and (cdpt.affix_type or cdpt.affix or cdpt.prefix or cdpt.suffix) and cdpt or nil
			end
		)
		if affix_type_pt_data then
			affix_type = affix_type_pt_data.affix_type
			need_affix = true
		end
		if affix_pt_data then
			prefix = affix_pt_data.prefix or affix_pt_data.affix
			suffix = affix_pt_data.suffix or affix_pt_data.affix
			need_affix = true
		end
		no_affix_strings = affix_pt_data and affix_pt_data.no_affix_strings or
			affix_type_pt_data and affix_type_pt_data.no_affix_strings
		if holonym.affix_type and placetype then
			affix_type = holonym.affix_type
			prefix = prefix or placetype
			suffix = suffix or placetype
			need_affix = true
		end
		if need_affix then
			-- At this point the affix_type has been determined and can't change any more, so we can figure out
			-- whether we need the calculated prefix or suffix.
			affix_is_prefix = affix_type == &quot;pref&quot; or affix_type == &quot;Pref&quot;
			if affix_is_prefix then
				affix = prefix
			else
				affix = suffix
			end
			if not affix then
				if not pt_equiv_for_affix_type then
					internal_error(&quot;Something wrong, `pt_equiv_for_affix_type` not set processing holonym: %s&quot;,
						holonym)
				end
				affix = pt_equiv_for_affix_type.placetype
				if not affix then
					internal_error(&quot;Something wrong, no affix could be located in `pt_equiv_for_affix_type` for &quot; ..
						&quot;holonym %s: %s&quot;, holonym, pt_equiv_for_affix_type)
				end
			end
			no_affix_strings = no_affix_strings or lc(affix)
			if holonym.pluralize_affix then
				affix = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(affix)
			end
			already_seen_affix = m_placetypes.check_already_seen_string(output, no_affix_strings)
		end
	end
	output = link(output, holonym.langcode or placetype and &quot;en&quot; or nil)
	if need_affix and not affix_is_prefix and not already_seen_affix then
		output = output .. &quot; &quot; .. (affix_type == &quot;Suf&quot; and ucfirst_all(affix) or affix)
	end

	if needs_article then
		local article = holonym.force_the and &quot;the&quot; or get_holonym_article(output, place_desc, holonym_index)
		if article then
			output = article .. &quot; &quot; .. output
		end
	end

	if affix_is_prefix and not already_seen_affix then
		output = (affix_type == &quot;Pref&quot; and ucfirst_all(affix) or affix) .. &quot; of &quot; .. output
		if orig_needs_article then
			-- Put the article before the added affix if we're the first holonym in the place description. This is
			-- distinct from the article added above for the holonym itself; cf. &quot;c:pref/United States,Canada&quot; -&gt;
			-- &quot;the countries of the United States and Canada&quot;. We need to use the value of `needs_article` passed
			-- in from the function, which indicates whether we're processing the first holonym.
			output = &quot;the &quot; .. output
		end
	end
	return output
end


-- Format a holonym for display, taking into account the entry's placetype (specifically, the last placetype if there
-- are more than one, excluding conjunctions and parenthetical items); the holonym's index among the holonyms in the
-- template (which specifies what the previous holonym is and whether it is the first holonym); and the full place
-- description (which helps resolve ambiguities in holonyms when looking up known locations). This may involve putting a
-- preposition (&quot;in&quot; or &quot;of&quot;) before the formatted holonym, particularly if it is the first one, and may involve
-- prepending a comma. If `holonym_no_prefix` is specified, nothing except a space is put before the holonym; used
-- when formatting mixed new/old-style descriptions.
local function format_holonym_in_context(entry_placetype, place_desc, holonym_index, holonym_no_prefix)
	local desc = &quot;&quot;

	-- If holonym.placetype is nil, the holonym is just raw text, e.g. 'in southern'.

	if holonym_no_prefix then
		desc = &quot; &quot;
	else
		local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index]
		if not holonym.no_display then
			-- First compute the initial delimiter.
			if holonym_index == 1 then
				if holonym.placetype then
					desc = desc .. &quot; &quot; .. m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(entry_placetype) .. &quot; &quot;
				elseif not holonym.display_placename:find(&quot;^,&quot;) then
					desc = desc .. &quot; &quot;
				end
			else
				local prev_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index - 1]
				if prev_holonym.placetype and not holonym.suppress_comma then
					local dname = holonym.display_placename
					if dname ~= &quot;and&quot; and dname ~= &quot;in&quot; and dname ~= &quot;and the&quot; and dname ~= &quot;in the&quot; and dname ~= &quot;และ&quot; and dname ~= &quot;ใน&quot; then
						desc = desc .. &quot;,&quot;
					end
				end

				if holonym.placetype or not holonym.display_placename:find(&quot;^,&quot;) then
					desc = desc .. &quot; &quot;
				end
			end
		end
	end

	return desc .. format_holonym(place_desc, holonym_index, not holonym_no_prefix and holonym_index == 1)
end


-- Return the linked description of a placetype. This splits off any qualifiers and displays them separately.
local function get_placetype_description(placetype)
	local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	local prefix = &quot;&quot;
	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)
		if this_qualifier then
			prefix = (prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier) .. &quot; &quot;
		else
			prefix = &quot;&quot;
		end
		local display_form = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(bare_placetype)
		if display_form then
			return prefix .. display_form
		end
		placetype = bare_placetype
	end
	return prefix .. placetype
end


-- Return the linked description of a qualifier (which may be multiple words).
local function get_qualifier_description(qualifier)
	local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(qualifier .. &quot; foo&quot;)
	local split = splits[#splits]
	local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)
	return prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
end


-- Format a set of form-of directive terms.
local function format_form_of_directive(overall_place_spec, directive_terms, ucfirst, from_tcl)
	local formatted_terms = {}

	local placetypes
	if not overall_place_spec.descs[2] then
		placetypes = overall_place_spec.descs[1].placetypes
	else
		placetypes = {}
		for _, desc in ipairs(overall_place_spec.descs) do
			m_table.extend(placetypes, desc.placetypes)
		end
	end
	for _, termobj in ipairs(directive_terms.terms) do
		local placename_article
		if not termobj.alt and termobj.term and not termobj.term:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
			placename_article = get_placename_article(termobj.term, placetypes)
		end
		local linked_term = m_links.full_link(termobj, &quot;term&quot;, nil, &quot;show qualifiers&quot;)
		linked_term = &quot;&lt;span class='form-of-definition-link'&gt;&quot; .. linked_term .. &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;
		if termobj.eq then
			linked_term = linked_term .. &quot; (= &quot; .. m_links.full_link {term = termobj.eq, lang = enlang} .. &quot;)&quot;
		end
		if placename_article then
			linked_term = placename_article .. &quot; &quot; .. linked_term
		end
		insert(formatted_terms, linked_term)
	end

	local spec = directive_terms.spec
	local text = spec.text
	if type(text) == &quot;function&quot; then
		text = text(overall_place_spec)
	end
	if text == &quot;+&quot; then
		text = directive_terms.directive
	end
	if ucfirst then
		text = m_strutils.ucfirst(text)
	end
	if not from_tcl then
		local tracking_prefix = &quot;form-of/&quot; .. directive_terms.directive
		track(tracking_prefix)
		local langcode = overall_place_spec.lang:getCode()
		local full_langcode = overall_place_spec.lang:getFullCode()
		track(tracking_prefix .. &quot;/&quot; .. langcode)
		if full_langcode ~= langcode then
			track(tracking_prefix .. &quot;/&quot; .. full_langcode)
		end
		if full_langcode ~= &quot;en&quot; then
			track(tracking_prefix .. &quot;/non-english&quot;)
		end
	end
	return (require(form_of_module).format_form_of {
		text = text,
		lemmas = m_table.serialCommaJoin(formatted_terms, {conj = directive_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or &quot;และ&quot;}),
		lemma_classes = false,
		-- text_classes = &quot;place-text&quot;,
	})
end


-- Format a set of extra-info terms for extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital,
-- largest city, modern name, official name, etc. `overall_place_spec` is the overall parsed {{tl|place}} spec (see
-- comment at top of file); `extra_info_terms` is the terms spec for this type of extra-info (as returned by
-- `parse_extra_info_arg`); and `sentence_style` indicates whether we're generating a sentence-style definition (as
-- suitable for an English-language term without a translation specified using t=).
local function format_extra_info(overall_place_spec, extra_info_terms, sentence_style)
	local formatted_terms = {}

	for _, termobj in ipairs(extra_info_terms.terms) do
		insert(formatted_terms, m_links.full_link(termobj, nil, nil, &quot;show qualifiers&quot;))
	end

	local spec = extra_info_terms.spec
	local text = spec.text
	if type(text) == &quot;function&quot; then
		text = text(overall_place_spec)
	end
	if text == &quot;+&quot; then
		text = spec.arg
	end
	if spec.auto_plural and formatted_terms[2] then
		text = pluralize(text)
	end

	if spec.with_colon then
		text = text .. &quot;:&quot;
	end

	if sentence_style and spec.match_sentence_style then
		text = &quot;. &quot; .. m_strutils.ucfirst(text)
	else
		text = &quot;; &quot; .. text
	end

	-- FIME: Use joinSegments when available.
	-- return text .. &quot; &quot; ..
	--	m_table.joinSegments(formatted_terms, {conj = extra_info_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or &quot;และ&quot;})
	return text .. &quot; &quot; ..
		m_table.serialCommaJoin(formatted_terms, {conj = extra_info_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or &quot;และ&quot;})
end


-- Format an old-style place description (with separate arguments for the placetype and each holonym) for display and
-- return the resulting string.
local function format_old_style_place_desc_for_display(args, place_desc, desc_index, with_article, ucfirst)
	-- The placetype used to determine whether &quot;in&quot; or &quot;of&quot; follows is the last placetype if there are
	-- multiple slash-separated placetypes, but ignoring &quot;และ&quot;, &quot;or&quot; and parenthesized notes
	-- such as &quot;(one of 254)&quot;.
	local entry_placetype = nil
	local placetypes = place_desc.placetypes
	local function is_and_or(item)
		return item == &quot;และ&quot; or item == &quot;หรือ&quot;
	end
	local parts = {}
	local function ins(txt)
		insert(parts, txt)
	end
	local function ins_space()
		if #parts &gt; 0 then
			ins(&quot; &quot;)
		end
	end

	local and_or_pos
	for i, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do
		if is_and_or(placetype) then
			and_or_pos = i
			-- no break here; we want the last in case of more than one
		end
	end

	local remaining_placetype_index
	if and_or_pos then
		track(&quot;multiple-placetypes-with-and&quot;)
		if and_or_pos == #placetypes then
			error(&quot;Conjunctions 'and' and 'or' cannot occur last in a set of slash-separated placetypes: &quot; ..
				concat(placetypes, &quot;/&quot;))
		end
		local items = {}
		for i = 1, and_or_pos + 1 do
			local pt = placetypes[i]
			if is_and_or(pt) then
				-- skip
			elseif i &gt; 1 and pt:find(&quot;^%(&quot;) then
				-- append placetypes beginning with a paren to previous item
				items[#items] = items[#items] .. &quot; &quot; .. pt
			else
				entry_placetype = pt
				insert(items, get_placetype_description(pt))
			end
		end
		ins(m_table.serialCommaJoin(items, {conj = placetypes[and_or_pos]}))
		remaining_placetype_index = and_or_pos + 2
	else
		remaining_placetype_index = 1
	end

	for i = remaining_placetype_index, #placetypes do
		local pt = placetypes[i]
		-- Check for and, or and placetypes beginning with a paren (so that things like
		-- &quot;{{place|en|county/(one of 254)|s/Texas}}&quot; work).
		if m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(pt) then
			ins_space()
			ins(pt)
		else
			entry_placetype = pt
			-- Join multiple placetypes with comma unless placetypes are already
			-- joined with &quot;และ&quot;. We allow &quot;the&quot; to precede the second placetype
			-- if they're not joined with &quot;และ&quot; (so we get &quot;city and county seat of ...&quot;
			-- but &quot;city, the county seat of ...&quot;).
			if i &gt; 1 then
				ins(&quot;, &quot;)
				local article = m_placetypes.get_placetype_article(pt)
				if article ~= &quot;the&quot; and i &gt; remaining_placetype_index then
					-- Track cases where we are comma-separating multiple placetypes without the second one starting
					-- with &quot;the&quot;, as they may be mistakes. The occurrence of &quot;the&quot; is usually intentional, e.g.
					-- {{place|zh|municipality/state capital|s/Rio de Janeiro|c/Brazil|t1=Rio de Janeiro}}
					-- for the city of [[Rio de Janeiro]], which displays as &quot;a municipality, the state capital of ...&quot;.
					track(&quot;multiple-placetypes-without-and-or-the&quot;)
				end
				if article then
					ins(article)
					ins(&quot; &quot;)
				end
			end

			ins(get_placetype_description(pt))
		end
	end

	if place_desc.holonyms then
		for holonym_index, _ in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do
			ins(format_holonym_in_context(entry_placetype, place_desc, holonym_index))
		end
	end

	local gloss = concat(parts)

	if with_article then
		local article
		if desc_index == 1 then
			article = args.a
		else
			if not place_desc.holonyms then
				-- there isn't a following holonym; the place type given might be raw text as well, so don't add
				-- an article.
				with_article = false
			else
				local saw_placetype_holonym = false
				for _, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do
					if holonym.placetype then
						saw_placetype_holonym = true
						break
					end
				end
				if not saw_placetype_holonym then
					-- following holonym(s)s is/are just raw text; the place type given might be raw text as well,
					-- so don't add an article.
					with_article = false
				end
			end
			if with_article then
				track(&quot;second-or-higher-description-with-added-article&quot;)
			else
				track(&quot;second-or-higher-description-suppressed-article&quot;)
			end
		end
		if with_article then
			article = article or m_placetypes.get_placetype_article(place_desc.placetypes[1], ucfirst)
			if article then
				gloss = article .. &quot; &quot; .. gloss
			elseif ucfirst then
				gloss = m_strutils.ucfirst(gloss)
			end
		end
	end

	return gloss
end


--[==[
Get the full gloss (English description) of a new-style place description. New-style place descriptions are
specified with a single string containing raw text interspersed with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `&lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt;`.
Exported for use by [[Module:demonyms]].
]==]
function export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display(args, place_desc, with_article)
	local parts = {}
	local function ins(txt)
		insert(parts, txt)
	end

	if with_article and args.a then
		ins(args.a .. &quot; &quot;)
	end

	local max_holonym = 0
	for _, order in ipairs(place_desc.order) do
		local segment_type, segment = order.type, order.value
		if segment_type == &quot;raw&quot; then
			ins(segment)
		elseif segment_type == &quot;placetype&quot; then
			ins(get_placetype_description(segment))
		elseif segment_type == &quot;qualifier&quot; then
			ins(get_qualifier_description(segment))
		elseif segment_type == &quot;holonym&quot; then
			ins(format_holonym(place_desc, segment, false))
			if segment &gt; max_holonym then
				max_holonym = segment
			end
		else
			internal_error(&quot;Unrecognized segment type %s&quot;, segment_type)
		end
	end

	if place_desc.holonyms and max_holonym &lt; #place_desc.holonyms then
		local holonym_no_prefix = true
		for holonym_index = max_holonym + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
			ins(format_holonym_in_context(nil, place_desc, holonym_index, holonym_no_prefix))
			holonym_no_prefix = false
		end
	end

	return concat(parts)
end


-- Return a string with the gloss (the description of the place itself, as opposed to translations). If `ucfirst` is
-- given, the gloss's first letter is made upper case. If `sentence_style` is given, the &quot;extra info&quot; (modern name,
-- capital, largest city, etc.) is displayed as separated sentences; otherwise, it is displayed separated from the main
-- definition by semicolons.
local function get_display_form(data)
	local overall_place_spec, ucfirst, sentence_style, drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl =
		data.overall_place_spec, data.ucfirst, data.sentence_style, data.drop_extra_info,
		data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.from_tcl
	local args = overall_place_spec.args
	local parts = {}
	local function ins(txt)
		table.insert(parts, txt)
	end

	if overall_place_spec.directives and overall_place_spec.directives[1] then
		for i, directive_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
			ins(directive_terms.pretext)
			if directive_terms.pretext ~= &quot;&quot; then
				ucfirst = false
			end
			if not args.def or args.def == &quot;-&quot; then
				ins(format_form_of_directive(overall_place_spec, directive_terms, ucfirst, from_tcl))
				ucfirst = false
				if i == #overall_place_spec.directives and directive_terms.posttext then
					ins(directive_terms.posttext)
				end
			end
		end
	end
	if args.def == &quot;-&quot; then
		return concat(parts)
	end
	if args.def then
		if args.def:find(&quot;&lt;&lt;&quot;) then
			local def_desc = export.parse_new_style_place_desc(args.def, args[1])
			ins(export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display({}, def_desc, false))
		else
			ins(args.def)
		end
	else
		local include_article = true
		for n, desc in ipairs(overall_place_spec.descs) do
			if desc.order then
				ins(export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display(args, desc, n == 1))
			else
				ins(format_old_style_place_desc_for_display(args, desc, n, include_article, ucfirst))
			end
			if desc.joiner then
				ins(desc.joiner)
			end
			include_article = desc.include_following_article
			ucfirst = false
		end
	end

	local addl = args.addl
	if addl then
		posttext = posttext or &quot;&quot;
		if addl:find(&quot;^[;:]&quot;) then
			ins(addl)
		elseif addl:find(&quot;^_&quot;) then
			ins(&quot; &quot; .. addl:sub(2))
		else
			ins(&quot;, &quot; .. addl)
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		-- Include a given extra info term either when
		-- (1) drop_extra_info not set (it's set by {{tcl}}), or
		-- (2) the extra info term is marked as &quot;display even when dropped&quot; (e.g. modern= or full=, to help understand
		--     the term's sense), or
		-- (3) the term was overridden by a `place_*=` setting in {{tcl}}.
		if not drop_extra_info or extra_info_terms.spec.display_even_when_dropped or
			extra_info_overridden_set and extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_terms.spec.arg] then
			ins(format_extra_info(overall_place_spec, extra_info_terms, sentence_style))
		end
	end

	return concat(parts)
end

-- Return the definition line.
local function get_def(data)
	local overall_place_spec, from_tcl, drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set, translation_follows =
		data.overall_place_spec, data.from_tcl, data.drop_extra_info, data.extra_info_overridden_set,
		data.translation_follows
	local args = overall_place_spec.args
	local sentence_style = overall_place_spec.lang:getCode() == &quot;en&quot;
	local ucfirst = sentence_style and not args.nocap
	if #args.t &gt; 0 then
		local gloss = get_display_form {
			overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec,
			ucfirst = false,
			sentence_style = false,
			drop_extra_info = drop_extra_info,
			extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set,
			from_tcl = from_tcl,
		}
		if from_tcl and not args.tcl_nolc then
			gloss = m_strutils.lcfirst(gloss)
		end
		if translation_follows then
			return (gloss == &quot;&quot; and &quot;&quot; or gloss .. &quot;: &quot;) .. get_translations(args.t, args.tid)
		else
			return get_translations(args.t, args.tid) .. (gloss == &quot;&quot; and &quot;&quot; or &quot; (&quot; .. gloss .. &quot;)&quot;)
		end
	else
		return get_display_form {
			overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec,
			ucfirst = ucfirst,
			sentence_style = sentence_style,
			drop_extra_info = drop_extra_info,
			extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set,
			from_tcl = from_tcl,
		}
	end
end


---------- Functions for the category wikicode

-- The code in this section finds the categories to which a given place belongs. See comment at top of file.

--[=[
Find the appropriate category specs for a given place description and placetype. For example, for the template
invocation {{tl|place|en|city/and/county|s/Pennsylvania|c/US}}, which results in the place description

```
{
	placetypes = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;และ&quot;, &quot;county&quot;},
	holonyms = {
		{placetype = &quot;state&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
		{placetype = &quot;country&quot;, display_placename = &quot;United States&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;United States&quot;},
	},
	holonyms_by_placetype = {
		state = {&quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
		country = {&quot;United States&quot;},
	},
}
```

the call

```
find_placetype_cat_specs {
	entry_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	place_desc = {
		placetypes = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;และ&quot;, &quot;county&quot;},
		holonyms = {
			{placetype = &quot;state&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
			{placetype = &quot;country&quot;, display_placename = &quot;United States&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;United States&quot;},
		},
		holonyms_by_placetype = {
			state = {&quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
			country = {&quot;United States&quot;},
		},
	},
}
```

might produce the return value

```
{
	entry_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	cat_specs = {&quot;Cities in Pennsylvania, USA&quot;},
	triggering_holonym = {placetype = &quot;state&quot;, display_placename = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, unlinked_placename = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
	triggering_holonym_index = 1,
}
```

See the comment at the top of the section for a description of category specs and the overall algorithm.

On entry, `data` is an object with the following fields:
* `entry_placetype`: the entry placetype (or equivalent) used to look up the category data in placetype_data,
  which must have already been resolved to a placetype with an entry in `placetype_data`;
* `place_desc`: the full place description as documented at the top of the file (used only for its holonyms);
* `first_holonym_index`: the index of the first holonym to consider when iterating through the holonyms (used to
  implement the `:also` holonym placetype modifier);
* `overriding_holonym`: an optional overriding holonym to use, in place of iterating through the holonyms (used to
  implement categorizing other holonyms of the same type as the triggering holonym, so that e.g.
  {{tl|place|en|river|s/Kansas,Nebraska}}, or equivalently {{tl|place|en|river|s/Kansas|and|s/Nebraska}}, works);
* `from_demonym`: we are called from {{tl|demonym-noun}} or {{tl|demonym-adj}} instead of {{tl|place}}, and should
  generate categories appropriate to those templates.
* `form_of_directive`: A form-of directive prefix such as `FORMER_NAME_OF`. If specified, use that type prefix to
  generate categories appropriate to the form-of directive (in addition to the regular categories generated for the
  {{tl|place}} invocation, which happens in a separate call).

The return value is {nil} if no category specs could be located, otherwise an object with the following fields:
* `entry_placetype`: the placetype that should be used to construct categories when `true` is one of the returned
  category specs (normally the same as the `entry_placetype` passed in, but will be different when a &quot;fallback&quot; key
  exists and is used);
* `cat_specs`: list of category specs as described above;
* `triggering_holonym`: the triggering holonym (see the comment at the top of the section), or nil if there was no
  triggering holonym;
* `triggering_holonym_index`: the index of the triggering holonym in the list of holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if
  an overriding holonym was passed in or there was no triggering holonym.
]=]
local function find_placetype_cat_specs(data)
	local entry_placetype, place_desc, first_holonym_index, overriding_holonym, from_demonym =
		data.entry_placetype, data.place_desc, data.first_holonym_index, data.overriding_holonym, data.from_demonym
	local form_of_directive = data.form_of_directive
	local function fetch_cat_specs(holonym_to_match, index, no_fallback)
		local holonym_placetype = holonym_to_match.placetype
		if not holonym_placetype then
			-- raw text in place of holonym
			return nil
		end
		local holonym_placename = holonym_to_match.unlinked_placename
		if not holonym_placename then
			internal_error(&quot;Missing unlinked_placename in holonym (index %s): %s&quot;, index, holonym_to_match)
		end

		local cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype,
			function(equiv_entry_pt)
				return m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype,
					function(equiv_holonym_pt) return m_placetypes.political_division_cat_handler {
						entry_placetype = equiv_entry_pt,
						holonym_placetype = equiv_holonym_pt,
						holonym_placename = holonym_placename,
						holonym_index = index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
						from_demonym = from_demonym,
					} end)
			end,
			{no_fallback = no_fallback, form_of_directive = form_of_directive}
		)
		if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then
			return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype
		end
		local cat_handler, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype,
			function(equiv_entry_pt)
				local entry_placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data[equiv_entry_pt]
				if entry_placetype_data and entry_placetype_data.cat_handler then
					return entry_placetype_data.cat_handler
				end
			end,
			{no_fallback = no_fallback, form_of_directive = form_of_directive}
		)
		if cat_handler then
			local cat_specs = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype,
				function(equiv_holonym_pt) return cat_handler {
					entry_placetype = equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype,
					holonym_placetype = equiv_holonym_pt,
					holonym_placename = holonym_placename,
					holonym_index = index,
					place_desc = place_desc,
					from_demonym = from_demonym,
				} end)
			if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then
				return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype
			end
		end
		if not no_fallback then
			local cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype,
				function(equiv_entry_pt)
					local entry_placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data[equiv_entry_pt]
					if entry_placetype_data then
						return m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype,
							function(equiv_holonym_pt)
								return entry_placetype_data[equiv_holonym_pt .. &quot;/*&quot;]
							end)
					end
				end,
				{form_of_directive = form_of_directive}
			)
			if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then
				return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype
			end
		end
		return nil
	end

	if overriding_holonym then
		-- FIXME, change the algorithm to eliminate overriding_holonym
		local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(overriding_holonym, nil)
		if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then
			return {
				entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype,
				cat_specs = cat_specs,
				triggering_holonym = overriding_holonym,
				-- no triggering_holonym_index
			}
		end
	else

		-- We loop twice over holonyms, the first time setting `no_fallback` so that we process only category specs for
		-- the specifically given entry placetype (possibly with preceding qualifiers).  The reason for this is to
		-- correctly handle cases like [[Poblacion IX]]:
		-- {{place|en|barangay|mun/Roxas|p/Capiz|c/Philippines}}.
		-- &quot;barangay&quot; falls back to &quot;neighborhood&quot;, and without the `no_fallback` loop, the neighborhood cat handler run
		-- on the mun/Roxas holonym will take precedence over the barangay-specific setting for p/Capiz because we
		-- check, for each holonym in turn, first for a matching spec through political_division_cat_handler, then a cat
		-- handler, then a wildcard spec like country/*. During the first no-fallback loop, we disable checking for
		-- wildcard specs because it seems a fallback matching exactly or through a cat handler on an earlier holonym
		-- would be better than a wildcard match for the exact entry placetype at a later holonym. (FIXME: But I don't
		-- know for sure; maybe we should check wildcard holonyms on the exact entry placetype first, or contrariwise
		-- maybe we should check only exact-match holonyms through political_division_cat_handler on the exact entry
		-- placetype first, not even checking other cat handlers.)
		for i, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do
			if first_holonym_index and i &lt; first_holonym_index then
				-- continue
			else
				local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(holonym, i, &quot;no_fallback&quot;)
				if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then
					return {
						entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype,
						cat_specs = cat_specs,
						triggering_holonym = holonym,
						triggering_holonym_index = i,
					}
				end
			end
		end
		for i, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do
			if first_holonym_index and i &lt; first_holonym_index then
				-- continue
			else
				local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(holonym, i)
				if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then
					return {
						entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype,
						cat_specs = cat_specs,
						triggering_holonym = holonym,
						triggering_holonym_index = i,
					}
				end
			end
		end
	end

	return nil
end


-- Turn a list of category specs (see comment at section top) into the corresponding categories (minus the language
-- code prefix). The function is given the following arguments:
-- (1) the category specs retrieved using find_placetype_cat_specs();
-- (2) the entry placetype used to fetch the entry in `placetype_data`
-- (3) the triggering holonym (a holonym object; see comment at top of file) used to fetch the category specs
--     (see top-of-section comment); or nil if no triggering holonym.
-- The return value is constructed as described in the top-of-section comment.
local function cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, cat_data)
	local all_cats = {}

	local cat_specs, entry_placetype, triggering_holonym, triggering_holonym_index =
		cat_data.cat_specs, cat_data.entry_placetype, cat_data.triggering_holonym, cat_data.triggering_holonym_index
	if triggering_holonym then
		for _, cat_spec in ipairs(cat_specs) do
			local cat
			if cat_spec == true then
				cat = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype, &quot;ucfirst&quot;) .. &quot; &quot; ..
					m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(entry_placetype) .. &quot; +++&quot;
			else
				cat = cat_spec
			end

			if cat:find(&quot;%+%+%+&quot;) then
				local group, key, spec, container_trail = m_placetypes.find_matching_holonym_location {
					holonym_placetype = triggering_holonym.placetype,
					holonym_placename = triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename,
					holonym_index = triggering_holonym_index,
					place_desc = place_desc,
				}
				if group then
					cat = cat:gsub(&quot;%+%+%+&quot;, m_strutils.replacement_escape(m_placetypes.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
					insert(all_cats, cat)
				else
					mw.log((&quot;Unable to insert category for cat spec '%s' because holonym '%s/%s' did not match a &quot; ..
						&quot;known location&quot;):format(cat, triggering_holonym.placetype, triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename))
					track(&quot;cant-match-holonym-for-category-spec&quot;)
				end
			else
				insert(all_cats, cat)
			end
		end
	else
		for _, cat_spec in ipairs(cat_specs) do
			local cat
			if cat_spec == true then
				cat = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype, &quot;ucfirst&quot;)
			else
				cat = cat_spec
				if cat:find(&quot;%+%+%+&quot;) then
					internal_error(&quot;Category %s contains +++ but there is no holonym to substitute&quot;, cat)
				end
			end
			insert(all_cats, cat)
		end
	end

	return all_cats
end


-- Return the categories (without initial lang code) that should be added to the entry, given the place description
-- (which specifies the entry placetype(s) and holonym(s); see top of file) and a particular entry placetype (e.g.
-- &quot;city&quot;). Note that only the holonyms from the place description are looked at, not the entry placetypes in the place
-- description.
local function get_placetype_cats(place_desc, entry_placetype, from_demonym, form_of_directive)
	local cats = {}

	local first_holonym_index = 1
	while first_holonym_index &lt;= #place_desc.holonyms do
		-- Find the category specs (see top-of-file comment) corresponding to the holonym(s) in the place description.
		local cat_data = find_placetype_cat_specs {
			entry_placetype = entry_placetype,
			place_desc = place_desc,
			first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index,
			from_demonym = from_demonym,
			form_of_directive = form_of_directive,
		}

		-- Check if no category spec could be found.
		if not cat_data then
			break
		end

		local triggering_holonym = cat_data.triggering_holonym
		if not triggering_holonym then
			internal_error(&quot;find_placetype_cat_specs should have returned a triggering holonym: %s&quot;, cat_data)
		end

		-- Generate categories for the category specs found.
		extend(cats, cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, cat_data))

		-- Also generate categories for other holonyms of the same placetype, so that e.g.
		-- {{place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri|c/USA}} generates both [[:Category:en:Cities in Kansas, USA]] and
		-- [[:Category:en:Cities in Missouri, USA]].
		first_holonym_index = cat_data.triggering_holonym_index

		-- Loop over non-fallback equivalent placetypes to the triggering holonym's placetype, in case it is
		-- non-canonical (e.g. `cities/San Francisco`). This matches the loop over equivalent places in
		-- key_holonym_into_place_desc().
		local equiv_triggering_placetypes = m_placetypes.get_placetype_equivs(triggering_holonym.placetype,
			{no_fallback = true})
		for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_triggering_placetypes) do
			local other_holonyms_of_same_type = place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[equiv.placetype]
			if other_holonyms_of_same_type then
				for _, other_placename_of_same_type in ipairs(other_holonyms_of_same_type) do
					if other_placename_of_same_type ~= triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename then
						local overriding_holonym = {
							placetype = triggering_holonym.placetype,
							unlinked_placename = other_placename_of_same_type,
						}
						local other_cat_data = find_placetype_cat_specs {
							entry_placetype = entry_placetype,
							place_desc = place_desc,
							overriding_holonym = overriding_holonym,
							from_demonym = from_demonym,
							form_of_directive = form_of_directive,
						}
						if other_cat_data then
							extend(cats, cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, other_cat_data))
						end
					end
				end
			end
		end

		-- If there are any later-specified holonyms that had the modifier :also, try to produce categories for them
		-- as well.
		first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index + 1
		while first_holonym_index &lt;= #place_desc.holonyms do
			if place_desc.holonyms[first_holonym_index].continue_cat_loop then
				break
			end
			first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index + 1
		end
	end

	if cats[1] then
		return cats
	end

	local entry_pt_default, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier =
		m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(pt)
			return m_placetypes.placetype_data[pt] and m_placetypes.placetype_data[pt].default
		end,
		{form_of_directive = form_of_directive})

	if entry_pt_default then
		return cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, {
			cat_specs = entry_pt_default,
			entry_placetype = equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype,
			-- no triggering holonym
		})
	end

	return {}
end


--[==[
Iterate through each type of place and return a list of the categories that need to be added to the entry. The returned
categories need to be formatted using `format_cats`, as they can be either topic-style categories (by default) or
langname-style categories (if prefixed with `cln:`). The function is passed the overall place spec, which contains all
the parsed info on the {{tl|place}} call (see comment at top of file), the parsed arguments (needed for arguments
not parsed by `parse_overall_place_spec` and used primarily to add &quot;bare categories&quot; corresponding to toponyms for known
locations), and `from_demonym`, which is true if we're being called from {{tl|demonym-noun}} or {{tl|demonym-adj}} (in
this case, we only want certain categories added, specifically bare categories corresponding to the specified
holonym(s)).
]==]
function export.get_cats(args, overall_place_spec, from_demonym)
	local cats = {}
	local place_descriptions = overall_place_spec.descs

	handle_category_implications(place_descriptions, m_placetypes.cat_implications)
	m_placetypes.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descriptions)

	if overall_place_spec.directives then -- not necessarily when called from [[Module:demonym]]
		for _, directive_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
			local spec_cats = directive_terms.spec.cat
			if spec_cats then
				if type(spec_cats) == &quot;string&quot; then
					spec_cats = {spec_cats}
				end
				for _, spec_cat in ipairs(spec_cats) do
					insert(cats, spec_cat)
				end
			end
			if directive_terms.spec.type_prefix then
				for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do
					for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
						if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
							extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, placetype, from_demonym,
								directive_terms.spec.type_prefix))
						end
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end

	if not from_demonym then
		local bare_categories = m_placetypes.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
		extend(cats, bare_categories)
	end

	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do
		if not from_demonym then
			for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
				if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
					extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, placetype))
				end
			end
		end
		-- Also add generic place categories for the holonyms listed (e.g. a category like
		-- [[Category:Places in Merseyside, England]]). This is handled through the special placetype &quot;*&quot;.
		extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, &quot;*&quot;, from_demonym))
	end

	if args.cat then -- not necessarily when called from [[Module:demonym]]
		for _, cat in ipairs(args.cat) do
			local split_cats = split_on_comma(cat)
			extend(cats, split_cats)
		end
	end

	return cats
end


-- Return the category link for a category, given the language code and the name of the category.
local function format_cats(lang, cats, sort_key)
	local full_cats = {}
	local langcode = lang:getFullCode()
	for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do
		-- 'cln' corresponds to {{cln}}, which generates lang-name categories like [[:Category:English abbreviations]]
		-- (as opposed to topic categories like [[:Category:en:Abbreviations of states of the United States]]).
		local cln_cat = cat:match(&quot;^cln:(.*)$&quot;)
		if cln_cat then
			insert(full_cats, lang:getFullName() .. &quot; &quot; .. cln_cat)
		else
			insert(full_cats, langcode .. &quot;:&quot; .. cat)
		end
	end
	return require(utilities_module).format_categories(full_cats, lang, sort_key, nil,
		force_cat or m_placetypes.get_force_cat())
end


----------- Main entry point


--[==[
Implementation of {{tl|place}}. Meant to be callable from another module (specifically, [[Module:transclude]]). The
single argument `data` is an object with the following fields:
* `template_args`: Raw arguments specified by {{tl|place}}, possibly modified by {{tl|tcl}}.
* `from_tcl`: True if we're being invoked from {{tl|tcl}}.
* `drop_extra_info`: True if we should drop most of the &quot;extra info&quot; specified using extra info arguments (capital,
	largest city, etc.). Usually true when invoked from {{tl|tcl}}. Note that some extra info is still displayed even
	when `drop_extra_info` is set in order to establish the context (e.g. {{para|full}} and {{para|modern}}), and any
	extra info overridden at the {{tl|tcl}} level is displayed regardless.
* `extra_info_overridden_set`: Set of booleans specifying, for each extra info arg, whether it was overridden at the
	{{tl|tcl}} level. This means, for example, that the values are interpreted according to the language in {{para|1}}
	instead of always defaulting to English, as is the case when {{tl|place}} is called directly.
* `form_of_overridden_args`: Set of objects of the form `{new_directive = ``directive``, new_value = ``value``}` for
	overriding a given form-of directive (the key) with new directive ``directive`` and new unparsed value ``value``.
	Both the key and the replacing directive should be canonical. ``value`` will be parsed in the same way as a regular
	form-of directive except that all specified terms are interpreted in the language specified in {{para|1}}, never in
	English. This is present so that {{tl|tcl}} can be used on abbreviations like [[GDR]] and [[FYROM]], whose
	equivalents in a foreign language have language-specific expansions but where the rest of the call should stay the
	same.
* `translation_follows`: If true, any translation specified using t= should follow the definition, after a colon,
	rather than preceding, with the definition in parens.
]==]
function export.format(data)
	local template_args = data.template_args
	local list_param = {list = true}
	local boolean_param = {type = &quot;boolean&quot;}
	local params = {
		[1] = {required = true, type = &quot;language&quot;, default = &quot;und&quot;},
		[2] = {required = true, list = true},
		[&quot;t&quot;] = list_param,
		[&quot;tid&quot;] = {list = true, allow_holes = true},
		[&quot;cat&quot;] = list_param,
		[&quot;nocat&quot;] = boolean_param,
		[&quot;nocap&quot;] = boolean_param,
		[&quot;sort&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;pagename&quot;] = true, -- for testing or documentation purposes

		[&quot;a&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;addl&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;def&quot;] = true,

		-- params that are only used when transcluding using {{tcl}}/{{transclude}}, to transmit information to {{tcl}}.
		[&quot;tcl&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;tcl_t&quot;] = list_param,
		[&quot;tcl_tid&quot;] = list_param,
		[&quot;tcl_nolb&quot;] = true,
		[&quot;tcl_nolc&quot;] = boolean_param,
		[&quot;tcl_noextratext&quot;] = boolean_param,
	}

	-- add &quot;extra info&quot; parameters
	for _, extra_arg_spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do
		params[extra_arg_spec.arg] = list_param
	end

	-- FIXME, once we've flushed out any uses, delete the following clause. That will cause def= to be ignored.
	if template_args.def == &quot;&quot; then
		error(&quot;Cannot currently pass def= as an empty parameter; use def=- if you want to suppress the definition display&quot;)
	end
	local args = require(&quot;Module:parameters&quot;).process(template_args, params)
	if args.a then
		track(&quot;a&quot;)
		if args.a:find(&quot;^[Aa]n?$&quot;) or args.a:find(&quot;^[Tt]he$&quot;) then
			track(&quot;a/article&quot;)
		else
			error(&quot;a= can only be used to specify a definite or indefinite article (and preferably use |nocap=1 instead to get the initial letter lowercase); see especially the documentation on the [[Template:place#Mixed format|mixed format]], which can be used to add arbitrary text before the placetype&quot;)
		end
	end
	data.args = args
	local overall_place_spec = parse_overall_place_spec(data)
	data.overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec

	return get_def(data) .. (
		args.nocat and &quot;&quot; or format_cats(args[1], export.get_cats(args, overall_place_spec), args.sort))
end


--[==[
Actual entry point of {{tl|place}}.
]==]
function export.show(frame)
	return export.format {
		template_args = frame:getParent().args,
	}
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>0rppoj57xhucot7aupsiwb6aditbxwg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>შრი-ლანკა</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>311493</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715216</id>
      <parentid>1580974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:14:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาจอร์เจีย */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715216</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="240" sha1="npuk6i14nyamhf62sltxlmr0wg1r5hd" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาจอร์เจีย ==
{{wp|ka:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{ka-IPA}}
* {{ka-hyphen}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ka-proper noun}}

# {{tcl|ka|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}</text>
      <sha1>npuk6i14nyamhf62sltxlmr0wg1r5hd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>မႄႈႁွင်ႈသွၼ်</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>432325</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715191</id>
      <parentid>5632597</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T13:24:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ai Ku Karng</username>
        <id>17824</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาไทใหญ่ */</comment>
      <origin>5715191</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="407" sha1="lax7ifhffvpk779mf95lkaemlb6cos4" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทใหญ่ ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|nod|ᨾᩯ᩵ᩁᩬ᩵ᨦᩈᩬᩁ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{shn-pron|မႄႈ-ႁွင်ႈ-သွၼ်}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{shn-proper noun}}

# [[แม่ฮ่องสอน]]

{{topics|shn|แม่ฮ่องสอน}}</text>
      <sha1>lax7ifhffvpk779mf95lkaemlb6cos4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715196</id>
      <parentid>5715191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T13:58:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ai Ku Karng</username>
        <id>17824</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาไทใหญ่ */</comment>
      <origin>5715196</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="494" sha1="cs54of1uq5e1lx7zpr49ahagi8yz0q4" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทใหญ่ ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|nod|ᨾᩯ᩵ᩁᩬ᩵ᨦᩈᩬᩁ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{shn-pron|မႄႈ-ႁွင်ႈ-သွၼ်}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{shn-proper noun}}

# [[แม่ฮ่องสอน]]

{{topics|shn|แม่ฮ่องสอน}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|th|แม่ฮ่องสอน|bor=1}}</text>
      <sha1>cs54of1uq5e1lx7zpr49ahagi8yz0q4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ผู้ใช้:Octahedron80/กระบะทราย11</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>1053810</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715229</id>
      <parentid>5685448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:55:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715229</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18432" sha1="hgjgoyjvnx1flfbpgmq7nj1m1tafm8r" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=holy [[Lanka]]}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{sid|en|Q854}}{{place|en|island/and/country|r/South Asia|off the coast of [[India]]|capital=Colombo|official=Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka}}.
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|no longer used}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|archaic}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|archaic}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ====
{{trans-top-see|id=Q854|an island and country in South Asia|Ceylon}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|Sri Lanka}}
* Albanian: {{t|sq|Sri Lanka|f}}
* Amharic: {{t|am|ሽሪ ላንካ}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|سِرِيلَانْكَا|f}}, {{t|ar|سَرَنْدِيب|f}} {{q|archaic}}, {{t|ar|سَيْلَان|f}} {{q|archaic}}
* Aramaic:
*: Classical Syriac: {{t|syc|ܣܝܪܢܕܝܒ|tr=sīrandīb}}
* Armenian: {{t|hy|Շրի Լանկա}}
* Assamese: {{t|as|শ্ৰীলংকা}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|Sri Lanka}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|Şri-Lanka}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|Шры-Ланка́|f}}, {{t|be|Шры-Ла́нка|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|শ্রীলঙ্কা}}
* Breton: {{t|br|Sri Lanka}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|Шри Ла́нка}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|သီရိလင်္ကာ}}, {{t|my|သီဟိုဠ်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|Sri Lanka|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|斯里蘭卡}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|斯里蘭卡}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|Srí Lanka|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Dhivehi: {{t|dv|އޮޅުދޫކަރަ}}, {{t|dv|ސިރީލަންކާ}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Dzongkha: {{t|dz|ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|Lanko}}, {{t|eo|Sri-Lanko}}, {{t+|eo|Srilanko}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|Sri Lanka}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|Sri Lanka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|Sri Lanka}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|Sri Lanka}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|შრი-ლანკა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Sri Lanka}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|Σρι Λάνκα|f}}
*: Ancient Greek: {{t|grc|Ταπροβάνη}}
* Gujarati: {{t|gu|શ્રીલંકા}}
* Hausa: {{t|ha|Siri Lanka}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|סְרִי לַנְקָה|f|tr=sri lanka}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|श्रीलंका|m}}, {{t+|hi|सिंहल|m}}, {{t+|hi|श्रीलङ्का|m}}, {{t+|hi|सिंघल|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|Srí Lanka}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|Sri Lanka}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|Sri Lanka}}
* Inuktitut: {{t|iu|ᔅᕇ ᓛᓐᑲ}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|Srí Lanca|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|Sri Lanka|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|スリランカ|tr=Suriranka}}
* Kalenjin: {{t|kln|Srilanka}}
* Kamba: {{t|kam|Srilanka}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾ}}
* Kazakh: {{t+|kk|Шри-Ланка}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ស្រីលង្កា}}
* Kikuyu: {{t|ki|Srilanka}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|^스리랑카}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|Srî Lanka}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|Шри-Ланка}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ສີລັງກາ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|Tāprobanē|f}} {{q|island, the ancient name}}, {{t|la|Srilanca|f}} {{q|New Latin}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|Šrilanka|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|Šri Lanka|f}}
* Lü: {{t|khb|ᦟᧂᦂᦱ}}
* Luhya: {{t|luy|Srilanka}}
* Luo: {{t|luo|Srilanka}}
* Macedonian: {{t+|mk|Шри Ланка|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|Sri Lanka}}, {{t|ms|Seri Langka}} {{q|rare}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|ശ്രീലങ്ക}}
* Maltese: {{t+|mt|Sri Lanka}}
* Māori: {{t|mi|Hīraka}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|श्रीलंका}}
* Meru: {{t|mer|Srilanka}}, {{t|mer|Srilanka}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|mn|Шри-Ланка}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|Swii Lankʼa}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|Sri Lanka}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|Sri Lanka|n}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t+|nn|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|Deprobane|f}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|سريلانکا|f|tr=srilānkā}}
* Persian:
*: Iranian Persian: {{t|fa-ira|سِری‌لانْکا}}, {{t|fa-ira|سَرَنْدیپ}} {{q|archaic}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|Sri Lanka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|Sri Lanka}}
* Prakrit:
*: Ashokan Prakrit: {{t|inc-ash|𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀁𑀦𑀺|f}}
* Punjabi: {{t|pa|ਸ੍ਰੀ ਲੰਕਾ}}
* Romanian: {{t|ro|Sri Lanca}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|Шри-Ла́нка|f}}, {{t+|ru|Шри-Ланка́|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t|sa|श्रीलङ्का}}, {{t|sa|श्री लङ्का}}
* Santali: {{t|sat|ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|Шри̑ Ла̑нка|f}}
*: Latin: {{t+|sh|Šrȋ Lȃnka|f}}
* Shan: {{t|shn|သီႇရီႉလင်ႇၵႃႇ}}, {{t+|shn|သီႇႁူဝ်ႇ}}, {{t|shn|ႀီႇႁူဝ်ႇ}}
* Sindhi: {{t|sd|سري لنڪا}}, {{t|sd|سريلنڪا}}
* Sinhalese: {{t+|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, {{t|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|Srí Lanka|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|Šrilanka|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|Sri Lanka}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|Sirilanka}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|Sri Langka}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|Шри-Ланка}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|இலங்கை}}, {{t+|ta|ஈழம்}} {{q|archaic, political}}
* Tatar: {{t|tt|Шри-Ланка}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|శ్రీలంక}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ศรีลังกา}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|སེང་ག་གླིང}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|Sri Lanka}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|Şri-Lanka}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|Шрі-Ланка́|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|سِری لَن٘کا|m|tr=sirī laṅkā}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|سرىلانكا}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|Shri-Lanka}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|Xri Lan-ca}}, {{t+|vi|Tích Lan}} {{q|dated}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|סרי לאַנקאַ}}
* Yoruba: {{t|yo|Siri Láńkà}}
* Zhuang: {{t|za|Swhlijlanzgaj}}
{{trans-bottom}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== Central Huasteca Nahuatl ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nch|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nch|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{PAGENAME}}|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'yı|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'ya|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'da|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'dan|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>hgjgoyjvnx1flfbpgmq7nj1m1tafm8r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715230</id>
      <parentid>5715229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:56:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* รากศัพท์ */</comment>
      <origin>5715230</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18468" sha1="qfmse2c14y9g4p8wsrto772hu32yahs" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{sid|en|Q854}}{{place|en|island/and/country|r/South Asia|off the coast of [[India]]|capital=Colombo|official=Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka}}.
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|no longer used}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|archaic}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|archaic}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ====
{{trans-top-see|id=Q854|an island and country in South Asia|Ceylon}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|Sri Lanka}}
* Albanian: {{t|sq|Sri Lanka|f}}
* Amharic: {{t|am|ሽሪ ላንካ}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|سِرِيلَانْكَا|f}}, {{t|ar|سَرَنْدِيب|f}} {{q|archaic}}, {{t|ar|سَيْلَان|f}} {{q|archaic}}
* Aramaic:
*: Classical Syriac: {{t|syc|ܣܝܪܢܕܝܒ|tr=sīrandīb}}
* Armenian: {{t|hy|Շրի Լանկա}}
* Assamese: {{t|as|শ্ৰীলংকা}}
* Asturian: {{t+|ast|Sri Lanka}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|Şri-Lanka}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|Шры-Ланка́|f}}, {{t|be|Шры-Ла́нка|f}}
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|শ্রীলঙ্কা}}
* Breton: {{t|br|Sri Lanka}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|Шри Ла́нка}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|သီရိလင်္ကာ}}, {{t|my|သီဟိုဠ်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|Sri Lanka|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|斯里蘭卡}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|斯里蘭卡}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|Srí Lanka|f}}
* Danish: {{t|da|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Dhivehi: {{t|dv|އޮޅުދޫކަރަ}}, {{t|dv|ސިރީލަންކާ}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Dzongkha: {{t|dz|ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|Lanko}}, {{t|eo|Sri-Lanko}}, {{t+|eo|Srilanko}}
* Estonian: {{t+|et|Sri Lanka}}
* Faroese: {{t|fo|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|Sri Lanka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|Sri Lanka}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|Sri Lanka}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|შრი-ლანკა}}
* German: {{t+|de|Sri Lanka}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|Σρι Λάνκα|f}}
*: Ancient Greek: {{t|grc|Ταπροβάνη}}
* Gujarati: {{t|gu|શ્રીલંકા}}
* Hausa: {{t|ha|Siri Lanka}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|סְרִי לַנְקָה|f|tr=sri lanka}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|श्रीलंका|m}}, {{t+|hi|सिंहल|m}}, {{t+|hi|श्रीलङ्का|m}}, {{t+|hi|सिंघल|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|Srí Lanka}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|Sri Lanka}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|Sri Lanka}}
* Inuktitut: {{t|iu|ᔅᕇ ᓛᓐᑲ}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|Srí Lanca|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|Sri Lanka|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|スリランカ|tr=Suriranka}}
* Kalenjin: {{t|kln|Srilanka}}
* Kamba: {{t|kam|Srilanka}}
* Kannada: {{t+|kn|ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾ}}
* Kazakh: {{t+|kk|Шри-Ланка}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ស្រីលង្កា}}
* Kikuyu: {{t|ki|Srilanka}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|^스리랑카}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|Srî Lanka}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|Шри-Ланка}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ສີລັງກາ}}
* Latin: {{t|la|Tāprobanē|f}} {{q|island, the ancient name}}, {{t|la|Srilanca|f}} {{q|New Latin}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|Šrilanka|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|Šri Lanka|f}}
* Lü: {{t|khb|ᦟᧂᦂᦱ}}
* Luhya: {{t|luy|Srilanka}}
* Luo: {{t|luo|Srilanka}}
* Macedonian: {{t+|mk|Шри Ланка|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|Sri Lanka}}, {{t|ms|Seri Langka}} {{q|rare}}
* Malayalam: {{t|ml|ശ്രീലങ്ക}}
* Maltese: {{t+|mt|Sri Lanka}}
* Māori: {{t|mi|Hīraka}}
* Marathi: {{t|mr|श्रीलंका}}
* Meru: {{t|mer|Srilanka}}, {{t|mer|Srilanka}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|mn|Шри-Ланка}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|Swii Lankʼa}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|Sri Lanka}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|Sri Lanka|n}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t+|nn|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Old English: {{t|ang|Deprobane|f}}
* Pashto: {{t|ps|سريلانکا|f|tr=srilānkā}}
* Persian:
*: Iranian Persian: {{t|fa-ira|سِری‌لانْکا}}, {{t|fa-ira|سَرَنْدیپ}} {{q|archaic}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|Sri Lanka|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|Sri Lanka}}
* Prakrit:
*: Ashokan Prakrit: {{t|inc-ash|𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀁𑀦𑀺|f}}
* Punjabi: {{t|pa|ਸ੍ਰੀ ਲੰਕਾ}}
* Romanian: {{t|ro|Sri Lanca}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|Шри-Ла́нка|f}}, {{t+|ru|Шри-Ланка́|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t|sa|श्रीलङ्का}}, {{t|sa|श्री लङ्का}}
* Santali: {{t|sat|ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|Шри̑ Ла̑нка|f}}
*: Latin: {{t+|sh|Šrȋ Lȃnka|f}}
* Shan: {{t|shn|သီႇရီႉလင်ႇၵႃႇ}}, {{t+|shn|သီႇႁူဝ်ႇ}}, {{t|shn|ႀီႇႁူဝ်ႇ}}
* Sindhi: {{t|sd|سري لنڪا}}, {{t|sd|سريلنڪا}}
* Sinhalese: {{t+|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, {{t|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|Srí Lanka|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|Šrilanka|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|Sri Lanka}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|Sirilanka}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|Sri Lanka|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t|tl|Sri Langka}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|Шри-Ланка}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|இலங்கை}}, {{t+|ta|ஈழம்}} {{q|archaic, political}}
* Tatar: {{t|tt|Шри-Ланка}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|శ్రీలంక}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ศรีลังกา}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|སེང་ག་གླིང}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|Sri Lanka}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|Şri-Lanka}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|Шрі-Ланка́|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|سِری لَن٘کا|m|tr=sirī laṅkā}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|سرىلانكا}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|Shri-Lanka}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|Xri Lan-ca}}, {{t+|vi|Tích Lan}} {{q|dated}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|סרי לאַנקאַ}}
* Yoruba: {{t|yo|Siri Láńkà}}
* Zhuang: {{t|za|Swhlijlanzgaj}}
{{trans-bottom}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== Central Huasteca Nahuatl ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nch|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nch|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{PAGENAME}}|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'yı|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'ya|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'da|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'dan|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>qfmse2c14y9g4p8wsrto772hu32yahs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715231</id>
      <parentid>5715230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:56:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำแปลภาษาอื่น */</comment>
      <origin>5715231</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13282" sha1="0aletm5rrwghas8kx8ovbmvmgabv21j" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{sid|en|Q854}}{{place|en|island/and/country|r/South Asia|off the coast of [[India]]|capital=Colombo|official=Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka}}.
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|no longer used}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|archaic}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|archaic}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== Central Huasteca Nahuatl ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nch|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nch|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|Sri Lanka|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{PAGENAME}}|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'yı|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'ya|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'da|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'dan|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>0aletm5rrwghas8kx8ovbmvmgabv21j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715232</id>
      <parentid>5715231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:57:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715232</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13515" sha1="n66pndhghsh2modzkfbay4zzkcrvrew" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|no longer used}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|archaic}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|archaic}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== Central Huasteca Nahuatl ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nch|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nch|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{PAGENAME}}|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'yı|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'ya|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'da|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'dan|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>n66pndhghsh2modzkfbay4zzkcrvrew</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715233</id>
      <parentid>5715232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:58:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ดูเพิ่ม */</comment>
      <origin>5715233</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13518" sha1="edkaaf67pi99ffb5bpoxjfn83ybqi2o" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|no longer used}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|archaic}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|archaic}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== Central Huasteca Nahuatl ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nch|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nch|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{PAGENAME}}|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'yı|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'ya|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'da|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'dan|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>edkaaf67pi99ffb5bpoxjfn83ybqi2o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715234</id>
      <parentid>5715233</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:58:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Central Huasteca Nahuatl */</comment>
      <origin>5715234</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13321" sha1="9fhgdu5p4kv69gck7qlxvbyso2ckcj7" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|no longer used}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|archaic}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|archaic}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{PAGENAME}}|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'yı|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'ya|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'da|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'dan|-
|{{PAGENAME}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>9fhgdu5p4kv69gck7qlxvbyso2ckcj7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715235</id>
      <parentid>5715234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:00:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715235</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13321" sha1="555b6wsfqy0lsdxnbhhyji5uphp7x3s" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|no longer used}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|archaic}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|archaic}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>555b6wsfqy0lsdxnbhhyji5uphp7x3s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715236</id>
      <parentid>5715235</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:00:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำพ้องความ */</comment>
      <origin>5715236</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13344" sha1="t42xd5ly68c12ndzmcjqupzckb7z6mb" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>t42xd5ly68c12ndzmcjqupzckb7z6mb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715237</id>
      <parentid>5715236</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:01:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* หมายเหตุการใช้ */</comment>
      <origin>5715237</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13347" sha1="1uffa5e2hi5cqatv9oi1bm4bskjkzkg" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>1uffa5e2hi5cqatv9oi1bm4bskjkzkg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715238</id>
      <parentid>5715237</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:01:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาอังกฤษ */</comment>
      <origin>5715238</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13351" sha1="9o3f6j4ss9mlgm8okfes6tbr6ibflce" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; is originally a Sanskrit honorific (श्री, ISO: Śrī), originally pronounced [ɕriː]; the closest English phoneme to [ɕ] is /ʃ/, resulting in the approximation {{IPAchar|/ʃɹ/}}. The pronunciation with {{IPAchar|/sɹ/}} also occurs in English as a {{glossary|spelling pronunciation}} and/or {{glossary|hyperforeignism}}. In Sinhalese, [sriː] may occur as an acceptable variant pronunciation, mainly in quick or informal speech, because [ɕ] is an uncommon phoneme in Sinhalese and is replaced with [s] in certain dialects.

Both stresses on the first and second syllables of &quot;Lanka&quot; are accepted, but the latter is closer to its native pronunciation.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>9o3f6j4ss9mlgm8okfes6tbr6ibflce</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715239</id>
      <parentid>5715238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:04:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* การออกเสียง */</comment>
      <origin>5715239</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14315" sha1="idb0rv99y41aj2flpx7o3d3oxwyy8jz" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>idb0rv99y41aj2flpx7o3d3oxwyy8jz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715240</id>
      <parentid>5715239</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:05:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำวิสามานยนาม */</comment>
      <origin>5715240</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14779" sha1="5j96ubpme7iw04r6p0pcla3e1seiem9" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.|t=ศรีลังกาได้ขอให้องค์การทางทะเลระหว่างประเทศ (IMO) จัดประเภทเม็ดพลาสติกเป็นสารพิษ และวานูอาตูเรียกร้องให้มีการรายงานข้อมูลตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่สูญหายในทะเลให้ดีขึ้น}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” has been the official name since 1972; prior to that it was [[Ceylon]].

{{w|Sri_Lankan_place_name_etymology#Anthropological_and_political_relevance_of_place_names_in_Sri_Lanka|Place names are a source of controversy}} in Sri Lankan politics, in connection with the {{w|Sri Lankan Civil War}}, and some find “Sri Lanka” to be too Sinhalese. A Tamil name is {{w|Eelam}}, and some Tamil political parties retain “Ceylon” in their name, such as the {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} and the {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}.

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>5j96ubpme7iw04r6p0pcla3e1seiem9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715241</id>
      <parentid>5715240</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:10:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* หมายเหตุการใช้ */</comment>
      <origin>5715241</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15280" sha1="opa3v3klv3sojl7zz6c71r2pxsca54v" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.|t=ศรีลังกาได้ขอให้องค์การทางทะเลระหว่างประเทศ (IMO) จัดประเภทเม็ดพลาสติกเป็นสารพิษ และวานูอาตูเรียกร้องให้มีการรายงานข้อมูลตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่สูญหายในทะเลให้ดีขึ้น}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” เป็นชื่อทางการตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1972 ก่อนหน้านั้นใช้ชื่อว่า [[Ceylon]] ([[ซีลอน]])

ชื่อต่าง ๆ ของสถานที่นี้เป็นประเด็นถกเถียงในทางการเมืองของศรีลังกา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วง{{w|สงครามกลางเมืองศรีลังกา}} และบางคนมองว่า &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; เป็นชื่อที่มาจากภาษาของชาวสิงหลมากเกินไป ส่วนชื่อภาษาทมิฬคือ {{w|Eelam}} (อีลัม) และพรรคการเมืองทมิฬบางพรรคยังคงใช้คำว่า &quot;Ceylon&quot; ในชื่อพรรค เช่น {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} และ {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:Sri Lankan&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>opa3v3klv3sojl7zz6c71r2pxsca54v</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715242</id>
      <parentid>5715241</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:11:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* คำเกี่ยวข้อง */</comment>
      <origin>5715242</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15321" sha1="gh9cvv00poskjxihejvlg27vxsigkhr" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกาศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.|t=ศรีลังกาได้ขอให้องค์การทางทะเลระหว่างประเทศ (IMO) จัดประเภทเม็ดพลาสติกเป็นสารพิษ และวานูอาตูเรียกร้องให้มีการรายงานข้อมูลตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่สูญหายในทะเลให้ดีขึ้น}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” เป็นชื่อทางการตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1972 ก่อนหน้านั้นใช้ชื่อว่า [[Ceylon]] ([[ซีลอน]])

ชื่อต่าง ๆ ของสถานที่นี้เป็นประเด็นถกเถียงในทางการเมืองของศรีลังกา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วง{{w|สงครามกลางเมืองศรีลังกา}} และบางคนมองว่า &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; เป็นชื่อที่มาจากภาษาของชาวสิงหลมากเกินไป ส่วนชื่อภาษาทมิฬคือ {{w|Eelam}} (อีลัม) และพรรคการเมืองทมิฬบางพรรคยังคงใช้คำว่า &quot;Ceylon&quot; ในชื่อพรรค เช่น {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} และ {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:เกี่ยวกับศรีลังกา&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}.

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||holy}} and {{m|sa|लंका||island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=holy island}}.

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>gh9cvv00poskjxihejvlg27vxsigkhr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715243</id>
      <parentid>5715242</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:12:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715243</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15478" sha1="ngewx8a62npmdrrdbn15e7sjsqjuf3e" xml:space="preserve">{{minitoc}}

== ภาษาอังกฤษ ==
{{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Indian subcontinent}}
{{wp|en:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|en|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}} / {{m|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|en|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|en|/ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/|/sɹiˈlæŋkə/|nocount=1}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Sri+Lanka?r=66 &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; in several reference works]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite-web |url=http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |accessdate=19 February 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101012930/http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict?stress=-s&amp;in=SRI-LANKA |archivedate=1 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{audio|en|En-us-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=US}}
* {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Sri Lanka.wav|a=UK}}

&quot;Sri&quot; เดิมเป็นราชาศัพท์ในภาษาสันสกฤต (श्री, &quot;ศรี&quot;) ออกเสียงเดิมว่า [ɕriː] เสียงสระที่ใกล้เคียงที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษกับ [ɕ] คือ /ʃ/ ทำให้ได้เสียงประมาณ /ʃɹ/ การออกเสียงด้วย /sɹ/ ก็พบได้ในภาษาอังกฤษเช่นกัน ทั้งในรูปแบบของการออกเสียงตามการสะกดคำและ/หรือการใช้เสียงที่มาจากภาษาอื่น ในภาษาสิงหล [sriː] อาจพบได้ในรูปสะกดออกเสียงที่ยอมรับได้ โดยเฉพาะในการพูดเร็วหรือแบบไม่เป็นทางการ เพราะ [ɕ] เป็นเสียงสระที่ไม่ค่อยพบในภาษาสิงหลและถูกแทนที่ด้วย [s] ในบางถิ่น

ทั้งการเน้นเสียงในพยางค์แรกและพยางค์ที่สองของคำว่า &quot;Lanka&quot; เป็นที่ยอมรับ แต่การเน้นเสียงในพยางค์ที่สองนั้นใกล้เคียงกับการออกเสียงดั้งเดิมมากกว่า

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{en-prop|nolink=1}}

# {{tcl|en|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#* {{quote-web |en |work=w:The Guardian |publisher=w:Guardian Media Group |title=‘Oil spills of our time’: experts sound alarm about plastic lost in cargo ship disasters ​|accessdate=2022-02-11 |date=2022-02-09 |author=Karen McVeigh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/09/cargo-ship-disasters-are-oil-spills-of-our-time-because-of-health-risk-from-plastic |section=Seascape: the state of our oceans |text='''Sri Lanka''' has asked the IMO to classify plastic pellets as toxic substances, and Vanuatu is calling for better reporting of containers lost at sea.|t=ศรีลังกาได้ขอให้องค์การทางทะเลระหว่างประเทศ (IMO) จัดประเภทเม็ดพลาสติกเป็นสารพิษ และวานูอาตูเรียกร้องให้มีการรายงานข้อมูลตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ที่สูญหายในทะเลให้ดีขึ้น}}

==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ====
{{wp|en:Names of +}}
“Sri Lanka” เป็นชื่อทางการตั้งแต่ ค.ศ. 1972 ก่อนหน้านั้นใช้ชื่อว่า [[Ceylon]] ([[ซีลอน]])

ชื่อต่าง ๆ ของสถานที่นี้เป็นประเด็นถกเถียงในทางการเมืองของศรีลังกา โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วง{{w|สงครามกลางเมืองศรีลังกา}} และบางคนมองว่า &quot;Sri Lanka&quot; เป็นชื่อที่มาจากภาษาของชาวสิงหลมากเกินไป ส่วนชื่อภาษาทมิฬคือ {{w|Eelam}} (อีลัม) และพรรคการเมืองทมิฬบางพรรคยังคงใช้คำว่า &quot;Ceylon&quot; ในชื่อพรรค เช่น {{w|All Ceylon Tamil Congress}} และ {{w|Ceylon Workers' Congress}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|en|Ceylon}} {{q|เลิกใช้}}
* {{l|en|Serendib}} {{q|โบราณ}}
* {{l|en|Serendip}} {{q|โบราณ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|en|Singlish|Sri Lanka bush warbler|Sri Lanka hill myna|srilankite
|Sri Lankan|Sri Lanka bay owl}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|ja|bor=1|スリランカ|tr=Suri Ranka}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* [[ภาคผนวก:Countries and territories of the world]]
{{list:countries in Asia/en}}
* {{w|en:Names of Sri Lanka}}

==== อ้างอิง ====
&lt;references/&gt;

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|en|a=aaiklnrs|alkarsin}}

== ภาษาอัสตูเรียส ==
{{wp|ast:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ast-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ast|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษากาตาลา ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav|a=Valencia}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ca-proper noun|f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ca|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
* {{l|ca|Ceilan}}

== ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nhn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ ==
{{wp|kw:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|kw|en|Sri Lanka}}, จาก{{der|kw|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|kw|/ʃri ˈlanka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{h|kw|propn|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|kw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/kw}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
{{col|kw
|sri lankek&lt;t:เกี่ยวกับศรีลังกา&gt;&lt;pos:a&gt;
}}

== ภาษาเดนมาร์ก ==
{{wp|da:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|da|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|da|sa|श्री लङ्का}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|da|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|da|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|da|srilankaner}}
* {{l|da|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาดัตช์ ==
{{wp|nl:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|nl|/sri ˈlɑŋ.kaː/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{nl-proper noun|n|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|nl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|nl
|Sri Lankaan
}}

== ภาษาแฟโร ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|fo|si|sc=Sinh|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව}}, จาก{{der|fo|sa|श्री||ศักดิ์สิทธิ์}} และ {{m|sa|लंका||เกาะ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|fo|/sɹiː laʰŋ̊ka/}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fo|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==
{{wp|fi:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p|sri lanka|sri-lanka}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fi-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|fi|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{ux|fi|'''Sri Lankan''' demokraattinen sosialistinen tasavalta|[[Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|Democratic Socialist Republic of '''Sri Lanka''']]}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Sri Lank|||a}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|fi
|srilankalainen
}}

{{col|fi|title=compounds
|srilankanhäntähiiri
|srilankanmusanki
|srilankanpäästäinen
}}

== ภาษาฝรั่งเศส ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Sri Lanka.wav|a=&lt;&lt;France&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Paris&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{fr-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|fr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|fr|Srilankais}}
* {{l|fr|srilankais}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/fr}}

== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==
{{wp|de:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|de|De-Sri Lanka.ogg|a=&lt;&lt;Germany&gt;&gt; (&lt;&lt;Berlin&gt;&gt;)}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{de-proper noun|toponym|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|de|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{de-ndecl|toponym}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
* {{l|de|Srilanker}}, {{l|de|Sri-Lanker}}, {{l|de|Sri Lanker}}
* {{l|de|srilankisch}}, {{l|de|sri-lankisch}}

== ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย ==
{{wp|id:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|id|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|id|[ˌsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|id|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/id}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KBBI Daring}}

== ภาษาอิตาลี ==
{{wp|it:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{it-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|it|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
* {{l|it|Ceylon}}
* {{l|it|cingalese}}

== ภาษามาเลเซีย ==
{{wp|ms:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|ms|sa|श्री लङ्का|lit=ลังกา/เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{IPA|ms|[ˈsri ˈlaŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka|head2=}}

# {{tcl|ms|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|ms|Seri Langka}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล ==
{{wp|no:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nb|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nb|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nb|srilanker}}
* {{l|nb|srilankisk}}

== ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ ==
{{wp|nn:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|nn|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|nn|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ====
* {{l|nn|srilankar}}
* {{l|nn|srilankisk}}

== ภาษาโปแลนด์ ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-Sri Lanka.ogg}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|pl|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{pl-decl-noun-sing
|Sri Lanka
|Sri Lanki
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lankę
|Sri Lanką
|Sri Lance
|Sri Lanko
}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pl|title=adjective|lankijski}}
{{col|pl|title=nouns|Lankijczyk|Lankijka}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}

== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==
{{wp|pt:}}

=== รูปแบบอื่น ===
* {{alt|pt|Sri Lanca|Seri Lanca}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{pt-IPA|br=Si^^ɾilanka|pt=Ssɾi Lanca,Seri Lanca}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|pt|Ceilão&lt;q:former name&gt;|Taprobana&lt;q:archaic, poetic&gt;}}

==== Coordinate terms ====
{{list:countries in Asia/pt}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|pt|srilanquês}}

== ภาษาโรมาเนีย ==

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{ro-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|ro|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาสเปน ==
{{wp|es:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{es-pr|Esrí Lánka&lt;audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Millars-Sri Lanka.wav&gt;|raw:/ˌsɾi ˈlanka/ [ˌzɾi ˈlãŋka]}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{es-proper noun|f|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{tcl|es|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|es|esrilanqués}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* [[dpd:ayuda/paises-y-capitales-con-sus-gentilicios|Países y capitales, con sus gentilicios | Diccionario panhispánico de dudas]]
* [https://www.un.org/es/about-us/member-states#gotoB Estados Miembros | Naciones Unidas]
* [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/11th-uncsgn-docs/E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN%20WG%20Country%20Names%20Document.pdf E_Conf.105_13_CRP.13_15_UNGEGN WG Country Names Document.pdf]

== ภาษาสวาฮีลี ==
{{wp|sw:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sw|คำวิสามานยนาม|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sw|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|sw|Sirilanka}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==
{{wp|sv:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{sv-proper noun|n|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|sv|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col|sv
|lankes
|lankesisk
|lankesiska
|srilankes
|srilankesisk
|srilankesiska
}}

==== ดูเพิ่ม ====
{{list:countries in Asia/sv}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}
* [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D013188/sri-lanka Svensk MeSH]

=== คำสลับอักษร ===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=aaiklnrs|kilarnas|likarnas|siklarna}}

== ภาษาตุรกี ==
{{wp|tr:}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Sri Lanka.wav}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{tr-proper noun|head=Sri Lanka}}

# {{tcl|tr|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== การผันรูป ====
{{tr-decl-noun
|{{pagename}}|-
|{{pagename}}'yı|-
|{{pagename}}'ya|-
|{{pagename}}'da|-
|{{pagename}}'dan|-
|{{pagename}}'nın|-
}}
{{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/tr}}</text>
      <sha1>ngewx8a62npmdrrdbn15e7sjsqjuf3e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715250</id>
      <parentid>5715243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ทำหน้าว่าง</comment>
      <origin>5715250</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="0" sha1="phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1" />
      <sha1>phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>มอดูล:place/locations</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>2297279</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715268</id>
      <parentid>5714403</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:07:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715268</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="348023" sha1="dayyaocb40y2i3mkzslq4ncvt3e81ls" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true to force category generation even on non-mainspace pages

local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local string_utilities_module = &quot;Module:string utilities&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local dump = mw.dumpObject
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

--[==[ intro:
This module contains data on all known locations, along with some lower-level code to process them (higher-level
known-location code is in [[Module:place/placetypes]]). You must load this module using require(), not using
mw.loadData().

===Location data===

'''NOTE: In order to understand the following better, first read the introductory documentation in [[Module:place]],
especially the section `More about known locations`.'''

The bulk of the code in this module (after some helper functions and placetype tables) describes the known locations
and their relationships. Locations are grouped into ''location groups'' that share some common properties (examples are
states of the United States and cities in Brazil). Each location group is associated with two tables, a ''data table''
that lists the locations and their individual properties, and a ''metadata table'' that lists group-level properties and
defaults for the location properties. Each metadata table points to the associated data table (i.e. contains the data
table as its `data` field), and the global `locations` variable holds a list of all group metadata tables. A given
location is generally described by three values: (a) the group metadata table for the group the location is part of; (b)
the location's canonical ''key'', which is the actual key in the group's data table and is globally unique across all
locations; and (c) the location's ''spec'', which is the initialized object describing the properties of the location
and comes from the value in the data table corresponding to the canonical key, transformed by the `initialize_spec()`
function. These are typically named `group`, `key` and `spec`, respectively and in that order, and are found in the
arguments to many functions.

In a per-group data table, the keys are either ''canonical keys'' describing locations (which, as mentioned above, must
be globally unique) or ''alias keys'' specifying an allowed alias for a given location. There may be multiple aliases
for a given location and the alias keys only need to be unique within a particular group data table, not across all
groups. It is also possible for the same string to serve as an alias key in one group and a canonical key in another
group. (For example, `Newcastle` appears as an alias key in two different groups, referring to two different locations,
canonically known as `Newcastle upon Tyne`, for the city in England, and `Newcastle, New South Wales`, for the city in
New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย; and `Birmingham` appears both as a canonical key in the group of English cities and an alias
key for canonical `Birmingham, Alabama` in the group of US cities.) The corresponding value objects are different for
canonical and alias keys. Corresponding to canonical keys are ''location specs'', describing the properies of the
location that cannot be derived from default properties of the group or global defaults. Corresponding to alias keys
are ''alias specs'', which are highly restricted in the properties they can contain, and whose properties do not have
per-group defaults, but only global defaults.

The canonical key is always the same as the bare category corresponding to the location, which is one of the reasons it
must be globally unique. For example, the country of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia` and corresponding bare
category [[:Category:Georgia]], while the US state of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia, USA` and corresponding
bare category [[:Category:Georgia, USA]]. The following conventions are followed in naming keys:
* Countries, ''country-like entities'' (which are a mixture of unrecognized de-facto states and dependent territories)
  and ''former countries'' (which also includes other types of polities, such as the Roman Empire) use their unqualified
  placename as the canonical key. (See the documentation for [[Module:place]] for the distinction between keys and
  placenames, which is critical to understand when working with location data.) This also applies to constituent
  countries (such as England, Aruba and the Faroe Islands) and constituent parts of grouped dependent territories (such
  as the island of Saint Helena, which is administratively part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena,
  Ascension and Tristan da Cunha).
* Cities (including prefecture-level cities in China, which behave in most respects more like non-city administrative
  divisions) also normally use their unqualified placename as the canonical key, but if this causes name conflicts or
  ambiguities, they use a ''qualified key'' containing either the country name or immediate containing division (if
  different) following a comma, such as the case of `Newcastle, New South Wales` and `Birmingham, Alabama` above.
  Examples of name conflicts are the two cities just given; examples of ambiguities are the major cities of León and
  Mérida in Mexico and city of Cartagena, Colombia, which are given the respective canonical keys of `León, Guanajuato`,
  `Mérida, Yucatán` and `Cartagena, Colombia` to avoid ambiguity with the well-known respective cities of the same name
  in Spain, even though none of those cities are large enough to be included as known locations in this module. (The
  cutoff is generally having a metro area of at least 1,000,000 inhabitants, although there are exceptions.)
* Administrative divisions of countries, other than the exceptions noted above for constituent countries and dependent
  territories, use a qualified key that contains the name of the country or constituent country in it, e.g.
  `Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส` (a region), `Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส` (a department in the region of Normandy), `Herefordshire, England`
  (a ceremonial county), `Northwest Territories, Canada` (a territory), `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์` (a region),
  `Antalya Province, Turkey` (a province), `Cluj County, Romania` (a county), `County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์` (a county) and
  `New York, USA` (a state). As shown in these various examples, (a) first and second-level divisions are sometimes both
  included (as in France, the United Kingdom and China); (b) the qualifier after the comma is sometimes a constituent
  country (England) instead of a country (United Kingdom), and is sometimes abbreviated (USA rather than United States
  or Unites States of America); (c) the word `the` is not normally included in the key even if the location is normally
  preceded by `the` when following a preposition (there is a property in the location and alias specs to indicate this),
  except in a very few cases (most notably `The Hague`); (d) the country is included as a qualifier even if it creates
  an apparent redundancy, as with `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์`; and (e) sometimes the placetype is included in the key, as
  with provinces in Turkey and several other countries; states in Nigeria; and counties in Ireland, Romania and several
  other countries. Whether the placetype is included, and whether it follows or precedes the placename, depends on
  per-country conventions. For example, provinces in Turkey, อิหร่าน and several other countries (likewise for states in
  Nigeria, oblasts in Russia, etc.) conventionally include the word &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot; etc. in their name
  because they are normally named after the largest city in the division, which would otherwise lead to ambiguity; and
  counties in Ireland and Northern Ireland (and likewise County Durham, England) normally have the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;
  preceding rather than following them in their conventional name, so we follow this practice. The Wikipedia article
  naming scheme for a given administrative division is a strong clue as to how the division is normally referred to,
  and we usually follow this practice. (A minor exception is that the Wikipedia articles for provinces in Iran, Laos and
  Thailand include the word `province` with an initial lowercase letter while provinces elsewhere, e.g. North and South
  Korea, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, use uppercase `Province`; we normalize to uppercase `Province` in all cases.)

As mentioned above, associated with canonical keys in the group data table are location specs, which are objects
containing properties. It is important here to distinguish ''initialized specs'' from ''uninitialized specs''.
Unininitialized specs are as directly specified in [[Module:place/locations]], containing only those properties that
differ from the per-group or global defaults. Initialized specs result from calling `initialize_spec()` on an
uninitialized spec (it is idempotent in that it will do nothing if encountering an already-initialized spec). This
copies all group-level defaults that are not overridden in the location spec itself from the group-level metadata table
into the location spec, so that in general, no more reference need be made to the group to fetch the correct value of a
given location property. (The initialization process also does more transformations in a few cases, noted below.) Note
that the default value of a given property is stored under a key in the group metadata table that is preceded by the
string `default_`; for example, the default value corresponding to the `placetype` property of a given location is
specified in the `default_placetype` key in the group metadata table.

The following are the properties of the location spec.
* `placetype`: String specifying the placetype of the location (e.g. &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, province&quot;). This can also be a
  table of such types; in this case, the first listed type is the canonical type that will be used in descriptions, but
  the location will be recognized (e.g. in a holonym, or for categorizing into the bare category) when tagged with any
  of the specified types. The placetype '''must''' be either specified on an individual location or defaulted at the
  group level, or an error occurs.
* `container`: Either a string, a ''canonicalized container'' structure or a list of either type, specifying the
  immediate ''container'' (or containers) of the given location. A container is another location which this location is
  considered to be directly part of, either politically or (above the country level) geographically. Some locations
  belong to multiple immediate containers; this applies especially to transcontinental countries such as Russia and
  Turkey. Containers can themselves have containers, forming a tree (or more correctly, a [[w:directed acyclic graph]])
  of locations. The list of immediate container(s), followed by the container(s) of the container(s), etc., is termed
  the ''container trail'', and some functions compute and return this trail as part of their operation. When a location
  spec is initialized, the given container spec is canonicalized into ''canonical container form'', which consists of a
  list of canonicalized container structures, each of which is of the form
  `{key = &quot;``container_key``&quot;, placetype = &quot;``container_placetype``&quot;}`, where ``container_key`` is a canonical location
  key and ``container_placetype`` should be the listed placetype for the location, or the first listed placetype if
  there are multiple. (FIXME: Since the key uniquely identifies the container location, we should eliminate the
  placetype from the container structure.) The list of canonicalized container structures is stored into the
  `.containers` field of the location spec (this happens even if the container value is unset in its uninitialized spec
  form, causing it to default to the corresponding group-level value), and the `.container` field is set to {nil}. The
  canonicalization process is described in more detail below under [[#Container spec canonicalization]].
* `divs`: List of recognized political divisions; e.g. for the Netherlands, a specification of the form
  `divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}` will allow categories such as [[:Category:de:Provinces of the Netherlands]]
  and [[:Category:pt:Municipalities of the Netherlands]] to be created. Any division that appears here must also be
  found in `placetype_data`, or an error occurs. The entities appearing in the `divs` list can be structures as well as
  just strings; this is explained more below under [[#Location divisions]]. Additional political divisions that apply to
  all locations in a group can be specified at the group level using the group-only property `addl_divs`, which has the
  same format as `divs`. This is intended to be used in the situation where some division types are shared among all
  locations in the group and others differ from location to location. An example where this is used is the United
  States, where `census-designated places` is specified in the group-level `addl_divs` so that all 50 states have
  census-designated places categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Census-designated places in Arizona, USA]], but `counties`
  and `county seats` are specified in the group-level `default_divs` because not all states have counties and county
  seats (Alaska has boroughs and borough seats and Louisiana has parishes and parish seats), and some states have
  additional divisions (New Jersey and Pennsylvania also have boroughs, while Colorado and Connecticut have
  municipalities). Note that under most circumstances (particularly, if `container_parent_type` is not set as a property
  associated with the division type), any division type specified on a sub-country-level location must also be specified
  on all containers up through the country. For example, since French departments specify `communes` and
  `municipalities` in `default_divs`, the same division types must be (and are) specified on French regions and for
  France itself.
* `keydesc`: String directly specifying a description of the location, for use in generating the contents of category
  pages related to the location. In place of a string, a function of three arguments (`group`, `key`, `spec`, as is
  normal for locations) that computes the location description can also be given. This is used, for example, for
  Russian federal subjects; see `construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc`. The special string `+++` contained in the
  keydesc is replaced with the default value of the location description, which specifies the location's placename,
  placetype, and the corresponding values for each container in the container trail, generally up through (but not
  beyond) the country level; see `no_include_container_in_desc` below. The location description is used to construct
  the full description of various categories, such as bare location categories, whose description generally reads
  `&quot;{{(((}}langname}}} terms related to the people, culture, or territory of ``keydesc``.&quot;` where ``keydesc`` is the
  specified or auto-constructed location description.
* `fulldesc`: String overriding the full description for the bare location category (but not for any other category).
  This is currently used only for the location `Earth`, at the very top of the tree (because the standard
  `people, culture or territory of ...` text doesn't make sense here), and for `Antarctica` (because it has no permanent
  inhabitants). FIXME: This should be renamed `bare_category_fulldesc`.
* `addl_parents`: Specify additional parents for the bare location category, in addition to the category or categories
  generated based on the immediate container(s). For example, `Hawaii, USA` specifies `Polynesia` as an additional
  parent category; both `North Korea` and `South Korea` specify `Korea` (which is a specially handled location category)
  as an additional parent; and `Earth` specifies `nature` (not a location category, but still a topic category) as an
  additional parent (which in this case becomes the first parent, as `Earth` has no container). The only restriction on
  the categories in `addl_parents` is that they must be topic categories, because each language-specific version of the
  bare location category gets the corresponding language-specific versions of the categories in `addl_parents`. FIXME:
  This shoudl be renamed `bare_category_addl_parents`.
* `wp`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia article for the location. Each spec is either `true` (equivalent
  to `&quot;%l&quot;`, i.e. use the full location placename directly) or a string containing formatting directives, indicating how
  to construct the article name. The allowed formatting directives are `%l` (the full location placename), `%e` (the
  elliptical location placename) and `%c` (the full placename of the first immediate container). For example, the
  default value of `wp` for the group of United States cities is `&quot;%l, %c&quot;` since the city articles tend to be named
  e.g. `Austin, Texas` (but with many exceptions, specified using `wp` fields at the city level). Another example is
  Thai provinces, which specify a group-level default of `&quot;%e province&quot;` as the Wikipedia articles have lowercase
  `province` in their name but the Thai province keys specified in this module have uppercase `Province`. Here we have
  to use `%e` to get the placename without the word `Province` in it. The default is `true`, which simply uses the full
  location placename as the article name. Note that the Wikipedia article, along with the Wikipedia and Commons category
  pages, are shown in the upper right of bare category pages.
* `wpcat`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia category page for the location (i.e. the page listing articles
  and categories relevant to the location). The format is the same as with `wp`, and it defaults to the value of `wp`.
  It rarely needs to be specified because the category page and the article page almost always follow the same format.
* `commonscat`: Spec describing how to construct the Commons category page for the location (i.e. the page on the
  MediaWiki Commons site listing articles and categories relevant to the location). It has the same format as `wp` and
  `wpcat` and defaults to `wpcat`, which is usually (but not always) correct.
* `the`: Boolean specifying whether a location should be preceded by `the` when following a preposition, e.g. in
  category names such as [[:Category:Cities in the Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย]] and in old-style place descriptions
  when the location occurs as the first holonym, such as the city [[Darwin]] described using
  {{tl|place|city|terr/Northern Territory|c/Australia}}. Note that the global default for this and all Boolean
  properties is {nil}, which amounts to the same as {false}.
* `british_spelling`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question uses British spelling. Currently this only
  affects whether the spelling `neighborhoods` or `neighbourhoods` is used in categories such as
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of New York City]] and [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Sydney]]. This usually needs to be set
  only at the top level (i.e. country or country-like entity), because lower-level entities look up the container trail
  for any container that has `british_spelling = true` set, and if found, assume that British spelling applies. The
  general principle used in setting this is that all countries in Europe, all dependent territories of any such country,
  all former British colonies, and any dependent territories of these former colonies, are assumed to use British
  spelling, while all other countries and associated dependent territories are assumed to use American spelling. This
  can potentially be modified on a case-by-case basis.
* `is_city`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question is a city. This is explicitly set to `true` for
  city-states (e.g. Monaco and Vatican City), dependent territories that are cities (e.g. Hong Kong, Macau, Bonaire,
  Gibraltar, etc.), certain city-level administrative divisions (such as `City of Belfast, Northern Ireland`) and
  (through a group-levell setting) New York boroughs. In addition, it is set to `true` in initialize_spec() whenever
  the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, so that all cities get it set without explicitly needing to add a
  group-level setting for this. Note that the condition `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` intentionally excludes Chinese
  prefecture-level cities, which aren't really cities in that (for example) they don't directly contain neighborhoods,
  but do contain cities within them. This setting is used in various places: (a) to add cities, rivers, etc. to
  categories like [[:Category:Rivers in Osaka, ญี่ปุ่น]] and [[:Category:Cities in Wuhan]] for holonyms that
  are ''not'' cities; (b) to add districts, neighborhoods, and the like to categories like
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Brooklyn]] and [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Monaco]] for holoynms that ''are'' cities;
  (c) generally, to determine which &quot;generic&quot; placetypes (cities, rivers, neighborhoods, etc.) apply to the location.
  (Those that can occur with cities have a `generic_before_cities` setting in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and those
  that can occur with non-cities have a `generic_before_non_cities` setting.)
* `is_former_place`: Boolean that should be set on former places such as the Soviet Union and the Roman Empire. For such
  places, categories such as [[:Category:fr:Rivers in the Soviet Union]] are neither generated nor recognized (more
  generally, no &quot;generic&quot; placetypes apply except for `places`), and category descriptions include the word `former`.
* `overriding_bare_label_parents`: Document me!
* `bare_category_parent_type`: Document me!
* `no_container_cat`: Document me!
* `no_container_parent`: Document me!
* `no_generic_place_cat`: Document me!
* `no_check_holonym_mismatch`: Document me!
* `no_auto_augment_container`: Document me!
* `no_include_container_in_desc`: Document me!

====Location divisions====

The `divs` field of a location describes the recognized political division types of that location. Specifying a given
division type will cause places defined as being of the specified division type and with the location as a holonym will
cause the place to be categorized as ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` `; for example, specifying that the United
States has `&quot;รัฐ&quot;` as a division will cause anything defined as {{tl|place|fr|state|c/US}} to be categorized under
[[:Category:fr:States of the United States]]. Note that you do not have to explicitly specify division types for
&quot;generic&quot; placetypes (those that have a `generic_before_non_cities` field if the location is not a city, or that have a
`generic_before_cities` field if the location is a city); this includes things like cities, towns, villages,
neighbo(u)rhoods and rivers. A given element in the `divs` list is usually a string naming a plural placetype; the
placetype is automatically converted to the singular for recognizing the placetype in a {{tl|place}} spec, and irregular
plurals such as `kibbutzim` are handled correctly as long as the placetype specifies an appropriate `plural` field
(if the `plural` isn't explicitly given, the default singularization algorithm in [[Module:en-utilities]] is run, which
gets most things correctly but has problems with `passes` and `fortresses`, which are singularized to `passe` and
`fortresse`; for this reason, an explicit plural entry is added to terms in ''-ss''). In place of a string, an object
can be given with the plural placetype in the `type` field; this allows additional properties to be specified along with
the placetype. An example of this is the `divs` list for Canada:

{
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}, ...},
}

Here, both provinces and territories are set to categorize as `provinces and territories`, meaning that there is a
single category [[:Category:Provinces and territories of Canada]] rather than separate categories for provinces and
territories. Similar things are done for other countries that have more than one type of first-level administrative
division (e.g. Australia, จีน, อินเดีย and Pakistan). Note that any placetype listed under `cat_as` must exist in the
table of placetypes in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and in fact there is a category-only entry there for `provinces and
territories!` (the use of exclamation point following a plural placetype means that the placetype is present only for
use in categories and won't be recognized as the placetype field in a {{tl|place}} description). In addition, townships
are declared to use `in` rather than `of` as the preposition in the category; hence the category name will be
[[:Category:Townships in Canada]] rather than [[:Category:Townships of Canada]]. (The use of `in` vs. `of` is somewhat
related to whether a given placetype is an official administrative or statistical division of the location in question
and comes in a defined list, in which case `of` should be used, or is more ill-defined, in which case `in` should be
used; the default is `of`, and the use of `in` with `townships` is probably by analogy with the use of `in` with cities
and towns.)

Another more complex example is the divisions given for Quebec:

{
	[&quot;Quebec, Canada&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}, ...},
}

Here, `container_parent_type` controls the second parent category of the placetype/location category associated with the
entry. In this case, for example, [[:Category:Counties of Quebec, Canada]] will have [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] as
its second or ''container-level'' parent. However, this doesn't make sense for `regional county municipalities`, which
exist only in Quebec (so the parent category [[:Category:Regional county municipalities of Canada]] would have only one
subcategory); but they are similar to regional municipalities in British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Ontario, so the
`container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;` spec causes the container-level parent of this category to be
[[:Category:Regional municipalities of Canada]]. Likewise, `regions` as administrative divisions (as opposed to mere
geographic regions) exist only in Quebec; they have no equivalent elsewhere, so we disable the container-level parent
using `container_parent_type = false`. The specs for `parish municipalities`, `township municipalities` and
`village municipalities` show both that multiple types can be specified under `cat_as` (here, for example, we categorize
`parish municipalities` as both `parishes` and `municipalities`) and that these types can themselves have properties,
just as for entries directly under `divs`. Specifically, `{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}`
means that any place defined as a parish municipality in Quebec will be categorized under both [[:Category:Parishes of
Quebec, Canada]] and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]], and that the former will have a container-level
parent of [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] (rather than the default of [[:Category:Parishes of Canada]]). Similarly,
`township municipalities` will be categorized under both [[:Category:Townships in Quebec, Canada]] (''not''
[[:Category:Townships of Quebec, Canada]]) and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]].

====Container spec canonicalization====

A fully canonicalized container spec for a given location consists of a list of ''canonicalized container objects'',
each with a `key` and `placetype` field. The `key` field should name the canonical key of some other location at a
higher level (e.g. French cities are contained in French departments, which are contained in French regions, which are
contained in France, which is contained in Europe, which is contained in Eurasia, which is contained in the Earth). The
`placetype` field should correspond to the first (canonical) placetype listed for the key in question. The process of
initializing a locaion spec converts the container spec in `.container` into a canonicalized spec in `.containers` and
removes the spec from `.container`. It works as follows:
# If the `container` field is missing, and there is a group-level `default_container` field, it is used in its place.
  For example, none of the Brazilian states listed in `brazil_states` specifies a container, but the group specifies
  `default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;`.
# A single string or canonicalized container object is allowed and made into a one-element list.
# If a list element is a string that did ''not'' come from `default_container`, and there is a group-level
  `canonicalize_key_container` field, it is assumed to be a one-argument function and is called on the string to get
  a canonicalized container object.
# Any remaining strings are assumed to be countries and are used directly as the `key`, with `placetype` set to
  `&quot;ประเทศ&quot;`.

====Alias keys====

Aliases can be provided for canonical keys using ''alias keys''. Alias keys have a very different location spec
structure from canonical keys. This structure does not, in general, have defaults at the group level and is not
initialized using `initialize_spec()`, but is used as-is. The following properties are recognized in an alias location
spec:
* `alias_of`: The canonical key of which this key is an alias. Required.
* `the`: If true, this alias key is preceded by `the` following a preposition. Defaults to the group-level `default_the`
    but does not pay attention to the value of `the` for the corresponding canonical key.
* `display`: This is a display alias, meaning that holonyms using the placename corresponding to this alias will be
    converted to the placename corresponding to the canonical key when formatting the holonym for display. (Otherwise,
    the aliasing applies only to categorization.) If the value is true, the display canonicalization is to the placename
    of the canonical key; otherwise, the value should be a key whose corresponding placename is used when display
    canonicalizing.
* `placetype`: The placetype of the alias. Rarely needs to be specified as it defaults to the canonical key's placetype,
    and if that is unspecified, to the group-level default placetype.

====Location group metadata tables====

As mentioned above, associated with each location group is a ''metadata table'' listing group-level properties. The
metadata table contains two types of keys: group-level defaults (named like the corresponding location-level keys but
preceded by `default_`, e.g. `default_placetype` corresponding to the location-level `placetype` key) and group-only
keys, which are mostly functions. The following are the possible group-only keys:
* `data`: This points to the group data table for the group, as described above.
* `key_to_placename`: This is a function of one argument to transform the location's key (whether canonical or alias)
  into the full and elliptical placenames. The difference between full and elliptical placenames is described in the
  documentation for [[Module:place]], but in essence, it applies for keys that include the placetype in them (e.g.
  `Phuket Province, Thailand` or `County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์`), in which case the full placename includes the placetype and
  the elliptical placename does not. For keys that do not include the placetype in them (e.g. `Arizona, USA` or
  `Gloucestershire, England`), the full and elliptical placenames are identical. Note that neither the full nor the
  elliptical placename includes the container in it; hence, for `Phuket Province, Thailand`, the full placename is
  `Phuket Province` and the elliptical placename is just `Phuket`. (Note that the full vs. elliptical placename
  distinction is intended only for handling cases where the placetype follows or precedes the raw placename and there
  is no difference between the two in whether they are normally preceded by `the`. More complex situations, such as
  `State of Mexico` (which normally takes `the`) vs. just `Mexico` (which doesn't), or `Islamabad Capital Territory` vs.
  just `Islamabad`, should be handled instead by aliases.) The `key_to_placename` function takes one argument, the key,
  and returns two arguments, the full and elliptical placenames, respectively. If left undefined, the default is to
  chop off anything starting with a comma and return the result as both full and elliptical placename, and if
  specifically set to `false`, the key is used directly as both full and elliptical placename. If it needs to be
  defined, it is best to use the helper function `make_key_to_placename`, if possible (or
  `make_irish_type_key_to_placename` in the case of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where `County` precedes), rather than
  rolling your own. In addition, you should use the global `key_to_placename` function (which takes care of the default
  implementation and such) rather than directly calling the function in the `key_to_placename` field.
* `placename_to_key`: This is approximately the inverse of `key_to_placename`, transforming a placename (which can be
  either in full or elliptical form) into the corresponding key. As with `key_to_placename`, if you need to define this
  (generally, when the full and elliptical placenames are different), prefer using `make_placename_to_key` (or
  `make_irish_type_placename_to_key` for Ireland and Northern Ireland) to rolling your own. In addition, similarly to
  `key_to_placename`, use the global `placename_to_key` function to convert placenames to keys rather than directly
  invoking the function in the `placename_to_key` field. If the field is set to `false`, the placename is used unchanged
  as the key. Otherwise, the default algorithm works as follows:
*# If the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, use the placename unchanged as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` exists and is a string, append it to the placename after a comma +
   space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` is a canonical container object (an object with `key` and
   `placetype` fields), and the `placetype` field is either `country` or `constituent country`, append the `key` field
   to the placename after a comma + space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, use the placename unchanged as the key.
* `canonicalize_key_container`: A function of one argument to convert the specified `container` field, when a string,
  to canonical form. Described in more detail above under [[#Container spec canonicalization]]. It is preferable to
  construct the function using `make_canonicalize_key_container`, if possible, rather than rolling your own.
* `addl_divs`: Additional political divisions appended, for all locations in the group, to the list of divisions derived
  from the location-level `divs` or group-level `default_divs` fields to get the final list of divisions for the
  location. See [[#Location divisions]] for more details.
]==]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Helper functions                                 --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[
Throw an error. `fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to
format the format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called. In general, callers should use `internal_error` unless the
error was due to bad user input rather than a logic error (which usually isn't the case in deep back-end code like
this).
]==]
function export.process_error(fmt, ...)
	local args = {...}
	for i = 1, select(&quot;#&quot;, ...) do
		args[i] = dump(args[i])
	end
	return error(string.format(fmt, unpack(args)))
end

--[==[
Throw an internal error (a logic error that should never happen unless there is a bug in the code, as opposed to a user
error triggered by bad input or a system error due to something like running out of memory or hitting a time limit).
`fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to format the
format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called.
]==]
function export.internal_error(fmt, ...)
	export.process_error(&quot;Internal error: &quot; .. fmt, ...)
end

local internal_error = export.internal_error

-- Return whether `list_or_element` (a list of strings, or a single string) &quot;contains&quot; `item` (a string). If
-- `list_or_element` is a list, this returns true if `item` is in the list; otherwise it returns true if `item`
-- equals `list_or_element`.
local function list_or_element_contains(list_or_element, item)
	if type(list_or_element) == &quot;table&quot; then
		return m_table.contains(list_or_element, item) and true or false
	end
	return list_or_element == item
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `key_to_placename` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames). Two values are returned, the full and elliptical placenames (e.g. full
`&quot;County Durham&quot;` vs. elliptical `&quot;Durham&quot;`). If the group does not define `key_to_placename`, both full and elliptical
placenames are computed by chopping off anything starting with a comma.
]==]
function export.key_to_placename(group, key)
	if group.key_to_placename == false then
		return key, key
	end
	if group.key_to_placename then
		local full_placename, elliptical_placename = group.key_to_placename(key)
		if type(full_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string full placename: %s&quot;, key, full_placename)
		end
		if type(elliptical_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string elliptical placename: %s&quot;, key, elliptical_placename)
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	return key, key
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `placename_to_key` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames) and return the result. If `placename_to_key` exists with the value `false`,
return the placename unchanged. If the group does not define `placename_to_key`, and it defines a `default_container`
whose placetype is either `country` or `constituent country`, the container name is appended to the placename after a
comma and a space. Otherwise the placename is returned unchanged.
]==]
function export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	if group.placename_to_key == false then
		return placename
	elseif group.placename_to_key then
		local key = group.placename_to_key(placename)
		if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Placename %s returned a non-string key: %s&quot;, placename, key)
		end
		return key
	elseif group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot; then
		return placename
	else
		local defcon = group.default_container
		if not defcon then
			return placename
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;table&quot; and (defcon.placetype == &quot;ประเทศ&quot; or
				defcon.placetype == &quot;constituent country&quot;) then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon.key
		else
			return placename
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Initialize the location spec `spec`, augmenting it with default values taken from `group` if the spec itself doesn't
specify values for the properties. This sets `containers` to a canonicalized list of objects, each with `key` and
`placetype` keys, describing the immediate containers of the location, and erases (sets to nil) the original
non-canonicalized `container` field. (Most locations have only one immediate container but some, e.g. Russia, have more
than one. Containers should be carefully distinguished from category parents. Generally the container is the first
category parent, or the first ``n`` parents if there are ``n`` containers, but there may be additional category parents,
which indicate some sort of relation between the category parent and the location but not necessarily one of
containment.)

This function is idempotent in that nothing happens if called more than once on the same spec.

FIXME: Consider reimplementing this in a more standardly object-oriented way using metatables.
]==]
function export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	if spec.initialized then
		return
	end
	local container = spec.container
	local containers
	local container_from_default
	if not container then
		container = group.default_container
		container_from_default = true
	end
	if container then
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; or container.key then
			container = {container}
		end
		containers = {}
		for _, cont in ipairs(container) do
			if type(cont) == &quot;string&quot; then
				if group.canonicalize_key_container and not container_from_default then
					cont = group.canonicalize_key_container(cont)
				else
					cont = {key = cont, placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}
				end
			end
			insert(containers, cont)
		end
	end
	spec.containers = containers
	spec.container = nil
	local function value_with_default(val, default_val)
		if val == nil then
			return default_val
		else
			return val
		end
	end
	local function set_or_default(prop)
		spec[prop] = value_with_default(spec[prop], group[&quot;default_&quot; .. prop])
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;placetype&quot;)
	if not spec.placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found in key %s for spec %s or in group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;divs&quot;)
	spec.addl_divs = group.addl_divs
	for _, prop in ipairs {
		&quot;keydesc&quot;,
		&quot;fulldesc&quot;,
		&quot;addl_parents&quot;,
		&quot;overriding_bare_label_parents&quot;,
		&quot;bare_category_parent_type&quot;,
		&quot;wp&quot;,
		&quot;wpcat&quot;,
		&quot;commonscat&quot;,
		&quot;british_spelling&quot;,
		&quot;the&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_parent&quot;,
		&quot;no_generic_place_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_check_holonym_mismatch&quot;,
		&quot;no_auto_augment_container&quot;,
		&quot;no_include_container_in_desc&quot;,
		&quot;is_city&quot;,
		&quot;is_former_place&quot;,
	} do
		set_or_default(prop)
	end
	-- `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` is correct; if `default_placetype` has something else like `prefecture-level city`
	-- as the canonical placetype but also lists `city` (as Chinese prefecture-level cities do), don't mark as
	-- is_city.
	spec.is_city = value_with_default(spec.is_city, group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;)
	spec.initialized = true
end

--[=[
Given a location group, key and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the key exists in the group
with at least one of the group's key's placetypes matching one of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values:
the group key (which potentially could differ from the passed-in key due to aliases) and the corresponding spec object,
which (as with all functions that return spec objects) has been initialized using `initialize_spec()` (i.e. default
property values have been copied from the group into the spec, if the spec doesn't itself specify a value for the
property in question).

`alias_resolution` controls how aliases are resolved. Normally, both display and category aliases are followed, and
the returned key will reflect the canonical location key. However, if `alias_resolution` is {&quot;none&quot;}, no alias following
happens. In that case, if the key specifies an alias, the spec for the alias rather than the spec for the canonical
location is returned, and importantly, it is returned uninitialized, meaning that properties from the group are not
copied into the spec. (If the key specifies a canonical location, its spec is returned initialized, as in the normal
case where `alias_resolution` is unspecified.) The caller needs to check whether the returned spec is an alias by
looking for an `alias_of` property. If `alias_resolution` is {&quot;display&quot;}, the behavior is the same as for {&quot;none&quot;}
except that if the alias contains a setting `display = true`, the returned key will reflect the canonical location key,
and if the alias contains a setting `display = ``string`` `, the returned key will reflect that string.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
	if alias_resolution ~= nil and alias_resolution ~= &quot;none&quot; and alias_resolution ~= &quot;display&quot; and
		alias_resolution ~= &quot;all&quot; then
		internal_error(&quot;Bad value for 'alias_resolution': %s&quot;, alias_resolution)
	end
	local spec = group.data[key]
	if not spec then
		return nil
	end

	local function check_correct_placetype(placetype)
		if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for _, pt in ipairs(placetype) do
				if list_or_element_contains(placetypes, pt) then
					return true
				end
			end
			return false
		else
			return list_or_element_contains(placetypes, placetype)
		end
	end

	if spec.alias_of then
		local resolved_key = spec.alias_of
		local resolved_spec = group.data[resolved_key]
		if not resolved_spec then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which doesn't exist&quot;, key, resolved_key)
		elseif resolved_spec.alias_of then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which is itself an alias; indirect aliasing not allowed&quot;,
				key, resolved_key)
		end
		if alias_resolution == &quot;none&quot; or alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
			-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
			local placetype = spec.placetype or resolved_spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
			if not placetype then
				internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in any of spec %s, alias-resolved spec %s or in group &quot; ..
					&quot;`default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec, resolved_spec)
			end
			if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
				return nil
			end
			if alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
				if spec.display == true then
					key = resolved_key
				elseif spec.display then
					key = spec.display
				end
			end
			return key, spec
		end
		key = resolved_key
		spec = resolved_spec
	end

	-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
	local placetype = spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
	if not placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in spec %s or group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
		return nil
	end
	export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	return key, spec
end

--[=[
Given a location group, placename and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the placename exists
in the group with at least one of the placetypes of the key in the group that corresponds to the placename matching one
of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values: the key corrsponding to the passed-in placename and the
corresponding spec object. This is similar to `find_matching_key_in_group()` but works with placenames rather than keys.
`alias_resolution` is as in `find_matching_key_in_group()`.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_placename_in_group(group, placetypes, placename, alias_resolution)
	local key = export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	return find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
end

--[==[
If `key` is a canonical known location key (i.e. not an alias), return the corresponding group and initialized spec.
If no such key exists, return {nil}. This throws an internal error if two locations with the same key are found.
]==]
function export.find_canonical_key(key)
	local found_locations = {}
	for _, group in ipairs(export.locations) do
		local spec = group.data[key]
		if not spec then
			-- do nothing
		elseif spec.alias_of then
			mw.log((&quot;Skipping alias '%s' of canonical '%s'&quot;):format(key, spec.alias_of))
		else
			insert(found_locations, {group, spec})
		end
	end
	if not found_locations[1] then
		return nil
	elseif found_locations[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for canonical key %s: %s&quot;, key, found_locations)
	else
		local group, spec = unpack(found_locations[1])
		export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
		return group, spec
	end
end

--[==[
Iterator that returns all locations matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename
or a key along with a list of possible placetypes. Usually there will be at most one such location. The iterator
returns three values at each iteration: the location group, canonical key by which the location is known and the spec
object describing the location. `data` contains the following possible fields:
* `placetypes`: A list of possible placetypes, one of which must match one of the location's placetypes; or a string
  specifying a placetype, which must match one of the location's placetypes. This must be specified.
* `placename`: The placename of the location. Either this or `key` must be specified.
* `key`: The key of the location. Either this or `placename` must be specified.
* `alias_resolution`: If specified, it behaves the same as for `find_matching_key_in_group`.
The spec is normally initialized using `initialize_spec()` prior to it being returned (but may not be if
`alias_resolution` is given and the specified key or placename is an alias; see the documentation for
`find_matching_key_in_group`).
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_location(data)
	local i = 0
	local n = #export.locations
	return function()
		while true do
			i = i + 1
			if i &gt; n then
				break
			end
			local group = export.locations[i]
			local key, spec
			if data.placename then
				key, spec = find_matching_placename_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.placename,
					data.alias_resolution)
			else
				if not data.key then
					internal_error(&quot;'.placename' or '.key' must be defined: %s&quot;, data)
				end
				key, spec = find_matching_key_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.key, data.alias_resolution)
			end
			if key then
				return group, key, spec
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Return the location matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename or a key along
with a list of possible placetypes. This is similar to `iterate_matching_location()` but throws an internal error if
there is not exactly one location found; as such, it is for use with internally specified locations (such as the
containers of known locations) rather than externally specified locations, which may not match a known location and in
some cases may match multiple known locations. For finding an externally specified location, consider using
`find_matching_holonym_location`, which returns {nil} rather than throwing an error if the location isn't found, but
also (more importantly) checks to make sure there are no conflicting holonyms among the user-specified holonyms (e.g.
{{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/USA|t=Newark}} will not match the known location `Newark` (in New Jersey, not Delaware).
]==]
function export.get_matching_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in export.iterate_matching_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Couldn't find matching location for data %s&quot;, data)
	elseif all_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for data %s: %s&quot;, data, all_found)
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end

--[==[
Successively iterate over a location's containers, and then the containers of those containers, etc. Keep in mind that
locations may have multiple containers (e.g. Russia has both Europe and Asia as containers, and both Europe and Asia
have Eurasia as their container). A given container will never be returned twice (e.g. in the case where a specific
location A has locations B and C as containers, and B has C as its container, C will not be returned twice). An
internal error happens if a container loop is detected. The return value is a list of location objects, each of which
contains `group`, `key` and `spec` fields.
]==]
function export.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
	local keys_seen = {}
	keys_seen[key] = true
	local iterations = 0
	local last_iteration_containers = {{group = group, key = key, spec = spec}}
	return function()
		iterations = iterations + 1
		if iterations &gt; 10 then
			internal_error(&quot;Probable loop in containers when processing key %s&quot;, key)
		end
		local next_iteration_containers = {}
		for _, location in ipairs(last_iteration_containers) do
			local containers = location.spec.containers
			if containers then
				for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
					local container_group, container_key, container_spec = export.get_matching_location {
						placetypes = container.placetype,
						key = container.key,
					}
					if not keys_seen[container_key] then
						insert(next_iteration_containers, {
							group = container_group, key = container_key, spec = container_spec
						})
						keys_seen[container_key] = true
					end
				end
			end
		end
		if not next_iteration_containers[1] then
			return nil
		end
		last_iteration_containers = next_iteration_containers
		return next_iteration_containers
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placename, convert it into a link (two-part if `display_form` is given and differs from `placename`) and add
`&quot;the &quot;` to the beginning if called for in `spec`.
]==]
function export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename, display_form)
	local linked_placename = display_form and placename ~= display_form and (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(placename,
		display_form) or (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(placename)
	if spec.the then
		linked_placename = &quot;the &quot; .. linked_placename
	end
	return linked_placename
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `key_to_placename`. It generates a function that chops off parts of a string (a
location key), typically at the end, in order to get the full and elliptical versions of a placename. (See the
documentation above for `key_to_placename` under &quot;Location group tables&quot; for the difference between full and elliptical
placenames.) `container_patterns` is a Lua pattern or a list of possible patterns matching the container at the end of
the key, which will be used to remove that container. If multiple patterns are specified, each one is tried until one
matches. If `container_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped. The reulting string becomes the full
placename. If `divtype_patterns` is specified, it is likewise either a Lua pattern or list of possible patterns to match
and remove the political division affixed onto the end (or possibly the beginning) of the key in the keys of certain
countries (such as South Korean and North Korean counties, which include the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; in the key). The resulting
chopped string becomes the elliptical placename. If `divtype_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped
and the full and elliptical placenames are the same.

Typical usage is as follows:

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, England$&quot;),
```

or (when the political division is part of the key)

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;)
```
]=]
local function make_key_to_placename(container_patterns, divtype_patterns)
	if type(container_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		container_patterns = {container_patterns}
	end
	if type(divtype_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		divtype_patterns = {divtype_patterns}
	end
	return function(key)
		local full_placename = key
		if container_patterns then
			for _, container_pattern in ipairs(container_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				full_placename, nsubs = full_placename:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		local elliptical_placename = full_placename
		if divtype_patterns then
			for _, divtype_pattern in ipairs(divtype_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				elliptical_placename, nsubs = elliptical_placename:gsub(divtype_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `placename_to_key`. It generates a function that appends a string to the end of a given
placename to get the key (see the definition of `placename_to_key` above in the documentation under &quot;Location group
tables&quot;). Optional `divtype_suffix` is a raw string (which should not contain hyphens or other characters that have
special meaning in Lua patterns) to be appended first to the placename; if already present at the end, it is not
appended. `container_suffix` is then added in the same fashion if given. Typical usage is like this:

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, England&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Hampshire&quot;` into `&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;`)

or

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; County&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Gangwon&quot;` or `&quot;Gangwon County&quot;` into `&quot;Gangwon County, South Korea&quot;`).
]=]
local function make_placename_to_key(container_suffix, divtype_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		local key = placename
		if divtype_suffix then
			if not key:find(&quot;^&quot; .. divtype_suffix) then --th; เปลี่ยนไปเติมข้างหน้าแทน
				key = divtype_suffix .. key --th
			end
		end
		if container_suffix then
			key = container_suffix .. key --th
		end
		return key
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `canonicalize_key_container`, which converts a container as specified in the location
data into the canonical form containing both the full container key and its placetype. It generates a function to do
the canonicalization of a given container. If the container is a string, `suffix` is appended onto the string (use {nil}
or {&quot;&quot;} if there is no suffix to append), and the placetype is set to `placetype`. Otherwise the container is left
as-is. Typical usage is like this:

```
canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;)
```

which will convert e.g. `&quot;Ontario&quot;` into `{key = &quot;Ontario, Canada&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}`.
]=]
local function make_canonicalize_key_container(suffix, placetype)
	return function(container)
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return {key = container .. (suffix or &quot;&quot;), placetype = placetype}
		else
			return container
		end
	end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               Top-level tables                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.continents = {
	[&quot;โลก&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;ธรรมชาติ&quot;},
			fulldesc = &quot;=the planet [[Earth]] and the features found on it&quot;},
		[&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
		[&quot;อเมริกา&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[America]], in the sense of [[North America]] and [[South America]] combined&quot;,
				wp = &quot;Americas&quot;},
		[&quot;อเมริกาส์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, the = true},
			[&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				fulldesc = &quot;=the territory of [[Antarctica]]&quot;},
		[&quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[Eurasia]], i.e. [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] together&quot;},
			[&quot;เอเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ยุโรป&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
			[&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย (ภูมิภาค)&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
			[&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
}

export.continents_group = {
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {}, -- container parents should be used
	default_divs = {{type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}},
	-- It's enough to mention the first-level continent or continent group. It seems excessive to write e.g.
	-- &quot;El Salvador, a country in Central America, a continental region in North America, a continent in America, ...&quot;.
	default_no_include_container_in_desc = true,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	default_no_generic_place_cat = true,
	-- French Guyana is in France but not in Europe, which should not be an issue, so don't check holonym mismatches at
	-- this level. We also run into problems with supercontinents, which have &quot;ทวีป&quot; as the fallback and cause
	-- mismatches.
	default_no_check_holonym_mismatch = true,
	data = export.continents,
}

-- Countries: including those with partial recognition that are normally considered countries (e.g. Kosovo, Taiwan).
export.countries = {
	[&quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอลเบเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;administrative units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อันดอร์รา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แองโกลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอนทีกาและบาร์บิวดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐอาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- Both a country and continent
	[&quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาฮามาส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;บาห์เรน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาร์เบโดส&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลารุส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลเยียม&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบนิน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;ภูฏาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;gewogs&quot;}},
	[&quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;entities&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia and Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย-เฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia-Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอตสวานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บราซิล&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;macroregions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;บรูไน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;mukims&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;บุรุนดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;กัมพูชา&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct (e.g. &quot;First Nations reserves&quot;) until/unless
		-- the Canadian government makes a similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is
		-- still at [[w:Indian reserves]]).
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคปเวิร์ด&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;subprefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;CAR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;C.A.R&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;ชาด&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;ชิลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;จีน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;มณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former provinces&quot;},
		&quot;special administrative regions&quot;,
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;FORMER prefectures&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former prefectures&quot;},
		&quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;FORMER districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former districts&quot;},
		&quot;subdistricts&quot;,
		&quot;townships&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;direct-administered municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;จีน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอโมโรส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous islands&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;คิวบา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เช็กเกีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}},
	[&quot;คองโก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;DRC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;D.R.C&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Denmark]] (constituent country) from [[w:Danish Realm]] (country)
	},
	[&quot;จิบูตี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ดอมินีกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[Dominican Republic]], the country that shares the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Hispaniola]] with [[Haiti]]&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, wp = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์ตะวันออก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;อียิปต์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิเควทอเรียลกินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;subregions&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอสโตเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สวาซีแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
	[&quot;ฟีจี&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;collectivities&quot;,
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบอง&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แกมเบีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;จอร์เจีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the country of [[Georgia]], in [[Eurasia]]&quot;, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;%l (country)&quot;},
	[&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia have administrative regions as divisions, but
		-- there aren't really enough of them to categorize per state.
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;regional units&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;peripheries&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีเนดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี-บิสเซา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;กายอานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เฮติ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;arrondissements&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮังการี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไอซ์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินเดีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;regencies&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of provinces&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;อิหร่าน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิรัก&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;Republic of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิตาลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;metropolitan cities&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- We should really be using Ivory Coast (common name) but there are political ramifications to the use of
	-- Côte d'Ivoire so don't make it a display alias.
	[&quot;ไอวอรีโคสต์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;},
	[&quot;จาเมกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;จอร์แดน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;คาซัคสถาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคนยา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kiribati&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kosovo&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kuwait&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;areas&quot;}},
	[&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Laos&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Latvia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lebanon&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lesotho&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Liberia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Libya&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lithuania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Luxembourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Madagascar&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malawi&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Malaysia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;federal territories&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Maldives&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;administrative atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mali&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cercles&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malta&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;local councils&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritius&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mexico&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Moldova&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous territorial units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		&quot;communes&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Monaco&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- We want the first placetype to be 'city-state' so the description of Monaco says it's a city-state, but we
		-- want its parent to be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mongolia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Montenegro&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Morocco&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mozambique&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Myanmar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;union territories&quot;,
		{type = &quot;self-administered zones&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		{type = &quot;self-administered divisions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Burma&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- not display-canonicalizing; has political connotations
	[&quot;Namibia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;constituencies&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nauru&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nepal&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;constituent country&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former municipalities&quot;},
			&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;constituent countries&quot;}, british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Netherlands]] (constituent country) from [[w:Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
		-- (country)
	},
	[&quot;New Zealand&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;territorial authorities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;territorial authorities&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nicaragua&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Niger&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nigeria&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Categorize the Federal Capital Territory as a state because there's only one of it; we could categorize
		-- everything under 'states and territories' but that seems a bit pointless.
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐ&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;North Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;North Macedonia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Republic of North Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Republic of Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Norway&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;unincorporated areas&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Oman&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;administrative territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Palau&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Palestine&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;State of Palestine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Palestine&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Panama&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Paraguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Peru&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Philippines&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poland&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;voivodeships&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Portugal&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Qatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Congo Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Romania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of counties&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Russia&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;, &quot;oblasts&quot;, &quot;krais&quot;, &quot;federal cities&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;federal districts&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Rwanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;SVG&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;S.V.G&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Samoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;San Marino&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;São Tome and Principe&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;Senegal&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Serbia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;autonomous provinces&quot;}},
	[&quot;Seychelles&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Singapore&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovenia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;statistical regions&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	-- Note: While the official name does not include &quot;the&quot; at the beginning, 
	-- it sounds strange in English to leave it out and it's commonly included.
	[&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Africa&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;district municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{type = &quot;metropolitan municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;South Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Spain&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous communities&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		&quot;comarcas&quot;, &quot;autonomous cities&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Suriname&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sweden&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Switzerland&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Syria&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;, &quot;special municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;, different political connotations
	[&quot;Tajikistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tanzania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไทย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Togo&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tonga&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Tunisia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;delegations&quot;}},
	[&quot;Turkey&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	-- Foreign names generally get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Türkiye&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		-- The 5 regions are often also called provinces
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, {type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, &quot;districts&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Tuvalu&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Uganda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Ukraine&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;oblasts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous republics&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;emirates&quot;}},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UAE&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.A.E.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;United Kingdom&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;constituent countries&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			&quot;traditional counties&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[United Kingdom]] of Great Britain and Northern Ireland&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UK&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.K.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;United States&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;derogatory names for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;official nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, -- exist in Pennsylvania and New Jersey
			&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, -- these exist politically at least in Colorado and Connecticut
			{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct until/unless the US government makes a
			-- similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is still at
			-- [[w:Indian reservations]]).
			&quot;Indian reservations&quot;,
		}},
	-- Abbreviations and long forms (when possible) get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;US&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;USA&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.A.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;United States of America&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Uruguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Vanuatu&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- First placetype should be 'city-state' for to shown up in its description,
		-- Its parent should still be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;}, is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vatican City&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Western Sahara&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;,
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	-- Not display-canonicalizable both due to differences in 'the' and the sovereignty dispute over Western Sahara
	[&quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Sahara&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;SADR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Yemen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zambia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
}

local function canonicalize_continent_container(key)
	if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
		return key
	end
	if export.continents[key] then
		return {key = key, placetype = export.continents[key].placetype}
	end
	internal_error(&quot;Unrecognized key %s in `canonicalize_continent_like`&quot;, key)
end

export.countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;+++&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.countries,
}

-- Country-like entities: typically overseas territories or de-facto independent countries, which in both cases
-- are not internationally recognized as sovereign nations but which we treat similarly to countries.
export.country_like_entities = {
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Akrotiri and Dhekelia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Åland: Listed as a region of Finland. Wikipedia lists this under &quot;dependent territories&quot; in
	--   [[w:List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent]].
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;American Samoa&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United States&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Anguilla&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;Abkhazia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Abkhazia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Ashmore and Cartier Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Aruba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Bermuda&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Bonaire&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Indian Ocean Territory&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian dependent territory
	[&quot;Bouvet Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Cayman Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Christmas Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Sui generis French &quot;state private property&quot; per Wikipedia; classify as overseas territory like the
	-- French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
	[&quot;Clipperton Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
	},
	-- Australian external territory; also called the Keeling Islands or (officially) the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
	[&quot;Cocos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		wp = &quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Keeling Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Cook Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Curaçao&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special territory of Chile
	[&quot;Easter Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Falkland Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Faroe Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;French Polynesia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- French overseas territory
	[&quot;French Southern and Antarctic Lands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Gibraltar&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Greenland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Guam&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United States&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Guernsey
	[&quot;Guernsey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		wp = &quot;Bailiwick of %l&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Guernsey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Guernsey&quot;, the = true},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Heard Island and McDonald Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Hong Kong&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency
	[&quot;Isle of Man&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Jan Mayen&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Jersey
	[&quot;Jersey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Jersey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jersey&quot;, the = true},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Macau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Montserrat&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special collectivity of France
	[&quot;New Caledonia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;New Zealand Subantarctic Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Niue&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Norfolk Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Cyprus
	[&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;Turkey&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Northern Cyprus]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Cyprus]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth, unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Northern Mariana Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United States&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Pitcairn Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth of the United States
	[&quot;Puerto Rico&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United States&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Saba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Barthélemy&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		divs = {{type = &quot;constituent parts&quot;, container_parent_type = false}},
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
		-- constituent parts of the combined oveseas territory
		[&quot;Ascension Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Saint Helena&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Martin&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Eustatius&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Maarten&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Somalia
	[&quot;Somaliland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Somaliland]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Somalia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	-- FIXME: We should form the group &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot; like we did for
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	[&quot;South Georgia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;South Ossetia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[South Ossetia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;South Sandwich Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		wp = true,
		wpcat = &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Svalbard&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;Tokelau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Moldova
	[&quot;Transnistria&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Moldova&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Transnistria]], internationally recognized as part of [[Moldova]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Turks and Caicos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Minor Outlying Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United States&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เกาะ&quot;, &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
		-- FIXME: We should add entries for the other minor outlying islands.
		-- Baker Island (Oceania)
		-- Howland Island (Oceania)
		-- Jarvis Island (Oceania)
		-- Johnston Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Kingman Reef (Oceania)
		-- Midway Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Navassa Island (Caribbean)
		-- Palmyra Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Wake Island (Oceania)
		[&quot;Wake Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
			container = &quot;United States&quot;,
			addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
		},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;United States&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;U.S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;US Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Wallis and Futuna&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
}

export.country_like_entities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;country-like entities&quot;},
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- These entities often aren't really part of their container; a village in Wallis and Futuna (an overseas
	-- collectivity of France in Polynesia), for example, shouldn't be treated as a village in France, nor as a village
	-- in Europe.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.country_like_entities,
}

-- Former countries and such; we don't create &quot;Cities in ...&quot; categories because they don't exist anymore
export.former_countries = {
	-- de-facto independent state of Armenian ethnicity, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan
	-- (also known as Nagorno-Karabakh)
	-- NOTE: Formerly listed Armenia as a parent; this seems politically non-neutral so I've taken it out.
	[&quot;Artsakh&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former de-facto independent state of [[Artsakh]], internationally recognized as part of [[Azerbaijan]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Artsakh&quot;},
	[&quot;Czechoslovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;East Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เวียดนามเหนือ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;เปอร์เซีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Byzantine Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Ancient Europe&quot;, &quot;Ancient Near East&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;themes&quot;,
		}},
	[&quot;Roman Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;},
		}},
	[&quot;เวียดนามใต้&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;Soviet Union&quot;] = {
		the = true, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous republics&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;West Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Yugoslavia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1918–1943) or the former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1943–1992)&quot;, british_spelling = true},
}

export.former_countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	default_is_former_place = true,
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.former_countries,
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                  Subpolity tables                             --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_states_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Jervis Bay Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Queensland, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tasmania, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Victoria, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states and territories of Australia
export.australia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;local government areas&quot;,
	data = export.australia_states_and_territories,
}

export.austria_states = {
	[&quot;Vienna, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Upper Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Styria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tyrol, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Tyrol (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Carinthia, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salzburg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Salzburg (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Vorarlberg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Burgenland, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Austria
export.austria_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.austria_states,
}

export.bangladesh_divisions = {
	[&quot;Barisal Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mymensingh Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rajshahi Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rangpur Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sylhet Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
}

-- divisions of Bangladesh
export.bangladesh_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ$&quot;, &quot; Division$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, &quot; Division&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;division&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.bangladesh_divisions,
}

export.brazil_states = {
	[&quot;Acre, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Alagoas, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amapá, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amazonas, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Brazilian state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Bahia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ceará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Distrito Federal, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Federal District (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;Espírito Santo, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Goiás, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maranhão, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minas Gerais, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraíba, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraná, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pernambuco, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piauí, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Norte, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rondônia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Roraima, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santa Catarina, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;São Paulo, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sergipe, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tocantins, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Brazil
export.brazil_group = {
	default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_states,
}

export.canada_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Alberta, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;municipal districts&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;rural municipalities&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;British Columbia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs =
		{type = &quot;regional districts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Manitoba, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;New Brunswick, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, {type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, cat_as = &quot;parishes&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Newfoundland and Labrador, แคนาดา&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northwest Territories, แคนาดา&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Nova Scotia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nunavut, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Ontario, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;, {type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Prince Edward Island, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, &quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saskatchewan, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Quebec, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		-- administrative regions have an official (but non-governmental) function but there don't appear to be any
		-- equivalent regions elsewhere in Canada, so disable the [[Category:Regions of Canada]] grouping
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}},
	[&quot;Yukon, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Yukon Territory, แคนาดา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yukon, Canada&quot;, the = true},
}

-- provinces and territories of Canada
export.canada_group = {
	default_container = &quot;แคนาดา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
	data = export.canada_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions = {
	-- direct-administered municipalities are not here but below under prefecture-level cities
	[&quot;Anhui, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fuchien, จีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gansu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangdong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Guizhou, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hainan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hebei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Heilongjiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Henan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hubei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Jiangsu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jiangxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jilin, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liaoning, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Qinghai, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shaanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shandong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sichuan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tibet, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;, wp = &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;},
	[&quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Yunnan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zhejiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and autonomous regions of China
export.china_group = {
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;มณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities = {
	-- In China, a &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; is not a city in any real sense. It is rather a prefecture, which is an
	-- administrative unit smaller than a province but bigger than a county, which is administratively controlled by
	-- the chief city of the prefecture (which bears the same name as the prefecture), in a unified government. Prior
	-- to the mid-1980's, in fact, prefecture-level cities *were* prefectures, and a few of them (especially in the
	-- western portion of China) have not yet been converted. Generally a given province is entirely tiled by
	-- prefecture-level cities, another indication that they should be treated as prefectures and not cities per se.
	-- Yet another indication is that prefecture-level cities can contain counties and county-level cities (which, much
	-- like prefecture-level cities, are effectively counties surrounding a chief city of the county, again which bears
	-- the same name as the county-level city).
	--
	-- For this reason, we treat prefecture-level cities as non-city political divisions, and separately enumerate the
	-- most populous so we can separately categorize districts and counties under them instead of lumping them at the
	-- province level.
	--
	-- Note also that China separately distinguishes &quot;urban area&quot; from &quot;metro area&quot;. Sometimes the two figures are
	-- identical but sometimes the metro area is larger (and very occasionally smaller, which I assume is an error). I'm
	-- guessing that the &quot;urban area&quot; is the contiguous urban area over a certain density while the metro area includes
	-- all urban areas above a certain density; when the latter is greater, it's because of satellite cities in the
	-- metro area separated by suburban/exurban or rural land.

	-- At first I chose all prefecture/province-level cities with a total prefecture/province-level population of at
	-- least 6,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/admin/ (a total
	-- of 67, including the four direct-administered municipalities), and also chose all prefecture/province-level
	-- cities whose &quot;urban population&quot; was at least 2,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List of cities in China by population#Cities and towns by population]] (a total of 61 cities; if we cut off
	-- at 1.5 million we'd have 84 cities, and if we cut off at 1 million we'd have 105 cities). Merging them produces
	-- 87 cities. Note that this leaves off a few well-known cities (Guilin, Qiqihar, Kashgar, Lhasa, ...) but includes
	-- a lot of obscure cities.
	--
	-- At a later date I added all cities from citypopulation.de whose &quot;urban&quot; population per the 2020 China census was
	-- &gt;= 1 million, and then finally added all urban agglomerations from citypopulation.de whose 2025-01-01 estimate
	-- was &gt;= 1 million. These are sorted below by the urban agglomeration value (which is generally of the &quot;adm-urb&quot; =
	-- &quot;administrative area (urban population)&quot; type) and sometimes groups nearby cities into a single agglomeration
	-- (most notably in the case of the Pearl River Delta, grouped under Guangzhou with an agglomeration population of
	-- 72,700,000 but including a large number of nearby large cities in the agglomeration (although for some reason not
	-- Hong Kong, maybe due to the administrative issues involved). In addition, citypopulation.de includes divisions
	-- under a prefecture-level city if they are city-like and have an agglomeration population of at least 1 million;
	-- this includes several county-level cities, one county and one district (Wanzhou, a &quot;district&quot; of Chongqing
	-- despite being 142 miles away). None of the county-level cities or counties have districts under them, only
	-- subdistricts, towns and townships.

	[&quot;Guangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 18.7 prefectural, 18.8 urban; sub-provincial city; 16.097 urban (72.700 adm-urb including Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Zhongshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongguan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 10.5 prefectural, 10.5 urban; 9.645 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Foshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 9.5 prefectural, 9.5 urban; 9.043 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Huizhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.0 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.900 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jiangmen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.798 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.795 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shenzhen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 17.5 prefectural, 14.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 17.445 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhongshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.418 prefectural, 4.4 urban; 3.842 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shanghai&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 24.9 prefectural, 29.9 urban; 21.910 urban (41.600 adm-urb including Changshu, Changzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changshu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.231 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Cangzhou in Hebei
	[&quot;Changzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 5.278 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 3.187 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: There is also a prefecture-level city Suzhou in Anhui with 5.3 million prefectural inhabitants
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 12.8 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 5.893 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Wuxi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 3.3 urban; 3.957 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Beijing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 21.9 prefectural, 21.9 urban; 18.961 urban (21.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chengdu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 20.9 prefectural, 16.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 13.568 urban (18.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiamen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 5.163 prefectural, 5.2 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.617 urban (15.400 adm-urb including Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Putian) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 1.416 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Quanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.7 urban (6.7 metro); 1.469 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Putian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 3.210 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.539 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Hangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 11.9 prefectural, 10.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.236 urban (14.600 adm-urb including Shaoxing) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 5.270 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.333 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Hangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Xi'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 12.1 prefectural, 11.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.393 urban (13.400 adm-urb including Xianyang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.193 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xi'an agglomeration
	[&quot;Chongqing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 32.1 prefectural, 16.9 urban; 9.581 urban (12.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 12.4 prefectural, 12.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 10.495 urban (12.600 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tianjin&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 13.9 prefectural, 13.9 urban; 11.052 urban (11.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.630 urban (11.500 adm-urb including Xiangtan, Zhuzhou) per citypopulation.de
	-- Changsha County -- 1.024 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.510 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Changsha agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhengzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 12.6 prefectural, 6.7 urban; 6.461 urban (10.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanjing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.3 prefectural, 9.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.520 urban (9.500 adm-urb including Ma'anshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shenyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 7.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.026 urban (8.800 adm-urb including Fushun) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fushun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.229 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shenyang agglomeration
	[&quot;Hefei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 4.2 urban; 5.056 urban (8.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shantou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 5.502 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.839 urban (8.050 adm-urb including Chaozhou, Jieyang, Puning) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chaozhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jieyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.243 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Qingdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 10.1 prefectural, 7.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 6.165 urban (7.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ningbo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 5.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 3.731 urban (7.600 adm-urb including Cixi, Yuyao) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Cixi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.458 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	[&quot;Yuyao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.014 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	-- Hong Kong 7.500 agglomeration per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 estimate including Kowloon, Victoria
	[&quot;Wenzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.6 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 2.582 urban (7.000 adm-urb including Rui'an, Cangnan, Pingyang) per citypopulation.de
	-- Rui'an is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Wenzhou but in fact is 19 miles away from Wenzhou city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Rui'an&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Wenzhou&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 1.013 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Wenzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Kunming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 8.5 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.273 urban (6.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Láiwú city
	[&quot;Jinan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.2 prefectural, 8.4 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.648 urban (6.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Xīnjí city
	[&quot;Shijiazhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.2 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 5.090 urban (6.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taiyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 5.304 prefectural, 4.5 urban; 4.304 urban (6.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Harbin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 7.0 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.243 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanning&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 8.7 prefectural, 3.8 urban; 4.583 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dalian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.914 urban (5.400 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guiyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 5.987 prefectural, 3.5 urban; 4.021 urban (5.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changchun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.557 urban (5.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 3.6 (3.9?) urban, 5.3 metro; 3.519 urban (5.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ürümqi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.054 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.843 urban (5.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Urumqi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ürümqi&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.3 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 3.723 urban (4.775 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 11.0 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.744 urban (4.650 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 4.704 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.750 urban (3.975 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.231 urban (3.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gansu&quot;}, -- 4.359 prefectural, 3.1 urban; 3.013 urban (3.575 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nantong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.988 urban (3.475 adm-urb) citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weifang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.998 urban (3.325 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiangyin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.331 urban (3.200 adm-urb including Zhangjiagang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiagang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.056 urban per citypopulation.de; included in Jiangyin figures
	[&quot;Xuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.846 urban (3.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Handan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.8 urban; 2.095 urban (2.925 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hohhot&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 3.446 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 2.373 urban (2.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Haikou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hainan&quot;}, -- 2.873 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.349 urban (2.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tangshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 3.4 urban; 2.550 urban (2.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinxiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 1.2 urban, 2.7 metro; 1.271 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yiwu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.481 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuhai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 2.439 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.207 urban (2.675 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.486 urban (2.625 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;},
	[&quot;Yantai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.312 urban (2.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yinchuan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.663 urban (2.525 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liuzhou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.157 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.205 urban (2.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.480 urban (2.350 adm-urb including Liáoyáng) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 2.067 urban (2.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (2.275 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qinghai&quot;}, -- 1.677 urban (2.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Dìngzhōu city and Xióngān Xīnqū
	[&quot;Baoding&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.5 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.940 urban (2.225 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baotou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 2.709 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.104 urban (2.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ganzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.778 urban (2.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Pingdingshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.046 urban (2.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zunyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 2.4 urban/metro; 1.675 urban (2.025 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bengbu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Datong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 3.105 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.810 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (1.960 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.556 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 1.805 urban (1.940 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zaozhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.350 urban (1.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhanjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 1.9 urban; 1.401 urban (1.890 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huainan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.256 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.4 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.700 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Daqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.604 urban (1.860 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.598 urban (1.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guilin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.361 urban (1.830 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Mianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.549 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiangyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.686 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.084 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Puyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.824 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangqiu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.8 prefectural, 1.9 urban (2.8 metro); 1.031 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qinhuangdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.520 urban (1.740 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xingtai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 971,000 urban; 1.5 urban (1.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.7 prefectural, 2.1 urban/metro; 1.481 urban (1.680 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaozuo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.875 urban (1.640 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 1.509 urban (1.610 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jilin City&quot;},
	[&quot;Jinhua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.041 urban (1.590 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangrao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.5 prefectural, 2.1 urban, 1.3 metro [sic]; 1.342 urban (1.580 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Heze&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.3 urban; 1.294 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yulin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 0.878 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.417 urban (1.560 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weihai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.340 urban (1.510 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Taizhou, Jiangsu would be here (1.490 adm-urb) but moved to china_prefecture_level_cities_2 to avoid clash
	[&quot;Yancheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 6.7 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.353 urban (1.460 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiakou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.339 urban (1.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Maoming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 1.308 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fuyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 8.2 prefectural, 2.1 urban; 1.191 urban (1.410 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xuchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.850 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yichang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.284 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dazhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.136 urban (1.380 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Kaifeng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.194 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.128 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qingyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.198 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huaibei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 0.831 urban (1.330 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yibin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.310 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lu'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.070 urban (1.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.843 urban (1.290 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Rizhao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.147 urban (1.270 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changzhi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 1.047 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.185 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.021 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liaocheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.020 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changde&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Suqian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.082 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 1.4 urban/metro; 1.015 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baoji&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.108 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yueyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.125 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhenjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.124 urban (1.210 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Wanzhou is a &quot;district&quot; of the &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot; of Chongqing but in fact is 142 miles away from Chongqing city proper.
	[&quot;Wanzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;district&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Chongqing&quot;, placetype = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (1.190 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ulanhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.093 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chifeng&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulankhad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhaoqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.036 urban (1.160 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lianyungang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.599 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.071 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qujing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 0.976 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Shuyang is a &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Suqian but in fact is 38 miles away from Suqian city proper (urban core to urban core).
	-- The county itself is 37 miles by 34 miles.
	[&quot;Shuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Suqian&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l County&quot;}, -- 0.986 urban (1.120 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Yongkang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Jinhua but in fact is 32 miles away from Jinhua city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Yongkang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Jinhua&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Zhejiang&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.110 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhoukou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 721,000 urban (1.6 metro); &lt; 0.750 urban (1.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Beihai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- &lt; 1 urban (1.090 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiujiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 802,000 urban, 1.4 metro; &lt; 1 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 0.885 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shiyan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 0.955 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huludao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.764 urban (1.060 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongying&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.961 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guigang&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 0.921 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Liuyang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Changsha but in fact is 47 miles away from Changsha city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Liuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Changsha&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.886 urban (1.040 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Changzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Cangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.3 prefectural, 621,000 urban; 0.759 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liupanshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Panjin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.980 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qiqihar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.030 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linfen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Tengzhou is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Zaozhuang but in fact is 30 miles away from Zaozhuang city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Tengzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Zaozhuang&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.937 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de

	-- 3 extra that got added in earlier incarnations and aren't found in the &quot;major agglomerations of the world&quot; page https://citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/ reference date 2025-01-01
	[&quot;Kunshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.652 urban (2020 China census) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhumadian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 722,000 urban per Wikipedia; 0.754 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bijie&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.9 prefectural, ? urban, ? metro (not listed in Wikipedia); &lt; 0.750 urban per citypopulation.de
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot; or &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities,
}

-- Needed to avoid problems with two cities called Taizhou and Suzhou.
export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2 = {
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Taizhou in Zhejiang.
	[&quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.3 urban (1.490 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;},
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Suzhou in Jiangsu.
	[&quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 5.3 prefectural, 1.766 metro and &quot;urban&quot;; &lt; 1 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	-- hopefully this will work because we also have Suzhou as a key by itself for the larger, more-well-known Suzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;},
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2 = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;.
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2,
}

export.finland_regions = {
	[&quot;Lapland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kainuu, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;South Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pirkanmaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satakunta, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijät-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kanta-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kymenlaakso, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Åland&quot;},
	[&quot;Åland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
}

-- regions of Finland
export.finland_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.finland_regions,
}

export.france_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brittany, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Centre-Val de Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Corsica, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- overseas departments are handled in `export.country_like_entities`
	-- [&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Grand Est, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hauts-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Île-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Occitanie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Pays de la Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of France
export.france_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
	-- Canonically these are 'administrative regions' but also treat as 'region' ('administrative region' falls back
	-- to 'region').
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
	},
	data = export.france_administrative_regions,
}

export.france_departments = {
	[&quot;Ain, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 01
	[&quot;Aisne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 02
	[&quot;Allier, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 03
	[&quot;Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 04
	[&quot;Hautes-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 05
	[&quot;Alpes-Maritimes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 06
	[&quot;Ardèche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 07
	[&quot;Ardennes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 08
	[&quot;Ariège, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 09
	[&quot;Aube, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 10
	[&quot;Aude, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 11
	[&quot;Aveyron, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 12
	[&quot;Bouches-du-Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 13
	[&quot;Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 14
	[&quot;Cantal, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 15
	[&quot;Charente, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 16
	[&quot;Charente-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 17
	[&quot;Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 18
	[&quot;Corrèze, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 19
	[&quot;Corse-du-Sud, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2A
	[&quot;Haute-Corse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2B
	[&quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 21
	[&quot;Côte d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 22
	[&quot;Côtes d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Creuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 23
	[&quot;Dordogne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 24
	[&quot;Doubs, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 25
	[&quot;Drôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 26
	[&quot;Eure, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 27
	[&quot;Eure-et-Loir, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 28
	[&quot;Finistère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 29
	[&quot;Gard, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 30
	[&quot;Haute-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 31
	[&quot;Gers, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 32
	[&quot;Gironde, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 33
	[&quot;Hérault, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 34
	[&quot;Ille-et-Vilaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 35
	[&quot;Indre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 36
	[&quot;Indre-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 37
	[&quot;Isère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 38
	[&quot;Jura, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 39
	[&quot;Landes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 40
	[&quot;Loir-et-Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 41
	[&quot;Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 42
	[&quot;Haute-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 43
	[&quot;Loire-Atlantique, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 44
	[&quot;Loiret, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 45
	[&quot;Lot, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 46
	[&quot;Lot-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 47
	[&quot;Lozère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 48
	[&quot;Maine-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 49
	[&quot;Manche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 50
	[&quot;Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 51
	[&quot;Haute-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 52
	[&quot;Mayenne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 53
	[&quot;Meurthe-et-Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 54
	[&quot;Meuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 55
	[&quot;Morbihan, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 56
	[&quot;Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 57
	[&quot;Nièvre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 58
	[&quot;Nord, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (French department)&quot;}, -- 59
	[&quot;Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 60
	[&quot;Orne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 61
	[&quot;Pas-de-Calais, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 62
	[&quot;Puy-de-Dôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 63
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Atlantiques, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 64
	[&quot;Hautes-Pyrénées, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 65
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Orientales, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 66
	[&quot;Bas-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 67
	[&quot;Haut-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 68
	[&quot;Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 69D
	[&quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, the = true}, -- 69M
	[&quot;Lyon Metropolis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Haute-Saône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 70
	[&quot;Saône-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 71
	[&quot;Sarthe, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 72
	[&quot;Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 73
	[&quot;Haute-Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 74
	[&quot;Paris, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 75
	[&quot;Seine-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 76
	[&quot;Seine-et-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 77
	[&quot;Yvelines, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 78
	[&quot;Deux-Sèvres, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 79
	[&quot;Somme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 80
	[&quot;Tarn, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 81
	[&quot;Tarn-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 82
	[&quot;Var, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 83
	[&quot;Vaucluse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 84
	[&quot;Vendée, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 85
	[&quot;Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 86
	[&quot;Haute-Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 87
	[&quot;Vosges, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 88
	[&quot;Yonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 89
	[&quot;Territoire de Belfort, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 90
	[&quot;Essonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 91
	[&quot;Hauts-de-Seine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 92
	[&quot;Seine-Saint-Denis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 93
	[&quot;Val-de-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 94
	[&quot;Val-d'Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 95
	--[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guadeloupe&quot;}, -- 971
	--[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {container = &quot;Martinique&quot;}, -- 972
	--[&quot;Guyane&quot;] = {container = &quot;French Guiana&quot;, wp = &quot;French Guiana&quot;}, -- 973
	--[&quot;La Réunion&quot;] = {container = &quot;Réunion&quot;, wp = &quot;Réunion&quot;}, -- 974
	--[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mayotte&quot;}, -- 976
}

export.france_departments_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;),
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;department&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	},
	data = export.france_departments,
}

export.germany_states = {
	[&quot;Baden-Württemberg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bavaria, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are effectively city-states and don't have districts ([[Kreise]]), so override
	-- the default_divs setting. Better not to include them at all since they're included as cities down below.
	-- [&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Brandenburg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	-- [&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Hesse, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Rhine-Westphalia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rhineland-Palatinate, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saarland, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony-Anhalt, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Schleswig-Holstein, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Thuringia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Germany
export.germany_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	data = export.germany_states,
}

export.greece_regions = {
	[&quot;Attica, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Crete, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Epirus, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Ionian Islands, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	-- I would expect 'the Peloponnese' but Wikipedia mostly has categories like [[w:Category:Geography of Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- and [[w:Category:Buildings and structures in Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]; only [[w:Category:People from the Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- has &quot;the&quot; in it.
	[&quot;Peloponnese, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;South Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Thessaly, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Athos, กรีซ&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;Monastic community of Mount Athos&quot;},
}

-- regions of Greece
export.greece_group = {
	default_container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.greece_regions,
}

local india_polity_with_divisions = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}
local india_polity_without_divisions = {&quot;districts&quot;}

-- States and union territories of India. Only some of them are divided into divisions.
export.india_states_and_union_territories = {
	[&quot;Andaman and Nicobar Islands, อินเดีย&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Andhra Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Arunachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Assam, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Bihar, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Chhattisgarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Goa, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Gujarat, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Haryana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Himachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jharkhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Karnataka, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Kerala, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Ladakh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Lakshadweep, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Madhya Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Maharashtra, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Manipur, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Meghalaya, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Mizoram, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Nagaland, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Odisha, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pondicherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Punjab, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajasthan, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Sikkim, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tamil Nadu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Telangana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tripura, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttar Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttarakhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;West Bengal, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
}

-- states and union territories of India
export.india_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินเดีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.india_states_and_union_territories,
}

export.indonesia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Aceh, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bali, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bangka Belitung Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Banten, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bengkulu, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorontalo, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Jakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Jambi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lampung, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Riau, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Riau Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Southeast Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
}

-- provinces of Indonesia
export.indonesia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- per https://www.quora.com/Does-Indonesia-use-British-or-American-English, อินโดนีเซีย tends to use American
	-- spellings.
	data = export.indonesia_provinces,
}

export.iran_provinces = {
	[&quot;Alborz, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AL, capital [[w:Karaj]]
	[&quot;Ardabil, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AR, capital [[w:Ardabil]]
	[&quot;Bushehr, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation BU, capital [[w:Bushehr]]
	[&quot;Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation CB, capital [[w:Shahr-e Kord]]
	[&quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation EA, capital [[w:Tabriz]]
	[&quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation FA, capital [[w:Shiraz]]
	[&quot;Pars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gilan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GN, capital [[w:Rasht]]
	[&quot;Golestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GO, capital [[w:Gorgan]]
	[&quot;Hamadan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HA, capital [[w:Hamadan]]
	[&quot;Hormozgan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HO, capital [[w:Bandar Abbas]]
	[&quot;Ilam, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IL, capital [[w:Ilam, อิหร่าน|Ilam]]
	[&quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IS, capital [[w:Isfahan]]
	[&quot;Kerman, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KN, capital [[w:Kerman]]
	[&quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KE, capital [[w:Kermanshah]]
	[&quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KH, capital [[w:Ahvaz]]
	[&quot;Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KB, capital [[w:Yasuj]]
	[&quot;Kurdistan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KU, capital [[w:Sanandaj]]
	[&quot;Lorestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation LO, capital [[w:Khorramabad]]
	[&quot;Markazi, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MA, capital [[w:Arak, อิหร่าน|Arak]]
	[&quot;Mazandaran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MN, capital [[w:Sari, อิหร่าน|Sari]]
	[&quot;North Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation NK, capital [[w:Bojnord]]
	[&quot;Qazvin, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QA, capital [[w:Qazvin]]
	[&quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QM, capital [[w:Qom]]
	[&quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation RK, capital [[w:Mashhad]]
	[&quot;Semnan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SE, capital [[w:Semnan, อิหร่าน|Semnan]]
	[&quot;Sistan and Baluchestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SB, capital [[w:Zahedan]]
	[&quot;South Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SK, capital [[w:Birjand]]
	[&quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation TE, capital [[w:Tehran]]
	[&quot;West Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation WA, capital [[w:Urmia]]
	[&quot;Yazd, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation YA, capital [[w:Yazd]]
	[&quot;Zanjan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation ZA, capital [[w:Zanjan, อิหร่าน|Zanjan]]
}

-- provinces of Iran
export.iran_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, อิหร่าน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, อิหร่าน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อิหร่าน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There aren't nearly enough counties of Iran currently entered in any language to allow for categorizing them
	-- per-province. (As of 2025-05-09, there are only 6 counties in each of [[Category:en:Counties of Iran]],
	-- [[Category:fa:Counties of Iran]] and [[Category:ar:Counties of Iran]].)
	-- default_divs = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.iran_provinces,
}

export.ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Carlow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cavan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Clare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Donegal, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Galway, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kerry, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kildare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kilkenny, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Laois, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Leitrim, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Limerick, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Longford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Louth, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Meath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Monaghan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Offaly, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Roscommon, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Sligo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Tipperary, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Waterford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Westmeath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wexford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wicklow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
}

local function make_irish_type_key_to_placename(container_pattern)
	return function(key)
		key = key:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
		local elliptical_key = key:gsub(&quot;^County &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		return key, elliptical_key
	end
end

local function make_irish_type_placename_to_key(container_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		if not placename:find(&quot;^County &quot;) and not placename:find(&quot;^City &quot;) then
			placename = &quot;County &quot; .. placename
		end
		return placename .. container_suffix
	end
end

-- counties of Ireland
export.ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.ireland_counties,
}

export.italy_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Abruzzo, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aosta Valley, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Apulia, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Basilicata, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Calabria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campania, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Emilia-Romagna, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lazio, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liguria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lombardy, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marche, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Molise, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piedmont, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sardinia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sicily, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tuscany, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Umbria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veneto, Italy&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of Italy
export.italy_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อิตาลี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.italy_administrative_regions,
}

-- table of Japanese prefectures; interpolated into the main 'places' table, but also needed separately
export.japan_prefectures = {
	[&quot;ไอจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อากิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อาโอโมริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จิบะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เอฮิเมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูอิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กิฟุ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กุมมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮิโรชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮกไกโด, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {divs = &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, wp = &quot;ฮกไกโด&quot;},
	[&quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Hyogo, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;อิบารากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิชิกาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิวาเตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คาโงชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คานางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Kochi, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;คูมาโมโตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เกียวโต, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิเอะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยางิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาโนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นาระ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นีงาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Oita, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;โอกายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอกินาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอซากะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซางะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไซตามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิมาเนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิซูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทจิงิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ทตโตริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทยามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;วากายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางูจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามานาชิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
}

-- prefectures of Japan
export.japan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.japan_prefectures,
}

export.laos_provinces = {
	[&quot;Attapeu Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bokeo Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bolikhamxai Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Champasak Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Houaphanh Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khammouane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Namtha Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Prabang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oudomxay Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Phongsaly Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salavan Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Savannakhet Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Prefecture, Laos&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;prefecture&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Sainyabuli Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sekong Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xaisomboun Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xiangkhouang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
}

local function laos_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Vientiane Prefecture&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; Province$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; Province, Laos&quot;
end

-- provinces of Laos
export.laos_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Laos$&quot;, {&quot; Province$&quot;, &quot; Prefecture$&quot;}),
	placename_to_key = laos_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Laos&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;%e province&quot;,
	data = export.laos_provinces,
}

export.lebanon_governorates = {
	[&quot;Akkar Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beirut Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	-- These two are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of `gov/North Governorate` or
	-- `gov/South Governorate` with `c/Lebanon`.
	[&quot;North Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;South Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- governorates of Lebanon
export.lebanon_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Lebanon$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Lebanon&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.lebanon_governorates,
}

export.malaysia_states = {
	[&quot;Johor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kedah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kelantan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Malacca, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pahang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perlis, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sabah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sarawak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Selangor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Terengganu, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Malaysia
export.malaysia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.malaysia_states,
}

export.malta_regions = {
	-- Some of the regions are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of e.g.
	-- `r/Northern Region` with `c/Malta`. In particular;
	-- * &quot;Eastern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Iceland, Nigeria, Venezuela, North Macedonia and
	--   El Salvador;
	-- * &quot;Northern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria, Canada and South Africa;
	-- * &quot;Western Region&quot; also occurs at least in Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, South Africa, Ghana, Iceland, Nepal, Nigeria,
	--   Serbia and Uganda;
	-- * &quot;Southern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Nigeria, Eritrea, Iceland, ไอร์แลนด์, Malawi and Serbia.
	[&quot;Eastern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Gozo Region, Malta&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Port Region, Malta&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Western Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- regions of Malta
export.malta_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Malta$&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Malta&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Malta&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	default_the = true,
	data = export.malta_regions,
}

export.mexico_states = {
	[&quot;Aguascalientes, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	-- not display-canonicalizing because the &quot;Norte&quot; could be for emphasis
	[&quot;Baja California Norte, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Baja California Sur, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campeche, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chiapas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chihuahua, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Coahuila, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colima, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Durango, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guanajuato, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guerrero, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hidalgo, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jalisco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- [&quot;Mexico City, Mexico&quot;] = {}, doesn't belong here because it's a city
	[&quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michoacan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Morelos, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nayarit, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo Leon, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Oaxaca, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Puebla, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queretaro, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Quintana Roo, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Sinaloa, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sonora, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tabasco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tamaulipas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tlaxcala, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veracruz, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zacatecas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
}

-- Mexican states
export.mexico_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_states,
}

export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units = {
	[&quot;Anenii Noi District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Anenii Noi]]
	[&quot;Basarabeasca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Basarabeasca]]
	[&quot;Briceni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Briceni]]
	[&quot;Cahul District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cahul]]
	[&quot;Cantemir District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cantemir, Moldova|Cantemir]]
	[&quot;Călărași District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Călărași, Moldova|Călărași]]
	[&quot;Căușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Căușeni]]
	[&quot;Cimișlia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cimișlia]]
	[&quot;Criuleni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Criuleni]]
	[&quot;Dondușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dondușeni]]
	[&quot;Drochia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Drochia]]
	[&quot;Dubăsari District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cocieri]]
	[&quot;Edineț District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Edineț]]
	[&quot;Fălești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Fălești]]
	[&quot;Florești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Florești, Moldova|Florești]]
	[&quot;Glodeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Glodeni]]
	[&quot;Hîncești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hîncești]]
	[&quot;Ialoveni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ialoveni]]
	[&quot;Leova District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Leova]]
	[&quot;Nisporeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nisporeni]]
	[&quot;Ocnița District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ocnița]]
	[&quot;Orhei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Orhei]]
	[&quot;Rezina District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rezina]]
	[&quot;Rîșcani District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rîșcani]]
	[&quot;Sîngerei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sîngerei]]
	[&quot;Soroca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Soroca]]
	[&quot;Strășeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Strășeni]]
	[&quot;Șoldănești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Șoldănești]]
	[&quot;Ștefan Vodă District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ștefan Vodă]]
	[&quot;Taraclia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Taraclia]]
	[&quot;Telenești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Telenești]]
	[&quot;Ungheni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ungheni]]
	[&quot;Chișinău, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Bălți, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gagauzia, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Comrat]]
	-- the remainder are under the de-facto control of the unrecognized state of Transnistria
	[&quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Tighina, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;},
	[&quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Tiraspol]]
	[&quot;Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
}

local function moldova_placename_to_key(placename)
	local elliptical_key = placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	if export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units[elliptical_key] then
		return elliptical_key
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Moldova&quot;
end

-- Moldovan districts (raions) and autonomous territorial units
export.moldova_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Moldova$&quot;, &quot; District&quot;),
	placename_to_key = moldova_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Moldova&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;raion&quot;},
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units,
}

export.morocco_regions = {
	[&quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;L'Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra&quot;},
	[&quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra&quot;},
	[&quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Marrakesh–Safi&quot;}, -- WP title has en-dash
	[&quot;Marrakech-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Drâa-Tafilalet&quot;},
	[&quot;Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guelmim-Oued Noun, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies partly within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;
	},
	[&quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {
		wp = &quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra&quot;,
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies almost completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
}

-- regions of Morocco
export.morocco_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Morocco&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.morocco_regions,
}

export.egypt_governorates = {
	[&quot;Cairo Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giza Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sharqia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beheira Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minya Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sohag Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alexandria Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gharbia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asyut Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Monufia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faiyum Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qena Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Damietta Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aswan Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ismailia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luxor Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suez Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Port Said Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Matrouh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Red Sea Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Valley Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
}

-- governorates of Egypt
export.egypt_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Egypt$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Egypt&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.egypt_governorates,
}

export.netherlands_provinces = {
	[&quot;Drenthe, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Flevoland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friesland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gelderland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Groningen, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Limburg, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	-- Foreign forms get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Noord-Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Noord-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Overijssel, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zuid-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Utrecht, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Zeeland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of the Netherlands
export.netherlands_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.netherlands_provinces,
}

export.new_zealand_regions = {
	-- North Island regions
	[&quot;Northland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NTL, number 1, capital [[Whangārei]]
	[&quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-AUK, number 2, capital [[Auckland]]
	[&quot;Waikato, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WKO, number 3, capital [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]]
	[&quot;Bay of Plenty, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-BOP, number 4, capital [[Whakatāne]]
	[&quot;Gisborne, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-GIS, number 5, capital [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]]
	[&quot;Hawke's Bay, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-HKB, number 6, capital [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]]
	[&quot;Taranaki, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TKI, number 7, capital [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]]
	[&quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MWT, number 8, capital [[Palmerston North]]
	[&quot;Manawatu-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Wellington, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WGN, number 9, capital [[Wellington]]
	-- South Island regions
	[&quot;Tasman, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TAS, number 10, capital [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]]
	[&quot;Nelson, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, is_city = true}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NSN, number 11, capital [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]
	[&quot;Marlborough, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MBH, number 12, capital [[Blenheim, New Zealand|Blenheim]]
	[&quot;West Coast, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WTC, number 13, capital [[Greymouth]]
	[&quot;Canterbury, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-CAN, number 14, capital [[Christchurch]]
	[&quot;Otago, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-OTA, number 15, capital [[Dunedin]]
	[&quot;Southland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-STL, number 16, capital [[Invercargill]]
}

-- regions of New Zealand
export.new_zealand_group = {
	default_container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.new_zealand_regions,
}

export.nigeria_states = {
	[&quot;Abia State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Adamawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Anambra State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bauchi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bayelsa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benue State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Borno State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cross River State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Delta State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ebonyi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Edo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ekiti State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Enugu State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;] = {
		-- not a state but allow it to be referenced as one in holonyms
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, the = true, wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Gombe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Imo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jigawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaduna State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kano State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Katsina State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kebbi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kogi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kwara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lagos State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nasarawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Niger State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ogun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ondo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Osun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oyo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Plateau State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rivers State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sokoto State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taraba State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yobe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamfara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Nigeria
export.nigeria_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Nigeria$&quot;, &quot; State$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Nigeria&quot;, &quot; State&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_states,
}

export.north_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;Chagang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kangwon Province, North Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ryanggang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of North Korea
export.north_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, North Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, North Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;North Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.north_korea_provinces,
}

export.norwegian_counties = {
	[&quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rogaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Møre og Romsdal, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nordland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Østfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akershus, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Buskerud, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Innlandet
	-- [&quot;Hedmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Oppland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Innlandet, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Telemark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Agder
	-- [&quot;Aust-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Vest-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Vestland
	-- [&quot;Hordaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sogn og Fjordane, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Trøndelag, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Troms, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Finnmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Norway
export.norway_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.norwegian_counties,
}

export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Balochistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		divs = {}, -- no divisions
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	-- Islamabad is an accepted alias for Islamabad Capital Territory given the above placetypes
	[&quot;Islamabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Punjab, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Sindh, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and territories of Pakistan
export.pakistan_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Pakistan&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;divisions&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.philippines_provinces = {
	[&quot;Abra, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Agusan del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agusan del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aklan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Albay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Antique, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Apayao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aurora, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Basilan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bataan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batangas, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benguet, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Biliran, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bohol, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bukidnon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bulacan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cagayan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camiguin, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Capiz, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Catanduanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cavite, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cebu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao de Oro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dinagat Islands, Philippines&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Eastern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guimaras, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ifugao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iloilo, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Isabela, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Kalinga, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Union, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Laguna, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Lanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marinduque, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Masbate, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mountain Province, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Ecija, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occidental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Palawan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pampanga, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pangasinan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quezon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quirino, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rizal, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Romblon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sarangani, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Siquijor, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sorsogon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sultan Kudarat, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sulu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tarlac, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tawi-Tawi, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zambales, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	-- not a province but treated as one; allow it to be referred to as a province in holonyms
	[&quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
}

-- provinces of the Philippines
export.philippines_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Philippines&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;},
	data = export.philippines_provinces,
}

export.poland_voivodeships = {
	[&quot;Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr DS, code 02, capital Wrocław
	[&quot;Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr KP, code 04, capital Bydgoszcz (seat of voivode), Toruń (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lublin Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LU, code 06, capital Lublin
	[&quot;Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LB, code 08, capital Gorzów Wielkopolski (seat of voivode), Zielona Góra (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Łódź Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr LD, code 10, capital Łódź
	[&quot;Łódź Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MA, code 12, capital Kraków
	[&quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MZ, code 14, capital Warsaw
	[&quot;Opole Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr OP, code 16, capital Opole
	[&quot;Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PK, code 18, capital Rzeszów
	[&quot;Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PD, code 20, capital Białystok
	[&quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PM, code 22, capital Gdańsk
	[&quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr SL, code 24, capital Katowice
	[&quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr SK, code 26, capital Kielce
	[&quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WN, code 28, capital Olsztyn
	[&quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WP, code 30, capital Poznań
	[&quot;West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr ZP, code 32, capital Szczecin
}

-- voivodeships of Poland
export.poland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Poland$&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Poland&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Poland&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, -- not enough of them currently
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	},
	data = export.poland_voivodeships,
}

export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions = {
	[&quot;Azores, Portugal&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Aveiro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beja District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Braga District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bragança District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castelo Branco District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Coimbra District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Évora District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guarda District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leiria District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisboa District, Portugal&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Madeira, Portugal&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portalegre District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santarém District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Setúbal District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viana do Castelo District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vila Real District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viseu District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
}

local function portugal_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Azores&quot; or placename == &quot;Madeira&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Portugal&quot;
end

-- districts and autonomous regions of Portugal
export.portugal_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Portugal$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = portugal_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Portugal&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;district&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.romania_counties = {
	[&quot;Alba County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arad County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Argeș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bacău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bihor County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Botoșani County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brașov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brăila County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	-- Bucharest: not in a county
	[&quot;Buzău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Caraș-Severin County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cluj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Constanța County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Covasna County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Călărași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dolj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dâmbovița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galați County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giurgiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Harghita County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunedoara County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ialomița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilfov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maramureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mehedinți County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Neamț County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Olt County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Prahova County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satu Mare County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sibiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suceava County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sălaj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Teleorman County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Timiș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tulcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vaslui County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vrancea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vâlcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Romania
export.romania_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Romania$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Romania&quot;, &quot; County&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Romania&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.romania_counties,
}

local function make_russia_federal_subject_spec(spectype, use_the, wp)
	return {
		placetype = spectype,
		the = not not use_the,
		bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, spectype .. &quot;s&quot;},
		wp = wp,
	}
end

local russia_autonomous_okrug_no_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;}}
local russia_autonomous_okrug_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;},
	 the = true}
local russia_krai = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;krai&quot;)
local russia_oblast = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;)
local russia_republic_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, &quot;use the&quot;)
local russia_republic_no_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;)
export.russia_federal_subjects = {
	-- autonomous oblasts
	[&quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;},
		 bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;}},
	-- autonomous okrugs
	[&quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Chukotka, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khantia-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yugra, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Nenetsia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Yamalia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	-- krais
	[&quot;Altai Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Kamchatka Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Khabarovsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Primorsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Stavropol Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	-- oblasts
	[&quot;Amur Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Astrakhan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Belgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Bryansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Irkutsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ivanovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaluga Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kemerovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kirov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kostroma Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kurgan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kursk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Leningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Lipetsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Magadan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Moscow Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Murmansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Omsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Orenburg Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Oryol Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Penza Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Pskov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Rostov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ryazan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sakhalin Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Samara Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Saratov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Smolensk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tambov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tomsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tula Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tver Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tyumen Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vladimir Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Volgograd Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vologda Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Voronezh Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	-- republics
	--
	-- We only need to include cases that aren't just shortened versions of the full federal subject name (i.e. where
	-- words like &quot;Republic&quot; and &quot;Oblast&quot; are omitted but the name is not otherwise modified; these are handled by
	-- key_to_placename). Non-display-canonicalizing aliases are generally due to differences in the presence or absence
	-- of &quot;the&quot;.
	[&quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Adygea, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkiria, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Karelia&quot;),
	[&quot;Republic of Karelia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;North Ossetia–Alania&quot;), -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Altai Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	[&quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chechen Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chuvash Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkariya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;,
		display = &quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Komi, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Komi Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Komi Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Komi, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Mari El Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Sakha Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yakutiya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;,
		the = true},
	[&quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Tyva, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Tyva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display= &quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Udmurt Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	-- Not included due to being unrecognized and only partly controlled:
	-- [&quot;Crimea, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Crimea (Russia)&quot;)
	-- [&quot;Donetsk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Luhansk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Zaporozhye Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast&quot;),
	-- [&quot;Kherson Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast&quot;),
	-- There are also federal cities (not included because they're cities):
	-- Moscow, Saint Petersburg; Sevastopol (unrecognized; same status as for &quot;Crimea, Russia&quot; above)
}

local function russia_key_to_placename(key)
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local full_placename = key
	if key == &quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast&quot; then
		return full_placename, full_placename
	end
	local elliptical_placename
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		elliptical_placename = key:match(&quot;^(.*) &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;$&quot;)
		if elliptical_placename then
			return full_placename, elliptical_placename
		end
	end
	return full_placename, full_placename
end

local function russia_placename_to_key(placename)
	local key = placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
	if export.russia_federal_subjects[key] then
		return key
	end
	-- We allow the user to say e.g. &quot;obl/Samara&quot; in place of &quot;obl/Samara Oblast&quot;.
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		local suffixed_key = placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
		if export.russia_federal_subjects[suffixed_key] then
			return suffixed_key
		end
	end
	return placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
end

local function construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc(group, key, spec)
	local placename = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local linked_placename = export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename)
	local placetype = spec.placetype
	if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
		placetype = placetype[1]
	end
	if placetype == &quot;oblast&quot; then
		-- Hack: Oblasts generally don't have entries under &quot;Foo Oblast&quot;
		-- but just under &quot;Foo&quot;, so fix the linked key appropriately;
		-- doesn't apply to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
		linked_placename = linked_placename:gsub(&quot; Oblast%]%]&quot;, &quot;%]%] Oblast&quot;)
	end
	return linked_placename .. &quot;, a [[federal subject]] ([[&quot; .. placetype .. &quot;]]) of [[Russia]]&quot;
end

-- federal subjects of Russia
export.russia_group = {
	key_to_placename = russia_key_to_placename,
	placename_to_key = russia_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_keydesc = construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;federal subjects of Russia&quot;, &quot;+++&quot;},
	data = export.russia_federal_subjects,
}

export.saudi_arabia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	-- Name is too generic to assume it's in Saudi Arabia if not specified.
	[&quot;Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Medina Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Asir&quot;},
	[&quot;Asir Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Qassim Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Ḥa'il Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ḥa'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Jawf Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Najran Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Borders Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Saudi Arabia
export.saudi_arabia_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Saudi Arabia$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_provinces,
}

export.south_africa_provinces = {
	[&quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Free State, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Limpopo, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mpumalanga, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	-- per Wikipedia and other sources, `North West` doesn't normally have `the` before it
	[&quot;North West, South Africa&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (South African province)&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- provinces of South Africa
export.south_africa_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Africa&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.south_africa_provinces,
}

export.south_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;North Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gangwon Province, South Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gyeonggi Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jeju Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of South Korea
export.south_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_provinces,
}

export.spain_autonomous_communities = {
	[&quot;Andalusia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aragon, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asturias, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Balearic Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Basque Country, Spain&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (autonomous community)&quot;},
	[&quot;Canary Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Cantabria, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castile and León, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castilla-La Mancha, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Castilla–La Mancha&quot;}, -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Catalonia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Community of Madrid, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Extremadura, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galicia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Spain)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Rioja, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Murcia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Region of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;Navarre, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Valencian Community&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencian Community, Spain&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;, the = true},
}

-- autonomous communities of Spain
export.spain_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Spain&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;comarcas&quot;},
	data = export.spain_autonomous_communities,
}

export.taiwan_counties = {
	[&quot;จางฮว่า, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เจียอี้, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซินจู๋, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮวาเหลียน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จินเหมิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะจินเหมิน&quot;},
	[&quot;เหลียนเจียง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะหมาจู่&quot;},
	[&quot;เหมียวลี่, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;หนานโถว, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เผิงหู, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;เผิงหู&quot;},
	[&quot;ผิงตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไถตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อี๋หลาน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;ยฺหวินหลิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Taiwan
export.taiwan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไต้หวัน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_counties,
}

export.thailand_provinces = { --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
    -- กรุงเทพมหานคร (Bangkok - special administrative area)
    [&quot;อำนาจเจริญ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อ่างทอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บึงกาฬ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บุรีรัมย์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ฉะเชิงเทรา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยนาท, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยภูมิ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;จันทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงใหม่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงราย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชลบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชุมพร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาฬสินธุ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กำแพงเพชร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาญจนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ขอนแก่น, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กระบี่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำปาง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำพูน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เลย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลพบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แม่ฮ่องสอน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มหาสารคาม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มุกดาหาร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครนายก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครปฐม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครพนม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครราชสีมา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครสวรรค์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครศรีธรรมราช, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;น่าน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นราธิวาส, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองบัวลำภู, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองคาย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นนทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปทุมธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปัตตานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พังงา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พัทลุง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พะเยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบูรณ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิจิตร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิษณุโลก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พระนครศรีอยุธยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แพร่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ภูเก็ต, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปราจีนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ประจวบคีรีขันธ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระนอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ราชบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระยอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ร้อยเอ็ด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระแก้ว, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สกลนคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรปราการ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสาคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสงคราม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สตูล, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สิงห์บุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ศรีสะเกษ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สงขลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุโขทัย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุพรรณบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุราษฎร์ธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุรินทร์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตาก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตรัง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตราด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุบลราชธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุดรธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุทัยธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุตรดิตถ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยะลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยโสธร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Thailand
export.thailand_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไทย$&quot;), --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไทย&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไทย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.thailand_provinces,
}

export.turkey_provinces = {
	[&quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 01
	[&quot;Adıyaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 02
	[&quot;Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 03
	[&quot;Ağrı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 04
	[&quot;Amasya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 05
	[&quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 06
	[&quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 07
	[&quot;Artvin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 08
	[&quot;Aydın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 09
	[&quot;Balıkesir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 10
	[&quot;Bilecik Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 11
	[&quot;Bingöl Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 12
	[&quot;Bitlis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 13
	[&quot;Bolu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 14
	[&quot;Burdur Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 15
	[&quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 16
	[&quot;Çanakkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 17
	[&quot;Çankırı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 18
	[&quot;Çorum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 19
	[&quot;Denizli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 20
	[&quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 21
	[&quot;Edirne Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 22
	[&quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 23
	[&quot;Elâzığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Erzincan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 24
	[&quot;Erzurum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 25
	[&quot;Eskişehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 26
	[&quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 27
	[&quot;Giresun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 28
	[&quot;Gümüşhane Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 29
	[&quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 30
	[&quot;Hakkari Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hatay Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 31
	[&quot;Isparta Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 32
	[&quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 33
	-- [&quot;Istanbul Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 34; this is coextensive with the city itself
	[&quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 35
	[&quot;Izmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kars Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 36
	[&quot;Kastamonu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 37
	[&quot;Kayseri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 38
	[&quot;Kırklareli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 39
	[&quot;Kırşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 40
	[&quot;Kocaeli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 41
	[&quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 42
	[&quot;Kütahya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 43
	[&quot;Malatya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 44
	[&quot;Manisa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 45
	[&quot;Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 46
	[&quot;Mardin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 47
	[&quot;Muğla Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 48
	[&quot;Muş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 49
	[&quot;Nevşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 50
	[&quot;Niğde Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 51
	[&quot;Ordu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 52
	[&quot;Rize Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 53
	[&quot;Sakarya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 54
	[&quot;Samsun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 55
	[&quot;Siirt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 56
	[&quot;Sinop Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 57
	[&quot;Sivas Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 58
	[&quot;Tekirdağ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 59
	[&quot;Tokat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 60
	[&quot;Trabzon Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 61
	[&quot;Tunceli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 62
	[&quot;Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 63
	[&quot;Uşak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 64
	[&quot;Van Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 65
	[&quot;Yozgat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 66
	[&quot;Zonguldak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 67
	[&quot;Aksaray Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 68
	[&quot;Bayburt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 69
	[&quot;Karaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 70
	[&quot;Kırıkkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 71
	[&quot;Batman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 72
	[&quot;Şırnak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 73
	[&quot;Bartın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 74
	[&quot;Ardahan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 75
	[&quot;Iğdır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 76
	[&quot;Yalova Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 77
	[&quot;Karabük Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 78
	[&quot;Kilis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 79
	[&quot;Osmaniye Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 80
	[&quot;Düzce Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 81
}

-- provinces of Turkey
export.turkey_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Turkey$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Turkey&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Turkey&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.turkey_provinces,
}

export.ukraine_oblasts = {
	[&quot;Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cherkasy]], license plate prefix CA, IA
	[&quot;Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernihiv]], license plate prefix CB, IB
	[&quot;Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernivtsi]], license plate prefix CE, IE
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Dnipro Oblast'
	[&quot;Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dnipro]], license plate prefix AE, KE
	[&quot;Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Donetsk]] ([[Kramatorsk]])'', license plate prefix AH, KH
	[&quot;Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], license plate prefix AT, KT
	[&quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kharkiv]], license plate prefix AX, KX
	[&quot;Kherson Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Kherson]]'', license plate prefix ''BT, HT''
	[&quot;Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Khmelnytskyi]], license plate prefix BX, HX
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Kropyvnytskyi Oblast'
	[&quot;Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kropyvnytskyi]], license plate prefix BA, HA
	[&quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kyiv]], license plate prefix AI, KI
	[&quot;Kiev Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Luhansk]] ([[Sievierodonetsk]])'', license plate prefix BB, HB
	[&quot;Lviv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lviv]], license plate prefix BC, HC
	[&quot;Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mykolaiv]], license plate prefix BE, HE
	[&quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Odesa]], license plate prefix BH, HH
	[&quot;Odessa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poltava Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Poltava]], license plate prefix BI, HI
	[&quot;Rivne Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rivne]], license plate prefix BK, HK
	[&quot;Sumy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sumy]], license plate prefix BM, HM
	[&quot;Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ternopil]], license plate prefix BO, HO
	[&quot;Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinnytsia]], license plate prefix AB, KB
	[&quot;Volyn Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lutsk]], license plate prefix AC, KC
	[&quot;Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Uzhhorod]], license plate prefix AO, KO
	[&quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Zaporizhzhia]]'', license plate prefix AP, KP
	[&quot;Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Zhytomyr]], license plate prefix AM, KM
}

-- oblasts of Ukraine
export.ukraine_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Ukraine$&quot;, &quot; Oblast$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Ukraine&quot;, &quot; Oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;},
	data = export.ukraine_oblasts,
}

export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries = {
	[&quot;England&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Northern Ireland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Scotland&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;council areas&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;districts&quot;,
	}},
	[&quot;Wales&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;county boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;Welsh communities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false}}},
	}},
}

-- constituent countries and provinces of the United Kingdom
export.united_kingdom_group = {
	placename_to_key = false,
	default_container = &quot;United Kingdom&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		&quot;traditional counties&quot;,
		{type = &quot;historical counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;traditional counties&quot;},
	},
	-- Don't create categories like 'Category:en:Towns in the United Kingdom'
	-- or 'Category:en:Places in the United Kingdom'.
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	data = export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries,
}

export.england_counties = {
	-- NOTE: We used to have various other &quot;no longer&quot; counties commented out, which seems to refer to counties that
	-- existed officially at some point between 1889 and 1974, which I have removed. I have only kept the three
	-- ceremonial counties that existed from 1974 (when ceremonial counties were created) to 1996, as well as those
	-- still considered &quot;historic counties&quot; per [[w:Historic counties of England]].
	-- [&quot;Avon, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Bedfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Berkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Brighton and Hove, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	-- [&quot;Bristol, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	[&quot;Buckinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cambridgeshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cheshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cleveland, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Cornwall, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cumberland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Cumbria, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Derbyshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Devon, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dorset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Durham, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Essex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gloucestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater London, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater Manchester, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Herefordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hertfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Humberside, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	-- [&quot;Huntingdonshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Isle of Wight, England&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Kent, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lancashire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leicestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lincolnshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Merseyside, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Middlesex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Norfolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northamptonshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northumberland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nottinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oxfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rutland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shropshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Somerset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Humberside, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staffordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suffolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surrey, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sussex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Tyne and Wear, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Warwickshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Midlands, England&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Westmorland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;West Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wiltshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Worcestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;East Riding of Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- counties of England
export.england_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		&quot;civil parishes&quot;,
	},
	data = export.england_counties,
}

export.northern_ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Antrim, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Armagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Belfast, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Belfast&quot;},
	[&quot;County Down, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Londonderry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Derry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Derry&quot;},
	[&quot;County Tyrone, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Northern Ireland
export.northern_ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, Northern Ireland$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;),
	default_container = {key = &quot;Northern Ireland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.northern_ireland_counties,
}

export.scotland_council_areas = {
	[&quot;Aberdeenshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Angus, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Argyll and Bute, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Aberdeen&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Dundee&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Glasgow&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Clackmannanshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Falkirk, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Fife, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Inverclyde, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Midlothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Moray, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Orkney Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Perth and Kinross, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Scottish Borders, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Shetland Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;South Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Stirling, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;West Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Outer Hebrides&quot;},
	[&quot;Na h-Eileanan Siar, Scotland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;},
}

-- council areas of Scotland
export.scotland_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;council area&quot;,
	data = export.scotland_council_areas,
}

export.wales_principal_areas = {
	[&quot;Blaenau Gwent, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bridgend, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Caerphilly, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Cardiff, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Carmarthenshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Ceredigion, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Conwy, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Denbighshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Flintshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gwynedd, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Merthyr Tydfil, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Monmouthshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Neath Port Talbot, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Newport, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Pembrokeshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Powys, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Swansea, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Torfaen, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vale of Glamorgan, Wales&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Wrexham, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
}

-- principal areas (cities, counties and county boroughs) of Wales
export.wales_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	data = export.wales_principal_areas,
}

export.united_states_states = {
	[&quot;Alabama, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alaska, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;borough seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Arizona, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arkansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;California, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colorado, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Connecticut, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Delaware, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Florida, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Georgia, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (U.S. state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hawaii, USA&quot;] = {addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;}},
	[&quot;Idaho, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Illinois, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Indiana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iowa, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kentucky, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Louisiana, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Maine, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maryland, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Massachusetts, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michigan, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minnesota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mississippi, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Missouri, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Montana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nebraska, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nevada, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Hampshire, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Jersey, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;New Mexico, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New York, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ohio, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oklahoma, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oregon, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pennsylvania, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Rhode Island, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tennessee, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Texas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Utah, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vermont, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Washington, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wisconsin, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wyoming, USA&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of the United States
export.united_states_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, USA&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;United States&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	data = export.united_states_states,
}

export.vietnam_provinces = {
	-- [[Northeast (Vietnam)|Northeast]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Giang]]
	[&quot;Bắc Kạn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Kạn]]
	[&quot;Cao Bằng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Bằng]]
	[&quot;Hà Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Giang]]
	[&quot;Lạng Sơn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lạng Sơn]]
	[&quot;Phú Thọ, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Việt Trì]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hạ Long]]
	[&quot;Thái Nguyên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Nguyên]]
	[&quot;Tuyên Quang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuyên Quang]]

	-- [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]] region
	[&quot;Lào Cai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lào Cai]]
	[&quot;Yên Bái, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Yên Bái]]
	[&quot;Điện Biên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Điện Biên Phủ]]
	[&quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hoà Bình City|Hoà Bình]]
	[&quot;Hòa Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lai Châu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lai Châu]]
	[&quot;Sơn La, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sơn La]]

	-- [[Red River Delta]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Ninh]]
	[&quot;Hà Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phủ Lý]]
	[&quot;Hải Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hải Dương]]
	[&quot;Hưng Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hưng Yên]]
	[&quot;Nam Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nam Định]]
	[&quot;Ninh Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ninh Bình|Hoa Lư]]
	[&quot;Thái Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Bình]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Phúc, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Yên]]
	-- [&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hoàn Kiếm district]]
	-- [&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hồng Bàng district]]

	-- [[North Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Hà Tĩnh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Tĩnh]]
	[&quot;Nghệ An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinh]]
	[&quot;Quảng Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Hới]]
	[&quot;Quảng Trị, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đông Hà]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thanh Hoá]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hóa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	-- [&quot;Hue&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- capital [[Thuận Hoá district]]

	-- [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]] region
	[&quot;Đắk Lắk, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Buôn Ma Thuột]]
	[&quot;Đăk Nông, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Gia Nghĩa]]
	[&quot;Gia Lai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Pleiku]]
	[&quot;Kon Tum, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kon Tum]]
	[&quot;Lâm Đồng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đà Lạt]]

	-- [[South Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Bình Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quy Nhon]]
	[&quot;Bình Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Thiết]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nha Trang]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hòa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ninh Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm]]
	[&quot;Phú Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuy Hoà]]
	[&quot;Quảng Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tam Kỳ]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ngãi, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quảng Ngãi]]
	-- [&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hải Châu district]]

	-- [[Southeast (Vietnam)|Southeast]] region
	[&quot;Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bà Rịa]]
	[&quot;Bình Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thủ Dầu Một]]
	[&quot;Bình Phước, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Xoài]]
	[&quot;Đồng Nai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Biên Hoà]]
	[&quot;Tây Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tây Ninh]]
	-- [&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[District 1, Ho Chi Minh City|'''District 1''']]

	-- [[Mekong Delta]] region
	[&quot;An Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Long Xuyên]]
	[&quot;Bạc Liêu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bạc Liêu]]
	[&quot;Bến Tre, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bến Tre]]
	[&quot;Cà Mau, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cà Mau]]
	[&quot;Đồng Tháp, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Lãnh City|Cao Lãnh]]
	[&quot;Hậu Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vị Thanh]]
	[&quot;Kiên Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rạch Giá]]
	[&quot;Long An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tân An]]
	[&quot;Sóc Trăng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sóc Trăng]]
	[&quot;Tiền Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mỹ Tho]]
	[&quot;Trà Vinh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Trà Vinh]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Long, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Long]]
	-- [&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
}

-- provinces of Vietnam
export.vietnam_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, เวียดนาม$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_provinces,
}


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                      City data                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_cities = {
	[&quot;Adelaide&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Australia&quot;}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brisbane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Queensland&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Conglomeration; including the Gold Coast [750,997 2024 estiamte])
	[&quot;Canberra&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}}, -- 510,641 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Melbourne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Victoria&quot;}, -- 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 534,033 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;},
	[&quot;Perth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Western Australia&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Sydney&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;}, -- 5,100,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.australia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.australia_cities,
}

export.brazil_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;São Paulo&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 22,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Guarulhos)
	[&quot;Sao Paulo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;}, -- 13,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Belo Horizonte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minas Gerais&quot;}, -- 5,300,000
	[&quot;Recife&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pernambuco&quot;}, -- 4,100,000
	[&quot;Porto Alegre&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Sul&quot;}, -- 3,950,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Brasília&quot;] = {container = &quot;Distrito Federal&quot;}, -- 3,850,000
	[&quot;Brasilia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Brasília&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fortaleza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ceará&quot;}, -- 3,825,000
	[&quot;Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bahia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;}, -- 3,400,000
	[&quot;Curitiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 3,375,000
	[&quot;Campinas&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 3,250,000
	[&quot;Goiânia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Goiás&quot;}, -- 2,525,000
	[&quot;Goiania&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Goiânia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manaus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Amazonas&quot;}, -- 2,275,000
	[&quot;Belém&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pará&quot;}, -- 2,200,000
	[&quot;Belem&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Belém&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Vitória&quot;] = {container = &quot;Espírito Santo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000
	[&quot;Vitoria&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vitória&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,760,000
	[&quot;São Luís&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maranhão&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,530,000
	[&quot;Sao Luis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Luís&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Natal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Norte&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Florianópolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Santa Catarina&quot;}, -- 1,260,000
	[&quot;Florianopolis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Florianópolis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maceió&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alagoas&quot;}, -- 1,220,000
	[&quot;Maceio&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Maceió&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;João Pessoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraíba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,210,000
	[&quot;Joao Pessoa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;João Pessoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São José dos Campos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Sao Jose dos Campos&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São José dos Campos&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Londrina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 1,050,000
	[&quot;Teresina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piauí&quot;}, -- 1,040,000
}

export.brazil_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, บราซิล&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_cities,
}

export.canada_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Toronto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 7,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Hamilton)
	[&quot;Montreal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 4,500,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Vancouver&quot;] = {container = &quot;British Columbia&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Calgary&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Edmonton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,460,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Ottawa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quebec City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 839,311 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Winnipeg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Manitoba&quot;}, -- 834,678 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Hamilton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 785,184 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Kitchener&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 575,847 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
}

export.canada_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.canada_cities,
}

export.france_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Paris&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 11,500,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 2,050,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyons&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lyon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Marseille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Marseilles&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marseille&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Bordeaux&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Toulouse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Nice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;},
	[&quot;Nantes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;},
	[&quot;Strasbourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;},
	[&quot;Rennes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;},
}

export.france_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.france_cities,
}

export.germany_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	-- listed under Rhein-Ruhr Area, total population 10,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cologne&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Köln&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cologne&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Dusseldorf&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Düsseldorf&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dortmund&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Essen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Duisberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {}, -- 4,700,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hesse&quot;}, -- 3,225,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt am Main&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Frankfurt&quot;}, -- not a display alias as it's longer
	[&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {}, -- 2,900,000
	[&quot;Munich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Stuttgart&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Mannheim&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 1,550,000
	[&quot;Nuremberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 1,120,000
	[&quot;Hanover&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Bielefeld&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Leipzig&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Aachen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,000,000
	[&quot;Aix-la-Chapelle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aachen&quot;}, -- historical; not a display alias
	[&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {},
}

export.germany_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เยอรมนี&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.germany_cities,
}

export.india_cities = {
	-- This lists the 65 metro areas per Demographia's 2023 estimates, as found in
	-- [[w:List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India]]. The last census in India (as of April 2025) was
	-- conducted in 2011, and the results are not accurate any more.
	[&quot;Delhi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 31,190,000
	[&quot;Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 25,189,000
	[&quot;Kolkata&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 21,747,000
	[&quot;Bangalore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Bengaluru&quot;}, -- 15,257,000
	[&quot;Bengaluru&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bangalore&quot;},
	[&quot;Chennai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 11,570,000
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Telangana&quot;}, -- 9,797,000
	[&quot;Ahmedabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 8,006,000
	[&quot;Pune&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 6,819,000
	[&quot;Surat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 6,601,000
	[&quot;Lucknow&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,661,000
	[&quot;Jaipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 4,360,000
	[&quot;Kanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,350,000
	[&quot;Indore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,765,000
	[&quot;Nagpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 3,493,000
	[&quot;Patna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bihar&quot;}, -- 3,331,000
	[&quot;Varanasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,229,000
	[&quot;Kozhikode&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 3,049,000
	[&quot;Thiruvananthapuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,851,000
	[&quot;Agra&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,737,000
	[&quot;Bhopal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,562,000
	[&quot;Coimbatore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,551,000
	[&quot;Allahabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;, wp = &quot;Prayagraj&quot;}, -- 2,438,000
	[&quot;Prayagraj&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Allahabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Kochi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,381,000
	[&quot;Ludhiana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,205,000
	[&quot;Vadodara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 2,182,000
	[&quot;Chandigarh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 2,168,000
	[&quot;Madurai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,048,000
	[&quot;Meerut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,011,000
	[&quot;Visakhapatnam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,005,000
	[&quot;Jamshedpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,925,000
	[&quot;Malappuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,868,000
	[&quot;Nashik&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,810,000
	[&quot;Asansol&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,720,000
	[&quot;Aligarh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,660,000
	[&quot;Ranchi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,638,000
	[&quot;Thrissur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,578,000
	[&quot;Kollam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,576,000
	[&quot;Jabalpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,533,000
	[&quot;Dhanbad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,503,000
	[&quot;Jodhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,497,000
	[&quot;Aurangabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,490,000
	[&quot;Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aurangabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 1,487,000
	[&quot;Gwalior&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,477,000
	[&quot;Raipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,429,000
	[&quot;Gorakhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,410,000
	[&quot;Kannur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Bareilly&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Guwahati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Assam&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Moradabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,345,000
	[&quot;Amritsar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,313,000
	[&quot;Mysore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;}, -- 1,296,000
	[&quot;Bhilai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,293,000
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Vijayawada&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,232,000
	[&quot;Srinagar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,212,000
	[&quot;Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,189,000
	[&quot;Kota&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,172,000
	[&quot;Jalandhar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,165,000
	[&quot;Saharanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,152,000
	[&quot;Dehradun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttarakhand&quot;}, -- 1,136,000
	[&quot;Tiruchirappalli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 1,131,000
	[&quot;Bhubaneswar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Odisha&quot;}, -- 1,112,000
	[&quot;Jammu&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,103,000
	[&quot;Solapur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,082,000
	[&quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Hubli–Dharwad&quot;}, -- 1,062,000; wp with en dash
	[&quot;Hubli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Dharwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Puducherry&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,024,000
	[&quot;Pondicherry&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry&quot;, display = true},
	-- satellite/secondary cities of metro area (none in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Ghaziabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,729,000 city, 2,358,525 urban agglomeration per 2011 census; 3,406,061 2025 estimate from official website; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Faridabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Haryana&quot;}, -- 1,414,050 city per 2011 census; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Thane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,841,488 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,246,381 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kalyan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,221,233 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Vasai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Virar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Navi Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,120,547 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Howrah&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,077,075 city (&quot;metropolis&quot;), 2,811,344 &quot;metro&quot; per 2011 census; part of Kolkata metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,727,692 per 2011 census; part of Pune metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri Chinchwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;, display = true},
}

export.india_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินเดีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.india_cities,
}

export.indonesia_cities = {
	-- cities where the city proper has more than 1,000,000 people as of mid-2023 estimate
	[&quot;Jakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;subdistricts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Surabaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Bekasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Bandung&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Medan&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Depok&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Palembang&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Semarang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Makassar&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sulawesi&quot;},
	[&quot;South Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Batam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;Bogor&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Pekanbaru&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau&quot;},
	[&quot;Bandar Lampung&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lampung&quot;},
	-- other metro areas over 1,000,000 people
	[&quot;Padang&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Samarinda&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Malang&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Denpasar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bali&quot;},
	[&quot;Cirebon&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Surakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Banjarmasin&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Tasikmalaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
}

export.indonesia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.indonesia_cities,
}

export.italy_cities = {
	-- Data per [[w:List_of_metropolitan_areas_of_Italy]]. There are several lists given; the most recent one, used
	-- here, only gives estimates as of Jan 1, 2014.
	[&quot;Milan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 6,623,798
	[&quot;Naples&quot;] = {container = &quot;Campania&quot;}, -- 5,294,546
	[&quot;Rome&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lazio&quot;}, -- 4,447,881
	[&quot;Turin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piedmont&quot;}, -- 1,865,284
	[&quot;Venice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Veneto&quot;}, -- 1,645,900
	[&quot;Florence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tuscany&quot;}, -- 1,485,030
	[&quot;Bari&quot;] = {container = &quot;Apulia&quot;}, -- 1,257,459
	[&quot;Palermo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 1,183,084
	-- include a few just below 1,000,000 metro area that may be above it by now (depending on the definition).
	[&quot;Catania&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 988,240
	[&quot;Brescia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 924,090
	[&quot;Genoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liguria&quot;}, -- 861,318
}

export.italy_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Italy&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.italy_cities,
}

export.japan_cities = {
	-- Population figures from [[w:List of cities in Japan]]. Metro areas from
	-- [[w:List of metropolitan areas in Japan]].
	[&quot;Tokyo&quot;] = {keydesc = &quot;[[Tokyo]] Metropolis, the [[capital city]] and a [[prefecture]] of [[Japan]] (which is a country in [[Asia]])&quot;,
		placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;},
		divs = {
			{type = &quot;special wards&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
			{type = &quot;cities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		},
	},
	[&quot;Yokohama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 3,697,894
	[&quot;Osaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 2,668,586
	[&quot;Nagoya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aichi&quot;}, -- 2,283,289
	-- FIXME, Hokkaido is handled specially.
	[&quot;Sapporo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hokkaido&quot;}, -- 1,918,096
	[&quot;Fukuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 1,581,527
	[&quot;Kobe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hyōgo&quot;}, -- 1,530,847
	[&quot;Kyoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyoto&quot;}, -- 1,474,570
	[&quot;Kawasaki&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 1,373,630
	[&quot;Saitama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saitama&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,192,418
	[&quot;Hiroshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hiroshima&quot;}, -- 1,163,806
	[&quot;Sendai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Miyagi&quot;}, -- 1,029,552
	-- the remaining cities are considered &quot;central cities&quot; in a 1,000,000+ metro area
	-- (sometimes there is more than one central city in the area).
	[&quot;Kitakyushu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 986,998
	[&quot;Chiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chiba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 938,695
	[&quot;Sakai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 835,333
	[&quot;Niigata&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niigata&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 813,053
	[&quot;Hamamatsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;}, -- 811,431
	[&quot;Shizuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 710,944
	[&quot;Sagamihara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 706,342
	[&quot;Okayama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Okayama&quot;}, -- 701,293
	[&quot;Kumamoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kumamoto&quot;}, -- 670,348
	[&quot;Kagoshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kagoshima&quot;}, -- 605,196
	-- skipped 6 cities (Funabashi, Hachiōji, Kawaguchi, Himeji, Matsuyama, Higashiōsaka)
	-- with population in the range 509k - 587k because not central cities in any
	-- 1,000,000+ metro area.
	[&quot;Utsunomiya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tochigi&quot;}, -- 507,833
}

export.japan_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.japan_cities,
}

export.mexico_cities = {
	[&quot;Mexico City&quot;] = {}, -- its own state
	[&quot;Monterrey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nuevo León&quot;},
	[&quot;Guadalajara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jalisco&quot;},
	[&quot;Puebla&quot;] = {container = &quot;Puebla&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Toluca&quot;] = {container = &quot;State of Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tijuana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
	-- Include the state in the category for León due to possible confusion with León, Spain.
	[&quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guanajuato&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;León&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;},
	[&quot;Leon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Querétaro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Queretaro&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chihuahua&quot;},
	[&quot;Juárez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Juarez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;, display = &quot;Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreón&quot;] = {container = &quot;Coahuila&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Torreón&quot;, display = true},
	-- Include the state in the category for Mérida due to possible confusion with Mérida, Spain or
	-- Mérida, Venezuela.
	[&quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yucatán&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mérida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;},
	[&quot;Merida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;] = {container = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aguascalientes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aguascalientes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Mexicali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
}

export.mexico_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Mexico&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_cities,
}

export.nigeria_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Lagos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lagos&quot;}, -- 21,300,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kano&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kano&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 5,350,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ibadan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oyo&quot;}, -- 3,400,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Abuja&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 3,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Port Harcourt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rivers&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kaduna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Benin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Edo&quot;}, -- 1,790,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Abia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Nigeria&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Onitsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anambra&quot;}, -- 1,230,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Maiduguri&quot;] = {container = &quot;Borno&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ilorin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kwara&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sokoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sokoto&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Jos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Plateau&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Zaria&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Enugu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Enugu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
}

export.nigeria_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; State, Nigeria&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_cities,
}

export.pakistan_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Karachi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;}, -- 21,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Lahore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 14,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Rawalpindi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Islamabad)
	[&quot;Islamabad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Rawalpindi)
	[&quot;Faisalabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 4,125,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gujranwala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	-- there is also Hyderabad in India (very confusing)
	[&quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Multan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,425,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Peshawar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quetta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Balochistan&quot;}, -- 1,720,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sargodha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sialkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.pakistan_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Pakistan&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_cities,
}

export.philippines_cities = {
	 -- Skipped some cities in Metro Manila (Taguig, Pasig) which don't have districts.
	 -- Other cities outside Metro Manila skipped as not central city in their urban area.
	[&quot;Quezon City&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Foo to Foo City as it may make the display weird.
	[&quot;Quezon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Quezon City&quot;},
	[&quot;Manila&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Davao City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Davao del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Davao&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Davao City&quot;},
	[&quot;Caloocan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zamboanga City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zamboanga del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Zamboanga&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zamboanga City&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cebu&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cebu City&quot;},
	[&quot;Antipolo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rizal&quot;},
	[&quot;Cagayan de Oro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Misamis Oriental&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmariñas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cavite&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmarinas&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dasmariñas&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;General Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Cotabato&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose del Monte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bulacan&quot;},
	[&quot;Bacolod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Negros Occidental&quot;},
	[&quot;Calamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Laguna&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pampanga&quot;, wp = &quot;Angeles City&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Angeles&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Iloilo&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Iloilo City&quot;},
}

export.philippines_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Philippines&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.philippines_cities,
}

export.russia_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Moscow&quot;] = {}, --  18,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saint Petersburg&quot;] = {}, -- 6,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Novosibirsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Novosibirsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,820,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Yekaterinburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kazan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rostov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-na-Donu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Krasnodar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Samara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Samara Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ufa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,230,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saratov&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saratov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Omsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Omsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Voronezh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Voronezh Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Volgograd&quot;] = {container = &quot;Volgograd Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Perm&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Russia&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.russia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Russia&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.russia_cities,
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities = {
	-- Figures for the first five from [[w:List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia]] as of 2022. Unclear if these are
	-- metro, urban or city proper figures.
	[&quot;Riyadh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riyadh&quot;}, -- 7,000,100; 7,700,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jeddah&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 3,751,917; 3,950,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jedda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jiddah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jidda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dammam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 2,638,166; 2,925,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mecca&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 2,385,509; 2,675,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Makkah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecca&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Medina&quot;}, -- 1,477,023; 1,530,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (City)
	[&quot;Hofuf&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aseer&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushayt&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;, display = true},
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_cities,
}

export.south_korea_cities = {
	-- All cities listed are not associated with any county.
	[&quot;Seoul&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Busan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Incheon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daegu&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daejeon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gwangju&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ulsan&quot;] = {},
}

export.south_korea_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; County, South Korea&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_cities,
}

export.spain_cities = {
	[&quot;Madrid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Community of Madrid&quot;},
	[&quot;Barcelona&quot;] = {container = &quot;Catalonia&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Valencia&quot;},
	[&quot;Seville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andalusia&quot;},
	[&quot;Bilbao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Basque Country&quot;},
}

export.spain_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Spain&quot;, &quot;autonomous community&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.spain_cities,
}

export.taiwan_cities = {
	[&quot;New Taipei City&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Taipei&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New Taipei City&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Taichung&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaohsiung&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, ไต้หวัน&quot;},
	[&quot;Taipei&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taoyuan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tainan&quot;] = {},
	-- these last three are not special municipalities
	[&quot;Chiayi&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Hsinchu&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Keelung&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
}

export.taiwan_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot; to make the key
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_cities,
}

-- NOTE: It's OK to mix cities from different constituent countries; as long as the immediate container is correct,
-- everything else will be figured out.
export.united_kingdom_cities = {
	[&quot;London&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater London&quot;},
	[&quot;Manchester&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater Manchester&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Midlands&quot;},
	[&quot;Liverpool&quot;] = {container = &quot;Merseyside&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	[&quot;Leeds&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Yorkshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tyne and Wear&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;},
	[&quot;Bristol&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Cardiff&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portsmouth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hampshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	-- under 1,000,000 people but principal areas of Wales; requested by [[User:Donnanz]]
	[&quot;Swansea&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Newport&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}, wp = &quot;Newport, Wales&quot;},
}

export.united_kingdom_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, England&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.united_kingdom_cities,
}

export.united_states_cities = {
	-- top 50 CSA's by population, with the top and sometimes 2nd or 3rd city listed
	[&quot;New York City&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. in the context New York, New York).
	[&quot;New York&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New York City&quot;},
	[&quot;Newark&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Jersey&quot;},
	[&quot;Los Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Long Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Riverside&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Chicago&quot;] = {container = &quot;Illinois&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington D.C.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. if the holonym is followed by a District of
	-- Columbia holonym).
	[&quot;Washington&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;},
	[&quot;Baltimore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maryland&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose in Costa Rica
	[&quot;San Jose, California&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Jose, California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Francisco&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Oakland&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Boston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Massachusetts&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Providence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rhode Island&quot;},
	[&quot;Dallas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Fort Worth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Philadelphia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Houston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Miami&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Atlanta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Detroit&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Phoenix&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mesa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Seattle&quot;] = {container = &quot;Washington&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Orlando&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;Minneapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minnesota&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cleveland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Denver&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;San Diego&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Portland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oregon&quot;},
	[&quot;Tampa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;St. Louis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Saint Louis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;St. Louis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Charlotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Sacramento&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Pittsburgh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Salt Lake City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Utah&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;San Antonio&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Columbus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;},
	[&quot;Kansas City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l metropolitan area&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Indianapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Indiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Las Vegas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nevada&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cincinnati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Austin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Milwaukee&quot;] = {container = &quot;Wisconsin&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Raleigh&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Nashville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Virginia Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Norfolk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Greensboro&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Winston-Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Jacksonville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;New Orleans&quot;] = {container = &quot;Louisiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Louisville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kentucky&quot;},
	[&quot;Greenville&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Hartford&quot;] = {container = &quot;Connecticut&quot;},
	[&quot;Oklahoma City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Grand Rapids&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;},
	[&quot;Memphis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Fresno&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Richmond&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Harrisburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
	-- any major city of top 50 MSA's that's missed by previous
	[&quot;Buffalo&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;},
	-- any of the top 50 city by city population that's missed by previous
	[&quot;El Paso&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Albuquerque&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucson&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Colorado Springs&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;},
	[&quot;Omaha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nebraska&quot;},
	[&quot;Tulsa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;},
	-- skip Arlington, Texas; too obscure and likely to be interpreted as Arlington, Virginia
}

export.united_states_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;United States&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, USA&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.united_states_cities,
}

export.new_york_boroughs = {
	[&quot;Bronx&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;The Bronx&quot;},
	[&quot;Brooklyn&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Manhattan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queens&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staten Island&quot;] = {},
}

export.new_york_boroughs_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;New York City&quot;, placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;borough&quot;,
	default_is_city = true,
	data = export.new_york_boroughs,
}

export.vietnam_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {}, -- 14,300,000 (Agglomeration; inclunding Bien Hoa)
	[&quot;Saigon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;},
	[&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {}, -- 7,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {}, -- 1,500,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Danang&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Da Nang&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Hai Phong&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Haiphong&quot;, display = true},
	-- This is the one entry in this list that is not a province-level municipality; instead it's a &quot;provincial city&quot;
	-- meaning it is directly under its province as opposed to being contained in a district.
	[&quot;Bien Hoa&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, container = &quot;Đồng Nai&quot;, wp = &quot;Biên Hòa&quot;}, -- 1,272,235 (2022 city population per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Biên Hòa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Biên Hoà&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	-- These two not in citypopulation.de because the urban population may be slightly under 1,000,000, but they are
	-- both province-level municipalities and close to the 1,000,000 mark.
	[&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- 1,456,000 municipality (2019 census), 994,704 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
	[&quot;Cần Thơ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Can Tho&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hue&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- 1,257,000 municipality (2019 census), 840,000 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); -- capital [[Thuận Hóa district]]
	[&quot;Huế&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hue&quot;, display = true},
}

export.vietnam_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Most of the cities listed are province-level municipalities in addition, which contain a certain amount of
	-- rural territory surrounding the city, but not enough to separate the municipality from the city as distinct
	-- known locations.
	default_placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_cities,
}

export.misc_cities = {
	------------------ Africa -------------------
	-- Sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated; combined with data from
	-- [[w:List of urban areas in Africa by population]].
	[&quot;Algiers&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 4,325,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Oran&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,640,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Luanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 9,650,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Benguela&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cotonou&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบนิน&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ouagadougou&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bobo-Dioulasso&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bujumbura&quot;] = {container = &quot;บุรุนดี&quot;}, -- 1,143,202 (Urban Area 2023 per PopulationStat, cited in Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Yaoundé&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (City)
	[&quot;Yaounde&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yaoundé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Douala&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangui&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;}, -- 1,680,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;N'Djamena&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชาด&quot;}, -- 1,950,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ndjamena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;N'Djamena&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kinshasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 16,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Lubumbashi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Mbuji-Mayi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,500,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kananga&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kisangani&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Bukavu&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Goma&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Tshikapa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,020,468 (2023 Wikipedia [[w:List of cities with over one million inhabitants]] from populationstat.com; not in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Cairo&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 22,800,000 (Agglomeration, including Giza and Subhra El Kheima)
	[&quot;Alexandria&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 6,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Giza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 4,458,135 (2023 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Shubra El Kheima&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 1,240,239 (2021 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Asmara&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;}, -- 1,090,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Asmera&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Asmara&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Addis Ababa&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;}, -- 4,825,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Banjul&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gambia&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Accra&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 6,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kumasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 2,900,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Conakry&quot;] = {container = &quot;กินี&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Abidjan&quot;] = {container = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;}, -- 7,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nairobi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 6,900,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Mombasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City)
	[&quot;Monrovia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liberia&quot;}, -- 1,940,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tripoli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Libya&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Antananarivo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madagascar&quot;}, -- 3,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lilongwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malawi&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bamako&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mali&quot;}, -- 5,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nouakchott&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mauritania&quot;}, -- 1,500,000 (City)
	[&quot;Casablanca&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 4,450,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rabat&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 2,125,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tangier&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,410,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tanger&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tangiers&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Morocco&quot;}, -- 1,310,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Fes&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fès&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Agadir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakesh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,140,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakech&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maputo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mozambique&quot;}, -- 2,575,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Niamey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niger&quot;}, -- 1,530,000 (City)
	[&quot;Brazzaville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Pointe-Noire&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kigali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rwanda&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Dakar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 4,225,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Touba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Freetown&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sierra Leone&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mogadishu&quot;] = {container = &quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Johannesburg&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 14,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Pretoria, Soweto, etc.)
	[&quot;Cape Town&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Durban&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Pretoria&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2,921,488 (2011 census)
	[&quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;Gqeberha&quot;}, -- 1,200,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gqeberha&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;}, -- official name; not a display alias
	[&quot;Khartoum&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sudan&quot;}, -- 7,200,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dar es Salaam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 6,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,340,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mwanza&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Arusha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zanzibar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lomé&quot;] = {container = &quot;Togo&quot;}, -- 2,625,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lomé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tunis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 2,725,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Sousse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Soussa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sousse&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kampala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uganda&quot;}, -- 4,300,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lusaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zambia&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Harare&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;}, -- 2,675,000 (Agglomeration)

	------------------ Asia -------------------
	-- sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Kabul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;}, -- 5,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Baku&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;}, -- 3,725,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Manama&quot;] = {container = &quot;บาห์เรน&quot;}, -- 1,560,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Dhaka&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 23,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dacca&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dhaka&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Chittagong&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gazipur&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 2,674,697 (City per 2022; countied in citypopulation.de as part of Dhaka metro area)
	[&quot;Khulna&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Phnom Penh&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัมพูชา&quot;}, -- 2,925,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Tehran&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 16,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Teheran&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tehran&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mashhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mashad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshhed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Isfahan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Esfahan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isfahan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabriz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,970,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shiraz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,950,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ahvaz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Qom&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,450,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kermanshah&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,130,000 (City)
	[&quot;Baghdad&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 7,800,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Basra&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Mosul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,550,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Erbil&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Kirkuk&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Najaf&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Tel Aviv&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิสราเอล&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Jerusalem is not recognized internationally as part of either Israel or Palestine, but as a
	-- [[w:corpus separatum]], so put the container as &quot;เอเชีย&quot; and list Israel and Palestine as additional parents for
	-- categorization purposes.
	[&quot;Jerusalem&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;, &quot;Palestine&quot;}}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Amman&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 6,150,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Irbid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Almaty&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 2,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Alma-Ata&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Almaty&quot;}, -- former name, sometimes still used; don't display-canonicalize
	[&quot;Astana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shymkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kuwait City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kuwait&quot;}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bishkek&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;}, -- 1,540,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Beirut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;}, -- 1,930,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	-- Kuala Lumpur is a federal capital city, not in any state
	[&quot;Kuala Lumpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;}, -- 9,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- there are various George Towns and Georgetowns
	[&quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;, placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,075,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;George Town&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mongolia&quot;}, -- 1,610,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ulan Bator&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Yangon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 5,650,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rangoon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yangon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mandalay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Kathmandu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nepal&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Pyongyang is a directly governed city, not in any province
	[&quot;Pyongyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Korea&quot;}, -- 3,025,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Muscat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oman&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Palestine&quot;, wp = &quot;Gaza City&quot;}, -- 2,275,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Gaza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gaza&quot;},
	[&quot;Doha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qatar&quot;}, -- 2,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Colombo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sri Lanka&quot;}, -- 4,975,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Damascus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aleppo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dushanbe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tajikistan&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangkok&quot;] = {container = &quot;Thailand&quot;}, -- 21,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Chiang Mai not in citypopulation.de, but 1,198,000 urban population in 2021 per Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List_of_municipalities_in_Thailand#Largest_cities_by_urban_population]]
	[&quot;Chiang Mai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chiang Mai Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Chonburi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chonburi Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,570,000 (Agglomeration; including Pattaya)

	-- metro area population stats from https://www.statista.com/statistics/255483/biggest-cities-in-turkey/ as of 2021;
	-- second source is citypopulation.de reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Istanbul&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, container = &quot;Turkey&quot;}, -- 15.2 million; 16,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İstanbul&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Istanbul&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ankara&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5.15 million; 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Izmir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;İzmir&quot;}, -- 2.95 million; 3,025,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İzmir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Izmir&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bursa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2.02 million; 2,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Adana&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.77 million; 1,780,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaziantep&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.71 million; 1,750,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Antalya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.3 million; 1,400,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Konya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.35 million; 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Diyarbakır&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.07 million; 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Diyarbakır is more common per Ngrams and Google Scholar, but Diyarbakir is the Kurdish form, so we should not
	-- display-canonicalize to the Turkish form Diyarbakır.
	[&quot;Diyarbakir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Diyarbakır&quot;},
	[&quot;Mersin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.03 million; 1,060,000 (Agglomeration)

	[&quot;Ashgabat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Turkmenistan&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dubai&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 6,050,000 (Agglomeration; including Sharjah)
	[&quot;Abu Dhabi&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,850,000 (City)
	[&quot;Sharjah&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Metro area 2022-2023 per Wikipedia; separate from Dubai)
	[&quot;Tashkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uzbekistan&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Sanaa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 3,275,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sana'a&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sanaa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aden&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 1,079,060 (?; 2023 estimate from World Population Review per Wikipedia)

	------------------ Europe or Europe-like (Caucasus etc.) ---------------------
	[&quot;Yerevan&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;}, -- 1,520,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Vienna&quot;] = {container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Minsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลารุส&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Brussels&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 2,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Antwerp&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sofia&quot;] = {container = &quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,260,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zagreb&quot;] = {container = &quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Prague&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 1,470,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brno&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 729,405 (metro area per Wikipedia as of 2024-01-01 Czech Statistical Office)
	[&quot;Olomouc&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 102,293 (city; included only because someone went crazy creating Olomouc-related terms)
	[&quot;Copenhagen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Helsinki&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tbilisi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Athens&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Thessaloniki&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Budapest&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮังการี&quot;},
	-- FIXME, per Wikipedia &quot;County Dublin&quot; is now the &quot;Dublin Region&quot;
	[&quot;Dublin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Riga&quot;] = {container = &quot;Latvia&quot;},
	[&quot;Amsterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Rotterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;The Hague&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	-- Christchurch (metro 546,600) and Wellington (metro 439,800) are too small to make it.
	[&quot;Auckland&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oslo&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Warsaw&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Katowice&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Krakow&quot; without accent.
	[&quot;Krakow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Kraków&quot;},
	[&quot;Kraków&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cracow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirm &quot;Gdańsk&quot; and &quot;Poznań&quot; with accent.
	[&quot;Gdańsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Gdansk&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gdańsk&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poznań&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poznan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Poznań&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Lodz&quot; without accents.
	[&quot;Lodz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Łódź&quot;},
	[&quot;Łódź&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lisbon&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Porto&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oporto&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Porto&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bucharest&quot;] = {container = &quot;Romania&quot;},
	[&quot;Belgrade&quot;] = {container = &quot;Serbia&quot;},
	[&quot;Stockholm&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sweden&quot;},
	[&quot;Zurich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Switzerland&quot;},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Zurich&quot; without umlaut.
	--- Even Wikipedia uses the form without umlaut.
	[&quot;Zürich&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zurich&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kyiv&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;}, -- not in Kyiv Oblast
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Kiev -&gt; Kyiv because in ancient contexts, Kiev is still more common.
	[&quot;Kiev&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv&quot;},
	[&quot;Kharkiv&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}},
	[&quot;Odessa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}, wp = &quot;Odesa&quot;},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Odesa -&gt; Odessa because it may be interpreted as a political statement.
	[&quot;Odesa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odessa&quot;},
	
	------------------ North America, South America ---------------------
	-- Primary figures from citypopulation.de retrieved on 2025-04-26 (reference date 2025-01-01);
	-- Wikipedia metropolitan figures from [[w:List of metropolitan areas in the Americas]] based on per-country data;
	-- Wikipedia city limits figures from [[w:List of largest cities in the Americas]].
	[&quot;Buenos Aires&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 16,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 13,985,794 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,505,25 city limits per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Córdoba in Spain
	[&quot;Córdoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;},
	[&quot;Cordoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;, display = &quot;Córdoba&quot;},
	[&quot;Rosario&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Santa Fe&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,348,725 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Mendoza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tucumán&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucuman&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;, display = &quot;Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Consolidated Urban Area); 1,606,671 (city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santa Cruz&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;},
	[&quot;La Paz&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; composed of El Alto, now slightly larger, and La Paz)
	[&quot;El Alto&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Cochabamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Santiago&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 8,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 6,903,479 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Valparaíso&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valparaiso&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valparaíso&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Bogotá&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 10,600,000 (Agglomeration; 12,772,828 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bogota&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bogotá&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medellín&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 4,350,000 (Agglomeration; 4,068,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Medellin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Medellín&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cali&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Agglomeration; 2,837,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Barranquilla&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration; 1,341,160 city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bucaramanga&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,380,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- to avoid confusion with Cartagena, Spain
	[&quot;Cartagena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;},
	[&quot;Cúcuta&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cucuta&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cúcuta&quot;, display = true},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose, California
	[&quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;] = {container = &quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,450,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San José&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;}, -- display = &quot;San José&quot;; causes error due to San Jose alias for California city; FIXME
	[&quot;Havana&quot;] = {container = &quot;คิวบา&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (City; 2,137,847 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santo Domingo&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (Municipality (urban population); 4,274,651 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Guayaquil&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 3,350,000 (Agglomeration; 3,092,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Quito&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (Agglomeration; 2,889,703 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 1,580,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Guatemala City&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;}, -- 3,375,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Port-au-Prince&quot;] = {container = &quot;เฮติ&quot;}, -- 3,050,000 (Agglomeration; population of low reliability; 2,915,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Pedro Sula&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,330,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tegucigalpa&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Managua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nicaragua&quot;}, -- 1,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Panama City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Panama&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Asunción&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraguay&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Lima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 12,000,000 (Agglomeration; 11,283,787 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Arequipa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;San Juan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puerto Rico&quot;, placetype = &quot;commonwealth&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,910,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Montevideo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uruguay&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration; 1,302,954 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Caracas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,243,301 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Maracaibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 2,825,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,278,448 ??? per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Valencia (city and autonomous community of Spain)
	[&quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;},
	[&quot;Maracay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Barquisimeto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,360,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.misc_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.misc_cities,
}

--[==[ var:
List of all known locations, in groups. The first group lists continents and continental regions, followed by three
groups listing top-level locations: countries, &quot;country-like entities&quot; (de-facto/unrecognized/etc. countries and
dependent territories) and former polities (countries, empires, etc.). After that come first-level subpolities
(administrative divisions) of several, mostly large, countries, followed by groups of cities. China and the United
Kingdom include second-level subpolities (in the case of China, only the largest ones as the full list runs in the
hundreds).
]==]
export.locations = {
	export.continents_group,
	export.countries_group,
	export.country_like_entities_group,
	export.former_countries_group,
	export.australia_group,
	export.austria_group,
	export.bangladesh_group,
	export.brazil_group,
	export.canada_group,
	export.china_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2,
	export.egypt_group,
	export.finland_group,
	export.france_group,
	export.france_departments_group,
	export.germany_group,
	export.greece_group,
	export.india_group,
	export.indonesia_group,
	export.iran_group,
	export.ireland_group,
	export.italy_group,
	export.japan_group,
	export.laos_group,
	export.lebanon_group,
	export.malaysia_group,
	export.malta_group,
	export.mexico_group,
	export.moldova_group,
	export.morocco_group,
	export.netherlands_group,
	export.new_zealand_group,
	export.nigeria_group,
	export.north_korea_group,
	export.norway_group,
	export.pakistan_group,
	export.philippines_group,
	export.poland_group,
	export.portugal_group,
	export.romania_group,
	export.russia_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_group,
	export.south_africa_group,
	export.south_korea_group,
	export.spain_group,
	export.taiwan_group,
	export.thailand_group,
	export.turkey_group,
	export.ukraine_group,
	export.united_kingdom_group,
	export.united_states_group,
	export.england_group,
	export.northern_ireland_group,
	export.scotland_group,
	export.wales_group,
	export.vietnam_group,
	export.australia_cities_group,
	export.brazil_cities_group,
	export.canada_cities_group,
	export.france_cities_group,
	export.germany_cities_group,
	export.india_cities_group,
	export.indonesia_cities_group,
	export.italy_cities_group,
	export.japan_cities_group,
	export.mexico_cities_group,
	export.nigeria_cities_group,
	export.pakistan_cities_group,
	export.philippines_cities_group,
	export.russia_cities_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_cities_group,
	export.south_korea_cities_group,
	export.spain_cities_group,
	export.taiwan_cities_group,
	export.united_kingdom_cities_group,
	export.united_states_cities_group,
	export.new_york_boroughs_group,
	export.vietnam_cities_group,
	export.misc_cities_group,
}

return export</text>
      <sha1>dayyaocb40y2i3mkzslq4ncvt3e81ls</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715269</id>
      <parentid>5715268</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:10:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715269</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="348884" sha1="tbnn1d23lxmqyvl5pmtgcqpltl2qw0d" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true to force category generation even on non-mainspace pages

local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local string_utilities_module = &quot;Module:string utilities&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local dump = mw.dumpObject
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

--[==[ intro:
This module contains data on all known locations, along with some lower-level code to process them (higher-level
known-location code is in [[Module:place/placetypes]]). You must load this module using require(), not using
mw.loadData().

===Location data===

'''NOTE: In order to understand the following better, first read the introductory documentation in [[Module:place]],
especially the section `More about known locations`.'''

The bulk of the code in this module (after some helper functions and placetype tables) describes the known locations
and their relationships. Locations are grouped into ''location groups'' that share some common properties (examples are
states of the United States and cities in Brazil). Each location group is associated with two tables, a ''data table''
that lists the locations and their individual properties, and a ''metadata table'' that lists group-level properties and
defaults for the location properties. Each metadata table points to the associated data table (i.e. contains the data
table as its `data` field), and the global `locations` variable holds a list of all group metadata tables. A given
location is generally described by three values: (a) the group metadata table for the group the location is part of; (b)
the location's canonical ''key'', which is the actual key in the group's data table and is globally unique across all
locations; and (c) the location's ''spec'', which is the initialized object describing the properties of the location
and comes from the value in the data table corresponding to the canonical key, transformed by the `initialize_spec()`
function. These are typically named `group`, `key` and `spec`, respectively and in that order, and are found in the
arguments to many functions.

In a per-group data table, the keys are either ''canonical keys'' describing locations (which, as mentioned above, must
be globally unique) or ''alias keys'' specifying an allowed alias for a given location. There may be multiple aliases
for a given location and the alias keys only need to be unique within a particular group data table, not across all
groups. It is also possible for the same string to serve as an alias key in one group and a canonical key in another
group. (For example, `Newcastle` appears as an alias key in two different groups, referring to two different locations,
canonically known as `Newcastle upon Tyne`, for the city in England, and `Newcastle, New South Wales`, for the city in
New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย; and `Birmingham` appears both as a canonical key in the group of English cities and an alias
key for canonical `Birmingham, Alabama` in the group of US cities.) The corresponding value objects are different for
canonical and alias keys. Corresponding to canonical keys are ''location specs'', describing the properies of the
location that cannot be derived from default properties of the group or global defaults. Corresponding to alias keys
are ''alias specs'', which are highly restricted in the properties they can contain, and whose properties do not have
per-group defaults, but only global defaults.

The canonical key is always the same as the bare category corresponding to the location, which is one of the reasons it
must be globally unique. For example, the country of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia` and corresponding bare
category [[:Category:Georgia]], while the US state of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia, USA` and corresponding
bare category [[:Category:Georgia, USA]]. The following conventions are followed in naming keys:
* Countries, ''country-like entities'' (which are a mixture of unrecognized de-facto states and dependent territories)
  and ''former countries'' (which also includes other types of polities, such as the Roman Empire) use their unqualified
  placename as the canonical key. (See the documentation for [[Module:place]] for the distinction between keys and
  placenames, which is critical to understand when working with location data.) This also applies to constituent
  countries (such as England, Aruba and the Faroe Islands) and constituent parts of grouped dependent territories (such
  as the island of Saint Helena, which is administratively part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena,
  Ascension and Tristan da Cunha).
* Cities (including prefecture-level cities in China, which behave in most respects more like non-city administrative
  divisions) also normally use their unqualified placename as the canonical key, but if this causes name conflicts or
  ambiguities, they use a ''qualified key'' containing either the country name or immediate containing division (if
  different) following a comma, such as the case of `Newcastle, New South Wales` and `Birmingham, Alabama` above.
  Examples of name conflicts are the two cities just given; examples of ambiguities are the major cities of León and
  Mérida in Mexico and city of Cartagena, Colombia, which are given the respective canonical keys of `León, Guanajuato`,
  `Mérida, Yucatán` and `Cartagena, Colombia` to avoid ambiguity with the well-known respective cities of the same name
  in Spain, even though none of those cities are large enough to be included as known locations in this module. (The
  cutoff is generally having a metro area of at least 1,000,000 inhabitants, although there are exceptions.)
* Administrative divisions of countries, other than the exceptions noted above for constituent countries and dependent
  territories, use a qualified key that contains the name of the country or constituent country in it, e.g.
  `Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส` (a region), `Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส` (a department in the region of Normandy), `Herefordshire, England`
  (a ceremonial county), `Northwest Territories, Canada` (a territory), `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์` (a region),
  `Antalya Province, Turkey` (a province), `Cluj County, Romania` (a county), `County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์` (a county) and
  `New York, USA` (a state). As shown in these various examples, (a) first and second-level divisions are sometimes both
  included (as in France, the United Kingdom and China); (b) the qualifier after the comma is sometimes a constituent
  country (England) instead of a country (United Kingdom), and is sometimes abbreviated (USA rather than United States
  or Unites States of America); (c) the word `the` is not normally included in the key even if the location is normally
  preceded by `the` when following a preposition (there is a property in the location and alias specs to indicate this),
  except in a very few cases (most notably `The Hague`); (d) the country is included as a qualifier even if it creates
  an apparent redundancy, as with `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์`; and (e) sometimes the placetype is included in the key, as
  with provinces in Turkey and several other countries; states in Nigeria; and counties in Ireland, Romania and several
  other countries. Whether the placetype is included, and whether it follows or precedes the placename, depends on
  per-country conventions. For example, provinces in Turkey, อิหร่าน and several other countries (likewise for states in
  Nigeria, oblasts in Russia, etc.) conventionally include the word &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot; etc. in their name
  because they are normally named after the largest city in the division, which would otherwise lead to ambiguity; and
  counties in Ireland and Northern Ireland (and likewise County Durham, England) normally have the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;
  preceding rather than following them in their conventional name, so we follow this practice. The Wikipedia article
  naming scheme for a given administrative division is a strong clue as to how the division is normally referred to,
  and we usually follow this practice. (A minor exception is that the Wikipedia articles for provinces in Iran, Laos and
  Thailand include the word `province` with an initial lowercase letter while provinces elsewhere, e.g. North and South
  Korea, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, use uppercase `Province`; we normalize to uppercase `Province` in all cases.)

As mentioned above, associated with canonical keys in the group data table are location specs, which are objects
containing properties. It is important here to distinguish ''initialized specs'' from ''uninitialized specs''.
Unininitialized specs are as directly specified in [[Module:place/locations]], containing only those properties that
differ from the per-group or global defaults. Initialized specs result from calling `initialize_spec()` on an
uninitialized spec (it is idempotent in that it will do nothing if encountering an already-initialized spec). This
copies all group-level defaults that are not overridden in the location spec itself from the group-level metadata table
into the location spec, so that in general, no more reference need be made to the group to fetch the correct value of a
given location property. (The initialization process also does more transformations in a few cases, noted below.) Note
that the default value of a given property is stored under a key in the group metadata table that is preceded by the
string `default_`; for example, the default value corresponding to the `placetype` property of a given location is
specified in the `default_placetype` key in the group metadata table.

The following are the properties of the location spec.
* `placetype`: String specifying the placetype of the location (e.g. &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, province&quot;). This can also be a
  table of such types; in this case, the first listed type is the canonical type that will be used in descriptions, but
  the location will be recognized (e.g. in a holonym, or for categorizing into the bare category) when tagged with any
  of the specified types. The placetype '''must''' be either specified on an individual location or defaulted at the
  group level, or an error occurs.
* `container`: Either a string, a ''canonicalized container'' structure or a list of either type, specifying the
  immediate ''container'' (or containers) of the given location. A container is another location which this location is
  considered to be directly part of, either politically or (above the country level) geographically. Some locations
  belong to multiple immediate containers; this applies especially to transcontinental countries such as Russia and
  Turkey. Containers can themselves have containers, forming a tree (or more correctly, a [[w:directed acyclic graph]])
  of locations. The list of immediate container(s), followed by the container(s) of the container(s), etc., is termed
  the ''container trail'', and some functions compute and return this trail as part of their operation. When a location
  spec is initialized, the given container spec is canonicalized into ''canonical container form'', which consists of a
  list of canonicalized container structures, each of which is of the form
  `{key = &quot;``container_key``&quot;, placetype = &quot;``container_placetype``&quot;}`, where ``container_key`` is a canonical location
  key and ``container_placetype`` should be the listed placetype for the location, or the first listed placetype if
  there are multiple. (FIXME: Since the key uniquely identifies the container location, we should eliminate the
  placetype from the container structure.) The list of canonicalized container structures is stored into the
  `.containers` field of the location spec (this happens even if the container value is unset in its uninitialized spec
  form, causing it to default to the corresponding group-level value), and the `.container` field is set to {nil}. The
  canonicalization process is described in more detail below under [[#Container spec canonicalization]].
* `divs`: List of recognized political divisions; e.g. for the Netherlands, a specification of the form
  `divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}` will allow categories such as [[:Category:de:Provinces of the Netherlands]]
  and [[:Category:pt:Municipalities of the Netherlands]] to be created. Any division that appears here must also be
  found in `placetype_data`, or an error occurs. The entities appearing in the `divs` list can be structures as well as
  just strings; this is explained more below under [[#Location divisions]]. Additional political divisions that apply to
  all locations in a group can be specified at the group level using the group-only property `addl_divs`, which has the
  same format as `divs`. This is intended to be used in the situation where some division types are shared among all
  locations in the group and others differ from location to location. An example where this is used is the United
  States, where `census-designated places` is specified in the group-level `addl_divs` so that all 50 states have
  census-designated places categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Census-designated places in Arizona, USA]], but `counties`
  and `county seats` are specified in the group-level `default_divs` because not all states have counties and county
  seats (Alaska has boroughs and borough seats and Louisiana has parishes and parish seats), and some states have
  additional divisions (New Jersey and Pennsylvania also have boroughs, while Colorado and Connecticut have
  municipalities). Note that under most circumstances (particularly, if `container_parent_type` is not set as a property
  associated with the division type), any division type specified on a sub-country-level location must also be specified
  on all containers up through the country. For example, since French departments specify `communes` and
  `municipalities` in `default_divs`, the same division types must be (and are) specified on French regions and for
  France itself.
* `keydesc`: String directly specifying a description of the location, for use in generating the contents of category
  pages related to the location. In place of a string, a function of three arguments (`group`, `key`, `spec`, as is
  normal for locations) that computes the location description can also be given. This is used, for example, for
  Russian federal subjects; see `construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc`. The special string `+++` contained in the
  keydesc is replaced with the default value of the location description, which specifies the location's placename,
  placetype, and the corresponding values for each container in the container trail, generally up through (but not
  beyond) the country level; see `no_include_container_in_desc` below. The location description is used to construct
  the full description of various categories, such as bare location categories, whose description generally reads
  `&quot;{{(((}}langname}}} terms related to the people, culture, or territory of ``keydesc``.&quot;` where ``keydesc`` is the
  specified or auto-constructed location description.
* `fulldesc`: String overriding the full description for the bare location category (but not for any other category).
  This is currently used only for the location `Earth`, at the very top of the tree (because the standard
  `people, culture or territory of ...` text doesn't make sense here), and for `Antarctica` (because it has no permanent
  inhabitants). FIXME: This should be renamed `bare_category_fulldesc`.
* `addl_parents`: Specify additional parents for the bare location category, in addition to the category or categories
  generated based on the immediate container(s). For example, `Hawaii, USA` specifies `Polynesia` as an additional
  parent category; both `North Korea` and `South Korea` specify `Korea` (which is a specially handled location category)
  as an additional parent; and `Earth` specifies `nature` (not a location category, but still a topic category) as an
  additional parent (which in this case becomes the first parent, as `Earth` has no container). The only restriction on
  the categories in `addl_parents` is that they must be topic categories, because each language-specific version of the
  bare location category gets the corresponding language-specific versions of the categories in `addl_parents`. FIXME:
  This shoudl be renamed `bare_category_addl_parents`.
* `wp`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia article for the location. Each spec is either `true` (equivalent
  to `&quot;%l&quot;`, i.e. use the full location placename directly) or a string containing formatting directives, indicating how
  to construct the article name. The allowed formatting directives are `%l` (the full location placename), `%e` (the
  elliptical location placename) and `%c` (the full placename of the first immediate container). For example, the
  default value of `wp` for the group of United States cities is `&quot;%l, %c&quot;` since the city articles tend to be named
  e.g. `Austin, Texas` (but with many exceptions, specified using `wp` fields at the city level). Another example is
  Thai provinces, which specify a group-level default of `&quot;%e province&quot;` as the Wikipedia articles have lowercase
  `province` in their name but the Thai province keys specified in this module have uppercase `Province`. Here we have
  to use `%e` to get the placename without the word `Province` in it. The default is `true`, which simply uses the full
  location placename as the article name. Note that the Wikipedia article, along with the Wikipedia and Commons category
  pages, are shown in the upper right of bare category pages.
* `wpcat`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia category page for the location (i.e. the page listing articles
  and categories relevant to the location). The format is the same as with `wp`, and it defaults to the value of `wp`.
  It rarely needs to be specified because the category page and the article page almost always follow the same format.
* `commonscat`: Spec describing how to construct the Commons category page for the location (i.e. the page on the
  MediaWiki Commons site listing articles and categories relevant to the location). It has the same format as `wp` and
  `wpcat` and defaults to `wpcat`, which is usually (but not always) correct.
* `the`: Boolean specifying whether a location should be preceded by `the` when following a preposition, e.g. in
  category names such as [[:Category:Cities in the Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย]] and in old-style place descriptions
  when the location occurs as the first holonym, such as the city [[Darwin]] described using
  {{tl|place|city|terr/Northern Territory|c/Australia}}. Note that the global default for this and all Boolean
  properties is {nil}, which amounts to the same as {false}.
* `british_spelling`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question uses British spelling. Currently this only
  affects whether the spelling `neighborhoods` or `neighbourhoods` is used in categories such as
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of New York City]] and [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Sydney]]. This usually needs to be set
  only at the top level (i.e. country or country-like entity), because lower-level entities look up the container trail
  for any container that has `british_spelling = true` set, and if found, assume that British spelling applies. The
  general principle used in setting this is that all countries in Europe, all dependent territories of any such country,
  all former British colonies, and any dependent territories of these former colonies, are assumed to use British
  spelling, while all other countries and associated dependent territories are assumed to use American spelling. This
  can potentially be modified on a case-by-case basis.
* `is_city`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question is a city. This is explicitly set to `true` for
  city-states (e.g. Monaco and Vatican City), dependent territories that are cities (e.g. Hong Kong, Macau, Bonaire,
  Gibraltar, etc.), certain city-level administrative divisions (such as `City of Belfast, Northern Ireland`) and
  (through a group-levell setting) New York boroughs. In addition, it is set to `true` in initialize_spec() whenever
  the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, so that all cities get it set without explicitly needing to add a
  group-level setting for this. Note that the condition `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` intentionally excludes Chinese
  prefecture-level cities, which aren't really cities in that (for example) they don't directly contain neighborhoods,
  but do contain cities within them. This setting is used in various places: (a) to add cities, rivers, etc. to
  categories like [[:Category:Rivers in Osaka, ญี่ปุ่น]] and [[:Category:Cities in Wuhan]] for holonyms that
  are ''not'' cities; (b) to add districts, neighborhoods, and the like to categories like
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Brooklyn]] and [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Monaco]] for holoynms that ''are'' cities;
  (c) generally, to determine which &quot;generic&quot; placetypes (cities, rivers, neighborhoods, etc.) apply to the location.
  (Those that can occur with cities have a `generic_before_cities` setting in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and those
  that can occur with non-cities have a `generic_before_non_cities` setting.)
* `is_former_place`: Boolean that should be set on former places such as the Soviet Union and the Roman Empire. For such
  places, categories such as [[:Category:fr:Rivers in the Soviet Union]] are neither generated nor recognized (more
  generally, no &quot;generic&quot; placetypes apply except for `places`), and category descriptions include the word `former`.
* `overriding_bare_label_parents`: Document me!
* `bare_category_parent_type`: Document me!
* `no_container_cat`: Document me!
* `no_container_parent`: Document me!
* `no_generic_place_cat`: Document me!
* `no_check_holonym_mismatch`: Document me!
* `no_auto_augment_container`: Document me!
* `no_include_container_in_desc`: Document me!

====Location divisions====

The `divs` field of a location describes the recognized political division types of that location. Specifying a given
division type will cause places defined as being of the specified division type and with the location as a holonym will
cause the place to be categorized as ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` `; for example, specifying that the United
States has `&quot;รัฐ&quot;` as a division will cause anything defined as {{tl|place|fr|state|c/US}} to be categorized under
[[:Category:fr:States of the United States]]. Note that you do not have to explicitly specify division types for
&quot;generic&quot; placetypes (those that have a `generic_before_non_cities` field if the location is not a city, or that have a
`generic_before_cities` field if the location is a city); this includes things like cities, towns, villages,
neighbo(u)rhoods and rivers. A given element in the `divs` list is usually a string naming a plural placetype; the
placetype is automatically converted to the singular for recognizing the placetype in a {{tl|place}} spec, and irregular
plurals such as `kibbutzim` are handled correctly as long as the placetype specifies an appropriate `plural` field
(if the `plural` isn't explicitly given, the default singularization algorithm in [[Module:en-utilities]] is run, which
gets most things correctly but has problems with `passes` and `fortresses`, which are singularized to `passe` and
`fortresse`; for this reason, an explicit plural entry is added to terms in ''-ss''). In place of a string, an object
can be given with the plural placetype in the `type` field; this allows additional properties to be specified along with
the placetype. An example of this is the `divs` list for Canada:

{
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}, ...},
}

Here, both provinces and territories are set to categorize as `provinces and territories`, meaning that there is a
single category [[:Category:Provinces and territories of Canada]] rather than separate categories for provinces and
territories. Similar things are done for other countries that have more than one type of first-level administrative
division (e.g. Australia, จีน, อินเดีย and Pakistan). Note that any placetype listed under `cat_as` must exist in the
table of placetypes in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and in fact there is a category-only entry there for `provinces and
territories!` (the use of exclamation point following a plural placetype means that the placetype is present only for
use in categories and won't be recognized as the placetype field in a {{tl|place}} description). In addition, townships
are declared to use `in` rather than `of` as the preposition in the category; hence the category name will be
[[:Category:Townships in Canada]] rather than [[:Category:Townships of Canada]]. (The use of `in` vs. `of` is somewhat
related to whether a given placetype is an official administrative or statistical division of the location in question
and comes in a defined list, in which case `of` should be used, or is more ill-defined, in which case `in` should be
used; the default is `of`, and the use of `in` with `townships` is probably by analogy with the use of `in` with cities
and towns.)

Another more complex example is the divisions given for Quebec:

{
	[&quot;Quebec, Canada&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}, ...},
}

Here, `container_parent_type` controls the second parent category of the placetype/location category associated with the
entry. In this case, for example, [[:Category:Counties of Quebec, Canada]] will have [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] as
its second or ''container-level'' parent. However, this doesn't make sense for `regional county municipalities`, which
exist only in Quebec (so the parent category [[:Category:Regional county municipalities of Canada]] would have only one
subcategory); but they are similar to regional municipalities in British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Ontario, so the
`container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;` spec causes the container-level parent of this category to be
[[:Category:Regional municipalities of Canada]]. Likewise, `regions` as administrative divisions (as opposed to mere
geographic regions) exist only in Quebec; they have no equivalent elsewhere, so we disable the container-level parent
using `container_parent_type = false`. The specs for `parish municipalities`, `township municipalities` and
`village municipalities` show both that multiple types can be specified under `cat_as` (here, for example, we categorize
`parish municipalities` as both `parishes` and `municipalities`) and that these types can themselves have properties,
just as for entries directly under `divs`. Specifically, `{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}`
means that any place defined as a parish municipality in Quebec will be categorized under both [[:Category:Parishes of
Quebec, Canada]] and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]], and that the former will have a container-level
parent of [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] (rather than the default of [[:Category:Parishes of Canada]]). Similarly,
`township municipalities` will be categorized under both [[:Category:Townships in Quebec, Canada]] (''not''
[[:Category:Townships of Quebec, Canada]]) and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]].

====Container spec canonicalization====

A fully canonicalized container spec for a given location consists of a list of ''canonicalized container objects'',
each with a `key` and `placetype` field. The `key` field should name the canonical key of some other location at a
higher level (e.g. French cities are contained in French departments, which are contained in French regions, which are
contained in France, which is contained in Europe, which is contained in Eurasia, which is contained in the Earth). The
`placetype` field should correspond to the first (canonical) placetype listed for the key in question. The process of
initializing a locaion spec converts the container spec in `.container` into a canonicalized spec in `.containers` and
removes the spec from `.container`. It works as follows:
# If the `container` field is missing, and there is a group-level `default_container` field, it is used in its place.
  For example, none of the Brazilian states listed in `brazil_states` specifies a container, but the group specifies
  `default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;`.
# A single string or canonicalized container object is allowed and made into a one-element list.
# If a list element is a string that did ''not'' come from `default_container`, and there is a group-level
  `canonicalize_key_container` field, it is assumed to be a one-argument function and is called on the string to get
  a canonicalized container object.
# Any remaining strings are assumed to be countries and are used directly as the `key`, with `placetype` set to
  `&quot;ประเทศ&quot;`.

====Alias keys====

Aliases can be provided for canonical keys using ''alias keys''. Alias keys have a very different location spec
structure from canonical keys. This structure does not, in general, have defaults at the group level and is not
initialized using `initialize_spec()`, but is used as-is. The following properties are recognized in an alias location
spec:
* `alias_of`: The canonical key of which this key is an alias. Required.
* `the`: If true, this alias key is preceded by `the` following a preposition. Defaults to the group-level `default_the`
    but does not pay attention to the value of `the` for the corresponding canonical key.
* `display`: This is a display alias, meaning that holonyms using the placename corresponding to this alias will be
    converted to the placename corresponding to the canonical key when formatting the holonym for display. (Otherwise,
    the aliasing applies only to categorization.) If the value is true, the display canonicalization is to the placename
    of the canonical key; otherwise, the value should be a key whose corresponding placename is used when display
    canonicalizing.
* `placetype`: The placetype of the alias. Rarely needs to be specified as it defaults to the canonical key's placetype,
    and if that is unspecified, to the group-level default placetype.

====Location group metadata tables====

As mentioned above, associated with each location group is a ''metadata table'' listing group-level properties. The
metadata table contains two types of keys: group-level defaults (named like the corresponding location-level keys but
preceded by `default_`, e.g. `default_placetype` corresponding to the location-level `placetype` key) and group-only
keys, which are mostly functions. The following are the possible group-only keys:
* `data`: This points to the group data table for the group, as described above.
* `key_to_placename`: This is a function of one argument to transform the location's key (whether canonical or alias)
  into the full and elliptical placenames. The difference between full and elliptical placenames is described in the
  documentation for [[Module:place]], but in essence, it applies for keys that include the placetype in them (e.g.
  `Phuket Province, Thailand` or `County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์`), in which case the full placename includes the placetype and
  the elliptical placename does not. For keys that do not include the placetype in them (e.g. `Arizona, USA` or
  `Gloucestershire, England`), the full and elliptical placenames are identical. Note that neither the full nor the
  elliptical placename includes the container in it; hence, for `Phuket Province, Thailand`, the full placename is
  `Phuket Province` and the elliptical placename is just `Phuket`. (Note that the full vs. elliptical placename
  distinction is intended only for handling cases where the placetype follows or precedes the raw placename and there
  is no difference between the two in whether they are normally preceded by `the`. More complex situations, such as
  `State of Mexico` (which normally takes `the`) vs. just `Mexico` (which doesn't), or `Islamabad Capital Territory` vs.
  just `Islamabad`, should be handled instead by aliases.) The `key_to_placename` function takes one argument, the key,
  and returns two arguments, the full and elliptical placenames, respectively. If left undefined, the default is to
  chop off anything starting with a comma and return the result as both full and elliptical placename, and if
  specifically set to `false`, the key is used directly as both full and elliptical placename. If it needs to be
  defined, it is best to use the helper function `make_key_to_placename`, if possible (or
  `make_irish_type_key_to_placename` in the case of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where `County` precedes), rather than
  rolling your own. In addition, you should use the global `key_to_placename` function (which takes care of the default
  implementation and such) rather than directly calling the function in the `key_to_placename` field.
* `placename_to_key`: This is approximately the inverse of `key_to_placename`, transforming a placename (which can be
  either in full or elliptical form) into the corresponding key. As with `key_to_placename`, if you need to define this
  (generally, when the full and elliptical placenames are different), prefer using `make_placename_to_key` (or
  `make_irish_type_placename_to_key` for Ireland and Northern Ireland) to rolling your own. In addition, similarly to
  `key_to_placename`, use the global `placename_to_key` function to convert placenames to keys rather than directly
  invoking the function in the `placename_to_key` field. If the field is set to `false`, the placename is used unchanged
  as the key. Otherwise, the default algorithm works as follows:
*# If the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, use the placename unchanged as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` exists and is a string, append it to the placename after a comma +
   space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` is a canonical container object (an object with `key` and
   `placetype` fields), and the `placetype` field is either `country` or `constituent country`, append the `key` field
   to the placename after a comma + space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, use the placename unchanged as the key.
* `canonicalize_key_container`: A function of one argument to convert the specified `container` field, when a string,
  to canonical form. Described in more detail above under [[#Container spec canonicalization]]. It is preferable to
  construct the function using `make_canonicalize_key_container`, if possible, rather than rolling your own.
* `addl_divs`: Additional political divisions appended, for all locations in the group, to the list of divisions derived
  from the location-level `divs` or group-level `default_divs` fields to get the final list of divisions for the
  location. See [[#Location divisions]] for more details.
]==]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Helper functions                                 --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[
Throw an error. `fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to
format the format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called. In general, callers should use `internal_error` unless the
error was due to bad user input rather than a logic error (which usually isn't the case in deep back-end code like
this).
]==]
function export.process_error(fmt, ...)
	local args = {...}
	for i = 1, select(&quot;#&quot;, ...) do
		args[i] = dump(args[i])
	end
	return error(string.format(fmt, unpack(args)))
end

--[==[
Throw an internal error (a logic error that should never happen unless there is a bug in the code, as opposed to a user
error triggered by bad input or a system error due to something like running out of memory or hitting a time limit).
`fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to format the
format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called.
]==]
function export.internal_error(fmt, ...)
	export.process_error(&quot;Internal error: &quot; .. fmt, ...)
end

local internal_error = export.internal_error

-- Return whether `list_or_element` (a list of strings, or a single string) &quot;contains&quot; `item` (a string). If
-- `list_or_element` is a list, this returns true if `item` is in the list; otherwise it returns true if `item`
-- equals `list_or_element`.
local function list_or_element_contains(list_or_element, item)
	if type(list_or_element) == &quot;table&quot; then
		return m_table.contains(list_or_element, item) and true or false
	end
	return list_or_element == item
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `key_to_placename` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames). Two values are returned, the full and elliptical placenames (e.g. full
`&quot;County Durham&quot;` vs. elliptical `&quot;Durham&quot;`). If the group does not define `key_to_placename`, both full and elliptical
placenames are computed by chopping off anything starting with a comma.
]==]
function export.key_to_placename(group, key)
	if group.key_to_placename == false then
		return key, key
	end
	if group.key_to_placename then
		local full_placename, elliptical_placename = group.key_to_placename(key)
		if type(full_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string full placename: %s&quot;, key, full_placename)
		end
		if type(elliptical_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string elliptical placename: %s&quot;, key, elliptical_placename)
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	return key, key
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `placename_to_key` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames) and return the result. If `placename_to_key` exists with the value `false`,
return the placename unchanged. If the group does not define `placename_to_key`, and it defines a `default_container`
whose placetype is either `country` or `constituent country`, the container name is appended to the placename after a
comma and a space. Otherwise the placename is returned unchanged.
]==]
function export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	if group.placename_to_key == false then
		return placename
	elseif group.placename_to_key then
		local key = group.placename_to_key(placename)
		if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Placename %s returned a non-string key: %s&quot;, placename, key)
		end
		return key
	elseif group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot; then
		return placename
	else
		local defcon = group.default_container
		if not defcon then
			return placename
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;table&quot; and (defcon.placetype == &quot;ประเทศ&quot; or
				defcon.placetype == &quot;constituent country&quot;) then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon.key
		else
			return placename
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Initialize the location spec `spec`, augmenting it with default values taken from `group` if the spec itself doesn't
specify values for the properties. This sets `containers` to a canonicalized list of objects, each with `key` and
`placetype` keys, describing the immediate containers of the location, and erases (sets to nil) the original
non-canonicalized `container` field. (Most locations have only one immediate container but some, e.g. Russia, have more
than one. Containers should be carefully distinguished from category parents. Generally the container is the first
category parent, or the first ``n`` parents if there are ``n`` containers, but there may be additional category parents,
which indicate some sort of relation between the category parent and the location but not necessarily one of
containment.)

This function is idempotent in that nothing happens if called more than once on the same spec.

FIXME: Consider reimplementing this in a more standardly object-oriented way using metatables.
]==]
function export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	if spec.initialized then
		return
	end
	local container = spec.container
	local containers
	local container_from_default
	if not container then
		container = group.default_container
		container_from_default = true
	end
	if container then
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; or container.key then
			container = {container}
		end
		containers = {}
		for _, cont in ipairs(container) do
			if type(cont) == &quot;string&quot; then
				if group.canonicalize_key_container and not container_from_default then
					cont = group.canonicalize_key_container(cont)
				else
					cont = {key = cont, placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}
				end
			end
			insert(containers, cont)
		end
	end
	spec.containers = containers
	spec.container = nil
	local function value_with_default(val, default_val)
		if val == nil then
			return default_val
		else
			return val
		end
	end
	local function set_or_default(prop)
		spec[prop] = value_with_default(spec[prop], group[&quot;default_&quot; .. prop])
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;placetype&quot;)
	if not spec.placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found in key %s for spec %s or in group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;divs&quot;)
	spec.addl_divs = group.addl_divs
	for _, prop in ipairs {
		&quot;keydesc&quot;,
		&quot;fulldesc&quot;,
		&quot;addl_parents&quot;,
		&quot;overriding_bare_label_parents&quot;,
		&quot;bare_category_parent_type&quot;,
		&quot;wp&quot;,
		&quot;wpcat&quot;,
		&quot;commonscat&quot;,
		&quot;british_spelling&quot;,
		&quot;the&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_parent&quot;,
		&quot;no_generic_place_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_check_holonym_mismatch&quot;,
		&quot;no_auto_augment_container&quot;,
		&quot;no_include_container_in_desc&quot;,
		&quot;is_city&quot;,
		&quot;is_former_place&quot;,
	} do
		set_or_default(prop)
	end
	-- `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` is correct; if `default_placetype` has something else like `prefecture-level city`
	-- as the canonical placetype but also lists `city` (as Chinese prefecture-level cities do), don't mark as
	-- is_city.
	spec.is_city = value_with_default(spec.is_city, group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;)
	spec.initialized = true
end

--[=[
Given a location group, key and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the key exists in the group
with at least one of the group's key's placetypes matching one of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values:
the group key (which potentially could differ from the passed-in key due to aliases) and the corresponding spec object,
which (as with all functions that return spec objects) has been initialized using `initialize_spec()` (i.e. default
property values have been copied from the group into the spec, if the spec doesn't itself specify a value for the
property in question).

`alias_resolution` controls how aliases are resolved. Normally, both display and category aliases are followed, and
the returned key will reflect the canonical location key. However, if `alias_resolution` is {&quot;none&quot;}, no alias following
happens. In that case, if the key specifies an alias, the spec for the alias rather than the spec for the canonical
location is returned, and importantly, it is returned uninitialized, meaning that properties from the group are not
copied into the spec. (If the key specifies a canonical location, its spec is returned initialized, as in the normal
case where `alias_resolution` is unspecified.) The caller needs to check whether the returned spec is an alias by
looking for an `alias_of` property. If `alias_resolution` is {&quot;display&quot;}, the behavior is the same as for {&quot;none&quot;}
except that if the alias contains a setting `display = true`, the returned key will reflect the canonical location key,
and if the alias contains a setting `display = ``string`` `, the returned key will reflect that string.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
	if alias_resolution ~= nil and alias_resolution ~= &quot;none&quot; and alias_resolution ~= &quot;display&quot; and
		alias_resolution ~= &quot;all&quot; then
		internal_error(&quot;Bad value for 'alias_resolution': %s&quot;, alias_resolution)
	end
	local spec = group.data[key]
	if not spec then
		return nil
	end

	local function check_correct_placetype(placetype)
		if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for _, pt in ipairs(placetype) do
				if list_or_element_contains(placetypes, pt) then
					return true
				end
			end
			return false
		else
			return list_or_element_contains(placetypes, placetype)
		end
	end

	if spec.alias_of then
		local resolved_key = spec.alias_of
		local resolved_spec = group.data[resolved_key]
		if not resolved_spec then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which doesn't exist&quot;, key, resolved_key)
		elseif resolved_spec.alias_of then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which is itself an alias; indirect aliasing not allowed&quot;,
				key, resolved_key)
		end
		if alias_resolution == &quot;none&quot; or alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
			-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
			local placetype = spec.placetype or resolved_spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
			if not placetype then
				internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in any of spec %s, alias-resolved spec %s or in group &quot; ..
					&quot;`default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec, resolved_spec)
			end
			if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
				return nil
			end
			if alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
				if spec.display == true then
					key = resolved_key
				elseif spec.display then
					key = spec.display
				end
			end
			return key, spec
		end
		key = resolved_key
		spec = resolved_spec
	end

	-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
	local placetype = spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
	if not placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in spec %s or group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
		return nil
	end
	export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	return key, spec
end

--[=[
Given a location group, placename and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the placename exists
in the group with at least one of the placetypes of the key in the group that corresponds to the placename matching one
of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values: the key corrsponding to the passed-in placename and the
corresponding spec object. This is similar to `find_matching_key_in_group()` but works with placenames rather than keys.
`alias_resolution` is as in `find_matching_key_in_group()`.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_placename_in_group(group, placetypes, placename, alias_resolution)
	local key = export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	return find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
end

--[==[
If `key` is a canonical known location key (i.e. not an alias), return the corresponding group and initialized spec.
If no such key exists, return {nil}. This throws an internal error if two locations with the same key are found.
]==]
function export.find_canonical_key(key)
	local found_locations = {}
	for _, group in ipairs(export.locations) do
		local spec = group.data[key]
		if not spec then
			-- do nothing
		elseif spec.alias_of then
			mw.log((&quot;Skipping alias '%s' of canonical '%s'&quot;):format(key, spec.alias_of))
		else
			insert(found_locations, {group, spec})
		end
	end
	if not found_locations[1] then
		return nil
	elseif found_locations[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for canonical key %s: %s&quot;, key, found_locations)
	else
		local group, spec = unpack(found_locations[1])
		export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
		return group, spec
	end
end

--[==[
Iterator that returns all locations matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename
or a key along with a list of possible placetypes. Usually there will be at most one such location. The iterator
returns three values at each iteration: the location group, canonical key by which the location is known and the spec
object describing the location. `data` contains the following possible fields:
* `placetypes`: A list of possible placetypes, one of which must match one of the location's placetypes; or a string
  specifying a placetype, which must match one of the location's placetypes. This must be specified.
* `placename`: The placename of the location. Either this or `key` must be specified.
* `key`: The key of the location. Either this or `placename` must be specified.
* `alias_resolution`: If specified, it behaves the same as for `find_matching_key_in_group`.
The spec is normally initialized using `initialize_spec()` prior to it being returned (but may not be if
`alias_resolution` is given and the specified key or placename is an alias; see the documentation for
`find_matching_key_in_group`).
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_location(data)
	local i = 0
	local n = #export.locations
	return function()
		while true do
			i = i + 1
			if i &gt; n then
				break
			end
			local group = export.locations[i]
			local key, spec
			if data.placename then
				key, spec = find_matching_placename_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.placename,
					data.alias_resolution)
			else
				if not data.key then
					internal_error(&quot;'.placename' or '.key' must be defined: %s&quot;, data)
				end
				key, spec = find_matching_key_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.key, data.alias_resolution)
			end
			if key then
				return group, key, spec
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Return the location matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename or a key along
with a list of possible placetypes. This is similar to `iterate_matching_location()` but throws an internal error if
there is not exactly one location found; as such, it is for use with internally specified locations (such as the
containers of known locations) rather than externally specified locations, which may not match a known location and in
some cases may match multiple known locations. For finding an externally specified location, consider using
`find_matching_holonym_location`, which returns {nil} rather than throwing an error if the location isn't found, but
also (more importantly) checks to make sure there are no conflicting holonyms among the user-specified holonyms (e.g.
{{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/USA|t=Newark}} will not match the known location `Newark` (in New Jersey, not Delaware).
]==]
function export.get_matching_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in export.iterate_matching_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Couldn't find matching location for data %s&quot;, data)
	elseif all_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for data %s: %s&quot;, data, all_found)
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end

--[==[
Successively iterate over a location's containers, and then the containers of those containers, etc. Keep in mind that
locations may have multiple containers (e.g. Russia has both Europe and Asia as containers, and both Europe and Asia
have Eurasia as their container). A given container will never be returned twice (e.g. in the case where a specific
location A has locations B and C as containers, and B has C as its container, C will not be returned twice). An
internal error happens if a container loop is detected. The return value is a list of location objects, each of which
contains `group`, `key` and `spec` fields.
]==]
function export.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
	local keys_seen = {}
	keys_seen[key] = true
	local iterations = 0
	local last_iteration_containers = {{group = group, key = key, spec = spec}}
	return function()
		iterations = iterations + 1
		if iterations &gt; 10 then
			internal_error(&quot;Probable loop in containers when processing key %s&quot;, key)
		end
		local next_iteration_containers = {}
		for _, location in ipairs(last_iteration_containers) do
			local containers = location.spec.containers
			if containers then
				for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
					local container_group, container_key, container_spec = export.get_matching_location {
						placetypes = container.placetype,
						key = container.key,
					}
					if not keys_seen[container_key] then
						insert(next_iteration_containers, {
							group = container_group, key = container_key, spec = container_spec
						})
						keys_seen[container_key] = true
					end
				end
			end
		end
		if not next_iteration_containers[1] then
			return nil
		end
		last_iteration_containers = next_iteration_containers
		return next_iteration_containers
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placename, convert it into a link (two-part if `display_form` is given and differs from `placename`) and add
`&quot;the &quot;` to the beginning if called for in `spec`.
]==]
function export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename, display_form)
	local linked_placename = display_form and placename ~= display_form and (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(placename,
		display_form) or (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(placename)
	if spec.the then
		linked_placename = &quot;the &quot; .. linked_placename
	end
	return linked_placename
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `key_to_placename`. It generates a function that chops off parts of a string (a
location key), typically at the end, in order to get the full and elliptical versions of a placename. (See the
documentation above for `key_to_placename` under &quot;Location group tables&quot; for the difference between full and elliptical
placenames.) `container_patterns` is a Lua pattern or a list of possible patterns matching the container at the end of
the key, which will be used to remove that container. If multiple patterns are specified, each one is tried until one
matches. If `container_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped. The reulting string becomes the full
placename. If `divtype_patterns` is specified, it is likewise either a Lua pattern or list of possible patterns to match
and remove the political division affixed onto the end (or possibly the beginning) of the key in the keys of certain
countries (such as South Korean and North Korean counties, which include the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; in the key). The resulting
chopped string becomes the elliptical placename. If `divtype_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped
and the full and elliptical placenames are the same.

Typical usage is as follows:

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, England$&quot;),
```

or (when the political division is part of the key)

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;)
```
]=]
local function make_key_to_placename(container_patterns, divtype_patterns)
	if type(container_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		container_patterns = {container_patterns}
	end
	if type(divtype_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		divtype_patterns = {divtype_patterns}
	end
	return function(key)
		local full_placename = key
		if container_patterns then
			for _, container_pattern in ipairs(container_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				full_placename, nsubs = full_placename:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		local elliptical_placename = full_placename
		if divtype_patterns then
			for _, divtype_pattern in ipairs(divtype_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				elliptical_placename, nsubs = elliptical_placename:gsub(divtype_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `placename_to_key`. It generates a function that appends a string to the end of a given
placename to get the key (see the definition of `placename_to_key` above in the documentation under &quot;Location group
tables&quot;). Optional `divtype_suffix` is a raw string (which should not contain hyphens or other characters that have
special meaning in Lua patterns) to be appended first to the placename; if already present at the end, it is not
appended. `container_suffix` is then added in the same fashion if given. Typical usage is like this:

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, England&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Hampshire&quot;` into `&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;`)

or

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; County&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Gangwon&quot;` or `&quot;Gangwon County&quot;` into `&quot;Gangwon County, South Korea&quot;`).
]=]
local function make_placename_to_key(container_suffix, divtype_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		local key = placename
		if divtype_suffix then
			if not key:find(&quot;^&quot; .. divtype_suffix) then --th; เปลี่ยนไปเติมข้างหน้าแทน
				key = divtype_suffix .. key --th
			end
		end
		if container_suffix then
			key = container_suffix .. key --th
		end
		return key
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `canonicalize_key_container`, which converts a container as specified in the location
data into the canonical form containing both the full container key and its placetype. It generates a function to do
the canonicalization of a given container. If the container is a string, `suffix` is appended onto the string (use {nil}
or {&quot;&quot;} if there is no suffix to append), and the placetype is set to `placetype`. Otherwise the container is left
as-is. Typical usage is like this:

```
canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;)
```

which will convert e.g. `&quot;Ontario&quot;` into `{key = &quot;Ontario, Canada&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}`.
]=]
local function make_canonicalize_key_container(suffix, placetype)
	return function(container)
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return {key = container .. (suffix or &quot;&quot;), placetype = placetype}
		else
			return container
		end
	end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               Top-level tables                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.continents = {
	[&quot;โลก&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;ธรรมชาติ&quot;},
			fulldesc = &quot;=the planet [[Earth]] and the features found on it&quot;},
		[&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
		[&quot;อเมริกา&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[America]], in the sense of [[North America]] and [[South America]] combined&quot;,
				wp = &quot;Americas&quot;},
		[&quot;อเมริกาส์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, the = true},
			[&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				fulldesc = &quot;=the territory of [[Antarctica]]&quot;},
		[&quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[Eurasia]], i.e. [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] together&quot;},
			[&quot;เอเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ยุโรป&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
			[&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย (ภูมิภาค)&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
			[&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
}

export.continents_group = {
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {}, -- container parents should be used
	default_divs = {{type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}},
	-- It's enough to mention the first-level continent or continent group. It seems excessive to write e.g.
	-- &quot;El Salvador, a country in Central America, a continental region in North America, a continent in America, ...&quot;.
	default_no_include_container_in_desc = true,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	default_no_generic_place_cat = true,
	-- French Guyana is in France but not in Europe, which should not be an issue, so don't check holonym mismatches at
	-- this level. We also run into problems with supercontinents, which have &quot;ทวีป&quot; as the fallback and cause
	-- mismatches.
	default_no_check_holonym_mismatch = true,
	data = export.continents,
}

-- Countries: including those with partial recognition that are normally considered countries (e.g. Kosovo, Taiwan).
export.countries = {
	[&quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอลเบเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;administrative units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อันดอร์รา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แองโกลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอนทีกาและบาร์บิวดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐอาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- Both a country and continent
	[&quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาฮามาส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;บาห์เรน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาร์เบโดส&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลารุส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลเยียม&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบนิน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;ภูฏาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;gewogs&quot;}},
	[&quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;entities&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia and Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย-เฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia-Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอตสวานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บราซิล&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;macroregions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;บรูไน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;mukims&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;บุรุนดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;กัมพูชา&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct (e.g. &quot;First Nations reserves&quot;) until/unless
		-- the Canadian government makes a similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is
		-- still at [[w:Indian reserves]]).
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคปเวิร์ด&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;subprefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;CAR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;C.A.R&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;ชาด&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;ชิลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;จีน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;มณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former provinces&quot;},
		&quot;special administrative regions&quot;,
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;FORMER prefectures&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former prefectures&quot;},
		&quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;FORMER districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former districts&quot;},
		&quot;subdistricts&quot;,
		&quot;townships&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;direct-administered municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;จีน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอโมโรส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous islands&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;คิวบา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เช็กเกีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}},
	[&quot;คองโก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;DRC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;D.R.C&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Denmark]] (constituent country) from [[w:Danish Realm]] (country)
	},
	[&quot;จิบูตี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ดอมินีกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[Dominican Republic]], the country that shares the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Hispaniola]] with [[Haiti]]&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, wp = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์ตะวันออก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;อียิปต์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิเควทอเรียลกินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;subregions&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอสโตเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สวาซีแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
	[&quot;ฟีจี&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;collectivities&quot;,
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบอง&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แกมเบีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;จอร์เจีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the country of [[Georgia]], in [[Eurasia]]&quot;, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;%l (country)&quot;},
	[&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia have administrative regions as divisions, but
		-- there aren't really enough of them to categorize per state.
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;regional units&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;peripheries&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีเนดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี-บิสเซา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;กายอานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เฮติ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;arrondissements&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮังการี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไอซ์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินเดีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;regencies&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of provinces&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;อิหร่าน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิรัก&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;Republic of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิตาลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;metropolitan cities&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- We should really be using Ivory Coast (common name) but there are political ramifications to the use of
	-- Côte d'Ivoire so don't make it a display alias.
	[&quot;ไอวอรีโคสต์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;},
	[&quot;จาเมกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;จอร์แดน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;คาซัคสถาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคนยา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kiribati&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kosovo&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kuwait&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;areas&quot;}},
	[&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Laos&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Latvia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lebanon&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lesotho&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Liberia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Libya&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lithuania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Luxembourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Madagascar&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malawi&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Malaysia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;federal territories&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Maldives&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;administrative atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mali&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cercles&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malta&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;local councils&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritius&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mexico&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Moldova&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous territorial units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		&quot;communes&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Monaco&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- We want the first placetype to be 'city-state' so the description of Monaco says it's a city-state, but we
		-- want its parent to be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mongolia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Montenegro&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Morocco&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mozambique&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Myanmar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;union territories&quot;,
		{type = &quot;self-administered zones&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		{type = &quot;self-administered divisions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Burma&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- not display-canonicalizing; has political connotations
	[&quot;Namibia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;constituencies&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nauru&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nepal&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;constituent country&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former municipalities&quot;},
			&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;constituent countries&quot;}, british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Netherlands]] (constituent country) from [[w:Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
		-- (country)
	},
	[&quot;New Zealand&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;territorial authorities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;territorial authorities&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nicaragua&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Niger&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nigeria&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Categorize the Federal Capital Territory as a state because there's only one of it; we could categorize
		-- everything under 'states and territories' but that seems a bit pointless.
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐ&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;North Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;North Macedonia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Republic of North Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Republic of Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Norway&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;unincorporated areas&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Oman&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;administrative territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Palau&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Palestine&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;State of Palestine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Palestine&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Panama&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Paraguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Peru&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Philippines&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poland&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;voivodeships&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Portugal&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Qatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Congo Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Romania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of counties&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Russia&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;, &quot;oblasts&quot;, &quot;krais&quot;, &quot;federal cities&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;federal districts&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Rwanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;SVG&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;S.V.G&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Samoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;San Marino&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;São Tome and Principe&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;Senegal&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Serbia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;autonomous provinces&quot;}},
	[&quot;Seychelles&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Singapore&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovenia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;statistical regions&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	-- Note: While the official name does not include &quot;the&quot; at the beginning, 
	-- it sounds strange in English to leave it out and it's commonly included.
	[&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Africa&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;district municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{type = &quot;metropolitan municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;South Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Spain&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous communities&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		&quot;comarcas&quot;, &quot;autonomous cities&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Suriname&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sweden&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Switzerland&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Syria&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;, &quot;special municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;, different political connotations
	[&quot;Tajikistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tanzania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไทย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Togo&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tonga&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Tunisia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;delegations&quot;}},
	[&quot;Turkey&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	-- Foreign names generally get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Türkiye&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		-- The 5 regions are often also called provinces
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, {type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, &quot;districts&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Tuvalu&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Uganda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Ukraine&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;oblasts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous republics&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;emirates&quot;}},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UAE&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.A.E.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;constituent countries&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			&quot;traditional counties&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[United Kingdom]] of Great Britain and Northern Ireland&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UK&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.K.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;derogatory names for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;official nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, -- exist in Pennsylvania and New Jersey
			&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, -- these exist politically at least in Colorado and Connecticut
			{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct until/unless the US government makes a
			-- similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is still at
			-- [[w:Indian reservations]]).
			&quot;Indian reservations&quot;,
		}},
	-- Abbreviations and long forms (when possible) get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;US&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;USA&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.A.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหรัฐ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Uruguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Vanuatu&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- First placetype should be 'city-state' for to shown up in its description,
		-- Its parent should still be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;}, is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vatican City&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Western Sahara&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;,
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	-- Not display-canonicalizable both due to differences in 'the' and the sovereignty dispute over Western Sahara
	[&quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Sahara&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;SADR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Yemen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zambia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
}

local function canonicalize_continent_container(key)
	if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
		return key
	end
	if export.continents[key] then
		return {key = key, placetype = export.continents[key].placetype}
	end
	internal_error(&quot;Unrecognized key %s in `canonicalize_continent_like`&quot;, key)
end

export.countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;+++&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.countries,
}

-- Country-like entities: typically overseas territories or de-facto independent countries, which in both cases
-- are not internationally recognized as sovereign nations but which we treat similarly to countries.
export.country_like_entities = {
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Akrotiri and Dhekelia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Åland: Listed as a region of Finland. Wikipedia lists this under &quot;dependent territories&quot; in
	--   [[w:List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent]].
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;American Samoa&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Anguilla&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;Abkhazia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Abkhazia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Ashmore and Cartier Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Aruba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Bermuda&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Bonaire&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Indian Ocean Territory&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian dependent territory
	[&quot;Bouvet Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Cayman Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Christmas Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Sui generis French &quot;state private property&quot; per Wikipedia; classify as overseas territory like the
	-- French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
	[&quot;Clipperton Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
	},
	-- Australian external territory; also called the Keeling Islands or (officially) the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
	[&quot;Cocos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		wp = &quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Keeling Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Cook Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Curaçao&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special territory of Chile
	[&quot;Easter Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Falkland Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Faroe Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;French Polynesia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- French overseas territory
	[&quot;French Southern and Antarctic Lands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Gibraltar&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Greenland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Guam&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Guernsey
	[&quot;Guernsey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		wp = &quot;Bailiwick of %l&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Guernsey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Guernsey&quot;, the = true},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Heard Island and McDonald Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Hong Kong&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency
	[&quot;Isle of Man&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Jan Mayen&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Jersey
	[&quot;Jersey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Jersey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jersey&quot;, the = true},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Macau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Montserrat&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special collectivity of France
	[&quot;New Caledonia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;New Zealand Subantarctic Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Niue&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Norfolk Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Cyprus
	[&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;Turkey&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Northern Cyprus]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Cyprus]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth, unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Northern Mariana Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Pitcairn Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth of the United States
	[&quot;Puerto Rico&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Saba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Barthélemy&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		divs = {{type = &quot;constituent parts&quot;, container_parent_type = false}},
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
		-- constituent parts of the combined oveseas territory
		[&quot;Ascension Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Saint Helena&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Martin&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Eustatius&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Maarten&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Somalia
	[&quot;Somaliland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Somaliland]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Somalia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	-- FIXME: We should form the group &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot; like we did for
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	[&quot;South Georgia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;South Ossetia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[South Ossetia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;South Sandwich Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		wp = true,
		wpcat = &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Svalbard&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;Tokelau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Moldova
	[&quot;Transnistria&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Moldova&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Transnistria]], internationally recognized as part of [[Moldova]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Turks and Caicos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Minor Outlying Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เกาะ&quot;, &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
		-- FIXME: We should add entries for the other minor outlying islands.
		-- Baker Island (Oceania)
		-- Howland Island (Oceania)
		-- Jarvis Island (Oceania)
		-- Johnston Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Kingman Reef (Oceania)
		-- Midway Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Navassa Island (Caribbean)
		-- Palmyra Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Wake Island (Oceania)
		[&quot;Wake Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
			container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
			addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
		},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;U.S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;US Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Wallis and Futuna&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
}

export.country_like_entities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;country-like entities&quot;},
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- These entities often aren't really part of their container; a village in Wallis and Futuna (an overseas
	-- collectivity of France in Polynesia), for example, shouldn't be treated as a village in France, nor as a village
	-- in Europe.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.country_like_entities,
}

-- Former countries and such; we don't create &quot;Cities in ...&quot; categories because they don't exist anymore
export.former_countries = {
	-- de-facto independent state of Armenian ethnicity, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan
	-- (also known as Nagorno-Karabakh)
	-- NOTE: Formerly listed Armenia as a parent; this seems politically non-neutral so I've taken it out.
	[&quot;Artsakh&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former de-facto independent state of [[Artsakh]], internationally recognized as part of [[Azerbaijan]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Artsakh&quot;},
	[&quot;Czechoslovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;East Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เวียดนามเหนือ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;เปอร์เซีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Byzantine Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Ancient Europe&quot;, &quot;Ancient Near East&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;themes&quot;,
		}},
	[&quot;Roman Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;},
		}},
	[&quot;เวียดนามใต้&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;Soviet Union&quot;] = {
		the = true, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous republics&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;West Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Yugoslavia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1918–1943) or the former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1943–1992)&quot;, british_spelling = true},
}

export.former_countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	default_is_former_place = true,
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.former_countries,
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                  Subpolity tables                             --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_states_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Jervis Bay Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Queensland, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tasmania, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Victoria, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states and territories of Australia
export.australia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;local government areas&quot;,
	data = export.australia_states_and_territories,
}

export.austria_states = {
	[&quot;Vienna, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Upper Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Styria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tyrol, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Tyrol (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Carinthia, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salzburg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Salzburg (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Vorarlberg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Burgenland, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Austria
export.austria_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.austria_states,
}

export.bangladesh_divisions = {
	[&quot;Barisal Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mymensingh Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rajshahi Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rangpur Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sylhet Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
}

-- divisions of Bangladesh
export.bangladesh_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ$&quot;, &quot; Division$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, &quot; Division&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;division&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.bangladesh_divisions,
}

export.brazil_states = {
	[&quot;Acre, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Alagoas, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amapá, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amazonas, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Brazilian state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Bahia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ceará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Distrito Federal, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Federal District (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;Espírito Santo, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Goiás, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maranhão, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minas Gerais, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraíba, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraná, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pernambuco, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piauí, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Norte, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rondônia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Roraima, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santa Catarina, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;São Paulo, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sergipe, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tocantins, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Brazil
export.brazil_group = {
	default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_states,
}

export.canada_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Alberta, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;municipal districts&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;rural municipalities&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;British Columbia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs =
		{type = &quot;regional districts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Manitoba, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;New Brunswick, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, {type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, cat_as = &quot;parishes&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Newfoundland and Labrador, แคนาดา&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northwest Territories, แคนาดา&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Nova Scotia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nunavut, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Ontario, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;, {type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Prince Edward Island, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, &quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saskatchewan, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Quebec, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		-- administrative regions have an official (but non-governmental) function but there don't appear to be any
		-- equivalent regions elsewhere in Canada, so disable the [[Category:Regions of Canada]] grouping
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}},
	[&quot;Yukon, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Yukon Territory, แคนาดา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yukon, Canada&quot;, the = true},
}

-- provinces and territories of Canada
export.canada_group = {
	default_container = &quot;แคนาดา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
	data = export.canada_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions = {
	-- direct-administered municipalities are not here but below under prefecture-level cities
	[&quot;Anhui, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fuchien, จีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gansu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangdong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Guizhou, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hainan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hebei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Heilongjiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Henan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hubei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Jiangsu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jiangxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jilin, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liaoning, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Qinghai, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shaanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shandong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sichuan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tibet, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;, wp = &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;},
	[&quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Yunnan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zhejiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and autonomous regions of China
export.china_group = {
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;มณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities = {
	-- In China, a &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; is not a city in any real sense. It is rather a prefecture, which is an
	-- administrative unit smaller than a province but bigger than a county, which is administratively controlled by
	-- the chief city of the prefecture (which bears the same name as the prefecture), in a unified government. Prior
	-- to the mid-1980's, in fact, prefecture-level cities *were* prefectures, and a few of them (especially in the
	-- western portion of China) have not yet been converted. Generally a given province is entirely tiled by
	-- prefecture-level cities, another indication that they should be treated as prefectures and not cities per se.
	-- Yet another indication is that prefecture-level cities can contain counties and county-level cities (which, much
	-- like prefecture-level cities, are effectively counties surrounding a chief city of the county, again which bears
	-- the same name as the county-level city).
	--
	-- For this reason, we treat prefecture-level cities as non-city political divisions, and separately enumerate the
	-- most populous so we can separately categorize districts and counties under them instead of lumping them at the
	-- province level.
	--
	-- Note also that China separately distinguishes &quot;urban area&quot; from &quot;metro area&quot;. Sometimes the two figures are
	-- identical but sometimes the metro area is larger (and very occasionally smaller, which I assume is an error). I'm
	-- guessing that the &quot;urban area&quot; is the contiguous urban area over a certain density while the metro area includes
	-- all urban areas above a certain density; when the latter is greater, it's because of satellite cities in the
	-- metro area separated by suburban/exurban or rural land.

	-- At first I chose all prefecture/province-level cities with a total prefecture/province-level population of at
	-- least 6,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/admin/ (a total
	-- of 67, including the four direct-administered municipalities), and also chose all prefecture/province-level
	-- cities whose &quot;urban population&quot; was at least 2,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List of cities in China by population#Cities and towns by population]] (a total of 61 cities; if we cut off
	-- at 1.5 million we'd have 84 cities, and if we cut off at 1 million we'd have 105 cities). Merging them produces
	-- 87 cities. Note that this leaves off a few well-known cities (Guilin, Qiqihar, Kashgar, Lhasa, ...) but includes
	-- a lot of obscure cities.
	--
	-- At a later date I added all cities from citypopulation.de whose &quot;urban&quot; population per the 2020 China census was
	-- &gt;= 1 million, and then finally added all urban agglomerations from citypopulation.de whose 2025-01-01 estimate
	-- was &gt;= 1 million. These are sorted below by the urban agglomeration value (which is generally of the &quot;adm-urb&quot; =
	-- &quot;administrative area (urban population)&quot; type) and sometimes groups nearby cities into a single agglomeration
	-- (most notably in the case of the Pearl River Delta, grouped under Guangzhou with an agglomeration population of
	-- 72,700,000 but including a large number of nearby large cities in the agglomeration (although for some reason not
	-- Hong Kong, maybe due to the administrative issues involved). In addition, citypopulation.de includes divisions
	-- under a prefecture-level city if they are city-like and have an agglomeration population of at least 1 million;
	-- this includes several county-level cities, one county and one district (Wanzhou, a &quot;district&quot; of Chongqing
	-- despite being 142 miles away). None of the county-level cities or counties have districts under them, only
	-- subdistricts, towns and townships.

	[&quot;Guangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 18.7 prefectural, 18.8 urban; sub-provincial city; 16.097 urban (72.700 adm-urb including Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Zhongshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongguan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 10.5 prefectural, 10.5 urban; 9.645 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Foshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 9.5 prefectural, 9.5 urban; 9.043 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Huizhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.0 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.900 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jiangmen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.798 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.795 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shenzhen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 17.5 prefectural, 14.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 17.445 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhongshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.418 prefectural, 4.4 urban; 3.842 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shanghai&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 24.9 prefectural, 29.9 urban; 21.910 urban (41.600 adm-urb including Changshu, Changzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changshu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.231 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Cangzhou in Hebei
	[&quot;Changzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 5.278 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 3.187 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: There is also a prefecture-level city Suzhou in Anhui with 5.3 million prefectural inhabitants
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 12.8 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 5.893 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Wuxi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 3.3 urban; 3.957 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Beijing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 21.9 prefectural, 21.9 urban; 18.961 urban (21.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chengdu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 20.9 prefectural, 16.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 13.568 urban (18.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiamen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 5.163 prefectural, 5.2 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.617 urban (15.400 adm-urb including Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Putian) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 1.416 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Quanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.7 urban (6.7 metro); 1.469 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Putian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 3.210 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.539 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Hangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 11.9 prefectural, 10.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.236 urban (14.600 adm-urb including Shaoxing) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 5.270 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.333 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Hangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Xi'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 12.1 prefectural, 11.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.393 urban (13.400 adm-urb including Xianyang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.193 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xi'an agglomeration
	[&quot;Chongqing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 32.1 prefectural, 16.9 urban; 9.581 urban (12.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 12.4 prefectural, 12.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 10.495 urban (12.600 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tianjin&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 13.9 prefectural, 13.9 urban; 11.052 urban (11.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.630 urban (11.500 adm-urb including Xiangtan, Zhuzhou) per citypopulation.de
	-- Changsha County -- 1.024 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.510 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Changsha agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhengzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 12.6 prefectural, 6.7 urban; 6.461 urban (10.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanjing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.3 prefectural, 9.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.520 urban (9.500 adm-urb including Ma'anshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shenyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 7.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.026 urban (8.800 adm-urb including Fushun) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fushun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.229 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shenyang agglomeration
	[&quot;Hefei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 4.2 urban; 5.056 urban (8.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shantou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 5.502 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.839 urban (8.050 adm-urb including Chaozhou, Jieyang, Puning) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chaozhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jieyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.243 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Qingdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 10.1 prefectural, 7.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 6.165 urban (7.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ningbo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 5.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 3.731 urban (7.600 adm-urb including Cixi, Yuyao) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Cixi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.458 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	[&quot;Yuyao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.014 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	-- Hong Kong 7.500 agglomeration per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 estimate including Kowloon, Victoria
	[&quot;Wenzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.6 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 2.582 urban (7.000 adm-urb including Rui'an, Cangnan, Pingyang) per citypopulation.de
	-- Rui'an is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Wenzhou but in fact is 19 miles away from Wenzhou city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Rui'an&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Wenzhou&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 1.013 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Wenzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Kunming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 8.5 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.273 urban (6.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Láiwú city
	[&quot;Jinan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.2 prefectural, 8.4 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.648 urban (6.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Xīnjí city
	[&quot;Shijiazhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.2 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 5.090 urban (6.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taiyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 5.304 prefectural, 4.5 urban; 4.304 urban (6.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Harbin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 7.0 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.243 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanning&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 8.7 prefectural, 3.8 urban; 4.583 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dalian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.914 urban (5.400 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guiyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 5.987 prefectural, 3.5 urban; 4.021 urban (5.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changchun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.557 urban (5.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 3.6 (3.9?) urban, 5.3 metro; 3.519 urban (5.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ürümqi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.054 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.843 urban (5.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Urumqi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ürümqi&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.3 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 3.723 urban (4.775 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 11.0 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.744 urban (4.650 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 4.704 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.750 urban (3.975 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.231 urban (3.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gansu&quot;}, -- 4.359 prefectural, 3.1 urban; 3.013 urban (3.575 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nantong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.988 urban (3.475 adm-urb) citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weifang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.998 urban (3.325 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiangyin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.331 urban (3.200 adm-urb including Zhangjiagang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiagang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.056 urban per citypopulation.de; included in Jiangyin figures
	[&quot;Xuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.846 urban (3.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Handan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.8 urban; 2.095 urban (2.925 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hohhot&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 3.446 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 2.373 urban (2.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Haikou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hainan&quot;}, -- 2.873 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.349 urban (2.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tangshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 3.4 urban; 2.550 urban (2.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinxiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 1.2 urban, 2.7 metro; 1.271 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yiwu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.481 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuhai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 2.439 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.207 urban (2.675 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.486 urban (2.625 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;},
	[&quot;Yantai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.312 urban (2.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yinchuan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.663 urban (2.525 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liuzhou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.157 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.205 urban (2.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.480 urban (2.350 adm-urb including Liáoyáng) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 2.067 urban (2.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (2.275 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qinghai&quot;}, -- 1.677 urban (2.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Dìngzhōu city and Xióngān Xīnqū
	[&quot;Baoding&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.5 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.940 urban (2.225 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baotou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 2.709 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.104 urban (2.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ganzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.778 urban (2.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Pingdingshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.046 urban (2.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zunyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 2.4 urban/metro; 1.675 urban (2.025 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bengbu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Datong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 3.105 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.810 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (1.960 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.556 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 1.805 urban (1.940 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zaozhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.350 urban (1.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhanjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 1.9 urban; 1.401 urban (1.890 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huainan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.256 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.4 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.700 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Daqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.604 urban (1.860 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.598 urban (1.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guilin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.361 urban (1.830 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Mianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.549 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiangyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.686 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.084 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Puyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.824 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangqiu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.8 prefectural, 1.9 urban (2.8 metro); 1.031 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qinhuangdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.520 urban (1.740 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xingtai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 971,000 urban; 1.5 urban (1.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.7 prefectural, 2.1 urban/metro; 1.481 urban (1.680 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaozuo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.875 urban (1.640 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 1.509 urban (1.610 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jilin City&quot;},
	[&quot;Jinhua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.041 urban (1.590 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangrao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.5 prefectural, 2.1 urban, 1.3 metro [sic]; 1.342 urban (1.580 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Heze&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.3 urban; 1.294 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yulin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 0.878 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.417 urban (1.560 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weihai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.340 urban (1.510 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Taizhou, Jiangsu would be here (1.490 adm-urb) but moved to china_prefecture_level_cities_2 to avoid clash
	[&quot;Yancheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 6.7 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.353 urban (1.460 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiakou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.339 urban (1.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Maoming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 1.308 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fuyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 8.2 prefectural, 2.1 urban; 1.191 urban (1.410 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xuchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.850 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yichang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.284 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dazhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.136 urban (1.380 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Kaifeng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.194 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.128 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qingyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.198 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huaibei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 0.831 urban (1.330 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yibin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.310 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lu'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.070 urban (1.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.843 urban (1.290 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Rizhao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.147 urban (1.270 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changzhi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 1.047 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.185 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.021 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liaocheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.020 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changde&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Suqian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.082 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 1.4 urban/metro; 1.015 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baoji&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.108 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yueyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.125 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhenjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.124 urban (1.210 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Wanzhou is a &quot;district&quot; of the &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot; of Chongqing but in fact is 142 miles away from Chongqing city proper.
	[&quot;Wanzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;district&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Chongqing&quot;, placetype = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (1.190 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ulanhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.093 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chifeng&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulankhad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhaoqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.036 urban (1.160 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lianyungang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.599 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.071 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qujing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 0.976 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Shuyang is a &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Suqian but in fact is 38 miles away from Suqian city proper (urban core to urban core).
	-- The county itself is 37 miles by 34 miles.
	[&quot;Shuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Suqian&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l County&quot;}, -- 0.986 urban (1.120 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Yongkang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Jinhua but in fact is 32 miles away from Jinhua city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Yongkang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Jinhua&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Zhejiang&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.110 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhoukou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 721,000 urban (1.6 metro); &lt; 0.750 urban (1.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Beihai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- &lt; 1 urban (1.090 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiujiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 802,000 urban, 1.4 metro; &lt; 1 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 0.885 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shiyan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 0.955 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huludao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.764 urban (1.060 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongying&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.961 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guigang&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 0.921 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Liuyang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Changsha but in fact is 47 miles away from Changsha city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Liuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Changsha&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.886 urban (1.040 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Changzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Cangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.3 prefectural, 621,000 urban; 0.759 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liupanshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Panjin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.980 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qiqihar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.030 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linfen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Tengzhou is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Zaozhuang but in fact is 30 miles away from Zaozhuang city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Tengzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Zaozhuang&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.937 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de

	-- 3 extra that got added in earlier incarnations and aren't found in the &quot;major agglomerations of the world&quot; page https://citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/ reference date 2025-01-01
	[&quot;Kunshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.652 urban (2020 China census) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhumadian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 722,000 urban per Wikipedia; 0.754 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bijie&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.9 prefectural, ? urban, ? metro (not listed in Wikipedia); &lt; 0.750 urban per citypopulation.de
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot; or &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities,
}

-- Needed to avoid problems with two cities called Taizhou and Suzhou.
export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2 = {
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Taizhou in Zhejiang.
	[&quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.3 urban (1.490 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;},
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Suzhou in Jiangsu.
	[&quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 5.3 prefectural, 1.766 metro and &quot;urban&quot;; &lt; 1 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	-- hopefully this will work because we also have Suzhou as a key by itself for the larger, more-well-known Suzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;},
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2 = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;.
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2,
}

export.finland_regions = {
	[&quot;Lapland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kainuu, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;South Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pirkanmaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satakunta, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijät-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kanta-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kymenlaakso, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Åland&quot;},
	[&quot;Åland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
}

-- regions of Finland
export.finland_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.finland_regions,
}

export.france_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brittany, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Centre-Val de Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Corsica, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- overseas departments are handled in `export.country_like_entities`
	-- [&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Grand Est, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hauts-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Île-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Occitanie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Pays de la Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of France
export.france_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
	-- Canonically these are 'administrative regions' but also treat as 'region' ('administrative region' falls back
	-- to 'region').
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
	},
	data = export.france_administrative_regions,
}

export.france_departments = {
	[&quot;Ain, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 01
	[&quot;Aisne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 02
	[&quot;Allier, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 03
	[&quot;Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 04
	[&quot;Hautes-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 05
	[&quot;Alpes-Maritimes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 06
	[&quot;Ardèche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 07
	[&quot;Ardennes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 08
	[&quot;Ariège, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 09
	[&quot;Aube, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 10
	[&quot;Aude, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 11
	[&quot;Aveyron, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 12
	[&quot;Bouches-du-Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 13
	[&quot;Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 14
	[&quot;Cantal, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 15
	[&quot;Charente, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 16
	[&quot;Charente-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 17
	[&quot;Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 18
	[&quot;Corrèze, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 19
	[&quot;Corse-du-Sud, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2A
	[&quot;Haute-Corse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2B
	[&quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 21
	[&quot;Côte d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 22
	[&quot;Côtes d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Creuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 23
	[&quot;Dordogne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 24
	[&quot;Doubs, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 25
	[&quot;Drôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 26
	[&quot;Eure, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 27
	[&quot;Eure-et-Loir, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 28
	[&quot;Finistère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 29
	[&quot;Gard, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 30
	[&quot;Haute-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 31
	[&quot;Gers, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 32
	[&quot;Gironde, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 33
	[&quot;Hérault, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 34
	[&quot;Ille-et-Vilaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 35
	[&quot;Indre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 36
	[&quot;Indre-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 37
	[&quot;Isère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 38
	[&quot;Jura, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 39
	[&quot;Landes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 40
	[&quot;Loir-et-Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 41
	[&quot;Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 42
	[&quot;Haute-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 43
	[&quot;Loire-Atlantique, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 44
	[&quot;Loiret, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 45
	[&quot;Lot, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 46
	[&quot;Lot-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 47
	[&quot;Lozère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 48
	[&quot;Maine-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 49
	[&quot;Manche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 50
	[&quot;Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 51
	[&quot;Haute-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 52
	[&quot;Mayenne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 53
	[&quot;Meurthe-et-Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 54
	[&quot;Meuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 55
	[&quot;Morbihan, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 56
	[&quot;Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 57
	[&quot;Nièvre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 58
	[&quot;Nord, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (French department)&quot;}, -- 59
	[&quot;Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 60
	[&quot;Orne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 61
	[&quot;Pas-de-Calais, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 62
	[&quot;Puy-de-Dôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 63
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Atlantiques, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 64
	[&quot;Hautes-Pyrénées, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 65
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Orientales, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 66
	[&quot;Bas-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 67
	[&quot;Haut-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 68
	[&quot;Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 69D
	[&quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, the = true}, -- 69M
	[&quot;Lyon Metropolis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Haute-Saône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 70
	[&quot;Saône-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 71
	[&quot;Sarthe, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 72
	[&quot;Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 73
	[&quot;Haute-Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 74
	[&quot;Paris, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 75
	[&quot;Seine-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 76
	[&quot;Seine-et-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 77
	[&quot;Yvelines, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 78
	[&quot;Deux-Sèvres, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 79
	[&quot;Somme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 80
	[&quot;Tarn, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 81
	[&quot;Tarn-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 82
	[&quot;Var, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 83
	[&quot;Vaucluse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 84
	[&quot;Vendée, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 85
	[&quot;Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 86
	[&quot;Haute-Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 87
	[&quot;Vosges, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 88
	[&quot;Yonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 89
	[&quot;Territoire de Belfort, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 90
	[&quot;Essonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 91
	[&quot;Hauts-de-Seine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 92
	[&quot;Seine-Saint-Denis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 93
	[&quot;Val-de-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 94
	[&quot;Val-d'Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 95
	--[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guadeloupe&quot;}, -- 971
	--[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {container = &quot;Martinique&quot;}, -- 972
	--[&quot;Guyane&quot;] = {container = &quot;French Guiana&quot;, wp = &quot;French Guiana&quot;}, -- 973
	--[&quot;La Réunion&quot;] = {container = &quot;Réunion&quot;, wp = &quot;Réunion&quot;}, -- 974
	--[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mayotte&quot;}, -- 976
}

export.france_departments_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;),
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;department&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	},
	data = export.france_departments,
}

export.germany_states = {
	[&quot;Baden-Württemberg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bavaria, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are effectively city-states and don't have districts ([[Kreise]]), so override
	-- the default_divs setting. Better not to include them at all since they're included as cities down below.
	-- [&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Brandenburg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	-- [&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Hesse, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Rhine-Westphalia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rhineland-Palatinate, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saarland, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony-Anhalt, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Schleswig-Holstein, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Thuringia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Germany
export.germany_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	data = export.germany_states,
}

export.greece_regions = {
	[&quot;Attica, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Crete, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Epirus, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Ionian Islands, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	-- I would expect 'the Peloponnese' but Wikipedia mostly has categories like [[w:Category:Geography of Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- and [[w:Category:Buildings and structures in Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]; only [[w:Category:People from the Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- has &quot;the&quot; in it.
	[&quot;Peloponnese, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;South Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Thessaly, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Athos, กรีซ&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;Monastic community of Mount Athos&quot;},
}

-- regions of Greece
export.greece_group = {
	default_container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.greece_regions,
}

local india_polity_with_divisions = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}
local india_polity_without_divisions = {&quot;districts&quot;}

-- States and union territories of India. Only some of them are divided into divisions.
export.india_states_and_union_territories = {
	[&quot;Andaman and Nicobar Islands, อินเดีย&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Andhra Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Arunachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Assam, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Bihar, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Chhattisgarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Goa, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Gujarat, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Haryana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Himachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jharkhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Karnataka, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Kerala, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Ladakh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Lakshadweep, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Madhya Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Maharashtra, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Manipur, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Meghalaya, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Mizoram, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Nagaland, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Odisha, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pondicherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Punjab, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajasthan, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Sikkim, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tamil Nadu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Telangana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tripura, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttar Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttarakhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;West Bengal, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
}

-- states and union territories of India
export.india_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินเดีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.india_states_and_union_territories,
}

export.indonesia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Aceh, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bali, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bangka Belitung Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Banten, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bengkulu, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorontalo, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Jakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Jambi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lampung, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Riau, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Riau Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Southeast Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
}

-- provinces of Indonesia
export.indonesia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- per https://www.quora.com/Does-Indonesia-use-British-or-American-English, อินโดนีเซีย tends to use American
	-- spellings.
	data = export.indonesia_provinces,
}

export.iran_provinces = {
	[&quot;Alborz, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AL, capital [[w:Karaj]]
	[&quot;Ardabil, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AR, capital [[w:Ardabil]]
	[&quot;Bushehr, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation BU, capital [[w:Bushehr]]
	[&quot;Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation CB, capital [[w:Shahr-e Kord]]
	[&quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation EA, capital [[w:Tabriz]]
	[&quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation FA, capital [[w:Shiraz]]
	[&quot;Pars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gilan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GN, capital [[w:Rasht]]
	[&quot;Golestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GO, capital [[w:Gorgan]]
	[&quot;Hamadan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HA, capital [[w:Hamadan]]
	[&quot;Hormozgan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HO, capital [[w:Bandar Abbas]]
	[&quot;Ilam, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IL, capital [[w:Ilam, อิหร่าน|Ilam]]
	[&quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IS, capital [[w:Isfahan]]
	[&quot;Kerman, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KN, capital [[w:Kerman]]
	[&quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KE, capital [[w:Kermanshah]]
	[&quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KH, capital [[w:Ahvaz]]
	[&quot;Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KB, capital [[w:Yasuj]]
	[&quot;Kurdistan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KU, capital [[w:Sanandaj]]
	[&quot;Lorestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation LO, capital [[w:Khorramabad]]
	[&quot;Markazi, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MA, capital [[w:Arak, อิหร่าน|Arak]]
	[&quot;Mazandaran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MN, capital [[w:Sari, อิหร่าน|Sari]]
	[&quot;North Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation NK, capital [[w:Bojnord]]
	[&quot;Qazvin, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QA, capital [[w:Qazvin]]
	[&quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QM, capital [[w:Qom]]
	[&quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation RK, capital [[w:Mashhad]]
	[&quot;Semnan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SE, capital [[w:Semnan, อิหร่าน|Semnan]]
	[&quot;Sistan and Baluchestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SB, capital [[w:Zahedan]]
	[&quot;South Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SK, capital [[w:Birjand]]
	[&quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation TE, capital [[w:Tehran]]
	[&quot;West Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation WA, capital [[w:Urmia]]
	[&quot;Yazd, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation YA, capital [[w:Yazd]]
	[&quot;Zanjan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation ZA, capital [[w:Zanjan, อิหร่าน|Zanjan]]
}

-- provinces of Iran
export.iran_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, อิหร่าน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, อิหร่าน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อิหร่าน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There aren't nearly enough counties of Iran currently entered in any language to allow for categorizing them
	-- per-province. (As of 2025-05-09, there are only 6 counties in each of [[Category:en:Counties of Iran]],
	-- [[Category:fa:Counties of Iran]] and [[Category:ar:Counties of Iran]].)
	-- default_divs = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.iran_provinces,
}

export.ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Carlow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cavan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Clare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Donegal, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Galway, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kerry, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kildare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kilkenny, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Laois, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Leitrim, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Limerick, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Longford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Louth, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Meath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Monaghan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Offaly, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Roscommon, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Sligo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Tipperary, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Waterford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Westmeath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wexford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wicklow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
}

local function make_irish_type_key_to_placename(container_pattern)
	return function(key)
		key = key:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
		local elliptical_key = key:gsub(&quot;^County &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		return key, elliptical_key
	end
end

local function make_irish_type_placename_to_key(container_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		if not placename:find(&quot;^County &quot;) and not placename:find(&quot;^City &quot;) then
			placename = &quot;County &quot; .. placename
		end
		return placename .. container_suffix
	end
end

-- counties of Ireland
export.ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.ireland_counties,
}

export.italy_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Abruzzo, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aosta Valley, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Apulia, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Basilicata, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Calabria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campania, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Emilia-Romagna, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lazio, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liguria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lombardy, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marche, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Molise, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piedmont, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sardinia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sicily, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tuscany, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Umbria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veneto, Italy&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of Italy
export.italy_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อิตาลี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.italy_administrative_regions,
}

-- table of Japanese prefectures; interpolated into the main 'places' table, but also needed separately
export.japan_prefectures = {
	[&quot;ไอจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อากิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อาโอโมริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จิบะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เอฮิเมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูอิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กิฟุ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กุมมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮิโรชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮกไกโด, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {divs = &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, wp = &quot;ฮกไกโด&quot;},
	[&quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Hyogo, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;อิบารากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิชิกาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิวาเตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คาโงชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คานางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Kochi, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;คูมาโมโตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เกียวโต, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิเอะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยางิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาโนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นาระ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นีงาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Oita, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;โอกายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอกินาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอซากะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซางะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไซตามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิมาเนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิซูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทจิงิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ทตโตริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทยามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;วากายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางูจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามานาชิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
}

-- prefectures of Japan
export.japan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.japan_prefectures,
}

export.laos_provinces = {
	[&quot;Attapeu Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bokeo Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bolikhamxai Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Champasak Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Houaphanh Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khammouane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Namtha Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Prabang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oudomxay Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Phongsaly Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salavan Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Savannakhet Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Prefecture, Laos&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;prefecture&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Sainyabuli Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sekong Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xaisomboun Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xiangkhouang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
}

local function laos_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Vientiane Prefecture&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; Province$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; Province, Laos&quot;
end

-- provinces of Laos
export.laos_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Laos$&quot;, {&quot; Province$&quot;, &quot; Prefecture$&quot;}),
	placename_to_key = laos_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Laos&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;%e province&quot;,
	data = export.laos_provinces,
}

export.lebanon_governorates = {
	[&quot;Akkar Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beirut Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	-- These two are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of `gov/North Governorate` or
	-- `gov/South Governorate` with `c/Lebanon`.
	[&quot;North Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;South Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- governorates of Lebanon
export.lebanon_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Lebanon$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Lebanon&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.lebanon_governorates,
}

export.malaysia_states = {
	[&quot;Johor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kedah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kelantan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Malacca, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pahang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perlis, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sabah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sarawak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Selangor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Terengganu, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Malaysia
export.malaysia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.malaysia_states,
}

export.malta_regions = {
	-- Some of the regions are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of e.g.
	-- `r/Northern Region` with `c/Malta`. In particular;
	-- * &quot;Eastern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Iceland, Nigeria, Venezuela, North Macedonia and
	--   El Salvador;
	-- * &quot;Northern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria, Canada and South Africa;
	-- * &quot;Western Region&quot; also occurs at least in Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, South Africa, Ghana, Iceland, Nepal, Nigeria,
	--   Serbia and Uganda;
	-- * &quot;Southern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Nigeria, Eritrea, Iceland, ไอร์แลนด์, Malawi and Serbia.
	[&quot;Eastern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Gozo Region, Malta&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Port Region, Malta&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Western Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- regions of Malta
export.malta_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Malta$&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Malta&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Malta&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	default_the = true,
	data = export.malta_regions,
}

export.mexico_states = {
	[&quot;Aguascalientes, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	-- not display-canonicalizing because the &quot;Norte&quot; could be for emphasis
	[&quot;Baja California Norte, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Baja California Sur, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campeche, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chiapas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chihuahua, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Coahuila, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colima, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Durango, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guanajuato, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guerrero, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hidalgo, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jalisco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- [&quot;Mexico City, Mexico&quot;] = {}, doesn't belong here because it's a city
	[&quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michoacan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Morelos, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nayarit, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo Leon, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Oaxaca, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Puebla, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queretaro, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Quintana Roo, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Sinaloa, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sonora, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tabasco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tamaulipas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tlaxcala, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veracruz, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zacatecas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
}

-- Mexican states
export.mexico_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_states,
}

export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units = {
	[&quot;Anenii Noi District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Anenii Noi]]
	[&quot;Basarabeasca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Basarabeasca]]
	[&quot;Briceni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Briceni]]
	[&quot;Cahul District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cahul]]
	[&quot;Cantemir District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cantemir, Moldova|Cantemir]]
	[&quot;Călărași District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Călărași, Moldova|Călărași]]
	[&quot;Căușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Căușeni]]
	[&quot;Cimișlia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cimișlia]]
	[&quot;Criuleni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Criuleni]]
	[&quot;Dondușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dondușeni]]
	[&quot;Drochia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Drochia]]
	[&quot;Dubăsari District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cocieri]]
	[&quot;Edineț District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Edineț]]
	[&quot;Fălești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Fălești]]
	[&quot;Florești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Florești, Moldova|Florești]]
	[&quot;Glodeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Glodeni]]
	[&quot;Hîncești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hîncești]]
	[&quot;Ialoveni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ialoveni]]
	[&quot;Leova District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Leova]]
	[&quot;Nisporeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nisporeni]]
	[&quot;Ocnița District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ocnița]]
	[&quot;Orhei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Orhei]]
	[&quot;Rezina District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rezina]]
	[&quot;Rîșcani District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rîșcani]]
	[&quot;Sîngerei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sîngerei]]
	[&quot;Soroca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Soroca]]
	[&quot;Strășeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Strășeni]]
	[&quot;Șoldănești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Șoldănești]]
	[&quot;Ștefan Vodă District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ștefan Vodă]]
	[&quot;Taraclia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Taraclia]]
	[&quot;Telenești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Telenești]]
	[&quot;Ungheni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ungheni]]
	[&quot;Chișinău, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Bălți, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gagauzia, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Comrat]]
	-- the remainder are under the de-facto control of the unrecognized state of Transnistria
	[&quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Tighina, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;},
	[&quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Tiraspol]]
	[&quot;Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
}

local function moldova_placename_to_key(placename)
	local elliptical_key = placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	if export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units[elliptical_key] then
		return elliptical_key
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Moldova&quot;
end

-- Moldovan districts (raions) and autonomous territorial units
export.moldova_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Moldova$&quot;, &quot; District&quot;),
	placename_to_key = moldova_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Moldova&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;raion&quot;},
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units,
}

export.morocco_regions = {
	[&quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;L'Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra&quot;},
	[&quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra&quot;},
	[&quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Marrakesh–Safi&quot;}, -- WP title has en-dash
	[&quot;Marrakech-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Drâa-Tafilalet&quot;},
	[&quot;Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guelmim-Oued Noun, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies partly within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;
	},
	[&quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {
		wp = &quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra&quot;,
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies almost completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
}

-- regions of Morocco
export.morocco_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Morocco&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.morocco_regions,
}

export.egypt_governorates = {
	[&quot;Cairo Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giza Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sharqia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beheira Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minya Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sohag Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alexandria Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gharbia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asyut Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Monufia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faiyum Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qena Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Damietta Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aswan Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ismailia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luxor Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suez Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Port Said Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Matrouh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Red Sea Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Valley Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
}

-- governorates of Egypt
export.egypt_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Egypt$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Egypt&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.egypt_governorates,
}

export.netherlands_provinces = {
	[&quot;Drenthe, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Flevoland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friesland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gelderland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Groningen, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Limburg, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	-- Foreign forms get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Noord-Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Noord-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Overijssel, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zuid-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Utrecht, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Zeeland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of the Netherlands
export.netherlands_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.netherlands_provinces,
}

export.new_zealand_regions = {
	-- North Island regions
	[&quot;Northland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NTL, number 1, capital [[Whangārei]]
	[&quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-AUK, number 2, capital [[Auckland]]
	[&quot;Waikato, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WKO, number 3, capital [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]]
	[&quot;Bay of Plenty, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-BOP, number 4, capital [[Whakatāne]]
	[&quot;Gisborne, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-GIS, number 5, capital [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]]
	[&quot;Hawke's Bay, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-HKB, number 6, capital [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]]
	[&quot;Taranaki, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TKI, number 7, capital [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]]
	[&quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MWT, number 8, capital [[Palmerston North]]
	[&quot;Manawatu-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Wellington, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WGN, number 9, capital [[Wellington]]
	-- South Island regions
	[&quot;Tasman, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TAS, number 10, capital [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]]
	[&quot;Nelson, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, is_city = true}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NSN, number 11, capital [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]
	[&quot;Marlborough, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MBH, number 12, capital [[Blenheim, New Zealand|Blenheim]]
	[&quot;West Coast, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WTC, number 13, capital [[Greymouth]]
	[&quot;Canterbury, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-CAN, number 14, capital [[Christchurch]]
	[&quot;Otago, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-OTA, number 15, capital [[Dunedin]]
	[&quot;Southland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-STL, number 16, capital [[Invercargill]]
}

-- regions of New Zealand
export.new_zealand_group = {
	default_container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.new_zealand_regions,
}

export.nigeria_states = {
	[&quot;Abia State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Adamawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Anambra State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bauchi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bayelsa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benue State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Borno State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cross River State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Delta State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ebonyi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Edo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ekiti State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Enugu State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;] = {
		-- not a state but allow it to be referenced as one in holonyms
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, the = true, wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Gombe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Imo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jigawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaduna State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kano State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Katsina State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kebbi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kogi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kwara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lagos State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nasarawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Niger State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ogun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ondo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Osun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oyo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Plateau State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rivers State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sokoto State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taraba State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yobe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamfara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Nigeria
export.nigeria_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Nigeria$&quot;, &quot; State$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Nigeria&quot;, &quot; State&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_states,
}

export.north_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;Chagang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kangwon Province, North Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ryanggang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of North Korea
export.north_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, North Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, North Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;North Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.north_korea_provinces,
}

export.norwegian_counties = {
	[&quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rogaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Møre og Romsdal, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nordland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Østfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akershus, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Buskerud, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Innlandet
	-- [&quot;Hedmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Oppland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Innlandet, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Telemark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Agder
	-- [&quot;Aust-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Vest-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Vestland
	-- [&quot;Hordaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sogn og Fjordane, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Trøndelag, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Troms, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Finnmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Norway
export.norway_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.norwegian_counties,
}

export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Balochistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		divs = {}, -- no divisions
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	-- Islamabad is an accepted alias for Islamabad Capital Territory given the above placetypes
	[&quot;Islamabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Punjab, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Sindh, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and territories of Pakistan
export.pakistan_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Pakistan&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;divisions&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.philippines_provinces = {
	[&quot;Abra, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Agusan del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agusan del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aklan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Albay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Antique, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Apayao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aurora, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Basilan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bataan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batangas, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benguet, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Biliran, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bohol, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bukidnon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bulacan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cagayan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camiguin, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Capiz, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Catanduanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cavite, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cebu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao de Oro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dinagat Islands, Philippines&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Eastern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guimaras, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ifugao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iloilo, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Isabela, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Kalinga, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Union, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Laguna, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Lanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marinduque, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Masbate, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mountain Province, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Ecija, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occidental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Palawan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pampanga, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pangasinan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quezon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quirino, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rizal, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Romblon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sarangani, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Siquijor, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sorsogon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sultan Kudarat, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sulu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tarlac, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tawi-Tawi, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zambales, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	-- not a province but treated as one; allow it to be referred to as a province in holonyms
	[&quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
}

-- provinces of the Philippines
export.philippines_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Philippines&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;},
	data = export.philippines_provinces,
}

export.poland_voivodeships = {
	[&quot;Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr DS, code 02, capital Wrocław
	[&quot;Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr KP, code 04, capital Bydgoszcz (seat of voivode), Toruń (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lublin Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LU, code 06, capital Lublin
	[&quot;Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LB, code 08, capital Gorzów Wielkopolski (seat of voivode), Zielona Góra (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Łódź Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr LD, code 10, capital Łódź
	[&quot;Łódź Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MA, code 12, capital Kraków
	[&quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MZ, code 14, capital Warsaw
	[&quot;Opole Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr OP, code 16, capital Opole
	[&quot;Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PK, code 18, capital Rzeszów
	[&quot;Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PD, code 20, capital Białystok
	[&quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PM, code 22, capital Gdańsk
	[&quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr SL, code 24, capital Katowice
	[&quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr SK, code 26, capital Kielce
	[&quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WN, code 28, capital Olsztyn
	[&quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WP, code 30, capital Poznań
	[&quot;West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr ZP, code 32, capital Szczecin
}

-- voivodeships of Poland
export.poland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Poland$&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Poland&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Poland&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, -- not enough of them currently
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	},
	data = export.poland_voivodeships,
}

export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions = {
	[&quot;Azores, Portugal&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Aveiro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beja District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Braga District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bragança District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castelo Branco District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Coimbra District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Évora District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guarda District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leiria District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisboa District, Portugal&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Madeira, Portugal&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portalegre District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santarém District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Setúbal District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viana do Castelo District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vila Real District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viseu District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
}

local function portugal_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Azores&quot; or placename == &quot;Madeira&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Portugal&quot;
end

-- districts and autonomous regions of Portugal
export.portugal_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Portugal$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = portugal_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Portugal&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;district&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.romania_counties = {
	[&quot;Alba County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arad County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Argeș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bacău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bihor County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Botoșani County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brașov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brăila County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	-- Bucharest: not in a county
	[&quot;Buzău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Caraș-Severin County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cluj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Constanța County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Covasna County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Călărași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dolj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dâmbovița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galați County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giurgiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Harghita County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunedoara County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ialomița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilfov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maramureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mehedinți County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Neamț County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Olt County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Prahova County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satu Mare County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sibiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suceava County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sălaj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Teleorman County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Timiș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tulcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vaslui County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vrancea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vâlcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Romania
export.romania_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Romania$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Romania&quot;, &quot; County&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Romania&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.romania_counties,
}

local function make_russia_federal_subject_spec(spectype, use_the, wp)
	return {
		placetype = spectype,
		the = not not use_the,
		bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, spectype .. &quot;s&quot;},
		wp = wp,
	}
end

local russia_autonomous_okrug_no_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;}}
local russia_autonomous_okrug_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;},
	 the = true}
local russia_krai = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;krai&quot;)
local russia_oblast = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;)
local russia_republic_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, &quot;use the&quot;)
local russia_republic_no_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;)
export.russia_federal_subjects = {
	-- autonomous oblasts
	[&quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;},
		 bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;}},
	-- autonomous okrugs
	[&quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Chukotka, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khantia-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yugra, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Nenetsia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Yamalia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	-- krais
	[&quot;Altai Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Kamchatka Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Khabarovsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Primorsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Stavropol Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	-- oblasts
	[&quot;Amur Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Astrakhan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Belgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Bryansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Irkutsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ivanovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaluga Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kemerovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kirov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kostroma Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kurgan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kursk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Leningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Lipetsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Magadan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Moscow Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Murmansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Omsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Orenburg Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Oryol Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Penza Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Pskov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Rostov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ryazan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sakhalin Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Samara Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Saratov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Smolensk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tambov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tomsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tula Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tver Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tyumen Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vladimir Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Volgograd Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vologda Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Voronezh Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	-- republics
	--
	-- We only need to include cases that aren't just shortened versions of the full federal subject name (i.e. where
	-- words like &quot;Republic&quot; and &quot;Oblast&quot; are omitted but the name is not otherwise modified; these are handled by
	-- key_to_placename). Non-display-canonicalizing aliases are generally due to differences in the presence or absence
	-- of &quot;the&quot;.
	[&quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Adygea, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkiria, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Karelia&quot;),
	[&quot;Republic of Karelia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;North Ossetia–Alania&quot;), -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Altai Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	[&quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chechen Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chuvash Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkariya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;,
		display = &quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Komi, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Komi Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Komi Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Komi, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Mari El Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Sakha Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yakutiya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;,
		the = true},
	[&quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Tyva, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Tyva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display= &quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Udmurt Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	-- Not included due to being unrecognized and only partly controlled:
	-- [&quot;Crimea, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Crimea (Russia)&quot;)
	-- [&quot;Donetsk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Luhansk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Zaporozhye Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast&quot;),
	-- [&quot;Kherson Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast&quot;),
	-- There are also federal cities (not included because they're cities):
	-- Moscow, Saint Petersburg; Sevastopol (unrecognized; same status as for &quot;Crimea, Russia&quot; above)
}

local function russia_key_to_placename(key)
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local full_placename = key
	if key == &quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast&quot; then
		return full_placename, full_placename
	end
	local elliptical_placename
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		elliptical_placename = key:match(&quot;^(.*) &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;$&quot;)
		if elliptical_placename then
			return full_placename, elliptical_placename
		end
	end
	return full_placename, full_placename
end

local function russia_placename_to_key(placename)
	local key = placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
	if export.russia_federal_subjects[key] then
		return key
	end
	-- We allow the user to say e.g. &quot;obl/Samara&quot; in place of &quot;obl/Samara Oblast&quot;.
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		local suffixed_key = placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
		if export.russia_federal_subjects[suffixed_key] then
			return suffixed_key
		end
	end
	return placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
end

local function construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc(group, key, spec)
	local placename = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local linked_placename = export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename)
	local placetype = spec.placetype
	if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
		placetype = placetype[1]
	end
	if placetype == &quot;oblast&quot; then
		-- Hack: Oblasts generally don't have entries under &quot;Foo Oblast&quot;
		-- but just under &quot;Foo&quot;, so fix the linked key appropriately;
		-- doesn't apply to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
		linked_placename = linked_placename:gsub(&quot; Oblast%]%]&quot;, &quot;%]%] Oblast&quot;)
	end
	return linked_placename .. &quot;, a [[federal subject]] ([[&quot; .. placetype .. &quot;]]) of [[Russia]]&quot;
end

-- federal subjects of Russia
export.russia_group = {
	key_to_placename = russia_key_to_placename,
	placename_to_key = russia_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_keydesc = construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;federal subjects of Russia&quot;, &quot;+++&quot;},
	data = export.russia_federal_subjects,
}

export.saudi_arabia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	-- Name is too generic to assume it's in Saudi Arabia if not specified.
	[&quot;Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Medina Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Asir&quot;},
	[&quot;Asir Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Qassim Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Ḥa'il Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ḥa'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Jawf Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Najran Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Borders Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Saudi Arabia
export.saudi_arabia_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Saudi Arabia$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_provinces,
}

export.south_africa_provinces = {
	[&quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Free State, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Limpopo, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mpumalanga, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	-- per Wikipedia and other sources, `North West` doesn't normally have `the` before it
	[&quot;North West, South Africa&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (South African province)&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- provinces of South Africa
export.south_africa_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Africa&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.south_africa_provinces,
}

export.south_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;North Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gangwon Province, South Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gyeonggi Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jeju Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of South Korea
export.south_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_provinces,
}

export.spain_autonomous_communities = {
	[&quot;Andalusia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aragon, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asturias, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Balearic Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Basque Country, Spain&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (autonomous community)&quot;},
	[&quot;Canary Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Cantabria, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castile and León, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castilla-La Mancha, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Castilla–La Mancha&quot;}, -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Catalonia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Community of Madrid, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Extremadura, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galicia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Spain)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Rioja, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Murcia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Region of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;Navarre, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Valencian Community&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencian Community, Spain&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;, the = true},
}

-- autonomous communities of Spain
export.spain_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Spain&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;comarcas&quot;},
	data = export.spain_autonomous_communities,
}

export.taiwan_counties = {
	[&quot;จางฮว่า, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เจียอี้, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซินจู๋, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮวาเหลียน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จินเหมิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะจินเหมิน&quot;},
	[&quot;เหลียนเจียง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะหมาจู่&quot;},
	[&quot;เหมียวลี่, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;หนานโถว, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เผิงหู, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;เผิงหู&quot;},
	[&quot;ผิงตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไถตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อี๋หลาน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;ยฺหวินหลิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Taiwan
export.taiwan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไต้หวัน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_counties,
}

export.thailand_provinces = { --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
    -- กรุงเทพมหานคร (Bangkok - special administrative area)
    [&quot;อำนาจเจริญ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อ่างทอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บึงกาฬ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บุรีรัมย์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ฉะเชิงเทรา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยนาท, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยภูมิ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;จันทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงใหม่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงราย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชลบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชุมพร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาฬสินธุ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กำแพงเพชร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาญจนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ขอนแก่น, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กระบี่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำปาง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำพูน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เลย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลพบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แม่ฮ่องสอน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มหาสารคาม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มุกดาหาร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครนายก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครปฐม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครพนม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครราชสีมา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครสวรรค์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครศรีธรรมราช, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;น่าน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นราธิวาส, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองบัวลำภู, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองคาย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นนทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปทุมธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปัตตานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พังงา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พัทลุง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พะเยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบูรณ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิจิตร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิษณุโลก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พระนครศรีอยุธยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แพร่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ภูเก็ต, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปราจีนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ประจวบคีรีขันธ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระนอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ราชบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระยอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ร้อยเอ็ด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระแก้ว, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สกลนคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรปราการ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสาคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสงคราม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สตูล, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สิงห์บุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ศรีสะเกษ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สงขลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุโขทัย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุพรรณบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุราษฎร์ธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุรินทร์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตาก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตรัง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตราด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุบลราชธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุดรธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุทัยธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุตรดิตถ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยะลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยโสธร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Thailand
export.thailand_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไทย$&quot;), --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไทย&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไทย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.thailand_provinces,
}

export.turkey_provinces = {
	[&quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 01
	[&quot;Adıyaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 02
	[&quot;Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 03
	[&quot;Ağrı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 04
	[&quot;Amasya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 05
	[&quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 06
	[&quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 07
	[&quot;Artvin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 08
	[&quot;Aydın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 09
	[&quot;Balıkesir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 10
	[&quot;Bilecik Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 11
	[&quot;Bingöl Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 12
	[&quot;Bitlis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 13
	[&quot;Bolu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 14
	[&quot;Burdur Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 15
	[&quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 16
	[&quot;Çanakkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 17
	[&quot;Çankırı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 18
	[&quot;Çorum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 19
	[&quot;Denizli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 20
	[&quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 21
	[&quot;Edirne Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 22
	[&quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 23
	[&quot;Elâzığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Erzincan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 24
	[&quot;Erzurum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 25
	[&quot;Eskişehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 26
	[&quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 27
	[&quot;Giresun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 28
	[&quot;Gümüşhane Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 29
	[&quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 30
	[&quot;Hakkari Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hatay Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 31
	[&quot;Isparta Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 32
	[&quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 33
	-- [&quot;Istanbul Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 34; this is coextensive with the city itself
	[&quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 35
	[&quot;Izmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kars Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 36
	[&quot;Kastamonu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 37
	[&quot;Kayseri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 38
	[&quot;Kırklareli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 39
	[&quot;Kırşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 40
	[&quot;Kocaeli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 41
	[&quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 42
	[&quot;Kütahya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 43
	[&quot;Malatya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 44
	[&quot;Manisa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 45
	[&quot;Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 46
	[&quot;Mardin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 47
	[&quot;Muğla Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 48
	[&quot;Muş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 49
	[&quot;Nevşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 50
	[&quot;Niğde Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 51
	[&quot;Ordu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 52
	[&quot;Rize Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 53
	[&quot;Sakarya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 54
	[&quot;Samsun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 55
	[&quot;Siirt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 56
	[&quot;Sinop Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 57
	[&quot;Sivas Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 58
	[&quot;Tekirdağ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 59
	[&quot;Tokat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 60
	[&quot;Trabzon Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 61
	[&quot;Tunceli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 62
	[&quot;Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 63
	[&quot;Uşak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 64
	[&quot;Van Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 65
	[&quot;Yozgat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 66
	[&quot;Zonguldak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 67
	[&quot;Aksaray Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 68
	[&quot;Bayburt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 69
	[&quot;Karaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 70
	[&quot;Kırıkkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 71
	[&quot;Batman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 72
	[&quot;Şırnak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 73
	[&quot;Bartın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 74
	[&quot;Ardahan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 75
	[&quot;Iğdır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 76
	[&quot;Yalova Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 77
	[&quot;Karabük Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 78
	[&quot;Kilis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 79
	[&quot;Osmaniye Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 80
	[&quot;Düzce Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 81
}

-- provinces of Turkey
export.turkey_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Turkey$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Turkey&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Turkey&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.turkey_provinces,
}

export.ukraine_oblasts = {
	[&quot;Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cherkasy]], license plate prefix CA, IA
	[&quot;Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernihiv]], license plate prefix CB, IB
	[&quot;Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernivtsi]], license plate prefix CE, IE
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Dnipro Oblast'
	[&quot;Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dnipro]], license plate prefix AE, KE
	[&quot;Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Donetsk]] ([[Kramatorsk]])'', license plate prefix AH, KH
	[&quot;Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], license plate prefix AT, KT
	[&quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kharkiv]], license plate prefix AX, KX
	[&quot;Kherson Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Kherson]]'', license plate prefix ''BT, HT''
	[&quot;Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Khmelnytskyi]], license plate prefix BX, HX
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Kropyvnytskyi Oblast'
	[&quot;Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kropyvnytskyi]], license plate prefix BA, HA
	[&quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kyiv]], license plate prefix AI, KI
	[&quot;Kiev Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Luhansk]] ([[Sievierodonetsk]])'', license plate prefix BB, HB
	[&quot;Lviv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lviv]], license plate prefix BC, HC
	[&quot;Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mykolaiv]], license plate prefix BE, HE
	[&quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Odesa]], license plate prefix BH, HH
	[&quot;Odessa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poltava Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Poltava]], license plate prefix BI, HI
	[&quot;Rivne Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rivne]], license plate prefix BK, HK
	[&quot;Sumy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sumy]], license plate prefix BM, HM
	[&quot;Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ternopil]], license plate prefix BO, HO
	[&quot;Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinnytsia]], license plate prefix AB, KB
	[&quot;Volyn Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lutsk]], license plate prefix AC, KC
	[&quot;Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Uzhhorod]], license plate prefix AO, KO
	[&quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Zaporizhzhia]]'', license plate prefix AP, KP
	[&quot;Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Zhytomyr]], license plate prefix AM, KM
}

-- oblasts of Ukraine
export.ukraine_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Ukraine$&quot;, &quot; Oblast$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Ukraine&quot;, &quot; Oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;},
	data = export.ukraine_oblasts,
}

export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries = {
	[&quot;England&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Northern Ireland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Scotland&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;council areas&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;districts&quot;,
	}},
	[&quot;Wales&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;county boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;Welsh communities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false}}},
	}},
}

-- constituent countries and provinces of the United Kingdom
export.united_kingdom_group = {
	placename_to_key = false,
	default_container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		&quot;traditional counties&quot;,
		{type = &quot;historical counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;traditional counties&quot;},
	},
	-- Don't create categories like 'Category:en:Towns in the United Kingdom'
	-- or 'Category:en:Places in the United Kingdom'.
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	data = export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries,
}

export.england_counties = {
	-- NOTE: We used to have various other &quot;no longer&quot; counties commented out, which seems to refer to counties that
	-- existed officially at some point between 1889 and 1974, which I have removed. I have only kept the three
	-- ceremonial counties that existed from 1974 (when ceremonial counties were created) to 1996, as well as those
	-- still considered &quot;historic counties&quot; per [[w:Historic counties of England]].
	-- [&quot;Avon, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Bedfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Berkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Brighton and Hove, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	-- [&quot;Bristol, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	[&quot;Buckinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cambridgeshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cheshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cleveland, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Cornwall, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cumberland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Cumbria, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Derbyshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Devon, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dorset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Durham, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Essex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gloucestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater London, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater Manchester, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Herefordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hertfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Humberside, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	-- [&quot;Huntingdonshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Isle of Wight, England&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Kent, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lancashire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leicestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lincolnshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Merseyside, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Middlesex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Norfolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northamptonshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northumberland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nottinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oxfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rutland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shropshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Somerset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Humberside, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staffordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suffolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surrey, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sussex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Tyne and Wear, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Warwickshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Midlands, England&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Westmorland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;West Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wiltshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Worcestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;East Riding of Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- counties of England
export.england_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		&quot;civil parishes&quot;,
	},
	data = export.england_counties,
}

export.northern_ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Antrim, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Armagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Belfast, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Belfast&quot;},
	[&quot;County Down, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Londonderry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Derry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Derry&quot;},
	[&quot;County Tyrone, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Northern Ireland
export.northern_ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, Northern Ireland$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;),
	default_container = {key = &quot;Northern Ireland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.northern_ireland_counties,
}

export.scotland_council_areas = {
	[&quot;Aberdeenshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Angus, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Argyll and Bute, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Aberdeen&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Dundee&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Glasgow&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Clackmannanshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Falkirk, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Fife, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Inverclyde, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Midlothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Moray, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Orkney Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Perth and Kinross, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Scottish Borders, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Shetland Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;South Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Stirling, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;West Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Outer Hebrides&quot;},
	[&quot;Na h-Eileanan Siar, Scotland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;},
}

-- council areas of Scotland
export.scotland_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;council area&quot;,
	data = export.scotland_council_areas,
}

export.wales_principal_areas = {
	[&quot;Blaenau Gwent, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bridgend, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Caerphilly, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Cardiff, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Carmarthenshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Ceredigion, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Conwy, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Denbighshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Flintshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gwynedd, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Merthyr Tydfil, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Monmouthshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Neath Port Talbot, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Newport, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Pembrokeshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Powys, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Swansea, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Torfaen, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vale of Glamorgan, Wales&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Wrexham, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
}

-- principal areas (cities, counties and county boroughs) of Wales
export.wales_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	data = export.wales_principal_areas,
}

export.united_states_states = {
	[&quot;Alabama, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alaska, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;borough seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Arizona, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arkansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;California, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colorado, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Connecticut, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Delaware, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Florida, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Georgia, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (U.S. state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hawaii, USA&quot;] = {addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;}},
	[&quot;Idaho, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Illinois, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Indiana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iowa, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kentucky, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Louisiana, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Maine, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maryland, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Massachusetts, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michigan, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minnesota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mississippi, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Missouri, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Montana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nebraska, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nevada, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Hampshire, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Jersey, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;New Mexico, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New York, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ohio, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oklahoma, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oregon, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pennsylvania, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Rhode Island, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tennessee, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Texas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Utah, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vermont, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Washington, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wisconsin, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wyoming, USA&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of the United States
export.united_states_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, USA&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	data = export.united_states_states,
}

export.vietnam_provinces = {
	-- [[Northeast (Vietnam)|Northeast]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Giang]]
	[&quot;Bắc Kạn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Kạn]]
	[&quot;Cao Bằng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Bằng]]
	[&quot;Hà Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Giang]]
	[&quot;Lạng Sơn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lạng Sơn]]
	[&quot;Phú Thọ, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Việt Trì]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hạ Long]]
	[&quot;Thái Nguyên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Nguyên]]
	[&quot;Tuyên Quang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuyên Quang]]

	-- [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]] region
	[&quot;Lào Cai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lào Cai]]
	[&quot;Yên Bái, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Yên Bái]]
	[&quot;Điện Biên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Điện Biên Phủ]]
	[&quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hoà Bình City|Hoà Bình]]
	[&quot;Hòa Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lai Châu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lai Châu]]
	[&quot;Sơn La, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sơn La]]

	-- [[Red River Delta]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Ninh]]
	[&quot;Hà Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phủ Lý]]
	[&quot;Hải Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hải Dương]]
	[&quot;Hưng Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hưng Yên]]
	[&quot;Nam Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nam Định]]
	[&quot;Ninh Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ninh Bình|Hoa Lư]]
	[&quot;Thái Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Bình]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Phúc, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Yên]]
	-- [&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hoàn Kiếm district]]
	-- [&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hồng Bàng district]]

	-- [[North Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Hà Tĩnh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Tĩnh]]
	[&quot;Nghệ An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinh]]
	[&quot;Quảng Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Hới]]
	[&quot;Quảng Trị, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đông Hà]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thanh Hoá]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hóa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	-- [&quot;Hue&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- capital [[Thuận Hoá district]]

	-- [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]] region
	[&quot;Đắk Lắk, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Buôn Ma Thuột]]
	[&quot;Đăk Nông, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Gia Nghĩa]]
	[&quot;Gia Lai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Pleiku]]
	[&quot;Kon Tum, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kon Tum]]
	[&quot;Lâm Đồng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đà Lạt]]

	-- [[South Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Bình Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quy Nhon]]
	[&quot;Bình Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Thiết]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nha Trang]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hòa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ninh Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm]]
	[&quot;Phú Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuy Hoà]]
	[&quot;Quảng Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tam Kỳ]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ngãi, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quảng Ngãi]]
	-- [&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hải Châu district]]

	-- [[Southeast (Vietnam)|Southeast]] region
	[&quot;Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bà Rịa]]
	[&quot;Bình Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thủ Dầu Một]]
	[&quot;Bình Phước, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Xoài]]
	[&quot;Đồng Nai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Biên Hoà]]
	[&quot;Tây Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tây Ninh]]
	-- [&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[District 1, Ho Chi Minh City|'''District 1''']]

	-- [[Mekong Delta]] region
	[&quot;An Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Long Xuyên]]
	[&quot;Bạc Liêu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bạc Liêu]]
	[&quot;Bến Tre, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bến Tre]]
	[&quot;Cà Mau, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cà Mau]]
	[&quot;Đồng Tháp, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Lãnh City|Cao Lãnh]]
	[&quot;Hậu Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vị Thanh]]
	[&quot;Kiên Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rạch Giá]]
	[&quot;Long An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tân An]]
	[&quot;Sóc Trăng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sóc Trăng]]
	[&quot;Tiền Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mỹ Tho]]
	[&quot;Trà Vinh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Trà Vinh]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Long, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Long]]
	-- [&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
}

-- provinces of Vietnam
export.vietnam_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, เวียดนาม$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_provinces,
}


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                      City data                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_cities = {
	[&quot;Adelaide&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Australia&quot;}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brisbane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Queensland&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Conglomeration; including the Gold Coast [750,997 2024 estiamte])
	[&quot;Canberra&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}}, -- 510,641 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Melbourne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Victoria&quot;}, -- 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 534,033 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;},
	[&quot;Perth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Western Australia&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Sydney&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;}, -- 5,100,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.australia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.australia_cities,
}

export.brazil_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;São Paulo&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 22,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Guarulhos)
	[&quot;Sao Paulo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;}, -- 13,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Belo Horizonte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minas Gerais&quot;}, -- 5,300,000
	[&quot;Recife&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pernambuco&quot;}, -- 4,100,000
	[&quot;Porto Alegre&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Sul&quot;}, -- 3,950,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Brasília&quot;] = {container = &quot;Distrito Federal&quot;}, -- 3,850,000
	[&quot;Brasilia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Brasília&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fortaleza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ceará&quot;}, -- 3,825,000
	[&quot;Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bahia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;}, -- 3,400,000
	[&quot;Curitiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 3,375,000
	[&quot;Campinas&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 3,250,000
	[&quot;Goiânia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Goiás&quot;}, -- 2,525,000
	[&quot;Goiania&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Goiânia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manaus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Amazonas&quot;}, -- 2,275,000
	[&quot;Belém&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pará&quot;}, -- 2,200,000
	[&quot;Belem&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Belém&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Vitória&quot;] = {container = &quot;Espírito Santo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000
	[&quot;Vitoria&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vitória&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,760,000
	[&quot;São Luís&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maranhão&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,530,000
	[&quot;Sao Luis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Luís&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Natal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Norte&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Florianópolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Santa Catarina&quot;}, -- 1,260,000
	[&quot;Florianopolis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Florianópolis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maceió&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alagoas&quot;}, -- 1,220,000
	[&quot;Maceio&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Maceió&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;João Pessoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraíba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,210,000
	[&quot;Joao Pessoa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;João Pessoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São José dos Campos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Sao Jose dos Campos&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São José dos Campos&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Londrina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 1,050,000
	[&quot;Teresina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piauí&quot;}, -- 1,040,000
}

export.brazil_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, บราซิล&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_cities,
}

export.canada_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Toronto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 7,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Hamilton)
	[&quot;Montreal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 4,500,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Vancouver&quot;] = {container = &quot;British Columbia&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Calgary&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Edmonton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,460,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Ottawa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quebec City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 839,311 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Winnipeg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Manitoba&quot;}, -- 834,678 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Hamilton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 785,184 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Kitchener&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 575,847 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
}

export.canada_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.canada_cities,
}

export.france_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Paris&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 11,500,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 2,050,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyons&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lyon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Marseille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Marseilles&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marseille&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Bordeaux&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Toulouse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Nice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;},
	[&quot;Nantes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;},
	[&quot;Strasbourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;},
	[&quot;Rennes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;},
}

export.france_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.france_cities,
}

export.germany_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	-- listed under Rhein-Ruhr Area, total population 10,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cologne&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Köln&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cologne&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Dusseldorf&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Düsseldorf&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dortmund&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Essen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Duisberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {}, -- 4,700,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hesse&quot;}, -- 3,225,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt am Main&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Frankfurt&quot;}, -- not a display alias as it's longer
	[&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {}, -- 2,900,000
	[&quot;Munich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Stuttgart&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Mannheim&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 1,550,000
	[&quot;Nuremberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 1,120,000
	[&quot;Hanover&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Bielefeld&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Leipzig&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Aachen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,000,000
	[&quot;Aix-la-Chapelle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aachen&quot;}, -- historical; not a display alias
	[&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {},
}

export.germany_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เยอรมนี&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.germany_cities,
}

export.india_cities = {
	-- This lists the 65 metro areas per Demographia's 2023 estimates, as found in
	-- [[w:List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India]]. The last census in India (as of April 2025) was
	-- conducted in 2011, and the results are not accurate any more.
	[&quot;Delhi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 31,190,000
	[&quot;Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 25,189,000
	[&quot;Kolkata&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 21,747,000
	[&quot;Bangalore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Bengaluru&quot;}, -- 15,257,000
	[&quot;Bengaluru&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bangalore&quot;},
	[&quot;Chennai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 11,570,000
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Telangana&quot;}, -- 9,797,000
	[&quot;Ahmedabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 8,006,000
	[&quot;Pune&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 6,819,000
	[&quot;Surat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 6,601,000
	[&quot;Lucknow&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,661,000
	[&quot;Jaipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 4,360,000
	[&quot;Kanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,350,000
	[&quot;Indore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,765,000
	[&quot;Nagpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 3,493,000
	[&quot;Patna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bihar&quot;}, -- 3,331,000
	[&quot;Varanasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,229,000
	[&quot;Kozhikode&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 3,049,000
	[&quot;Thiruvananthapuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,851,000
	[&quot;Agra&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,737,000
	[&quot;Bhopal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,562,000
	[&quot;Coimbatore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,551,000
	[&quot;Allahabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;, wp = &quot;Prayagraj&quot;}, -- 2,438,000
	[&quot;Prayagraj&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Allahabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Kochi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,381,000
	[&quot;Ludhiana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,205,000
	[&quot;Vadodara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 2,182,000
	[&quot;Chandigarh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 2,168,000
	[&quot;Madurai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,048,000
	[&quot;Meerut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,011,000
	[&quot;Visakhapatnam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,005,000
	[&quot;Jamshedpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,925,000
	[&quot;Malappuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,868,000
	[&quot;Nashik&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,810,000
	[&quot;Asansol&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,720,000
	[&quot;Aligarh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,660,000
	[&quot;Ranchi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,638,000
	[&quot;Thrissur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,578,000
	[&quot;Kollam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,576,000
	[&quot;Jabalpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,533,000
	[&quot;Dhanbad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,503,000
	[&quot;Jodhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,497,000
	[&quot;Aurangabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,490,000
	[&quot;Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aurangabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 1,487,000
	[&quot;Gwalior&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,477,000
	[&quot;Raipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,429,000
	[&quot;Gorakhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,410,000
	[&quot;Kannur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Bareilly&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Guwahati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Assam&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Moradabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,345,000
	[&quot;Amritsar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,313,000
	[&quot;Mysore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;}, -- 1,296,000
	[&quot;Bhilai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,293,000
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Vijayawada&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,232,000
	[&quot;Srinagar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,212,000
	[&quot;Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,189,000
	[&quot;Kota&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,172,000
	[&quot;Jalandhar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,165,000
	[&quot;Saharanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,152,000
	[&quot;Dehradun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttarakhand&quot;}, -- 1,136,000
	[&quot;Tiruchirappalli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 1,131,000
	[&quot;Bhubaneswar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Odisha&quot;}, -- 1,112,000
	[&quot;Jammu&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,103,000
	[&quot;Solapur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,082,000
	[&quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Hubli–Dharwad&quot;}, -- 1,062,000; wp with en dash
	[&quot;Hubli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Dharwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Puducherry&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,024,000
	[&quot;Pondicherry&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry&quot;, display = true},
	-- satellite/secondary cities of metro area (none in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Ghaziabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,729,000 city, 2,358,525 urban agglomeration per 2011 census; 3,406,061 2025 estimate from official website; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Faridabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Haryana&quot;}, -- 1,414,050 city per 2011 census; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Thane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,841,488 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,246,381 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kalyan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,221,233 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Vasai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Virar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Navi Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,120,547 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Howrah&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,077,075 city (&quot;metropolis&quot;), 2,811,344 &quot;metro&quot; per 2011 census; part of Kolkata metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,727,692 per 2011 census; part of Pune metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri Chinchwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;, display = true},
}

export.india_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินเดีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.india_cities,
}

export.indonesia_cities = {
	-- cities where the city proper has more than 1,000,000 people as of mid-2023 estimate
	[&quot;Jakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;subdistricts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Surabaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Bekasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Bandung&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Medan&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Depok&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Palembang&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Semarang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Makassar&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sulawesi&quot;},
	[&quot;South Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Batam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;Bogor&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Pekanbaru&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau&quot;},
	[&quot;Bandar Lampung&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lampung&quot;},
	-- other metro areas over 1,000,000 people
	[&quot;Padang&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Samarinda&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Malang&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Denpasar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bali&quot;},
	[&quot;Cirebon&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Surakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Banjarmasin&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Tasikmalaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
}

export.indonesia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.indonesia_cities,
}

export.italy_cities = {
	-- Data per [[w:List_of_metropolitan_areas_of_Italy]]. There are several lists given; the most recent one, used
	-- here, only gives estimates as of Jan 1, 2014.
	[&quot;Milan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 6,623,798
	[&quot;Naples&quot;] = {container = &quot;Campania&quot;}, -- 5,294,546
	[&quot;Rome&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lazio&quot;}, -- 4,447,881
	[&quot;Turin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piedmont&quot;}, -- 1,865,284
	[&quot;Venice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Veneto&quot;}, -- 1,645,900
	[&quot;Florence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tuscany&quot;}, -- 1,485,030
	[&quot;Bari&quot;] = {container = &quot;Apulia&quot;}, -- 1,257,459
	[&quot;Palermo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 1,183,084
	-- include a few just below 1,000,000 metro area that may be above it by now (depending on the definition).
	[&quot;Catania&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 988,240
	[&quot;Brescia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 924,090
	[&quot;Genoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liguria&quot;}, -- 861,318
}

export.italy_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Italy&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.italy_cities,
}

export.japan_cities = {
	-- Population figures from [[w:List of cities in Japan]]. Metro areas from
	-- [[w:List of metropolitan areas in Japan]].
	[&quot;Tokyo&quot;] = {keydesc = &quot;[[Tokyo]] Metropolis, the [[capital city]] and a [[prefecture]] of [[Japan]] (which is a country in [[Asia]])&quot;,
		placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;},
		divs = {
			{type = &quot;special wards&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
			{type = &quot;cities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		},
	},
	[&quot;Yokohama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 3,697,894
	[&quot;Osaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 2,668,586
	[&quot;Nagoya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aichi&quot;}, -- 2,283,289
	-- FIXME, Hokkaido is handled specially.
	[&quot;Sapporo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hokkaido&quot;}, -- 1,918,096
	[&quot;Fukuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 1,581,527
	[&quot;Kobe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hyōgo&quot;}, -- 1,530,847
	[&quot;Kyoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyoto&quot;}, -- 1,474,570
	[&quot;Kawasaki&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 1,373,630
	[&quot;Saitama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saitama&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,192,418
	[&quot;Hiroshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hiroshima&quot;}, -- 1,163,806
	[&quot;Sendai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Miyagi&quot;}, -- 1,029,552
	-- the remaining cities are considered &quot;central cities&quot; in a 1,000,000+ metro area
	-- (sometimes there is more than one central city in the area).
	[&quot;Kitakyushu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 986,998
	[&quot;Chiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chiba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 938,695
	[&quot;Sakai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 835,333
	[&quot;Niigata&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niigata&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 813,053
	[&quot;Hamamatsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;}, -- 811,431
	[&quot;Shizuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 710,944
	[&quot;Sagamihara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 706,342
	[&quot;Okayama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Okayama&quot;}, -- 701,293
	[&quot;Kumamoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kumamoto&quot;}, -- 670,348
	[&quot;Kagoshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kagoshima&quot;}, -- 605,196
	-- skipped 6 cities (Funabashi, Hachiōji, Kawaguchi, Himeji, Matsuyama, Higashiōsaka)
	-- with population in the range 509k - 587k because not central cities in any
	-- 1,000,000+ metro area.
	[&quot;Utsunomiya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tochigi&quot;}, -- 507,833
}

export.japan_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.japan_cities,
}

export.mexico_cities = {
	[&quot;Mexico City&quot;] = {}, -- its own state
	[&quot;Monterrey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nuevo León&quot;},
	[&quot;Guadalajara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jalisco&quot;},
	[&quot;Puebla&quot;] = {container = &quot;Puebla&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Toluca&quot;] = {container = &quot;State of Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tijuana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
	-- Include the state in the category for León due to possible confusion with León, Spain.
	[&quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guanajuato&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;León&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;},
	[&quot;Leon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Querétaro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Queretaro&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chihuahua&quot;},
	[&quot;Juárez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Juarez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;, display = &quot;Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreón&quot;] = {container = &quot;Coahuila&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Torreón&quot;, display = true},
	-- Include the state in the category for Mérida due to possible confusion with Mérida, Spain or
	-- Mérida, Venezuela.
	[&quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yucatán&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mérida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;},
	[&quot;Merida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;] = {container = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aguascalientes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aguascalientes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Mexicali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
}

export.mexico_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Mexico&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_cities,
}

export.nigeria_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Lagos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lagos&quot;}, -- 21,300,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kano&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kano&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 5,350,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ibadan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oyo&quot;}, -- 3,400,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Abuja&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 3,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Port Harcourt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rivers&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kaduna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Benin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Edo&quot;}, -- 1,790,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Abia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Nigeria&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Onitsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anambra&quot;}, -- 1,230,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Maiduguri&quot;] = {container = &quot;Borno&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ilorin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kwara&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sokoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sokoto&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Jos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Plateau&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Zaria&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Enugu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Enugu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
}

export.nigeria_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; State, Nigeria&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_cities,
}

export.pakistan_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Karachi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;}, -- 21,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Lahore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 14,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Rawalpindi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Islamabad)
	[&quot;Islamabad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Rawalpindi)
	[&quot;Faisalabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 4,125,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gujranwala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	-- there is also Hyderabad in India (very confusing)
	[&quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Multan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,425,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Peshawar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quetta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Balochistan&quot;}, -- 1,720,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sargodha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sialkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.pakistan_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Pakistan&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_cities,
}

export.philippines_cities = {
	 -- Skipped some cities in Metro Manila (Taguig, Pasig) which don't have districts.
	 -- Other cities outside Metro Manila skipped as not central city in their urban area.
	[&quot;Quezon City&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Foo to Foo City as it may make the display weird.
	[&quot;Quezon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Quezon City&quot;},
	[&quot;Manila&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Davao City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Davao del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Davao&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Davao City&quot;},
	[&quot;Caloocan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zamboanga City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zamboanga del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Zamboanga&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zamboanga City&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cebu&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cebu City&quot;},
	[&quot;Antipolo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rizal&quot;},
	[&quot;Cagayan de Oro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Misamis Oriental&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmariñas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cavite&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmarinas&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dasmariñas&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;General Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Cotabato&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose del Monte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bulacan&quot;},
	[&quot;Bacolod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Negros Occidental&quot;},
	[&quot;Calamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Laguna&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pampanga&quot;, wp = &quot;Angeles City&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Angeles&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Iloilo&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Iloilo City&quot;},
}

export.philippines_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Philippines&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.philippines_cities,
}

export.russia_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Moscow&quot;] = {}, --  18,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saint Petersburg&quot;] = {}, -- 6,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Novosibirsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Novosibirsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,820,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Yekaterinburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kazan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rostov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-na-Donu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Krasnodar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Samara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Samara Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ufa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,230,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saratov&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saratov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Omsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Omsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Voronezh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Voronezh Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Volgograd&quot;] = {container = &quot;Volgograd Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Perm&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Russia&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.russia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Russia&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.russia_cities,
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities = {
	-- Figures for the first five from [[w:List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia]] as of 2022. Unclear if these are
	-- metro, urban or city proper figures.
	[&quot;Riyadh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riyadh&quot;}, -- 7,000,100; 7,700,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jeddah&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 3,751,917; 3,950,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jedda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jiddah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jidda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dammam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 2,638,166; 2,925,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mecca&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 2,385,509; 2,675,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Makkah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecca&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Medina&quot;}, -- 1,477,023; 1,530,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (City)
	[&quot;Hofuf&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aseer&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushayt&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;, display = true},
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_cities,
}

export.south_korea_cities = {
	-- All cities listed are not associated with any county.
	[&quot;Seoul&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Busan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Incheon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daegu&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daejeon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gwangju&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ulsan&quot;] = {},
}

export.south_korea_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; County, South Korea&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_cities,
}

export.spain_cities = {
	[&quot;Madrid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Community of Madrid&quot;},
	[&quot;Barcelona&quot;] = {container = &quot;Catalonia&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Valencia&quot;},
	[&quot;Seville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andalusia&quot;},
	[&quot;Bilbao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Basque Country&quot;},
}

export.spain_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Spain&quot;, &quot;autonomous community&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.spain_cities,
}

export.taiwan_cities = {
	[&quot;New Taipei City&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Taipei&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New Taipei City&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Taichung&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaohsiung&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, ไต้หวัน&quot;},
	[&quot;Taipei&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taoyuan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tainan&quot;] = {},
	-- these last three are not special municipalities
	[&quot;Chiayi&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Hsinchu&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Keelung&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
}

export.taiwan_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot; to make the key
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_cities,
}

-- NOTE: It's OK to mix cities from different constituent countries; as long as the immediate container is correct,
-- everything else will be figured out.
export.united_kingdom_cities = {
	[&quot;London&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater London&quot;},
	[&quot;Manchester&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater Manchester&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Midlands&quot;},
	[&quot;Liverpool&quot;] = {container = &quot;Merseyside&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	[&quot;Leeds&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Yorkshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tyne and Wear&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;},
	[&quot;Bristol&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Cardiff&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portsmouth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hampshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	-- under 1,000,000 people but principal areas of Wales; requested by [[User:Donnanz]]
	[&quot;Swansea&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Newport&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}, wp = &quot;Newport, Wales&quot;},
}

export.united_kingdom_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, England&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.united_kingdom_cities,
}

export.united_states_cities = {
	-- top 50 CSA's by population, with the top and sometimes 2nd or 3rd city listed
	[&quot;New York City&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. in the context New York, New York).
	[&quot;New York&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New York City&quot;},
	[&quot;Newark&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Jersey&quot;},
	[&quot;Los Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Long Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Riverside&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Chicago&quot;] = {container = &quot;Illinois&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington D.C.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. if the holonym is followed by a District of
	-- Columbia holonym).
	[&quot;Washington&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;},
	[&quot;Baltimore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maryland&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose in Costa Rica
	[&quot;San Jose, California&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Jose, California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Francisco&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Oakland&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Boston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Massachusetts&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Providence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rhode Island&quot;},
	[&quot;Dallas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Fort Worth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Philadelphia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Houston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Miami&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Atlanta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Detroit&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Phoenix&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mesa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Seattle&quot;] = {container = &quot;Washington&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Orlando&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;Minneapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minnesota&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cleveland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Denver&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;San Diego&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Portland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oregon&quot;},
	[&quot;Tampa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;St. Louis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Saint Louis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;St. Louis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Charlotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Sacramento&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Pittsburgh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Salt Lake City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Utah&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;San Antonio&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Columbus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;},
	[&quot;Kansas City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l metropolitan area&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Indianapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Indiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Las Vegas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nevada&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cincinnati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Austin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Milwaukee&quot;] = {container = &quot;Wisconsin&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Raleigh&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Nashville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Virginia Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Norfolk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Greensboro&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Winston-Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Jacksonville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;New Orleans&quot;] = {container = &quot;Louisiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Louisville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kentucky&quot;},
	[&quot;Greenville&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Hartford&quot;] = {container = &quot;Connecticut&quot;},
	[&quot;Oklahoma City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Grand Rapids&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;},
	[&quot;Memphis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Fresno&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Richmond&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Harrisburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
	-- any major city of top 50 MSA's that's missed by previous
	[&quot;Buffalo&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;},
	-- any of the top 50 city by city population that's missed by previous
	[&quot;El Paso&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Albuquerque&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucson&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Colorado Springs&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;},
	[&quot;Omaha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nebraska&quot;},
	[&quot;Tulsa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;},
	-- skip Arlington, Texas; too obscure and likely to be interpreted as Arlington, Virginia
}

export.united_states_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, USA&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.united_states_cities,
}

export.new_york_boroughs = {
	[&quot;Bronx&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;The Bronx&quot;},
	[&quot;Brooklyn&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Manhattan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queens&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staten Island&quot;] = {},
}

export.new_york_boroughs_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;New York City&quot;, placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;borough&quot;,
	default_is_city = true,
	data = export.new_york_boroughs,
}

export.vietnam_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {}, -- 14,300,000 (Agglomeration; inclunding Bien Hoa)
	[&quot;Saigon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;},
	[&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {}, -- 7,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {}, -- 1,500,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Danang&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Da Nang&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Hai Phong&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Haiphong&quot;, display = true},
	-- This is the one entry in this list that is not a province-level municipality; instead it's a &quot;provincial city&quot;
	-- meaning it is directly under its province as opposed to being contained in a district.
	[&quot;Bien Hoa&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, container = &quot;Đồng Nai&quot;, wp = &quot;Biên Hòa&quot;}, -- 1,272,235 (2022 city population per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Biên Hòa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Biên Hoà&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	-- These two not in citypopulation.de because the urban population may be slightly under 1,000,000, but they are
	-- both province-level municipalities and close to the 1,000,000 mark.
	[&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- 1,456,000 municipality (2019 census), 994,704 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
	[&quot;Cần Thơ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Can Tho&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hue&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- 1,257,000 municipality (2019 census), 840,000 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); -- capital [[Thuận Hóa district]]
	[&quot;Huế&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hue&quot;, display = true},
}

export.vietnam_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Most of the cities listed are province-level municipalities in addition, which contain a certain amount of
	-- rural territory surrounding the city, but not enough to separate the municipality from the city as distinct
	-- known locations.
	default_placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_cities,
}

export.misc_cities = {
	------------------ Africa -------------------
	-- Sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated; combined with data from
	-- [[w:List of urban areas in Africa by population]].
	[&quot;Algiers&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 4,325,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Oran&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,640,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Luanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 9,650,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Benguela&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cotonou&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบนิน&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ouagadougou&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bobo-Dioulasso&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bujumbura&quot;] = {container = &quot;บุรุนดี&quot;}, -- 1,143,202 (Urban Area 2023 per PopulationStat, cited in Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Yaoundé&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (City)
	[&quot;Yaounde&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yaoundé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Douala&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangui&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;}, -- 1,680,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;N'Djamena&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชาด&quot;}, -- 1,950,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ndjamena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;N'Djamena&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kinshasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 16,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Lubumbashi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Mbuji-Mayi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,500,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kananga&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kisangani&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Bukavu&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Goma&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Tshikapa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,020,468 (2023 Wikipedia [[w:List of cities with over one million inhabitants]] from populationstat.com; not in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Cairo&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 22,800,000 (Agglomeration, including Giza and Subhra El Kheima)
	[&quot;Alexandria&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 6,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Giza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 4,458,135 (2023 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Shubra El Kheima&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 1,240,239 (2021 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Asmara&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;}, -- 1,090,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Asmera&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Asmara&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Addis Ababa&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;}, -- 4,825,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Banjul&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gambia&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Accra&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 6,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kumasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 2,900,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Conakry&quot;] = {container = &quot;กินี&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Abidjan&quot;] = {container = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;}, -- 7,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nairobi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 6,900,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Mombasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City)
	[&quot;Monrovia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liberia&quot;}, -- 1,940,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tripoli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Libya&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Antananarivo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madagascar&quot;}, -- 3,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lilongwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malawi&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bamako&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mali&quot;}, -- 5,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nouakchott&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mauritania&quot;}, -- 1,500,000 (City)
	[&quot;Casablanca&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 4,450,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rabat&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 2,125,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tangier&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,410,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tanger&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tangiers&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Morocco&quot;}, -- 1,310,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Fes&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fès&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Agadir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakesh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,140,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakech&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maputo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mozambique&quot;}, -- 2,575,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Niamey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niger&quot;}, -- 1,530,000 (City)
	[&quot;Brazzaville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Pointe-Noire&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kigali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rwanda&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Dakar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 4,225,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Touba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Freetown&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sierra Leone&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mogadishu&quot;] = {container = &quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Johannesburg&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 14,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Pretoria, Soweto, etc.)
	[&quot;Cape Town&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Durban&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Pretoria&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2,921,488 (2011 census)
	[&quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;Gqeberha&quot;}, -- 1,200,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gqeberha&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;}, -- official name; not a display alias
	[&quot;Khartoum&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sudan&quot;}, -- 7,200,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dar es Salaam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 6,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,340,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mwanza&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Arusha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zanzibar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lomé&quot;] = {container = &quot;Togo&quot;}, -- 2,625,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lomé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tunis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 2,725,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Sousse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Soussa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sousse&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kampala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uganda&quot;}, -- 4,300,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lusaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zambia&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Harare&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;}, -- 2,675,000 (Agglomeration)

	------------------ Asia -------------------
	-- sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Kabul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;}, -- 5,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Baku&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;}, -- 3,725,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Manama&quot;] = {container = &quot;บาห์เรน&quot;}, -- 1,560,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Dhaka&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 23,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dacca&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dhaka&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Chittagong&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gazipur&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 2,674,697 (City per 2022; countied in citypopulation.de as part of Dhaka metro area)
	[&quot;Khulna&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Phnom Penh&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัมพูชา&quot;}, -- 2,925,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Tehran&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 16,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Teheran&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tehran&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mashhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mashad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshhed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Isfahan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Esfahan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isfahan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabriz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,970,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shiraz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,950,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ahvaz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Qom&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,450,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kermanshah&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,130,000 (City)
	[&quot;Baghdad&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 7,800,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Basra&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Mosul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,550,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Erbil&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Kirkuk&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Najaf&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Tel Aviv&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิสราเอล&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Jerusalem is not recognized internationally as part of either Israel or Palestine, but as a
	-- [[w:corpus separatum]], so put the container as &quot;เอเชีย&quot; and list Israel and Palestine as additional parents for
	-- categorization purposes.
	[&quot;Jerusalem&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;, &quot;Palestine&quot;}}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Amman&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 6,150,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Irbid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Almaty&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 2,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Alma-Ata&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Almaty&quot;}, -- former name, sometimes still used; don't display-canonicalize
	[&quot;Astana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shymkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kuwait City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kuwait&quot;}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bishkek&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;}, -- 1,540,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Beirut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;}, -- 1,930,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	-- Kuala Lumpur is a federal capital city, not in any state
	[&quot;Kuala Lumpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;}, -- 9,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- there are various George Towns and Georgetowns
	[&quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;, placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,075,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;George Town&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mongolia&quot;}, -- 1,610,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ulan Bator&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Yangon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 5,650,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rangoon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yangon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mandalay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Kathmandu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nepal&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Pyongyang is a directly governed city, not in any province
	[&quot;Pyongyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Korea&quot;}, -- 3,025,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Muscat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oman&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Palestine&quot;, wp = &quot;Gaza City&quot;}, -- 2,275,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Gaza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gaza&quot;},
	[&quot;Doha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qatar&quot;}, -- 2,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Colombo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sri Lanka&quot;}, -- 4,975,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Damascus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aleppo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dushanbe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tajikistan&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangkok&quot;] = {container = &quot;Thailand&quot;}, -- 21,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Chiang Mai not in citypopulation.de, but 1,198,000 urban population in 2021 per Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List_of_municipalities_in_Thailand#Largest_cities_by_urban_population]]
	[&quot;Chiang Mai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chiang Mai Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Chonburi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chonburi Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,570,000 (Agglomeration; including Pattaya)

	-- metro area population stats from https://www.statista.com/statistics/255483/biggest-cities-in-turkey/ as of 2021;
	-- second source is citypopulation.de reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Istanbul&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, container = &quot;Turkey&quot;}, -- 15.2 million; 16,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İstanbul&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Istanbul&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ankara&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5.15 million; 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Izmir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;İzmir&quot;}, -- 2.95 million; 3,025,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İzmir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Izmir&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bursa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2.02 million; 2,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Adana&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.77 million; 1,780,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaziantep&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.71 million; 1,750,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Antalya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.3 million; 1,400,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Konya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.35 million; 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Diyarbakır&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.07 million; 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Diyarbakır is more common per Ngrams and Google Scholar, but Diyarbakir is the Kurdish form, so we should not
	-- display-canonicalize to the Turkish form Diyarbakır.
	[&quot;Diyarbakir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Diyarbakır&quot;},
	[&quot;Mersin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.03 million; 1,060,000 (Agglomeration)

	[&quot;Ashgabat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Turkmenistan&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dubai&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 6,050,000 (Agglomeration; including Sharjah)
	[&quot;Abu Dhabi&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,850,000 (City)
	[&quot;Sharjah&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Metro area 2022-2023 per Wikipedia; separate from Dubai)
	[&quot;Tashkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uzbekistan&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Sanaa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 3,275,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sana'a&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sanaa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aden&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 1,079,060 (?; 2023 estimate from World Population Review per Wikipedia)

	------------------ Europe or Europe-like (Caucasus etc.) ---------------------
	[&quot;Yerevan&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;}, -- 1,520,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Vienna&quot;] = {container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Minsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลารุส&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Brussels&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 2,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Antwerp&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sofia&quot;] = {container = &quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,260,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zagreb&quot;] = {container = &quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Prague&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 1,470,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brno&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 729,405 (metro area per Wikipedia as of 2024-01-01 Czech Statistical Office)
	[&quot;Olomouc&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 102,293 (city; included only because someone went crazy creating Olomouc-related terms)
	[&quot;Copenhagen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Helsinki&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tbilisi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Athens&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Thessaloniki&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Budapest&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮังการี&quot;},
	-- FIXME, per Wikipedia &quot;County Dublin&quot; is now the &quot;Dublin Region&quot;
	[&quot;Dublin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Riga&quot;] = {container = &quot;Latvia&quot;},
	[&quot;Amsterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Rotterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;The Hague&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	-- Christchurch (metro 546,600) and Wellington (metro 439,800) are too small to make it.
	[&quot;Auckland&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oslo&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Warsaw&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Katowice&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Krakow&quot; without accent.
	[&quot;Krakow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Kraków&quot;},
	[&quot;Kraków&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cracow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirm &quot;Gdańsk&quot; and &quot;Poznań&quot; with accent.
	[&quot;Gdańsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Gdansk&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gdańsk&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poznań&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poznan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Poznań&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Lodz&quot; without accents.
	[&quot;Lodz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Łódź&quot;},
	[&quot;Łódź&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lisbon&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Porto&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oporto&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Porto&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bucharest&quot;] = {container = &quot;Romania&quot;},
	[&quot;Belgrade&quot;] = {container = &quot;Serbia&quot;},
	[&quot;Stockholm&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sweden&quot;},
	[&quot;Zurich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Switzerland&quot;},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Zurich&quot; without umlaut.
	--- Even Wikipedia uses the form without umlaut.
	[&quot;Zürich&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zurich&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kyiv&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;}, -- not in Kyiv Oblast
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Kiev -&gt; Kyiv because in ancient contexts, Kiev is still more common.
	[&quot;Kiev&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv&quot;},
	[&quot;Kharkiv&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}},
	[&quot;Odessa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}, wp = &quot;Odesa&quot;},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Odesa -&gt; Odessa because it may be interpreted as a political statement.
	[&quot;Odesa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odessa&quot;},
	
	------------------ North America, South America ---------------------
	-- Primary figures from citypopulation.de retrieved on 2025-04-26 (reference date 2025-01-01);
	-- Wikipedia metropolitan figures from [[w:List of metropolitan areas in the Americas]] based on per-country data;
	-- Wikipedia city limits figures from [[w:List of largest cities in the Americas]].
	[&quot;Buenos Aires&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 16,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 13,985,794 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,505,25 city limits per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Córdoba in Spain
	[&quot;Córdoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;},
	[&quot;Cordoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;, display = &quot;Córdoba&quot;},
	[&quot;Rosario&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Santa Fe&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,348,725 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Mendoza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tucumán&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucuman&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;, display = &quot;Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Consolidated Urban Area); 1,606,671 (city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santa Cruz&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;},
	[&quot;La Paz&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; composed of El Alto, now slightly larger, and La Paz)
	[&quot;El Alto&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Cochabamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Santiago&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 8,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 6,903,479 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Valparaíso&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valparaiso&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valparaíso&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Bogotá&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 10,600,000 (Agglomeration; 12,772,828 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bogota&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bogotá&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medellín&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 4,350,000 (Agglomeration; 4,068,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Medellin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Medellín&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cali&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Agglomeration; 2,837,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Barranquilla&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration; 1,341,160 city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bucaramanga&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,380,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- to avoid confusion with Cartagena, Spain
	[&quot;Cartagena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;},
	[&quot;Cúcuta&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cucuta&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cúcuta&quot;, display = true},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose, California
	[&quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;] = {container = &quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,450,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San José&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;}, -- display = &quot;San José&quot;; causes error due to San Jose alias for California city; FIXME
	[&quot;Havana&quot;] = {container = &quot;คิวบา&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (City; 2,137,847 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santo Domingo&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (Municipality (urban population); 4,274,651 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Guayaquil&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 3,350,000 (Agglomeration; 3,092,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Quito&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (Agglomeration; 2,889,703 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 1,580,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Guatemala City&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;}, -- 3,375,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Port-au-Prince&quot;] = {container = &quot;เฮติ&quot;}, -- 3,050,000 (Agglomeration; population of low reliability; 2,915,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Pedro Sula&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,330,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tegucigalpa&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Managua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nicaragua&quot;}, -- 1,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Panama City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Panama&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Asunción&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraguay&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Lima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 12,000,000 (Agglomeration; 11,283,787 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Arequipa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;San Juan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puerto Rico&quot;, placetype = &quot;commonwealth&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,910,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Montevideo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uruguay&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration; 1,302,954 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Caracas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,243,301 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Maracaibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 2,825,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,278,448 ??? per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Valencia (city and autonomous community of Spain)
	[&quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;},
	[&quot;Maracay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Barquisimeto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,360,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.misc_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.misc_cities,
}

--[==[ var:
List of all known locations, in groups. The first group lists continents and continental regions, followed by three
groups listing top-level locations: countries, &quot;country-like entities&quot; (de-facto/unrecognized/etc. countries and
dependent territories) and former polities (countries, empires, etc.). After that come first-level subpolities
(administrative divisions) of several, mostly large, countries, followed by groups of cities. China and the United
Kingdom include second-level subpolities (in the case of China, only the largest ones as the full list runs in the
hundreds).
]==]
export.locations = {
	export.continents_group,
	export.countries_group,
	export.country_like_entities_group,
	export.former_countries_group,
	export.australia_group,
	export.austria_group,
	export.bangladesh_group,
	export.brazil_group,
	export.canada_group,
	export.china_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2,
	export.egypt_group,
	export.finland_group,
	export.france_group,
	export.france_departments_group,
	export.germany_group,
	export.greece_group,
	export.india_group,
	export.indonesia_group,
	export.iran_group,
	export.ireland_group,
	export.italy_group,
	export.japan_group,
	export.laos_group,
	export.lebanon_group,
	export.malaysia_group,
	export.malta_group,
	export.mexico_group,
	export.moldova_group,
	export.morocco_group,
	export.netherlands_group,
	export.new_zealand_group,
	export.nigeria_group,
	export.north_korea_group,
	export.norway_group,
	export.pakistan_group,
	export.philippines_group,
	export.poland_group,
	export.portugal_group,
	export.romania_group,
	export.russia_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_group,
	export.south_africa_group,
	export.south_korea_group,
	export.spain_group,
	export.taiwan_group,
	export.thailand_group,
	export.turkey_group,
	export.ukraine_group,
	export.united_kingdom_group,
	export.united_states_group,
	export.england_group,
	export.northern_ireland_group,
	export.scotland_group,
	export.wales_group,
	export.vietnam_group,
	export.australia_cities_group,
	export.brazil_cities_group,
	export.canada_cities_group,
	export.france_cities_group,
	export.germany_cities_group,
	export.india_cities_group,
	export.indonesia_cities_group,
	export.italy_cities_group,
	export.japan_cities_group,
	export.mexico_cities_group,
	export.nigeria_cities_group,
	export.pakistan_cities_group,
	export.philippines_cities_group,
	export.russia_cities_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_cities_group,
	export.south_korea_cities_group,
	export.spain_cities_group,
	export.taiwan_cities_group,
	export.united_kingdom_cities_group,
	export.united_states_cities_group,
	export.new_york_boroughs_group,
	export.vietnam_cities_group,
	export.misc_cities_group,
}

return export</text>
      <sha1>tbnn1d23lxmqyvl5pmtgcqpltl2qw0d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715281</id>
      <parentid>5715269</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:23:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715281</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="348890" sha1="q52grxip5sl76ny0eeczod9qshq5vu1" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true to force category generation even on non-mainspace pages

local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local string_utilities_module = &quot;Module:string utilities&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local dump = mw.dumpObject
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

--[==[ intro:
This module contains data on all known locations, along with some lower-level code to process them (higher-level
known-location code is in [[Module:place/placetypes]]). You must load this module using require(), not using
mw.loadData().

===Location data===

'''NOTE: In order to understand the following better, first read the introductory documentation in [[Module:place]],
especially the section `More about known locations`.'''

The bulk of the code in this module (after some helper functions and placetype tables) describes the known locations
and their relationships. Locations are grouped into ''location groups'' that share some common properties (examples are
states of the United States and cities in Brazil). Each location group is associated with two tables, a ''data table''
that lists the locations and their individual properties, and a ''metadata table'' that lists group-level properties and
defaults for the location properties. Each metadata table points to the associated data table (i.e. contains the data
table as its `data` field), and the global `locations` variable holds a list of all group metadata tables. A given
location is generally described by three values: (a) the group metadata table for the group the location is part of; (b)
the location's canonical ''key'', which is the actual key in the group's data table and is globally unique across all
locations; and (c) the location's ''spec'', which is the initialized object describing the properties of the location
and comes from the value in the data table corresponding to the canonical key, transformed by the `initialize_spec()`
function. These are typically named `group`, `key` and `spec`, respectively and in that order, and are found in the
arguments to many functions.

In a per-group data table, the keys are either ''canonical keys'' describing locations (which, as mentioned above, must
be globally unique) or ''alias keys'' specifying an allowed alias for a given location. There may be multiple aliases
for a given location and the alias keys only need to be unique within a particular group data table, not across all
groups. It is also possible for the same string to serve as an alias key in one group and a canonical key in another
group. (For example, `Newcastle` appears as an alias key in two different groups, referring to two different locations,
canonically known as `Newcastle upon Tyne`, for the city in England, and `Newcastle, New South Wales`, for the city in
New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย; and `Birmingham` appears both as a canonical key in the group of English cities and an alias
key for canonical `Birmingham, Alabama` in the group of US cities.) The corresponding value objects are different for
canonical and alias keys. Corresponding to canonical keys are ''location specs'', describing the properies of the
location that cannot be derived from default properties of the group or global defaults. Corresponding to alias keys
are ''alias specs'', which are highly restricted in the properties they can contain, and whose properties do not have
per-group defaults, but only global defaults.

The canonical key is always the same as the bare category corresponding to the location, which is one of the reasons it
must be globally unique. For example, the country of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia` and corresponding bare
category [[:Category:Georgia]], while the US state of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia, USA` and corresponding
bare category [[:Category:Georgia, USA]]. The following conventions are followed in naming keys:
* Countries, ''country-like entities'' (which are a mixture of unrecognized de-facto states and dependent territories)
  and ''former countries'' (which also includes other types of polities, such as the Roman Empire) use their unqualified
  placename as the canonical key. (See the documentation for [[Module:place]] for the distinction between keys and
  placenames, which is critical to understand when working with location data.) This also applies to constituent
  countries (such as England, Aruba and the Faroe Islands) and constituent parts of grouped dependent territories (such
  as the island of Saint Helena, which is administratively part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena,
  Ascension and Tristan da Cunha).
* Cities (including prefecture-level cities in China, which behave in most respects more like non-city administrative
  divisions) also normally use their unqualified placename as the canonical key, but if this causes name conflicts or
  ambiguities, they use a ''qualified key'' containing either the country name or immediate containing division (if
  different) following a comma, such as the case of `Newcastle, New South Wales` and `Birmingham, Alabama` above.
  Examples of name conflicts are the two cities just given; examples of ambiguities are the major cities of León and
  Mérida in Mexico and city of Cartagena, Colombia, which are given the respective canonical keys of `León, Guanajuato`,
  `Mérida, Yucatán` and `Cartagena, Colombia` to avoid ambiguity with the well-known respective cities of the same name
  in Spain, even though none of those cities are large enough to be included as known locations in this module. (The
  cutoff is generally having a metro area of at least 1,000,000 inhabitants, although there are exceptions.)
* Administrative divisions of countries, other than the exceptions noted above for constituent countries and dependent
  territories, use a qualified key that contains the name of the country or constituent country in it, e.g.
  `Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส` (a region), `Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส` (a department in the region of Normandy), `Herefordshire, England`
  (a ceremonial county), `Northwest Territories, Canada` (a territory), `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์` (a region),
  `Antalya Province, Turkey` (a province), `Cluj County, Romania` (a county), `County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์` (a county) and
  `New York, USA` (a state). As shown in these various examples, (a) first and second-level divisions are sometimes both
  included (as in France, the United Kingdom and China); (b) the qualifier after the comma is sometimes a constituent
  country (England) instead of a country (United Kingdom), and is sometimes abbreviated (USA rather than United States
  or Unites States of America); (c) the word `the` is not normally included in the key even if the location is normally
  preceded by `the` when following a preposition (there is a property in the location and alias specs to indicate this),
  except in a very few cases (most notably `The Hague`); (d) the country is included as a qualifier even if it creates
  an apparent redundancy, as with `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์`; and (e) sometimes the placetype is included in the key, as
  with provinces in Turkey and several other countries; states in Nigeria; and counties in Ireland, Romania and several
  other countries. Whether the placetype is included, and whether it follows or precedes the placename, depends on
  per-country conventions. For example, provinces in Turkey, อิหร่าน and several other countries (likewise for states in
  Nigeria, oblasts in Russia, etc.) conventionally include the word &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot; etc. in their name
  because they are normally named after the largest city in the division, which would otherwise lead to ambiguity; and
  counties in Ireland and Northern Ireland (and likewise County Durham, England) normally have the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;
  preceding rather than following them in their conventional name, so we follow this practice. The Wikipedia article
  naming scheme for a given administrative division is a strong clue as to how the division is normally referred to,
  and we usually follow this practice. (A minor exception is that the Wikipedia articles for provinces in Iran, Laos and
  Thailand include the word `province` with an initial lowercase letter while provinces elsewhere, e.g. North and South
  Korea, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, use uppercase `Province`; we normalize to uppercase `Province` in all cases.)

As mentioned above, associated with canonical keys in the group data table are location specs, which are objects
containing properties. It is important here to distinguish ''initialized specs'' from ''uninitialized specs''.
Unininitialized specs are as directly specified in [[Module:place/locations]], containing only those properties that
differ from the per-group or global defaults. Initialized specs result from calling `initialize_spec()` on an
uninitialized spec (it is idempotent in that it will do nothing if encountering an already-initialized spec). This
copies all group-level defaults that are not overridden in the location spec itself from the group-level metadata table
into the location spec, so that in general, no more reference need be made to the group to fetch the correct value of a
given location property. (The initialization process also does more transformations in a few cases, noted below.) Note
that the default value of a given property is stored under a key in the group metadata table that is preceded by the
string `default_`; for example, the default value corresponding to the `placetype` property of a given location is
specified in the `default_placetype` key in the group metadata table.

The following are the properties of the location spec.
* `placetype`: String specifying the placetype of the location (e.g. &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, province&quot;). This can also be a
  table of such types; in this case, the first listed type is the canonical type that will be used in descriptions, but
  the location will be recognized (e.g. in a holonym, or for categorizing into the bare category) when tagged with any
  of the specified types. The placetype '''must''' be either specified on an individual location or defaulted at the
  group level, or an error occurs.
* `container`: Either a string, a ''canonicalized container'' structure or a list of either type, specifying the
  immediate ''container'' (or containers) of the given location. A container is another location which this location is
  considered to be directly part of, either politically or (above the country level) geographically. Some locations
  belong to multiple immediate containers; this applies especially to transcontinental countries such as Russia and
  Turkey. Containers can themselves have containers, forming a tree (or more correctly, a [[w:directed acyclic graph]])
  of locations. The list of immediate container(s), followed by the container(s) of the container(s), etc., is termed
  the ''container trail'', and some functions compute and return this trail as part of their operation. When a location
  spec is initialized, the given container spec is canonicalized into ''canonical container form'', which consists of a
  list of canonicalized container structures, each of which is of the form
  `{key = &quot;``container_key``&quot;, placetype = &quot;``container_placetype``&quot;}`, where ``container_key`` is a canonical location
  key and ``container_placetype`` should be the listed placetype for the location, or the first listed placetype if
  there are multiple. (FIXME: Since the key uniquely identifies the container location, we should eliminate the
  placetype from the container structure.) The list of canonicalized container structures is stored into the
  `.containers` field of the location spec (this happens even if the container value is unset in its uninitialized spec
  form, causing it to default to the corresponding group-level value), and the `.container` field is set to {nil}. The
  canonicalization process is described in more detail below under [[#Container spec canonicalization]].
* `divs`: List of recognized political divisions; e.g. for the Netherlands, a specification of the form
  `divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}` will allow categories such as [[:Category:de:Provinces of the Netherlands]]
  and [[:Category:pt:Municipalities of the Netherlands]] to be created. Any division that appears here must also be
  found in `placetype_data`, or an error occurs. The entities appearing in the `divs` list can be structures as well as
  just strings; this is explained more below under [[#Location divisions]]. Additional political divisions that apply to
  all locations in a group can be specified at the group level using the group-only property `addl_divs`, which has the
  same format as `divs`. This is intended to be used in the situation where some division types are shared among all
  locations in the group and others differ from location to location. An example where this is used is the United
  States, where `census-designated places` is specified in the group-level `addl_divs` so that all 50 states have
  census-designated places categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Census-designated places in Arizona, USA]], but `counties`
  and `county seats` are specified in the group-level `default_divs` because not all states have counties and county
  seats (Alaska has boroughs and borough seats and Louisiana has parishes and parish seats), and some states have
  additional divisions (New Jersey and Pennsylvania also have boroughs, while Colorado and Connecticut have
  municipalities). Note that under most circumstances (particularly, if `container_parent_type` is not set as a property
  associated with the division type), any division type specified on a sub-country-level location must also be specified
  on all containers up through the country. For example, since French departments specify `communes` and
  `municipalities` in `default_divs`, the same division types must be (and are) specified on French regions and for
  France itself.
* `keydesc`: String directly specifying a description of the location, for use in generating the contents of category
  pages related to the location. In place of a string, a function of three arguments (`group`, `key`, `spec`, as is
  normal for locations) that computes the location description can also be given. This is used, for example, for
  Russian federal subjects; see `construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc`. The special string `+++` contained in the
  keydesc is replaced with the default value of the location description, which specifies the location's placename,
  placetype, and the corresponding values for each container in the container trail, generally up through (but not
  beyond) the country level; see `no_include_container_in_desc` below. The location description is used to construct
  the full description of various categories, such as bare location categories, whose description generally reads
  `&quot;{{(((}}langname}}} terms related to the people, culture, or territory of ``keydesc``.&quot;` where ``keydesc`` is the
  specified or auto-constructed location description.
* `fulldesc`: String overriding the full description for the bare location category (but not for any other category).
  This is currently used only for the location `Earth`, at the very top of the tree (because the standard
  `people, culture or territory of ...` text doesn't make sense here), and for `Antarctica` (because it has no permanent
  inhabitants). FIXME: This should be renamed `bare_category_fulldesc`.
* `addl_parents`: Specify additional parents for the bare location category, in addition to the category or categories
  generated based on the immediate container(s). For example, `Hawaii, USA` specifies `Polynesia` as an additional
  parent category; both `North Korea` and `South Korea` specify `Korea` (which is a specially handled location category)
  as an additional parent; and `Earth` specifies `nature` (not a location category, but still a topic category) as an
  additional parent (which in this case becomes the first parent, as `Earth` has no container). The only restriction on
  the categories in `addl_parents` is that they must be topic categories, because each language-specific version of the
  bare location category gets the corresponding language-specific versions of the categories in `addl_parents`. FIXME:
  This shoudl be renamed `bare_category_addl_parents`.
* `wp`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia article for the location. Each spec is either `true` (equivalent
  to `&quot;%l&quot;`, i.e. use the full location placename directly) or a string containing formatting directives, indicating how
  to construct the article name. The allowed formatting directives are `%l` (the full location placename), `%e` (the
  elliptical location placename) and `%c` (the full placename of the first immediate container). For example, the
  default value of `wp` for the group of United States cities is `&quot;%l, %c&quot;` since the city articles tend to be named
  e.g. `Austin, Texas` (but with many exceptions, specified using `wp` fields at the city level). Another example is
  Thai provinces, which specify a group-level default of `&quot;%e province&quot;` as the Wikipedia articles have lowercase
  `province` in their name but the Thai province keys specified in this module have uppercase `Province`. Here we have
  to use `%e` to get the placename without the word `Province` in it. The default is `true`, which simply uses the full
  location placename as the article name. Note that the Wikipedia article, along with the Wikipedia and Commons category
  pages, are shown in the upper right of bare category pages.
* `wpcat`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia category page for the location (i.e. the page listing articles
  and categories relevant to the location). The format is the same as with `wp`, and it defaults to the value of `wp`.
  It rarely needs to be specified because the category page and the article page almost always follow the same format.
* `commonscat`: Spec describing how to construct the Commons category page for the location (i.e. the page on the
  MediaWiki Commons site listing articles and categories relevant to the location). It has the same format as `wp` and
  `wpcat` and defaults to `wpcat`, which is usually (but not always) correct.
* `the`: Boolean specifying whether a location should be preceded by `the` when following a preposition, e.g. in
  category names such as [[:Category:Cities in the Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย]] and in old-style place descriptions
  when the location occurs as the first holonym, such as the city [[Darwin]] described using
  {{tl|place|city|terr/Northern Territory|c/Australia}}. Note that the global default for this and all Boolean
  properties is {nil}, which amounts to the same as {false}.
* `british_spelling`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question uses British spelling. Currently this only
  affects whether the spelling `neighborhoods` or `neighbourhoods` is used in categories such as
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of New York City]] and [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Sydney]]. This usually needs to be set
  only at the top level (i.e. country or country-like entity), because lower-level entities look up the container trail
  for any container that has `british_spelling = true` set, and if found, assume that British spelling applies. The
  general principle used in setting this is that all countries in Europe, all dependent territories of any such country,
  all former British colonies, and any dependent territories of these former colonies, are assumed to use British
  spelling, while all other countries and associated dependent territories are assumed to use American spelling. This
  can potentially be modified on a case-by-case basis.
* `is_city`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question is a city. This is explicitly set to `true` for
  city-states (e.g. Monaco and Vatican City), dependent territories that are cities (e.g. Hong Kong, Macau, Bonaire,
  Gibraltar, etc.), certain city-level administrative divisions (such as `City of Belfast, Northern Ireland`) and
  (through a group-levell setting) New York boroughs. In addition, it is set to `true` in initialize_spec() whenever
  the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, so that all cities get it set without explicitly needing to add a
  group-level setting for this. Note that the condition `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` intentionally excludes Chinese
  prefecture-level cities, which aren't really cities in that (for example) they don't directly contain neighborhoods,
  but do contain cities within them. This setting is used in various places: (a) to add cities, rivers, etc. to
  categories like [[:Category:Rivers in Osaka, ญี่ปุ่น]] and [[:Category:Cities in Wuhan]] for holonyms that
  are ''not'' cities; (b) to add districts, neighborhoods, and the like to categories like
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Brooklyn]] and [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Monaco]] for holoynms that ''are'' cities;
  (c) generally, to determine which &quot;generic&quot; placetypes (cities, rivers, neighborhoods, etc.) apply to the location.
  (Those that can occur with cities have a `generic_before_cities` setting in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and those
  that can occur with non-cities have a `generic_before_non_cities` setting.)
* `is_former_place`: Boolean that should be set on former places such as the Soviet Union and the Roman Empire. For such
  places, categories such as [[:Category:fr:Rivers in the Soviet Union]] are neither generated nor recognized (more
  generally, no &quot;generic&quot; placetypes apply except for `places`), and category descriptions include the word `former`.
* `overriding_bare_label_parents`: Document me!
* `bare_category_parent_type`: Document me!
* `no_container_cat`: Document me!
* `no_container_parent`: Document me!
* `no_generic_place_cat`: Document me!
* `no_check_holonym_mismatch`: Document me!
* `no_auto_augment_container`: Document me!
* `no_include_container_in_desc`: Document me!

====Location divisions====

The `divs` field of a location describes the recognized political division types of that location. Specifying a given
division type will cause places defined as being of the specified division type and with the location as a holonym will
cause the place to be categorized as ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` `; for example, specifying that the United
States has `&quot;รัฐ&quot;` as a division will cause anything defined as {{tl|place|fr|state|c/US}} to be categorized under
[[:Category:fr:States of the United States]]. Note that you do not have to explicitly specify division types for
&quot;generic&quot; placetypes (those that have a `generic_before_non_cities` field if the location is not a city, or that have a
`generic_before_cities` field if the location is a city); this includes things like cities, towns, villages,
neighbo(u)rhoods and rivers. A given element in the `divs` list is usually a string naming a plural placetype; the
placetype is automatically converted to the singular for recognizing the placetype in a {{tl|place}} spec, and irregular
plurals such as `kibbutzim` are handled correctly as long as the placetype specifies an appropriate `plural` field
(if the `plural` isn't explicitly given, the default singularization algorithm in [[Module:en-utilities]] is run, which
gets most things correctly but has problems with `passes` and `fortresses`, which are singularized to `passe` and
`fortresse`; for this reason, an explicit plural entry is added to terms in ''-ss''). In place of a string, an object
can be given with the plural placetype in the `type` field; this allows additional properties to be specified along with
the placetype. An example of this is the `divs` list for Canada:

{
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}, ...},
}

Here, both provinces and territories are set to categorize as `provinces and territories`, meaning that there is a
single category [[:Category:Provinces and territories of Canada]] rather than separate categories for provinces and
territories. Similar things are done for other countries that have more than one type of first-level administrative
division (e.g. Australia, จีน, อินเดีย and Pakistan). Note that any placetype listed under `cat_as` must exist in the
table of placetypes in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and in fact there is a category-only entry there for `provinces and
territories!` (the use of exclamation point following a plural placetype means that the placetype is present only for
use in categories and won't be recognized as the placetype field in a {{tl|place}} description). In addition, townships
are declared to use `in` rather than `of` as the preposition in the category; hence the category name will be
[[:Category:Townships in Canada]] rather than [[:Category:Townships of Canada]]. (The use of `in` vs. `of` is somewhat
related to whether a given placetype is an official administrative or statistical division of the location in question
and comes in a defined list, in which case `of` should be used, or is more ill-defined, in which case `in` should be
used; the default is `of`, and the use of `in` with `townships` is probably by analogy with the use of `in` with cities
and towns.)

Another more complex example is the divisions given for Quebec:

{
	[&quot;Quebec, Canada&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}, ...},
}

Here, `container_parent_type` controls the second parent category of the placetype/location category associated with the
entry. In this case, for example, [[:Category:Counties of Quebec, Canada]] will have [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] as
its second or ''container-level'' parent. However, this doesn't make sense for `regional county municipalities`, which
exist only in Quebec (so the parent category [[:Category:Regional county municipalities of Canada]] would have only one
subcategory); but they are similar to regional municipalities in British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Ontario, so the
`container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;` spec causes the container-level parent of this category to be
[[:Category:Regional municipalities of Canada]]. Likewise, `regions` as administrative divisions (as opposed to mere
geographic regions) exist only in Quebec; they have no equivalent elsewhere, so we disable the container-level parent
using `container_parent_type = false`. The specs for `parish municipalities`, `township municipalities` and
`village municipalities` show both that multiple types can be specified under `cat_as` (here, for example, we categorize
`parish municipalities` as both `parishes` and `municipalities`) and that these types can themselves have properties,
just as for entries directly under `divs`. Specifically, `{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}`
means that any place defined as a parish municipality in Quebec will be categorized under both [[:Category:Parishes of
Quebec, Canada]] and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]], and that the former will have a container-level
parent of [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] (rather than the default of [[:Category:Parishes of Canada]]). Similarly,
`township municipalities` will be categorized under both [[:Category:Townships in Quebec, Canada]] (''not''
[[:Category:Townships of Quebec, Canada]]) and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]].

====Container spec canonicalization====

A fully canonicalized container spec for a given location consists of a list of ''canonicalized container objects'',
each with a `key` and `placetype` field. The `key` field should name the canonical key of some other location at a
higher level (e.g. French cities are contained in French departments, which are contained in French regions, which are
contained in France, which is contained in Europe, which is contained in Eurasia, which is contained in the Earth). The
`placetype` field should correspond to the first (canonical) placetype listed for the key in question. The process of
initializing a locaion spec converts the container spec in `.container` into a canonicalized spec in `.containers` and
removes the spec from `.container`. It works as follows:
# If the `container` field is missing, and there is a group-level `default_container` field, it is used in its place.
  For example, none of the Brazilian states listed in `brazil_states` specifies a container, but the group specifies
  `default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;`.
# A single string or canonicalized container object is allowed and made into a one-element list.
# If a list element is a string that did ''not'' come from `default_container`, and there is a group-level
  `canonicalize_key_container` field, it is assumed to be a one-argument function and is called on the string to get
  a canonicalized container object.
# Any remaining strings are assumed to be countries and are used directly as the `key`, with `placetype` set to
  `&quot;ประเทศ&quot;`.

====Alias keys====

Aliases can be provided for canonical keys using ''alias keys''. Alias keys have a very different location spec
structure from canonical keys. This structure does not, in general, have defaults at the group level and is not
initialized using `initialize_spec()`, but is used as-is. The following properties are recognized in an alias location
spec:
* `alias_of`: The canonical key of which this key is an alias. Required.
* `the`: If true, this alias key is preceded by `the` following a preposition. Defaults to the group-level `default_the`
    but does not pay attention to the value of `the` for the corresponding canonical key.
* `display`: This is a display alias, meaning that holonyms using the placename corresponding to this alias will be
    converted to the placename corresponding to the canonical key when formatting the holonym for display. (Otherwise,
    the aliasing applies only to categorization.) If the value is true, the display canonicalization is to the placename
    of the canonical key; otherwise, the value should be a key whose corresponding placename is used when display
    canonicalizing.
* `placetype`: The placetype of the alias. Rarely needs to be specified as it defaults to the canonical key's placetype,
    and if that is unspecified, to the group-level default placetype.

====Location group metadata tables====

As mentioned above, associated with each location group is a ''metadata table'' listing group-level properties. The
metadata table contains two types of keys: group-level defaults (named like the corresponding location-level keys but
preceded by `default_`, e.g. `default_placetype` corresponding to the location-level `placetype` key) and group-only
keys, which are mostly functions. The following are the possible group-only keys:
* `data`: This points to the group data table for the group, as described above.
* `key_to_placename`: This is a function of one argument to transform the location's key (whether canonical or alias)
  into the full and elliptical placenames. The difference between full and elliptical placenames is described in the
  documentation for [[Module:place]], but in essence, it applies for keys that include the placetype in them (e.g.
  `Phuket Province, Thailand` or `County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์`), in which case the full placename includes the placetype and
  the elliptical placename does not. For keys that do not include the placetype in them (e.g. `Arizona, USA` or
  `Gloucestershire, England`), the full and elliptical placenames are identical. Note that neither the full nor the
  elliptical placename includes the container in it; hence, for `Phuket Province, Thailand`, the full placename is
  `Phuket Province` and the elliptical placename is just `Phuket`. (Note that the full vs. elliptical placename
  distinction is intended only for handling cases where the placetype follows or precedes the raw placename and there
  is no difference between the two in whether they are normally preceded by `the`. More complex situations, such as
  `State of Mexico` (which normally takes `the`) vs. just `Mexico` (which doesn't), or `Islamabad Capital Territory` vs.
  just `Islamabad`, should be handled instead by aliases.) The `key_to_placename` function takes one argument, the key,
  and returns two arguments, the full and elliptical placenames, respectively. If left undefined, the default is to
  chop off anything starting with a comma and return the result as both full and elliptical placename, and if
  specifically set to `false`, the key is used directly as both full and elliptical placename. If it needs to be
  defined, it is best to use the helper function `make_key_to_placename`, if possible (or
  `make_irish_type_key_to_placename` in the case of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where `County` precedes), rather than
  rolling your own. In addition, you should use the global `key_to_placename` function (which takes care of the default
  implementation and such) rather than directly calling the function in the `key_to_placename` field.
* `placename_to_key`: This is approximately the inverse of `key_to_placename`, transforming a placename (which can be
  either in full or elliptical form) into the corresponding key. As with `key_to_placename`, if you need to define this
  (generally, when the full and elliptical placenames are different), prefer using `make_placename_to_key` (or
  `make_irish_type_placename_to_key` for Ireland and Northern Ireland) to rolling your own. In addition, similarly to
  `key_to_placename`, use the global `placename_to_key` function to convert placenames to keys rather than directly
  invoking the function in the `placename_to_key` field. If the field is set to `false`, the placename is used unchanged
  as the key. Otherwise, the default algorithm works as follows:
*# If the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, use the placename unchanged as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` exists and is a string, append it to the placename after a comma +
   space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` is a canonical container object (an object with `key` and
   `placetype` fields), and the `placetype` field is either `country` or `constituent country`, append the `key` field
   to the placename after a comma + space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, use the placename unchanged as the key.
* `canonicalize_key_container`: A function of one argument to convert the specified `container` field, when a string,
  to canonical form. Described in more detail above under [[#Container spec canonicalization]]. It is preferable to
  construct the function using `make_canonicalize_key_container`, if possible, rather than rolling your own.
* `addl_divs`: Additional political divisions appended, for all locations in the group, to the list of divisions derived
  from the location-level `divs` or group-level `default_divs` fields to get the final list of divisions for the
  location. See [[#Location divisions]] for more details.
]==]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Helper functions                                 --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[
Throw an error. `fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to
format the format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called. In general, callers should use `internal_error` unless the
error was due to bad user input rather than a logic error (which usually isn't the case in deep back-end code like
this).
]==]
function export.process_error(fmt, ...)
	local args = {...}
	for i = 1, select(&quot;#&quot;, ...) do
		args[i] = dump(args[i])
	end
	return error(string.format(fmt, unpack(args)))
end

--[==[
Throw an internal error (a logic error that should never happen unless there is a bug in the code, as opposed to a user
error triggered by bad input or a system error due to something like running out of memory or hitting a time limit).
`fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to format the
format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called.
]==]
function export.internal_error(fmt, ...)
	export.process_error(&quot;Internal error: &quot; .. fmt, ...)
end

local internal_error = export.internal_error

-- Return whether `list_or_element` (a list of strings, or a single string) &quot;contains&quot; `item` (a string). If
-- `list_or_element` is a list, this returns true if `item` is in the list; otherwise it returns true if `item`
-- equals `list_or_element`.
local function list_or_element_contains(list_or_element, item)
	if type(list_or_element) == &quot;table&quot; then
		return m_table.contains(list_or_element, item) and true or false
	end
	return list_or_element == item
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `key_to_placename` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames). Two values are returned, the full and elliptical placenames (e.g. full
`&quot;County Durham&quot;` vs. elliptical `&quot;Durham&quot;`). If the group does not define `key_to_placename`, both full and elliptical
placenames are computed by chopping off anything starting with a comma.
]==]
function export.key_to_placename(group, key)
	if group.key_to_placename == false then
		return key, key
	end
	if group.key_to_placename then
		local full_placename, elliptical_placename = group.key_to_placename(key)
		if type(full_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string full placename: %s&quot;, key, full_placename)
		end
		if type(elliptical_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string elliptical placename: %s&quot;, key, elliptical_placename)
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	return key, key
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `placename_to_key` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames) and return the result. If `placename_to_key` exists with the value `false`,
return the placename unchanged. If the group does not define `placename_to_key`, and it defines a `default_container`
whose placetype is either `country` or `constituent country`, the container name is appended to the placename after a
comma and a space. Otherwise the placename is returned unchanged.
]==]
function export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	if group.placename_to_key == false then
		return placename
	elseif group.placename_to_key then
		local key = group.placename_to_key(placename)
		if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Placename %s returned a non-string key: %s&quot;, placename, key)
		end
		return key
	elseif group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot; then
		return placename
	else
		local defcon = group.default_container
		if not defcon then
			return placename
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;table&quot; and (defcon.placetype == &quot;ประเทศ&quot; or
				defcon.placetype == &quot;constituent country&quot;) then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon.key
		else
			return placename
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Initialize the location spec `spec`, augmenting it with default values taken from `group` if the spec itself doesn't
specify values for the properties. This sets `containers` to a canonicalized list of objects, each with `key` and
`placetype` keys, describing the immediate containers of the location, and erases (sets to nil) the original
non-canonicalized `container` field. (Most locations have only one immediate container but some, e.g. Russia, have more
than one. Containers should be carefully distinguished from category parents. Generally the container is the first
category parent, or the first ``n`` parents if there are ``n`` containers, but there may be additional category parents,
which indicate some sort of relation between the category parent and the location but not necessarily one of
containment.)

This function is idempotent in that nothing happens if called more than once on the same spec.

FIXME: Consider reimplementing this in a more standardly object-oriented way using metatables.
]==]
function export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	if spec.initialized then
		return
	end
	local container = spec.container
	local containers
	local container_from_default
	if not container then
		container = group.default_container
		container_from_default = true
	end
	if container then
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; or container.key then
			container = {container}
		end
		containers = {}
		for _, cont in ipairs(container) do
			if type(cont) == &quot;string&quot; then
				if group.canonicalize_key_container and not container_from_default then
					cont = group.canonicalize_key_container(cont)
				else
					cont = {key = cont, placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}
				end
			end
			insert(containers, cont)
		end
	end
	spec.containers = containers
	spec.container = nil
	local function value_with_default(val, default_val)
		if val == nil then
			return default_val
		else
			return val
		end
	end
	local function set_or_default(prop)
		spec[prop] = value_with_default(spec[prop], group[&quot;default_&quot; .. prop])
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;placetype&quot;)
	if not spec.placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found in key %s for spec %s or in group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;divs&quot;)
	spec.addl_divs = group.addl_divs
	for _, prop in ipairs {
		&quot;keydesc&quot;,
		&quot;fulldesc&quot;,
		&quot;addl_parents&quot;,
		&quot;overriding_bare_label_parents&quot;,
		&quot;bare_category_parent_type&quot;,
		&quot;wp&quot;,
		&quot;wpcat&quot;,
		&quot;commonscat&quot;,
		&quot;british_spelling&quot;,
		&quot;the&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_parent&quot;,
		&quot;no_generic_place_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_check_holonym_mismatch&quot;,
		&quot;no_auto_augment_container&quot;,
		&quot;no_include_container_in_desc&quot;,
		&quot;is_city&quot;,
		&quot;is_former_place&quot;,
	} do
		set_or_default(prop)
	end
	-- `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` is correct; if `default_placetype` has something else like `prefecture-level city`
	-- as the canonical placetype but also lists `city` (as Chinese prefecture-level cities do), don't mark as
	-- is_city.
	spec.is_city = value_with_default(spec.is_city, group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;)
	spec.initialized = true
end

--[=[
Given a location group, key and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the key exists in the group
with at least one of the group's key's placetypes matching one of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values:
the group key (which potentially could differ from the passed-in key due to aliases) and the corresponding spec object,
which (as with all functions that return spec objects) has been initialized using `initialize_spec()` (i.e. default
property values have been copied from the group into the spec, if the spec doesn't itself specify a value for the
property in question).

`alias_resolution` controls how aliases are resolved. Normally, both display and category aliases are followed, and
the returned key will reflect the canonical location key. However, if `alias_resolution` is {&quot;none&quot;}, no alias following
happens. In that case, if the key specifies an alias, the spec for the alias rather than the spec for the canonical
location is returned, and importantly, it is returned uninitialized, meaning that properties from the group are not
copied into the spec. (If the key specifies a canonical location, its spec is returned initialized, as in the normal
case where `alias_resolution` is unspecified.) The caller needs to check whether the returned spec is an alias by
looking for an `alias_of` property. If `alias_resolution` is {&quot;display&quot;}, the behavior is the same as for {&quot;none&quot;}
except that if the alias contains a setting `display = true`, the returned key will reflect the canonical location key,
and if the alias contains a setting `display = ``string`` `, the returned key will reflect that string.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
	if alias_resolution ~= nil and alias_resolution ~= &quot;none&quot; and alias_resolution ~= &quot;display&quot; and
		alias_resolution ~= &quot;all&quot; then
		internal_error(&quot;Bad value for 'alias_resolution': %s&quot;, alias_resolution)
	end
	local spec = group.data[key]
	if not spec then
		return nil
	end

	local function check_correct_placetype(placetype)
		if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for _, pt in ipairs(placetype) do
				if list_or_element_contains(placetypes, pt) then
					return true
				end
			end
			return false
		else
			return list_or_element_contains(placetypes, placetype)
		end
	end

	if spec.alias_of then
		local resolved_key = spec.alias_of
		local resolved_spec = group.data[resolved_key]
		if not resolved_spec then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which doesn't exist&quot;, key, resolved_key)
		elseif resolved_spec.alias_of then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which is itself an alias; indirect aliasing not allowed&quot;,
				key, resolved_key)
		end
		if alias_resolution == &quot;none&quot; or alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
			-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
			local placetype = spec.placetype or resolved_spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
			if not placetype then
				internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in any of spec %s, alias-resolved spec %s or in group &quot; ..
					&quot;`default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec, resolved_spec)
			end
			if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
				return nil
			end
			if alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
				if spec.display == true then
					key = resolved_key
				elseif spec.display then
					key = spec.display
				end
			end
			return key, spec
		end
		key = resolved_key
		spec = resolved_spec
	end

	-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
	local placetype = spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
	if not placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in spec %s or group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
		return nil
	end
	export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	return key, spec
end

--[=[
Given a location group, placename and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the placename exists
in the group with at least one of the placetypes of the key in the group that corresponds to the placename matching one
of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values: the key corrsponding to the passed-in placename and the
corresponding spec object. This is similar to `find_matching_key_in_group()` but works with placenames rather than keys.
`alias_resolution` is as in `find_matching_key_in_group()`.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_placename_in_group(group, placetypes, placename, alias_resolution)
	local key = export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	return find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
end

--[==[
If `key` is a canonical known location key (i.e. not an alias), return the corresponding group and initialized spec.
If no such key exists, return {nil}. This throws an internal error if two locations with the same key are found.
]==]
function export.find_canonical_key(key)
	local found_locations = {}
	for _, group in ipairs(export.locations) do
		local spec = group.data[key]
		if not spec then
			-- do nothing
		elseif spec.alias_of then
			mw.log((&quot;Skipping alias '%s' of canonical '%s'&quot;):format(key, spec.alias_of))
		else
			insert(found_locations, {group, spec})
		end
	end
	if not found_locations[1] then
		return nil
	elseif found_locations[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for canonical key %s: %s&quot;, key, found_locations)
	else
		local group, spec = unpack(found_locations[1])
		export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
		return group, spec
	end
end

--[==[
Iterator that returns all locations matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename
or a key along with a list of possible placetypes. Usually there will be at most one such location. The iterator
returns three values at each iteration: the location group, canonical key by which the location is known and the spec
object describing the location. `data` contains the following possible fields:
* `placetypes`: A list of possible placetypes, one of which must match one of the location's placetypes; or a string
  specifying a placetype, which must match one of the location's placetypes. This must be specified.
* `placename`: The placename of the location. Either this or `key` must be specified.
* `key`: The key of the location. Either this or `placename` must be specified.
* `alias_resolution`: If specified, it behaves the same as for `find_matching_key_in_group`.
The spec is normally initialized using `initialize_spec()` prior to it being returned (but may not be if
`alias_resolution` is given and the specified key or placename is an alias; see the documentation for
`find_matching_key_in_group`).
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_location(data)
	local i = 0
	local n = #export.locations
	return function()
		while true do
			i = i + 1
			if i &gt; n then
				break
			end
			local group = export.locations[i]
			local key, spec
			if data.placename then
				key, spec = find_matching_placename_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.placename,
					data.alias_resolution)
			else
				if not data.key then
					internal_error(&quot;'.placename' or '.key' must be defined: %s&quot;, data)
				end
				key, spec = find_matching_key_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.key, data.alias_resolution)
			end
			if key then
				return group, key, spec
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Return the location matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename or a key along
with a list of possible placetypes. This is similar to `iterate_matching_location()` but throws an internal error if
there is not exactly one location found; as such, it is for use with internally specified locations (such as the
containers of known locations) rather than externally specified locations, which may not match a known location and in
some cases may match multiple known locations. For finding an externally specified location, consider using
`find_matching_holonym_location`, which returns {nil} rather than throwing an error if the location isn't found, but
also (more importantly) checks to make sure there are no conflicting holonyms among the user-specified holonyms (e.g.
{{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/USA|t=Newark}} will not match the known location `Newark` (in New Jersey, not Delaware).
]==]
function export.get_matching_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in export.iterate_matching_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Couldn't find matching location for data %s&quot;, data)
	elseif all_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for data %s: %s&quot;, data, all_found)
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end

--[==[
Successively iterate over a location's containers, and then the containers of those containers, etc. Keep in mind that
locations may have multiple containers (e.g. Russia has both Europe and Asia as containers, and both Europe and Asia
have Eurasia as their container). A given container will never be returned twice (e.g. in the case where a specific
location A has locations B and C as containers, and B has C as its container, C will not be returned twice). An
internal error happens if a container loop is detected. The return value is a list of location objects, each of which
contains `group`, `key` and `spec` fields.
]==]
function export.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
	local keys_seen = {}
	keys_seen[key] = true
	local iterations = 0
	local last_iteration_containers = {{group = group, key = key, spec = spec}}
	return function()
		iterations = iterations + 1
		if iterations &gt; 10 then
			internal_error(&quot;Probable loop in containers when processing key %s&quot;, key)
		end
		local next_iteration_containers = {}
		for _, location in ipairs(last_iteration_containers) do
			local containers = location.spec.containers
			if containers then
				for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
					local container_group, container_key, container_spec = export.get_matching_location {
						placetypes = container.placetype,
						key = container.key,
					}
					if not keys_seen[container_key] then
						insert(next_iteration_containers, {
							group = container_group, key = container_key, spec = container_spec
						})
						keys_seen[container_key] = true
					end
				end
			end
		end
		if not next_iteration_containers[1] then
			return nil
		end
		last_iteration_containers = next_iteration_containers
		return next_iteration_containers
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placename, convert it into a link (two-part if `display_form` is given and differs from `placename`) and add
`&quot;the &quot;` to the beginning if called for in `spec`.
]==]
function export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename, display_form)
	local linked_placename = display_form and placename ~= display_form and (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(placename,
		display_form) or (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(placename)
	if spec.the then
		linked_placename = &quot;the &quot; .. linked_placename
	end
	return linked_placename
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `key_to_placename`. It generates a function that chops off parts of a string (a
location key), typically at the end, in order to get the full and elliptical versions of a placename. (See the
documentation above for `key_to_placename` under &quot;Location group tables&quot; for the difference between full and elliptical
placenames.) `container_patterns` is a Lua pattern or a list of possible patterns matching the container at the end of
the key, which will be used to remove that container. If multiple patterns are specified, each one is tried until one
matches. If `container_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped. The reulting string becomes the full
placename. If `divtype_patterns` is specified, it is likewise either a Lua pattern or list of possible patterns to match
and remove the political division affixed onto the end (or possibly the beginning) of the key in the keys of certain
countries (such as South Korean and North Korean counties, which include the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; in the key). The resulting
chopped string becomes the elliptical placename. If `divtype_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped
and the full and elliptical placenames are the same.

Typical usage is as follows:

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, England$&quot;),
```

or (when the political division is part of the key)

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;)
```
]=]
local function make_key_to_placename(container_patterns, divtype_patterns)
	if type(container_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		container_patterns = {container_patterns}
	end
	if type(divtype_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		divtype_patterns = {divtype_patterns}
	end
	return function(key)
		local full_placename = key
		if container_patterns then
			for _, container_pattern in ipairs(container_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				full_placename, nsubs = full_placename:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		local elliptical_placename = full_placename
		if divtype_patterns then
			for _, divtype_pattern in ipairs(divtype_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				elliptical_placename, nsubs = elliptical_placename:gsub(divtype_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `placename_to_key`. It generates a function that appends a string to the end of a given
placename to get the key (see the definition of `placename_to_key` above in the documentation under &quot;Location group
tables&quot;). Optional `divtype_suffix` is a raw string (which should not contain hyphens or other characters that have
special meaning in Lua patterns) to be appended first to the placename; if already present at the end, it is not
appended. `container_suffix` is then added in the same fashion if given. Typical usage is like this:

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, England&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Hampshire&quot;` into `&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;`)

or

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; County&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Gangwon&quot;` or `&quot;Gangwon County&quot;` into `&quot;Gangwon County, South Korea&quot;`).
]=]
local function make_placename_to_key(container_suffix, divtype_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		local key = placename
		if divtype_suffix then
			if not key:find(&quot;^&quot; .. divtype_suffix) then --th; เปลี่ยนไปเติมข้างหน้าแทน
				key = divtype_suffix .. key --th
			end
		end
		if container_suffix then
			key = container_suffix .. key --th
		end
		return key
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `canonicalize_key_container`, which converts a container as specified in the location
data into the canonical form containing both the full container key and its placetype. It generates a function to do
the canonicalization of a given container. If the container is a string, `suffix` is appended onto the string (use {nil}
or {&quot;&quot;} if there is no suffix to append), and the placetype is set to `placetype`. Otherwise the container is left
as-is. Typical usage is like this:

```
canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;)
```

which will convert e.g. `&quot;Ontario&quot;` into `{key = &quot;Ontario, Canada&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}`.
]=]
local function make_canonicalize_key_container(suffix, placetype)
	return function(container)
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return {key = container .. (suffix or &quot;&quot;), placetype = placetype}
		else
			return container
		end
	end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               Top-level tables                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.continents = {
	[&quot;โลก&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;ธรรมชาติ&quot;},
			fulldesc = &quot;=the planet [[Earth]] and the features found on it&quot;},
		[&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
		[&quot;อเมริกา&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[America]], in the sense of [[North America]] and [[South America]] combined&quot;,
				wp = &quot;Americas&quot;},
		[&quot;อเมริกาส์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, the = true},
			[&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				fulldesc = &quot;=the territory of [[Antarctica]]&quot;},
		[&quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[Eurasia]], i.e. [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] together&quot;},
			[&quot;เอเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ยุโรป&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
			[&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย (ภูมิภาค)&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
			[&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
}

export.continents_group = {
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {}, -- container parents should be used
	default_divs = {{type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}},
	-- It's enough to mention the first-level continent or continent group. It seems excessive to write e.g.
	-- &quot;El Salvador, a country in Central America, a continental region in North America, a continent in America, ...&quot;.
	default_no_include_container_in_desc = true,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	default_no_generic_place_cat = true,
	-- French Guyana is in France but not in Europe, which should not be an issue, so don't check holonym mismatches at
	-- this level. We also run into problems with supercontinents, which have &quot;ทวีป&quot; as the fallback and cause
	-- mismatches.
	default_no_check_holonym_mismatch = true,
	data = export.continents,
}

-- Countries: including those with partial recognition that are normally considered countries (e.g. Kosovo, Taiwan).
export.countries = {
	[&quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอลเบเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;administrative units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อันดอร์รา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แองโกลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอนทีกาและบาร์บิวดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐอาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- Both a country and continent
	[&quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาฮามาส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;บาห์เรน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาร์เบโดส&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลารุส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลเยียม&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบนิน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;ภูฏาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;gewogs&quot;}},
	[&quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;entities&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia and Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย-เฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia-Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอตสวานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บราซิล&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;macroregions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;บรูไน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;mukims&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;บุรุนดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;กัมพูชา&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct (e.g. &quot;First Nations reserves&quot;) until/unless
		-- the Canadian government makes a similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is
		-- still at [[w:Indian reserves]]).
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคปเวิร์ด&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;subprefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;CAR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;C.A.R&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;ชาด&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;ชิลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;จีน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;มณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former provinces&quot;},
		&quot;special administrative regions&quot;,
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;FORMER prefectures&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former prefectures&quot;},
		&quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;FORMER districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former districts&quot;},
		&quot;subdistricts&quot;,
		&quot;townships&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;direct-administered municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;จีน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอโมโรส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous islands&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;คิวบา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เช็กเกีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}},
	[&quot;คองโก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;DRC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;D.R.C&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Denmark]] (constituent country) from [[w:Danish Realm]] (country)
	},
	[&quot;จิบูตี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ดอมินีกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[Dominican Republic]], the country that shares the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Hispaniola]] with [[Haiti]]&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, wp = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์ตะวันออก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;อียิปต์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิเควทอเรียลกินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;subregions&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอสโตเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สวาซีแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
	[&quot;ฟีจี&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;collectivities&quot;,
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบอง&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แกมเบีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;จอร์เจีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the country of [[Georgia]], in [[Eurasia]]&quot;, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;%l (country)&quot;},
	[&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia have administrative regions as divisions, but
		-- there aren't really enough of them to categorize per state.
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;regional units&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;peripheries&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีเนดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี-บิสเซา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;กายอานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เฮติ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;arrondissements&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮังการี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไอซ์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินเดีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;regencies&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of provinces&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;อิหร่าน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิรัก&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;Republic of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิตาลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;metropolitan cities&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- We should really be using Ivory Coast (common name) but there are political ramifications to the use of
	-- Côte d'Ivoire so don't make it a display alias.
	[&quot;ไอวอรีโคสต์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;},
	[&quot;จาเมกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;จอร์แดน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;คาซัคสถาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคนยา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kiribati&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kosovo&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kuwait&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;areas&quot;}},
	[&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Laos&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Latvia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lebanon&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lesotho&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Liberia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Libya&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lithuania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Luxembourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Madagascar&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malawi&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Malaysia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;federal territories&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Maldives&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;administrative atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mali&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cercles&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malta&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;local councils&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritius&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mexico&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Moldova&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous territorial units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		&quot;communes&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Monaco&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- We want the first placetype to be 'city-state' so the description of Monaco says it's a city-state, but we
		-- want its parent to be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mongolia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Montenegro&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Morocco&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mozambique&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Myanmar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;union territories&quot;,
		{type = &quot;self-administered zones&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		{type = &quot;self-administered divisions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Burma&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- not display-canonicalizing; has political connotations
	[&quot;Namibia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;constituencies&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nauru&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nepal&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;constituent country&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former municipalities&quot;},
			&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;constituent countries&quot;}, british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Netherlands]] (constituent country) from [[w:Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
		-- (country)
	},
	[&quot;New Zealand&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;territorial authorities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;territorial authorities&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nicaragua&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Niger&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nigeria&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Categorize the Federal Capital Territory as a state because there's only one of it; we could categorize
		-- everything under 'states and territories' but that seems a bit pointless.
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐ&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;North Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;North Macedonia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Republic of North Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Republic of Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Norway&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;unincorporated areas&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Oman&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;administrative territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Palau&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Palestine&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;State of Palestine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Palestine&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Panama&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Paraguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Peru&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Philippines&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poland&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;voivodeships&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Portugal&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Qatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Congo Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Romania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of counties&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Russia&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;, &quot;oblasts&quot;, &quot;krais&quot;, &quot;federal cities&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;federal districts&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Rwanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;SVG&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;S.V.G&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Samoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;San Marino&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;São Tome and Principe&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;Senegal&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Serbia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;autonomous provinces&quot;}},
	[&quot;Seychelles&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Singapore&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovenia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;statistical regions&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	-- Note: While the official name does not include &quot;the&quot; at the beginning, 
	-- it sounds strange in English to leave it out and it's commonly included.
	[&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Africa&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;district municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{type = &quot;metropolitan municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;South Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Spain&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous communities&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		&quot;comarcas&quot;, &quot;autonomous cities&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Suriname&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sweden&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Switzerland&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Syria&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;, &quot;special municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;, different political connotations
	[&quot;Tajikistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tanzania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไทย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ตำบล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Togo&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tonga&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Tunisia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;delegations&quot;}},
	[&quot;Turkey&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	-- Foreign names generally get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Türkiye&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		-- The 5 regions are often also called provinces
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, {type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, &quot;districts&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Tuvalu&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Uganda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Ukraine&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;oblasts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous republics&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;emirates&quot;}},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UAE&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.A.E.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;constituent countries&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			&quot;traditional counties&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[United Kingdom]] of Great Britain and Northern Ireland&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UK&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.K.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;derogatory names for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;official nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, -- exist in Pennsylvania and New Jersey
			&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, -- these exist politically at least in Colorado and Connecticut
			{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct until/unless the US government makes a
			-- similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is still at
			-- [[w:Indian reservations]]).
			&quot;Indian reservations&quot;,
		}},
	-- Abbreviations and long forms (when possible) get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;US&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;USA&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.A.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหรัฐ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Uruguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Vanuatu&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- First placetype should be 'city-state' for to shown up in its description,
		-- Its parent should still be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;}, is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vatican City&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Western Sahara&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;,
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	-- Not display-canonicalizable both due to differences in 'the' and the sovereignty dispute over Western Sahara
	[&quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Sahara&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;SADR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Yemen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zambia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
}

local function canonicalize_continent_container(key)
	if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
		return key
	end
	if export.continents[key] then
		return {key = key, placetype = export.continents[key].placetype}
	end
	internal_error(&quot;Unrecognized key %s in `canonicalize_continent_like`&quot;, key)
end

export.countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;+++&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.countries,
}

-- Country-like entities: typically overseas territories or de-facto independent countries, which in both cases
-- are not internationally recognized as sovereign nations but which we treat similarly to countries.
export.country_like_entities = {
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Akrotiri and Dhekelia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Åland: Listed as a region of Finland. Wikipedia lists this under &quot;dependent territories&quot; in
	--   [[w:List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent]].
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;American Samoa&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Anguilla&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;Abkhazia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Abkhazia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Ashmore and Cartier Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Aruba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Bermuda&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Bonaire&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Indian Ocean Territory&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian dependent territory
	[&quot;Bouvet Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Cayman Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Christmas Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Sui generis French &quot;state private property&quot; per Wikipedia; classify as overseas territory like the
	-- French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
	[&quot;Clipperton Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
	},
	-- Australian external territory; also called the Keeling Islands or (officially) the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
	[&quot;Cocos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		wp = &quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Keeling Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Cook Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Curaçao&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special territory of Chile
	[&quot;Easter Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Falkland Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Faroe Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;French Polynesia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- French overseas territory
	[&quot;French Southern and Antarctic Lands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Gibraltar&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Greenland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Guam&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Guernsey
	[&quot;Guernsey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		wp = &quot;Bailiwick of %l&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Guernsey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Guernsey&quot;, the = true},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Heard Island and McDonald Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Hong Kong&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency
	[&quot;Isle of Man&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Jan Mayen&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Jersey
	[&quot;Jersey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Jersey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jersey&quot;, the = true},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Macau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Montserrat&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special collectivity of France
	[&quot;New Caledonia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;New Zealand Subantarctic Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Niue&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Norfolk Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Cyprus
	[&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;Turkey&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Northern Cyprus]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Cyprus]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth, unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Northern Mariana Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Pitcairn Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth of the United States
	[&quot;Puerto Rico&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Saba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Barthélemy&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		divs = {{type = &quot;constituent parts&quot;, container_parent_type = false}},
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
		-- constituent parts of the combined oveseas territory
		[&quot;Ascension Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Saint Helena&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Martin&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Eustatius&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Maarten&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Somalia
	[&quot;Somaliland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Somaliland]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Somalia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	-- FIXME: We should form the group &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot; like we did for
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	[&quot;South Georgia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;South Ossetia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[South Ossetia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;South Sandwich Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		wp = true,
		wpcat = &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Svalbard&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;Tokelau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Moldova
	[&quot;Transnistria&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Moldova&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Transnistria]], internationally recognized as part of [[Moldova]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Turks and Caicos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Minor Outlying Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เกาะ&quot;, &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
		-- FIXME: We should add entries for the other minor outlying islands.
		-- Baker Island (Oceania)
		-- Howland Island (Oceania)
		-- Jarvis Island (Oceania)
		-- Johnston Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Kingman Reef (Oceania)
		-- Midway Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Navassa Island (Caribbean)
		-- Palmyra Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Wake Island (Oceania)
		[&quot;Wake Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
			container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
			addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
		},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;U.S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;US Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Wallis and Futuna&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
}

export.country_like_entities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;country-like entities&quot;},
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- These entities often aren't really part of their container; a village in Wallis and Futuna (an overseas
	-- collectivity of France in Polynesia), for example, shouldn't be treated as a village in France, nor as a village
	-- in Europe.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.country_like_entities,
}

-- Former countries and such; we don't create &quot;Cities in ...&quot; categories because they don't exist anymore
export.former_countries = {
	-- de-facto independent state of Armenian ethnicity, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan
	-- (also known as Nagorno-Karabakh)
	-- NOTE: Formerly listed Armenia as a parent; this seems politically non-neutral so I've taken it out.
	[&quot;Artsakh&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former de-facto independent state of [[Artsakh]], internationally recognized as part of [[Azerbaijan]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Artsakh&quot;},
	[&quot;Czechoslovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;East Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เวียดนามเหนือ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;เปอร์เซีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Byzantine Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Ancient Europe&quot;, &quot;Ancient Near East&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;themes&quot;,
		}},
	[&quot;Roman Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;},
		}},
	[&quot;เวียดนามใต้&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;Soviet Union&quot;] = {
		the = true, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous republics&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;West Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Yugoslavia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1918–1943) or the former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1943–1992)&quot;, british_spelling = true},
}

export.former_countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	default_is_former_place = true,
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.former_countries,
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                  Subpolity tables                             --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_states_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Jervis Bay Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Queensland, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tasmania, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Victoria, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states and territories of Australia
export.australia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;local government areas&quot;,
	data = export.australia_states_and_territories,
}

export.austria_states = {
	[&quot;Vienna, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Upper Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Styria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tyrol, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Tyrol (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Carinthia, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salzburg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Salzburg (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Vorarlberg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Burgenland, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Austria
export.austria_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.austria_states,
}

export.bangladesh_divisions = {
	[&quot;Barisal Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mymensingh Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rajshahi Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rangpur Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sylhet Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
}

-- divisions of Bangladesh
export.bangladesh_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ$&quot;, &quot; Division$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, &quot; Division&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;division&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.bangladesh_divisions,
}

export.brazil_states = {
	[&quot;Acre, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Alagoas, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amapá, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amazonas, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Brazilian state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Bahia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ceará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Distrito Federal, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Federal District (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;Espírito Santo, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Goiás, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maranhão, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minas Gerais, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraíba, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraná, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pernambuco, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piauí, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Norte, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rondônia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Roraima, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santa Catarina, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;São Paulo, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sergipe, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tocantins, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Brazil
export.brazil_group = {
	default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_states,
}

export.canada_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Alberta, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;municipal districts&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;rural municipalities&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;British Columbia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs =
		{type = &quot;regional districts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Manitoba, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;New Brunswick, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, {type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, cat_as = &quot;parishes&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Newfoundland and Labrador, แคนาดา&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northwest Territories, แคนาดา&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Nova Scotia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nunavut, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Ontario, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;, {type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Prince Edward Island, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, &quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saskatchewan, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Quebec, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		-- administrative regions have an official (but non-governmental) function but there don't appear to be any
		-- equivalent regions elsewhere in Canada, so disable the [[Category:Regions of Canada]] grouping
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}},
	[&quot;Yukon, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Yukon Territory, แคนาดา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yukon, Canada&quot;, the = true},
}

-- provinces and territories of Canada
export.canada_group = {
	default_container = &quot;แคนาดา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
	data = export.canada_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions = {
	-- direct-administered municipalities are not here but below under prefecture-level cities
	[&quot;Anhui, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fuchien, จีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gansu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangdong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Guizhou, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hainan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hebei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Heilongjiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Henan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hubei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Jiangsu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jiangxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jilin, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liaoning, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Qinghai, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shaanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shandong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sichuan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tibet, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;, wp = &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;},
	[&quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Yunnan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zhejiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and autonomous regions of China
export.china_group = {
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;มณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities = {
	-- In China, a &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; is not a city in any real sense. It is rather a prefecture, which is an
	-- administrative unit smaller than a province but bigger than a county, which is administratively controlled by
	-- the chief city of the prefecture (which bears the same name as the prefecture), in a unified government. Prior
	-- to the mid-1980's, in fact, prefecture-level cities *were* prefectures, and a few of them (especially in the
	-- western portion of China) have not yet been converted. Generally a given province is entirely tiled by
	-- prefecture-level cities, another indication that they should be treated as prefectures and not cities per se.
	-- Yet another indication is that prefecture-level cities can contain counties and county-level cities (which, much
	-- like prefecture-level cities, are effectively counties surrounding a chief city of the county, again which bears
	-- the same name as the county-level city).
	--
	-- For this reason, we treat prefecture-level cities as non-city political divisions, and separately enumerate the
	-- most populous so we can separately categorize districts and counties under them instead of lumping them at the
	-- province level.
	--
	-- Note also that China separately distinguishes &quot;urban area&quot; from &quot;metro area&quot;. Sometimes the two figures are
	-- identical but sometimes the metro area is larger (and very occasionally smaller, which I assume is an error). I'm
	-- guessing that the &quot;urban area&quot; is the contiguous urban area over a certain density while the metro area includes
	-- all urban areas above a certain density; when the latter is greater, it's because of satellite cities in the
	-- metro area separated by suburban/exurban or rural land.

	-- At first I chose all prefecture/province-level cities with a total prefecture/province-level population of at
	-- least 6,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/admin/ (a total
	-- of 67, including the four direct-administered municipalities), and also chose all prefecture/province-level
	-- cities whose &quot;urban population&quot; was at least 2,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List of cities in China by population#Cities and towns by population]] (a total of 61 cities; if we cut off
	-- at 1.5 million we'd have 84 cities, and if we cut off at 1 million we'd have 105 cities). Merging them produces
	-- 87 cities. Note that this leaves off a few well-known cities (Guilin, Qiqihar, Kashgar, Lhasa, ...) but includes
	-- a lot of obscure cities.
	--
	-- At a later date I added all cities from citypopulation.de whose &quot;urban&quot; population per the 2020 China census was
	-- &gt;= 1 million, and then finally added all urban agglomerations from citypopulation.de whose 2025-01-01 estimate
	-- was &gt;= 1 million. These are sorted below by the urban agglomeration value (which is generally of the &quot;adm-urb&quot; =
	-- &quot;administrative area (urban population)&quot; type) and sometimes groups nearby cities into a single agglomeration
	-- (most notably in the case of the Pearl River Delta, grouped under Guangzhou with an agglomeration population of
	-- 72,700,000 but including a large number of nearby large cities in the agglomeration (although for some reason not
	-- Hong Kong, maybe due to the administrative issues involved). In addition, citypopulation.de includes divisions
	-- under a prefecture-level city if they are city-like and have an agglomeration population of at least 1 million;
	-- this includes several county-level cities, one county and one district (Wanzhou, a &quot;district&quot; of Chongqing
	-- despite being 142 miles away). None of the county-level cities or counties have districts under them, only
	-- subdistricts, towns and townships.

	[&quot;Guangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 18.7 prefectural, 18.8 urban; sub-provincial city; 16.097 urban (72.700 adm-urb including Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Zhongshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongguan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 10.5 prefectural, 10.5 urban; 9.645 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Foshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 9.5 prefectural, 9.5 urban; 9.043 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Huizhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.0 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.900 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jiangmen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.798 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.795 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shenzhen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 17.5 prefectural, 14.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 17.445 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhongshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.418 prefectural, 4.4 urban; 3.842 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shanghai&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 24.9 prefectural, 29.9 urban; 21.910 urban (41.600 adm-urb including Changshu, Changzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changshu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.231 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Cangzhou in Hebei
	[&quot;Changzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 5.278 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 3.187 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: There is also a prefecture-level city Suzhou in Anhui with 5.3 million prefectural inhabitants
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 12.8 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 5.893 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Wuxi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 3.3 urban; 3.957 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Beijing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 21.9 prefectural, 21.9 urban; 18.961 urban (21.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chengdu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 20.9 prefectural, 16.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 13.568 urban (18.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiamen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 5.163 prefectural, 5.2 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.617 urban (15.400 adm-urb including Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Putian) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 1.416 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Quanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.7 urban (6.7 metro); 1.469 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Putian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 3.210 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.539 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Hangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 11.9 prefectural, 10.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.236 urban (14.600 adm-urb including Shaoxing) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 5.270 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.333 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Hangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Xi'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 12.1 prefectural, 11.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.393 urban (13.400 adm-urb including Xianyang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.193 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xi'an agglomeration
	[&quot;Chongqing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 32.1 prefectural, 16.9 urban; 9.581 urban (12.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 12.4 prefectural, 12.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 10.495 urban (12.600 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tianjin&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 13.9 prefectural, 13.9 urban; 11.052 urban (11.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.630 urban (11.500 adm-urb including Xiangtan, Zhuzhou) per citypopulation.de
	-- Changsha County -- 1.024 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.510 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Changsha agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhengzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 12.6 prefectural, 6.7 urban; 6.461 urban (10.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanjing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.3 prefectural, 9.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.520 urban (9.500 adm-urb including Ma'anshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shenyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 7.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.026 urban (8.800 adm-urb including Fushun) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fushun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.229 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shenyang agglomeration
	[&quot;Hefei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 4.2 urban; 5.056 urban (8.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shantou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 5.502 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.839 urban (8.050 adm-urb including Chaozhou, Jieyang, Puning) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chaozhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jieyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.243 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Qingdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 10.1 prefectural, 7.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 6.165 urban (7.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ningbo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 5.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 3.731 urban (7.600 adm-urb including Cixi, Yuyao) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Cixi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.458 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	[&quot;Yuyao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.014 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	-- Hong Kong 7.500 agglomeration per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 estimate including Kowloon, Victoria
	[&quot;Wenzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.6 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 2.582 urban (7.000 adm-urb including Rui'an, Cangnan, Pingyang) per citypopulation.de
	-- Rui'an is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Wenzhou but in fact is 19 miles away from Wenzhou city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Rui'an&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Wenzhou&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 1.013 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Wenzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Kunming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 8.5 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.273 urban (6.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Láiwú city
	[&quot;Jinan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.2 prefectural, 8.4 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.648 urban (6.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Xīnjí city
	[&quot;Shijiazhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.2 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 5.090 urban (6.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taiyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 5.304 prefectural, 4.5 urban; 4.304 urban (6.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Harbin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 7.0 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.243 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanning&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 8.7 prefectural, 3.8 urban; 4.583 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dalian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.914 urban (5.400 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guiyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 5.987 prefectural, 3.5 urban; 4.021 urban (5.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changchun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.557 urban (5.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 3.6 (3.9?) urban, 5.3 metro; 3.519 urban (5.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ürümqi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.054 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.843 urban (5.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Urumqi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ürümqi&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.3 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 3.723 urban (4.775 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 11.0 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.744 urban (4.650 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 4.704 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.750 urban (3.975 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.231 urban (3.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gansu&quot;}, -- 4.359 prefectural, 3.1 urban; 3.013 urban (3.575 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nantong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.988 urban (3.475 adm-urb) citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weifang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.998 urban (3.325 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiangyin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.331 urban (3.200 adm-urb including Zhangjiagang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiagang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.056 urban per citypopulation.de; included in Jiangyin figures
	[&quot;Xuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.846 urban (3.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Handan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.8 urban; 2.095 urban (2.925 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hohhot&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 3.446 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 2.373 urban (2.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Haikou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hainan&quot;}, -- 2.873 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.349 urban (2.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tangshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 3.4 urban; 2.550 urban (2.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinxiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 1.2 urban, 2.7 metro; 1.271 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yiwu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.481 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuhai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 2.439 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.207 urban (2.675 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.486 urban (2.625 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;},
	[&quot;Yantai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.312 urban (2.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yinchuan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.663 urban (2.525 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liuzhou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.157 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.205 urban (2.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.480 urban (2.350 adm-urb including Liáoyáng) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 2.067 urban (2.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (2.275 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qinghai&quot;}, -- 1.677 urban (2.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Dìngzhōu city and Xióngān Xīnqū
	[&quot;Baoding&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.5 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.940 urban (2.225 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baotou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 2.709 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.104 urban (2.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ganzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.778 urban (2.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Pingdingshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.046 urban (2.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zunyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 2.4 urban/metro; 1.675 urban (2.025 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bengbu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Datong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 3.105 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.810 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (1.960 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.556 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 1.805 urban (1.940 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zaozhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.350 urban (1.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhanjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 1.9 urban; 1.401 urban (1.890 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huainan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.256 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.4 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.700 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Daqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.604 urban (1.860 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.598 urban (1.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guilin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.361 urban (1.830 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Mianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.549 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiangyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.686 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.084 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Puyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.824 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangqiu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.8 prefectural, 1.9 urban (2.8 metro); 1.031 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qinhuangdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.520 urban (1.740 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xingtai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 971,000 urban; 1.5 urban (1.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.7 prefectural, 2.1 urban/metro; 1.481 urban (1.680 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaozuo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.875 urban (1.640 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 1.509 urban (1.610 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jilin City&quot;},
	[&quot;Jinhua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.041 urban (1.590 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangrao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.5 prefectural, 2.1 urban, 1.3 metro [sic]; 1.342 urban (1.580 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Heze&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.3 urban; 1.294 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yulin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 0.878 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.417 urban (1.560 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weihai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.340 urban (1.510 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Taizhou, Jiangsu would be here (1.490 adm-urb) but moved to china_prefecture_level_cities_2 to avoid clash
	[&quot;Yancheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 6.7 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.353 urban (1.460 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiakou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.339 urban (1.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Maoming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 1.308 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fuyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 8.2 prefectural, 2.1 urban; 1.191 urban (1.410 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xuchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.850 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yichang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.284 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dazhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.136 urban (1.380 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Kaifeng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.194 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.128 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qingyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.198 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huaibei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 0.831 urban (1.330 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yibin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.310 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lu'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.070 urban (1.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.843 urban (1.290 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Rizhao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.147 urban (1.270 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changzhi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 1.047 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.185 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.021 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liaocheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.020 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changde&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Suqian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.082 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 1.4 urban/metro; 1.015 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baoji&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.108 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yueyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.125 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhenjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.124 urban (1.210 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Wanzhou is a &quot;district&quot; of the &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot; of Chongqing but in fact is 142 miles away from Chongqing city proper.
	[&quot;Wanzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;district&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Chongqing&quot;, placetype = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (1.190 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ulanhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.093 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chifeng&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulankhad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhaoqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.036 urban (1.160 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lianyungang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.599 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.071 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qujing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 0.976 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Shuyang is a &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Suqian but in fact is 38 miles away from Suqian city proper (urban core to urban core).
	-- The county itself is 37 miles by 34 miles.
	[&quot;Shuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Suqian&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l County&quot;}, -- 0.986 urban (1.120 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Yongkang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Jinhua but in fact is 32 miles away from Jinhua city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Yongkang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Jinhua&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Zhejiang&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.110 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhoukou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 721,000 urban (1.6 metro); &lt; 0.750 urban (1.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Beihai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- &lt; 1 urban (1.090 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiujiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 802,000 urban, 1.4 metro; &lt; 1 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 0.885 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shiyan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 0.955 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huludao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.764 urban (1.060 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongying&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.961 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guigang&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 0.921 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Liuyang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Changsha but in fact is 47 miles away from Changsha city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Liuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Changsha&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.886 urban (1.040 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Changzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Cangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.3 prefectural, 621,000 urban; 0.759 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liupanshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Panjin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.980 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qiqihar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.030 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linfen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Tengzhou is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Zaozhuang but in fact is 30 miles away from Zaozhuang city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Tengzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Zaozhuang&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.937 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de

	-- 3 extra that got added in earlier incarnations and aren't found in the &quot;major agglomerations of the world&quot; page https://citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/ reference date 2025-01-01
	[&quot;Kunshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.652 urban (2020 China census) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhumadian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 722,000 urban per Wikipedia; 0.754 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bijie&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.9 prefectural, ? urban, ? metro (not listed in Wikipedia); &lt; 0.750 urban per citypopulation.de
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot; or &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities,
}

-- Needed to avoid problems with two cities called Taizhou and Suzhou.
export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2 = {
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Taizhou in Zhejiang.
	[&quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.3 urban (1.490 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;},
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Suzhou in Jiangsu.
	[&quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 5.3 prefectural, 1.766 metro and &quot;urban&quot;; &lt; 1 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	-- hopefully this will work because we also have Suzhou as a key by itself for the larger, more-well-known Suzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;},
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2 = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;.
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2,
}

export.finland_regions = {
	[&quot;Lapland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kainuu, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;South Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pirkanmaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satakunta, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijät-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kanta-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kymenlaakso, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Åland&quot;},
	[&quot;Åland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
}

-- regions of Finland
export.finland_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.finland_regions,
}

export.france_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brittany, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Centre-Val de Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Corsica, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- overseas departments are handled in `export.country_like_entities`
	-- [&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Grand Est, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hauts-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Île-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Occitanie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Pays de la Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of France
export.france_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
	-- Canonically these are 'administrative regions' but also treat as 'region' ('administrative region' falls back
	-- to 'region').
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
	},
	data = export.france_administrative_regions,
}

export.france_departments = {
	[&quot;Ain, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 01
	[&quot;Aisne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 02
	[&quot;Allier, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 03
	[&quot;Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 04
	[&quot;Hautes-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 05
	[&quot;Alpes-Maritimes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 06
	[&quot;Ardèche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 07
	[&quot;Ardennes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 08
	[&quot;Ariège, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 09
	[&quot;Aube, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 10
	[&quot;Aude, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 11
	[&quot;Aveyron, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 12
	[&quot;Bouches-du-Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 13
	[&quot;Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 14
	[&quot;Cantal, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 15
	[&quot;Charente, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 16
	[&quot;Charente-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 17
	[&quot;Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 18
	[&quot;Corrèze, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 19
	[&quot;Corse-du-Sud, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2A
	[&quot;Haute-Corse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2B
	[&quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 21
	[&quot;Côte d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 22
	[&quot;Côtes d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Creuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 23
	[&quot;Dordogne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 24
	[&quot;Doubs, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 25
	[&quot;Drôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 26
	[&quot;Eure, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 27
	[&quot;Eure-et-Loir, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 28
	[&quot;Finistère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 29
	[&quot;Gard, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 30
	[&quot;Haute-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 31
	[&quot;Gers, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 32
	[&quot;Gironde, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 33
	[&quot;Hérault, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 34
	[&quot;Ille-et-Vilaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 35
	[&quot;Indre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 36
	[&quot;Indre-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 37
	[&quot;Isère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 38
	[&quot;Jura, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 39
	[&quot;Landes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 40
	[&quot;Loir-et-Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 41
	[&quot;Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 42
	[&quot;Haute-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 43
	[&quot;Loire-Atlantique, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 44
	[&quot;Loiret, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 45
	[&quot;Lot, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 46
	[&quot;Lot-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 47
	[&quot;Lozère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 48
	[&quot;Maine-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 49
	[&quot;Manche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 50
	[&quot;Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 51
	[&quot;Haute-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 52
	[&quot;Mayenne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 53
	[&quot;Meurthe-et-Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 54
	[&quot;Meuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 55
	[&quot;Morbihan, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 56
	[&quot;Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 57
	[&quot;Nièvre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 58
	[&quot;Nord, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (French department)&quot;}, -- 59
	[&quot;Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 60
	[&quot;Orne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 61
	[&quot;Pas-de-Calais, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 62
	[&quot;Puy-de-Dôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 63
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Atlantiques, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 64
	[&quot;Hautes-Pyrénées, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 65
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Orientales, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 66
	[&quot;Bas-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 67
	[&quot;Haut-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 68
	[&quot;Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 69D
	[&quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, the = true}, -- 69M
	[&quot;Lyon Metropolis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Haute-Saône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 70
	[&quot;Saône-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 71
	[&quot;Sarthe, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 72
	[&quot;Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 73
	[&quot;Haute-Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 74
	[&quot;Paris, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 75
	[&quot;Seine-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 76
	[&quot;Seine-et-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 77
	[&quot;Yvelines, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 78
	[&quot;Deux-Sèvres, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 79
	[&quot;Somme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 80
	[&quot;Tarn, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 81
	[&quot;Tarn-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 82
	[&quot;Var, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 83
	[&quot;Vaucluse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 84
	[&quot;Vendée, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 85
	[&quot;Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 86
	[&quot;Haute-Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 87
	[&quot;Vosges, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 88
	[&quot;Yonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 89
	[&quot;Territoire de Belfort, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 90
	[&quot;Essonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 91
	[&quot;Hauts-de-Seine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 92
	[&quot;Seine-Saint-Denis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 93
	[&quot;Val-de-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 94
	[&quot;Val-d'Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 95
	--[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guadeloupe&quot;}, -- 971
	--[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {container = &quot;Martinique&quot;}, -- 972
	--[&quot;Guyane&quot;] = {container = &quot;French Guiana&quot;, wp = &quot;French Guiana&quot;}, -- 973
	--[&quot;La Réunion&quot;] = {container = &quot;Réunion&quot;, wp = &quot;Réunion&quot;}, -- 974
	--[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mayotte&quot;}, -- 976
}

export.france_departments_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;),
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;department&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	},
	data = export.france_departments,
}

export.germany_states = {
	[&quot;Baden-Württemberg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bavaria, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are effectively city-states and don't have districts ([[Kreise]]), so override
	-- the default_divs setting. Better not to include them at all since they're included as cities down below.
	-- [&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Brandenburg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	-- [&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Hesse, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Rhine-Westphalia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rhineland-Palatinate, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saarland, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony-Anhalt, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Schleswig-Holstein, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Thuringia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Germany
export.germany_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	data = export.germany_states,
}

export.greece_regions = {
	[&quot;Attica, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Crete, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Epirus, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Ionian Islands, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	-- I would expect 'the Peloponnese' but Wikipedia mostly has categories like [[w:Category:Geography of Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- and [[w:Category:Buildings and structures in Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]; only [[w:Category:People from the Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- has &quot;the&quot; in it.
	[&quot;Peloponnese, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;South Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Thessaly, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Athos, กรีซ&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;Monastic community of Mount Athos&quot;},
}

-- regions of Greece
export.greece_group = {
	default_container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.greece_regions,
}

local india_polity_with_divisions = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;}
local india_polity_without_divisions = {&quot;districts&quot;}

-- States and union territories of India. Only some of them are divided into divisions.
export.india_states_and_union_territories = {
	[&quot;Andaman and Nicobar Islands, อินเดีย&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Andhra Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Arunachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Assam, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Bihar, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Chhattisgarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Goa, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Gujarat, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Haryana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Himachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jharkhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Karnataka, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Kerala, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Ladakh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Lakshadweep, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Madhya Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Maharashtra, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Manipur, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Meghalaya, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Mizoram, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Nagaland, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Odisha, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pondicherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Punjab, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajasthan, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Sikkim, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tamil Nadu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Telangana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tripura, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttar Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttarakhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;West Bengal, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
}

-- states and union territories of India
export.india_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินเดีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.india_states_and_union_territories,
}

export.indonesia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Aceh, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bali, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bangka Belitung Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Banten, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bengkulu, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorontalo, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Jakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Jambi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lampung, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Riau, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Riau Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Southeast Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
}

-- provinces of Indonesia
export.indonesia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- per https://www.quora.com/Does-Indonesia-use-British-or-American-English, อินโดนีเซีย tends to use American
	-- spellings.
	data = export.indonesia_provinces,
}

export.iran_provinces = {
	[&quot;Alborz, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AL, capital [[w:Karaj]]
	[&quot;Ardabil, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AR, capital [[w:Ardabil]]
	[&quot;Bushehr, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation BU, capital [[w:Bushehr]]
	[&quot;Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation CB, capital [[w:Shahr-e Kord]]
	[&quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation EA, capital [[w:Tabriz]]
	[&quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation FA, capital [[w:Shiraz]]
	[&quot;Pars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gilan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GN, capital [[w:Rasht]]
	[&quot;Golestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GO, capital [[w:Gorgan]]
	[&quot;Hamadan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HA, capital [[w:Hamadan]]
	[&quot;Hormozgan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HO, capital [[w:Bandar Abbas]]
	[&quot;Ilam, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IL, capital [[w:Ilam, อิหร่าน|Ilam]]
	[&quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IS, capital [[w:Isfahan]]
	[&quot;Kerman, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KN, capital [[w:Kerman]]
	[&quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KE, capital [[w:Kermanshah]]
	[&quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KH, capital [[w:Ahvaz]]
	[&quot;Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KB, capital [[w:Yasuj]]
	[&quot;Kurdistan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KU, capital [[w:Sanandaj]]
	[&quot;Lorestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation LO, capital [[w:Khorramabad]]
	[&quot;Markazi, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MA, capital [[w:Arak, อิหร่าน|Arak]]
	[&quot;Mazandaran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MN, capital [[w:Sari, อิหร่าน|Sari]]
	[&quot;North Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation NK, capital [[w:Bojnord]]
	[&quot;Qazvin, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QA, capital [[w:Qazvin]]
	[&quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QM, capital [[w:Qom]]
	[&quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation RK, capital [[w:Mashhad]]
	[&quot;Semnan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SE, capital [[w:Semnan, อิหร่าน|Semnan]]
	[&quot;Sistan and Baluchestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SB, capital [[w:Zahedan]]
	[&quot;South Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SK, capital [[w:Birjand]]
	[&quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation TE, capital [[w:Tehran]]
	[&quot;West Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation WA, capital [[w:Urmia]]
	[&quot;Yazd, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation YA, capital [[w:Yazd]]
	[&quot;Zanjan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation ZA, capital [[w:Zanjan, อิหร่าน|Zanjan]]
}

-- provinces of Iran
export.iran_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, อิหร่าน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, อิหร่าน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อิหร่าน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There aren't nearly enough counties of Iran currently entered in any language to allow for categorizing them
	-- per-province. (As of 2025-05-09, there are only 6 counties in each of [[Category:en:Counties of Iran]],
	-- [[Category:fa:Counties of Iran]] and [[Category:ar:Counties of Iran]].)
	-- default_divs = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.iran_provinces,
}

export.ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Carlow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cavan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Clare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Donegal, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Galway, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kerry, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kildare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kilkenny, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Laois, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Leitrim, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Limerick, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Longford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Louth, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Meath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Monaghan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Offaly, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Roscommon, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Sligo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Tipperary, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Waterford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Westmeath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wexford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wicklow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
}

local function make_irish_type_key_to_placename(container_pattern)
	return function(key)
		key = key:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
		local elliptical_key = key:gsub(&quot;^County &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		return key, elliptical_key
	end
end

local function make_irish_type_placename_to_key(container_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		if not placename:find(&quot;^County &quot;) and not placename:find(&quot;^City &quot;) then
			placename = &quot;County &quot; .. placename
		end
		return placename .. container_suffix
	end
end

-- counties of Ireland
export.ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.ireland_counties,
}

export.italy_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Abruzzo, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aosta Valley, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Apulia, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Basilicata, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Calabria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campania, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Emilia-Romagna, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lazio, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liguria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lombardy, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marche, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Molise, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piedmont, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sardinia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sicily, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tuscany, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Umbria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veneto, Italy&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of Italy
export.italy_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อิตาลี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.italy_administrative_regions,
}

-- table of Japanese prefectures; interpolated into the main 'places' table, but also needed separately
export.japan_prefectures = {
	[&quot;ไอจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อากิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อาโอโมริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จิบะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เอฮิเมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูอิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กิฟุ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กุมมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮิโรชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮกไกโด, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {divs = &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, wp = &quot;ฮกไกโด&quot;},
	[&quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Hyogo, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;อิบารากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิชิกาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิวาเตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คาโงชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คานางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Kochi, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;คูมาโมโตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เกียวโต, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิเอะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยางิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาโนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นาระ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นีงาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Oita, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;โอกายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอกินาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอซากะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซางะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไซตามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิมาเนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิซูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทจิงิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ทตโตริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทยามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;วากายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางูจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามานาชิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
}

-- prefectures of Japan
export.japan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.japan_prefectures,
}

export.laos_provinces = {
	[&quot;Attapeu Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bokeo Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bolikhamxai Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Champasak Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Houaphanh Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khammouane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Namtha Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Prabang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oudomxay Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Phongsaly Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salavan Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Savannakhet Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Prefecture, Laos&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;prefecture&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Sainyabuli Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sekong Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xaisomboun Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xiangkhouang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
}

local function laos_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Vientiane Prefecture&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; Province$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; Province, Laos&quot;
end

-- provinces of Laos
export.laos_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Laos$&quot;, {&quot; Province$&quot;, &quot; Prefecture$&quot;}),
	placename_to_key = laos_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Laos&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;%e province&quot;,
	data = export.laos_provinces,
}

export.lebanon_governorates = {
	[&quot;Akkar Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beirut Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	-- These two are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of `gov/North Governorate` or
	-- `gov/South Governorate` with `c/Lebanon`.
	[&quot;North Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;South Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- governorates of Lebanon
export.lebanon_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Lebanon$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Lebanon&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.lebanon_governorates,
}

export.malaysia_states = {
	[&quot;Johor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kedah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kelantan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Malacca, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pahang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perlis, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sabah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sarawak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Selangor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Terengganu, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Malaysia
export.malaysia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.malaysia_states,
}

export.malta_regions = {
	-- Some of the regions are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of e.g.
	-- `r/Northern Region` with `c/Malta`. In particular;
	-- * &quot;Eastern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Iceland, Nigeria, Venezuela, North Macedonia and
	--   El Salvador;
	-- * &quot;Northern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria, Canada and South Africa;
	-- * &quot;Western Region&quot; also occurs at least in Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, South Africa, Ghana, Iceland, Nepal, Nigeria,
	--   Serbia and Uganda;
	-- * &quot;Southern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Nigeria, Eritrea, Iceland, ไอร์แลนด์, Malawi and Serbia.
	[&quot;Eastern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Gozo Region, Malta&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Port Region, Malta&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Western Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- regions of Malta
export.malta_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Malta$&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Malta&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Malta&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	default_the = true,
	data = export.malta_regions,
}

export.mexico_states = {
	[&quot;Aguascalientes, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	-- not display-canonicalizing because the &quot;Norte&quot; could be for emphasis
	[&quot;Baja California Norte, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Baja California Sur, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campeche, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chiapas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chihuahua, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Coahuila, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colima, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Durango, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guanajuato, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guerrero, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hidalgo, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jalisco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- [&quot;Mexico City, Mexico&quot;] = {}, doesn't belong here because it's a city
	[&quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michoacan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Morelos, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nayarit, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo Leon, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Oaxaca, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Puebla, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queretaro, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Quintana Roo, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Sinaloa, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sonora, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tabasco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tamaulipas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tlaxcala, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veracruz, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zacatecas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
}

-- Mexican states
export.mexico_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_states,
}

export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units = {
	[&quot;Anenii Noi District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Anenii Noi]]
	[&quot;Basarabeasca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Basarabeasca]]
	[&quot;Briceni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Briceni]]
	[&quot;Cahul District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cahul]]
	[&quot;Cantemir District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cantemir, Moldova|Cantemir]]
	[&quot;Călărași District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Călărași, Moldova|Călărași]]
	[&quot;Căușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Căușeni]]
	[&quot;Cimișlia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cimișlia]]
	[&quot;Criuleni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Criuleni]]
	[&quot;Dondușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dondușeni]]
	[&quot;Drochia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Drochia]]
	[&quot;Dubăsari District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cocieri]]
	[&quot;Edineț District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Edineț]]
	[&quot;Fălești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Fălești]]
	[&quot;Florești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Florești, Moldova|Florești]]
	[&quot;Glodeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Glodeni]]
	[&quot;Hîncești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hîncești]]
	[&quot;Ialoveni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ialoveni]]
	[&quot;Leova District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Leova]]
	[&quot;Nisporeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nisporeni]]
	[&quot;Ocnița District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ocnița]]
	[&quot;Orhei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Orhei]]
	[&quot;Rezina District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rezina]]
	[&quot;Rîșcani District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rîșcani]]
	[&quot;Sîngerei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sîngerei]]
	[&quot;Soroca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Soroca]]
	[&quot;Strășeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Strășeni]]
	[&quot;Șoldănești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Șoldănești]]
	[&quot;Ștefan Vodă District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ștefan Vodă]]
	[&quot;Taraclia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Taraclia]]
	[&quot;Telenești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Telenești]]
	[&quot;Ungheni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ungheni]]
	[&quot;Chișinău, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Bălți, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gagauzia, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Comrat]]
	-- the remainder are under the de-facto control of the unrecognized state of Transnistria
	[&quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Tighina, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;},
	[&quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Tiraspol]]
	[&quot;Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
}

local function moldova_placename_to_key(placename)
	local elliptical_key = placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	if export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units[elliptical_key] then
		return elliptical_key
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Moldova&quot;
end

-- Moldovan districts (raions) and autonomous territorial units
export.moldova_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Moldova$&quot;, &quot; District&quot;),
	placename_to_key = moldova_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Moldova&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;raion&quot;},
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units,
}

export.morocco_regions = {
	[&quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;L'Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra&quot;},
	[&quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra&quot;},
	[&quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Marrakesh–Safi&quot;}, -- WP title has en-dash
	[&quot;Marrakech-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Drâa-Tafilalet&quot;},
	[&quot;Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guelmim-Oued Noun, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies partly within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;
	},
	[&quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {
		wp = &quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra&quot;,
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies almost completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
}

-- regions of Morocco
export.morocco_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Morocco&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.morocco_regions,
}

export.egypt_governorates = {
	[&quot;Cairo Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giza Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sharqia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beheira Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minya Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sohag Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alexandria Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gharbia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asyut Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Monufia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faiyum Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qena Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Damietta Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aswan Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ismailia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luxor Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suez Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Port Said Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Matrouh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Red Sea Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Valley Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
}

-- governorates of Egypt
export.egypt_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Egypt$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Egypt&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.egypt_governorates,
}

export.netherlands_provinces = {
	[&quot;Drenthe, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Flevoland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friesland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gelderland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Groningen, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Limburg, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	-- Foreign forms get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Noord-Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Noord-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Overijssel, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zuid-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Utrecht, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Zeeland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of the Netherlands
export.netherlands_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.netherlands_provinces,
}

export.new_zealand_regions = {
	-- North Island regions
	[&quot;Northland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NTL, number 1, capital [[Whangārei]]
	[&quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-AUK, number 2, capital [[Auckland]]
	[&quot;Waikato, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WKO, number 3, capital [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]]
	[&quot;Bay of Plenty, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-BOP, number 4, capital [[Whakatāne]]
	[&quot;Gisborne, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-GIS, number 5, capital [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]]
	[&quot;Hawke's Bay, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-HKB, number 6, capital [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]]
	[&quot;Taranaki, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TKI, number 7, capital [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]]
	[&quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MWT, number 8, capital [[Palmerston North]]
	[&quot;Manawatu-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Wellington, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WGN, number 9, capital [[Wellington]]
	-- South Island regions
	[&quot;Tasman, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TAS, number 10, capital [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]]
	[&quot;Nelson, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, is_city = true}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NSN, number 11, capital [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]
	[&quot;Marlborough, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MBH, number 12, capital [[Blenheim, New Zealand|Blenheim]]
	[&quot;West Coast, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WTC, number 13, capital [[Greymouth]]
	[&quot;Canterbury, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-CAN, number 14, capital [[Christchurch]]
	[&quot;Otago, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-OTA, number 15, capital [[Dunedin]]
	[&quot;Southland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-STL, number 16, capital [[Invercargill]]
}

-- regions of New Zealand
export.new_zealand_group = {
	default_container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.new_zealand_regions,
}

export.nigeria_states = {
	[&quot;Abia State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Adamawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Anambra State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bauchi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bayelsa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benue State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Borno State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cross River State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Delta State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ebonyi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Edo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ekiti State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Enugu State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;] = {
		-- not a state but allow it to be referenced as one in holonyms
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, the = true, wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Gombe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Imo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jigawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaduna State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kano State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Katsina State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kebbi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kogi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kwara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lagos State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nasarawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Niger State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ogun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ondo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Osun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oyo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Plateau State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rivers State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sokoto State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taraba State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yobe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamfara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Nigeria
export.nigeria_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Nigeria$&quot;, &quot; State$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Nigeria&quot;, &quot; State&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_states,
}

export.north_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;Chagang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kangwon Province, North Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ryanggang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of North Korea
export.north_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, North Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, North Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;North Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.north_korea_provinces,
}

export.norwegian_counties = {
	[&quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rogaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Møre og Romsdal, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nordland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Østfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akershus, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Buskerud, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Innlandet
	-- [&quot;Hedmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Oppland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Innlandet, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Telemark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Agder
	-- [&quot;Aust-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Vest-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Vestland
	-- [&quot;Hordaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sogn og Fjordane, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Trøndelag, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Troms, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Finnmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Norway
export.norway_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.norwegian_counties,
}

export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Balochistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		divs = {}, -- no divisions
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	-- Islamabad is an accepted alias for Islamabad Capital Territory given the above placetypes
	[&quot;Islamabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Punjab, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Sindh, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and territories of Pakistan
export.pakistan_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Pakistan&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;divisions&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.philippines_provinces = {
	[&quot;Abra, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Agusan del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agusan del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aklan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Albay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Antique, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Apayao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aurora, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Basilan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bataan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batangas, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benguet, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Biliran, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bohol, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bukidnon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bulacan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cagayan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camiguin, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Capiz, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Catanduanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cavite, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cebu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao de Oro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dinagat Islands, Philippines&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Eastern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guimaras, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ifugao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iloilo, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Isabela, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Kalinga, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Union, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Laguna, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Lanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marinduque, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Masbate, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mountain Province, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Ecija, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occidental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Palawan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pampanga, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pangasinan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quezon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quirino, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rizal, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Romblon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sarangani, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Siquijor, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sorsogon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sultan Kudarat, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sulu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tarlac, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tawi-Tawi, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zambales, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	-- not a province but treated as one; allow it to be referred to as a province in holonyms
	[&quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
}

-- provinces of the Philippines
export.philippines_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Philippines&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;},
	data = export.philippines_provinces,
}

export.poland_voivodeships = {
	[&quot;Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr DS, code 02, capital Wrocław
	[&quot;Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr KP, code 04, capital Bydgoszcz (seat of voivode), Toruń (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lublin Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LU, code 06, capital Lublin
	[&quot;Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LB, code 08, capital Gorzów Wielkopolski (seat of voivode), Zielona Góra (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Łódź Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr LD, code 10, capital Łódź
	[&quot;Łódź Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MA, code 12, capital Kraków
	[&quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MZ, code 14, capital Warsaw
	[&quot;Opole Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr OP, code 16, capital Opole
	[&quot;Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PK, code 18, capital Rzeszów
	[&quot;Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PD, code 20, capital Białystok
	[&quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PM, code 22, capital Gdańsk
	[&quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr SL, code 24, capital Katowice
	[&quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr SK, code 26, capital Kielce
	[&quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WN, code 28, capital Olsztyn
	[&quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WP, code 30, capital Poznań
	[&quot;West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr ZP, code 32, capital Szczecin
}

-- voivodeships of Poland
export.poland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Poland$&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Poland&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Poland&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, -- not enough of them currently
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	},
	data = export.poland_voivodeships,
}

export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions = {
	[&quot;Azores, Portugal&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Aveiro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beja District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Braga District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bragança District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castelo Branco District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Coimbra District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Évora District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guarda District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leiria District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisboa District, Portugal&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Madeira, Portugal&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portalegre District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santarém District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Setúbal District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viana do Castelo District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vila Real District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viseu District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
}

local function portugal_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Azores&quot; or placename == &quot;Madeira&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Portugal&quot;
end

-- districts and autonomous regions of Portugal
export.portugal_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Portugal$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = portugal_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Portugal&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;district&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.romania_counties = {
	[&quot;Alba County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arad County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Argeș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bacău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bihor County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Botoșani County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brașov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brăila County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	-- Bucharest: not in a county
	[&quot;Buzău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Caraș-Severin County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cluj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Constanța County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Covasna County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Călărași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dolj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dâmbovița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galați County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giurgiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Harghita County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunedoara County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ialomița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilfov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maramureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mehedinți County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Neamț County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Olt County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Prahova County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satu Mare County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sibiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suceava County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sălaj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Teleorman County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Timiș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tulcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vaslui County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vrancea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vâlcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Romania
export.romania_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Romania$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Romania&quot;, &quot; County&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Romania&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.romania_counties,
}

local function make_russia_federal_subject_spec(spectype, use_the, wp)
	return {
		placetype = spectype,
		the = not not use_the,
		bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, spectype .. &quot;s&quot;},
		wp = wp,
	}
end

local russia_autonomous_okrug_no_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;}}
local russia_autonomous_okrug_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;},
	 the = true}
local russia_krai = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;krai&quot;)
local russia_oblast = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;)
local russia_republic_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, &quot;use the&quot;)
local russia_republic_no_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;)
export.russia_federal_subjects = {
	-- autonomous oblasts
	[&quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;},
		 bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;}},
	-- autonomous okrugs
	[&quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Chukotka, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khantia-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yugra, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Nenetsia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Yamalia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	-- krais
	[&quot;Altai Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Kamchatka Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Khabarovsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Primorsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Stavropol Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	-- oblasts
	[&quot;Amur Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Astrakhan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Belgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Bryansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Irkutsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ivanovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaluga Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kemerovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kirov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kostroma Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kurgan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kursk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Leningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Lipetsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Magadan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Moscow Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Murmansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Omsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Orenburg Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Oryol Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Penza Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Pskov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Rostov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ryazan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sakhalin Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Samara Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Saratov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Smolensk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tambov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tomsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tula Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tver Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tyumen Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vladimir Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Volgograd Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vologda Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Voronezh Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	-- republics
	--
	-- We only need to include cases that aren't just shortened versions of the full federal subject name (i.e. where
	-- words like &quot;Republic&quot; and &quot;Oblast&quot; are omitted but the name is not otherwise modified; these are handled by
	-- key_to_placename). Non-display-canonicalizing aliases are generally due to differences in the presence or absence
	-- of &quot;the&quot;.
	[&quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Adygea, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkiria, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Karelia&quot;),
	[&quot;Republic of Karelia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;North Ossetia–Alania&quot;), -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Altai Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	[&quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chechen Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chuvash Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkariya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;,
		display = &quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Komi, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Komi Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Komi Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Komi, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Mari El Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Sakha Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yakutiya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;,
		the = true},
	[&quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Tyva, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Tyva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display= &quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Udmurt Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	-- Not included due to being unrecognized and only partly controlled:
	-- [&quot;Crimea, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Crimea (Russia)&quot;)
	-- [&quot;Donetsk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Luhansk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Zaporozhye Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast&quot;),
	-- [&quot;Kherson Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast&quot;),
	-- There are also federal cities (not included because they're cities):
	-- Moscow, Saint Petersburg; Sevastopol (unrecognized; same status as for &quot;Crimea, Russia&quot; above)
}

local function russia_key_to_placename(key)
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local full_placename = key
	if key == &quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast&quot; then
		return full_placename, full_placename
	end
	local elliptical_placename
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		elliptical_placename = key:match(&quot;^(.*) &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;$&quot;)
		if elliptical_placename then
			return full_placename, elliptical_placename
		end
	end
	return full_placename, full_placename
end

local function russia_placename_to_key(placename)
	local key = placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
	if export.russia_federal_subjects[key] then
		return key
	end
	-- We allow the user to say e.g. &quot;obl/Samara&quot; in place of &quot;obl/Samara Oblast&quot;.
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		local suffixed_key = placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
		if export.russia_federal_subjects[suffixed_key] then
			return suffixed_key
		end
	end
	return placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
end

local function construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc(group, key, spec)
	local placename = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local linked_placename = export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename)
	local placetype = spec.placetype
	if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
		placetype = placetype[1]
	end
	if placetype == &quot;oblast&quot; then
		-- Hack: Oblasts generally don't have entries under &quot;Foo Oblast&quot;
		-- but just under &quot;Foo&quot;, so fix the linked key appropriately;
		-- doesn't apply to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
		linked_placename = linked_placename:gsub(&quot; Oblast%]%]&quot;, &quot;%]%] Oblast&quot;)
	end
	return linked_placename .. &quot;, a [[federal subject]] ([[&quot; .. placetype .. &quot;]]) of [[Russia]]&quot;
end

-- federal subjects of Russia
export.russia_group = {
	key_to_placename = russia_key_to_placename,
	placename_to_key = russia_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_keydesc = construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;federal subjects of Russia&quot;, &quot;+++&quot;},
	data = export.russia_federal_subjects,
}

export.saudi_arabia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	-- Name is too generic to assume it's in Saudi Arabia if not specified.
	[&quot;Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Medina Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Asir&quot;},
	[&quot;Asir Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Qassim Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Ḥa'il Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ḥa'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Jawf Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Najran Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Borders Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Saudi Arabia
export.saudi_arabia_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Saudi Arabia$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_provinces,
}

export.south_africa_provinces = {
	[&quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Free State, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Limpopo, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mpumalanga, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	-- per Wikipedia and other sources, `North West` doesn't normally have `the` before it
	[&quot;North West, South Africa&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (South African province)&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- provinces of South Africa
export.south_africa_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Africa&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.south_africa_provinces,
}

export.south_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;North Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gangwon Province, South Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gyeonggi Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jeju Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of South Korea
export.south_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_provinces,
}

export.spain_autonomous_communities = {
	[&quot;Andalusia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aragon, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asturias, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Balearic Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Basque Country, Spain&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (autonomous community)&quot;},
	[&quot;Canary Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Cantabria, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castile and León, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castilla-La Mancha, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Castilla–La Mancha&quot;}, -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Catalonia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Community of Madrid, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Extremadura, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galicia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Spain)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Rioja, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Murcia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Region of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;Navarre, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Valencian Community&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencian Community, Spain&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;, the = true},
}

-- autonomous communities of Spain
export.spain_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Spain&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;comarcas&quot;},
	data = export.spain_autonomous_communities,
}

export.taiwan_counties = {
	[&quot;จางฮว่า, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เจียอี้, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซินจู๋, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮวาเหลียน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จินเหมิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะจินเหมิน&quot;},
	[&quot;เหลียนเจียง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะหมาจู่&quot;},
	[&quot;เหมียวลี่, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;หนานโถว, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เผิงหู, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;เผิงหู&quot;},
	[&quot;ผิงตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไถตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อี๋หลาน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;ยฺหวินหลิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Taiwan
export.taiwan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไต้หวัน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_counties,
}

export.thailand_provinces = { --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
    -- กรุงเทพมหานคร (Bangkok - special administrative area)
    [&quot;อำนาจเจริญ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อ่างทอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บึงกาฬ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บุรีรัมย์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ฉะเชิงเทรา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยนาท, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยภูมิ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;จันทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงใหม่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงราย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชลบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชุมพร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาฬสินธุ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กำแพงเพชร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาญจนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ขอนแก่น, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กระบี่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำปาง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำพูน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เลย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลพบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แม่ฮ่องสอน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มหาสารคาม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มุกดาหาร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครนายก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครปฐม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครพนม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครราชสีมา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครสวรรค์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครศรีธรรมราช, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;น่าน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นราธิวาส, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองบัวลำภู, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองคาย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นนทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปทุมธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปัตตานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พังงา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พัทลุง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พะเยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบูรณ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิจิตร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิษณุโลก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พระนครศรีอยุธยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แพร่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ภูเก็ต, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปราจีนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ประจวบคีรีขันธ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระนอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ราชบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระยอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ร้อยเอ็ด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระแก้ว, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สกลนคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรปราการ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสาคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสงคราม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สตูล, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สิงห์บุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ศรีสะเกษ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สงขลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุโขทัย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุพรรณบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุราษฎร์ธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุรินทร์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตาก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตรัง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตราด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุบลราชธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุดรธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุทัยธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุตรดิตถ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยะลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยโสธร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Thailand
export.thailand_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไทย$&quot;), --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไทย&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไทย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.thailand_provinces,
}

export.turkey_provinces = {
	[&quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 01
	[&quot;Adıyaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 02
	[&quot;Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 03
	[&quot;Ağrı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 04
	[&quot;Amasya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 05
	[&quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 06
	[&quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 07
	[&quot;Artvin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 08
	[&quot;Aydın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 09
	[&quot;Balıkesir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 10
	[&quot;Bilecik Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 11
	[&quot;Bingöl Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 12
	[&quot;Bitlis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 13
	[&quot;Bolu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 14
	[&quot;Burdur Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 15
	[&quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 16
	[&quot;Çanakkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 17
	[&quot;Çankırı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 18
	[&quot;Çorum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 19
	[&quot;Denizli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 20
	[&quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 21
	[&quot;Edirne Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 22
	[&quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 23
	[&quot;Elâzığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Erzincan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 24
	[&quot;Erzurum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 25
	[&quot;Eskişehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 26
	[&quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 27
	[&quot;Giresun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 28
	[&quot;Gümüşhane Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 29
	[&quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 30
	[&quot;Hakkari Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hatay Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 31
	[&quot;Isparta Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 32
	[&quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 33
	-- [&quot;Istanbul Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 34; this is coextensive with the city itself
	[&quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 35
	[&quot;Izmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kars Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 36
	[&quot;Kastamonu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 37
	[&quot;Kayseri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 38
	[&quot;Kırklareli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 39
	[&quot;Kırşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 40
	[&quot;Kocaeli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 41
	[&quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 42
	[&quot;Kütahya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 43
	[&quot;Malatya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 44
	[&quot;Manisa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 45
	[&quot;Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 46
	[&quot;Mardin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 47
	[&quot;Muğla Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 48
	[&quot;Muş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 49
	[&quot;Nevşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 50
	[&quot;Niğde Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 51
	[&quot;Ordu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 52
	[&quot;Rize Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 53
	[&quot;Sakarya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 54
	[&quot;Samsun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 55
	[&quot;Siirt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 56
	[&quot;Sinop Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 57
	[&quot;Sivas Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 58
	[&quot;Tekirdağ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 59
	[&quot;Tokat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 60
	[&quot;Trabzon Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 61
	[&quot;Tunceli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 62
	[&quot;Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 63
	[&quot;Uşak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 64
	[&quot;Van Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 65
	[&quot;Yozgat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 66
	[&quot;Zonguldak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 67
	[&quot;Aksaray Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 68
	[&quot;Bayburt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 69
	[&quot;Karaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 70
	[&quot;Kırıkkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 71
	[&quot;Batman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 72
	[&quot;Şırnak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 73
	[&quot;Bartın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 74
	[&quot;Ardahan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 75
	[&quot;Iğdır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 76
	[&quot;Yalova Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 77
	[&quot;Karabük Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 78
	[&quot;Kilis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 79
	[&quot;Osmaniye Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 80
	[&quot;Düzce Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 81
}

-- provinces of Turkey
export.turkey_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Turkey$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Turkey&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Turkey&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.turkey_provinces,
}

export.ukraine_oblasts = {
	[&quot;Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cherkasy]], license plate prefix CA, IA
	[&quot;Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernihiv]], license plate prefix CB, IB
	[&quot;Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernivtsi]], license plate prefix CE, IE
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Dnipro Oblast'
	[&quot;Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dnipro]], license plate prefix AE, KE
	[&quot;Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Donetsk]] ([[Kramatorsk]])'', license plate prefix AH, KH
	[&quot;Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], license plate prefix AT, KT
	[&quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kharkiv]], license plate prefix AX, KX
	[&quot;Kherson Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Kherson]]'', license plate prefix ''BT, HT''
	[&quot;Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Khmelnytskyi]], license plate prefix BX, HX
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Kropyvnytskyi Oblast'
	[&quot;Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kropyvnytskyi]], license plate prefix BA, HA
	[&quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kyiv]], license plate prefix AI, KI
	[&quot;Kiev Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Luhansk]] ([[Sievierodonetsk]])'', license plate prefix BB, HB
	[&quot;Lviv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lviv]], license plate prefix BC, HC
	[&quot;Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mykolaiv]], license plate prefix BE, HE
	[&quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Odesa]], license plate prefix BH, HH
	[&quot;Odessa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poltava Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Poltava]], license plate prefix BI, HI
	[&quot;Rivne Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rivne]], license plate prefix BK, HK
	[&quot;Sumy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sumy]], license plate prefix BM, HM
	[&quot;Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ternopil]], license plate prefix BO, HO
	[&quot;Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinnytsia]], license plate prefix AB, KB
	[&quot;Volyn Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lutsk]], license plate prefix AC, KC
	[&quot;Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Uzhhorod]], license plate prefix AO, KO
	[&quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Zaporizhzhia]]'', license plate prefix AP, KP
	[&quot;Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Zhytomyr]], license plate prefix AM, KM
}

-- oblasts of Ukraine
export.ukraine_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Ukraine$&quot;, &quot; Oblast$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Ukraine&quot;, &quot; Oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;},
	data = export.ukraine_oblasts,
}

export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries = {
	[&quot;England&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Northern Ireland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Scotland&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;council areas&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;districts&quot;,
	}},
	[&quot;Wales&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;county boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;Welsh communities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false}}},
	}},
}

-- constituent countries and provinces of the United Kingdom
export.united_kingdom_group = {
	placename_to_key = false,
	default_container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		&quot;traditional counties&quot;,
		{type = &quot;historical counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;traditional counties&quot;},
	},
	-- Don't create categories like 'Category:en:Towns in the United Kingdom'
	-- or 'Category:en:Places in the United Kingdom'.
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	data = export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries,
}

export.england_counties = {
	-- NOTE: We used to have various other &quot;no longer&quot; counties commented out, which seems to refer to counties that
	-- existed officially at some point between 1889 and 1974, which I have removed. I have only kept the three
	-- ceremonial counties that existed from 1974 (when ceremonial counties were created) to 1996, as well as those
	-- still considered &quot;historic counties&quot; per [[w:Historic counties of England]].
	-- [&quot;Avon, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Bedfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Berkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Brighton and Hove, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	-- [&quot;Bristol, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	[&quot;Buckinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cambridgeshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cheshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cleveland, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Cornwall, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cumberland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Cumbria, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Derbyshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Devon, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dorset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Durham, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Essex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gloucestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater London, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater Manchester, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Herefordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hertfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Humberside, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	-- [&quot;Huntingdonshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Isle of Wight, England&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Kent, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lancashire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leicestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lincolnshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Merseyside, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Middlesex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Norfolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northamptonshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northumberland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nottinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oxfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rutland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shropshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Somerset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Humberside, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staffordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suffolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surrey, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sussex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Tyne and Wear, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Warwickshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Midlands, England&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Westmorland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;West Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wiltshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Worcestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;East Riding of Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- counties of England
export.england_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;districts&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;districts&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		&quot;civil parishes&quot;,
	},
	data = export.england_counties,
}

export.northern_ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Antrim, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Armagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Belfast, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Belfast&quot;},
	[&quot;County Down, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Londonderry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Derry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Derry&quot;},
	[&quot;County Tyrone, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Northern Ireland
export.northern_ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, Northern Ireland$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;),
	default_container = {key = &quot;Northern Ireland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.northern_ireland_counties,
}

export.scotland_council_areas = {
	[&quot;Aberdeenshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Angus, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Argyll and Bute, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Aberdeen&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Dundee&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Glasgow&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Clackmannanshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Falkirk, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Fife, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Inverclyde, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Midlothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Moray, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Orkney Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Perth and Kinross, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Scottish Borders, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Shetland Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;South Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Stirling, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;West Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Outer Hebrides&quot;},
	[&quot;Na h-Eileanan Siar, Scotland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;},
}

-- council areas of Scotland
export.scotland_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;council area&quot;,
	data = export.scotland_council_areas,
}

export.wales_principal_areas = {
	[&quot;Blaenau Gwent, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bridgend, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Caerphilly, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Cardiff, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Carmarthenshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Ceredigion, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Conwy, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Denbighshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Flintshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gwynedd, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Merthyr Tydfil, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Monmouthshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Neath Port Talbot, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Newport, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Pembrokeshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Powys, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Swansea, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Torfaen, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vale of Glamorgan, Wales&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Wrexham, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
}

-- principal areas (cities, counties and county boroughs) of Wales
export.wales_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	data = export.wales_principal_areas,
}

export.united_states_states = {
	[&quot;Alabama, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alaska, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;borough seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Arizona, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arkansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;California, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colorado, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Connecticut, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Delaware, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Florida, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Georgia, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (U.S. state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hawaii, USA&quot;] = {addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;}},
	[&quot;Idaho, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Illinois, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Indiana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iowa, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kentucky, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Louisiana, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Maine, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maryland, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Massachusetts, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michigan, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minnesota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mississippi, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Missouri, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Montana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nebraska, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nevada, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Hampshire, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Jersey, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;New Mexico, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New York, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ohio, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oklahoma, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oregon, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pennsylvania, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Rhode Island, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tennessee, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Texas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Utah, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vermont, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Washington, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wisconsin, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wyoming, USA&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of the United States
export.united_states_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, USA&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	data = export.united_states_states,
}

export.vietnam_provinces = {
	-- [[Northeast (Vietnam)|Northeast]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Giang]]
	[&quot;Bắc Kạn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Kạn]]
	[&quot;Cao Bằng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Bằng]]
	[&quot;Hà Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Giang]]
	[&quot;Lạng Sơn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lạng Sơn]]
	[&quot;Phú Thọ, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Việt Trì]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hạ Long]]
	[&quot;Thái Nguyên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Nguyên]]
	[&quot;Tuyên Quang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuyên Quang]]

	-- [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]] region
	[&quot;Lào Cai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lào Cai]]
	[&quot;Yên Bái, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Yên Bái]]
	[&quot;Điện Biên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Điện Biên Phủ]]
	[&quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hoà Bình City|Hoà Bình]]
	[&quot;Hòa Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lai Châu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lai Châu]]
	[&quot;Sơn La, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sơn La]]

	-- [[Red River Delta]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Ninh]]
	[&quot;Hà Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phủ Lý]]
	[&quot;Hải Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hải Dương]]
	[&quot;Hưng Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hưng Yên]]
	[&quot;Nam Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nam Định]]
	[&quot;Ninh Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ninh Bình|Hoa Lư]]
	[&quot;Thái Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Bình]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Phúc, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Yên]]
	-- [&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hoàn Kiếm district]]
	-- [&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hồng Bàng district]]

	-- [[North Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Hà Tĩnh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Tĩnh]]
	[&quot;Nghệ An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinh]]
	[&quot;Quảng Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Hới]]
	[&quot;Quảng Trị, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đông Hà]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thanh Hoá]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hóa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	-- [&quot;Hue&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- capital [[Thuận Hoá district]]

	-- [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]] region
	[&quot;Đắk Lắk, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Buôn Ma Thuột]]
	[&quot;Đăk Nông, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Gia Nghĩa]]
	[&quot;Gia Lai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Pleiku]]
	[&quot;Kon Tum, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kon Tum]]
	[&quot;Lâm Đồng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đà Lạt]]

	-- [[South Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Bình Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quy Nhon]]
	[&quot;Bình Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Thiết]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nha Trang]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hòa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ninh Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm]]
	[&quot;Phú Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuy Hoà]]
	[&quot;Quảng Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tam Kỳ]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ngãi, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quảng Ngãi]]
	-- [&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hải Châu district]]

	-- [[Southeast (Vietnam)|Southeast]] region
	[&quot;Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bà Rịa]]
	[&quot;Bình Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thủ Dầu Một]]
	[&quot;Bình Phước, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Xoài]]
	[&quot;Đồng Nai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Biên Hoà]]
	[&quot;Tây Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tây Ninh]]
	-- [&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[District 1, Ho Chi Minh City|'''District 1''']]

	-- [[Mekong Delta]] region
	[&quot;An Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Long Xuyên]]
	[&quot;Bạc Liêu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bạc Liêu]]
	[&quot;Bến Tre, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bến Tre]]
	[&quot;Cà Mau, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cà Mau]]
	[&quot;Đồng Tháp, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Lãnh City|Cao Lãnh]]
	[&quot;Hậu Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vị Thanh]]
	[&quot;Kiên Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rạch Giá]]
	[&quot;Long An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tân An]]
	[&quot;Sóc Trăng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sóc Trăng]]
	[&quot;Tiền Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mỹ Tho]]
	[&quot;Trà Vinh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Trà Vinh]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Long, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Long]]
	-- [&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
}

-- provinces of Vietnam
export.vietnam_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, เวียดนาม$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_provinces,
}


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                      City data                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_cities = {
	[&quot;Adelaide&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Australia&quot;}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brisbane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Queensland&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Conglomeration; including the Gold Coast [750,997 2024 estiamte])
	[&quot;Canberra&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}}, -- 510,641 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Melbourne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Victoria&quot;}, -- 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 534,033 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;},
	[&quot;Perth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Western Australia&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Sydney&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;}, -- 5,100,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.australia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.australia_cities,
}

export.brazil_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;São Paulo&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 22,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Guarulhos)
	[&quot;Sao Paulo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;}, -- 13,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Belo Horizonte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minas Gerais&quot;}, -- 5,300,000
	[&quot;Recife&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pernambuco&quot;}, -- 4,100,000
	[&quot;Porto Alegre&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Sul&quot;}, -- 3,950,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Brasília&quot;] = {container = &quot;Distrito Federal&quot;}, -- 3,850,000
	[&quot;Brasilia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Brasília&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fortaleza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ceará&quot;}, -- 3,825,000
	[&quot;Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bahia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;}, -- 3,400,000
	[&quot;Curitiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 3,375,000
	[&quot;Campinas&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 3,250,000
	[&quot;Goiânia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Goiás&quot;}, -- 2,525,000
	[&quot;Goiania&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Goiânia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manaus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Amazonas&quot;}, -- 2,275,000
	[&quot;Belém&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pará&quot;}, -- 2,200,000
	[&quot;Belem&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Belém&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Vitória&quot;] = {container = &quot;Espírito Santo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000
	[&quot;Vitoria&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vitória&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,760,000
	[&quot;São Luís&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maranhão&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,530,000
	[&quot;Sao Luis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Luís&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Natal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Norte&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Florianópolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Santa Catarina&quot;}, -- 1,260,000
	[&quot;Florianopolis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Florianópolis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maceió&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alagoas&quot;}, -- 1,220,000
	[&quot;Maceio&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Maceió&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;João Pessoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraíba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,210,000
	[&quot;Joao Pessoa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;João Pessoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São José dos Campos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Sao Jose dos Campos&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São José dos Campos&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Londrina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 1,050,000
	[&quot;Teresina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piauí&quot;}, -- 1,040,000
}

export.brazil_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, บราซิล&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_cities,
}

export.canada_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Toronto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 7,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Hamilton)
	[&quot;Montreal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 4,500,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Vancouver&quot;] = {container = &quot;British Columbia&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Calgary&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Edmonton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,460,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Ottawa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quebec City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 839,311 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Winnipeg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Manitoba&quot;}, -- 834,678 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Hamilton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 785,184 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Kitchener&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 575,847 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
}

export.canada_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.canada_cities,
}

export.france_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Paris&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 11,500,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 2,050,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyons&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lyon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Marseille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Marseilles&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marseille&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Bordeaux&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Toulouse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Nice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;},
	[&quot;Nantes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;},
	[&quot;Strasbourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;},
	[&quot;Rennes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;},
}

export.france_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.france_cities,
}

export.germany_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	-- listed under Rhein-Ruhr Area, total population 10,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cologne&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Köln&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cologne&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Dusseldorf&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Düsseldorf&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dortmund&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Essen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Duisberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {}, -- 4,700,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hesse&quot;}, -- 3,225,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt am Main&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Frankfurt&quot;}, -- not a display alias as it's longer
	[&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {}, -- 2,900,000
	[&quot;Munich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Stuttgart&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Mannheim&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 1,550,000
	[&quot;Nuremberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 1,120,000
	[&quot;Hanover&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Bielefeld&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Leipzig&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Aachen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,000,000
	[&quot;Aix-la-Chapelle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aachen&quot;}, -- historical; not a display alias
	[&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {},
}

export.germany_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เยอรมนี&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.germany_cities,
}

export.india_cities = {
	-- This lists the 65 metro areas per Demographia's 2023 estimates, as found in
	-- [[w:List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India]]. The last census in India (as of April 2025) was
	-- conducted in 2011, and the results are not accurate any more.
	[&quot;Delhi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 31,190,000
	[&quot;Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 25,189,000
	[&quot;Kolkata&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 21,747,000
	[&quot;Bangalore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Bengaluru&quot;}, -- 15,257,000
	[&quot;Bengaluru&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bangalore&quot;},
	[&quot;Chennai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 11,570,000
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Telangana&quot;}, -- 9,797,000
	[&quot;Ahmedabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 8,006,000
	[&quot;Pune&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 6,819,000
	[&quot;Surat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 6,601,000
	[&quot;Lucknow&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,661,000
	[&quot;Jaipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 4,360,000
	[&quot;Kanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,350,000
	[&quot;Indore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,765,000
	[&quot;Nagpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 3,493,000
	[&quot;Patna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bihar&quot;}, -- 3,331,000
	[&quot;Varanasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,229,000
	[&quot;Kozhikode&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 3,049,000
	[&quot;Thiruvananthapuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,851,000
	[&quot;Agra&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,737,000
	[&quot;Bhopal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,562,000
	[&quot;Coimbatore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,551,000
	[&quot;Allahabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;, wp = &quot;Prayagraj&quot;}, -- 2,438,000
	[&quot;Prayagraj&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Allahabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Kochi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,381,000
	[&quot;Ludhiana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,205,000
	[&quot;Vadodara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 2,182,000
	[&quot;Chandigarh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 2,168,000
	[&quot;Madurai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,048,000
	[&quot;Meerut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,011,000
	[&quot;Visakhapatnam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,005,000
	[&quot;Jamshedpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,925,000
	[&quot;Malappuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,868,000
	[&quot;Nashik&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,810,000
	[&quot;Asansol&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,720,000
	[&quot;Aligarh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,660,000
	[&quot;Ranchi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,638,000
	[&quot;Thrissur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,578,000
	[&quot;Kollam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,576,000
	[&quot;Jabalpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,533,000
	[&quot;Dhanbad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,503,000
	[&quot;Jodhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,497,000
	[&quot;Aurangabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,490,000
	[&quot;Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aurangabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 1,487,000
	[&quot;Gwalior&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,477,000
	[&quot;Raipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,429,000
	[&quot;Gorakhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,410,000
	[&quot;Kannur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Bareilly&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Guwahati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Assam&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Moradabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,345,000
	[&quot;Amritsar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,313,000
	[&quot;Mysore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;}, -- 1,296,000
	[&quot;Bhilai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,293,000
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Vijayawada&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,232,000
	[&quot;Srinagar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,212,000
	[&quot;Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,189,000
	[&quot;Kota&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,172,000
	[&quot;Jalandhar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,165,000
	[&quot;Saharanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,152,000
	[&quot;Dehradun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttarakhand&quot;}, -- 1,136,000
	[&quot;Tiruchirappalli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 1,131,000
	[&quot;Bhubaneswar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Odisha&quot;}, -- 1,112,000
	[&quot;Jammu&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,103,000
	[&quot;Solapur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,082,000
	[&quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Hubli–Dharwad&quot;}, -- 1,062,000; wp with en dash
	[&quot;Hubli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Dharwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Puducherry&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,024,000
	[&quot;Pondicherry&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry&quot;, display = true},
	-- satellite/secondary cities of metro area (none in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Ghaziabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,729,000 city, 2,358,525 urban agglomeration per 2011 census; 3,406,061 2025 estimate from official website; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Faridabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Haryana&quot;}, -- 1,414,050 city per 2011 census; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Thane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,841,488 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,246,381 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kalyan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,221,233 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Vasai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Virar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Navi Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,120,547 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Howrah&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,077,075 city (&quot;metropolis&quot;), 2,811,344 &quot;metro&quot; per 2011 census; part of Kolkata metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,727,692 per 2011 census; part of Pune metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri Chinchwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;, display = true},
}

export.india_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินเดีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.india_cities,
}

export.indonesia_cities = {
	-- cities where the city proper has more than 1,000,000 people as of mid-2023 estimate
	[&quot;Jakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;subdistricts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Surabaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Bekasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Bandung&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Medan&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Depok&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Palembang&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Semarang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Makassar&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sulawesi&quot;},
	[&quot;South Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Batam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;Bogor&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Pekanbaru&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau&quot;},
	[&quot;Bandar Lampung&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lampung&quot;},
	-- other metro areas over 1,000,000 people
	[&quot;Padang&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Samarinda&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Malang&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Denpasar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bali&quot;},
	[&quot;Cirebon&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Surakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Banjarmasin&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Tasikmalaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
}

export.indonesia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.indonesia_cities,
}

export.italy_cities = {
	-- Data per [[w:List_of_metropolitan_areas_of_Italy]]. There are several lists given; the most recent one, used
	-- here, only gives estimates as of Jan 1, 2014.
	[&quot;Milan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 6,623,798
	[&quot;Naples&quot;] = {container = &quot;Campania&quot;}, -- 5,294,546
	[&quot;Rome&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lazio&quot;}, -- 4,447,881
	[&quot;Turin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piedmont&quot;}, -- 1,865,284
	[&quot;Venice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Veneto&quot;}, -- 1,645,900
	[&quot;Florence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tuscany&quot;}, -- 1,485,030
	[&quot;Bari&quot;] = {container = &quot;Apulia&quot;}, -- 1,257,459
	[&quot;Palermo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 1,183,084
	-- include a few just below 1,000,000 metro area that may be above it by now (depending on the definition).
	[&quot;Catania&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 988,240
	[&quot;Brescia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 924,090
	[&quot;Genoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liguria&quot;}, -- 861,318
}

export.italy_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Italy&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.italy_cities,
}

export.japan_cities = {
	-- Population figures from [[w:List of cities in Japan]]. Metro areas from
	-- [[w:List of metropolitan areas in Japan]].
	[&quot;Tokyo&quot;] = {keydesc = &quot;[[Tokyo]] Metropolis, the [[capital city]] and a [[prefecture]] of [[Japan]] (which is a country in [[Asia]])&quot;,
		placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;},
		divs = {
			{type = &quot;special wards&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
			{type = &quot;cities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		},
	},
	[&quot;Yokohama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 3,697,894
	[&quot;Osaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 2,668,586
	[&quot;Nagoya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aichi&quot;}, -- 2,283,289
	-- FIXME, Hokkaido is handled specially.
	[&quot;Sapporo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hokkaido&quot;}, -- 1,918,096
	[&quot;Fukuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 1,581,527
	[&quot;Kobe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hyōgo&quot;}, -- 1,530,847
	[&quot;Kyoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyoto&quot;}, -- 1,474,570
	[&quot;Kawasaki&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 1,373,630
	[&quot;Saitama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saitama&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,192,418
	[&quot;Hiroshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hiroshima&quot;}, -- 1,163,806
	[&quot;Sendai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Miyagi&quot;}, -- 1,029,552
	-- the remaining cities are considered &quot;central cities&quot; in a 1,000,000+ metro area
	-- (sometimes there is more than one central city in the area).
	[&quot;Kitakyushu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 986,998
	[&quot;Chiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chiba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 938,695
	[&quot;Sakai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 835,333
	[&quot;Niigata&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niigata&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 813,053
	[&quot;Hamamatsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;}, -- 811,431
	[&quot;Shizuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 710,944
	[&quot;Sagamihara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 706,342
	[&quot;Okayama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Okayama&quot;}, -- 701,293
	[&quot;Kumamoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kumamoto&quot;}, -- 670,348
	[&quot;Kagoshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kagoshima&quot;}, -- 605,196
	-- skipped 6 cities (Funabashi, Hachiōji, Kawaguchi, Himeji, Matsuyama, Higashiōsaka)
	-- with population in the range 509k - 587k because not central cities in any
	-- 1,000,000+ metro area.
	[&quot;Utsunomiya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tochigi&quot;}, -- 507,833
}

export.japan_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.japan_cities,
}

export.mexico_cities = {
	[&quot;Mexico City&quot;] = {}, -- its own state
	[&quot;Monterrey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nuevo León&quot;},
	[&quot;Guadalajara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jalisco&quot;},
	[&quot;Puebla&quot;] = {container = &quot;Puebla&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Toluca&quot;] = {container = &quot;State of Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tijuana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
	-- Include the state in the category for León due to possible confusion with León, Spain.
	[&quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guanajuato&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;León&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;},
	[&quot;Leon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Querétaro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Queretaro&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chihuahua&quot;},
	[&quot;Juárez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Juarez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;, display = &quot;Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreón&quot;] = {container = &quot;Coahuila&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Torreón&quot;, display = true},
	-- Include the state in the category for Mérida due to possible confusion with Mérida, Spain or
	-- Mérida, Venezuela.
	[&quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yucatán&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mérida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;},
	[&quot;Merida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;] = {container = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aguascalientes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aguascalientes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Mexicali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
}

export.mexico_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Mexico&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_cities,
}

export.nigeria_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Lagos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lagos&quot;}, -- 21,300,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kano&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kano&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 5,350,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ibadan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oyo&quot;}, -- 3,400,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Abuja&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 3,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Port Harcourt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rivers&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kaduna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Benin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Edo&quot;}, -- 1,790,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Abia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Nigeria&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Onitsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anambra&quot;}, -- 1,230,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Maiduguri&quot;] = {container = &quot;Borno&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ilorin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kwara&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sokoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sokoto&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Jos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Plateau&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Zaria&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Enugu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Enugu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
}

export.nigeria_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; State, Nigeria&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_cities,
}

export.pakistan_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Karachi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;}, -- 21,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Lahore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 14,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Rawalpindi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Islamabad)
	[&quot;Islamabad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Rawalpindi)
	[&quot;Faisalabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 4,125,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gujranwala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	-- there is also Hyderabad in India (very confusing)
	[&quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Multan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,425,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Peshawar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quetta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Balochistan&quot;}, -- 1,720,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sargodha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sialkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.pakistan_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Pakistan&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_cities,
}

export.philippines_cities = {
	 -- Skipped some cities in Metro Manila (Taguig, Pasig) which don't have districts.
	 -- Other cities outside Metro Manila skipped as not central city in their urban area.
	[&quot;Quezon City&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Foo to Foo City as it may make the display weird.
	[&quot;Quezon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Quezon City&quot;},
	[&quot;Manila&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Davao City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Davao del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Davao&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Davao City&quot;},
	[&quot;Caloocan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zamboanga City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zamboanga del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Zamboanga&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zamboanga City&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cebu&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cebu City&quot;},
	[&quot;Antipolo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rizal&quot;},
	[&quot;Cagayan de Oro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Misamis Oriental&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmariñas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cavite&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmarinas&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dasmariñas&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;General Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Cotabato&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose del Monte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bulacan&quot;},
	[&quot;Bacolod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Negros Occidental&quot;},
	[&quot;Calamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Laguna&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pampanga&quot;, wp = &quot;Angeles City&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Angeles&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Iloilo&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Iloilo City&quot;},
}

export.philippines_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Philippines&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.philippines_cities,
}

export.russia_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Moscow&quot;] = {}, --  18,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saint Petersburg&quot;] = {}, -- 6,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Novosibirsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Novosibirsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,820,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Yekaterinburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kazan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rostov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-na-Donu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Krasnodar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Samara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Samara Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ufa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,230,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saratov&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saratov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Omsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Omsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Voronezh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Voronezh Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Volgograd&quot;] = {container = &quot;Volgograd Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Perm&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Russia&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.russia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Russia&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.russia_cities,
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities = {
	-- Figures for the first five from [[w:List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia]] as of 2022. Unclear if these are
	-- metro, urban or city proper figures.
	[&quot;Riyadh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riyadh&quot;}, -- 7,000,100; 7,700,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jeddah&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 3,751,917; 3,950,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jedda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jiddah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jidda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dammam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 2,638,166; 2,925,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mecca&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 2,385,509; 2,675,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Makkah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecca&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Medina&quot;}, -- 1,477,023; 1,530,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (City)
	[&quot;Hofuf&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aseer&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushayt&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;, display = true},
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_cities,
}

export.south_korea_cities = {
	-- All cities listed are not associated with any county.
	[&quot;Seoul&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Busan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Incheon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daegu&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daejeon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gwangju&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ulsan&quot;] = {},
}

export.south_korea_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; County, South Korea&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_cities,
}

export.spain_cities = {
	[&quot;Madrid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Community of Madrid&quot;},
	[&quot;Barcelona&quot;] = {container = &quot;Catalonia&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Valencia&quot;},
	[&quot;Seville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andalusia&quot;},
	[&quot;Bilbao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Basque Country&quot;},
}

export.spain_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Spain&quot;, &quot;autonomous community&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.spain_cities,
}

export.taiwan_cities = {
	[&quot;New Taipei City&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Taipei&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New Taipei City&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Taichung&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaohsiung&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, ไต้หวัน&quot;},
	[&quot;Taipei&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taoyuan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tainan&quot;] = {},
	-- these last three are not special municipalities
	[&quot;Chiayi&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Hsinchu&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Keelung&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
}

export.taiwan_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot; to make the key
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	default_divs = {&quot;districts&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_cities,
}

-- NOTE: It's OK to mix cities from different constituent countries; as long as the immediate container is correct,
-- everything else will be figured out.
export.united_kingdom_cities = {
	[&quot;London&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater London&quot;},
	[&quot;Manchester&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater Manchester&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Midlands&quot;},
	[&quot;Liverpool&quot;] = {container = &quot;Merseyside&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	[&quot;Leeds&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Yorkshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tyne and Wear&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;},
	[&quot;Bristol&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Cardiff&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portsmouth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hampshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	-- under 1,000,000 people but principal areas of Wales; requested by [[User:Donnanz]]
	[&quot;Swansea&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Newport&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}, wp = &quot;Newport, Wales&quot;},
}

export.united_kingdom_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, England&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.united_kingdom_cities,
}

export.united_states_cities = {
	-- top 50 CSA's by population, with the top and sometimes 2nd or 3rd city listed
	[&quot;New York City&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. in the context New York, New York).
	[&quot;New York&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New York City&quot;},
	[&quot;Newark&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Jersey&quot;},
	[&quot;Los Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Long Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Riverside&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Chicago&quot;] = {container = &quot;Illinois&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington D.C.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. if the holonym is followed by a District of
	-- Columbia holonym).
	[&quot;Washington&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;},
	[&quot;Baltimore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maryland&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose in Costa Rica
	[&quot;San Jose, California&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Jose, California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Francisco&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Oakland&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Boston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Massachusetts&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Providence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rhode Island&quot;},
	[&quot;Dallas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Fort Worth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Philadelphia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Houston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Miami&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Atlanta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Detroit&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Phoenix&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mesa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Seattle&quot;] = {container = &quot;Washington&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Orlando&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;Minneapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minnesota&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cleveland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Denver&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;San Diego&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Portland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oregon&quot;},
	[&quot;Tampa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;St. Louis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Saint Louis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;St. Louis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Charlotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Sacramento&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Pittsburgh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Salt Lake City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Utah&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;San Antonio&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Columbus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;},
	[&quot;Kansas City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l metropolitan area&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Indianapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Indiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Las Vegas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nevada&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cincinnati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Austin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Milwaukee&quot;] = {container = &quot;Wisconsin&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Raleigh&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Nashville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Virginia Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Norfolk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Greensboro&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Winston-Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Jacksonville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;New Orleans&quot;] = {container = &quot;Louisiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Louisville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kentucky&quot;},
	[&quot;Greenville&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Hartford&quot;] = {container = &quot;Connecticut&quot;},
	[&quot;Oklahoma City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Grand Rapids&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;},
	[&quot;Memphis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Fresno&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Richmond&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Harrisburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
	-- any major city of top 50 MSA's that's missed by previous
	[&quot;Buffalo&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;},
	-- any of the top 50 city by city population that's missed by previous
	[&quot;El Paso&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Albuquerque&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucson&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Colorado Springs&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;},
	[&quot;Omaha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nebraska&quot;},
	[&quot;Tulsa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;},
	-- skip Arlington, Texas; too obscure and likely to be interpreted as Arlington, Virginia
}

export.united_states_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, USA&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.united_states_cities,
}

export.new_york_boroughs = {
	[&quot;Bronx&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;The Bronx&quot;},
	[&quot;Brooklyn&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Manhattan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queens&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staten Island&quot;] = {},
}

export.new_york_boroughs_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;New York City&quot;, placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;borough&quot;,
	default_is_city = true,
	data = export.new_york_boroughs,
}

export.vietnam_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {}, -- 14,300,000 (Agglomeration; inclunding Bien Hoa)
	[&quot;Saigon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;},
	[&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {}, -- 7,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {}, -- 1,500,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Danang&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Da Nang&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Hai Phong&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Haiphong&quot;, display = true},
	-- This is the one entry in this list that is not a province-level municipality; instead it's a &quot;provincial city&quot;
	-- meaning it is directly under its province as opposed to being contained in a district.
	[&quot;Bien Hoa&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, container = &quot;Đồng Nai&quot;, wp = &quot;Biên Hòa&quot;}, -- 1,272,235 (2022 city population per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Biên Hòa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Biên Hoà&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	-- These two not in citypopulation.de because the urban population may be slightly under 1,000,000, but they are
	-- both province-level municipalities and close to the 1,000,000 mark.
	[&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- 1,456,000 municipality (2019 census), 994,704 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
	[&quot;Cần Thơ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Can Tho&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hue&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- 1,257,000 municipality (2019 census), 840,000 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); -- capital [[Thuận Hóa district]]
	[&quot;Huế&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hue&quot;, display = true},
}

export.vietnam_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Most of the cities listed are province-level municipalities in addition, which contain a certain amount of
	-- rural territory surrounding the city, but not enough to separate the municipality from the city as distinct
	-- known locations.
	default_placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;districts&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_cities,
}

export.misc_cities = {
	------------------ Africa -------------------
	-- Sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated; combined with data from
	-- [[w:List of urban areas in Africa by population]].
	[&quot;Algiers&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 4,325,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Oran&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,640,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Luanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 9,650,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Benguela&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cotonou&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบนิน&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ouagadougou&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bobo-Dioulasso&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bujumbura&quot;] = {container = &quot;บุรุนดี&quot;}, -- 1,143,202 (Urban Area 2023 per PopulationStat, cited in Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Yaoundé&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (City)
	[&quot;Yaounde&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yaoundé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Douala&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangui&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;}, -- 1,680,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;N'Djamena&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชาด&quot;}, -- 1,950,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ndjamena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;N'Djamena&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kinshasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 16,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Lubumbashi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Mbuji-Mayi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,500,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kananga&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kisangani&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Bukavu&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Goma&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Tshikapa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,020,468 (2023 Wikipedia [[w:List of cities with over one million inhabitants]] from populationstat.com; not in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Cairo&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 22,800,000 (Agglomeration, including Giza and Subhra El Kheima)
	[&quot;Alexandria&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 6,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Giza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 4,458,135 (2023 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Shubra El Kheima&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 1,240,239 (2021 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Asmara&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;}, -- 1,090,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Asmera&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Asmara&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Addis Ababa&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;}, -- 4,825,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Banjul&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gambia&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Accra&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 6,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kumasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 2,900,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Conakry&quot;] = {container = &quot;กินี&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Abidjan&quot;] = {container = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;}, -- 7,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nairobi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 6,900,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Mombasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City)
	[&quot;Monrovia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liberia&quot;}, -- 1,940,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tripoli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Libya&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Antananarivo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madagascar&quot;}, -- 3,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lilongwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malawi&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bamako&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mali&quot;}, -- 5,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nouakchott&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mauritania&quot;}, -- 1,500,000 (City)
	[&quot;Casablanca&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 4,450,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rabat&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 2,125,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tangier&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,410,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tanger&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tangiers&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Morocco&quot;}, -- 1,310,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Fes&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fès&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Agadir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakesh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,140,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakech&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maputo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mozambique&quot;}, -- 2,575,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Niamey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niger&quot;}, -- 1,530,000 (City)
	[&quot;Brazzaville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Pointe-Noire&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kigali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rwanda&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Dakar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 4,225,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Touba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Freetown&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sierra Leone&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mogadishu&quot;] = {container = &quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Johannesburg&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 14,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Pretoria, Soweto, etc.)
	[&quot;Cape Town&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Durban&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Pretoria&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2,921,488 (2011 census)
	[&quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;Gqeberha&quot;}, -- 1,200,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gqeberha&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;}, -- official name; not a display alias
	[&quot;Khartoum&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sudan&quot;}, -- 7,200,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dar es Salaam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 6,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,340,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mwanza&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Arusha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zanzibar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lomé&quot;] = {container = &quot;Togo&quot;}, -- 2,625,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lomé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tunis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 2,725,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Sousse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Soussa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sousse&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kampala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uganda&quot;}, -- 4,300,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lusaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zambia&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Harare&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;}, -- 2,675,000 (Agglomeration)

	------------------ Asia -------------------
	-- sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Kabul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;}, -- 5,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Baku&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;}, -- 3,725,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Manama&quot;] = {container = &quot;บาห์เรน&quot;}, -- 1,560,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Dhaka&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 23,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dacca&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dhaka&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Chittagong&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gazipur&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 2,674,697 (City per 2022; countied in citypopulation.de as part of Dhaka metro area)
	[&quot;Khulna&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Phnom Penh&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัมพูชา&quot;}, -- 2,925,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Tehran&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 16,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Teheran&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tehran&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mashhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mashad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshhed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Isfahan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Esfahan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isfahan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabriz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,970,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shiraz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,950,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ahvaz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Qom&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,450,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kermanshah&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,130,000 (City)
	[&quot;Baghdad&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 7,800,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Basra&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Mosul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,550,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Erbil&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Kirkuk&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Najaf&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Tel Aviv&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิสราเอล&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Jerusalem is not recognized internationally as part of either Israel or Palestine, but as a
	-- [[w:corpus separatum]], so put the container as &quot;เอเชีย&quot; and list Israel and Palestine as additional parents for
	-- categorization purposes.
	[&quot;Jerusalem&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;, &quot;Palestine&quot;}}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Amman&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 6,150,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Irbid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Almaty&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 2,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Alma-Ata&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Almaty&quot;}, -- former name, sometimes still used; don't display-canonicalize
	[&quot;Astana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shymkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kuwait City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kuwait&quot;}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bishkek&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;}, -- 1,540,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Beirut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;}, -- 1,930,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	-- Kuala Lumpur is a federal capital city, not in any state
	[&quot;Kuala Lumpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;}, -- 9,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- there are various George Towns and Georgetowns
	[&quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;, placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,075,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;George Town&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mongolia&quot;}, -- 1,610,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ulan Bator&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Yangon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 5,650,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rangoon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yangon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mandalay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Kathmandu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nepal&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Pyongyang is a directly governed city, not in any province
	[&quot;Pyongyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Korea&quot;}, -- 3,025,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Muscat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oman&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Palestine&quot;, wp = &quot;Gaza City&quot;}, -- 2,275,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Gaza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gaza&quot;},
	[&quot;Doha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qatar&quot;}, -- 2,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Colombo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sri Lanka&quot;}, -- 4,975,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Damascus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aleppo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dushanbe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tajikistan&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangkok&quot;] = {container = &quot;Thailand&quot;}, -- 21,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Chiang Mai not in citypopulation.de, but 1,198,000 urban population in 2021 per Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List_of_municipalities_in_Thailand#Largest_cities_by_urban_population]]
	[&quot;Chiang Mai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chiang Mai Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Chonburi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chonburi Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,570,000 (Agglomeration; including Pattaya)

	-- metro area population stats from https://www.statista.com/statistics/255483/biggest-cities-in-turkey/ as of 2021;
	-- second source is citypopulation.de reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Istanbul&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, divs = {&quot;districts&quot;}, container = &quot;Turkey&quot;}, -- 15.2 million; 16,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İstanbul&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Istanbul&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ankara&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5.15 million; 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Izmir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;İzmir&quot;}, -- 2.95 million; 3,025,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İzmir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Izmir&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bursa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2.02 million; 2,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Adana&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.77 million; 1,780,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaziantep&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.71 million; 1,750,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Antalya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.3 million; 1,400,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Konya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.35 million; 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Diyarbakır&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.07 million; 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Diyarbakır is more common per Ngrams and Google Scholar, but Diyarbakir is the Kurdish form, so we should not
	-- display-canonicalize to the Turkish form Diyarbakır.
	[&quot;Diyarbakir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Diyarbakır&quot;},
	[&quot;Mersin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.03 million; 1,060,000 (Agglomeration)

	[&quot;Ashgabat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Turkmenistan&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dubai&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 6,050,000 (Agglomeration; including Sharjah)
	[&quot;Abu Dhabi&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,850,000 (City)
	[&quot;Sharjah&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Metro area 2022-2023 per Wikipedia; separate from Dubai)
	[&quot;Tashkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uzbekistan&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Sanaa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 3,275,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sana'a&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sanaa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aden&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 1,079,060 (?; 2023 estimate from World Population Review per Wikipedia)

	------------------ Europe or Europe-like (Caucasus etc.) ---------------------
	[&quot;Yerevan&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;}, -- 1,520,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Vienna&quot;] = {container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Minsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลารุส&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Brussels&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 2,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Antwerp&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sofia&quot;] = {container = &quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,260,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zagreb&quot;] = {container = &quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Prague&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 1,470,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brno&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 729,405 (metro area per Wikipedia as of 2024-01-01 Czech Statistical Office)
	[&quot;Olomouc&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 102,293 (city; included only because someone went crazy creating Olomouc-related terms)
	[&quot;Copenhagen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Helsinki&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tbilisi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Athens&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Thessaloniki&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Budapest&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮังการี&quot;},
	-- FIXME, per Wikipedia &quot;County Dublin&quot; is now the &quot;Dublin Region&quot;
	[&quot;Dublin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Riga&quot;] = {container = &quot;Latvia&quot;},
	[&quot;Amsterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Rotterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;The Hague&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	-- Christchurch (metro 546,600) and Wellington (metro 439,800) are too small to make it.
	[&quot;Auckland&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oslo&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Warsaw&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Katowice&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Krakow&quot; without accent.
	[&quot;Krakow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Kraków&quot;},
	[&quot;Kraków&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cracow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirm &quot;Gdańsk&quot; and &quot;Poznań&quot; with accent.
	[&quot;Gdańsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Gdansk&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gdańsk&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poznań&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poznan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Poznań&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Lodz&quot; without accents.
	[&quot;Lodz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Łódź&quot;},
	[&quot;Łódź&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lisbon&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Porto&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oporto&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Porto&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bucharest&quot;] = {container = &quot;Romania&quot;},
	[&quot;Belgrade&quot;] = {container = &quot;Serbia&quot;},
	[&quot;Stockholm&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sweden&quot;},
	[&quot;Zurich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Switzerland&quot;},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Zurich&quot; without umlaut.
	--- Even Wikipedia uses the form without umlaut.
	[&quot;Zürich&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zurich&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kyiv&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;}, -- not in Kyiv Oblast
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Kiev -&gt; Kyiv because in ancient contexts, Kiev is still more common.
	[&quot;Kiev&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv&quot;},
	[&quot;Kharkiv&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}},
	[&quot;Odessa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}, wp = &quot;Odesa&quot;},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Odesa -&gt; Odessa because it may be interpreted as a political statement.
	[&quot;Odesa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odessa&quot;},
	
	------------------ North America, South America ---------------------
	-- Primary figures from citypopulation.de retrieved on 2025-04-26 (reference date 2025-01-01);
	-- Wikipedia metropolitan figures from [[w:List of metropolitan areas in the Americas]] based on per-country data;
	-- Wikipedia city limits figures from [[w:List of largest cities in the Americas]].
	[&quot;Buenos Aires&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 16,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 13,985,794 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,505,25 city limits per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Córdoba in Spain
	[&quot;Córdoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;},
	[&quot;Cordoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;, display = &quot;Córdoba&quot;},
	[&quot;Rosario&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Santa Fe&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,348,725 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Mendoza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tucumán&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucuman&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;, display = &quot;Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Consolidated Urban Area); 1,606,671 (city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santa Cruz&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;},
	[&quot;La Paz&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; composed of El Alto, now slightly larger, and La Paz)
	[&quot;El Alto&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Cochabamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Santiago&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 8,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 6,903,479 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Valparaíso&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valparaiso&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valparaíso&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Bogotá&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 10,600,000 (Agglomeration; 12,772,828 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bogota&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bogotá&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medellín&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 4,350,000 (Agglomeration; 4,068,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Medellin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Medellín&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cali&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Agglomeration; 2,837,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Barranquilla&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration; 1,341,160 city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bucaramanga&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,380,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- to avoid confusion with Cartagena, Spain
	[&quot;Cartagena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;},
	[&quot;Cúcuta&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cucuta&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cúcuta&quot;, display = true},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose, California
	[&quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;] = {container = &quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,450,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San José&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;}, -- display = &quot;San José&quot;; causes error due to San Jose alias for California city; FIXME
	[&quot;Havana&quot;] = {container = &quot;คิวบา&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (City; 2,137,847 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santo Domingo&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (Municipality (urban population); 4,274,651 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Guayaquil&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 3,350,000 (Agglomeration; 3,092,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Quito&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (Agglomeration; 2,889,703 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 1,580,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Guatemala City&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;}, -- 3,375,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Port-au-Prince&quot;] = {container = &quot;เฮติ&quot;}, -- 3,050,000 (Agglomeration; population of low reliability; 2,915,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Pedro Sula&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,330,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tegucigalpa&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Managua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nicaragua&quot;}, -- 1,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Panama City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Panama&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Asunción&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraguay&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Lima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 12,000,000 (Agglomeration; 11,283,787 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Arequipa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;San Juan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puerto Rico&quot;, placetype = &quot;commonwealth&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,910,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Montevideo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uruguay&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration; 1,302,954 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Caracas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,243,301 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Maracaibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 2,825,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,278,448 ??? per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Valencia (city and autonomous community of Spain)
	[&quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;},
	[&quot;Maracay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Barquisimeto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,360,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.misc_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.misc_cities,
}

--[==[ var:
List of all known locations, in groups. The first group lists continents and continental regions, followed by three
groups listing top-level locations: countries, &quot;country-like entities&quot; (de-facto/unrecognized/etc. countries and
dependent territories) and former polities (countries, empires, etc.). After that come first-level subpolities
(administrative divisions) of several, mostly large, countries, followed by groups of cities. China and the United
Kingdom include second-level subpolities (in the case of China, only the largest ones as the full list runs in the
hundreds).
]==]
export.locations = {
	export.continents_group,
	export.countries_group,
	export.country_like_entities_group,
	export.former_countries_group,
	export.australia_group,
	export.austria_group,
	export.bangladesh_group,
	export.brazil_group,
	export.canada_group,
	export.china_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2,
	export.egypt_group,
	export.finland_group,
	export.france_group,
	export.france_departments_group,
	export.germany_group,
	export.greece_group,
	export.india_group,
	export.indonesia_group,
	export.iran_group,
	export.ireland_group,
	export.italy_group,
	export.japan_group,
	export.laos_group,
	export.lebanon_group,
	export.malaysia_group,
	export.malta_group,
	export.mexico_group,
	export.moldova_group,
	export.morocco_group,
	export.netherlands_group,
	export.new_zealand_group,
	export.nigeria_group,
	export.north_korea_group,
	export.norway_group,
	export.pakistan_group,
	export.philippines_group,
	export.poland_group,
	export.portugal_group,
	export.romania_group,
	export.russia_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_group,
	export.south_africa_group,
	export.south_korea_group,
	export.spain_group,
	export.taiwan_group,
	export.thailand_group,
	export.turkey_group,
	export.ukraine_group,
	export.united_kingdom_group,
	export.united_states_group,
	export.england_group,
	export.northern_ireland_group,
	export.scotland_group,
	export.wales_group,
	export.vietnam_group,
	export.australia_cities_group,
	export.brazil_cities_group,
	export.canada_cities_group,
	export.france_cities_group,
	export.germany_cities_group,
	export.india_cities_group,
	export.indonesia_cities_group,
	export.italy_cities_group,
	export.japan_cities_group,
	export.mexico_cities_group,
	export.nigeria_cities_group,
	export.pakistan_cities_group,
	export.philippines_cities_group,
	export.russia_cities_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_cities_group,
	export.south_korea_cities_group,
	export.spain_cities_group,
	export.taiwan_cities_group,
	export.united_kingdom_cities_group,
	export.united_states_cities_group,
	export.new_york_boroughs_group,
	export.vietnam_cities_group,
	export.misc_cities_group,
}

return export</text>
      <sha1>q52grxip5sl76ny0eeczod9qshq5vu1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715282</id>
      <parentid>5715281</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:24:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715282</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="349592" sha1="adyjujnu4nfrjuog3sag3phrqi8it5k" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true to force category generation even on non-mainspace pages

local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local string_utilities_module = &quot;Module:string utilities&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local dump = mw.dumpObject
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

--[==[ intro:
This module contains data on all known locations, along with some lower-level code to process them (higher-level
known-location code is in [[Module:place/placetypes]]). You must load this module using require(), not using
mw.loadData().

===Location data===

'''NOTE: In order to understand the following better, first read the introductory documentation in [[Module:place]],
especially the section `More about known locations`.'''

The bulk of the code in this module (after some helper functions and placetype tables) describes the known locations
and their relationships. Locations are grouped into ''location groups'' that share some common properties (examples are
states of the United States and cities in Brazil). Each location group is associated with two tables, a ''data table''
that lists the locations and their individual properties, and a ''metadata table'' that lists group-level properties and
defaults for the location properties. Each metadata table points to the associated data table (i.e. contains the data
table as its `data` field), and the global `locations` variable holds a list of all group metadata tables. A given
location is generally described by three values: (a) the group metadata table for the group the location is part of; (b)
the location's canonical ''key'', which is the actual key in the group's data table and is globally unique across all
locations; and (c) the location's ''spec'', which is the initialized object describing the properties of the location
and comes from the value in the data table corresponding to the canonical key, transformed by the `initialize_spec()`
function. These are typically named `group`, `key` and `spec`, respectively and in that order, and are found in the
arguments to many functions.

In a per-group data table, the keys are either ''canonical keys'' describing locations (which, as mentioned above, must
be globally unique) or ''alias keys'' specifying an allowed alias for a given location. There may be multiple aliases
for a given location and the alias keys only need to be unique within a particular group data table, not across all
groups. It is also possible for the same string to serve as an alias key in one group and a canonical key in another
group. (For example, `Newcastle` appears as an alias key in two different groups, referring to two different locations,
canonically known as `Newcastle upon Tyne`, for the city in England, and `Newcastle, New South Wales`, for the city in
New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย; and `Birmingham` appears both as a canonical key in the group of English cities and an alias
key for canonical `Birmingham, Alabama` in the group of US cities.) The corresponding value objects are different for
canonical and alias keys. Corresponding to canonical keys are ''location specs'', describing the properies of the
location that cannot be derived from default properties of the group or global defaults. Corresponding to alias keys
are ''alias specs'', which are highly restricted in the properties they can contain, and whose properties do not have
per-group defaults, but only global defaults.

The canonical key is always the same as the bare category corresponding to the location, which is one of the reasons it
must be globally unique. For example, the country of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia` and corresponding bare
category [[:Category:Georgia]], while the US state of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia, USA` and corresponding
bare category [[:Category:Georgia, USA]]. The following conventions are followed in naming keys:
* Countries, ''country-like entities'' (which are a mixture of unrecognized de-facto states and dependent territories)
  and ''former countries'' (which also includes other types of polities, such as the Roman Empire) use their unqualified
  placename as the canonical key. (See the documentation for [[Module:place]] for the distinction between keys and
  placenames, which is critical to understand when working with location data.) This also applies to constituent
  countries (such as England, Aruba and the Faroe Islands) and constituent parts of grouped dependent territories (such
  as the island of Saint Helena, which is administratively part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena,
  Ascension and Tristan da Cunha).
* Cities (including prefecture-level cities in China, which behave in most respects more like non-city administrative
  divisions) also normally use their unqualified placename as the canonical key, but if this causes name conflicts or
  ambiguities, they use a ''qualified key'' containing either the country name or immediate containing division (if
  different) following a comma, such as the case of `Newcastle, New South Wales` and `Birmingham, Alabama` above.
  Examples of name conflicts are the two cities just given; examples of ambiguities are the major cities of León and
  Mérida in Mexico and city of Cartagena, Colombia, which are given the respective canonical keys of `León, Guanajuato`,
  `Mérida, Yucatán` and `Cartagena, Colombia` to avoid ambiguity with the well-known respective cities of the same name
  in Spain, even though none of those cities are large enough to be included as known locations in this module. (The
  cutoff is generally having a metro area of at least 1,000,000 inhabitants, although there are exceptions.)
* Administrative divisions of countries, other than the exceptions noted above for constituent countries and dependent
  territories, use a qualified key that contains the name of the country or constituent country in it, e.g.
  `Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส` (a region), `Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส` (a department in the region of Normandy), `Herefordshire, England`
  (a ceremonial county), `Northwest Territories, Canada` (a territory), `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์` (a region),
  `Antalya Province, Turkey` (a province), `Cluj County, Romania` (a county), `County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์` (a county) and
  `New York, USA` (a state). As shown in these various examples, (a) first and second-level divisions are sometimes both
  included (as in France, the United Kingdom and China); (b) the qualifier after the comma is sometimes a constituent
  country (England) instead of a country (United Kingdom), and is sometimes abbreviated (USA rather than United States
  or Unites States of America); (c) the word `the` is not normally included in the key even if the location is normally
  preceded by `the` when following a preposition (there is a property in the location and alias specs to indicate this),
  except in a very few cases (most notably `The Hague`); (d) the country is included as a qualifier even if it creates
  an apparent redundancy, as with `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์`; and (e) sometimes the placetype is included in the key, as
  with provinces in Turkey and several other countries; states in Nigeria; and counties in Ireland, Romania and several
  other countries. Whether the placetype is included, and whether it follows or precedes the placename, depends on
  per-country conventions. For example, provinces in Turkey, อิหร่าน and several other countries (likewise for states in
  Nigeria, oblasts in Russia, etc.) conventionally include the word &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot; etc. in their name
  because they are normally named after the largest city in the division, which would otherwise lead to ambiguity; and
  counties in Ireland and Northern Ireland (and likewise County Durham, England) normally have the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;
  preceding rather than following them in their conventional name, so we follow this practice. The Wikipedia article
  naming scheme for a given administrative division is a strong clue as to how the division is normally referred to,
  and we usually follow this practice. (A minor exception is that the Wikipedia articles for provinces in Iran, Laos and
  Thailand include the word `province` with an initial lowercase letter while provinces elsewhere, e.g. North and South
  Korea, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, use uppercase `Province`; we normalize to uppercase `Province` in all cases.)

As mentioned above, associated with canonical keys in the group data table are location specs, which are objects
containing properties. It is important here to distinguish ''initialized specs'' from ''uninitialized specs''.
Unininitialized specs are as directly specified in [[Module:place/locations]], containing only those properties that
differ from the per-group or global defaults. Initialized specs result from calling `initialize_spec()` on an
uninitialized spec (it is idempotent in that it will do nothing if encountering an already-initialized spec). This
copies all group-level defaults that are not overridden in the location spec itself from the group-level metadata table
into the location spec, so that in general, no more reference need be made to the group to fetch the correct value of a
given location property. (The initialization process also does more transformations in a few cases, noted below.) Note
that the default value of a given property is stored under a key in the group metadata table that is preceded by the
string `default_`; for example, the default value corresponding to the `placetype` property of a given location is
specified in the `default_placetype` key in the group metadata table.

The following are the properties of the location spec.
* `placetype`: String specifying the placetype of the location (e.g. &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, province&quot;). This can also be a
  table of such types; in this case, the first listed type is the canonical type that will be used in descriptions, but
  the location will be recognized (e.g. in a holonym, or for categorizing into the bare category) when tagged with any
  of the specified types. The placetype '''must''' be either specified on an individual location or defaulted at the
  group level, or an error occurs.
* `container`: Either a string, a ''canonicalized container'' structure or a list of either type, specifying the
  immediate ''container'' (or containers) of the given location. A container is another location which this location is
  considered to be directly part of, either politically or (above the country level) geographically. Some locations
  belong to multiple immediate containers; this applies especially to transcontinental countries such as Russia and
  Turkey. Containers can themselves have containers, forming a tree (or more correctly, a [[w:directed acyclic graph]])
  of locations. The list of immediate container(s), followed by the container(s) of the container(s), etc., is termed
  the ''container trail'', and some functions compute and return this trail as part of their operation. When a location
  spec is initialized, the given container spec is canonicalized into ''canonical container form'', which consists of a
  list of canonicalized container structures, each of which is of the form
  `{key = &quot;``container_key``&quot;, placetype = &quot;``container_placetype``&quot;}`, where ``container_key`` is a canonical location
  key and ``container_placetype`` should be the listed placetype for the location, or the first listed placetype if
  there are multiple. (FIXME: Since the key uniquely identifies the container location, we should eliminate the
  placetype from the container structure.) The list of canonicalized container structures is stored into the
  `.containers` field of the location spec (this happens even if the container value is unset in its uninitialized spec
  form, causing it to default to the corresponding group-level value), and the `.container` field is set to {nil}. The
  canonicalization process is described in more detail below under [[#Container spec canonicalization]].
* `divs`: List of recognized political divisions; e.g. for the Netherlands, a specification of the form
  `divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}` will allow categories such as [[:Category:de:Provinces of the Netherlands]]
  and [[:Category:pt:Municipalities of the Netherlands]] to be created. Any division that appears here must also be
  found in `placetype_data`, or an error occurs. The entities appearing in the `divs` list can be structures as well as
  just strings; this is explained more below under [[#Location divisions]]. Additional political divisions that apply to
  all locations in a group can be specified at the group level using the group-only property `addl_divs`, which has the
  same format as `divs`. This is intended to be used in the situation where some division types are shared among all
  locations in the group and others differ from location to location. An example where this is used is the United
  States, where `census-designated places` is specified in the group-level `addl_divs` so that all 50 states have
  census-designated places categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Census-designated places in Arizona, USA]], but `counties`
  and `county seats` are specified in the group-level `default_divs` because not all states have counties and county
  seats (Alaska has boroughs and borough seats and Louisiana has parishes and parish seats), and some states have
  additional divisions (New Jersey and Pennsylvania also have boroughs, while Colorado and Connecticut have
  municipalities). Note that under most circumstances (particularly, if `container_parent_type` is not set as a property
  associated with the division type), any division type specified on a sub-country-level location must also be specified
  on all containers up through the country. For example, since French departments specify `communes` and
  `municipalities` in `default_divs`, the same division types must be (and are) specified on French regions and for
  France itself.
* `keydesc`: String directly specifying a description of the location, for use in generating the contents of category
  pages related to the location. In place of a string, a function of three arguments (`group`, `key`, `spec`, as is
  normal for locations) that computes the location description can also be given. This is used, for example, for
  Russian federal subjects; see `construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc`. The special string `+++` contained in the
  keydesc is replaced with the default value of the location description, which specifies the location's placename,
  placetype, and the corresponding values for each container in the container trail, generally up through (but not
  beyond) the country level; see `no_include_container_in_desc` below. The location description is used to construct
  the full description of various categories, such as bare location categories, whose description generally reads
  `&quot;{{(((}}langname}}} terms related to the people, culture, or territory of ``keydesc``.&quot;` where ``keydesc`` is the
  specified or auto-constructed location description.
* `fulldesc`: String overriding the full description for the bare location category (but not for any other category).
  This is currently used only for the location `Earth`, at the very top of the tree (because the standard
  `people, culture or territory of ...` text doesn't make sense here), and for `Antarctica` (because it has no permanent
  inhabitants). FIXME: This should be renamed `bare_category_fulldesc`.
* `addl_parents`: Specify additional parents for the bare location category, in addition to the category or categories
  generated based on the immediate container(s). For example, `Hawaii, USA` specifies `Polynesia` as an additional
  parent category; both `North Korea` and `South Korea` specify `Korea` (which is a specially handled location category)
  as an additional parent; and `Earth` specifies `nature` (not a location category, but still a topic category) as an
  additional parent (which in this case becomes the first parent, as `Earth` has no container). The only restriction on
  the categories in `addl_parents` is that they must be topic categories, because each language-specific version of the
  bare location category gets the corresponding language-specific versions of the categories in `addl_parents`. FIXME:
  This shoudl be renamed `bare_category_addl_parents`.
* `wp`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia article for the location. Each spec is either `true` (equivalent
  to `&quot;%l&quot;`, i.e. use the full location placename directly) or a string containing formatting directives, indicating how
  to construct the article name. The allowed formatting directives are `%l` (the full location placename), `%e` (the
  elliptical location placename) and `%c` (the full placename of the first immediate container). For example, the
  default value of `wp` for the group of United States cities is `&quot;%l, %c&quot;` since the city articles tend to be named
  e.g. `Austin, Texas` (but with many exceptions, specified using `wp` fields at the city level). Another example is
  Thai provinces, which specify a group-level default of `&quot;%e province&quot;` as the Wikipedia articles have lowercase
  `province` in their name but the Thai province keys specified in this module have uppercase `Province`. Here we have
  to use `%e` to get the placename without the word `Province` in it. The default is `true`, which simply uses the full
  location placename as the article name. Note that the Wikipedia article, along with the Wikipedia and Commons category
  pages, are shown in the upper right of bare category pages.
* `wpcat`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia category page for the location (i.e. the page listing articles
  and categories relevant to the location). The format is the same as with `wp`, and it defaults to the value of `wp`.
  It rarely needs to be specified because the category page and the article page almost always follow the same format.
* `commonscat`: Spec describing how to construct the Commons category page for the location (i.e. the page on the
  MediaWiki Commons site listing articles and categories relevant to the location). It has the same format as `wp` and
  `wpcat` and defaults to `wpcat`, which is usually (but not always) correct.
* `the`: Boolean specifying whether a location should be preceded by `the` when following a preposition, e.g. in
  category names such as [[:Category:Cities in the Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย]] and in old-style place descriptions
  when the location occurs as the first holonym, such as the city [[Darwin]] described using
  {{tl|place|city|terr/Northern Territory|c/Australia}}. Note that the global default for this and all Boolean
  properties is {nil}, which amounts to the same as {false}.
* `british_spelling`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question uses British spelling. Currently this only
  affects whether the spelling `neighborhoods` or `neighbourhoods` is used in categories such as
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of New York City]] and [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Sydney]]. This usually needs to be set
  only at the top level (i.e. country or country-like entity), because lower-level entities look up the container trail
  for any container that has `british_spelling = true` set, and if found, assume that British spelling applies. The
  general principle used in setting this is that all countries in Europe, all dependent territories of any such country,
  all former British colonies, and any dependent territories of these former colonies, are assumed to use British
  spelling, while all other countries and associated dependent territories are assumed to use American spelling. This
  can potentially be modified on a case-by-case basis.
* `is_city`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question is a city. This is explicitly set to `true` for
  city-states (e.g. Monaco and Vatican City), dependent territories that are cities (e.g. Hong Kong, Macau, Bonaire,
  Gibraltar, etc.), certain city-level administrative divisions (such as `City of Belfast, Northern Ireland`) and
  (through a group-levell setting) New York boroughs. In addition, it is set to `true` in initialize_spec() whenever
  the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, so that all cities get it set without explicitly needing to add a
  group-level setting for this. Note that the condition `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` intentionally excludes Chinese
  prefecture-level cities, which aren't really cities in that (for example) they don't directly contain neighborhoods,
  but do contain cities within them. This setting is used in various places: (a) to add cities, rivers, etc. to
  categories like [[:Category:Rivers in Osaka, ญี่ปุ่น]] and [[:Category:Cities in Wuhan]] for holonyms that
  are ''not'' cities; (b) to add districts, neighborhoods, and the like to categories like
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Brooklyn]] and [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Monaco]] for holoynms that ''are'' cities;
  (c) generally, to determine which &quot;generic&quot; placetypes (cities, rivers, neighborhoods, etc.) apply to the location.
  (Those that can occur with cities have a `generic_before_cities` setting in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and those
  that can occur with non-cities have a `generic_before_non_cities` setting.)
* `is_former_place`: Boolean that should be set on former places such as the Soviet Union and the Roman Empire. For such
  places, categories such as [[:Category:fr:Rivers in the Soviet Union]] are neither generated nor recognized (more
  generally, no &quot;generic&quot; placetypes apply except for `places`), and category descriptions include the word `former`.
* `overriding_bare_label_parents`: Document me!
* `bare_category_parent_type`: Document me!
* `no_container_cat`: Document me!
* `no_container_parent`: Document me!
* `no_generic_place_cat`: Document me!
* `no_check_holonym_mismatch`: Document me!
* `no_auto_augment_container`: Document me!
* `no_include_container_in_desc`: Document me!

====Location divisions====

The `divs` field of a location describes the recognized political division types of that location. Specifying a given
division type will cause places defined as being of the specified division type and with the location as a holonym will
cause the place to be categorized as ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` `; for example, specifying that the United
States has `&quot;รัฐ&quot;` as a division will cause anything defined as {{tl|place|fr|state|c/US}} to be categorized under
[[:Category:fr:States of the United States]]. Note that you do not have to explicitly specify division types for
&quot;generic&quot; placetypes (those that have a `generic_before_non_cities` field if the location is not a city, or that have a
`generic_before_cities` field if the location is a city); this includes things like cities, towns, villages,
neighbo(u)rhoods and rivers. A given element in the `divs` list is usually a string naming a plural placetype; the
placetype is automatically converted to the singular for recognizing the placetype in a {{tl|place}} spec, and irregular
plurals such as `kibbutzim` are handled correctly as long as the placetype specifies an appropriate `plural` field
(if the `plural` isn't explicitly given, the default singularization algorithm in [[Module:en-utilities]] is run, which
gets most things correctly but has problems with `passes` and `fortresses`, which are singularized to `passe` and
`fortresse`; for this reason, an explicit plural entry is added to terms in ''-ss''). In place of a string, an object
can be given with the plural placetype in the `type` field; this allows additional properties to be specified along with
the placetype. An example of this is the `divs` list for Canada:

{
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}, ...},
}

Here, both provinces and territories are set to categorize as `provinces and territories`, meaning that there is a
single category [[:Category:Provinces and territories of Canada]] rather than separate categories for provinces and
territories. Similar things are done for other countries that have more than one type of first-level administrative
division (e.g. Australia, จีน, อินเดีย and Pakistan). Note that any placetype listed under `cat_as` must exist in the
table of placetypes in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and in fact there is a category-only entry there for `provinces and
territories!` (the use of exclamation point following a plural placetype means that the placetype is present only for
use in categories and won't be recognized as the placetype field in a {{tl|place}} description). In addition, townships
are declared to use `in` rather than `of` as the preposition in the category; hence the category name will be
[[:Category:Townships in Canada]] rather than [[:Category:Townships of Canada]]. (The use of `in` vs. `of` is somewhat
related to whether a given placetype is an official administrative or statistical division of the location in question
and comes in a defined list, in which case `of` should be used, or is more ill-defined, in which case `in` should be
used; the default is `of`, and the use of `in` with `townships` is probably by analogy with the use of `in` with cities
and towns.)

Another more complex example is the divisions given for Quebec:

{
	[&quot;Quebec, Canada&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}, ...},
}

Here, `container_parent_type` controls the second parent category of the placetype/location category associated with the
entry. In this case, for example, [[:Category:Counties of Quebec, Canada]] will have [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] as
its second or ''container-level'' parent. However, this doesn't make sense for `regional county municipalities`, which
exist only in Quebec (so the parent category [[:Category:Regional county municipalities of Canada]] would have only one
subcategory); but they are similar to regional municipalities in British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Ontario, so the
`container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;` spec causes the container-level parent of this category to be
[[:Category:Regional municipalities of Canada]]. Likewise, `regions` as administrative divisions (as opposed to mere
geographic regions) exist only in Quebec; they have no equivalent elsewhere, so we disable the container-level parent
using `container_parent_type = false`. The specs for `parish municipalities`, `township municipalities` and
`village municipalities` show both that multiple types can be specified under `cat_as` (here, for example, we categorize
`parish municipalities` as both `parishes` and `municipalities`) and that these types can themselves have properties,
just as for entries directly under `divs`. Specifically, `{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}`
means that any place defined as a parish municipality in Quebec will be categorized under both [[:Category:Parishes of
Quebec, Canada]] and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]], and that the former will have a container-level
parent of [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] (rather than the default of [[:Category:Parishes of Canada]]). Similarly,
`township municipalities` will be categorized under both [[:Category:Townships in Quebec, Canada]] (''not''
[[:Category:Townships of Quebec, Canada]]) and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]].

====Container spec canonicalization====

A fully canonicalized container spec for a given location consists of a list of ''canonicalized container objects'',
each with a `key` and `placetype` field. The `key` field should name the canonical key of some other location at a
higher level (e.g. French cities are contained in French departments, which are contained in French regions, which are
contained in France, which is contained in Europe, which is contained in Eurasia, which is contained in the Earth). The
`placetype` field should correspond to the first (canonical) placetype listed for the key in question. The process of
initializing a locaion spec converts the container spec in `.container` into a canonicalized spec in `.containers` and
removes the spec from `.container`. It works as follows:
# If the `container` field is missing, and there is a group-level `default_container` field, it is used in its place.
  For example, none of the Brazilian states listed in `brazil_states` specifies a container, but the group specifies
  `default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;`.
# A single string or canonicalized container object is allowed and made into a one-element list.
# If a list element is a string that did ''not'' come from `default_container`, and there is a group-level
  `canonicalize_key_container` field, it is assumed to be a one-argument function and is called on the string to get
  a canonicalized container object.
# Any remaining strings are assumed to be countries and are used directly as the `key`, with `placetype` set to
  `&quot;ประเทศ&quot;`.

====Alias keys====

Aliases can be provided for canonical keys using ''alias keys''. Alias keys have a very different location spec
structure from canonical keys. This structure does not, in general, have defaults at the group level and is not
initialized using `initialize_spec()`, but is used as-is. The following properties are recognized in an alias location
spec:
* `alias_of`: The canonical key of which this key is an alias. Required.
* `the`: If true, this alias key is preceded by `the` following a preposition. Defaults to the group-level `default_the`
    but does not pay attention to the value of `the` for the corresponding canonical key.
* `display`: This is a display alias, meaning that holonyms using the placename corresponding to this alias will be
    converted to the placename corresponding to the canonical key when formatting the holonym for display. (Otherwise,
    the aliasing applies only to categorization.) If the value is true, the display canonicalization is to the placename
    of the canonical key; otherwise, the value should be a key whose corresponding placename is used when display
    canonicalizing.
* `placetype`: The placetype of the alias. Rarely needs to be specified as it defaults to the canonical key's placetype,
    and if that is unspecified, to the group-level default placetype.

====Location group metadata tables====

As mentioned above, associated with each location group is a ''metadata table'' listing group-level properties. The
metadata table contains two types of keys: group-level defaults (named like the corresponding location-level keys but
preceded by `default_`, e.g. `default_placetype` corresponding to the location-level `placetype` key) and group-only
keys, which are mostly functions. The following are the possible group-only keys:
* `data`: This points to the group data table for the group, as described above.
* `key_to_placename`: This is a function of one argument to transform the location's key (whether canonical or alias)
  into the full and elliptical placenames. The difference between full and elliptical placenames is described in the
  documentation for [[Module:place]], but in essence, it applies for keys that include the placetype in them (e.g.
  `Phuket Province, Thailand` or `County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์`), in which case the full placename includes the placetype and
  the elliptical placename does not. For keys that do not include the placetype in them (e.g. `Arizona, USA` or
  `Gloucestershire, England`), the full and elliptical placenames are identical. Note that neither the full nor the
  elliptical placename includes the container in it; hence, for `Phuket Province, Thailand`, the full placename is
  `Phuket Province` and the elliptical placename is just `Phuket`. (Note that the full vs. elliptical placename
  distinction is intended only for handling cases where the placetype follows or precedes the raw placename and there
  is no difference between the two in whether they are normally preceded by `the`. More complex situations, such as
  `State of Mexico` (which normally takes `the`) vs. just `Mexico` (which doesn't), or `Islamabad Capital Territory` vs.
  just `Islamabad`, should be handled instead by aliases.) The `key_to_placename` function takes one argument, the key,
  and returns two arguments, the full and elliptical placenames, respectively. If left undefined, the default is to
  chop off anything starting with a comma and return the result as both full and elliptical placename, and if
  specifically set to `false`, the key is used directly as both full and elliptical placename. If it needs to be
  defined, it is best to use the helper function `make_key_to_placename`, if possible (or
  `make_irish_type_key_to_placename` in the case of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where `County` precedes), rather than
  rolling your own. In addition, you should use the global `key_to_placename` function (which takes care of the default
  implementation and such) rather than directly calling the function in the `key_to_placename` field.
* `placename_to_key`: This is approximately the inverse of `key_to_placename`, transforming a placename (which can be
  either in full or elliptical form) into the corresponding key. As with `key_to_placename`, if you need to define this
  (generally, when the full and elliptical placenames are different), prefer using `make_placename_to_key` (or
  `make_irish_type_placename_to_key` for Ireland and Northern Ireland) to rolling your own. In addition, similarly to
  `key_to_placename`, use the global `placename_to_key` function to convert placenames to keys rather than directly
  invoking the function in the `placename_to_key` field. If the field is set to `false`, the placename is used unchanged
  as the key. Otherwise, the default algorithm works as follows:
*# If the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, use the placename unchanged as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` exists and is a string, append it to the placename after a comma +
   space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` is a canonical container object (an object with `key` and
   `placetype` fields), and the `placetype` field is either `country` or `constituent country`, append the `key` field
   to the placename after a comma + space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, use the placename unchanged as the key.
* `canonicalize_key_container`: A function of one argument to convert the specified `container` field, when a string,
  to canonical form. Described in more detail above under [[#Container spec canonicalization]]. It is preferable to
  construct the function using `make_canonicalize_key_container`, if possible, rather than rolling your own.
* `addl_divs`: Additional political divisions appended, for all locations in the group, to the list of divisions derived
  from the location-level `divs` or group-level `default_divs` fields to get the final list of divisions for the
  location. See [[#Location divisions]] for more details.
]==]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Helper functions                                 --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[
Throw an error. `fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to
format the format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called. In general, callers should use `internal_error` unless the
error was due to bad user input rather than a logic error (which usually isn't the case in deep back-end code like
this).
]==]
function export.process_error(fmt, ...)
	local args = {...}
	for i = 1, select(&quot;#&quot;, ...) do
		args[i] = dump(args[i])
	end
	return error(string.format(fmt, unpack(args)))
end

--[==[
Throw an internal error (a logic error that should never happen unless there is a bug in the code, as opposed to a user
error triggered by bad input or a system error due to something like running out of memory or hitting a time limit).
`fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to format the
format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called.
]==]
function export.internal_error(fmt, ...)
	export.process_error(&quot;Internal error: &quot; .. fmt, ...)
end

local internal_error = export.internal_error

-- Return whether `list_or_element` (a list of strings, or a single string) &quot;contains&quot; `item` (a string). If
-- `list_or_element` is a list, this returns true if `item` is in the list; otherwise it returns true if `item`
-- equals `list_or_element`.
local function list_or_element_contains(list_or_element, item)
	if type(list_or_element) == &quot;table&quot; then
		return m_table.contains(list_or_element, item) and true or false
	end
	return list_or_element == item
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `key_to_placename` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames). Two values are returned, the full and elliptical placenames (e.g. full
`&quot;County Durham&quot;` vs. elliptical `&quot;Durham&quot;`). If the group does not define `key_to_placename`, both full and elliptical
placenames are computed by chopping off anything starting with a comma.
]==]
function export.key_to_placename(group, key)
	if group.key_to_placename == false then
		return key, key
	end
	if group.key_to_placename then
		local full_placename, elliptical_placename = group.key_to_placename(key)
		if type(full_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string full placename: %s&quot;, key, full_placename)
		end
		if type(elliptical_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string elliptical placename: %s&quot;, key, elliptical_placename)
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	return key, key
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `placename_to_key` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames) and return the result. If `placename_to_key` exists with the value `false`,
return the placename unchanged. If the group does not define `placename_to_key`, and it defines a `default_container`
whose placetype is either `country` or `constituent country`, the container name is appended to the placename after a
comma and a space. Otherwise the placename is returned unchanged.
]==]
function export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	if group.placename_to_key == false then
		return placename
	elseif group.placename_to_key then
		local key = group.placename_to_key(placename)
		if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Placename %s returned a non-string key: %s&quot;, placename, key)
		end
		return key
	elseif group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot; then
		return placename
	else
		local defcon = group.default_container
		if not defcon then
			return placename
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;table&quot; and (defcon.placetype == &quot;ประเทศ&quot; or
				defcon.placetype == &quot;constituent country&quot;) then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon.key
		else
			return placename
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Initialize the location spec `spec`, augmenting it with default values taken from `group` if the spec itself doesn't
specify values for the properties. This sets `containers` to a canonicalized list of objects, each with `key` and
`placetype` keys, describing the immediate containers of the location, and erases (sets to nil) the original
non-canonicalized `container` field. (Most locations have only one immediate container but some, e.g. Russia, have more
than one. Containers should be carefully distinguished from category parents. Generally the container is the first
category parent, or the first ``n`` parents if there are ``n`` containers, but there may be additional category parents,
which indicate some sort of relation between the category parent and the location but not necessarily one of
containment.)

This function is idempotent in that nothing happens if called more than once on the same spec.

FIXME: Consider reimplementing this in a more standardly object-oriented way using metatables.
]==]
function export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	if spec.initialized then
		return
	end
	local container = spec.container
	local containers
	local container_from_default
	if not container then
		container = group.default_container
		container_from_default = true
	end
	if container then
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; or container.key then
			container = {container}
		end
		containers = {}
		for _, cont in ipairs(container) do
			if type(cont) == &quot;string&quot; then
				if group.canonicalize_key_container and not container_from_default then
					cont = group.canonicalize_key_container(cont)
				else
					cont = {key = cont, placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}
				end
			end
			insert(containers, cont)
		end
	end
	spec.containers = containers
	spec.container = nil
	local function value_with_default(val, default_val)
		if val == nil then
			return default_val
		else
			return val
		end
	end
	local function set_or_default(prop)
		spec[prop] = value_with_default(spec[prop], group[&quot;default_&quot; .. prop])
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;placetype&quot;)
	if not spec.placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found in key %s for spec %s or in group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;divs&quot;)
	spec.addl_divs = group.addl_divs
	for _, prop in ipairs {
		&quot;keydesc&quot;,
		&quot;fulldesc&quot;,
		&quot;addl_parents&quot;,
		&quot;overriding_bare_label_parents&quot;,
		&quot;bare_category_parent_type&quot;,
		&quot;wp&quot;,
		&quot;wpcat&quot;,
		&quot;commonscat&quot;,
		&quot;british_spelling&quot;,
		&quot;the&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_parent&quot;,
		&quot;no_generic_place_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_check_holonym_mismatch&quot;,
		&quot;no_auto_augment_container&quot;,
		&quot;no_include_container_in_desc&quot;,
		&quot;is_city&quot;,
		&quot;is_former_place&quot;,
	} do
		set_or_default(prop)
	end
	-- `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` is correct; if `default_placetype` has something else like `prefecture-level city`
	-- as the canonical placetype but also lists `city` (as Chinese prefecture-level cities do), don't mark as
	-- is_city.
	spec.is_city = value_with_default(spec.is_city, group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;)
	spec.initialized = true
end

--[=[
Given a location group, key and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the key exists in the group
with at least one of the group's key's placetypes matching one of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values:
the group key (which potentially could differ from the passed-in key due to aliases) and the corresponding spec object,
which (as with all functions that return spec objects) has been initialized using `initialize_spec()` (i.e. default
property values have been copied from the group into the spec, if the spec doesn't itself specify a value for the
property in question).

`alias_resolution` controls how aliases are resolved. Normally, both display and category aliases are followed, and
the returned key will reflect the canonical location key. However, if `alias_resolution` is {&quot;none&quot;}, no alias following
happens. In that case, if the key specifies an alias, the spec for the alias rather than the spec for the canonical
location is returned, and importantly, it is returned uninitialized, meaning that properties from the group are not
copied into the spec. (If the key specifies a canonical location, its spec is returned initialized, as in the normal
case where `alias_resolution` is unspecified.) The caller needs to check whether the returned spec is an alias by
looking for an `alias_of` property. If `alias_resolution` is {&quot;display&quot;}, the behavior is the same as for {&quot;none&quot;}
except that if the alias contains a setting `display = true`, the returned key will reflect the canonical location key,
and if the alias contains a setting `display = ``string`` `, the returned key will reflect that string.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
	if alias_resolution ~= nil and alias_resolution ~= &quot;none&quot; and alias_resolution ~= &quot;display&quot; and
		alias_resolution ~= &quot;all&quot; then
		internal_error(&quot;Bad value for 'alias_resolution': %s&quot;, alias_resolution)
	end
	local spec = group.data[key]
	if not spec then
		return nil
	end

	local function check_correct_placetype(placetype)
		if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for _, pt in ipairs(placetype) do
				if list_or_element_contains(placetypes, pt) then
					return true
				end
			end
			return false
		else
			return list_or_element_contains(placetypes, placetype)
		end
	end

	if spec.alias_of then
		local resolved_key = spec.alias_of
		local resolved_spec = group.data[resolved_key]
		if not resolved_spec then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which doesn't exist&quot;, key, resolved_key)
		elseif resolved_spec.alias_of then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which is itself an alias; indirect aliasing not allowed&quot;,
				key, resolved_key)
		end
		if alias_resolution == &quot;none&quot; or alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
			-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
			local placetype = spec.placetype or resolved_spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
			if not placetype then
				internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in any of spec %s, alias-resolved spec %s or in group &quot; ..
					&quot;`default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec, resolved_spec)
			end
			if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
				return nil
			end
			if alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
				if spec.display == true then
					key = resolved_key
				elseif spec.display then
					key = spec.display
				end
			end
			return key, spec
		end
		key = resolved_key
		spec = resolved_spec
	end

	-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
	local placetype = spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
	if not placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in spec %s or group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
		return nil
	end
	export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	return key, spec
end

--[=[
Given a location group, placename and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the placename exists
in the group with at least one of the placetypes of the key in the group that corresponds to the placename matching one
of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values: the key corrsponding to the passed-in placename and the
corresponding spec object. This is similar to `find_matching_key_in_group()` but works with placenames rather than keys.
`alias_resolution` is as in `find_matching_key_in_group()`.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_placename_in_group(group, placetypes, placename, alias_resolution)
	local key = export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	return find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
end

--[==[
If `key` is a canonical known location key (i.e. not an alias), return the corresponding group and initialized spec.
If no such key exists, return {nil}. This throws an internal error if two locations with the same key are found.
]==]
function export.find_canonical_key(key)
	local found_locations = {}
	for _, group in ipairs(export.locations) do
		local spec = group.data[key]
		if not spec then
			-- do nothing
		elseif spec.alias_of then
			mw.log((&quot;Skipping alias '%s' of canonical '%s'&quot;):format(key, spec.alias_of))
		else
			insert(found_locations, {group, spec})
		end
	end
	if not found_locations[1] then
		return nil
	elseif found_locations[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for canonical key %s: %s&quot;, key, found_locations)
	else
		local group, spec = unpack(found_locations[1])
		export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
		return group, spec
	end
end

--[==[
Iterator that returns all locations matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename
or a key along with a list of possible placetypes. Usually there will be at most one such location. The iterator
returns three values at each iteration: the location group, canonical key by which the location is known and the spec
object describing the location. `data` contains the following possible fields:
* `placetypes`: A list of possible placetypes, one of which must match one of the location's placetypes; or a string
  specifying a placetype, which must match one of the location's placetypes. This must be specified.
* `placename`: The placename of the location. Either this or `key` must be specified.
* `key`: The key of the location. Either this or `placename` must be specified.
* `alias_resolution`: If specified, it behaves the same as for `find_matching_key_in_group`.
The spec is normally initialized using `initialize_spec()` prior to it being returned (but may not be if
`alias_resolution` is given and the specified key or placename is an alias; see the documentation for
`find_matching_key_in_group`).
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_location(data)
	local i = 0
	local n = #export.locations
	return function()
		while true do
			i = i + 1
			if i &gt; n then
				break
			end
			local group = export.locations[i]
			local key, spec
			if data.placename then
				key, spec = find_matching_placename_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.placename,
					data.alias_resolution)
			else
				if not data.key then
					internal_error(&quot;'.placename' or '.key' must be defined: %s&quot;, data)
				end
				key, spec = find_matching_key_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.key, data.alias_resolution)
			end
			if key then
				return group, key, spec
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Return the location matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename or a key along
with a list of possible placetypes. This is similar to `iterate_matching_location()` but throws an internal error if
there is not exactly one location found; as such, it is for use with internally specified locations (such as the
containers of known locations) rather than externally specified locations, which may not match a known location and in
some cases may match multiple known locations. For finding an externally specified location, consider using
`find_matching_holonym_location`, which returns {nil} rather than throwing an error if the location isn't found, but
also (more importantly) checks to make sure there are no conflicting holonyms among the user-specified holonyms (e.g.
{{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/USA|t=Newark}} will not match the known location `Newark` (in New Jersey, not Delaware).
]==]
function export.get_matching_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in export.iterate_matching_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Couldn't find matching location for data %s&quot;, data)
	elseif all_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for data %s: %s&quot;, data, all_found)
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end

--[==[
Successively iterate over a location's containers, and then the containers of those containers, etc. Keep in mind that
locations may have multiple containers (e.g. Russia has both Europe and Asia as containers, and both Europe and Asia
have Eurasia as their container). A given container will never be returned twice (e.g. in the case where a specific
location A has locations B and C as containers, and B has C as its container, C will not be returned twice). An
internal error happens if a container loop is detected. The return value is a list of location objects, each of which
contains `group`, `key` and `spec` fields.
]==]
function export.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
	local keys_seen = {}
	keys_seen[key] = true
	local iterations = 0
	local last_iteration_containers = {{group = group, key = key, spec = spec}}
	return function()
		iterations = iterations + 1
		if iterations &gt; 10 then
			internal_error(&quot;Probable loop in containers when processing key %s&quot;, key)
		end
		local next_iteration_containers = {}
		for _, location in ipairs(last_iteration_containers) do
			local containers = location.spec.containers
			if containers then
				for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
					local container_group, container_key, container_spec = export.get_matching_location {
						placetypes = container.placetype,
						key = container.key,
					}
					if not keys_seen[container_key] then
						insert(next_iteration_containers, {
							group = container_group, key = container_key, spec = container_spec
						})
						keys_seen[container_key] = true
					end
				end
			end
		end
		if not next_iteration_containers[1] then
			return nil
		end
		last_iteration_containers = next_iteration_containers
		return next_iteration_containers
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placename, convert it into a link (two-part if `display_form` is given and differs from `placename`) and add
`&quot;the &quot;` to the beginning if called for in `spec`.
]==]
function export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename, display_form)
	local linked_placename = display_form and placename ~= display_form and (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(placename,
		display_form) or (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(placename)
	if spec.the then
		linked_placename = &quot;the &quot; .. linked_placename
	end
	return linked_placename
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `key_to_placename`. It generates a function that chops off parts of a string (a
location key), typically at the end, in order to get the full and elliptical versions of a placename. (See the
documentation above for `key_to_placename` under &quot;Location group tables&quot; for the difference between full and elliptical
placenames.) `container_patterns` is a Lua pattern or a list of possible patterns matching the container at the end of
the key, which will be used to remove that container. If multiple patterns are specified, each one is tried until one
matches. If `container_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped. The reulting string becomes the full
placename. If `divtype_patterns` is specified, it is likewise either a Lua pattern or list of possible patterns to match
and remove the political division affixed onto the end (or possibly the beginning) of the key in the keys of certain
countries (such as South Korean and North Korean counties, which include the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; in the key). The resulting
chopped string becomes the elliptical placename. If `divtype_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped
and the full and elliptical placenames are the same.

Typical usage is as follows:

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, England$&quot;),
```

or (when the political division is part of the key)

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;)
```
]=]
local function make_key_to_placename(container_patterns, divtype_patterns)
	if type(container_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		container_patterns = {container_patterns}
	end
	if type(divtype_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		divtype_patterns = {divtype_patterns}
	end
	return function(key)
		local full_placename = key
		if container_patterns then
			for _, container_pattern in ipairs(container_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				full_placename, nsubs = full_placename:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		local elliptical_placename = full_placename
		if divtype_patterns then
			for _, divtype_pattern in ipairs(divtype_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				elliptical_placename, nsubs = elliptical_placename:gsub(divtype_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `placename_to_key`. It generates a function that appends a string to the end of a given
placename to get the key (see the definition of `placename_to_key` above in the documentation under &quot;Location group
tables&quot;). Optional `divtype_suffix` is a raw string (which should not contain hyphens or other characters that have
special meaning in Lua patterns) to be appended first to the placename; if already present at the end, it is not
appended. `container_suffix` is then added in the same fashion if given. Typical usage is like this:

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, England&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Hampshire&quot;` into `&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;`)

or

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; County&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Gangwon&quot;` or `&quot;Gangwon County&quot;` into `&quot;Gangwon County, South Korea&quot;`).
]=]
local function make_placename_to_key(container_suffix, divtype_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		local key = placename
		if divtype_suffix then
			if not key:find(&quot;^&quot; .. divtype_suffix) then --th; เปลี่ยนไปเติมข้างหน้าแทน
				key = divtype_suffix .. key --th
			end
		end
		if container_suffix then
			key = container_suffix .. key --th
		end
		return key
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `canonicalize_key_container`, which converts a container as specified in the location
data into the canonical form containing both the full container key and its placetype. It generates a function to do
the canonicalization of a given container. If the container is a string, `suffix` is appended onto the string (use {nil}
or {&quot;&quot;} if there is no suffix to append), and the placetype is set to `placetype`. Otherwise the container is left
as-is. Typical usage is like this:

```
canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;)
```

which will convert e.g. `&quot;Ontario&quot;` into `{key = &quot;Ontario, Canada&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}`.
]=]
local function make_canonicalize_key_container(suffix, placetype)
	return function(container)
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return {key = container .. (suffix or &quot;&quot;), placetype = placetype}
		else
			return container
		end
	end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               Top-level tables                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.continents = {
	[&quot;โลก&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;ธรรมชาติ&quot;},
			fulldesc = &quot;=the planet [[Earth]] and the features found on it&quot;},
		[&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
		[&quot;อเมริกา&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[America]], in the sense of [[North America]] and [[South America]] combined&quot;,
				wp = &quot;Americas&quot;},
		[&quot;อเมริกาส์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, the = true},
			[&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				fulldesc = &quot;=the territory of [[Antarctica]]&quot;},
		[&quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[Eurasia]], i.e. [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] together&quot;},
			[&quot;เอเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ยุโรป&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
			[&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย (ภูมิภาค)&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
			[&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
}

export.continents_group = {
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {}, -- container parents should be used
	default_divs = {{type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}},
	-- It's enough to mention the first-level continent or continent group. It seems excessive to write e.g.
	-- &quot;El Salvador, a country in Central America, a continental region in North America, a continent in America, ...&quot;.
	default_no_include_container_in_desc = true,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	default_no_generic_place_cat = true,
	-- French Guyana is in France but not in Europe, which should not be an issue, so don't check holonym mismatches at
	-- this level. We also run into problems with supercontinents, which have &quot;ทวีป&quot; as the fallback and cause
	-- mismatches.
	default_no_check_holonym_mismatch = true,
	data = export.continents,
}

-- Countries: including those with partial recognition that are normally considered countries (e.g. Kosovo, Taiwan).
export.countries = {
	[&quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอลเบเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;administrative units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อันดอร์รา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แองโกลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอนทีกาและบาร์บิวดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐอาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- Both a country and continent
	[&quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาฮามาส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;บาห์เรน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาร์เบโดส&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลารุส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลเยียม&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบนิน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;ภูฏาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;gewogs&quot;}},
	[&quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;entities&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia and Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย-เฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia-Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอตสวานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บราซิล&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;macroregions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;บรูไน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;mukims&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;บุรุนดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;กัมพูชา&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct (e.g. &quot;First Nations reserves&quot;) until/unless
		-- the Canadian government makes a similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is
		-- still at [[w:Indian reserves]]).
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคปเวิร์ด&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;subprefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;CAR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;C.A.R&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;ชาด&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;ชิลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;จีน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;มณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former provinces&quot;},
		&quot;special administrative regions&quot;,
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;FORMER prefectures&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former prefectures&quot;},
		&quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities.
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		{type = &quot;FORMER districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former districts&quot;},
		&quot;subdistricts&quot;,
		&quot;townships&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;direct-administered municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;จีน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอโมโรส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous islands&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;คิวบา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เช็กเกีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}},
	[&quot;คองโก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;DRC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;D.R.C&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Denmark]] (constituent country) from [[w:Danish Realm]] (country)
	},
	[&quot;จิบูตี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ดอมินีกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[Dominican Republic]], the country that shares the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Hispaniola]] with [[Haiti]]&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, wp = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์ตะวันออก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;อียิปต์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิเควทอเรียลกินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;subregions&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอสโตเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สวาซีแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
	[&quot;ฟีจี&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;collectivities&quot;,
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบอง&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แกมเบีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;จอร์เจีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the country of [[Georgia]], in [[Eurasia]]&quot;, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;%l (country)&quot;},
	[&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia have administrative regions as divisions, but
		-- there aren't really enough of them to categorize per state.
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;regional units&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;peripheries&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีเนดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี-บิสเซา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;กายอานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เฮติ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;arrondissements&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮังการี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไอซ์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินเดีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;regencies&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of provinces&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;อิหร่าน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิรัก&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;Republic of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิตาลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;metropolitan cities&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- We should really be using Ivory Coast (common name) but there are political ramifications to the use of
	-- Côte d'Ivoire so don't make it a display alias.
	[&quot;ไอวอรีโคสต์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;},
	[&quot;จาเมกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;จอร์แดน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;คาซัคสถาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคนยา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kiribati&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kosovo&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kuwait&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;areas&quot;}},
	[&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Laos&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Latvia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lebanon&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lesotho&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Liberia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Libya&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lithuania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Luxembourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Madagascar&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malawi&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Malaysia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;federal territories&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Maldives&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;administrative atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mali&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cercles&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malta&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;local councils&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritius&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mexico&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Moldova&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous territorial units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		&quot;communes&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Monaco&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- We want the first placetype to be 'city-state' so the description of Monaco says it's a city-state, but we
		-- want its parent to be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mongolia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Montenegro&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Morocco&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mozambique&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Myanmar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;union territories&quot;,
		{type = &quot;self-administered zones&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		{type = &quot;self-administered divisions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Burma&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- not display-canonicalizing; has political connotations
	[&quot;Namibia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;constituencies&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nauru&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nepal&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;constituent country&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former municipalities&quot;},
			&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;constituent countries&quot;}, british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Netherlands]] (constituent country) from [[w:Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
		-- (country)
	},
	[&quot;New Zealand&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;territorial authorities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;territorial authorities&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nicaragua&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Niger&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nigeria&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Categorize the Federal Capital Territory as a state because there's only one of it; we could categorize
		-- everything under 'states and territories' but that seems a bit pointless.
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐ&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;North Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;North Macedonia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Republic of North Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Republic of Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Norway&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;unincorporated areas&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Oman&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;administrative territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Palau&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Palestine&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;State of Palestine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Palestine&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Panama&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Paraguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Peru&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Philippines&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poland&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;voivodeships&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Portugal&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Qatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Congo Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Romania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of counties&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Russia&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;, &quot;oblasts&quot;, &quot;krais&quot;, &quot;federal cities&quot;,
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;federal districts&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Rwanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;SVG&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;S.V.G&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Samoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;San Marino&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;São Tome and Principe&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;Senegal&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Serbia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;autonomous provinces&quot;}},
	[&quot;Seychelles&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Singapore&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovenia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;statistical regions&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	-- Note: While the official name does not include &quot;the&quot; at the beginning, 
	-- it sounds strange in English to leave it out and it's commonly included.
	[&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Africa&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		{type = &quot;district municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		{type = &quot;metropolitan municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;South Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Spain&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous communities&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		&quot;comarcas&quot;, &quot;autonomous cities&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Suriname&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sweden&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Switzerland&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Syria&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;, &quot;special municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;, different political connotations
	[&quot;Tajikistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tanzania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไทย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ตำบล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Togo&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tonga&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Tunisia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;delegations&quot;}},
	[&quot;Turkey&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	-- Foreign names generally get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Türkiye&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		-- The 5 regions are often also called provinces
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, {type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Tuvalu&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Uganda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Ukraine&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;oblasts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous republics&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;emirates&quot;}},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UAE&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.A.E.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;constituent countries&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			&quot;traditional counties&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[United Kingdom]] of Great Britain and Northern Ireland&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UK&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.K.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;derogatory names for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;official nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, -- exist in Pennsylvania and New Jersey
			&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, -- these exist politically at least in Colorado and Connecticut
			{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct until/unless the US government makes a
			-- similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is still at
			-- [[w:Indian reservations]]).
			&quot;Indian reservations&quot;,
		}},
	-- Abbreviations and long forms (when possible) get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;US&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;USA&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.A.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหรัฐ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Uruguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Vanuatu&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- First placetype should be 'city-state' for to shown up in its description,
		-- Its parent should still be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;}, is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vatican City&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Western Sahara&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;,
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	-- Not display-canonicalizable both due to differences in 'the' and the sovereignty dispute over Western Sahara
	[&quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Sahara&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;SADR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Yemen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zambia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
}

local function canonicalize_continent_container(key)
	if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
		return key
	end
	if export.continents[key] then
		return {key = key, placetype = export.continents[key].placetype}
	end
	internal_error(&quot;Unrecognized key %s in `canonicalize_continent_like`&quot;, key)
end

export.countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;+++&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.countries,
}

-- Country-like entities: typically overseas territories or de-facto independent countries, which in both cases
-- are not internationally recognized as sovereign nations but which we treat similarly to countries.
export.country_like_entities = {
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Akrotiri and Dhekelia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Åland: Listed as a region of Finland. Wikipedia lists this under &quot;dependent territories&quot; in
	--   [[w:List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent]].
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;American Samoa&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Anguilla&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;Abkhazia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Abkhazia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Ashmore and Cartier Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Aruba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Bermuda&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Bonaire&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Indian Ocean Territory&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian dependent territory
	[&quot;Bouvet Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Cayman Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Christmas Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Sui generis French &quot;state private property&quot; per Wikipedia; classify as overseas territory like the
	-- French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
	[&quot;Clipperton Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
	},
	-- Australian external territory; also called the Keeling Islands or (officially) the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
	[&quot;Cocos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		wp = &quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Keeling Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Cook Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Curaçao&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special territory of Chile
	[&quot;Easter Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Falkland Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Faroe Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;French Polynesia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- French overseas territory
	[&quot;French Southern and Antarctic Lands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Gibraltar&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Greenland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Guam&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Guernsey
	[&quot;Guernsey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		wp = &quot;Bailiwick of %l&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Guernsey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Guernsey&quot;, the = true},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Heard Island and McDonald Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Hong Kong&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency
	[&quot;Isle of Man&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Jan Mayen&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Jersey
	[&quot;Jersey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Jersey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jersey&quot;, the = true},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Macau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Montserrat&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special collectivity of France
	[&quot;New Caledonia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;New Zealand Subantarctic Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Niue&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Norfolk Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Cyprus
	[&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;Turkey&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Northern Cyprus]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Cyprus]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth, unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Northern Mariana Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Pitcairn Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth of the United States
	[&quot;Puerto Rico&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Saba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Barthélemy&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		divs = {{type = &quot;constituent parts&quot;, container_parent_type = false}},
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
		-- constituent parts of the combined oveseas territory
		[&quot;Ascension Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Saint Helena&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Martin&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Eustatius&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Maarten&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Somalia
	[&quot;Somaliland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Somaliland]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Somalia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	-- FIXME: We should form the group &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot; like we did for
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	[&quot;South Georgia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;South Ossetia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[South Ossetia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;South Sandwich Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		wp = true,
		wpcat = &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Svalbard&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;Tokelau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Moldova
	[&quot;Transnistria&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Moldova&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Transnistria]], internationally recognized as part of [[Moldova]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Turks and Caicos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Minor Outlying Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เกาะ&quot;, &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
		-- FIXME: We should add entries for the other minor outlying islands.
		-- Baker Island (Oceania)
		-- Howland Island (Oceania)
		-- Jarvis Island (Oceania)
		-- Johnston Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Kingman Reef (Oceania)
		-- Midway Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Navassa Island (Caribbean)
		-- Palmyra Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Wake Island (Oceania)
		[&quot;Wake Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
			container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
			addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
		},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;U.S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;US Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Wallis and Futuna&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
}

export.country_like_entities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;country-like entities&quot;},
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- These entities often aren't really part of their container; a village in Wallis and Futuna (an overseas
	-- collectivity of France in Polynesia), for example, shouldn't be treated as a village in France, nor as a village
	-- in Europe.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.country_like_entities,
}

-- Former countries and such; we don't create &quot;Cities in ...&quot; categories because they don't exist anymore
export.former_countries = {
	-- de-facto independent state of Armenian ethnicity, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan
	-- (also known as Nagorno-Karabakh)
	-- NOTE: Formerly listed Armenia as a parent; this seems politically non-neutral so I've taken it out.
	[&quot;Artsakh&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former de-facto independent state of [[Artsakh]], internationally recognized as part of [[Azerbaijan]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Artsakh&quot;},
	[&quot;Czechoslovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;East Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เวียดนามเหนือ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;เปอร์เซีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Byzantine Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Ancient Europe&quot;, &quot;Ancient Near East&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;themes&quot;,
		}},
	[&quot;Roman Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;},
		}},
	[&quot;เวียดนามใต้&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;Soviet Union&quot;] = {
		the = true, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous republics&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;West Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Yugoslavia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1918–1943) or the former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1943–1992)&quot;, british_spelling = true},
}

export.former_countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	default_is_former_place = true,
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.former_countries,
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                  Subpolity tables                             --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_states_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Jervis Bay Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Queensland, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tasmania, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Victoria, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states and territories of Australia
export.australia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;local government areas&quot;,
	data = export.australia_states_and_territories,
}

export.austria_states = {
	[&quot;Vienna, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Upper Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Styria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tyrol, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Tyrol (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Carinthia, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salzburg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Salzburg (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Vorarlberg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Burgenland, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Austria
export.austria_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.austria_states,
}

export.bangladesh_divisions = {
	[&quot;Barisal Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mymensingh Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rajshahi Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rangpur Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sylhet Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
}

-- divisions of Bangladesh
export.bangladesh_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ$&quot;, &quot; Division$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, &quot; Division&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;division&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	data = export.bangladesh_divisions,
}

export.brazil_states = {
	[&quot;Acre, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Alagoas, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amapá, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amazonas, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Brazilian state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Bahia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ceará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Distrito Federal, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Federal District (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;Espírito Santo, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Goiás, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maranhão, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minas Gerais, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraíba, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraná, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pernambuco, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piauí, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Norte, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rondônia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Roraima, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santa Catarina, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;São Paulo, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sergipe, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tocantins, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Brazil
export.brazil_group = {
	default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_states,
}

export.canada_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Alberta, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;municipal districts&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;rural municipalities&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;British Columbia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs =
		{type = &quot;regional districts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Manitoba, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;New Brunswick, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, {type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, cat_as = &quot;parishes&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Newfoundland and Labrador, แคนาดา&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northwest Territories, แคนาดา&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Nova Scotia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nunavut, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Ontario, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;, {type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Prince Edward Island, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, &quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saskatchewan, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Quebec, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		-- administrative regions have an official (but non-governmental) function but there don't appear to be any
		-- equivalent regions elsewhere in Canada, so disable the [[Category:Regions of Canada]] grouping
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}},
	[&quot;Yukon, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Yukon Territory, แคนาดา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yukon, Canada&quot;, the = true},
}

-- provinces and territories of Canada
export.canada_group = {
	default_container = &quot;แคนาดา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
	data = export.canada_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions = {
	-- direct-administered municipalities are not here but below under prefecture-level cities
	[&quot;Anhui, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fuchien, จีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gansu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangdong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Guizhou, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hainan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hebei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Heilongjiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Henan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hubei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Jiangsu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jiangxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jilin, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liaoning, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Qinghai, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shaanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shandong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sichuan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tibet, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;, wp = &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;},
	[&quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Yunnan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zhejiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and autonomous regions of China
export.china_group = {
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;มณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities = {
	-- In China, a &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; is not a city in any real sense. It is rather a prefecture, which is an
	-- administrative unit smaller than a province but bigger than a county, which is administratively controlled by
	-- the chief city of the prefecture (which bears the same name as the prefecture), in a unified government. Prior
	-- to the mid-1980's, in fact, prefecture-level cities *were* prefectures, and a few of them (especially in the
	-- western portion of China) have not yet been converted. Generally a given province is entirely tiled by
	-- prefecture-level cities, another indication that they should be treated as prefectures and not cities per se.
	-- Yet another indication is that prefecture-level cities can contain counties and county-level cities (which, much
	-- like prefecture-level cities, are effectively counties surrounding a chief city of the county, again which bears
	-- the same name as the county-level city).
	--
	-- For this reason, we treat prefecture-level cities as non-city political divisions, and separately enumerate the
	-- most populous so we can separately categorize districts and counties under them instead of lumping them at the
	-- province level.
	--
	-- Note also that China separately distinguishes &quot;urban area&quot; from &quot;metro area&quot;. Sometimes the two figures are
	-- identical but sometimes the metro area is larger (and very occasionally smaller, which I assume is an error). I'm
	-- guessing that the &quot;urban area&quot; is the contiguous urban area over a certain density while the metro area includes
	-- all urban areas above a certain density; when the latter is greater, it's because of satellite cities in the
	-- metro area separated by suburban/exurban or rural land.

	-- At first I chose all prefecture/province-level cities with a total prefecture/province-level population of at
	-- least 6,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/admin/ (a total
	-- of 67, including the four direct-administered municipalities), and also chose all prefecture/province-level
	-- cities whose &quot;urban population&quot; was at least 2,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List of cities in China by population#Cities and towns by population]] (a total of 61 cities; if we cut off
	-- at 1.5 million we'd have 84 cities, and if we cut off at 1 million we'd have 105 cities). Merging them produces
	-- 87 cities. Note that this leaves off a few well-known cities (Guilin, Qiqihar, Kashgar, Lhasa, ...) but includes
	-- a lot of obscure cities.
	--
	-- At a later date I added all cities from citypopulation.de whose &quot;urban&quot; population per the 2020 China census was
	-- &gt;= 1 million, and then finally added all urban agglomerations from citypopulation.de whose 2025-01-01 estimate
	-- was &gt;= 1 million. These are sorted below by the urban agglomeration value (which is generally of the &quot;adm-urb&quot; =
	-- &quot;administrative area (urban population)&quot; type) and sometimes groups nearby cities into a single agglomeration
	-- (most notably in the case of the Pearl River Delta, grouped under Guangzhou with an agglomeration population of
	-- 72,700,000 but including a large number of nearby large cities in the agglomeration (although for some reason not
	-- Hong Kong, maybe due to the administrative issues involved). In addition, citypopulation.de includes divisions
	-- under a prefecture-level city if they are city-like and have an agglomeration population of at least 1 million;
	-- this includes several county-level cities, one county and one district (Wanzhou, a &quot;district&quot; of Chongqing
	-- despite being 142 miles away). None of the county-level cities or counties have districts under them, only
	-- subdistricts, towns and townships.

	[&quot;Guangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 18.7 prefectural, 18.8 urban; sub-provincial city; 16.097 urban (72.700 adm-urb including Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Zhongshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongguan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 10.5 prefectural, 10.5 urban; 9.645 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Foshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 9.5 prefectural, 9.5 urban; 9.043 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Huizhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.0 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.900 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jiangmen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.798 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.795 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shenzhen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 17.5 prefectural, 14.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 17.445 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhongshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.418 prefectural, 4.4 urban; 3.842 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shanghai&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 24.9 prefectural, 29.9 urban; 21.910 urban (41.600 adm-urb including Changshu, Changzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changshu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.231 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Cangzhou in Hebei
	[&quot;Changzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 5.278 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 3.187 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: There is also a prefecture-level city Suzhou in Anhui with 5.3 million prefectural inhabitants
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 12.8 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 5.893 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Wuxi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 3.3 urban; 3.957 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Beijing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 21.9 prefectural, 21.9 urban; 18.961 urban (21.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chengdu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 20.9 prefectural, 16.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 13.568 urban (18.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiamen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 5.163 prefectural, 5.2 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.617 urban (15.400 adm-urb including Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Putian) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 1.416 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Quanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.7 urban (6.7 metro); 1.469 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Putian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 3.210 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.539 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Hangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 11.9 prefectural, 10.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.236 urban (14.600 adm-urb including Shaoxing) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 5.270 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.333 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Hangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Xi'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 12.1 prefectural, 11.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.393 urban (13.400 adm-urb including Xianyang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.193 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xi'an agglomeration
	[&quot;Chongqing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 32.1 prefectural, 16.9 urban; 9.581 urban (12.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 12.4 prefectural, 12.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 10.495 urban (12.600 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tianjin&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 13.9 prefectural, 13.9 urban; 11.052 urban (11.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.630 urban (11.500 adm-urb including Xiangtan, Zhuzhou) per citypopulation.de
	-- Changsha County -- 1.024 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.510 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Changsha agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhengzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 12.6 prefectural, 6.7 urban; 6.461 urban (10.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanjing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.3 prefectural, 9.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.520 urban (9.500 adm-urb including Ma'anshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shenyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 7.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.026 urban (8.800 adm-urb including Fushun) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fushun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.229 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shenyang agglomeration
	[&quot;Hefei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 4.2 urban; 5.056 urban (8.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shantou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 5.502 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.839 urban (8.050 adm-urb including Chaozhou, Jieyang, Puning) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chaozhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jieyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.243 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Qingdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 10.1 prefectural, 7.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 6.165 urban (7.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ningbo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 5.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 3.731 urban (7.600 adm-urb including Cixi, Yuyao) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Cixi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.458 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	[&quot;Yuyao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.014 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	-- Hong Kong 7.500 agglomeration per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 estimate including Kowloon, Victoria
	[&quot;Wenzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.6 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 2.582 urban (7.000 adm-urb including Rui'an, Cangnan, Pingyang) per citypopulation.de
	-- Rui'an is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Wenzhou but in fact is 19 miles away from Wenzhou city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Rui'an&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Wenzhou&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 1.013 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Wenzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Kunming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 8.5 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.273 urban (6.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Láiwú city
	[&quot;Jinan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.2 prefectural, 8.4 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.648 urban (6.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Xīnjí city
	[&quot;Shijiazhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.2 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 5.090 urban (6.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taiyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 5.304 prefectural, 4.5 urban; 4.304 urban (6.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Harbin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 7.0 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.243 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanning&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 8.7 prefectural, 3.8 urban; 4.583 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dalian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.914 urban (5.400 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guiyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 5.987 prefectural, 3.5 urban; 4.021 urban (5.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changchun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.557 urban (5.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 3.6 (3.9?) urban, 5.3 metro; 3.519 urban (5.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ürümqi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.054 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.843 urban (5.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Urumqi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ürümqi&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.3 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 3.723 urban (4.775 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 11.0 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.744 urban (4.650 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 4.704 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.750 urban (3.975 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.231 urban (3.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gansu&quot;}, -- 4.359 prefectural, 3.1 urban; 3.013 urban (3.575 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nantong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.988 urban (3.475 adm-urb) citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weifang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.998 urban (3.325 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiangyin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.331 urban (3.200 adm-urb including Zhangjiagang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiagang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.056 urban per citypopulation.de; included in Jiangyin figures
	[&quot;Xuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.846 urban (3.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Handan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.8 urban; 2.095 urban (2.925 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hohhot&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 3.446 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 2.373 urban (2.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Haikou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hainan&quot;}, -- 2.873 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.349 urban (2.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tangshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 3.4 urban; 2.550 urban (2.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinxiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 1.2 urban, 2.7 metro; 1.271 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yiwu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.481 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuhai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 2.439 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.207 urban (2.675 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.486 urban (2.625 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;},
	[&quot;Yantai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.312 urban (2.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yinchuan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.663 urban (2.525 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liuzhou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.157 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.205 urban (2.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.480 urban (2.350 adm-urb including Liáoyáng) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 2.067 urban (2.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (2.275 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qinghai&quot;}, -- 1.677 urban (2.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Dìngzhōu city and Xióngān Xīnqū
	[&quot;Baoding&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.5 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.940 urban (2.225 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baotou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 2.709 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.104 urban (2.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ganzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.778 urban (2.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Pingdingshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.046 urban (2.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zunyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 2.4 urban/metro; 1.675 urban (2.025 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bengbu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Datong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 3.105 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.810 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (1.960 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.556 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 1.805 urban (1.940 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zaozhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.350 urban (1.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhanjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 1.9 urban; 1.401 urban (1.890 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huainan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.256 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.4 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.700 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Daqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.604 urban (1.860 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.598 urban (1.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guilin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.361 urban (1.830 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Mianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.549 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiangyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.686 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.084 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Puyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.824 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangqiu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.8 prefectural, 1.9 urban (2.8 metro); 1.031 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qinhuangdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.520 urban (1.740 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xingtai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 971,000 urban; 1.5 urban (1.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.7 prefectural, 2.1 urban/metro; 1.481 urban (1.680 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaozuo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.875 urban (1.640 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 1.509 urban (1.610 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jilin City&quot;},
	[&quot;Jinhua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.041 urban (1.590 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangrao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.5 prefectural, 2.1 urban, 1.3 metro [sic]; 1.342 urban (1.580 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Heze&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.3 urban; 1.294 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yulin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 0.878 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.417 urban (1.560 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weihai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.340 urban (1.510 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Taizhou, Jiangsu would be here (1.490 adm-urb) but moved to china_prefecture_level_cities_2 to avoid clash
	[&quot;Yancheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 6.7 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.353 urban (1.460 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiakou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.339 urban (1.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Maoming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 1.308 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fuyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 8.2 prefectural, 2.1 urban; 1.191 urban (1.410 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xuchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.850 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yichang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.284 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dazhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.136 urban (1.380 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Kaifeng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.194 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.128 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qingyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.198 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huaibei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 0.831 urban (1.330 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yibin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.310 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lu'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.070 urban (1.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.843 urban (1.290 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Rizhao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.147 urban (1.270 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changzhi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 1.047 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.185 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.021 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liaocheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.020 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changde&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Suqian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.082 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 1.4 urban/metro; 1.015 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baoji&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.108 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yueyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.125 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhenjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.124 urban (1.210 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Wanzhou is a &quot;district&quot; of the &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot; of Chongqing but in fact is 142 miles away from Chongqing city proper.
	[&quot;Wanzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;district&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Chongqing&quot;, placetype = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (1.190 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ulanhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.093 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chifeng&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulankhad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhaoqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.036 urban (1.160 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lianyungang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.599 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.071 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qujing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 0.976 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Shuyang is a &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Suqian but in fact is 38 miles away from Suqian city proper (urban core to urban core).
	-- The county itself is 37 miles by 34 miles.
	[&quot;Shuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Suqian&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l County&quot;}, -- 0.986 urban (1.120 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Yongkang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Jinhua but in fact is 32 miles away from Jinhua city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Yongkang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Jinhua&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Zhejiang&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.110 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhoukou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 721,000 urban (1.6 metro); &lt; 0.750 urban (1.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Beihai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- &lt; 1 urban (1.090 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiujiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 802,000 urban, 1.4 metro; &lt; 1 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 0.885 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shiyan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 0.955 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huludao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.764 urban (1.060 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongying&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.961 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guigang&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 0.921 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Liuyang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Changsha but in fact is 47 miles away from Changsha city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Liuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Changsha&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.886 urban (1.040 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Changzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Cangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.3 prefectural, 621,000 urban; 0.759 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liupanshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Panjin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.980 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qiqihar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.030 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linfen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Tengzhou is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Zaozhuang but in fact is 30 miles away from Zaozhuang city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Tengzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Zaozhuang&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.937 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de

	-- 3 extra that got added in earlier incarnations and aren't found in the &quot;major agglomerations of the world&quot; page https://citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/ reference date 2025-01-01
	[&quot;Kunshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.652 urban (2020 China census) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhumadian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 722,000 urban per Wikipedia; 0.754 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bijie&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.9 prefectural, ? urban, ? metro (not listed in Wikipedia); &lt; 0.750 urban per citypopulation.de
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot; or &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities,
}

-- Needed to avoid problems with two cities called Taizhou and Suzhou.
export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2 = {
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Taizhou in Zhejiang.
	[&quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.3 urban (1.490 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;},
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Suzhou in Jiangsu.
	[&quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 5.3 prefectural, 1.766 metro and &quot;urban&quot;; &lt; 1 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	-- hopefully this will work because we also have Suzhou as a key by itself for the larger, more-well-known Suzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;},
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2 = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;.
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;subdistricts&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2,
}

export.finland_regions = {
	[&quot;Lapland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kainuu, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;South Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pirkanmaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satakunta, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijät-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kanta-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kymenlaakso, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Åland&quot;},
	[&quot;Åland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
}

-- regions of Finland
export.finland_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.finland_regions,
}

export.france_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brittany, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Centre-Val de Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Corsica, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- overseas departments are handled in `export.country_like_entities`
	-- [&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Grand Est, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hauts-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Île-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Occitanie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Pays de la Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of France
export.france_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
	-- Canonically these are 'administrative regions' but also treat as 'region' ('administrative region' falls back
	-- to 'region').
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
	},
	data = export.france_administrative_regions,
}

export.france_departments = {
	[&quot;Ain, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 01
	[&quot;Aisne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 02
	[&quot;Allier, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 03
	[&quot;Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 04
	[&quot;Hautes-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 05
	[&quot;Alpes-Maritimes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 06
	[&quot;Ardèche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 07
	[&quot;Ardennes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 08
	[&quot;Ariège, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 09
	[&quot;Aube, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 10
	[&quot;Aude, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 11
	[&quot;Aveyron, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 12
	[&quot;Bouches-du-Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 13
	[&quot;Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 14
	[&quot;Cantal, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 15
	[&quot;Charente, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 16
	[&quot;Charente-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 17
	[&quot;Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 18
	[&quot;Corrèze, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 19
	[&quot;Corse-du-Sud, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2A
	[&quot;Haute-Corse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2B
	[&quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 21
	[&quot;Côte d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 22
	[&quot;Côtes d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Creuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 23
	[&quot;Dordogne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 24
	[&quot;Doubs, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 25
	[&quot;Drôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 26
	[&quot;Eure, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 27
	[&quot;Eure-et-Loir, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 28
	[&quot;Finistère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 29
	[&quot;Gard, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 30
	[&quot;Haute-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 31
	[&quot;Gers, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 32
	[&quot;Gironde, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 33
	[&quot;Hérault, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 34
	[&quot;Ille-et-Vilaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 35
	[&quot;Indre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 36
	[&quot;Indre-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 37
	[&quot;Isère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 38
	[&quot;Jura, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 39
	[&quot;Landes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 40
	[&quot;Loir-et-Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 41
	[&quot;Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 42
	[&quot;Haute-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 43
	[&quot;Loire-Atlantique, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 44
	[&quot;Loiret, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 45
	[&quot;Lot, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 46
	[&quot;Lot-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 47
	[&quot;Lozère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 48
	[&quot;Maine-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 49
	[&quot;Manche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 50
	[&quot;Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 51
	[&quot;Haute-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 52
	[&quot;Mayenne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 53
	[&quot;Meurthe-et-Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 54
	[&quot;Meuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 55
	[&quot;Morbihan, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 56
	[&quot;Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 57
	[&quot;Nièvre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 58
	[&quot;Nord, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (French department)&quot;}, -- 59
	[&quot;Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 60
	[&quot;Orne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 61
	[&quot;Pas-de-Calais, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 62
	[&quot;Puy-de-Dôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 63
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Atlantiques, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 64
	[&quot;Hautes-Pyrénées, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 65
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Orientales, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 66
	[&quot;Bas-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 67
	[&quot;Haut-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 68
	[&quot;Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 69D
	[&quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, the = true}, -- 69M
	[&quot;Lyon Metropolis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Haute-Saône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 70
	[&quot;Saône-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 71
	[&quot;Sarthe, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 72
	[&quot;Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 73
	[&quot;Haute-Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 74
	[&quot;Paris, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 75
	[&quot;Seine-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 76
	[&quot;Seine-et-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 77
	[&quot;Yvelines, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 78
	[&quot;Deux-Sèvres, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 79
	[&quot;Somme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 80
	[&quot;Tarn, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 81
	[&quot;Tarn-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 82
	[&quot;Var, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 83
	[&quot;Vaucluse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 84
	[&quot;Vendée, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 85
	[&quot;Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 86
	[&quot;Haute-Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 87
	[&quot;Vosges, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 88
	[&quot;Yonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 89
	[&quot;Territoire de Belfort, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 90
	[&quot;Essonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 91
	[&quot;Hauts-de-Seine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 92
	[&quot;Seine-Saint-Denis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 93
	[&quot;Val-de-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 94
	[&quot;Val-d'Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 95
	--[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guadeloupe&quot;}, -- 971
	--[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {container = &quot;Martinique&quot;}, -- 972
	--[&quot;Guyane&quot;] = {container = &quot;French Guiana&quot;, wp = &quot;French Guiana&quot;}, -- 973
	--[&quot;La Réunion&quot;] = {container = &quot;Réunion&quot;, wp = &quot;Réunion&quot;}, -- 974
	--[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mayotte&quot;}, -- 976
}

export.france_departments_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;),
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;department&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	},
	data = export.france_departments,
}

export.germany_states = {
	[&quot;Baden-Württemberg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bavaria, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are effectively city-states and don't have districts ([[Kreise]]), so override
	-- the default_divs setting. Better not to include them at all since they're included as cities down below.
	-- [&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Brandenburg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	-- [&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Hesse, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Rhine-Westphalia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rhineland-Palatinate, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saarland, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony-Anhalt, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Schleswig-Holstein, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Thuringia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Germany
export.germany_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	data = export.germany_states,
}

export.greece_regions = {
	[&quot;Attica, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Crete, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Epirus, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Ionian Islands, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	-- I would expect 'the Peloponnese' but Wikipedia mostly has categories like [[w:Category:Geography of Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- and [[w:Category:Buildings and structures in Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]; only [[w:Category:People from the Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- has &quot;the&quot; in it.
	[&quot;Peloponnese, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;South Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Thessaly, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Athos, กรีซ&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;Monastic community of Mount Athos&quot;},
}

-- regions of Greece
export.greece_group = {
	default_container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.greece_regions,
}

local india_polity_with_divisions = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}
local india_polity_without_divisions = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}

-- States and union territories of India. Only some of them are divided into divisions.
export.india_states_and_union_territories = {
	[&quot;Andaman and Nicobar Islands, อินเดีย&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Andhra Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Arunachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Assam, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Bihar, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Chhattisgarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Goa, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Gujarat, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Haryana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Himachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jharkhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Karnataka, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Kerala, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Ladakh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Lakshadweep, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Madhya Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Maharashtra, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Manipur, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Meghalaya, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Mizoram, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Nagaland, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Odisha, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pondicherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Punjab, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajasthan, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Sikkim, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tamil Nadu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Telangana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tripura, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttar Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttarakhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;West Bengal, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
}

-- states and union territories of India
export.india_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินเดีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.india_states_and_union_territories,
}

export.indonesia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Aceh, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bali, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bangka Belitung Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Banten, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bengkulu, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorontalo, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Jakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Jambi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lampung, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Riau, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Riau Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Southeast Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
}

-- provinces of Indonesia
export.indonesia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- per https://www.quora.com/Does-Indonesia-use-British-or-American-English, อินโดนีเซีย tends to use American
	-- spellings.
	data = export.indonesia_provinces,
}

export.iran_provinces = {
	[&quot;Alborz, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AL, capital [[w:Karaj]]
	[&quot;Ardabil, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AR, capital [[w:Ardabil]]
	[&quot;Bushehr, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation BU, capital [[w:Bushehr]]
	[&quot;Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation CB, capital [[w:Shahr-e Kord]]
	[&quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation EA, capital [[w:Tabriz]]
	[&quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation FA, capital [[w:Shiraz]]
	[&quot;Pars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gilan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GN, capital [[w:Rasht]]
	[&quot;Golestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GO, capital [[w:Gorgan]]
	[&quot;Hamadan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HA, capital [[w:Hamadan]]
	[&quot;Hormozgan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HO, capital [[w:Bandar Abbas]]
	[&quot;Ilam, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IL, capital [[w:Ilam, อิหร่าน|Ilam]]
	[&quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IS, capital [[w:Isfahan]]
	[&quot;Kerman, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KN, capital [[w:Kerman]]
	[&quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KE, capital [[w:Kermanshah]]
	[&quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KH, capital [[w:Ahvaz]]
	[&quot;Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KB, capital [[w:Yasuj]]
	[&quot;Kurdistan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KU, capital [[w:Sanandaj]]
	[&quot;Lorestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation LO, capital [[w:Khorramabad]]
	[&quot;Markazi, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MA, capital [[w:Arak, อิหร่าน|Arak]]
	[&quot;Mazandaran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MN, capital [[w:Sari, อิหร่าน|Sari]]
	[&quot;North Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation NK, capital [[w:Bojnord]]
	[&quot;Qazvin, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QA, capital [[w:Qazvin]]
	[&quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QM, capital [[w:Qom]]
	[&quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation RK, capital [[w:Mashhad]]
	[&quot;Semnan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SE, capital [[w:Semnan, อิหร่าน|Semnan]]
	[&quot;Sistan and Baluchestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SB, capital [[w:Zahedan]]
	[&quot;South Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SK, capital [[w:Birjand]]
	[&quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation TE, capital [[w:Tehran]]
	[&quot;West Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation WA, capital [[w:Urmia]]
	[&quot;Yazd, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation YA, capital [[w:Yazd]]
	[&quot;Zanjan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation ZA, capital [[w:Zanjan, อิหร่าน|Zanjan]]
}

-- provinces of Iran
export.iran_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, อิหร่าน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, อิหร่าน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อิหร่าน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There aren't nearly enough counties of Iran currently entered in any language to allow for categorizing them
	-- per-province. (As of 2025-05-09, there are only 6 counties in each of [[Category:en:Counties of Iran]],
	-- [[Category:fa:Counties of Iran]] and [[Category:ar:Counties of Iran]].)
	-- default_divs = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.iran_provinces,
}

export.ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Carlow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cavan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Clare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Donegal, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Galway, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kerry, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kildare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kilkenny, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Laois, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Leitrim, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Limerick, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Longford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Louth, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Meath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Monaghan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Offaly, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Roscommon, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Sligo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Tipperary, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Waterford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Westmeath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wexford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wicklow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
}

local function make_irish_type_key_to_placename(container_pattern)
	return function(key)
		key = key:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
		local elliptical_key = key:gsub(&quot;^County &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		return key, elliptical_key
	end
end

local function make_irish_type_placename_to_key(container_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		if not placename:find(&quot;^County &quot;) and not placename:find(&quot;^City &quot;) then
			placename = &quot;County &quot; .. placename
		end
		return placename .. container_suffix
	end
end

-- counties of Ireland
export.ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.ireland_counties,
}

export.italy_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Abruzzo, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aosta Valley, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Apulia, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Basilicata, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Calabria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campania, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Emilia-Romagna, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lazio, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liguria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lombardy, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marche, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Molise, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piedmont, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sardinia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sicily, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tuscany, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Umbria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veneto, Italy&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of Italy
export.italy_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อิตาลี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.italy_administrative_regions,
}

-- table of Japanese prefectures; interpolated into the main 'places' table, but also needed separately
export.japan_prefectures = {
	[&quot;ไอจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อากิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อาโอโมริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จิบะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เอฮิเมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูอิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กิฟุ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กุมมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮิโรชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮกไกโด, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {divs = &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, wp = &quot;ฮกไกโด&quot;},
	[&quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Hyogo, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;อิบารากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิชิกาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิวาเตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คาโงชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คานางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Kochi, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;คูมาโมโตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เกียวโต, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิเอะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยางิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาโนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นาระ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นีงาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Oita, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;โอกายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอกินาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอซากะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซางะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไซตามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิมาเนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิซูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทจิงิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ทตโตริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทยามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;วากายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางูจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามานาชิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
}

-- prefectures of Japan
export.japan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.japan_prefectures,
}

export.laos_provinces = {
	[&quot;Attapeu Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bokeo Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bolikhamxai Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Champasak Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Houaphanh Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khammouane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Namtha Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Prabang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oudomxay Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Phongsaly Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salavan Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Savannakhet Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Prefecture, Laos&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;prefecture&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Sainyabuli Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sekong Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xaisomboun Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xiangkhouang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
}

local function laos_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Vientiane Prefecture&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; Province$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; Province, Laos&quot;
end

-- provinces of Laos
export.laos_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Laos$&quot;, {&quot; Province$&quot;, &quot; Prefecture$&quot;}),
	placename_to_key = laos_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Laos&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;%e province&quot;,
	data = export.laos_provinces,
}

export.lebanon_governorates = {
	[&quot;Akkar Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beirut Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	-- These two are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of `gov/North Governorate` or
	-- `gov/South Governorate` with `c/Lebanon`.
	[&quot;North Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;South Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- governorates of Lebanon
export.lebanon_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Lebanon$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Lebanon&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.lebanon_governorates,
}

export.malaysia_states = {
	[&quot;Johor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kedah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kelantan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Malacca, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pahang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perlis, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sabah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sarawak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Selangor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Terengganu, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Malaysia
export.malaysia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.malaysia_states,
}

export.malta_regions = {
	-- Some of the regions are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of e.g.
	-- `r/Northern Region` with `c/Malta`. In particular;
	-- * &quot;Eastern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Iceland, Nigeria, Venezuela, North Macedonia and
	--   El Salvador;
	-- * &quot;Northern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria, Canada and South Africa;
	-- * &quot;Western Region&quot; also occurs at least in Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, South Africa, Ghana, Iceland, Nepal, Nigeria,
	--   Serbia and Uganda;
	-- * &quot;Southern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Nigeria, Eritrea, Iceland, ไอร์แลนด์, Malawi and Serbia.
	[&quot;Eastern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Gozo Region, Malta&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Port Region, Malta&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Western Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- regions of Malta
export.malta_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Malta$&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Malta&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Malta&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	default_the = true,
	data = export.malta_regions,
}

export.mexico_states = {
	[&quot;Aguascalientes, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	-- not display-canonicalizing because the &quot;Norte&quot; could be for emphasis
	[&quot;Baja California Norte, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Baja California Sur, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campeche, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chiapas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chihuahua, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Coahuila, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colima, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Durango, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guanajuato, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guerrero, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hidalgo, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jalisco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- [&quot;Mexico City, Mexico&quot;] = {}, doesn't belong here because it's a city
	[&quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michoacan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Morelos, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nayarit, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo Leon, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Oaxaca, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Puebla, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queretaro, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Quintana Roo, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Sinaloa, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sonora, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tabasco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tamaulipas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tlaxcala, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veracruz, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zacatecas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
}

-- Mexican states
export.mexico_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_states,
}

export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units = {
	[&quot;Anenii Noi District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Anenii Noi]]
	[&quot;Basarabeasca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Basarabeasca]]
	[&quot;Briceni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Briceni]]
	[&quot;Cahul District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cahul]]
	[&quot;Cantemir District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cantemir, Moldova|Cantemir]]
	[&quot;Călărași District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Călărași, Moldova|Călărași]]
	[&quot;Căușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Căușeni]]
	[&quot;Cimișlia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cimișlia]]
	[&quot;Criuleni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Criuleni]]
	[&quot;Dondușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dondușeni]]
	[&quot;Drochia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Drochia]]
	[&quot;Dubăsari District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cocieri]]
	[&quot;Edineț District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Edineț]]
	[&quot;Fălești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Fălești]]
	[&quot;Florești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Florești, Moldova|Florești]]
	[&quot;Glodeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Glodeni]]
	[&quot;Hîncești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hîncești]]
	[&quot;Ialoveni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ialoveni]]
	[&quot;Leova District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Leova]]
	[&quot;Nisporeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nisporeni]]
	[&quot;Ocnița District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ocnița]]
	[&quot;Orhei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Orhei]]
	[&quot;Rezina District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rezina]]
	[&quot;Rîșcani District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rîșcani]]
	[&quot;Sîngerei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sîngerei]]
	[&quot;Soroca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Soroca]]
	[&quot;Strășeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Strășeni]]
	[&quot;Șoldănești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Șoldănești]]
	[&quot;Ștefan Vodă District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ștefan Vodă]]
	[&quot;Taraclia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Taraclia]]
	[&quot;Telenești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Telenești]]
	[&quot;Ungheni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ungheni]]
	[&quot;Chișinău, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Bălți, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gagauzia, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Comrat]]
	-- the remainder are under the de-facto control of the unrecognized state of Transnistria
	[&quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Tighina, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;},
	[&quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Tiraspol]]
	[&quot;Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
}

local function moldova_placename_to_key(placename)
	local elliptical_key = placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	if export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units[elliptical_key] then
		return elliptical_key
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Moldova&quot;
end

-- Moldovan districts (raions) and autonomous territorial units
export.moldova_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Moldova$&quot;, &quot; District&quot;),
	placename_to_key = moldova_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Moldova&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;raion&quot;},
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units,
}

export.morocco_regions = {
	[&quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;L'Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra&quot;},
	[&quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra&quot;},
	[&quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Marrakesh–Safi&quot;}, -- WP title has en-dash
	[&quot;Marrakech-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Drâa-Tafilalet&quot;},
	[&quot;Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guelmim-Oued Noun, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies partly within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;
	},
	[&quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {
		wp = &quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra&quot;,
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies almost completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
}

-- regions of Morocco
export.morocco_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Morocco&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.morocco_regions,
}

export.egypt_governorates = {
	[&quot;Cairo Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giza Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sharqia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beheira Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minya Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sohag Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alexandria Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gharbia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asyut Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Monufia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faiyum Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qena Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Damietta Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aswan Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ismailia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luxor Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suez Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Port Said Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Matrouh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Red Sea Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Valley Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
}

-- governorates of Egypt
export.egypt_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Egypt$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Egypt&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.egypt_governorates,
}

export.netherlands_provinces = {
	[&quot;Drenthe, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Flevoland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friesland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gelderland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Groningen, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Limburg, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	-- Foreign forms get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Noord-Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Noord-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Overijssel, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zuid-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Utrecht, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Zeeland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of the Netherlands
export.netherlands_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.netherlands_provinces,
}

export.new_zealand_regions = {
	-- North Island regions
	[&quot;Northland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NTL, number 1, capital [[Whangārei]]
	[&quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-AUK, number 2, capital [[Auckland]]
	[&quot;Waikato, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WKO, number 3, capital [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]]
	[&quot;Bay of Plenty, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-BOP, number 4, capital [[Whakatāne]]
	[&quot;Gisborne, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-GIS, number 5, capital [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]]
	[&quot;Hawke's Bay, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-HKB, number 6, capital [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]]
	[&quot;Taranaki, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TKI, number 7, capital [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]]
	[&quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MWT, number 8, capital [[Palmerston North]]
	[&quot;Manawatu-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Wellington, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WGN, number 9, capital [[Wellington]]
	-- South Island regions
	[&quot;Tasman, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TAS, number 10, capital [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]]
	[&quot;Nelson, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, is_city = true}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NSN, number 11, capital [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]
	[&quot;Marlborough, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MBH, number 12, capital [[Blenheim, New Zealand|Blenheim]]
	[&quot;West Coast, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WTC, number 13, capital [[Greymouth]]
	[&quot;Canterbury, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-CAN, number 14, capital [[Christchurch]]
	[&quot;Otago, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-OTA, number 15, capital [[Dunedin]]
	[&quot;Southland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-STL, number 16, capital [[Invercargill]]
}

-- regions of New Zealand
export.new_zealand_group = {
	default_container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.new_zealand_regions,
}

export.nigeria_states = {
	[&quot;Abia State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Adamawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Anambra State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bauchi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bayelsa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benue State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Borno State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cross River State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Delta State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ebonyi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Edo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ekiti State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Enugu State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;] = {
		-- not a state but allow it to be referenced as one in holonyms
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, the = true, wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Gombe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Imo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jigawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaduna State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kano State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Katsina State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kebbi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kogi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kwara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lagos State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nasarawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Niger State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ogun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ondo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Osun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oyo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Plateau State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rivers State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sokoto State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taraba State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yobe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamfara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Nigeria
export.nigeria_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Nigeria$&quot;, &quot; State$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Nigeria&quot;, &quot; State&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_states,
}

export.north_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;Chagang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kangwon Province, North Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ryanggang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of North Korea
export.north_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, North Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, North Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;North Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.north_korea_provinces,
}

export.norwegian_counties = {
	[&quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rogaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Møre og Romsdal, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nordland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Østfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akershus, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Buskerud, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Innlandet
	-- [&quot;Hedmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Oppland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Innlandet, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Telemark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Agder
	-- [&quot;Aust-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Vest-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Vestland
	-- [&quot;Hordaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sogn og Fjordane, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Trøndelag, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Troms, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Finnmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Norway
export.norway_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.norwegian_counties,
}

export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Balochistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		divs = {}, -- no divisions
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	-- Islamabad is an accepted alias for Islamabad Capital Territory given the above placetypes
	[&quot;Islamabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Punjab, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Sindh, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and territories of Pakistan
export.pakistan_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Pakistan&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;divisions&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.philippines_provinces = {
	[&quot;Abra, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Agusan del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agusan del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aklan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Albay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Antique, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Apayao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aurora, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Basilan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bataan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batangas, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benguet, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Biliran, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bohol, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bukidnon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bulacan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cagayan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camiguin, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Capiz, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Catanduanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cavite, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cebu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao de Oro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dinagat Islands, Philippines&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Eastern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guimaras, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ifugao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iloilo, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Isabela, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Kalinga, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Union, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Laguna, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Lanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marinduque, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Masbate, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mountain Province, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Ecija, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occidental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Palawan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pampanga, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pangasinan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quezon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quirino, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rizal, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Romblon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sarangani, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Siquijor, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sorsogon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sultan Kudarat, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sulu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tarlac, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tawi-Tawi, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zambales, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	-- not a province but treated as one; allow it to be referred to as a province in holonyms
	[&quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
}

-- provinces of the Philippines
export.philippines_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Philippines&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;},
	data = export.philippines_provinces,
}

export.poland_voivodeships = {
	[&quot;Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr DS, code 02, capital Wrocław
	[&quot;Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr KP, code 04, capital Bydgoszcz (seat of voivode), Toruń (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lublin Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LU, code 06, capital Lublin
	[&quot;Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LB, code 08, capital Gorzów Wielkopolski (seat of voivode), Zielona Góra (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Łódź Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr LD, code 10, capital Łódź
	[&quot;Łódź Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MA, code 12, capital Kraków
	[&quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MZ, code 14, capital Warsaw
	[&quot;Opole Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr OP, code 16, capital Opole
	[&quot;Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PK, code 18, capital Rzeszów
	[&quot;Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PD, code 20, capital Białystok
	[&quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PM, code 22, capital Gdańsk
	[&quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr SL, code 24, capital Katowice
	[&quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr SK, code 26, capital Kielce
	[&quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WN, code 28, capital Olsztyn
	[&quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WP, code 30, capital Poznań
	[&quot;West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr ZP, code 32, capital Szczecin
}

-- voivodeships of Poland
export.poland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Poland$&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Poland&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Poland&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, -- not enough of them currently
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	},
	data = export.poland_voivodeships,
}

export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions = {
	[&quot;Azores, Portugal&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Aveiro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beja District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Braga District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bragança District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castelo Branco District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Coimbra District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Évora District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guarda District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leiria District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisboa District, Portugal&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Madeira, Portugal&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portalegre District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santarém District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Setúbal District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viana do Castelo District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vila Real District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viseu District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
}

local function portugal_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Azores&quot; or placename == &quot;Madeira&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Portugal&quot;
end

-- districts and autonomous regions of Portugal
export.portugal_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Portugal$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = portugal_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Portugal&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;district&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.romania_counties = {
	[&quot;Alba County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arad County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Argeș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bacău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bihor County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Botoșani County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brașov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brăila County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	-- Bucharest: not in a county
	[&quot;Buzău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Caraș-Severin County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cluj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Constanța County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Covasna County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Călărași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dolj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dâmbovița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galați County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giurgiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Harghita County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunedoara County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ialomița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilfov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maramureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mehedinți County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Neamț County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Olt County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Prahova County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satu Mare County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sibiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suceava County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sălaj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Teleorman County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Timiș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tulcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vaslui County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vrancea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vâlcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Romania
export.romania_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Romania$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Romania&quot;, &quot; County&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Romania&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.romania_counties,
}

local function make_russia_federal_subject_spec(spectype, use_the, wp)
	return {
		placetype = spectype,
		the = not not use_the,
		bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, spectype .. &quot;s&quot;},
		wp = wp,
	}
end

local russia_autonomous_okrug_no_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;}}
local russia_autonomous_okrug_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;},
	 the = true}
local russia_krai = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;krai&quot;)
local russia_oblast = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;)
local russia_republic_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, &quot;use the&quot;)
local russia_republic_no_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;)
export.russia_federal_subjects = {
	-- autonomous oblasts
	[&quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;},
		 bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;}},
	-- autonomous okrugs
	[&quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Chukotka, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khantia-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yugra, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Nenetsia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Yamalia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	-- krais
	[&quot;Altai Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Kamchatka Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Khabarovsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Primorsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Stavropol Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	-- oblasts
	[&quot;Amur Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Astrakhan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Belgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Bryansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Irkutsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ivanovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaluga Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kemerovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kirov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kostroma Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kurgan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kursk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Leningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Lipetsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Magadan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Moscow Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Murmansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Omsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Orenburg Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Oryol Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Penza Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Pskov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Rostov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ryazan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sakhalin Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Samara Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Saratov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Smolensk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tambov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tomsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tula Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tver Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tyumen Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vladimir Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Volgograd Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vologda Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Voronezh Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	-- republics
	--
	-- We only need to include cases that aren't just shortened versions of the full federal subject name (i.e. where
	-- words like &quot;Republic&quot; and &quot;Oblast&quot; are omitted but the name is not otherwise modified; these are handled by
	-- key_to_placename). Non-display-canonicalizing aliases are generally due to differences in the presence or absence
	-- of &quot;the&quot;.
	[&quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Adygea, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkiria, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Karelia&quot;),
	[&quot;Republic of Karelia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;North Ossetia–Alania&quot;), -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Altai Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	[&quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chechen Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chuvash Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkariya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;,
		display = &quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Komi, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Komi Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Komi Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Komi, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Mari El Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Sakha Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yakutiya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;,
		the = true},
	[&quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Tyva, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Tyva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display= &quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Udmurt Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	-- Not included due to being unrecognized and only partly controlled:
	-- [&quot;Crimea, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Crimea (Russia)&quot;)
	-- [&quot;Donetsk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Luhansk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Zaporozhye Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast&quot;),
	-- [&quot;Kherson Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast&quot;),
	-- There are also federal cities (not included because they're cities):
	-- Moscow, Saint Petersburg; Sevastopol (unrecognized; same status as for &quot;Crimea, Russia&quot; above)
}

local function russia_key_to_placename(key)
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local full_placename = key
	if key == &quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast&quot; then
		return full_placename, full_placename
	end
	local elliptical_placename
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		elliptical_placename = key:match(&quot;^(.*) &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;$&quot;)
		if elliptical_placename then
			return full_placename, elliptical_placename
		end
	end
	return full_placename, full_placename
end

local function russia_placename_to_key(placename)
	local key = placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
	if export.russia_federal_subjects[key] then
		return key
	end
	-- We allow the user to say e.g. &quot;obl/Samara&quot; in place of &quot;obl/Samara Oblast&quot;.
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		local suffixed_key = placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
		if export.russia_federal_subjects[suffixed_key] then
			return suffixed_key
		end
	end
	return placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
end

local function construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc(group, key, spec)
	local placename = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local linked_placename = export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename)
	local placetype = spec.placetype
	if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
		placetype = placetype[1]
	end
	if placetype == &quot;oblast&quot; then
		-- Hack: Oblasts generally don't have entries under &quot;Foo Oblast&quot;
		-- but just under &quot;Foo&quot;, so fix the linked key appropriately;
		-- doesn't apply to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
		linked_placename = linked_placename:gsub(&quot; Oblast%]%]&quot;, &quot;%]%] Oblast&quot;)
	end
	return linked_placename .. &quot;, a [[federal subject]] ([[&quot; .. placetype .. &quot;]]) of [[Russia]]&quot;
end

-- federal subjects of Russia
export.russia_group = {
	key_to_placename = russia_key_to_placename,
	placename_to_key = russia_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_keydesc = construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;federal subjects of Russia&quot;, &quot;+++&quot;},
	data = export.russia_federal_subjects,
}

export.saudi_arabia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	-- Name is too generic to assume it's in Saudi Arabia if not specified.
	[&quot;Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Medina Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Asir&quot;},
	[&quot;Asir Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Qassim Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Ḥa'il Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ḥa'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Jawf Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Najran Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Borders Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Saudi Arabia
export.saudi_arabia_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Saudi Arabia$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_provinces,
}

export.south_africa_provinces = {
	[&quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Free State, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Limpopo, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mpumalanga, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	-- per Wikipedia and other sources, `North West` doesn't normally have `the` before it
	[&quot;North West, South Africa&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (South African province)&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- provinces of South Africa
export.south_africa_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Africa&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.south_africa_provinces,
}

export.south_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;North Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gangwon Province, South Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gyeonggi Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jeju Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of South Korea
export.south_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_provinces,
}

export.spain_autonomous_communities = {
	[&quot;Andalusia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aragon, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asturias, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Balearic Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Basque Country, Spain&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (autonomous community)&quot;},
	[&quot;Canary Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Cantabria, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castile and León, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castilla-La Mancha, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Castilla–La Mancha&quot;}, -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Catalonia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Community of Madrid, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Extremadura, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galicia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Spain)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Rioja, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Murcia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Region of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;Navarre, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Valencian Community&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencian Community, Spain&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;, the = true},
}

-- autonomous communities of Spain
export.spain_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Spain&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;comarcas&quot;},
	data = export.spain_autonomous_communities,
}

export.taiwan_counties = {
	[&quot;จางฮว่า, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เจียอี้, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซินจู๋, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮวาเหลียน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จินเหมิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะจินเหมิน&quot;},
	[&quot;เหลียนเจียง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะหมาจู่&quot;},
	[&quot;เหมียวลี่, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;หนานโถว, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เผิงหู, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;เผิงหู&quot;},
	[&quot;ผิงตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไถตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อี๋หลาน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;ยฺหวินหลิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Taiwan
export.taiwan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไต้หวัน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_counties,
}

export.thailand_provinces = { --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
    -- กรุงเทพมหานคร (Bangkok - special administrative area)
    [&quot;อำนาจเจริญ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อ่างทอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บึงกาฬ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บุรีรัมย์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ฉะเชิงเทรา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยนาท, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยภูมิ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;จันทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงใหม่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงราย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชลบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชุมพร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาฬสินธุ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กำแพงเพชร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาญจนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ขอนแก่น, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กระบี่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำปาง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำพูน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เลย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลพบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แม่ฮ่องสอน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มหาสารคาม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มุกดาหาร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครนายก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครปฐม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครพนม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครราชสีมา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครสวรรค์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครศรีธรรมราช, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;น่าน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นราธิวาส, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองบัวลำภู, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองคาย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นนทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปทุมธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปัตตานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พังงา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พัทลุง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พะเยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบูรณ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิจิตร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิษณุโลก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พระนครศรีอยุธยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แพร่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ภูเก็ต, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปราจีนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ประจวบคีรีขันธ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระนอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ราชบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระยอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ร้อยเอ็ด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระแก้ว, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สกลนคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรปราการ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสาคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสงคราม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สตูล, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สิงห์บุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ศรีสะเกษ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สงขลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุโขทัย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุพรรณบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุราษฎร์ธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุรินทร์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตาก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตรัง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตราด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุบลราชธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุดรธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุทัยธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุตรดิตถ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยะลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยโสธร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Thailand
export.thailand_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไทย$&quot;), --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไทย&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไทย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.thailand_provinces,
}

export.turkey_provinces = {
	[&quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 01
	[&quot;Adıyaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 02
	[&quot;Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 03
	[&quot;Ağrı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 04
	[&quot;Amasya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 05
	[&quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 06
	[&quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 07
	[&quot;Artvin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 08
	[&quot;Aydın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 09
	[&quot;Balıkesir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 10
	[&quot;Bilecik Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 11
	[&quot;Bingöl Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 12
	[&quot;Bitlis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 13
	[&quot;Bolu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 14
	[&quot;Burdur Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 15
	[&quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 16
	[&quot;Çanakkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 17
	[&quot;Çankırı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 18
	[&quot;Çorum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 19
	[&quot;Denizli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 20
	[&quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 21
	[&quot;Edirne Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 22
	[&quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 23
	[&quot;Elâzığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Erzincan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 24
	[&quot;Erzurum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 25
	[&quot;Eskişehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 26
	[&quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 27
	[&quot;Giresun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 28
	[&quot;Gümüşhane Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 29
	[&quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 30
	[&quot;Hakkari Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hatay Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 31
	[&quot;Isparta Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 32
	[&quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 33
	-- [&quot;Istanbul Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 34; this is coextensive with the city itself
	[&quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 35
	[&quot;Izmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kars Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 36
	[&quot;Kastamonu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 37
	[&quot;Kayseri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 38
	[&quot;Kırklareli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 39
	[&quot;Kırşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 40
	[&quot;Kocaeli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 41
	[&quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 42
	[&quot;Kütahya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 43
	[&quot;Malatya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 44
	[&quot;Manisa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 45
	[&quot;Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 46
	[&quot;Mardin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 47
	[&quot;Muğla Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 48
	[&quot;Muş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 49
	[&quot;Nevşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 50
	[&quot;Niğde Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 51
	[&quot;Ordu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 52
	[&quot;Rize Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 53
	[&quot;Sakarya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 54
	[&quot;Samsun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 55
	[&quot;Siirt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 56
	[&quot;Sinop Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 57
	[&quot;Sivas Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 58
	[&quot;Tekirdağ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 59
	[&quot;Tokat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 60
	[&quot;Trabzon Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 61
	[&quot;Tunceli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 62
	[&quot;Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 63
	[&quot;Uşak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 64
	[&quot;Van Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 65
	[&quot;Yozgat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 66
	[&quot;Zonguldak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 67
	[&quot;Aksaray Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 68
	[&quot;Bayburt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 69
	[&quot;Karaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 70
	[&quot;Kırıkkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 71
	[&quot;Batman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 72
	[&quot;Şırnak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 73
	[&quot;Bartın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 74
	[&quot;Ardahan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 75
	[&quot;Iğdır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 76
	[&quot;Yalova Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 77
	[&quot;Karabük Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 78
	[&quot;Kilis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 79
	[&quot;Osmaniye Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 80
	[&quot;Düzce Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 81
}

-- provinces of Turkey
export.turkey_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Turkey$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Turkey&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Turkey&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	data = export.turkey_provinces,
}

export.ukraine_oblasts = {
	[&quot;Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cherkasy]], license plate prefix CA, IA
	[&quot;Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernihiv]], license plate prefix CB, IB
	[&quot;Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernivtsi]], license plate prefix CE, IE
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Dnipro Oblast'
	[&quot;Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dnipro]], license plate prefix AE, KE
	[&quot;Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Donetsk]] ([[Kramatorsk]])'', license plate prefix AH, KH
	[&quot;Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], license plate prefix AT, KT
	[&quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kharkiv]], license plate prefix AX, KX
	[&quot;Kherson Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Kherson]]'', license plate prefix ''BT, HT''
	[&quot;Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Khmelnytskyi]], license plate prefix BX, HX
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Kropyvnytskyi Oblast'
	[&quot;Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kropyvnytskyi]], license plate prefix BA, HA
	[&quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kyiv]], license plate prefix AI, KI
	[&quot;Kiev Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Luhansk]] ([[Sievierodonetsk]])'', license plate prefix BB, HB
	[&quot;Lviv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lviv]], license plate prefix BC, HC
	[&quot;Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mykolaiv]], license plate prefix BE, HE
	[&quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Odesa]], license plate prefix BH, HH
	[&quot;Odessa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poltava Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Poltava]], license plate prefix BI, HI
	[&quot;Rivne Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rivne]], license plate prefix BK, HK
	[&quot;Sumy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sumy]], license plate prefix BM, HM
	[&quot;Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ternopil]], license plate prefix BO, HO
	[&quot;Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinnytsia]], license plate prefix AB, KB
	[&quot;Volyn Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lutsk]], license plate prefix AC, KC
	[&quot;Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Uzhhorod]], license plate prefix AO, KO
	[&quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Zaporizhzhia]]'', license plate prefix AP, KP
	[&quot;Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Zhytomyr]], license plate prefix AM, KM
}

-- oblasts of Ukraine
export.ukraine_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Ukraine$&quot;, &quot; Oblast$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Ukraine&quot;, &quot; Oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;},
	data = export.ukraine_oblasts,
}

export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries = {
	[&quot;England&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Northern Ireland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Scotland&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;council areas&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	}},
	[&quot;Wales&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;county boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;Welsh communities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false}}},
	}},
}

-- constituent countries and provinces of the United Kingdom
export.united_kingdom_group = {
	placename_to_key = false,
	default_container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		&quot;traditional counties&quot;,
		{type = &quot;historical counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;traditional counties&quot;},
	},
	-- Don't create categories like 'Category:en:Towns in the United Kingdom'
	-- or 'Category:en:Places in the United Kingdom'.
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	data = export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries,
}

export.england_counties = {
	-- NOTE: We used to have various other &quot;no longer&quot; counties commented out, which seems to refer to counties that
	-- existed officially at some point between 1889 and 1974, which I have removed. I have only kept the three
	-- ceremonial counties that existed from 1974 (when ceremonial counties were created) to 1996, as well as those
	-- still considered &quot;historic counties&quot; per [[w:Historic counties of England]].
	-- [&quot;Avon, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Bedfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Berkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Brighton and Hove, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	-- [&quot;Bristol, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	[&quot;Buckinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cambridgeshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cheshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cleveland, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Cornwall, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cumberland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Cumbria, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Derbyshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Devon, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dorset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Durham, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Essex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gloucestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater London, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater Manchester, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Herefordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hertfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Humberside, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	-- [&quot;Huntingdonshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Isle of Wight, England&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Kent, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lancashire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leicestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lincolnshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Merseyside, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Middlesex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Norfolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northamptonshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northumberland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nottinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oxfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rutland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shropshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Somerset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Humberside, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staffordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suffolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surrey, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sussex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Tyne and Wear, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Warwickshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Midlands, England&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Westmorland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;West Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wiltshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Worcestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;East Riding of Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- counties of England
export.england_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		&quot;civil parishes&quot;,
	},
	data = export.england_counties,
}

export.northern_ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Antrim, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Armagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Belfast, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Belfast&quot;},
	[&quot;County Down, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Londonderry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Derry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Derry&quot;},
	[&quot;County Tyrone, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Northern Ireland
export.northern_ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, Northern Ireland$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;),
	default_container = {key = &quot;Northern Ireland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.northern_ireland_counties,
}

export.scotland_council_areas = {
	[&quot;Aberdeenshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Angus, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Argyll and Bute, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Aberdeen&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Dundee&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Glasgow&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Clackmannanshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Falkirk, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Fife, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Inverclyde, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Midlothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Moray, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Orkney Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Perth and Kinross, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Scottish Borders, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Shetland Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;South Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Stirling, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;West Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Outer Hebrides&quot;},
	[&quot;Na h-Eileanan Siar, Scotland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;},
}

-- council areas of Scotland
export.scotland_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;council area&quot;,
	data = export.scotland_council_areas,
}

export.wales_principal_areas = {
	[&quot;Blaenau Gwent, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bridgend, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Caerphilly, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Cardiff, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Carmarthenshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Ceredigion, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Conwy, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Denbighshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Flintshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gwynedd, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Merthyr Tydfil, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Monmouthshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Neath Port Talbot, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Newport, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Pembrokeshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Powys, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Swansea, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Torfaen, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vale of Glamorgan, Wales&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Wrexham, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
}

-- principal areas (cities, counties and county boroughs) of Wales
export.wales_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	data = export.wales_principal_areas,
}

export.united_states_states = {
	[&quot;Alabama, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alaska, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;borough seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Arizona, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arkansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;California, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colorado, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Connecticut, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Delaware, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Florida, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Georgia, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (U.S. state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hawaii, USA&quot;] = {addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;}},
	[&quot;Idaho, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Illinois, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Indiana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iowa, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kentucky, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Louisiana, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Maine, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maryland, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Massachusetts, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michigan, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minnesota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mississippi, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Missouri, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Montana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nebraska, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nevada, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Hampshire, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Jersey, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;New Mexico, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New York, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ohio, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oklahoma, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oregon, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pennsylvania, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Rhode Island, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tennessee, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Texas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Utah, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vermont, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Washington, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wisconsin, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wyoming, USA&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of the United States
export.united_states_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, USA&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	data = export.united_states_states,
}

export.vietnam_provinces = {
	-- [[Northeast (Vietnam)|Northeast]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Giang]]
	[&quot;Bắc Kạn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Kạn]]
	[&quot;Cao Bằng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Bằng]]
	[&quot;Hà Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Giang]]
	[&quot;Lạng Sơn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lạng Sơn]]
	[&quot;Phú Thọ, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Việt Trì]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hạ Long]]
	[&quot;Thái Nguyên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Nguyên]]
	[&quot;Tuyên Quang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuyên Quang]]

	-- [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]] region
	[&quot;Lào Cai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lào Cai]]
	[&quot;Yên Bái, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Yên Bái]]
	[&quot;Điện Biên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Điện Biên Phủ]]
	[&quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hoà Bình City|Hoà Bình]]
	[&quot;Hòa Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lai Châu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lai Châu]]
	[&quot;Sơn La, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sơn La]]

	-- [[Red River Delta]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Ninh]]
	[&quot;Hà Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phủ Lý]]
	[&quot;Hải Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hải Dương]]
	[&quot;Hưng Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hưng Yên]]
	[&quot;Nam Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nam Định]]
	[&quot;Ninh Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ninh Bình|Hoa Lư]]
	[&quot;Thái Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Bình]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Phúc, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Yên]]
	-- [&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hoàn Kiếm district]]
	-- [&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hồng Bàng district]]

	-- [[North Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Hà Tĩnh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Tĩnh]]
	[&quot;Nghệ An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinh]]
	[&quot;Quảng Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Hới]]
	[&quot;Quảng Trị, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đông Hà]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thanh Hoá]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hóa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	-- [&quot;Hue&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- capital [[Thuận Hoá district]]

	-- [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]] region
	[&quot;Đắk Lắk, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Buôn Ma Thuột]]
	[&quot;Đăk Nông, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Gia Nghĩa]]
	[&quot;Gia Lai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Pleiku]]
	[&quot;Kon Tum, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kon Tum]]
	[&quot;Lâm Đồng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đà Lạt]]

	-- [[South Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Bình Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quy Nhon]]
	[&quot;Bình Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Thiết]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nha Trang]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hòa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ninh Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm]]
	[&quot;Phú Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuy Hoà]]
	[&quot;Quảng Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tam Kỳ]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ngãi, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quảng Ngãi]]
	-- [&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hải Châu district]]

	-- [[Southeast (Vietnam)|Southeast]] region
	[&quot;Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bà Rịa]]
	[&quot;Bình Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thủ Dầu Một]]
	[&quot;Bình Phước, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Xoài]]
	[&quot;Đồng Nai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Biên Hoà]]
	[&quot;Tây Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tây Ninh]]
	-- [&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[District 1, Ho Chi Minh City|'''District 1''']]

	-- [[Mekong Delta]] region
	[&quot;An Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Long Xuyên]]
	[&quot;Bạc Liêu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bạc Liêu]]
	[&quot;Bến Tre, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bến Tre]]
	[&quot;Cà Mau, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cà Mau]]
	[&quot;Đồng Tháp, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Lãnh City|Cao Lãnh]]
	[&quot;Hậu Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vị Thanh]]
	[&quot;Kiên Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rạch Giá]]
	[&quot;Long An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tân An]]
	[&quot;Sóc Trăng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sóc Trăng]]
	[&quot;Tiền Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mỹ Tho]]
	[&quot;Trà Vinh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Trà Vinh]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Long, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Long]]
	-- [&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
}

-- provinces of Vietnam
export.vietnam_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, เวียดนาม$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_provinces,
}


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                      City data                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_cities = {
	[&quot;Adelaide&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Australia&quot;}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brisbane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Queensland&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Conglomeration; including the Gold Coast [750,997 2024 estiamte])
	[&quot;Canberra&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}}, -- 510,641 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Melbourne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Victoria&quot;}, -- 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 534,033 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;},
	[&quot;Perth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Western Australia&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Sydney&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;}, -- 5,100,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.australia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.australia_cities,
}

export.brazil_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;São Paulo&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 22,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Guarulhos)
	[&quot;Sao Paulo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;}, -- 13,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Belo Horizonte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minas Gerais&quot;}, -- 5,300,000
	[&quot;Recife&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pernambuco&quot;}, -- 4,100,000
	[&quot;Porto Alegre&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Sul&quot;}, -- 3,950,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Brasília&quot;] = {container = &quot;Distrito Federal&quot;}, -- 3,850,000
	[&quot;Brasilia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Brasília&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fortaleza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ceará&quot;}, -- 3,825,000
	[&quot;Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bahia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;}, -- 3,400,000
	[&quot;Curitiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 3,375,000
	[&quot;Campinas&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 3,250,000
	[&quot;Goiânia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Goiás&quot;}, -- 2,525,000
	[&quot;Goiania&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Goiânia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manaus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Amazonas&quot;}, -- 2,275,000
	[&quot;Belém&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pará&quot;}, -- 2,200,000
	[&quot;Belem&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Belém&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Vitória&quot;] = {container = &quot;Espírito Santo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000
	[&quot;Vitoria&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vitória&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,760,000
	[&quot;São Luís&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maranhão&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,530,000
	[&quot;Sao Luis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Luís&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Natal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Norte&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Florianópolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Santa Catarina&quot;}, -- 1,260,000
	[&quot;Florianopolis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Florianópolis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maceió&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alagoas&quot;}, -- 1,220,000
	[&quot;Maceio&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Maceió&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;João Pessoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraíba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,210,000
	[&quot;Joao Pessoa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;João Pessoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São José dos Campos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Sao Jose dos Campos&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São José dos Campos&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Londrina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 1,050,000
	[&quot;Teresina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piauí&quot;}, -- 1,040,000
}

export.brazil_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, บราซิล&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_cities,
}

export.canada_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Toronto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 7,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Hamilton)
	[&quot;Montreal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 4,500,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Vancouver&quot;] = {container = &quot;British Columbia&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Calgary&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Edmonton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,460,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Ottawa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quebec City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 839,311 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Winnipeg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Manitoba&quot;}, -- 834,678 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Hamilton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 785,184 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Kitchener&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 575,847 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
}

export.canada_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.canada_cities,
}

export.france_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Paris&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 11,500,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 2,050,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyons&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lyon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Marseille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Marseilles&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marseille&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Bordeaux&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Toulouse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Nice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;},
	[&quot;Nantes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;},
	[&quot;Strasbourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;},
	[&quot;Rennes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;},
}

export.france_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.france_cities,
}

export.germany_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	-- listed under Rhein-Ruhr Area, total population 10,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cologne&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Köln&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cologne&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Dusseldorf&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Düsseldorf&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dortmund&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Essen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Duisberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {}, -- 4,700,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hesse&quot;}, -- 3,225,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt am Main&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Frankfurt&quot;}, -- not a display alias as it's longer
	[&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {}, -- 2,900,000
	[&quot;Munich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Stuttgart&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Mannheim&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 1,550,000
	[&quot;Nuremberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 1,120,000
	[&quot;Hanover&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Bielefeld&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Leipzig&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Aachen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,000,000
	[&quot;Aix-la-Chapelle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aachen&quot;}, -- historical; not a display alias
	[&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {},
}

export.germany_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เยอรมนี&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.germany_cities,
}

export.india_cities = {
	-- This lists the 65 metro areas per Demographia's 2023 estimates, as found in
	-- [[w:List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India]]. The last census in India (as of April 2025) was
	-- conducted in 2011, and the results are not accurate any more.
	[&quot;Delhi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 31,190,000
	[&quot;Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 25,189,000
	[&quot;Kolkata&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 21,747,000
	[&quot;Bangalore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Bengaluru&quot;}, -- 15,257,000
	[&quot;Bengaluru&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bangalore&quot;},
	[&quot;Chennai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 11,570,000
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Telangana&quot;}, -- 9,797,000
	[&quot;Ahmedabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 8,006,000
	[&quot;Pune&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 6,819,000
	[&quot;Surat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 6,601,000
	[&quot;Lucknow&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,661,000
	[&quot;Jaipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 4,360,000
	[&quot;Kanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,350,000
	[&quot;Indore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,765,000
	[&quot;Nagpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 3,493,000
	[&quot;Patna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bihar&quot;}, -- 3,331,000
	[&quot;Varanasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,229,000
	[&quot;Kozhikode&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 3,049,000
	[&quot;Thiruvananthapuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,851,000
	[&quot;Agra&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,737,000
	[&quot;Bhopal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,562,000
	[&quot;Coimbatore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,551,000
	[&quot;Allahabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;, wp = &quot;Prayagraj&quot;}, -- 2,438,000
	[&quot;Prayagraj&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Allahabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Kochi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,381,000
	[&quot;Ludhiana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,205,000
	[&quot;Vadodara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 2,182,000
	[&quot;Chandigarh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 2,168,000
	[&quot;Madurai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,048,000
	[&quot;Meerut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,011,000
	[&quot;Visakhapatnam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,005,000
	[&quot;Jamshedpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,925,000
	[&quot;Malappuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,868,000
	[&quot;Nashik&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,810,000
	[&quot;Asansol&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,720,000
	[&quot;Aligarh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,660,000
	[&quot;Ranchi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,638,000
	[&quot;Thrissur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,578,000
	[&quot;Kollam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,576,000
	[&quot;Jabalpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,533,000
	[&quot;Dhanbad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,503,000
	[&quot;Jodhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,497,000
	[&quot;Aurangabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,490,000
	[&quot;Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aurangabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 1,487,000
	[&quot;Gwalior&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,477,000
	[&quot;Raipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,429,000
	[&quot;Gorakhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,410,000
	[&quot;Kannur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Bareilly&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Guwahati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Assam&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Moradabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,345,000
	[&quot;Amritsar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,313,000
	[&quot;Mysore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;}, -- 1,296,000
	[&quot;Bhilai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,293,000
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Vijayawada&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,232,000
	[&quot;Srinagar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,212,000
	[&quot;Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,189,000
	[&quot;Kota&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,172,000
	[&quot;Jalandhar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,165,000
	[&quot;Saharanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,152,000
	[&quot;Dehradun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttarakhand&quot;}, -- 1,136,000
	[&quot;Tiruchirappalli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 1,131,000
	[&quot;Bhubaneswar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Odisha&quot;}, -- 1,112,000
	[&quot;Jammu&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,103,000
	[&quot;Solapur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,082,000
	[&quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Hubli–Dharwad&quot;}, -- 1,062,000; wp with en dash
	[&quot;Hubli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Dharwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Puducherry&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,024,000
	[&quot;Pondicherry&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry&quot;, display = true},
	-- satellite/secondary cities of metro area (none in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Ghaziabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,729,000 city, 2,358,525 urban agglomeration per 2011 census; 3,406,061 2025 estimate from official website; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Faridabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Haryana&quot;}, -- 1,414,050 city per 2011 census; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Thane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,841,488 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,246,381 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kalyan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,221,233 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Vasai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Virar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Navi Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,120,547 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Howrah&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,077,075 city (&quot;metropolis&quot;), 2,811,344 &quot;metro&quot; per 2011 census; part of Kolkata metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,727,692 per 2011 census; part of Pune metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri Chinchwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;, display = true},
}

export.india_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินเดีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.india_cities,
}

export.indonesia_cities = {
	-- cities where the city proper has more than 1,000,000 people as of mid-2023 estimate
	[&quot;Jakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;subdistricts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Surabaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Bekasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Bandung&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Medan&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Depok&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Palembang&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Semarang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Makassar&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sulawesi&quot;},
	[&quot;South Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Batam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;Bogor&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Pekanbaru&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau&quot;},
	[&quot;Bandar Lampung&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lampung&quot;},
	-- other metro areas over 1,000,000 people
	[&quot;Padang&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Samarinda&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Malang&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Denpasar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bali&quot;},
	[&quot;Cirebon&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Surakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Banjarmasin&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Tasikmalaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
}

export.indonesia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.indonesia_cities,
}

export.italy_cities = {
	-- Data per [[w:List_of_metropolitan_areas_of_Italy]]. There are several lists given; the most recent one, used
	-- here, only gives estimates as of Jan 1, 2014.
	[&quot;Milan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 6,623,798
	[&quot;Naples&quot;] = {container = &quot;Campania&quot;}, -- 5,294,546
	[&quot;Rome&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lazio&quot;}, -- 4,447,881
	[&quot;Turin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piedmont&quot;}, -- 1,865,284
	[&quot;Venice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Veneto&quot;}, -- 1,645,900
	[&quot;Florence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tuscany&quot;}, -- 1,485,030
	[&quot;Bari&quot;] = {container = &quot;Apulia&quot;}, -- 1,257,459
	[&quot;Palermo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 1,183,084
	-- include a few just below 1,000,000 metro area that may be above it by now (depending on the definition).
	[&quot;Catania&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 988,240
	[&quot;Brescia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 924,090
	[&quot;Genoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liguria&quot;}, -- 861,318
}

export.italy_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Italy&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.italy_cities,
}

export.japan_cities = {
	-- Population figures from [[w:List of cities in Japan]]. Metro areas from
	-- [[w:List of metropolitan areas in Japan]].
	[&quot;Tokyo&quot;] = {keydesc = &quot;[[Tokyo]] Metropolis, the [[capital city]] and a [[prefecture]] of [[Japan]] (which is a country in [[Asia]])&quot;,
		placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;},
		divs = {
			{type = &quot;special wards&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
			{type = &quot;cities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		},
	},
	[&quot;Yokohama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 3,697,894
	[&quot;Osaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 2,668,586
	[&quot;Nagoya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aichi&quot;}, -- 2,283,289
	-- FIXME, Hokkaido is handled specially.
	[&quot;Sapporo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hokkaido&quot;}, -- 1,918,096
	[&quot;Fukuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 1,581,527
	[&quot;Kobe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hyōgo&quot;}, -- 1,530,847
	[&quot;Kyoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyoto&quot;}, -- 1,474,570
	[&quot;Kawasaki&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 1,373,630
	[&quot;Saitama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saitama&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,192,418
	[&quot;Hiroshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hiroshima&quot;}, -- 1,163,806
	[&quot;Sendai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Miyagi&quot;}, -- 1,029,552
	-- the remaining cities are considered &quot;central cities&quot; in a 1,000,000+ metro area
	-- (sometimes there is more than one central city in the area).
	[&quot;Kitakyushu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 986,998
	[&quot;Chiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chiba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 938,695
	[&quot;Sakai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 835,333
	[&quot;Niigata&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niigata&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 813,053
	[&quot;Hamamatsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;}, -- 811,431
	[&quot;Shizuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 710,944
	[&quot;Sagamihara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 706,342
	[&quot;Okayama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Okayama&quot;}, -- 701,293
	[&quot;Kumamoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kumamoto&quot;}, -- 670,348
	[&quot;Kagoshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kagoshima&quot;}, -- 605,196
	-- skipped 6 cities (Funabashi, Hachiōji, Kawaguchi, Himeji, Matsuyama, Higashiōsaka)
	-- with population in the range 509k - 587k because not central cities in any
	-- 1,000,000+ metro area.
	[&quot;Utsunomiya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tochigi&quot;}, -- 507,833
}

export.japan_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.japan_cities,
}

export.mexico_cities = {
	[&quot;Mexico City&quot;] = {}, -- its own state
	[&quot;Monterrey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nuevo León&quot;},
	[&quot;Guadalajara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jalisco&quot;},
	[&quot;Puebla&quot;] = {container = &quot;Puebla&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Toluca&quot;] = {container = &quot;State of Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tijuana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
	-- Include the state in the category for León due to possible confusion with León, Spain.
	[&quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guanajuato&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;León&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;},
	[&quot;Leon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Querétaro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Queretaro&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chihuahua&quot;},
	[&quot;Juárez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Juarez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;, display = &quot;Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreón&quot;] = {container = &quot;Coahuila&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Torreón&quot;, display = true},
	-- Include the state in the category for Mérida due to possible confusion with Mérida, Spain or
	-- Mérida, Venezuela.
	[&quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yucatán&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mérida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;},
	[&quot;Merida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;] = {container = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aguascalientes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aguascalientes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Mexicali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
}

export.mexico_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Mexico&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_cities,
}

export.nigeria_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Lagos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lagos&quot;}, -- 21,300,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kano&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kano&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 5,350,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ibadan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oyo&quot;}, -- 3,400,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Abuja&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 3,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Port Harcourt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rivers&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kaduna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Benin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Edo&quot;}, -- 1,790,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Abia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Nigeria&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Onitsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anambra&quot;}, -- 1,230,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Maiduguri&quot;] = {container = &quot;Borno&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ilorin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kwara&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sokoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sokoto&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Jos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Plateau&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Zaria&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Enugu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Enugu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
}

export.nigeria_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; State, Nigeria&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_cities,
}

export.pakistan_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Karachi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;}, -- 21,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Lahore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 14,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Rawalpindi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Islamabad)
	[&quot;Islamabad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Rawalpindi)
	[&quot;Faisalabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 4,125,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gujranwala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	-- there is also Hyderabad in India (very confusing)
	[&quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Multan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,425,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Peshawar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quetta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Balochistan&quot;}, -- 1,720,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sargodha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sialkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.pakistan_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Pakistan&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_cities,
}

export.philippines_cities = {
	 -- Skipped some cities in Metro Manila (Taguig, Pasig) which don't have districts.
	 -- Other cities outside Metro Manila skipped as not central city in their urban area.
	[&quot;Quezon City&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Foo to Foo City as it may make the display weird.
	[&quot;Quezon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Quezon City&quot;},
	[&quot;Manila&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Davao City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Davao del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Davao&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Davao City&quot;},
	[&quot;Caloocan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zamboanga City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zamboanga del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Zamboanga&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zamboanga City&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cebu&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cebu City&quot;},
	[&quot;Antipolo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rizal&quot;},
	[&quot;Cagayan de Oro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Misamis Oriental&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmariñas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cavite&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmarinas&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dasmariñas&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;General Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Cotabato&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose del Monte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bulacan&quot;},
	[&quot;Bacolod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Negros Occidental&quot;},
	[&quot;Calamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Laguna&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pampanga&quot;, wp = &quot;Angeles City&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Angeles&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Iloilo&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Iloilo City&quot;},
}

export.philippines_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Philippines&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.philippines_cities,
}

export.russia_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Moscow&quot;] = {}, --  18,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saint Petersburg&quot;] = {}, -- 6,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Novosibirsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Novosibirsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,820,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Yekaterinburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kazan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rostov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-na-Donu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Krasnodar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Samara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Samara Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ufa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,230,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saratov&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saratov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Omsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Omsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Voronezh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Voronezh Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Volgograd&quot;] = {container = &quot;Volgograd Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Perm&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Russia&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.russia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Russia&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.russia_cities,
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities = {
	-- Figures for the first five from [[w:List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia]] as of 2022. Unclear if these are
	-- metro, urban or city proper figures.
	[&quot;Riyadh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riyadh&quot;}, -- 7,000,100; 7,700,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jeddah&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 3,751,917; 3,950,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jedda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jiddah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jidda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dammam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 2,638,166; 2,925,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mecca&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 2,385,509; 2,675,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Makkah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecca&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Medina&quot;}, -- 1,477,023; 1,530,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (City)
	[&quot;Hofuf&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aseer&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushayt&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;, display = true},
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_cities,
}

export.south_korea_cities = {
	-- All cities listed are not associated with any county.
	[&quot;Seoul&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Busan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Incheon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daegu&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daejeon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gwangju&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ulsan&quot;] = {},
}

export.south_korea_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; County, South Korea&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_cities,
}

export.spain_cities = {
	[&quot;Madrid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Community of Madrid&quot;},
	[&quot;Barcelona&quot;] = {container = &quot;Catalonia&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Valencia&quot;},
	[&quot;Seville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andalusia&quot;},
	[&quot;Bilbao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Basque Country&quot;},
}

export.spain_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Spain&quot;, &quot;autonomous community&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.spain_cities,
}

export.taiwan_cities = {
	[&quot;New Taipei City&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Taipei&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New Taipei City&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Taichung&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaohsiung&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, ไต้หวัน&quot;},
	[&quot;Taipei&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taoyuan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tainan&quot;] = {},
	-- these last three are not special municipalities
	[&quot;Chiayi&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Hsinchu&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Keelung&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
}

export.taiwan_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot; to make the key
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	default_divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_cities,
}

-- NOTE: It's OK to mix cities from different constituent countries; as long as the immediate container is correct,
-- everything else will be figured out.
export.united_kingdom_cities = {
	[&quot;London&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater London&quot;},
	[&quot;Manchester&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater Manchester&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Midlands&quot;},
	[&quot;Liverpool&quot;] = {container = &quot;Merseyside&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	[&quot;Leeds&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Yorkshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tyne and Wear&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;},
	[&quot;Bristol&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Cardiff&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portsmouth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hampshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	-- under 1,000,000 people but principal areas of Wales; requested by [[User:Donnanz]]
	[&quot;Swansea&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Newport&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}, wp = &quot;Newport, Wales&quot;},
}

export.united_kingdom_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, England&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.united_kingdom_cities,
}

export.united_states_cities = {
	-- top 50 CSA's by population, with the top and sometimes 2nd or 3rd city listed
	[&quot;New York City&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. in the context New York, New York).
	[&quot;New York&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New York City&quot;},
	[&quot;Newark&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Jersey&quot;},
	[&quot;Los Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Long Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Riverside&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Chicago&quot;] = {container = &quot;Illinois&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington D.C.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. if the holonym is followed by a District of
	-- Columbia holonym).
	[&quot;Washington&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;},
	[&quot;Baltimore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maryland&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose in Costa Rica
	[&quot;San Jose, California&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Jose, California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Francisco&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Oakland&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Boston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Massachusetts&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Providence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rhode Island&quot;},
	[&quot;Dallas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Fort Worth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Philadelphia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Houston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Miami&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Atlanta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Detroit&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Phoenix&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mesa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Seattle&quot;] = {container = &quot;Washington&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Orlando&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;Minneapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minnesota&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cleveland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Denver&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;San Diego&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Portland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oregon&quot;},
	[&quot;Tampa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;St. Louis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Saint Louis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;St. Louis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Charlotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Sacramento&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Pittsburgh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Salt Lake City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Utah&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;San Antonio&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Columbus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;},
	[&quot;Kansas City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l metropolitan area&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Indianapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Indiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Las Vegas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nevada&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cincinnati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Austin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Milwaukee&quot;] = {container = &quot;Wisconsin&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Raleigh&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Nashville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Virginia Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Norfolk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Greensboro&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Winston-Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Jacksonville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;New Orleans&quot;] = {container = &quot;Louisiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Louisville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kentucky&quot;},
	[&quot;Greenville&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Hartford&quot;] = {container = &quot;Connecticut&quot;},
	[&quot;Oklahoma City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Grand Rapids&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;},
	[&quot;Memphis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Fresno&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Richmond&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Harrisburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
	-- any major city of top 50 MSA's that's missed by previous
	[&quot;Buffalo&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;},
	-- any of the top 50 city by city population that's missed by previous
	[&quot;El Paso&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Albuquerque&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucson&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Colorado Springs&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;},
	[&quot;Omaha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nebraska&quot;},
	[&quot;Tulsa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;},
	-- skip Arlington, Texas; too obscure and likely to be interpreted as Arlington, Virginia
}

export.united_states_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, USA&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.united_states_cities,
}

export.new_york_boroughs = {
	[&quot;Bronx&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;The Bronx&quot;},
	[&quot;Brooklyn&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Manhattan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queens&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staten Island&quot;] = {},
}

export.new_york_boroughs_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;New York City&quot;, placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;borough&quot;,
	default_is_city = true,
	data = export.new_york_boroughs,
}

export.vietnam_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {}, -- 14,300,000 (Agglomeration; inclunding Bien Hoa)
	[&quot;Saigon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;},
	[&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {}, -- 7,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {}, -- 1,500,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Danang&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Da Nang&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Hai Phong&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Haiphong&quot;, display = true},
	-- This is the one entry in this list that is not a province-level municipality; instead it's a &quot;provincial city&quot;
	-- meaning it is directly under its province as opposed to being contained in a district.
	[&quot;Bien Hoa&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, container = &quot;Đồng Nai&quot;, wp = &quot;Biên Hòa&quot;}, -- 1,272,235 (2022 city population per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Biên Hòa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Biên Hoà&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	-- These two not in citypopulation.de because the urban population may be slightly under 1,000,000, but they are
	-- both province-level municipalities and close to the 1,000,000 mark.
	[&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- 1,456,000 municipality (2019 census), 994,704 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
	[&quot;Cần Thơ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Can Tho&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hue&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- 1,257,000 municipality (2019 census), 840,000 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); -- capital [[Thuận Hóa district]]
	[&quot;Huế&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hue&quot;, display = true},
}

export.vietnam_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Most of the cities listed are province-level municipalities in addition, which contain a certain amount of
	-- rural territory surrounding the city, but not enough to separate the municipality from the city as distinct
	-- known locations.
	default_placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_cities,
}

export.misc_cities = {
	------------------ Africa -------------------
	-- Sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated; combined with data from
	-- [[w:List of urban areas in Africa by population]].
	[&quot;Algiers&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 4,325,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Oran&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,640,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Luanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 9,650,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Benguela&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cotonou&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบนิน&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ouagadougou&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bobo-Dioulasso&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bujumbura&quot;] = {container = &quot;บุรุนดี&quot;}, -- 1,143,202 (Urban Area 2023 per PopulationStat, cited in Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Yaoundé&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (City)
	[&quot;Yaounde&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yaoundé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Douala&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangui&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;}, -- 1,680,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;N'Djamena&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชาด&quot;}, -- 1,950,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ndjamena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;N'Djamena&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kinshasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 16,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Lubumbashi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Mbuji-Mayi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,500,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kananga&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kisangani&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Bukavu&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Goma&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Tshikapa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,020,468 (2023 Wikipedia [[w:List of cities with over one million inhabitants]] from populationstat.com; not in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Cairo&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 22,800,000 (Agglomeration, including Giza and Subhra El Kheima)
	[&quot;Alexandria&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 6,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Giza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 4,458,135 (2023 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Shubra El Kheima&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 1,240,239 (2021 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Asmara&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;}, -- 1,090,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Asmera&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Asmara&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Addis Ababa&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;}, -- 4,825,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Banjul&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gambia&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Accra&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 6,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kumasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 2,900,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Conakry&quot;] = {container = &quot;กินี&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Abidjan&quot;] = {container = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;}, -- 7,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nairobi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 6,900,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Mombasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City)
	[&quot;Monrovia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liberia&quot;}, -- 1,940,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tripoli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Libya&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Antananarivo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madagascar&quot;}, -- 3,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lilongwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malawi&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bamako&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mali&quot;}, -- 5,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nouakchott&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mauritania&quot;}, -- 1,500,000 (City)
	[&quot;Casablanca&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 4,450,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rabat&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 2,125,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tangier&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,410,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tanger&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tangiers&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Morocco&quot;}, -- 1,310,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Fes&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fès&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Agadir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakesh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,140,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakech&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maputo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mozambique&quot;}, -- 2,575,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Niamey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niger&quot;}, -- 1,530,000 (City)
	[&quot;Brazzaville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Pointe-Noire&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kigali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rwanda&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Dakar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 4,225,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Touba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Freetown&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sierra Leone&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mogadishu&quot;] = {container = &quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Johannesburg&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 14,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Pretoria, Soweto, etc.)
	[&quot;Cape Town&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Durban&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Pretoria&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2,921,488 (2011 census)
	[&quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;Gqeberha&quot;}, -- 1,200,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gqeberha&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;}, -- official name; not a display alias
	[&quot;Khartoum&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sudan&quot;}, -- 7,200,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dar es Salaam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 6,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,340,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mwanza&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Arusha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zanzibar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lomé&quot;] = {container = &quot;Togo&quot;}, -- 2,625,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lomé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tunis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 2,725,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Sousse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Soussa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sousse&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kampala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uganda&quot;}, -- 4,300,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lusaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zambia&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Harare&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;}, -- 2,675,000 (Agglomeration)

	------------------ Asia -------------------
	-- sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Kabul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;}, -- 5,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Baku&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;}, -- 3,725,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Manama&quot;] = {container = &quot;บาห์เรน&quot;}, -- 1,560,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Dhaka&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 23,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dacca&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dhaka&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Chittagong&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gazipur&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 2,674,697 (City per 2022; countied in citypopulation.de as part of Dhaka metro area)
	[&quot;Khulna&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Phnom Penh&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัมพูชา&quot;}, -- 2,925,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Tehran&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 16,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Teheran&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tehran&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mashhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mashad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshhed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Isfahan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Esfahan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isfahan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabriz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,970,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shiraz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,950,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ahvaz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Qom&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,450,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kermanshah&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,130,000 (City)
	[&quot;Baghdad&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 7,800,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Basra&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Mosul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,550,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Erbil&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Kirkuk&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Najaf&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Tel Aviv&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิสราเอล&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Jerusalem is not recognized internationally as part of either Israel or Palestine, but as a
	-- [[w:corpus separatum]], so put the container as &quot;เอเชีย&quot; and list Israel and Palestine as additional parents for
	-- categorization purposes.
	[&quot;Jerusalem&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;, &quot;Palestine&quot;}}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Amman&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 6,150,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Irbid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Almaty&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 2,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Alma-Ata&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Almaty&quot;}, -- former name, sometimes still used; don't display-canonicalize
	[&quot;Astana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shymkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kuwait City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kuwait&quot;}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bishkek&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;}, -- 1,540,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Beirut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;}, -- 1,930,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	-- Kuala Lumpur is a federal capital city, not in any state
	[&quot;Kuala Lumpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;}, -- 9,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- there are various George Towns and Georgetowns
	[&quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;, placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,075,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;George Town&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mongolia&quot;}, -- 1,610,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ulan Bator&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Yangon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 5,650,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rangoon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yangon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mandalay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Kathmandu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nepal&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Pyongyang is a directly governed city, not in any province
	[&quot;Pyongyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Korea&quot;}, -- 3,025,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Muscat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oman&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Palestine&quot;, wp = &quot;Gaza City&quot;}, -- 2,275,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Gaza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gaza&quot;},
	[&quot;Doha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qatar&quot;}, -- 2,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Colombo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sri Lanka&quot;}, -- 4,975,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Damascus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aleppo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dushanbe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tajikistan&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangkok&quot;] = {container = &quot;Thailand&quot;}, -- 21,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Chiang Mai not in citypopulation.de, but 1,198,000 urban population in 2021 per Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List_of_municipalities_in_Thailand#Largest_cities_by_urban_population]]
	[&quot;Chiang Mai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chiang Mai Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Chonburi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chonburi Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,570,000 (Agglomeration; including Pattaya)

	-- metro area population stats from https://www.statista.com/statistics/255483/biggest-cities-in-turkey/ as of 2021;
	-- second source is citypopulation.de reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Istanbul&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, container = &quot;Turkey&quot;}, -- 15.2 million; 16,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İstanbul&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Istanbul&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ankara&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5.15 million; 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Izmir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;İzmir&quot;}, -- 2.95 million; 3,025,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İzmir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Izmir&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bursa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2.02 million; 2,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Adana&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.77 million; 1,780,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaziantep&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.71 million; 1,750,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Antalya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.3 million; 1,400,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Konya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.35 million; 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Diyarbakır&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.07 million; 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Diyarbakır is more common per Ngrams and Google Scholar, but Diyarbakir is the Kurdish form, so we should not
	-- display-canonicalize to the Turkish form Diyarbakır.
	[&quot;Diyarbakir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Diyarbakır&quot;},
	[&quot;Mersin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.03 million; 1,060,000 (Agglomeration)

	[&quot;Ashgabat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Turkmenistan&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dubai&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 6,050,000 (Agglomeration; including Sharjah)
	[&quot;Abu Dhabi&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,850,000 (City)
	[&quot;Sharjah&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Metro area 2022-2023 per Wikipedia; separate from Dubai)
	[&quot;Tashkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uzbekistan&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Sanaa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 3,275,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sana'a&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sanaa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aden&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 1,079,060 (?; 2023 estimate from World Population Review per Wikipedia)

	------------------ Europe or Europe-like (Caucasus etc.) ---------------------
	[&quot;Yerevan&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;}, -- 1,520,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Vienna&quot;] = {container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Minsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลารุส&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Brussels&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 2,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Antwerp&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sofia&quot;] = {container = &quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,260,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zagreb&quot;] = {container = &quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Prague&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 1,470,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brno&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 729,405 (metro area per Wikipedia as of 2024-01-01 Czech Statistical Office)
	[&quot;Olomouc&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 102,293 (city; included only because someone went crazy creating Olomouc-related terms)
	[&quot;Copenhagen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Helsinki&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tbilisi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Athens&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Thessaloniki&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Budapest&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮังการี&quot;},
	-- FIXME, per Wikipedia &quot;County Dublin&quot; is now the &quot;Dublin Region&quot;
	[&quot;Dublin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Riga&quot;] = {container = &quot;Latvia&quot;},
	[&quot;Amsterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Rotterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;The Hague&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	-- Christchurch (metro 546,600) and Wellington (metro 439,800) are too small to make it.
	[&quot;Auckland&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oslo&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Warsaw&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Katowice&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Krakow&quot; without accent.
	[&quot;Krakow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Kraków&quot;},
	[&quot;Kraków&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cracow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirm &quot;Gdańsk&quot; and &quot;Poznań&quot; with accent.
	[&quot;Gdańsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Gdansk&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gdańsk&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poznań&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poznan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Poznań&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Lodz&quot; without accents.
	[&quot;Lodz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Łódź&quot;},
	[&quot;Łódź&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lisbon&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Porto&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oporto&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Porto&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bucharest&quot;] = {container = &quot;Romania&quot;},
	[&quot;Belgrade&quot;] = {container = &quot;Serbia&quot;},
	[&quot;Stockholm&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sweden&quot;},
	[&quot;Zurich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Switzerland&quot;},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Zurich&quot; without umlaut.
	--- Even Wikipedia uses the form without umlaut.
	[&quot;Zürich&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zurich&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kyiv&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;}, -- not in Kyiv Oblast
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Kiev -&gt; Kyiv because in ancient contexts, Kiev is still more common.
	[&quot;Kiev&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv&quot;},
	[&quot;Kharkiv&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}},
	[&quot;Odessa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}, wp = &quot;Odesa&quot;},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Odesa -&gt; Odessa because it may be interpreted as a political statement.
	[&quot;Odesa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odessa&quot;},
	
	------------------ North America, South America ---------------------
	-- Primary figures from citypopulation.de retrieved on 2025-04-26 (reference date 2025-01-01);
	-- Wikipedia metropolitan figures from [[w:List of metropolitan areas in the Americas]] based on per-country data;
	-- Wikipedia city limits figures from [[w:List of largest cities in the Americas]].
	[&quot;Buenos Aires&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 16,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 13,985,794 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,505,25 city limits per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Córdoba in Spain
	[&quot;Córdoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;},
	[&quot;Cordoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;, display = &quot;Córdoba&quot;},
	[&quot;Rosario&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Santa Fe&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,348,725 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Mendoza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tucumán&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucuman&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;, display = &quot;Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Consolidated Urban Area); 1,606,671 (city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santa Cruz&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;},
	[&quot;La Paz&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; composed of El Alto, now slightly larger, and La Paz)
	[&quot;El Alto&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Cochabamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Santiago&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 8,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 6,903,479 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Valparaíso&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valparaiso&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valparaíso&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Bogotá&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 10,600,000 (Agglomeration; 12,772,828 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bogota&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bogotá&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medellín&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 4,350,000 (Agglomeration; 4,068,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Medellin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Medellín&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cali&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Agglomeration; 2,837,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Barranquilla&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration; 1,341,160 city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bucaramanga&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,380,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- to avoid confusion with Cartagena, Spain
	[&quot;Cartagena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;},
	[&quot;Cúcuta&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cucuta&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cúcuta&quot;, display = true},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose, California
	[&quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;] = {container = &quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,450,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San José&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;}, -- display = &quot;San José&quot;; causes error due to San Jose alias for California city; FIXME
	[&quot;Havana&quot;] = {container = &quot;คิวบา&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (City; 2,137,847 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santo Domingo&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (Municipality (urban population); 4,274,651 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Guayaquil&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 3,350,000 (Agglomeration; 3,092,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Quito&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (Agglomeration; 2,889,703 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 1,580,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Guatemala City&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;}, -- 3,375,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Port-au-Prince&quot;] = {container = &quot;เฮติ&quot;}, -- 3,050,000 (Agglomeration; population of low reliability; 2,915,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Pedro Sula&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,330,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tegucigalpa&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Managua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nicaragua&quot;}, -- 1,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Panama City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Panama&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Asunción&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraguay&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Lima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 12,000,000 (Agglomeration; 11,283,787 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Arequipa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;San Juan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puerto Rico&quot;, placetype = &quot;commonwealth&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,910,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Montevideo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uruguay&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration; 1,302,954 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Caracas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,243,301 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Maracaibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 2,825,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,278,448 ??? per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Valencia (city and autonomous community of Spain)
	[&quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;},
	[&quot;Maracay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Barquisimeto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,360,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.misc_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.misc_cities,
}

--[==[ var:
List of all known locations, in groups. The first group lists continents and continental regions, followed by three
groups listing top-level locations: countries, &quot;country-like entities&quot; (de-facto/unrecognized/etc. countries and
dependent territories) and former polities (countries, empires, etc.). After that come first-level subpolities
(administrative divisions) of several, mostly large, countries, followed by groups of cities. China and the United
Kingdom include second-level subpolities (in the case of China, only the largest ones as the full list runs in the
hundreds).
]==]
export.locations = {
	export.continents_group,
	export.countries_group,
	export.country_like_entities_group,
	export.former_countries_group,
	export.australia_group,
	export.austria_group,
	export.bangladesh_group,
	export.brazil_group,
	export.canada_group,
	export.china_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2,
	export.egypt_group,
	export.finland_group,
	export.france_group,
	export.france_departments_group,
	export.germany_group,
	export.greece_group,
	export.india_group,
	export.indonesia_group,
	export.iran_group,
	export.ireland_group,
	export.italy_group,
	export.japan_group,
	export.laos_group,
	export.lebanon_group,
	export.malaysia_group,
	export.malta_group,
	export.mexico_group,
	export.moldova_group,
	export.morocco_group,
	export.netherlands_group,
	export.new_zealand_group,
	export.nigeria_group,
	export.north_korea_group,
	export.norway_group,
	export.pakistan_group,
	export.philippines_group,
	export.poland_group,
	export.portugal_group,
	export.romania_group,
	export.russia_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_group,
	export.south_africa_group,
	export.south_korea_group,
	export.spain_group,
	export.taiwan_group,
	export.thailand_group,
	export.turkey_group,
	export.ukraine_group,
	export.united_kingdom_group,
	export.united_states_group,
	export.england_group,
	export.northern_ireland_group,
	export.scotland_group,
	export.wales_group,
	export.vietnam_group,
	export.australia_cities_group,
	export.brazil_cities_group,
	export.canada_cities_group,
	export.france_cities_group,
	export.germany_cities_group,
	export.india_cities_group,
	export.indonesia_cities_group,
	export.italy_cities_group,
	export.japan_cities_group,
	export.mexico_cities_group,
	export.nigeria_cities_group,
	export.pakistan_cities_group,
	export.philippines_cities_group,
	export.russia_cities_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_cities_group,
	export.south_korea_cities_group,
	export.spain_cities_group,
	export.taiwan_cities_group,
	export.united_kingdom_cities_group,
	export.united_states_cities_group,
	export.new_york_boroughs_group,
	export.vietnam_cities_group,
	export.misc_cities_group,
}

return export</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715284</id>
      <parentid>5715282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:26:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
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      <text bytes="349592" sha1="texemrzxg2kzsffkzqh3zbofi1qzn6x" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true to force category generation even on non-mainspace pages

local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local string_utilities_module = &quot;Module:string utilities&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local dump = mw.dumpObject
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

--[==[ intro:
This module contains data on all known locations, along with some lower-level code to process them (higher-level
known-location code is in [[Module:place/placetypes]]). You must load this module using require(), not using
mw.loadData().

===Location data===

'''NOTE: In order to understand the following better, first read the introductory documentation in [[Module:place]],
especially the section `More about known locations`.'''

The bulk of the code in this module (after some helper functions and placetype tables) describes the known locations
and their relationships. Locations are grouped into ''location groups'' that share some common properties (examples are
states of the United States and cities in Brazil). Each location group is associated with two tables, a ''data table''
that lists the locations and their individual properties, and a ''metadata table'' that lists group-level properties and
defaults for the location properties. Each metadata table points to the associated data table (i.e. contains the data
table as its `data` field), and the global `locations` variable holds a list of all group metadata tables. A given
location is generally described by three values: (a) the group metadata table for the group the location is part of; (b)
the location's canonical ''key'', which is the actual key in the group's data table and is globally unique across all
locations; and (c) the location's ''spec'', which is the initialized object describing the properties of the location
and comes from the value in the data table corresponding to the canonical key, transformed by the `initialize_spec()`
function. These are typically named `group`, `key` and `spec`, respectively and in that order, and are found in the
arguments to many functions.

In a per-group data table, the keys are either ''canonical keys'' describing locations (which, as mentioned above, must
be globally unique) or ''alias keys'' specifying an allowed alias for a given location. There may be multiple aliases
for a given location and the alias keys only need to be unique within a particular group data table, not across all
groups. It is also possible for the same string to serve as an alias key in one group and a canonical key in another
group. (For example, `Newcastle` appears as an alias key in two different groups, referring to two different locations,
canonically known as `Newcastle upon Tyne`, for the city in England, and `Newcastle, New South Wales`, for the city in
New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย; and `Birmingham` appears both as a canonical key in the group of English cities and an alias
key for canonical `Birmingham, Alabama` in the group of US cities.) The corresponding value objects are different for
canonical and alias keys. Corresponding to canonical keys are ''location specs'', describing the properies of the
location that cannot be derived from default properties of the group or global defaults. Corresponding to alias keys
are ''alias specs'', which are highly restricted in the properties they can contain, and whose properties do not have
per-group defaults, but only global defaults.

The canonical key is always the same as the bare category corresponding to the location, which is one of the reasons it
must be globally unique. For example, the country of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia` and corresponding bare
category [[:Category:Georgia]], while the US state of Georgia uses the canonical key `Georgia, USA` and corresponding
bare category [[:Category:Georgia, USA]]. The following conventions are followed in naming keys:
* Countries, ''country-like entities'' (which are a mixture of unrecognized de-facto states and dependent territories)
  and ''former countries'' (which also includes other types of polities, such as the Roman Empire) use their unqualified
  placename as the canonical key. (See the documentation for [[Module:place]] for the distinction between keys and
  placenames, which is critical to understand when working with location data.) This also applies to constituent
  countries (such as England, Aruba and the Faroe Islands) and constituent parts of grouped dependent territories (such
  as the island of Saint Helena, which is administratively part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena,
  Ascension and Tristan da Cunha).
* Cities (including prefecture-level cities in China, which behave in most respects more like non-city administrative
  divisions) also normally use their unqualified placename as the canonical key, but if this causes name conflicts or
  ambiguities, they use a ''qualified key'' containing either the country name or immediate containing division (if
  different) following a comma, such as the case of `Newcastle, New South Wales` and `Birmingham, Alabama` above.
  Examples of name conflicts are the two cities just given; examples of ambiguities are the major cities of León and
  Mérida in Mexico and city of Cartagena, Colombia, which are given the respective canonical keys of `León, Guanajuato`,
  `Mérida, Yucatán` and `Cartagena, Colombia` to avoid ambiguity with the well-known respective cities of the same name
  in Spain, even though none of those cities are large enough to be included as known locations in this module. (The
  cutoff is generally having a metro area of at least 1,000,000 inhabitants, although there are exceptions.)
* Administrative divisions of countries, other than the exceptions noted above for constituent countries and dependent
  territories, use a qualified key that contains the name of the country or constituent country in it, e.g.
  `Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส` (a region), `Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส` (a department in the region of Normandy), `Herefordshire, England`
  (a ceremonial county), `Northwest Territories, Canada` (a territory), `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์` (a region),
  `Antalya Province, Turkey` (a province), `Cluj County, Romania` (a county), `County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์` (a county) and
  `New York, USA` (a state). As shown in these various examples, (a) first and second-level divisions are sometimes both
  included (as in France, the United Kingdom and China); (b) the qualifier after the comma is sometimes a constituent
  country (England) instead of a country (United Kingdom), and is sometimes abbreviated (USA rather than United States
  or Unites States of America); (c) the word `the` is not normally included in the key even if the location is normally
  preceded by `the` when following a preposition (there is a property in the location and alias specs to indicate this),
  except in a very few cases (most notably `The Hague`); (d) the country is included as a qualifier even if it creates
  an apparent redundancy, as with `Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์`; and (e) sometimes the placetype is included in the key, as
  with provinces in Turkey and several other countries; states in Nigeria; and counties in Ireland, Romania and several
  other countries. Whether the placetype is included, and whether it follows or precedes the placename, depends on
  per-country conventions. For example, provinces in Turkey, อิหร่าน and several other countries (likewise for states in
  Nigeria, oblasts in Russia, etc.) conventionally include the word &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot; etc. in their name
  because they are normally named after the largest city in the division, which would otherwise lead to ambiguity; and
  counties in Ireland and Northern Ireland (and likewise County Durham, England) normally have the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;
  preceding rather than following them in their conventional name, so we follow this practice. The Wikipedia article
  naming scheme for a given administrative division is a strong clue as to how the division is normally referred to,
  and we usually follow this practice. (A minor exception is that the Wikipedia articles for provinces in Iran, Laos and
  Thailand include the word `province` with an initial lowercase letter while provinces elsewhere, e.g. North and South
  Korea, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, use uppercase `Province`; we normalize to uppercase `Province` in all cases.)

As mentioned above, associated with canonical keys in the group data table are location specs, which are objects
containing properties. It is important here to distinguish ''initialized specs'' from ''uninitialized specs''.
Unininitialized specs are as directly specified in [[Module:place/locations]], containing only those properties that
differ from the per-group or global defaults. Initialized specs result from calling `initialize_spec()` on an
uninitialized spec (it is idempotent in that it will do nothing if encountering an already-initialized spec). This
copies all group-level defaults that are not overridden in the location spec itself from the group-level metadata table
into the location spec, so that in general, no more reference need be made to the group to fetch the correct value of a
given location property. (The initialization process also does more transformations in a few cases, noted below.) Note
that the default value of a given property is stored under a key in the group metadata table that is preceded by the
string `default_`; for example, the default value corresponding to the `placetype` property of a given location is
specified in the `default_placetype` key in the group metadata table.

The following are the properties of the location spec.
* `placetype`: String specifying the placetype of the location (e.g. &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, province&quot;). This can also be a
  table of such types; in this case, the first listed type is the canonical type that will be used in descriptions, but
  the location will be recognized (e.g. in a holonym, or for categorizing into the bare category) when tagged with any
  of the specified types. The placetype '''must''' be either specified on an individual location or defaulted at the
  group level, or an error occurs.
* `container`: Either a string, a ''canonicalized container'' structure or a list of either type, specifying the
  immediate ''container'' (or containers) of the given location. A container is another location which this location is
  considered to be directly part of, either politically or (above the country level) geographically. Some locations
  belong to multiple immediate containers; this applies especially to transcontinental countries such as Russia and
  Turkey. Containers can themselves have containers, forming a tree (or more correctly, a [[w:directed acyclic graph]])
  of locations. The list of immediate container(s), followed by the container(s) of the container(s), etc., is termed
  the ''container trail'', and some functions compute and return this trail as part of their operation. When a location
  spec is initialized, the given container spec is canonicalized into ''canonical container form'', which consists of a
  list of canonicalized container structures, each of which is of the form
  `{key = &quot;``container_key``&quot;, placetype = &quot;``container_placetype``&quot;}`, where ``container_key`` is a canonical location
  key and ``container_placetype`` should be the listed placetype for the location, or the first listed placetype if
  there are multiple. (FIXME: Since the key uniquely identifies the container location, we should eliminate the
  placetype from the container structure.) The list of canonicalized container structures is stored into the
  `.containers` field of the location spec (this happens even if the container value is unset in its uninitialized spec
  form, causing it to default to the corresponding group-level value), and the `.container` field is set to {nil}. The
  canonicalization process is described in more detail below under [[#Container spec canonicalization]].
* `divs`: List of recognized political divisions; e.g. for the Netherlands, a specification of the form
  `divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}` will allow categories such as [[:Category:de:Provinces of the Netherlands]]
  and [[:Category:pt:Municipalities of the Netherlands]] to be created. Any division that appears here must also be
  found in `placetype_data`, or an error occurs. The entities appearing in the `divs` list can be structures as well as
  just strings; this is explained more below under [[#Location divisions]]. Additional political divisions that apply to
  all locations in a group can be specified at the group level using the group-only property `addl_divs`, which has the
  same format as `divs`. This is intended to be used in the situation where some division types are shared among all
  locations in the group and others differ from location to location. An example where this is used is the United
  States, where `census-designated places` is specified in the group-level `addl_divs` so that all 50 states have
  census-designated places categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Census-designated places in Arizona, USA]], but `counties`
  and `county seats` are specified in the group-level `default_divs` because not all states have counties and county
  seats (Alaska has boroughs and borough seats and Louisiana has parishes and parish seats), and some states have
  additional divisions (New Jersey and Pennsylvania also have boroughs, while Colorado and Connecticut have
  municipalities). Note that under most circumstances (particularly, if `container_parent_type` is not set as a property
  associated with the division type), any division type specified on a sub-country-level location must also be specified
  on all containers up through the country. For example, since French departments specify `communes` and
  `municipalities` in `default_divs`, the same division types must be (and are) specified on French regions and for
  France itself.
* `keydesc`: String directly specifying a description of the location, for use in generating the contents of category
  pages related to the location. In place of a string, a function of three arguments (`group`, `key`, `spec`, as is
  normal for locations) that computes the location description can also be given. This is used, for example, for
  Russian federal subjects; see `construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc`. The special string `+++` contained in the
  keydesc is replaced with the default value of the location description, which specifies the location's placename,
  placetype, and the corresponding values for each container in the container trail, generally up through (but not
  beyond) the country level; see `no_include_container_in_desc` below. The location description is used to construct
  the full description of various categories, such as bare location categories, whose description generally reads
  `&quot;{{(((}}langname}}} terms related to the people, culture, or territory of ``keydesc``.&quot;` where ``keydesc`` is the
  specified or auto-constructed location description.
* `fulldesc`: String overriding the full description for the bare location category (but not for any other category).
  This is currently used only for the location `Earth`, at the very top of the tree (because the standard
  `people, culture or territory of ...` text doesn't make sense here), and for `Antarctica` (because it has no permanent
  inhabitants). FIXME: This should be renamed `bare_category_fulldesc`.
* `addl_parents`: Specify additional parents for the bare location category, in addition to the category or categories
  generated based on the immediate container(s). For example, `Hawaii, USA` specifies `Polynesia` as an additional
  parent category; both `North Korea` and `South Korea` specify `Korea` (which is a specially handled location category)
  as an additional parent; and `Earth` specifies `nature` (not a location category, but still a topic category) as an
  additional parent (which in this case becomes the first parent, as `Earth` has no container). The only restriction on
  the categories in `addl_parents` is that they must be topic categories, because each language-specific version of the
  bare location category gets the corresponding language-specific versions of the categories in `addl_parents`. FIXME:
  This shoudl be renamed `bare_category_addl_parents`.
* `wp`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia article for the location. Each spec is either `true` (equivalent
  to `&quot;%l&quot;`, i.e. use the full location placename directly) or a string containing formatting directives, indicating how
  to construct the article name. The allowed formatting directives are `%l` (the full location placename), `%e` (the
  elliptical location placename) and `%c` (the full placename of the first immediate container). For example, the
  default value of `wp` for the group of United States cities is `&quot;%l, %c&quot;` since the city articles tend to be named
  e.g. `Austin, Texas` (but with many exceptions, specified using `wp` fields at the city level). Another example is
  Thai provinces, which specify a group-level default of `&quot;%e province&quot;` as the Wikipedia articles have lowercase
  `province` in their name but the Thai province keys specified in this module have uppercase `Province`. Here we have
  to use `%e` to get the placename without the word `Province` in it. The default is `true`, which simply uses the full
  location placename as the article name. Note that the Wikipedia article, along with the Wikipedia and Commons category
  pages, are shown in the upper right of bare category pages.
* `wpcat`: Spec describing how to construct the Wikipedia category page for the location (i.e. the page listing articles
  and categories relevant to the location). The format is the same as with `wp`, and it defaults to the value of `wp`.
  It rarely needs to be specified because the category page and the article page almost always follow the same format.
* `commonscat`: Spec describing how to construct the Commons category page for the location (i.e. the page on the
  MediaWiki Commons site listing articles and categories relevant to the location). It has the same format as `wp` and
  `wpcat` and defaults to `wpcat`, which is usually (but not always) correct.
* `the`: Boolean specifying whether a location should be preceded by `the` when following a preposition, e.g. in
  category names such as [[:Category:Cities in the Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย]] and in old-style place descriptions
  when the location occurs as the first holonym, such as the city [[Darwin]] described using
  {{tl|place|city|terr/Northern Territory|c/Australia}}. Note that the global default for this and all Boolean
  properties is {nil}, which amounts to the same as {false}.
* `british_spelling`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question uses British spelling. Currently this only
  affects whether the spelling `neighborhoods` or `neighbourhoods` is used in categories such as
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of New York City]] and [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Sydney]]. This usually needs to be set
  only at the top level (i.e. country or country-like entity), because lower-level entities look up the container trail
  for any container that has `british_spelling = true` set, and if found, assume that British spelling applies. The
  general principle used in setting this is that all countries in Europe, all dependent territories of any such country,
  all former British colonies, and any dependent territories of these former colonies, are assumed to use British
  spelling, while all other countries and associated dependent territories are assumed to use American spelling. This
  can potentially be modified on a case-by-case basis.
* `is_city`: Boolean indicating whether the location in question is a city. This is explicitly set to `true` for
  city-states (e.g. Monaco and Vatican City), dependent territories that are cities (e.g. Hong Kong, Macau, Bonaire,
  Gibraltar, etc.), certain city-level administrative divisions (such as `City of Belfast, Northern Ireland`) and
  (through a group-levell setting) New York boroughs. In addition, it is set to `true` in initialize_spec() whenever
  the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, so that all cities get it set without explicitly needing to add a
  group-level setting for this. Note that the condition `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` intentionally excludes Chinese
  prefecture-level cities, which aren't really cities in that (for example) they don't directly contain neighborhoods,
  but do contain cities within them. This setting is used in various places: (a) to add cities, rivers, etc. to
  categories like [[:Category:Rivers in Osaka, ญี่ปุ่น]] and [[:Category:Cities in Wuhan]] for holonyms that
  are ''not'' cities; (b) to add districts, neighborhoods, and the like to categories like
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Brooklyn]] and [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Monaco]] for holoynms that ''are'' cities;
  (c) generally, to determine which &quot;generic&quot; placetypes (cities, rivers, neighborhoods, etc.) apply to the location.
  (Those that can occur with cities have a `generic_before_cities` setting in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and those
  that can occur with non-cities have a `generic_before_non_cities` setting.)
* `is_former_place`: Boolean that should be set on former places such as the Soviet Union and the Roman Empire. For such
  places, categories such as [[:Category:fr:Rivers in the Soviet Union]] are neither generated nor recognized (more
  generally, no &quot;generic&quot; placetypes apply except for `places`), and category descriptions include the word `former`.
* `overriding_bare_label_parents`: Document me!
* `bare_category_parent_type`: Document me!
* `no_container_cat`: Document me!
* `no_container_parent`: Document me!
* `no_generic_place_cat`: Document me!
* `no_check_holonym_mismatch`: Document me!
* `no_auto_augment_container`: Document me!
* `no_include_container_in_desc`: Document me!

====Location divisions====

The `divs` field of a location describes the recognized political division types of that location. Specifying a given
division type will cause places defined as being of the specified division type and with the location as a holonym will
cause the place to be categorized as ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` `; for example, specifying that the United
States has `&quot;รัฐ&quot;` as a division will cause anything defined as {{tl|place|fr|state|c/US}} to be categorized under
[[:Category:fr:States of the United States]]. Note that you do not have to explicitly specify division types for
&quot;generic&quot; placetypes (those that have a `generic_before_non_cities` field if the location is not a city, or that have a
`generic_before_cities` field if the location is a city); this includes things like cities, towns, villages,
neighbo(u)rhoods and rivers. A given element in the `divs` list is usually a string naming a plural placetype; the
placetype is automatically converted to the singular for recognizing the placetype in a {{tl|place}} spec, and irregular
plurals such as `kibbutzim` are handled correctly as long as the placetype specifies an appropriate `plural` field
(if the `plural` isn't explicitly given, the default singularization algorithm in [[Module:en-utilities]] is run, which
gets most things correctly but has problems with `passes` and `fortresses`, which are singularized to `passe` and
`fortresse`; for this reason, an explicit plural entry is added to terms in ''-ss''). In place of a string, an object
can be given with the plural placetype in the `type` field; this allows additional properties to be specified along with
the placetype. An example of this is the `divs` list for Canada:

{
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}, ...},
}

Here, both provinces and territories are set to categorize as `provinces and territories`, meaning that there is a
single category [[:Category:Provinces and territories of Canada]] rather than separate categories for provinces and
territories. Similar things are done for other countries that have more than one type of first-level administrative
division (e.g. Australia, จีน, อินเดีย and Pakistan). Note that any placetype listed under `cat_as` must exist in the
table of placetypes in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and in fact there is a category-only entry there for `provinces and
territories!` (the use of exclamation point following a plural placetype means that the placetype is present only for
use in categories and won't be recognized as the placetype field in a {{tl|place}} description). In addition, townships
are declared to use `in` rather than `of` as the preposition in the category; hence the category name will be
[[:Category:Townships in Canada]] rather than [[:Category:Townships of Canada]]. (The use of `in` vs. `of` is somewhat
related to whether a given placetype is an official administrative or statistical division of the location in question
and comes in a defined list, in which case `of` should be used, or is more ill-defined, in which case `in` should be
used; the default is `of`, and the use of `in` with `townships` is probably by analogy with the use of `in` with cities
and towns.)

Another more complex example is the divisions given for Quebec:

{
	[&quot;Quebec, Canada&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}, ...},
}

Here, `container_parent_type` controls the second parent category of the placetype/location category associated with the
entry. In this case, for example, [[:Category:Counties of Quebec, Canada]] will have [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] as
its second or ''container-level'' parent. However, this doesn't make sense for `regional county municipalities`, which
exist only in Quebec (so the parent category [[:Category:Regional county municipalities of Canada]] would have only one
subcategory); but they are similar to regional municipalities in British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Ontario, so the
`container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;` spec causes the container-level parent of this category to be
[[:Category:Regional municipalities of Canada]]. Likewise, `regions` as administrative divisions (as opposed to mere
geographic regions) exist only in Quebec; they have no equivalent elsewhere, so we disable the container-level parent
using `container_parent_type = false`. The specs for `parish municipalities`, `township municipalities` and
`village municipalities` show both that multiple types can be specified under `cat_as` (here, for example, we categorize
`parish municipalities` as both `parishes` and `municipalities`) and that these types can themselves have properties,
just as for entries directly under `divs`. Specifically, `{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}`
means that any place defined as a parish municipality in Quebec will be categorized under both [[:Category:Parishes of
Quebec, Canada]] and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]], and that the former will have a container-level
parent of [[:Category:Counties of Canada]] (rather than the default of [[:Category:Parishes of Canada]]). Similarly,
`township municipalities` will be categorized under both [[:Category:Townships in Quebec, Canada]] (''not''
[[:Category:Townships of Quebec, Canada]]) and [[:Category:Municipalities of Quebec, Canada]].

====Container spec canonicalization====

A fully canonicalized container spec for a given location consists of a list of ''canonicalized container objects'',
each with a `key` and `placetype` field. The `key` field should name the canonical key of some other location at a
higher level (e.g. French cities are contained in French departments, which are contained in French regions, which are
contained in France, which is contained in Europe, which is contained in Eurasia, which is contained in the Earth). The
`placetype` field should correspond to the first (canonical) placetype listed for the key in question. The process of
initializing a locaion spec converts the container spec in `.container` into a canonicalized spec in `.containers` and
removes the spec from `.container`. It works as follows:
# If the `container` field is missing, and there is a group-level `default_container` field, it is used in its place.
  For example, none of the Brazilian states listed in `brazil_states` specifies a container, but the group specifies
  `default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;`.
# A single string or canonicalized container object is allowed and made into a one-element list.
# If a list element is a string that did ''not'' come from `default_container`, and there is a group-level
  `canonicalize_key_container` field, it is assumed to be a one-argument function and is called on the string to get
  a canonicalized container object.
# Any remaining strings are assumed to be countries and are used directly as the `key`, with `placetype` set to
  `&quot;ประเทศ&quot;`.

====Alias keys====

Aliases can be provided for canonical keys using ''alias keys''. Alias keys have a very different location spec
structure from canonical keys. This structure does not, in general, have defaults at the group level and is not
initialized using `initialize_spec()`, but is used as-is. The following properties are recognized in an alias location
spec:
* `alias_of`: The canonical key of which this key is an alias. Required.
* `the`: If true, this alias key is preceded by `the` following a preposition. Defaults to the group-level `default_the`
    but does not pay attention to the value of `the` for the corresponding canonical key.
* `display`: This is a display alias, meaning that holonyms using the placename corresponding to this alias will be
    converted to the placename corresponding to the canonical key when formatting the holonym for display. (Otherwise,
    the aliasing applies only to categorization.) If the value is true, the display canonicalization is to the placename
    of the canonical key; otherwise, the value should be a key whose corresponding placename is used when display
    canonicalizing.
* `placetype`: The placetype of the alias. Rarely needs to be specified as it defaults to the canonical key's placetype,
    and if that is unspecified, to the group-level default placetype.

====Location group metadata tables====

As mentioned above, associated with each location group is a ''metadata table'' listing group-level properties. The
metadata table contains two types of keys: group-level defaults (named like the corresponding location-level keys but
preceded by `default_`, e.g. `default_placetype` corresponding to the location-level `placetype` key) and group-only
keys, which are mostly functions. The following are the possible group-only keys:
* `data`: This points to the group data table for the group, as described above.
* `key_to_placename`: This is a function of one argument to transform the location's key (whether canonical or alias)
  into the full and elliptical placenames. The difference between full and elliptical placenames is described in the
  documentation for [[Module:place]], but in essence, it applies for keys that include the placetype in them (e.g.
  `Phuket Province, Thailand` or `County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์`), in which case the full placename includes the placetype and
  the elliptical placename does not. For keys that do not include the placetype in them (e.g. `Arizona, USA` or
  `Gloucestershire, England`), the full and elliptical placenames are identical. Note that neither the full nor the
  elliptical placename includes the container in it; hence, for `Phuket Province, Thailand`, the full placename is
  `Phuket Province` and the elliptical placename is just `Phuket`. (Note that the full vs. elliptical placename
  distinction is intended only for handling cases where the placetype follows or precedes the raw placename and there
  is no difference between the two in whether they are normally preceded by `the`. More complex situations, such as
  `State of Mexico` (which normally takes `the`) vs. just `Mexico` (which doesn't), or `Islamabad Capital Territory` vs.
  just `Islamabad`, should be handled instead by aliases.) The `key_to_placename` function takes one argument, the key,
  and returns two arguments, the full and elliptical placenames, respectively. If left undefined, the default is to
  chop off anything starting with a comma and return the result as both full and elliptical placename, and if
  specifically set to `false`, the key is used directly as both full and elliptical placename. If it needs to be
  defined, it is best to use the helper function `make_key_to_placename`, if possible (or
  `make_irish_type_key_to_placename` in the case of Ireland and Northern Ireland, where `County` precedes), rather than
  rolling your own. In addition, you should use the global `key_to_placename` function (which takes care of the default
  implementation and such) rather than directly calling the function in the `key_to_placename` field.
* `placename_to_key`: This is approximately the inverse of `key_to_placename`, transforming a placename (which can be
  either in full or elliptical form) into the corresponding key. As with `key_to_placename`, if you need to define this
  (generally, when the full and elliptical placenames are different), prefer using `make_placename_to_key` (or
  `make_irish_type_placename_to_key` for Ireland and Northern Ireland) to rolling your own. In addition, similarly to
  `key_to_placename`, use the global `placename_to_key` function to convert placenames to keys rather than directly
  invoking the function in the `placename_to_key` field. If the field is set to `false`, the placename is used unchanged
  as the key. Otherwise, the default algorithm works as follows:
*# If the group-level `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;`, use the placename unchanged as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` exists and is a string, append it to the placename after a comma +
   space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, if the group-level `default_container` is a canonical container object (an object with `key` and
   `placetype` fields), and the `placetype` field is either `country` or `constituent country`, append the `key` field
   to the placename after a comma + space and use the result as the key.
*# Otherwise, use the placename unchanged as the key.
* `canonicalize_key_container`: A function of one argument to convert the specified `container` field, when a string,
  to canonical form. Described in more detail above under [[#Container spec canonicalization]]. It is preferable to
  construct the function using `make_canonicalize_key_container`, if possible, rather than rolling your own.
* `addl_divs`: Additional political divisions appended, for all locations in the group, to the list of divisions derived
  from the location-level `divs` or group-level `default_divs` fields to get the final list of divisions for the
  location. See [[#Location divisions]] for more details.
]==]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Helper functions                                 --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[
Throw an error. `fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to
format the format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called. In general, callers should use `internal_error` unless the
error was due to bad user input rather than a logic error (which usually isn't the case in deep back-end code like
this).
]==]
function export.process_error(fmt, ...)
	local args = {...}
	for i = 1, select(&quot;#&quot;, ...) do
		args[i] = dump(args[i])
	end
	return error(string.format(fmt, unpack(args)))
end

--[==[
Throw an internal error (a logic error that should never happen unless there is a bug in the code, as opposed to a user
error triggered by bad input or a system error due to something like running out of memory or hitting a time limit).
`fmt` is a format string and the remaining arguments are passed through `mw.dumpObject` and then used to format the
format string as if `fmt:format(...)` were called.
]==]
function export.internal_error(fmt, ...)
	export.process_error(&quot;Internal error: &quot; .. fmt, ...)
end

local internal_error = export.internal_error

-- Return whether `list_or_element` (a list of strings, or a single string) &quot;contains&quot; `item` (a string). If
-- `list_or_element` is a list, this returns true if `item` is in the list; otherwise it returns true if `item`
-- equals `list_or_element`.
local function list_or_element_contains(list_or_element, item)
	if type(list_or_element) == &quot;table&quot; then
		return m_table.contains(list_or_element, item) and true or false
	end
	return list_or_element == item
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `key_to_placename` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames). Two values are returned, the full and elliptical placenames (e.g. full
`&quot;County Durham&quot;` vs. elliptical `&quot;Durham&quot;`). If the group does not define `key_to_placename`, both full and elliptical
placenames are computed by chopping off anything starting with a comma.
]==]
function export.key_to_placename(group, key)
	if group.key_to_placename == false then
		return key, key
	end
	if group.key_to_placename then
		local full_placename, elliptical_placename = group.key_to_placename(key)
		if type(full_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string full placename: %s&quot;, key, full_placename)
		end
		if type(elliptical_placename) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s returned a non-string elliptical placename: %s&quot;, key, elliptical_placename)
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	return key, key
end

--[==[
Call the location group's `placename_to_key` function if it exists (see the comment at the top of [[Module:place]] for
the distinction between keys and placenames) and return the result. If `placename_to_key` exists with the value `false`,
return the placename unchanged. If the group does not define `placename_to_key`, and it defines a `default_container`
whose placetype is either `country` or `constituent country`, the container name is appended to the placename after a
comma and a space. Otherwise the placename is returned unchanged.
]==]
function export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	if group.placename_to_key == false then
		return placename
	elseif group.placename_to_key then
		local key = group.placename_to_key(placename)
		if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
			internal_error(&quot;Placename %s returned a non-string key: %s&quot;, placename, key)
		end
		return key
	elseif group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot; then
		return placename
	else
		local defcon = group.default_container
		if not defcon then
			return placename
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon
		elseif type(defcon) == &quot;table&quot; and (defcon.placetype == &quot;ประเทศ&quot; or
				defcon.placetype == &quot;constituent country&quot;) then
			return placename .. &quot;, &quot; .. defcon.key
		else
			return placename
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Initialize the location spec `spec`, augmenting it with default values taken from `group` if the spec itself doesn't
specify values for the properties. This sets `containers` to a canonicalized list of objects, each with `key` and
`placetype` keys, describing the immediate containers of the location, and erases (sets to nil) the original
non-canonicalized `container` field. (Most locations have only one immediate container but some, e.g. Russia, have more
than one. Containers should be carefully distinguished from category parents. Generally the container is the first
category parent, or the first ``n`` parents if there are ``n`` containers, but there may be additional category parents,
which indicate some sort of relation between the category parent and the location but not necessarily one of
containment.)

This function is idempotent in that nothing happens if called more than once on the same spec.

FIXME: Consider reimplementing this in a more standardly object-oriented way using metatables.
]==]
function export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	if spec.initialized then
		return
	end
	local container = spec.container
	local containers
	local container_from_default
	if not container then
		container = group.default_container
		container_from_default = true
	end
	if container then
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; or container.key then
			container = {container}
		end
		containers = {}
		for _, cont in ipairs(container) do
			if type(cont) == &quot;string&quot; then
				if group.canonicalize_key_container and not container_from_default then
					cont = group.canonicalize_key_container(cont)
				else
					cont = {key = cont, placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}
				end
			end
			insert(containers, cont)
		end
	end
	spec.containers = containers
	spec.container = nil
	local function value_with_default(val, default_val)
		if val == nil then
			return default_val
		else
			return val
		end
	end
	local function set_or_default(prop)
		spec[prop] = value_with_default(spec[prop], group[&quot;default_&quot; .. prop])
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;placetype&quot;)
	if not spec.placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found in key %s for spec %s or in group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	set_or_default(&quot;divs&quot;)
	spec.addl_divs = group.addl_divs
	for _, prop in ipairs {
		&quot;keydesc&quot;,
		&quot;fulldesc&quot;,
		&quot;addl_parents&quot;,
		&quot;overriding_bare_label_parents&quot;,
		&quot;bare_category_parent_type&quot;,
		&quot;wp&quot;,
		&quot;wpcat&quot;,
		&quot;commonscat&quot;,
		&quot;british_spelling&quot;,
		&quot;the&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_container_parent&quot;,
		&quot;no_generic_place_cat&quot;,
		&quot;no_check_holonym_mismatch&quot;,
		&quot;no_auto_augment_container&quot;,
		&quot;no_include_container_in_desc&quot;,
		&quot;is_city&quot;,
		&quot;is_former_place&quot;,
	} do
		set_or_default(prop)
	end
	-- `default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;` is correct; if `default_placetype` has something else like `prefecture-level city`
	-- as the canonical placetype but also lists `city` (as Chinese prefecture-level cities do), don't mark as
	-- is_city.
	spec.is_city = value_with_default(spec.is_city, group.default_placetype == &quot;city&quot;)
	spec.initialized = true
end

--[=[
Given a location group, key and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the key exists in the group
with at least one of the group's key's placetypes matching one of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values:
the group key (which potentially could differ from the passed-in key due to aliases) and the corresponding spec object,
which (as with all functions that return spec objects) has been initialized using `initialize_spec()` (i.e. default
property values have been copied from the group into the spec, if the spec doesn't itself specify a value for the
property in question).

`alias_resolution` controls how aliases are resolved. Normally, both display and category aliases are followed, and
the returned key will reflect the canonical location key. However, if `alias_resolution` is {&quot;none&quot;}, no alias following
happens. In that case, if the key specifies an alias, the spec for the alias rather than the spec for the canonical
location is returned, and importantly, it is returned uninitialized, meaning that properties from the group are not
copied into the spec. (If the key specifies a canonical location, its spec is returned initialized, as in the normal
case where `alias_resolution` is unspecified.) The caller needs to check whether the returned spec is an alias by
looking for an `alias_of` property. If `alias_resolution` is {&quot;display&quot;}, the behavior is the same as for {&quot;none&quot;}
except that if the alias contains a setting `display = true`, the returned key will reflect the canonical location key,
and if the alias contains a setting `display = ``string`` `, the returned key will reflect that string.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
	if alias_resolution ~= nil and alias_resolution ~= &quot;none&quot; and alias_resolution ~= &quot;display&quot; and
		alias_resolution ~= &quot;all&quot; then
		internal_error(&quot;Bad value for 'alias_resolution': %s&quot;, alias_resolution)
	end
	local spec = group.data[key]
	if not spec then
		return nil
	end

	local function check_correct_placetype(placetype)
		if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for _, pt in ipairs(placetype) do
				if list_or_element_contains(placetypes, pt) then
					return true
				end
			end
			return false
		else
			return list_or_element_contains(placetypes, placetype)
		end
	end

	if spec.alias_of then
		local resolved_key = spec.alias_of
		local resolved_spec = group.data[resolved_key]
		if not resolved_spec then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which doesn't exist&quot;, key, resolved_key)
		elseif resolved_spec.alias_of then
			internal_error(&quot;Key %s is an alias of %s, which is itself an alias; indirect aliasing not allowed&quot;,
				key, resolved_key)
		end
		if alias_resolution == &quot;none&quot; or alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
			-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
			local placetype = spec.placetype or resolved_spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
			if not placetype then
				internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in any of spec %s, alias-resolved spec %s or in group &quot; ..
					&quot;`default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec, resolved_spec)
			end
			if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
				return nil
			end
			if alias_resolution == &quot;display&quot; then
				if spec.display == true then
					key = resolved_key
				elseif spec.display then
					key = spec.display
				end
			end
			return key, spec
		end
		key = resolved_key
		spec = resolved_spec
	end

	-- We could be working with non-initialized/defaulted spec, since we're pulling it directly from the group.
	local placetype = spec.placetype or group.default_placetype
	if not placetype then
		internal_error(&quot;No placetype found for key %s in spec %s or group `default_placetype`&quot;, key, spec)
	end
	if not check_correct_placetype(placetype) then
		return nil
	end
	export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
	return key, spec
end

--[=[
Given a location group, placename and possible placetypes that the placename must match, check if the placename exists
in the group with at least one of the placetypes of the key in the group that corresponds to the placename matching one
of the passed-in placetypes. If so, return two values: the key corrsponding to the passed-in placename and the
corresponding spec object. This is similar to `find_matching_key_in_group()` but works with placenames rather than keys.
`alias_resolution` is as in `find_matching_key_in_group()`.

This is a low-level function meant for internal use; external callers should generally use `get_matching_location` (for
internally-derived locations), `find_matching_holonym_location` (for externally-derived locations) or
`find_canonical_key` (for known-canonical locations where the placetype isn't known).
]=]
local function find_matching_placename_in_group(group, placetypes, placename, alias_resolution)
	local key = export.placename_to_key(group, placename)
	return find_matching_key_in_group(group, placetypes, key, alias_resolution)
end

--[==[
If `key` is a canonical known location key (i.e. not an alias), return the corresponding group and initialized spec.
If no such key exists, return {nil}. This throws an internal error if two locations with the same key are found.
]==]
function export.find_canonical_key(key)
	local found_locations = {}
	for _, group in ipairs(export.locations) do
		local spec = group.data[key]
		if not spec then
			-- do nothing
		elseif spec.alias_of then
			mw.log((&quot;Skipping alias '%s' of canonical '%s'&quot;):format(key, spec.alias_of))
		else
			insert(found_locations, {group, spec})
		end
	end
	if not found_locations[1] then
		return nil
	elseif found_locations[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for canonical key %s: %s&quot;, key, found_locations)
	else
		local group, spec = unpack(found_locations[1])
		export.initialize_spec(group, key, spec)
		return group, spec
	end
end

--[==[
Iterator that returns all locations matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename
or a key along with a list of possible placetypes. Usually there will be at most one such location. The iterator
returns three values at each iteration: the location group, canonical key by which the location is known and the spec
object describing the location. `data` contains the following possible fields:
* `placetypes`: A list of possible placetypes, one of which must match one of the location's placetypes; or a string
  specifying a placetype, which must match one of the location's placetypes. This must be specified.
* `placename`: The placename of the location. Either this or `key` must be specified.
* `key`: The key of the location. Either this or `placename` must be specified.
* `alias_resolution`: If specified, it behaves the same as for `find_matching_key_in_group`.
The spec is normally initialized using `initialize_spec()` prior to it being returned (but may not be if
`alias_resolution` is given and the specified key or placename is an alias; see the documentation for
`find_matching_key_in_group`).
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_location(data)
	local i = 0
	local n = #export.locations
	return function()
		while true do
			i = i + 1
			if i &gt; n then
				break
			end
			local group = export.locations[i]
			local key, spec
			if data.placename then
				key, spec = find_matching_placename_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.placename,
					data.alias_resolution)
			else
				if not data.key then
					internal_error(&quot;'.placename' or '.key' must be defined: %s&quot;, data)
				end
				key, spec = find_matching_key_in_group(group, data.placetypes, data.key, data.alias_resolution)
			end
			if key then
				return group, key, spec
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
Return the location matching a given description, where the description consists of either a placename or a key along
with a list of possible placetypes. This is similar to `iterate_matching_location()` but throws an internal error if
there is not exactly one location found; as such, it is for use with internally specified locations (such as the
containers of known locations) rather than externally specified locations, which may not match a known location and in
some cases may match multiple known locations. For finding an externally specified location, consider using
`find_matching_holonym_location`, which returns {nil} rather than throwing an error if the location isn't found, but
also (more importantly) checks to make sure there are no conflicting holonyms among the user-specified holonyms (e.g.
{{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/USA|t=Newark}} will not match the known location `Newark` (in New Jersey, not Delaware).
]==]
function export.get_matching_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in export.iterate_matching_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Couldn't find matching location for data %s&quot;, data)
	elseif all_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching locations for data %s: %s&quot;, data, all_found)
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end

--[==[
Successively iterate over a location's containers, and then the containers of those containers, etc. Keep in mind that
locations may have multiple containers (e.g. Russia has both Europe and Asia as containers, and both Europe and Asia
have Eurasia as their container). A given container will never be returned twice (e.g. in the case where a specific
location A has locations B and C as containers, and B has C as its container, C will not be returned twice). An
internal error happens if a container loop is detected. The return value is a list of location objects, each of which
contains `group`, `key` and `spec` fields.
]==]
function export.iterate_containers(group, key, spec)
	local keys_seen = {}
	keys_seen[key] = true
	local iterations = 0
	local last_iteration_containers = {{group = group, key = key, spec = spec}}
	return function()
		iterations = iterations + 1
		if iterations &gt; 10 then
			internal_error(&quot;Probable loop in containers when processing key %s&quot;, key)
		end
		local next_iteration_containers = {}
		for _, location in ipairs(last_iteration_containers) do
			local containers = location.spec.containers
			if containers then
				for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
					local container_group, container_key, container_spec = export.get_matching_location {
						placetypes = container.placetype,
						key = container.key,
					}
					if not keys_seen[container_key] then
						insert(next_iteration_containers, {
							group = container_group, key = container_key, spec = container_spec
						})
						keys_seen[container_key] = true
					end
				end
			end
		end
		if not next_iteration_containers[1] then
			return nil
		end
		last_iteration_containers = next_iteration_containers
		return next_iteration_containers
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placename, convert it into a link (two-part if `display_form` is given and differs from `placename`) and add
`&quot;the &quot;` to the beginning if called for in `spec`.
]==]
function export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename, display_form)
	local linked_placename = display_form and placename ~= display_form and (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(placename,
		display_form) or (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(placename)
	if spec.the then
		linked_placename = &quot;the &quot; .. linked_placename
	end
	return linked_placename
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `key_to_placename`. It generates a function that chops off parts of a string (a
location key), typically at the end, in order to get the full and elliptical versions of a placename. (See the
documentation above for `key_to_placename` under &quot;Location group tables&quot; for the difference between full and elliptical
placenames.) `container_patterns` is a Lua pattern or a list of possible patterns matching the container at the end of
the key, which will be used to remove that container. If multiple patterns are specified, each one is tried until one
matches. If `container_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped. The reulting string becomes the full
placename. If `divtype_patterns` is specified, it is likewise either a Lua pattern or list of possible patterns to match
and remove the political division affixed onto the end (or possibly the beginning) of the key in the keys of certain
countries (such as South Korean and North Korean counties, which include the word &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; in the key). The resulting
chopped string becomes the elliptical placename. If `divtype_patterns` is omitted, this part of the process is skipped
and the full and elliptical placenames are the same.

Typical usage is as follows:

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, England$&quot;),
```

or (when the political division is part of the key)

```
key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;)
```
]=]
local function make_key_to_placename(container_patterns, divtype_patterns)
	if type(container_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		container_patterns = {container_patterns}
	end
	if type(divtype_patterns) == &quot;string&quot; then
		divtype_patterns = {divtype_patterns}
	end
	return function(key)
		local full_placename = key
		if container_patterns then
			for _, container_pattern in ipairs(container_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				full_placename, nsubs = full_placename:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		local elliptical_placename = full_placename
		if divtype_patterns then
			for _, divtype_pattern in ipairs(divtype_patterns) do
				local nsubs
				elliptical_placename, nsubs = elliptical_placename:gsub(divtype_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
				if nsubs &gt; 0 then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return full_placename, elliptical_placename
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `placename_to_key`. It generates a function that appends a string to the end of a given
placename to get the key (see the definition of `placename_to_key` above in the documentation under &quot;Location group
tables&quot;). Optional `divtype_suffix` is a raw string (which should not contain hyphens or other characters that have
special meaning in Lua patterns) to be appended first to the placename; if already present at the end, it is not
appended. `container_suffix` is then added in the same fashion if given. Typical usage is like this:

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, England&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Hampshire&quot;` into `&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;`)

or

```
placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; County&quot;)
```

(which will convert e.g. `&quot;Gangwon&quot;` or `&quot;Gangwon County&quot;` into `&quot;Gangwon County, South Korea&quot;`).
]=]
local function make_placename_to_key(container_suffix, divtype_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		local key = placename
		if divtype_suffix then
			if not key:find(&quot;^&quot; .. divtype_suffix) then --th; เปลี่ยนไปเติมข้างหน้าแทน
				key = divtype_suffix .. key --th
			end
		end
		if container_suffix then
			key = container_suffix .. key --th
		end
		return key
	end
end

--[=[
This is typically used to define `canonicalize_key_container`, which converts a container as specified in the location
data into the canonical form containing both the full container key and its placetype. It generates a function to do
the canonicalization of a given container. If the container is a string, `suffix` is appended onto the string (use {nil}
or {&quot;&quot;} if there is no suffix to append), and the placetype is set to `placetype`. Otherwise the container is left
as-is. Typical usage is like this:

```
canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;)
```

which will convert e.g. `&quot;Ontario&quot;` into `{key = &quot;Ontario, Canada&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}`.
]=]
local function make_canonicalize_key_container(suffix, placetype)
	return function(container)
		if type(container) == &quot;string&quot; then
			return {key = container .. (suffix or &quot;&quot;), placetype = placetype}
		else
			return container
		end
	end
end

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               Top-level tables                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.continents = {
	[&quot;โลก&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;ธรรมชาติ&quot;},
			fulldesc = &quot;=the planet [[Earth]] and the features found on it&quot;},
		[&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
		[&quot;อเมริกา&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[America]], in the sense of [[North America]] and [[South America]] combined&quot;,
				wp = &quot;Americas&quot;},
		[&quot;อเมริกาส์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, the = true},
			[&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
				[&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;อเมริกา&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				fulldesc = &quot;=the territory of [[Antarctica]]&quot;},
		[&quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;มหาทวีป&quot;, &quot;ทวีป&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;},
				keydesc = &quot;[[Eurasia]], i.e. [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] together&quot;},
			[&quot;เอเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ยุโรป&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;ยูเรเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;มหาทวีป&quot;}},
		[&quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;, container = {key = &quot;โลก&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดาวเคราะห์&quot;}},
			[&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
			[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย (ภูมิภาค)&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
			[&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;continental region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, container = {key = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;}},
}

export.continents_group = {
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {}, -- container parents should be used
	default_divs = {{type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}},
	-- It's enough to mention the first-level continent or continent group. It seems excessive to write e.g.
	-- &quot;El Salvador, a country in Central America, a continental region in North America, a continent in America, ...&quot;.
	default_no_include_container_in_desc = true,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	default_no_generic_place_cat = true,
	-- French Guyana is in France but not in Europe, which should not be an issue, so don't check holonym mismatches at
	-- this level. We also run into problems with supercontinents, which have &quot;ทวีป&quot; as the fallback and cause
	-- mismatches.
	default_no_check_holonym_mismatch = true,
	data = export.continents,
}

-- Countries: including those with partial recognition that are normally considered countries (e.g. Kosovo, Taiwan).
export.countries = {
	[&quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอลเบเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;administrative units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อันดอร์รา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;แองโกลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;แอนทีกาและบาร์บิวดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐอาร์มีเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- Both a country and continent
	[&quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;โอเชียเนีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and territories&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาฮามาส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;บาห์เรน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บาร์เบโดส&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลารุส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลเยียม&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบลีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เบนิน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;ภูฏาน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;gewogs&quot;}},
	[&quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;entities&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia and Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย-เฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	--[&quot;Bosnia-Hercegovina&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอสเนีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;บอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;บอตสวานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ตำบล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บราซิล&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;macroregions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;บรูไน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;mukims&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;บุรุนดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;กัมพูชา&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แคนาดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of รัฐและดินแดน&quot;},
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
		&quot;rural municipalities&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;,
		-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct (e.g. &quot;First Nations reserves&quot;) until/unless
		-- the Canadian government makes a similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is
		-- still at [[w:Indian reserves]]).
		&quot;Indian reserves&quot;,
		&quot;census divisions&quot;,
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคปเวิร์ด&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;กาบูเวร์ดี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;subprefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;CAR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;C.A.R&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;ชาด&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;ชิลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;}},
	[&quot;จีน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;มณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;}, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former provinces&quot;},
		&quot;special administrative regions&quot;,
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
		{type = &quot;FORMER prefectures&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former prefectures&quot;},
		&quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;FORMER county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities.
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		{type = &quot;FORMER districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former districts&quot;},
		&quot;ตำบล&quot;,
		&quot;townships&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;direct-administered municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;จีน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอโมโรส&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous islands&quot;}},
	[&quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;คิวบา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เช็กเกีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}},
	[&quot;คองโก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;DRC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;D.R.C&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Denmark]] (constituent country) from [[w:Danish Realm]] (country)
	},
	[&quot;จิบูตี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ดอมินีกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[Dominican Republic]], the country that shares the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Hispaniola]] with [[Haiti]]&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, wp = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;},
	[&quot;ติมอร์ตะวันออก&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ติมอร์-เลสเต&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;}},
	[&quot;อียิปต์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิเควทอเรียลกินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;subregions&quot;}},
	[&quot;เอสโตเนีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;สวาซีแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เอสวาตินี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหพันธรัฐไมโครนีเชีย&quot;}, --ชื่อซ้ำกัน: ภูมิภาค/สหพันธรัฐ
	[&quot;ฟีจี&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;collectivities&quot;,
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กาบอง&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;แกมเบีย&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;The %l&quot;},
	[&quot;จอร์เจีย&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the country of [[Georgia]], in [[Eurasia]]&quot;, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;%l (country)&quot;},
	[&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia have administrative regions as divisions, but
		-- there aren't really enough of them to categorize per state.
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีซ&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;regional units&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;peripheries&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กรีเนดา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;กินี-บิสเซา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;กายอานา&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เฮติ&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;arrondissements&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;ฮังการี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไอซ์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินเดีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states and union territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;regencies&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of provinces&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;อิหร่าน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิรัก&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true, wp = &quot;Republic of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;อิตาลี&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;metropolitan cities&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- We should really be using Ivory Coast (common name) but there are political ramifications to the use of
	-- Côte d'Ivoire so don't make it a display alias.
	[&quot;ไอวอรีโคสต์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;},
	[&quot;จาเมกา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;จอร์แดน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;คาซัคสถาน&quot;] = {container = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;เคนยา&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kiribati&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kosovo&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Kuwait&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;areas&quot;}},
	[&quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Laos&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Latvia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lebanon&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lesotho&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Liberia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Libya&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Liechtenstein&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Lithuania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Luxembourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Madagascar&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malawi&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Malaysia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;federal territories&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Maldives&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;administrative atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mali&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;cercles&quot;}},
	[&quot;Malta&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;local councils&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Marshall Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mauritius&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mexico&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Moldova&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous territorial units&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous territorial units&quot;},
		&quot;communes&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Monaco&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- We want the first placetype to be 'city-state' so the description of Monaco says it's a city-state, but we
		-- want its parent to be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Mongolia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Montenegro&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Morocco&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Mozambique&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Myanmar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;union territories&quot;,
		{type = &quot;self-administered zones&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		{type = &quot;self-administered divisions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;self-administered areas&quot;},
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Burma&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- not display-canonicalizing; has political connotations
	[&quot;Namibia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;constituencies&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nauru&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nepal&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;constituent country&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;former municipalities&quot;},
			&quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;constituent countries&quot;}, british_spelling = true,
		-- Wikipedia separates [[w:Netherlands]] (constituent country) from [[w:Kingdom of the Netherlands]]
		-- (country)
	},
	[&quot;New Zealand&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;territorial authorities&quot;,
		{type = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;territorial authorities&quot;},
	},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Nicaragua&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Niger&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nigeria&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		-- Categorize the Federal Capital Territory as a state because there's only one of it; we could categorize
		-- everything under 'states and territories' but that seems a bit pointless.
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;รัฐ&quot;},
		&quot;local government areas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;North Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;North Macedonia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Republic of North Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Republic of Macedonia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Macedonia&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Norway&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;unincorporated areas&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Oman&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;administrative territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;federal territories&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		{type = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, cat_as = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;},
		&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Palau&quot;] = {container = &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Palestine&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;State of Palestine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Palestine&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Panama&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกากลาง&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Papua New Guinea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Paraguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Peru&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Philippines&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poland&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;voivodeships&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Portugal&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;autonomous regions&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		{type = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, cat_as = &quot;districts and autonomous regions&quot;},
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Qatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;zones&quot;}},
	[&quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Congo Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Romania&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of counties&quot;},
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Russia&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {
		&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;, &quot;oblasts&quot;, &quot;krais&quot;, &quot;federal cities&quot;,
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;federal districts&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Rwanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Kitts&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Kitts and Nevis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saint Lucia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;parishes&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Saint Vincent&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;SVG&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;S.V.G&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Saint Vincent and the Grenadines&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Samoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;San Marino&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;São Tome and Principe&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tomé&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São Tome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Tomé and Príncipe&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;governorates&quot;}},
	[&quot;Senegal&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;departments&quot;}},
	[&quot;Serbia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;autonomous provinces&quot;}},
	[&quot;Seychelles&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sierra Leone&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Singapore&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Slovenia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;statistical regions&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	-- Note: While the official name does not include &quot;the&quot; at the beginning, 
	-- it sounds strange in English to leave it out and it's commonly included.
	[&quot;Solomon Islands&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Africa&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		{type = &quot;district municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		{type = &quot;metropolitan municipalities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		&quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;South Korea&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;Korea&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;South Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Spain&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;autonomous communities&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		&quot;comarcas&quot;, &quot;autonomous cities&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Sudan&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Suriname&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sweden&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Switzerland&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;cantons&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Syria&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;, &quot;special municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;สาธารณรัฐจีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;, different political connotations
	[&quot;Tajikistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tanzania&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;ไทย&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ตำบล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Togo&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefectures&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tonga&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;divisions&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Trinidad and Tobago&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Tunisia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;delegations&quot;}},
	[&quot;Turkey&quot;] = {container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	-- Foreign names generally get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Türkiye&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Turkmenistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {
		-- The 5 regions are often also called provinces
		&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, {type = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, cat_as = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Tuvalu&quot;] = {container = &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;atolls&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Uganda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Ukraine&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;oblasts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		{type = &quot;autonomous republics&quot;, cat_as = &quot;oblasts and autonomous republics&quot;},
		&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;,
	}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;emirates&quot;}},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UAE&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.A.E.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;constituent countries&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			&quot;traditional counties&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the [[United Kingdom]] of Great Britain and Northern Ireland&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	-- Abbreviations get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;UK&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.K.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;] = {the = true, container = &quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
			{type = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;abbreviations of states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;derogatory names for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR states&quot;, cat_as = &quot;official nicknames for states&quot;},
			{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, -- exist in Pennsylvania and New Jersey
			&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, -- these exist politically at least in Colorado and Connecticut
			{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
			-- Don't change the following to something more politically correct until/unless the US government makes a
			-- similar switch (and note that as of Apr 18 2025, the Wikipedia article is still at
			-- [[w:Indian reservations]]).
			&quot;Indian reservations&quot;,
		}},
	-- Abbreviations and long forms (when possible) get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;US&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;USA&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;U.S.A.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;สหรัฐ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Uruguay&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;departments&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Uzbekistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Vanuatu&quot;] = {container = &quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city-state&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;,
		-- First placetype should be 'city-state' for to shown up in its description,
		-- Its parent should still be &quot;countries in Europe&quot;.
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;}, is_city = true, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Vatican&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vatican City&quot;, the = true}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;, divs = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Western Sahara&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;,
		bare_category_parent_type = {type = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	-- Not display-canonicalizable both due to differences in 'the' and the sovereignty dispute over Western Sahara
	[&quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Sahara&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;SADR&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Yemen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;governorates&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zambia&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Zimbabwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
}

local function canonicalize_continent_container(key)
	if type(key) ~= &quot;string&quot; then
		return key
	end
	if export.continents[key] then
		return {key = key, placetype = export.continents[key].placetype}
	end
	internal_error(&quot;Unrecognized key %s in `canonicalize_continent_like`&quot;, key)
end

export.countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;+++&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.countries,
}

-- Country-like entities: typically overseas territories or de-facto independent countries, which in both cases
-- are not internationally recognized as sovereign nations but which we treat similarly to countries.
export.country_like_entities = {
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Akrotiri and Dhekelia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Åland: Listed as a region of Finland. Wikipedia lists this under &quot;dependent territories&quot; in
	--   [[w:List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent]].
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;American Samoa&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Anguilla&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;Abkhazia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Abkhazia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Ashmore and Cartier Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Aruba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Bermuda&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Bonaire&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Indian Ocean Territory&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;British Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian dependent territory
	[&quot;Bouvet Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Cayman Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Christmas Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Sui generis French &quot;state private property&quot; per Wikipedia; classify as overseas territory like the
	-- French Southern and Antarctic Lands.
	[&quot;Clipperton Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
	},
	-- Australian external territory; also called the Keeling Islands or (officially) the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
	[&quot;Cocos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		wp = &quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Cocos (Keeling) Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;Keeling Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cocos Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Cook Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Curaçao&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special territory of Chile
	[&quot;Easter Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Falkland Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Faroe Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาใต้&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;French Polynesia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- French overseas territory
	[&quot;French Southern and Antarctic Lands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Gibraltar&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- autonomous territory of Denmark
	[&quot;Greenland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Guam&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Guernsey
	[&quot;Guernsey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
		wp = &quot;Bailiwick of %l&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Guernsey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Guernsey&quot;, the = true},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Heard Island and McDonald Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
	},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Hong Kong&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency
	[&quot;Isle of Man&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Jan Mayen&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing British Crown dependency; technically called the Bailiwick of Jersey
	[&quot;Jersey&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;crown dependency&quot;, &quot;dependency&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;bailiwick&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;British Isles&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Bailiwick of Jersey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jersey&quot;, the = true},
	-- special administrative region of China
	[&quot;Macau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special administrative region&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
		container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Montserrat&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special collectivity of France
	[&quot;New Caledonia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เมลานีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;New Zealand Subantarctic Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอนตาร์กติกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- self-governing but in free association with New Zealand
	[&quot;Niue&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Australian external territory
	[&quot;Norfolk Island&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;external territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Cyprus
	[&quot;Northern Cyprus&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไซปรัส&quot;, &quot;Turkey&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Northern Cyprus]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Cyprus]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth, unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;Northern Mariana Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Pitcairn Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- commonwealth of the United States
	[&quot;Puerto Rico&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;commonwealth&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	},
	-- overseas department and region of France
	[&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas department&quot;, &quot;department&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Saba&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Barthélemy&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		divs = {{type = &quot;constituent parts&quot;, container_parent_type = false}},
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
		-- constituent parts of the combined oveseas territory
		[&quot;Ascension Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Saint Helena&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;เกาะ&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
		[&quot;Tristan da Cunha&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;constituent part&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
			container = {key = &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;, placetype = &quot;overseas territory&quot;},
			addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
			overriding_bare_label_parents = {},
			no_container_cat = false,
			no_container_parent = false,
			no_auto_augment_container = false,
		},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Martin&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Saint Pierre and Miquelon&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		divs = {&quot;communes&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อเมริกาเหนือ&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- special municipality of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Eustatius&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		is_city = true,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- constituent country of the Netherlands
	[&quot;Sint Maarten&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Somalia
	[&quot;Somaliland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Somaliland]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Somalia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	-- FIXME: We should form the group &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot; like we did for
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	[&quot;South Georgia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Georgia
	[&quot;South Ossetia&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Georgia&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[South Ossetia]], internationally recognized as part of the country of [[Georgia]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;South Sandwich Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก&quot;},
		wp = true,
		wpcat = &quot;South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- Norwegian unincorporated area
	[&quot;Svalbard&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated area&quot;, &quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;archipelago&quot;},
		container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- dependent territory of New Zealand
	[&quot;Tokelau&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;dependent territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- de-facto independent state, internationally recognized as part of Moldova
	[&quot;Transnistria&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Moldova&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the de-facto independent state of [[Transnistria]], internationally recognized as part of [[Moldova]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- British Overseas Territory
	[&quot;Turks and Caicos Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Minor Outlying Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;เกาะ&quot;, &quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;, &quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;, &quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
		-- FIXME: We should add entries for the other minor outlying islands.
		-- Baker Island (Oceania)
		-- Howland Island (Oceania)
		-- Jarvis Island (Oceania)
		-- Johnston Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Kingman Reef (Oceania)
		-- Midway Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Navassa Island (Caribbean)
		-- Palmyra Atoll (Oceania)
		-- Wake Island (Oceania)
		[&quot;Wake Island&quot;] = {
			placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
			container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
			addl_parents = {&quot;ไมโครนีเชีย&quot;},
		},
	-- unincorporated territory of the United States
	[&quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		placetype = {&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;, &quot;overseas territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
		container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;แคริบเบียน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;U.S. Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	[&quot;US Virgin Islands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;United States Virgin Islands&quot;, display = true, the = true},
	-- overseas collectivity of France
	[&quot;Wallis and Futuna&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;, &quot;collectivity&quot;},
		container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
		addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;},
		british_spelling = true,
	},
}

export.country_like_entities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;country-like entities&quot;},
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- These entities often aren't really part of their container; a village in Wallis and Futuna (an overseas
	-- collectivity of France in Polynesia), for example, shouldn't be treated as a village in France, nor as a village
	-- in Europe.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.country_like_entities,
}

-- Former countries and such; we don't create &quot;Cities in ...&quot; categories because they don't exist anymore
export.former_countries = {
	-- de-facto independent state of Armenian ethnicity, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan
	-- (also known as Nagorno-Karabakh)
	-- NOTE: Formerly listed Armenia as a parent; this seems politically non-neutral so I've taken it out.
	[&quot;Artsakh&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;unrecognized country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;, &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former de-facto independent state of [[Artsakh]], internationally recognized as part of [[Azerbaijan]]&quot;,
		british_spelling = true,
	},
	[&quot;Nagorno-Karabakh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Artsakh&quot;},
	[&quot;Czechoslovakia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;East Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;เวียดนามเหนือ&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;เปอร์เซีย&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, divs = {&quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Byzantine Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;Ancient Europe&quot;, &quot;Ancient Near East&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;themes&quot;,
		}},
	[&quot;Roman Empire&quot;] = {
		the = true, placetype = {&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;}, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;แอฟริกา&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, addl_parents = {&quot;Rome&quot;},
		divs = {
			&quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
			{type = &quot;FORMER provinces&quot;, cat_as = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;},
		}},
	[&quot;เวียดนามใต้&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เวียดนาม&quot;}},
	[&quot;Soviet Union&quot;] = {
		the = true, container = {&quot;ยุโรป&quot;, &quot;เอเชีย&quot;}, divs = {&quot;republics&quot;, &quot;autonomous republics&quot;},
		british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;West Germany&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, addl_parents = {&quot;เยอรมนี&quot;}, british_spelling = true},
	[&quot;Yugoslavia&quot;] = {container = &quot;ยุโรป&quot;, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		keydesc = &quot;the former [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] (1918–1943) or the former [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1943–1992)&quot;, british_spelling = true},
}

export.former_countries_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = canonicalize_continent_container,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	default_is_former_place = true,
	default_placetype = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	default_no_container_parent = true,
	-- No need to augment country holonyms with continents; not needed for disambiguation.
	default_no_auto_augment_container = true,
	data = export.former_countries,
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                  Subpolity tables                             --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_states_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Jervis Bay Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;New South Wales, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Queensland, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tasmania, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Victoria, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Australia, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states and territories of Australia
export.australia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรเลีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;local government areas&quot;,
	data = export.australia_states_and_territories,
}

export.austria_states = {
	[&quot;Vienna, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Upper Austria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Styria, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tyrol, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Tyrol (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Carinthia, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salzburg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Salzburg (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Vorarlberg, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Burgenland, ออสเตรีย&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Austria
export.austria_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.austria_states,
}

export.bangladesh_divisions = {
	[&quot;Barisal Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mymensingh Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rajshahi Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rangpur Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sylhet Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;] = {},
}

-- divisions of Bangladesh
export.bangladesh_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ$&quot;, &quot; Division$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, &quot; Division&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;บังกลาเทศ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;division&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	data = export.bangladesh_divisions,
}

export.brazil_states = {
	[&quot;Acre, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Alagoas, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amapá, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Amazonas, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Brazilian state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Bahia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ceará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Distrito Federal, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Federal District (Brazil)&quot;},
	[&quot;Espírito Santo, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Goiás, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maranhão, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mato Grosso do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minas Gerais, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pará, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraíba, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Paraná, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pernambuco, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piauí, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Norte, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rio Grande do Sul, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rondônia, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Roraima, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santa Catarina, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;São Paulo, บราซิล&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sergipe, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tocantins, บราซิล&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Brazil
export.brazil_group = {
	default_container = &quot;บราซิล&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_states,
}

export.canada_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Alberta, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;municipal districts&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;rural municipalities&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;British Columbia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs =
		{type = &quot;regional districts&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;regional municipalities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Manitoba, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;New Brunswick, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, {type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, cat_as = &quot;parishes&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Newfoundland and Labrador, แคนาดา&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northwest Territories, แคนาดา&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Nova Scotia, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Nunavut, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Ontario, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;regional municipalities&quot;, {type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	[&quot;Prince Edward Island, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;parishes&quot;, &quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Saskatchewan, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;rural municipalities&quot;}},
	[&quot;Quebec, แคนาดา&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;regional county municipalities&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;regional municipalities&quot;},
		-- administrative regions have an official (but non-governmental) function but there don't appear to be any
		-- equivalent regions elsewhere in Canada, so disable the [[Category:Regions of Canada]] grouping
		{type = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;township municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;townships&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;village municipalities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	}},
	[&quot;Yukon, แคนาดา&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	[&quot;Yukon Territory, แคนาดา&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yukon, Canada&quot;, the = true},
}

-- provinces and territories of Canada
export.canada_group = {
	default_container = &quot;แคนาดา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;, --ตาม thwiki
	data = export.canada_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions = {
	-- direct-administered municipalities are not here but below under prefecture-level cities
	[&quot;Anhui, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Fuchien, จีน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fujian, จีน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gansu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangdong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Guizhou, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hainan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hebei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Heilongjiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Henan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hubei, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Jiangsu, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jiangxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jilin, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liaoning, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Qinghai, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shaanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shandong, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shanxi, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sichuan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tibet, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;, wp = &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;},
	[&quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;},
	[&quot;Yunnan, จีน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zhejiang, จีน&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and autonomous regions of China
export.china_group = {
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;มณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;prefecture-level cities&quot;,
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_provinces_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities = {
	-- In China, a &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; is not a city in any real sense. It is rather a prefecture, which is an
	-- administrative unit smaller than a province but bigger than a county, which is administratively controlled by
	-- the chief city of the prefecture (which bears the same name as the prefecture), in a unified government. Prior
	-- to the mid-1980's, in fact, prefecture-level cities *were* prefectures, and a few of them (especially in the
	-- western portion of China) have not yet been converted. Generally a given province is entirely tiled by
	-- prefecture-level cities, another indication that they should be treated as prefectures and not cities per se.
	-- Yet another indication is that prefecture-level cities can contain counties and county-level cities (which, much
	-- like prefecture-level cities, are effectively counties surrounding a chief city of the county, again which bears
	-- the same name as the county-level city).
	--
	-- For this reason, we treat prefecture-level cities as non-city political divisions, and separately enumerate the
	-- most populous so we can separately categorize districts and counties under them instead of lumping them at the
	-- province level.
	--
	-- Note also that China separately distinguishes &quot;urban area&quot; from &quot;metro area&quot;. Sometimes the two figures are
	-- identical but sometimes the metro area is larger (and very occasionally smaller, which I assume is an error). I'm
	-- guessing that the &quot;urban area&quot; is the contiguous urban area over a certain density while the metro area includes
	-- all urban areas above a certain density; when the latter is greater, it's because of satellite cities in the
	-- metro area separated by suburban/exurban or rural land.

	-- At first I chose all prefecture/province-level cities with a total prefecture/province-level population of at
	-- least 6,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/admin/ (a total
	-- of 67, including the four direct-administered municipalities), and also chose all prefecture/province-level
	-- cities whose &quot;urban population&quot; was at least 2,000,000 per the 2020 census with data taken from Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List of cities in China by population#Cities and towns by population]] (a total of 61 cities; if we cut off
	-- at 1.5 million we'd have 84 cities, and if we cut off at 1 million we'd have 105 cities). Merging them produces
	-- 87 cities. Note that this leaves off a few well-known cities (Guilin, Qiqihar, Kashgar, Lhasa, ...) but includes
	-- a lot of obscure cities.
	--
	-- At a later date I added all cities from citypopulation.de whose &quot;urban&quot; population per the 2020 China census was
	-- &gt;= 1 million, and then finally added all urban agglomerations from citypopulation.de whose 2025-01-01 estimate
	-- was &gt;= 1 million. These are sorted below by the urban agglomeration value (which is generally of the &quot;adm-urb&quot; =
	-- &quot;administrative area (urban population)&quot; type) and sometimes groups nearby cities into a single agglomeration
	-- (most notably in the case of the Pearl River Delta, grouped under Guangzhou with an agglomeration population of
	-- 72,700,000 but including a large number of nearby large cities in the agglomeration (although for some reason not
	-- Hong Kong, maybe due to the administrative issues involved). In addition, citypopulation.de includes divisions
	-- under a prefecture-level city if they are city-like and have an agglomeration population of at least 1 million;
	-- this includes several county-level cities, one county and one district (Wanzhou, a &quot;district&quot; of Chongqing
	-- despite being 142 miles away). None of the county-level cities or counties have districts under them, only
	-- subdistricts, towns and townships.

	[&quot;Guangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 18.7 prefectural, 18.8 urban; sub-provincial city; 16.097 urban (72.700 adm-urb including Dongguan, Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, Zhongshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongguan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 10.5 prefectural, 10.5 urban; 9.645 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Foshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 9.5 prefectural, 9.5 urban; 9.043 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Huizhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.0 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.900 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jiangmen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.798 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.795 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shenzhen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 17.5 prefectural, 14.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 17.445 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhongshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 4.418 prefectural, 4.4 urban; 3.842 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Guangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Shanghai&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 24.9 prefectural, 29.9 urban; 21.910 urban (41.600 adm-urb including Changshu, Changzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changshu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.231 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Cangzhou in Hebei
	[&quot;Changzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 5.278 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 3.187 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	-- NOTE: There is also a prefecture-level city Suzhou in Anhui with 5.3 million prefectural inhabitants
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 12.8 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 5.893 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Wuxi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 3.3 urban; 3.957 per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shanghai agglomeration
	[&quot;Beijing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 21.9 prefectural, 21.9 urban; 18.961 urban (21.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chengdu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 20.9 prefectural, 16.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 13.568 urban (18.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiamen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 5.163 prefectural, 5.2 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.617 urban (15.400 adm-urb including Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Putian) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 1.416 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Quanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.7 urban (6.7 metro); 1.469 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Putian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 3.210 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.539 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xiamen agglomeration
	[&quot;Hangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 11.9 prefectural, 10.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.236 urban (14.600 adm-urb including Shaoxing) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 5.270 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.333 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Hangzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Xi'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 12.1 prefectural, 11.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 9.393 urban (13.400 adm-urb including Xianyang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.193 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Xi'an agglomeration
	[&quot;Chongqing&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 32.1 prefectural, 16.9 urban; 9.581 urban (12.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 12.4 prefectural, 12.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 10.495 urban (12.600 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tianjin&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- 13.9 prefectural, 13.9 urban; 11.052 urban (11.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.630 urban (11.500 adm-urb including Xiangtan, Zhuzhou) per citypopulation.de
	-- Changsha County -- 1.024 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.510 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Changsha agglomeration
	[&quot;Zhengzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 12.6 prefectural, 6.7 urban; 6.461 urban (10.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanjing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.3 prefectural, 9.3 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.520 urban (9.500 adm-urb including Ma'anshan) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shenyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 7.9 urban; sub-provincial city; 7.026 urban (8.800 adm-urb including Fushun) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fushun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.229 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shenyang agglomeration
	[&quot;Hefei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 4.2 urban; 5.056 urban (8.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shantou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 5.502 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.839 urban (8.050 adm-urb including Chaozhou, Jieyang, Puning) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chaozhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Jieyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.243 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Shantou agglomeration
	[&quot;Qingdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 10.1 prefectural, 7.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 6.165 urban (7.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ningbo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 5.1 urban; sub-provincial city; 3.731 urban (7.600 adm-urb including Cixi, Yuyao) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Cixi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.458 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	[&quot;Yuyao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.014 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Ningbo agglomeration
	-- Hong Kong 7.500 agglomeration per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 estimate including Kowloon, Victoria
	[&quot;Wenzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 9.6 prefectural, 3.6 urban; 2.582 urban (7.000 adm-urb including Rui'an, Cangnan, Pingyang) per citypopulation.de
	-- Rui'an is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Wenzhou but in fact is 19 miles away from Wenzhou city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Rui'an&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Wenzhou&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 1.013 urban per citypopulation.de; included by citypopulation.de in Wenzhou agglomeration
	[&quot;Kunming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 8.5 prefectural, 6.0 urban; 5.273 urban (6.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Láiwú city
	[&quot;Jinan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.2 prefectural, 8.4 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.648 urban (6.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Xīnjí city
	[&quot;Shijiazhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.2 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 5.090 urban (6.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taiyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 5.304 prefectural, 4.5 urban; 4.304 urban (6.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Harbin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 10.0 prefectural, 7.0 urban; sub-provincial city; 5.243 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanning&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 8.7 prefectural, 3.8 urban; 4.583 urban (5.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dalian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 7.5 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.914 urban (5.400 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guiyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 5.987 prefectural, 3.5 urban; 4.021 urban (5.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changchun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 5.7 urban; sub-provincial city; 4.557 urban (5.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 3.6 (3.9?) urban, 5.3 metro; 3.519 urban (5.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ürümqi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Xinjiang, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.054 prefectural, 4.3 urban; 3.843 urban (5.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Urumqi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ürümqi&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fujian&quot;}, -- 8.3 prefectural, 4.1 urban; 3.723 urban (4.775 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 11.0 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.744 urban (4.650 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 4.704 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.750 urban (3.975 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.231 urban (3.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lanzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gansu&quot;}, -- 4.359 prefectural, 3.1 urban; 3.013 urban (3.575 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nantong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.988 urban (3.475 adm-urb) citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weifang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 1.998 urban (3.325 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiangyin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.331 urban (3.200 adm-urb including Zhangjiagang) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiagang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.056 urban per citypopulation.de; included in Jiangyin figures
	[&quot;Xuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 9.1 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 2.846 urban (3.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Handan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 9.4 prefectural, 2.8 urban; 2.095 urban (2.925 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hohhot&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 3.446 prefectural, 2.7 urban; 2.373 urban (2.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Haikou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hainan&quot;}, -- 2.873 prefectural, 2.3 urban; 2.349 urban (2.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tangshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.7 prefectural, 3.4 urban; 2.550 urban (2.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinxiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.3 prefectural, 1.2 urban, 2.7 metro; 1.271 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yiwu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.481 urban (2.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhuhai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 2.439 prefectural, 2.4 urban; 2.207 urban (2.675 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.486 urban (2.625 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot;},
	[&quot;Yantai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 2.312 urban (2.550 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yinchuan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ningxia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.663 urban (2.525 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liuzhou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 4.157 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.205 urban (2.500 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.480 urban (2.350 adm-urb including Liáoyáng) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 2.067 urban (2.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaxing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (2.275 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qinghai&quot;}, -- 1.677 urban (2.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- includes Dìngzhōu city and Xióngān Xīnqū
	[&quot;Baoding&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 11.5 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.940 urban (2.225 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baotou&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 2.709 prefectural, 2.2 urban; 2.104 urban (2.200 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ganzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.778 urban (2.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Pingdingshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.046 urban (2.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zunyi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 2.4 urban/metro; 1.675 urban (2.025 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bengbu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Datong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 3.105 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.810 urban (2.000 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Anyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.188 urban (1.960 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.556 prefectural, 2.6 urban; 1.805 urban (1.940 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zaozhuang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.350 urban (1.900 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhanjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 1.9 urban; 1.401 urban (1.890 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huainan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.256 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jining&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.4 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.700 urban (1.880 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Daqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.604 urban (1.860 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Wuhu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.598 urban (1.850 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guilin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.361 urban (1.830 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Mianyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.549 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xiangyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.686 urban (1.800 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 1.084 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Puyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.824 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangqiu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.8 prefectural, 1.9 urban (2.8 metro); 1.031 urban (1.750 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qinhuangdao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.520 urban (1.740 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xingtai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 971,000 urban; 1.5 urban (1.700 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 9.7 prefectural, 2.1 urban/metro; 1.481 urban (1.680 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiaozuo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.875 urban (1.640 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jilin&quot;}, -- 1.509 urban (1.610 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jilin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jilin City&quot;},
	[&quot;Jinhua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zhejiang&quot;}, -- 7.1 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.041 urban (1.590 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shangrao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- 6.5 prefectural, 2.1 urban, 1.3 metro [sic]; 1.342 urban (1.580 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Heze&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 8.8 prefectural, 1.3 urban; 1.294 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yulin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 0.878 urban (1.570 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Tai'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.417 urban (1.560 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Weihai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.340 urban (1.510 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Taizhou, Jiangsu would be here (1.490 adm-urb) but moved to china_prefecture_level_cities_2 to avoid clash
	[&quot;Yancheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 6.7 prefectural, 1.6 urban; 1.353 urban (1.460 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhangjiakou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 1.339 urban (1.450 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Maoming&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 2.5 urban; 1.308 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Nanchong&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.254 urban (1.440 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Fuyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 8.2 prefectural, 2.1 urban; 1.191 urban (1.410 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xuchang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 0.850 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yichang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 1.284 urban (1.390 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dazhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.136 urban (1.380 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Kaifeng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 1.194 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Luzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.128 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qingyuan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.198 urban (1.340 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huaibei&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 0.831 urban (1.330 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yibin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sichuan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.310 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lu'an&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 1.070 urban (1.300 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.843 urban (1.290 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Rizhao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.147 urban (1.270 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changzhi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- 1.047 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 1.5 urban; 1.185 urban (1.250 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jinzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 1.021 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liaocheng&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 1.020 urban (1.240 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Changde&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.101 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Suqian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.082 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Xinyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 6.2 prefectural, 1.4 urban/metro; 1.015 urban (1.230 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Baoji&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shaanxi&quot;}, -- 1.108 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Yueyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 1.125 urban (1.220 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhenjiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.124 urban (1.210 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Wanzhou is a &quot;district&quot; of the &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot; of Chongqing but in fact is 142 miles away from Chongqing city proper.
	[&quot;Wanzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;district&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Chongqing&quot;, placetype = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1.078 urban (1.190 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Ulanhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Inner Mongolia, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 1.093 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chifeng&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulankhad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulanhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ezhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.180 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhaoqing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guangdong&quot;}, -- 1.036 urban (1.160 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Lianyungang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 4.599 prefectural, 2.0 urban; 1.071 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qujing&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yunnan&quot;}, -- 0.976 urban (1.150 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Shuyang is a &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Suqian but in fact is 38 miles away from Suqian city proper (urban core to urban core).
	-- The county itself is 37 miles by 34 miles.
	[&quot;Shuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Suqian&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l County&quot;}, -- 0.986 urban (1.120 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Yongkang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Jinhua but in fact is 32 miles away from Jinhua city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Yongkang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Jinhua&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Zhejiang&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.110 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhoukou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 9.0 prefectural, 721,000 urban (1.6 metro); &lt; 0.750 urban (1.100 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Beihai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- &lt; 1 urban (1.090 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Jiujiang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shaoyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hunan&quot;}, -- 6.6 prefectural, 802,000 urban, 1.4 metro; &lt; 1 urban (1.080 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Chuzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Hengshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 0.885 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Shiyan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hubei&quot;}, -- 0.955 urban (1.070 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Huludao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.764 urban (1.060 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Dongying&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shandong&quot;}, -- 0.961 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Guigang&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Guangxi, จีน&quot;, placetype = &quot;autonomous region&quot;}}, -- 0.921 urban (1.050 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Liuyang is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Changsha but in fact is 47 miles away from Changsha city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Liuyang&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Changsha&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.886 urban (1.040 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- NOTE: Not to be confused with Changzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Cangzhou&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hebei&quot;}, -- 7.3 prefectural, 621,000 urban; 0.759 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Liupanshui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Panjin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liaoning&quot;}, -- 0.980 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Qiqihar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Heilongjiang&quot;}, -- 1.030 urban (1.030 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Linfen&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shanxi&quot;}, -- &lt; 0.750 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de
	-- Tengzhou is a &quot;county-level city&quot; of the &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; of Zaozhuang but in fact is 30 miles away from Zaozhuang city proper (urban core to urban core).
	[&quot;Tengzhou&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;county-level city&quot;, container = {key = &quot;Zaozhuang&quot;, placetype = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;}, divs = {&quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;}}, -- 0.937 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de

	-- 3 extra that got added in earlier incarnations and aren't found in the &quot;major agglomerations of the world&quot; page https://citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/ reference date 2025-01-01
	[&quot;Kunshan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.652 urban (2020 China census) per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Zhumadian&quot;] = {container = &quot;Henan&quot;}, -- 7.0 prefectural, 722,000 urban per Wikipedia; 0.754 urban per citypopulation.de
	[&quot;Bijie&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guizhou&quot;}, -- 6.9 prefectural, ? urban, ? metro (not listed in Wikipedia); &lt; 0.750 urban per citypopulation.de
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Zhejiang&quot; or &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;.
	key_to_placename = false,
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities,
}

-- Needed to avoid problems with two cities called Taizhou and Suzhou.
export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2 = {
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Taizhou in Zhejiang.
	[&quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jiangsu&quot;}, -- 1.3 urban (1.490 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	[&quot;Taizhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;},
	-- NOTE: There is also a larger and better-known prefecture-level city Suzhou in Jiangsu.
	[&quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anhui&quot;}, -- 5.3 prefectural, 1.766 metro and &quot;urban&quot;; &lt; 1 urban (1.010 adm-urb) per citypopulation.de 2020 census
	-- hopefully this will work because we also have Suzhou as a key by itself for the larger, more-well-known Suzhou in Jiangsu
	[&quot;Suzhou&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Suzhou, Anhui&quot;},
}

export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2 = {
	-- don't do any transformations between key and placename; in particular, don't chop off anything from
	-- &quot;Taizhou, Jiangsu&quot;.
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, จีน&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;จีน&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, จีน&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Prefecture-level cities aren't really cities but allow them to be identified that way, as many people
	-- don't understand how Chinese administrative divisions work.
	default_placetype = {&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;towns&quot; (but not &quot;townships&quot;) are automatically added as they are specified as generic_before_non_cities,
		-- and prefecture-level cities (as well as county-level cities) are considered non-cities.
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;ตำบล&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
		{type = &quot;county-level cities&quot;, cat_as = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;},
	},
	data = export.china_prefecture_level_cities_2,
}

export.finland_regions = {
	[&quot;Lapland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kainuu, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Northern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Savo, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Southern Savonia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;South Karelia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Ostrobothnia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pirkanmaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satakunta, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Päijät-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Päijänne Tavastia, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kanta-Häme, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tavastia Proper, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kymenlaakso, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Finland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Åland&quot;},
	[&quot;Åland, ฟินแลนด์&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Åland Islands, ฟินแลนด์&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
}

-- regions of Finland
export.finland_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฟินแลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.finland_regions,
}

export.france_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brittany, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Centre-Val de Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Corsica, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- overseas departments are handled in `export.country_like_entities`
	-- [&quot;French Guiana&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Grand Est, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hauts-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Île-de-France, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Normandy, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Occitanie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Occitania, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Pays de la Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Réunion&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of France
export.france_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ฝรั่งเศส&quot;,
	-- Canonically these are 'administrative regions' but also treat as 'region' ('administrative region' falls back
	-- to 'region').
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
		&quot;departments&quot;,
		{type = &quot;prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;French prefectures&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;prefectures&quot;, &quot;departmental capitals&quot;}},
	},
	data = export.france_administrative_regions,
}

export.france_departments = {
	[&quot;Ain, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 01
	[&quot;Aisne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 02
	[&quot;Allier, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 03
	[&quot;Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 04
	[&quot;Hautes-Alpes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 05
	[&quot;Alpes-Maritimes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 06
	[&quot;Ardèche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 07
	[&quot;Ardennes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 08
	[&quot;Ariège, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 09
	[&quot;Aube, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 10
	[&quot;Aude, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 11
	[&quot;Aveyron, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 12
	[&quot;Bouches-du-Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 13
	[&quot;Calvados, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 14
	[&quot;Cantal, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 15
	[&quot;Charente, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 16
	[&quot;Charente-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 17
	[&quot;Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 18
	[&quot;Corrèze, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 19
	[&quot;Corse-du-Sud, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2A
	[&quot;Haute-Corse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Corsica&quot;}, -- 2B
	[&quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 21
	[&quot;Côte d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côte-d'Or, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 22
	[&quot;Côtes d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Côtes-d'Armor, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Creuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 23
	[&quot;Dordogne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 24
	[&quot;Doubs, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 25
	[&quot;Drôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 26
	[&quot;Eure, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 27
	[&quot;Eure-et-Loir, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 28
	[&quot;Finistère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 29
	[&quot;Gard, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 30
	[&quot;Haute-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 31
	[&quot;Gers, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 32
	[&quot;Gironde, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 33
	[&quot;Hérault, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 34
	[&quot;Ille-et-Vilaine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 35
	[&quot;Indre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 36
	[&quot;Indre-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 37
	[&quot;Isère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 38
	[&quot;Jura, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 39
	[&quot;Landes, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 40
	[&quot;Loir-et-Cher, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 41
	[&quot;Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 42
	[&quot;Haute-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 43
	[&quot;Loire-Atlantique, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 44
	[&quot;Loiret, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Centre-Val de Loire&quot;}, -- 45
	[&quot;Lot, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 46
	[&quot;Lot-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 47
	[&quot;Lozère, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 48
	[&quot;Maine-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 49
	[&quot;Manche, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 50
	[&quot;Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 51
	[&quot;Haute-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 52
	[&quot;Mayenne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 53
	[&quot;Meurthe-et-Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 54
	[&quot;Meuse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 55
	[&quot;Morbihan, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;}, -- 56
	[&quot;Moselle, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 57
	[&quot;Nièvre, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 58
	[&quot;Nord, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (French department)&quot;}, -- 59
	[&quot;Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 60
	[&quot;Orne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 61
	[&quot;Pas-de-Calais, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 62
	[&quot;Puy-de-Dôme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 63
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Atlantiques, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 64
	[&quot;Hautes-Pyrénées, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 65
	[&quot;Pyrénées-Orientales, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 66
	[&quot;Bas-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 67
	[&quot;Haut-Rhin, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;}, -- 68
	[&quot;Rhône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 69D
	[&quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;, the = true}, -- 69M
	[&quot;Lyon Metropolis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Metropolis of Lyon, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;},
	[&quot;Haute-Saône, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 70
	[&quot;Saône-et-Loire, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 71
	[&quot;Sarthe, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 72
	[&quot;Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 73
	[&quot;Haute-Savoie, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 74
	[&quot;Paris, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 75
	[&quot;Seine-Maritime, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Normandy&quot;}, -- 76
	[&quot;Seine-et-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 77
	[&quot;Yvelines, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 78
	[&quot;Deux-Sèvres, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 79
	[&quot;Somme, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 80
	[&quot;Tarn, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 81
	[&quot;Tarn-et-Garonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 82
	[&quot;Var, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 83
	[&quot;Vaucluse, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 84
	[&quot;Vendée, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;}, -- 85
	[&quot;Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 86
	[&quot;Haute-Vienne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 87
	[&quot;Vosges, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (department)&quot;}, -- 88
	[&quot;Yonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 89
	[&quot;Territoire de Belfort, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bourgogne-Franche-Comté&quot;}, -- 90
	[&quot;Essonne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 91
	[&quot;Hauts-de-Seine, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 92
	[&quot;Seine-Saint-Denis, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 93
	[&quot;Val-de-Marne, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 94
	[&quot;Val-d'Oise, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 95
	--[&quot;Guadeloupe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guadeloupe&quot;}, -- 971
	--[&quot;Martinique&quot;] = {container = &quot;Martinique&quot;}, -- 972
	--[&quot;Guyane&quot;] = {container = &quot;French Guiana&quot;, wp = &quot;French Guiana&quot;}, -- 973
	--[&quot;La Réunion&quot;] = {container = &quot;Réunion&quot;, wp = &quot;Réunion&quot;}, -- 974
	--[&quot;Mayotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mayotte&quot;}, -- 976
}

export.france_departments_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;),
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;department&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;communes&quot;,
		{type = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, cat_as = &quot;communes&quot;},
	},
	data = export.france_departments,
}

export.germany_states = {
	[&quot;Baden-Württemberg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bavaria, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are effectively city-states and don't have districts ([[Kreise]]), so override
	-- the default_divs setting. Better not to include them at all since they're included as cities down below.
	-- [&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Brandenburg, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	-- [&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {divs = {}},
	[&quot;Hesse, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lower Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, เยอรมนี&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Rhine-Westphalia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rhineland-Palatinate, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saarland, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Saxony-Anhalt, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Schleswig-Holstein, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Thuringia, เยอรมนี&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Germany
export.germany_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	data = export.germany_states,
}

export.greece_regions = {
	[&quot;Attica, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (administrative region)&quot;},
	[&quot;Central Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Crete, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Epirus, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;Ionian Islands, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	-- I would expect 'the Peloponnese' but Wikipedia mostly has categories like [[w:Category:Geography of Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- and [[w:Category:Buildings and structures in Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]; only [[w:Category:People from the Peloponnese (ภูมิภาค)]]
	-- has &quot;the&quot; in it.
	[&quot;Peloponnese, กรีซ&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (ภูมิภาค)&quot;},
	[&quot;South Aegean, กรีซ&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Thessaly, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Greece, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Macedonia, กรีซ&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Athos, กรีซ&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;Monastic community of Mount Athos&quot;},
}

-- regions of Greece
export.greece_group = {
	default_container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.greece_regions,
}

local india_polity_with_divisions = {&quot;divisions&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;}
local india_polity_without_divisions = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}

-- States and union territories of India. Only some of them are divided into divisions.
export.india_states_and_union_territories = {
	[&quot;Andaman and Nicobar Islands, อินเดีย&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Andhra Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Arunachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Assam, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Bihar, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Chhattisgarh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Goa, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Gujarat, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Haryana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Himachal Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jharkhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Karnataka, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Kerala, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Ladakh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Lakshadweep, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Madhya Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Maharashtra, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Manipur, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Meghalaya, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Mizoram, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Nagaland, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Odisha, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;, divs = india_polity_without_divisions,
		wp = &quot;%l (union territory)&quot;},
	[&quot;Pondicherry, อินเดีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Punjab, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajasthan, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Sikkim, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tamil Nadu, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Telangana, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Tripura, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_without_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttar Pradesh, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;Uttarakhand, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
	[&quot;West Bengal, อินเดีย&quot;] = {divs = india_polity_with_divisions},
}

-- states and union territories of India
export.india_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินเดีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.india_states_and_union_territories,
}

export.indonesia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Aceh, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bali, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bangka Belitung Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Banten, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bengkulu, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Central Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorontalo, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Jakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Jambi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lampung, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Maluku, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Riau, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Riau Islands, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Southeast Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southwest Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Java, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Kalimantan, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Nusa Tenggara, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Papua, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Sulawesi, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Sumatra, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;},
}

-- provinces of Indonesia
export.indonesia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อินโดนีเซีย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- per https://www.quora.com/Does-Indonesia-use-British-or-American-English, อินโดนีเซีย tends to use American
	-- spellings.
	data = export.indonesia_provinces,
}

export.iran_provinces = {
	[&quot;Alborz, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AL, capital [[w:Karaj]]
	[&quot;Ardabil, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation AR, capital [[w:Ardabil]]
	[&quot;Bushehr, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation BU, capital [[w:Bushehr]]
	[&quot;Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation CB, capital [[w:Shahr-e Kord]]
	[&quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation EA, capital [[w:Tabriz]]
	[&quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation FA, capital [[w:Shiraz]]
	[&quot;Pars, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Gilan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GN, capital [[w:Rasht]]
	[&quot;Golestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation GO, capital [[w:Gorgan]]
	[&quot;Hamadan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HA, capital [[w:Hamadan]]
	[&quot;Hormozgan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation HO, capital [[w:Bandar Abbas]]
	[&quot;Ilam, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IL, capital [[w:Ilam, อิหร่าน|Ilam]]
	[&quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation IS, capital [[w:Isfahan]]
	[&quot;Kerman, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KN, capital [[w:Kerman]]
	[&quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KE, capital [[w:Kermanshah]]
	[&quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KH, capital [[w:Ahvaz]]
	[&quot;Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KB, capital [[w:Yasuj]]
	[&quot;Kurdistan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation KU, capital [[w:Sanandaj]]
	[&quot;Lorestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation LO, capital [[w:Khorramabad]]
	[&quot;Markazi, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MA, capital [[w:Arak, อิหร่าน|Arak]]
	[&quot;Mazandaran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation MN, capital [[w:Sari, อิหร่าน|Sari]]
	[&quot;North Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation NK, capital [[w:Bojnord]]
	[&quot;Qazvin, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QA, capital [[w:Qazvin]]
	[&quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation QM, capital [[w:Qom]]
	[&quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation RK, capital [[w:Mashhad]]
	[&quot;Semnan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SE, capital [[w:Semnan, อิหร่าน|Semnan]]
	[&quot;Sistan and Baluchestan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SB, capital [[w:Zahedan]]
	[&quot;South Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation SK, capital [[w:Birjand]]
	[&quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation TE, capital [[w:Tehran]]
	[&quot;West Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation WA, capital [[w:Urmia]]
	[&quot;Yazd, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation YA, capital [[w:Yazd]]
	[&quot;Zanjan, อิหร่าน&quot;] = {}, -- abbreviation ZA, capital [[w:Zanjan, อิหร่าน|Zanjan]]
}

-- provinces of Iran
export.iran_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, อิหร่าน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, อิหร่าน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อิหร่าน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There aren't nearly enough counties of Iran currently entered in any language to allow for categorizing them
	-- per-province. (As of 2025-05-09, there are only 6 counties in each of [[Category:en:Counties of Iran]],
	-- [[Category:fa:Counties of Iran]] and [[Category:ar:Counties of Iran]].)
	-- default_divs = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.iran_provinces,
}

export.ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Carlow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cavan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Clare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Cork, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Donegal, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Galway, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kerry, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kildare, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Kilkenny, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Laois, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Leitrim, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Limerick, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Longford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Louth, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Mayo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Meath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Monaghan, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Offaly, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Roscommon, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Sligo, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Tipperary, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Waterford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Westmeath, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wexford, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Wicklow, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;] = {},
}

local function make_irish_type_key_to_placename(container_pattern)
	return function(key)
		key = key:gsub(container_pattern, &quot;&quot;)
		local elliptical_key = key:gsub(&quot;^County &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		return key, elliptical_key
	end
end

local function make_irish_type_placename_to_key(container_suffix)
	return function(placename)
		if not placename:find(&quot;^County &quot;) and not placename:find(&quot;^City &quot;) then
			placename = &quot;County &quot; .. placename
		end
		return placename .. container_suffix
	end
end

-- counties of Ireland
export.ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.ireland_counties,
}

export.italy_administrative_regions = {
	[&quot;Abruzzo, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aosta Valley, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Apulia, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Basilicata, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Calabria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campania, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Emilia-Romagna, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Lazio, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Liguria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lombardy, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marche, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Molise, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Piedmont, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sardinia, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Sicily, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Tuscany, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Umbria, Italy&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veneto, Italy&quot;] = {},
}

-- administrative regions of Italy
export.italy_group = {
	default_container = &quot;อิตาลี&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.italy_administrative_regions,
}

-- table of Japanese prefectures; interpolated into the main 'places' table, but also needed separately
export.japan_prefectures = {
	[&quot;ไอจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อากิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อาโอโมริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จิบะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เอฮิเมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูอิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฟูกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กิฟุ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;กุมมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮิโรชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮกไกโด, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {divs = &quot;กิ่งจังหวัด&quot;, wp = &quot;ฮกไกโด&quot;},
	[&quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Hyogo, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;เฮียวโงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;อิบารากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิชิกาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อิวาเตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คาโงชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;คานางาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Kochi, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โคจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;คูมาโมโตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เกียวโต, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิเอะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยางิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;มิยาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาโนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นางาซากิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นาระ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;นีงาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	--[&quot;Oita, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;โออิตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;โอกายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอกินาวะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โอซากะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซางะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไซตามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิงะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิมาเนะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ชิซูโอกะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทจิงิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทกูชิมะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ทตโตริ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;โทยามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;วากายามะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางาตะ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามางูจิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ยามานาชิ, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;] = {},
}

-- prefectures of Japan
export.japan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.japan_prefectures,
}

export.laos_provinces = {
	[&quot;Attapeu Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bokeo Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bolikhamxai Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Champasak Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Houaphanh Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Khammouane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Namtha Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luang Prabang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oudomxay Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Phongsaly Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Salavan Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Savannakhet Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vientiane Prefecture, Laos&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;prefecture&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Sainyabuli Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sekong Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xaisomboun Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Xiangkhouang Province, Laos&quot;] = {},
}

local function laos_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Vientiane Prefecture&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; Province$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; Province, Laos&quot;
end

-- provinces of Laos
export.laos_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Laos$&quot;, {&quot; Province$&quot;, &quot; Prefecture$&quot;}),
	placename_to_key = laos_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Laos&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;%e province&quot;,
	data = export.laos_provinces,
}

export.lebanon_governorates = {
	[&quot;Akkar Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beirut Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {},
	-- These two are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of `gov/North Governorate` or
	-- `gov/South Governorate` with `c/Lebanon`.
	[&quot;North Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;South Governorate, Lebanon&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- governorates of Lebanon
export.lebanon_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Lebanon$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Lebanon&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.lebanon_governorates,
}

export.malaysia_states = {
	[&quot;Johor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kedah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kelantan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Malacca, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pahang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Perlis, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sabah, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sarawak, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Selangor, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Terengganu, Malaysia&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Malaysia
export.malaysia_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.malaysia_states,
}

export.malta_regions = {
	-- Some of the regions are generic enough that we don't want to automatically augment a use of e.g.
	-- `r/Northern Region` with `c/Malta`. In particular;
	-- * &quot;Eastern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Iceland, Nigeria, Venezuela, North Macedonia and
	--   El Salvador;
	-- * &quot;Northern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Ghana, Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria, Canada and South Africa;
	-- * &quot;Western Region&quot; also occurs at least in Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, South Africa, Ghana, Iceland, Nepal, Nigeria,
	--   Serbia and Uganda;
	-- * &quot;Southern Region&quot; also occurs at least in Nigeria, Eritrea, Iceland, ไอร์แลนด์, Malawi and Serbia.
	[&quot;Eastern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Gozo Region, Malta&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Port Region, Malta&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
	[&quot;Western Region, Malta&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true},
}

-- regions of Malta
export.malta_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Malta$&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Malta&quot;, &quot; Region&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Malta&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	default_the = true,
	data = export.malta_regions,
}

export.mexico_states = {
	[&quot;Aguascalientes, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	-- not display-canonicalizing because the &quot;Norte&quot; could be for emphasis
	[&quot;Baja California Norte, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Baja California, Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Baja California Sur, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Campeche, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chiapas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Chihuahua, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Coahuila, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colima, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Durango, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guanajuato, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guerrero, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hidalgo, Mexico&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;Jalisco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Mexico, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;State of Mexico, Mexico&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	-- [&quot;Mexico City, Mexico&quot;] = {}, doesn't belong here because it's a city
	[&quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michoacan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Michoacán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Morelos, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nayarit, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nuevo Leon, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nuevo León, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Oaxaca, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Puebla, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queretaro, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Quintana Roo, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Sinaloa, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sonora, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tabasco, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tamaulipas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tlaxcala, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Veracruz, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yucatan, Mexico&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yucatán, Mexico&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zacatecas, Mexico&quot;] = {},
}

-- Mexican states
export.mexico_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_states,
}

export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units = {
	[&quot;Anenii Noi District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Anenii Noi]]
	[&quot;Basarabeasca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Basarabeasca]]
	[&quot;Briceni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Briceni]]
	[&quot;Cahul District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cahul]]
	[&quot;Cantemir District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cantemir, Moldova|Cantemir]]
	[&quot;Călărași District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Călărași, Moldova|Călărași]]
	[&quot;Căușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Căușeni]]
	[&quot;Cimișlia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cimișlia]]
	[&quot;Criuleni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Criuleni]]
	[&quot;Dondușeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dondușeni]]
	[&quot;Drochia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Drochia]]
	[&quot;Dubăsari District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cocieri]]
	[&quot;Edineț District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Edineț]]
	[&quot;Fălești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Fălești]]
	[&quot;Florești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Florești, Moldova|Florești]]
	[&quot;Glodeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Glodeni]]
	[&quot;Hîncești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hîncești]]
	[&quot;Ialoveni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ialoveni]]
	[&quot;Leova District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Leova]]
	[&quot;Nisporeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nisporeni]]
	[&quot;Ocnița District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ocnița]]
	[&quot;Orhei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Orhei]]
	[&quot;Rezina District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rezina]]
	[&quot;Rîșcani District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rîșcani]]
	[&quot;Sîngerei District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sîngerei]]
	[&quot;Soroca District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Soroca]]
	[&quot;Strășeni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Strășeni]]
	[&quot;Șoldănești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Șoldănești]]
	[&quot;Ștefan Vodă District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ștefan Vodă]]
	[&quot;Taraclia District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Taraclia]]
	[&quot;Telenești District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Telenești]]
	[&quot;Ungheni District, Moldova&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ungheni]]
	[&quot;Chișinău, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Bălți, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gagauzia, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Comrat]]
	-- the remainder are under the de-facto control of the unrecognized state of Transnistria
	[&quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
	[&quot;Tighina, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bender, Moldova&quot;},
	[&quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;, &quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- capital [[Tiraspol]]
	[&quot;Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester, Moldova&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Transnistria, Moldova&quot;, the = true},
}

local function moldova_placename_to_key(placename)
	local elliptical_key = placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	if export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units[elliptical_key] then
		return elliptical_key
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Moldova&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Moldova&quot;
end

-- Moldovan districts (raions) and autonomous territorial units
export.moldova_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Moldova$&quot;, &quot; District&quot;),
	placename_to_key = moldova_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Moldova&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;raion&quot;},
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.moldova_districts_and_autonomous_territorial_units,
}

export.morocco_regions = {
	[&quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;L'Oriental, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Oriental, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra&quot;},
	[&quot;Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra&quot;},
	[&quot;Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Beni Mellal-Khenifra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Marrakesh–Safi&quot;}, -- WP title has en-dash
	[&quot;Marrakech-Safi, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Drâa-Tafilalet&quot;},
	[&quot;Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Draa-Tafilalet, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guelmim-Oued Noun, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies partly within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;
	},
	[&quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {
		wp = &quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra&quot;,
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies almost completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Morocco&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Morocco&quot;] = {
		keydesc = &quot;+++. '''NOTE:''' This region lies completely within the disputed territory of [[Western Sahara]]&quot;,
	},
}

-- regions of Morocco
export.morocco_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Morocco&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.morocco_regions,
}

export.egypt_governorates = {
	[&quot;Cairo Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giza Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sharqia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beheira Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minya Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sohag Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alexandria Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gharbia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asyut Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Monufia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faiyum Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qena Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Damietta Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aswan Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ismailia Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Luxor Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suez Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Port Said Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Matrouh Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Red Sea Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Valley Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Sinai Governorate, Egypt&quot;] = {},
}

-- governorates of Egypt
export.egypt_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Egypt$&quot;, &quot; Governorate$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Egypt&quot;, &quot; Governorate&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	data = export.egypt_governorates,
}

export.netherlands_provinces = {
	[&quot;Drenthe, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Flevoland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Friesland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gelderland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Groningen, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Limburg, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	-- Foreign forms get display-canonicalized.
	[&quot;Noord-Brabant, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Brabant, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Noord-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Overijssel, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zuid-Holland, Netherlands&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Utrecht, Netherlands&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Zeeland, Netherlands&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of the Netherlands
export.netherlands_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เนเธอร์แลนด์&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.netherlands_provinces,
}

export.new_zealand_regions = {
	-- North Island regions
	[&quot;Northland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NTL, number 1, capital [[Whangārei]]
	[&quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-AUK, number 2, capital [[Auckland]]
	[&quot;Waikato, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WKO, number 3, capital [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]]
	[&quot;Bay of Plenty, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-BOP, number 4, capital [[Whakatāne]]
	[&quot;Gisborne, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-GIS, number 5, capital [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]]
	[&quot;Hawke's Bay, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-HKB, number 6, capital [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]]
	[&quot;Taranaki, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TKI, number 7, capital [[Stratford, New Zealand|Stratford]]
	[&quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MWT, number 8, capital [[Palmerston North]]
	[&quot;Manawatu-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Manawatū-Whanganui, New Zealand&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Wellington, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WGN, number 9, capital [[Wellington]]
	-- South Island regions
	[&quot;Tasman, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-TAS, number 10, capital [[Richmond, New Zealand|Richmond]]
	[&quot;Nelson, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, is_city = true}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-NSN, number 11, capital [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]
	[&quot;Marlborough, New Zealand&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;district&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l District&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-MBH, number 12, capital [[Blenheim, New Zealand|Blenheim]]
	[&quot;West Coast, New Zealand&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-WTC, number 13, capital [[Greymouth]]
	[&quot;Canterbury, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-CAN, number 14, capital [[Christchurch]]
	[&quot;Otago, New Zealand&quot;] = {}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-OTA, number 15, capital [[Dunedin]]
	[&quot;Southland, New Zealand&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l Region&quot;}, -- ISO 3166-2 code NZ-STL, number 16, capital [[Invercargill]]
}

-- regions of New Zealand
export.new_zealand_group = {
	default_container = &quot;New Zealand&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	data = export.new_zealand_regions,
}

export.nigeria_states = {
	[&quot;Abia State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Adamawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Anambra State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bauchi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bayelsa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benue State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Borno State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cross River State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Delta State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ebonyi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Edo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ekiti State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Enugu State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;] = {
		-- not a state but allow it to be referenced as one in holonyms
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, the = true, wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Gombe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Imo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jigawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaduna State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kano State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Katsina State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kebbi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kogi State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kwara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lagos State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nasarawa State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Niger State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ogun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ondo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Osun State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oyo State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Plateau State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rivers State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sokoto State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taraba State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Yobe State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamfara State, Nigeria&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of Nigeria
export.nigeria_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Nigeria$&quot;, &quot; State$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Nigeria&quot;, &quot; State&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_states,
}

export.north_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;Chagang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hamgyong Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Hwanghae Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kangwon Province, North Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Pyongan Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ryanggang Province, North Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of North Korea
export.north_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, North Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, North Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;North Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.north_korea_provinces,
}

export.norwegian_counties = {
	[&quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rogaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Møre og Romsdal, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nordland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Østfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Akershus, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Buskerud, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Innlandet
	-- [&quot;Hedmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Oppland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Innlandet, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestfold, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Telemark, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Agder
	-- [&quot;Aust-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Vest-Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agder, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- the following two were merged into Vestland
	-- [&quot;Hordaland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sogn og Fjordane, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vestland, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Trøndelag, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Troms, Norway&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Finnmark, Norway&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Norway
export.norway_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Norway&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.norwegian_counties,
}

export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories = {
	[&quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;autonomous territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Azad Kashmir, Pakistan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Balochistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;] = {
		the = true,
		divs = {}, -- no divisions
		placetype = {&quot;federal territory&quot;, &quot;administrative territory&quot;, &quot;ดินแดน&quot;},
	},
	-- Islamabad is an accepted alias for Islamabad Capital Territory given the above placetypes
	[&quot;Islamabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Punjab, Pakistan&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Sindh, Pakistan&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces and territories of Pakistan
export.pakistan_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Pakistan&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;divisions&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_provinces_and_territories,
}

export.philippines_provinces = {
	[&quot;Abra, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Agusan del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Agusan del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aklan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Albay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Antique, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Apayao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aurora, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Basilan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bataan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Batangas, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Benguet, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Biliran, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bohol, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bukidnon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bulacan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cagayan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camarines Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Camiguin, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Capiz, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Catanduanes, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cavite, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cebu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao de Oro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Davao Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dinagat Islands, Philippines&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Eastern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guimaras, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ifugao, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilocos Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iloilo, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Isabela, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Kalinga, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Union, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Laguna, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Lanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maguindanao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Marinduque, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Masbate, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Misamis Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mountain Province, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Occidental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Negros Oriental, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Ecija, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Occidental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oriental Mindoro, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Palawan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pampanga, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pangasinan, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quezon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Quirino, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rizal, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Romblon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Samar, Philippines&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Sarangani, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Siquijor, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sorsogon, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Cotabato, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Southern Leyte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sultan Kudarat, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sulu, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surigao del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tarlac, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tawi-Tawi, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zambales, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines&quot;] = {},
	-- not a province but treated as one; allow it to be referred to as a province in holonyms
	[&quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
}

-- provinces of the Philippines
export.philippines_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Philippines&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;barangays&quot;},
	data = export.philippines_provinces,
}

export.poland_voivodeships = {
	[&quot;Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr DS, code 02, capital Wrocław
	[&quot;Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr KP, code 04, capital Bydgoszcz (seat of voivode), Toruń (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lublin Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LU, code 06, capital Lublin
	[&quot;Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr LB, code 08, capital Gorzów Wielkopolski (seat of voivode), Zielona Góra (seat of sejmik and marshal)
	[&quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Łódź Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr LD, code 10, capital Łódź
	[&quot;Łódź Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MA, code 12, capital Kraków
	[&quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr MZ, code 14, capital Warsaw
	[&quot;Opole Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr OP, code 16, capital Opole
	[&quot;Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PK, code 18, capital Rzeszów
	[&quot;Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PD, code 20, capital Białystok
	[&quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr PM, code 22, capital Gdańsk
	[&quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr SL, code 24, capital Katowice
	[&quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship&quot;}, -- abbr SK, code 26, capital Kielce
	[&quot;Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Holy Cross Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, display = true, display_as_full = true},
	[&quot;Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WN, code 28, capital Olsztyn
	[&quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr WP, code 30, capital Poznań
	[&quot;West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;] = {}, -- abbr ZP, code 32, capital Szczecin
}

-- voivodeships of Poland
export.poland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Poland$&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Poland&quot;, &quot; Voivodeship&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Poland&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		-- &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, -- not enough of them currently
		{type = &quot;Polish colonies&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;villages&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;}}},
	},
	data = export.poland_voivodeships,
}

export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions = {
	[&quot;Azores, Portugal&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Aveiro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Beja District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Braga District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bragança District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castelo Branco District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Coimbra District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Évora District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Faro District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Guarda District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leiria District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lisboa District, Portugal&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Madeira, Portugal&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;autonomous region&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portalegre District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Santarém District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Setúbal District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viana do Castelo District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vila Real District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Viseu District, Portugal&quot;] = {},
}

local function portugal_placename_to_key(placename)
	if placename == &quot;Azores&quot; or placename == &quot;Madeira&quot; then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	if placename:find(&quot; District$&quot;) then
		return placename .. &quot;, Portugal&quot;
	end
	return placename .. &quot; District, Portugal&quot;
end

-- districts and autonomous regions of Portugal
export.portugal_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Portugal$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = portugal_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Portugal&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;district&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.portugal_districts_and_autonomous_regions,
}

export.romania_counties = {
	[&quot;Alba County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arad County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Argeș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bacău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bihor County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Botoșani County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brașov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Brăila County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	-- Bucharest: not in a county
	[&quot;Buzău County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Caraș-Severin County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cluj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Constanța County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Covasna County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Călărași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dolj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dâmbovița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galați County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Giurgiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gorj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Harghita County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hunedoara County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ialomița County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iași County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ilfov County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maramureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mehedinți County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mureș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Neamț County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Olt County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Prahova County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Satu Mare County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sibiu County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suceava County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Sălaj County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Teleorman County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Timiș County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tulcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vaslui County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vrancea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vâlcea County, Romania&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Romania
export.romania_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Romania$&quot;, &quot; County$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Romania&quot;, &quot; County&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Romania&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;communes&quot;,
	data = export.romania_counties,
}

local function make_russia_federal_subject_spec(spectype, use_the, wp)
	return {
		placetype = spectype,
		the = not not use_the,
		bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, spectype .. &quot;s&quot;},
		wp = wp,
	}
end

local russia_autonomous_okrug_no_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;}}
local russia_autonomous_okrug_the =
	{placetype = {&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;, &quot;okrug&quot;}, bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous okrugs&quot;},
	 the = true}
local russia_krai = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;krai&quot;)
local russia_oblast = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;)
local russia_republic_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, &quot;use the&quot;)
local russia_republic_no_the = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;)
export.russia_federal_subjects = {
	-- autonomous oblasts
	[&quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia&quot;] =
		{the = true, placetype = {&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;},
		 bare_category_parent_type = {&quot;federal subjects&quot;, &quot;autonomous oblasts&quot;}},
	-- autonomous okrugs
	[&quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Chukotka, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Khanty-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Khantia-Mansia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yugra, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Nenetsia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;] = russia_autonomous_okrug_the,
	[&quot;Yamalia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&quot;},
	-- krais
	[&quot;Altai Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Kamchatka Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Khabarovsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Primorsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Stavropol Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	[&quot;Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia&quot;] = russia_krai,
	-- oblasts
	[&quot;Amur Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Astrakhan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Belgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Bryansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Irkutsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ivanovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kaluga Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kemerovo Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kirov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kostroma Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kurgan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Kursk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Leningrad Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Lipetsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Magadan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Moscow Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Murmansk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novgorod Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Omsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Orenburg Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Oryol Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Penza Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Pskov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Rostov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ryazan Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sakhalin Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Samara Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Saratov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Smolensk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tambov Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tomsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tula Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tver Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Tyumen Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vladimir Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Volgograd Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Vologda Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Voronezh Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	[&quot;Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia&quot;] = russia_oblast,
	-- republics
	--
	-- We only need to include cases that aren't just shortened versions of the full federal subject name (i.e. where
	-- words like &quot;Republic&quot; and &quot;Oblast&quot; are omitted but the name is not otherwise modified; these are handled by
	-- key_to_placename). Non-display-canonicalizing aliases are generally due to differences in the presence or absence
	-- of &quot;the&quot;.
	[&quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Adygea, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Adygea, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Bashkiria, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Buryatia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Buryatia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Dagestan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dagestan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Ingushetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ingushetia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Kalmykia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalmykia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Karelia&quot;),
	[&quot;Republic of Karelia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karelia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Khakassia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khakassia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Mordovia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mordovia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;North Ossetia–Alania&quot;), -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;North Ossetia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Alania, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;North Ossetia-Alania, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Republic of Tatarstan, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Altai Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	[&quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chechen Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chechnya, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Chuvash Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Chuvashia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkariya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia&quot;,
		display = &quot;Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Komi, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Komi Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Komi Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Komi, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Mari El Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mari El, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Sakha Republic&quot;),
	[&quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Yakutiya, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Yakutia, Russia&quot;},
	[&quot;Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sakha, Russia&quot;, display = &quot;Sakha Republic, Russia&quot;,
		the = true},
	[&quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Tyva, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Tyva Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tuva, Russia&quot;, display= &quot;Tuva Republic, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	[&quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_no_the,
	[&quot;Udmurt Republic, Russia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Udmurtia, Russia&quot;, the = true},
	-- Not included due to being unrecognized and only partly controlled:
	-- [&quot;Crimea, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;republic&quot;, nil, &quot;Republic of Crimea (Russia)&quot;)
	-- [&quot;Donetsk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Luhansk People's Republic, Russia&quot;] = russia_republic_the,
	-- [&quot;Zaporozhye Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast&quot;),
	-- [&quot;Kherson Oblast, Russia&quot;] = make_russia_federal_subject_spec(&quot;oblast&quot;, nil, &quot;Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast&quot;),
	-- There are also federal cities (not included because they're cities):
	-- Moscow, Saint Petersburg; Sevastopol (unrecognized; same status as for &quot;Crimea, Russia&quot; above)
}

local function russia_key_to_placename(key)
	key = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local full_placename = key
	if key == &quot;Jewish Autonomous Oblast&quot; then
		return full_placename, full_placename
	end
	local elliptical_placename
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		elliptical_placename = key:match(&quot;^(.*) &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;$&quot;)
		if elliptical_placename then
			return full_placename, elliptical_placename
		end
	end
	return full_placename, full_placename
end

local function russia_placename_to_key(placename)
	local key = placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
	if export.russia_federal_subjects[key] then
		return key
	end
	-- We allow the user to say e.g. &quot;obl/Samara&quot; in place of &quot;obl/Samara Oblast&quot;.
	for _, suffix in ipairs({&quot;Krai&quot;, &quot;Oblast&quot;}) do
		local suffixed_key = placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
		if export.russia_federal_subjects[suffixed_key] then
			return suffixed_key
		end
	end
	return placename .. &quot;, Russia&quot;
end

local function construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc(group, key, spec)
	local placename = key:gsub(&quot;,.*&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
	local linked_placename = export.construct_linked_placename(spec, placename)
	local placetype = spec.placetype
	if type(placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
		placetype = placetype[1]
	end
	if placetype == &quot;oblast&quot; then
		-- Hack: Oblasts generally don't have entries under &quot;Foo Oblast&quot;
		-- but just under &quot;Foo&quot;, so fix the linked key appropriately;
		-- doesn't apply to the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
		linked_placename = linked_placename:gsub(&quot; Oblast%]%]&quot;, &quot;%]%] Oblast&quot;)
	end
	return linked_placename .. &quot;, a [[federal subject]] ([[&quot; .. placetype .. &quot;]]) of [[Russia]]&quot;
end

-- federal subjects of Russia
export.russia_group = {
	key_to_placename = russia_key_to_placename,
	placename_to_key = russia_placename_to_key,
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_keydesc = construct_russia_federal_subject_keydesc,
	default_overriding_bare_label_parents = {&quot;federal subjects of Russia&quot;, &quot;+++&quot;},
	data = export.russia_federal_subjects,
}

export.saudi_arabia_provinces = {
	[&quot;Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	-- Name is too generic to assume it's in Saudi Arabia if not specified.
	[&quot;Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {no_auto_augment_container = true, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Medina Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;},
	[&quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Asir&quot;},
	[&quot;Asir Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Qassim Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Ḥa'il Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Ha'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ḥa'il Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hail Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Al-Jawf Province&quot;},
	[&quot;Al-Jawf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Najran Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northern Borders Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Al-Bahah Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Saudi Arabia
export.saudi_arabia_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Saudi Arabia$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Saudi Arabia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_provinces,
}

export.south_africa_provinces = {
	[&quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Free State, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (จังหวัด)&quot;},
	[&quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Limpopo, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mpumalanga, South Africa&quot;] = {},
	-- per Wikipedia and other sources, `North West` doesn't normally have `the` before it
	[&quot;North West, South Africa&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (South African province)&quot;},
	[&quot;Northern Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- provinces of South Africa
export.south_africa_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Africa&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	data = export.south_africa_provinces,
}

export.south_korea_provinces = {
	[&quot;North Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Chungcheong Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gangwon Province, South Korea&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Gyeonggi Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Jeolla Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Jeju Province, South Korea&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of South Korea
export.south_korea_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, South Korea$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, South Korea&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_provinces,
}

export.spain_autonomous_communities = {
	[&quot;Andalusia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Aragon, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Asturias, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Balearic Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Basque Country, Spain&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (autonomous community)&quot;},
	[&quot;Canary Islands, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Cantabria, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castile and León, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Castilla-La Mancha, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Castilla–La Mancha&quot;}, -- with en-dash
	[&quot;Catalonia, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Community of Madrid, Spain&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Extremadura, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Galicia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (Spain)&quot;},
	[&quot;La Rioja, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Murcia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Region of %l&quot;},
	[&quot;Navarre, Spain&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Valencian Community&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencian Community, Spain&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Spain&quot;, the = true},
}

-- autonomous communities of Spain
export.spain_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Spain&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;comarcas&quot;},
	data = export.spain_autonomous_communities,
}

export.taiwan_counties = {
	[&quot;จางฮว่า, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เจียอี้, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ซินจู๋, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ฮวาเหลียน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;จินเหมิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะจินเหมิน&quot;},
	[&quot;เหลียนเจียง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;หมู่เกาะหมาจู่&quot;},
	[&quot;เหมียวลี่, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;หนานโถว, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;เผิงหู, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;เผิงหู&quot;},
	[&quot;ผิงตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;ไถตง, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;อี๋หลาน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;ยฺหวินหลิน, ไต้หวัน&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Taiwan
export.taiwan_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไต้หวัน$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;townships&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_counties,
}

export.thailand_provinces = { --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
    -- กรุงเทพมหานคร (Bangkok - special administrative area)
    [&quot;อำนาจเจริญ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อ่างทอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บึงกาฬ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;บุรีรัมย์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ฉะเชิงเทรา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยนาท, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชัยภูมิ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;จันทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงใหม่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เชียงราย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชลบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ชุมพร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาฬสินธุ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กำแพงเพชร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กาญจนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ขอนแก่น, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;กระบี่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำปาง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลำพูน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เลย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ลพบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แม่ฮ่องสอน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มหาสารคาม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;มุกดาหาร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครนายก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครปฐม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครพนม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครราชสีมา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครสวรรค์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นครศรีธรรมราช, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;น่าน, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นราธิวาส, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองบัวลำภู, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;หนองคาย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;นนทบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปทุมธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปัตตานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พังงา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พัทลุง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พะเยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบูรณ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;เพชรบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิจิตร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พิษณุโลก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;พระนครศรีอยุธยา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;แพร่, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ภูเก็ต, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ปราจีนบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ประจวบคีรีขันธ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระนอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ราชบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ระยอง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ร้อยเอ็ด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระแก้ว, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สกลนคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรปราการ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสาคร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สมุทรสงคราม, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สระบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สตูล, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สิงห์บุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ศรีสะเกษ, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สงขลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุโขทัย, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุพรรณบุรี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุราษฎร์ธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;สุรินทร์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตาก, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตรัง, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ตราด, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุบลราชธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุดรธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุทัยธานี, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;อุตรดิตถ์, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยะลา, ไทย&quot;] = {},
    [&quot;ยโสธร, ไทย&quot;] = {},
}

-- provinces of Thailand
export.thailand_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, ไทย$&quot;), --ไม่ต้องเติม จังหวัด
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, ไทย&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไทย&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.thailand_provinces,
}

export.turkey_provinces = {
	[&quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 01
	[&quot;Adıyaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 02
	[&quot;Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 03
	[&quot;Ağrı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 04
	[&quot;Amasya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 05
	[&quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 06
	[&quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 07
	[&quot;Artvin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 08
	[&quot;Aydın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 09
	[&quot;Balıkesir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 10
	[&quot;Bilecik Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 11
	[&quot;Bingöl Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 12
	[&quot;Bitlis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 13
	[&quot;Bolu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 14
	[&quot;Burdur Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 15
	[&quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 16
	[&quot;Çanakkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 17
	[&quot;Çankırı Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 18
	[&quot;Çorum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 19
	[&quot;Denizli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 20
	[&quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 21
	[&quot;Edirne Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 22
	[&quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 23
	[&quot;Elâzığ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Elazığ Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Erzincan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 24
	[&quot;Erzurum Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 25
	[&quot;Eskişehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 26
	[&quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 27
	[&quot;Giresun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 28
	[&quot;Gümüşhane Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 29
	[&quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 30
	[&quot;Hakkari Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hakkâri Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hatay Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 31
	[&quot;Isparta Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 32
	[&quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 33
	-- [&quot;Istanbul Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 34; this is coextensive with the city itself
	[&quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 35
	[&quot;Izmir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kars Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 36
	[&quot;Kastamonu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 37
	[&quot;Kayseri Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 38
	[&quot;Kırklareli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 39
	[&quot;Kırşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 40
	[&quot;Kocaeli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 41
	[&quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 42
	[&quot;Kütahya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 43
	[&quot;Malatya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 44
	[&quot;Manisa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 45
	[&quot;Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 46
	[&quot;Mardin Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 47
	[&quot;Muğla Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 48
	[&quot;Muş Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 49
	[&quot;Nevşehir Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 50
	[&quot;Niğde Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 51
	[&quot;Ordu Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 52
	[&quot;Rize Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 53
	[&quot;Sakarya Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 54
	[&quot;Samsun Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 55
	[&quot;Siirt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 56
	[&quot;Sinop Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 57
	[&quot;Sivas Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 58
	[&quot;Tekirdağ Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 59
	[&quot;Tokat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 60
	[&quot;Trabzon Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 61
	[&quot;Tunceli Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 62
	[&quot;Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 63
	[&quot;Uşak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 64
	[&quot;Van Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 65
	[&quot;Yozgat Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 66
	[&quot;Zonguldak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 67
	[&quot;Aksaray Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 68
	[&quot;Bayburt Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 69
	[&quot;Karaman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 70
	[&quot;Kırıkkale Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 71
	[&quot;Batman Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 72
	[&quot;Şırnak Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 73
	[&quot;Bartın Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 74
	[&quot;Ardahan Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 75
	[&quot;Iğdır Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 76
	[&quot;Yalova Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 77
	[&quot;Karabük Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 78
	[&quot;Kilis Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 79
	[&quot;Osmaniye Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 80
	[&quot;Düzce Province, Turkey&quot;] = {}, -- code 81
}

-- provinces of Turkey
export.turkey_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Turkey$&quot;, &quot; Province$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Turkey&quot;, &quot; Province&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Turkey&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	data = export.turkey_provinces,
}

export.ukraine_oblasts = {
	[&quot;Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cherkasy]], license plate prefix CA, IA
	[&quot;Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernihiv]], license plate prefix CB, IB
	[&quot;Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Chernivtsi]], license plate prefix CE, IE
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Dnipro Oblast'
	[&quot;Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Dnipro]], license plate prefix AE, KE
	[&quot;Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Donetsk]] ([[Kramatorsk]])'', license plate prefix AH, KH
	[&quot;Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ivano-Frankivsk]], license plate prefix AT, KT
	[&quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kharkiv]], license plate prefix AX, KX
	[&quot;Kherson Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Kherson]]'', license plate prefix ''BT, HT''
	[&quot;Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Khmelnytskyi]], license plate prefix BX, HX
	-- apparently will be renamed to 'Kropyvnytskyi Oblast'
	[&quot;Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kropyvnytskyi]], license plate prefix BA, HA
	[&quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kyiv]], license plate prefix AI, KI
	[&quot;Kiev Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Luhansk]] ([[Sievierodonetsk]])'', license plate prefix BB, HB
	[&quot;Lviv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lviv]], license plate prefix BC, HC
	[&quot;Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mykolaiv]], license plate prefix BE, HE
	[&quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Odesa]], license plate prefix BH, HH
	[&quot;Odessa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poltava Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Poltava]], license plate prefix BI, HI
	[&quot;Rivne Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rivne]], license plate prefix BK, HK
	[&quot;Sumy Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sumy]], license plate prefix BM, HM
	[&quot;Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ternopil]], license plate prefix BO, HO
	[&quot;Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinnytsia]], license plate prefix AB, KB
	[&quot;Volyn Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lutsk]], license plate prefix AC, KC
	[&quot;Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Uzhhorod]], license plate prefix AO, KO
	[&quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital ''[[Zaporizhzhia]]'', license plate prefix AP, KP
	[&quot;Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Zhytomyr]], license plate prefix AM, KM
}

-- oblasts of Ukraine
export.ukraine_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, Ukraine$&quot;, &quot; Oblast$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, Ukraine&quot;, &quot; Oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;raions&quot;, &quot;hromadas&quot;},
	data = export.ukraine_oblasts,
}

export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries = {
	[&quot;England&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		{type = &quot;civil parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Northern Ireland&quot;] = {
		placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Scotland&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;council areas&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	}},
	[&quot;Wales&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		{type = &quot;county boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
		{type = &quot;Welsh communities&quot;, cat_as = {{type = &quot;communities&quot;, container_parent_type = false}}},
	}},
}

-- constituent countries and provinces of the United Kingdom
export.united_kingdom_group = {
	placename_to_key = false,
	default_container = &quot;สหราชอาณาจักร&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;constituent country&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		&quot;traditional counties&quot;,
		{type = &quot;historical counties&quot;, cat_as = &quot;traditional counties&quot;},
	},
	-- Don't create categories like 'Category:en:Towns in the United Kingdom'
	-- or 'Category:en:Places in the United Kingdom'.
	default_no_container_cat = true,
	data = export.united_kingdom_constituent_countries,
}

export.england_counties = {
	-- NOTE: We used to have various other &quot;no longer&quot; counties commented out, which seems to refer to counties that
	-- existed officially at some point between 1889 and 1974, which I have removed. I have only kept the three
	-- ceremonial counties that existed from 1974 (when ceremonial counties were created) to 1996, as well as those
	-- still considered &quot;historic counties&quot; per [[w:Historic counties of England]].
	-- [&quot;Avon, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Bedfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Berkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Brighton and Hove, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	-- [&quot;Bristol, England&quot;] = {}, -- city
	[&quot;Buckinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cambridgeshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Cheshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cleveland, England&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	[&quot;Cornwall, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Cumberland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Cumbria, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Derbyshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Devon, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dorset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Durham, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Essex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gloucestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater London, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Greater Manchester, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hampshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Herefordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Hertfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Humberside, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (1974 to 1996)
	-- [&quot;Huntingdonshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Isle of Wight, England&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Kent, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lancashire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Leicestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Lincolnshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Merseyside, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Middlesex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Norfolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northamptonshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Northumberland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nottinghamshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oxfordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Rutland, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Shropshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Somerset, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Humberside, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staffordshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Suffolk, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Surrey, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Sussex, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;Tyne and Wear, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Warwickshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Midlands, England&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l (county)&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Westmorland, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;West Sussex, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wiltshire, England&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Worcestershire, England&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {}, -- no longer (historic county)
	[&quot;East Riding of Yorkshire, England&quot;] = {the = true},
}

-- counties of England
export.england_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	default_divs = {
		&quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		{type = &quot;local government districts&quot;, cat_as = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
		{
			type = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
			cat_as = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;},
		},
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, cat_as = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;boroughs&quot;}},
		&quot;civil parishes&quot;,
	},
	data = export.england_counties,
}

export.northern_ireland_counties = {
	[&quot;County Antrim, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Armagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Belfast, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Belfast&quot;},
	[&quot;County Down, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;County Londonderry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Derry, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {the = true, is_city = true, wp = &quot;Derry&quot;},
	[&quot;County Tyrone, Northern Ireland&quot;] = {},
}

-- counties of Northern Ireland
export.northern_ireland_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_irish_type_key_to_placename(&quot;, Northern Ireland$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_irish_type_placename_to_key(&quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;),
	default_container = {key = &quot;Northern Ireland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	data = export.northern_ireland_counties,
}

export.scotland_council_areas = {
	[&quot;Aberdeenshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Angus, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Argyll and Bute, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Aberdeen&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Aberdeen City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Aberdeen, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Dundee&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Dundee City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Dundee, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Glasgow&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;},
	[&quot;Clackmannanshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;East Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Falkirk, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Fife, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Highland, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;Inverclyde, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Midlothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Moray, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Orkney Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Perth and Kinross, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Renfrewshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Scottish Borders, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Shetland Islands, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;South Ayrshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Lanarkshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Stirling, Scotland&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l council area&quot;},
	[&quot;West Dunbartonshire, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;West Lothian, Scotland&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;Outer Hebrides&quot;},
	[&quot;Na h-Eileanan Siar, Scotland&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Western Isles, Scotland&quot;},
}

-- council areas of Scotland
export.scotland_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;council area&quot;,
	data = export.scotland_council_areas,
}

export.wales_principal_areas = {
	[&quot;Blaenau Gwent, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Bridgend, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Caerphilly, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	-- [&quot;Cardiff, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Carmarthenshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Ceredigion, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Conwy, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Denbighshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Flintshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Gwynedd, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {the = true, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Anglesey, Wales&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isle of Anglesey, Wales&quot;}, -- differs in &quot;the&quot;
	[&quot;Merthyr Tydfil, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
	[&quot;Monmouthshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Neath Port Talbot, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Newport, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Pembrokeshire, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Powys, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
	[&quot;Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales&quot;] = {},
	-- [&quot;Swansea, Wales&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Torfaen, Wales&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vale of Glamorgan, Wales&quot;] = {the = true},
	[&quot;Wrexham, Wales&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l County Borough&quot;},
}

-- principal areas (cities, counties and county boroughs) of Wales
export.wales_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	data = export.wales_principal_areas,
}

export.united_states_states = {
	[&quot;Alabama, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Alaska, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;borough seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Arizona, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Arkansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;California, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Colorado, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Connecticut, USA&quot;] = {divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Delaware, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Florida, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Georgia, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (U.S. state)&quot;},
	[&quot;Hawaii, USA&quot;] = {addl_parents = {&quot;พอลินีเชีย&quot;}},
	[&quot;Idaho, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Illinois, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Indiana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Iowa, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kansas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kentucky, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Louisiana, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		{type = &quot;parishes&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		{type = &quot;parish seats&quot;, container_parent_type = &quot;county seats&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Maine, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Maryland, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Massachusetts, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Michigan, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Minnesota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Mississippi, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Missouri, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Montana, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nebraska, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Nevada, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Hampshire, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Jersey, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;New Mexico, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New York, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;North Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;North Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ohio, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oklahoma, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Oregon, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Pennsylvania, USA&quot;] = {divs = {
		&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;,
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	}},
	[&quot;Rhode Island, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Carolina, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;South Dakota, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tennessee, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Texas, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Utah, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Vermont, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Washington, USA&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l (รัฐ)&quot;},
	[&quot;West Virginia, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wisconsin, USA&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Wyoming, USA&quot;] = {},
}

-- states of the United States
export.united_states_group = {
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, USA&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	default_divs = {&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, &quot;county seats&quot;},
	addl_divs = {
		{type = &quot;census-designated places&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		{type = &quot;unincorporated communities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
	},
	data = export.united_states_states,
}

export.vietnam_provinces = {
	-- [[Northeast (Vietnam)|Northeast]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Giang]]
	[&quot;Bắc Kạn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Kạn]]
	[&quot;Cao Bằng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Bằng]]
	[&quot;Hà Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Giang]]
	[&quot;Lạng Sơn, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lạng Sơn]]
	[&quot;Phú Thọ, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Việt Trì]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hạ Long]]
	[&quot;Thái Nguyên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Nguyên]]
	[&quot;Tuyên Quang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuyên Quang]]

	-- [[Northwest (Vietnam)|Northwest]] region
	[&quot;Lào Cai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lào Cai]]
	[&quot;Yên Bái, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Yên Bái]]
	[&quot;Điện Biên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Điện Biên Phủ]]
	[&quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hoà Bình City|Hoà Bình]]
	[&quot;Hòa Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hoà Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lai Châu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Lai Châu]]
	[&quot;Sơn La, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sơn La]]

	-- [[Red River Delta]] region
	[&quot;Bắc Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bắc Ninh]]
	[&quot;Hà Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phủ Lý]]
	[&quot;Hải Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hải Dương]]
	[&quot;Hưng Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hưng Yên]]
	[&quot;Nam Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nam Định]]
	[&quot;Ninh Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Ninh Bình|Hoa Lư]]
	[&quot;Thái Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thái Bình]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Phúc, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Yên]]
	-- [&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hoàn Kiếm district]]
	-- [&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hồng Bàng district]]

	-- [[North Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Hà Tĩnh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Hà Tĩnh]]
	[&quot;Nghệ An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vinh]]
	[&quot;Quảng Bình, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Hới]]
	[&quot;Quảng Trị, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đông Hà]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thanh Hoá]]
	[&quot;Thanh Hóa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Thanh Hoá, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	-- [&quot;Hue&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- capital [[Thuận Hoá district]]

	-- [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]] region
	[&quot;Đắk Lắk, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Buôn Ma Thuột]]
	[&quot;Đăk Nông, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Gia Nghĩa]]
	[&quot;Gia Lai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Pleiku]]
	[&quot;Kon Tum, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Kon Tum]]
	[&quot;Lâm Đồng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đà Lạt]]

	-- [[South Central Coast]] region
	[&quot;Bình Định, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quy Nhon]]
	[&quot;Bình Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Thiết]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Nha Trang]]
	[&quot;Khánh Hòa, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khánh Hoà, เวียดนาม&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ninh Thuận, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm]]
	[&quot;Phú Yên, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tuy Hoà]]
	[&quot;Quảng Nam, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tam Kỳ]]
	[&quot;Quảng Ngãi, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Quảng Ngãi]]
	-- [&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[Hải Châu district]]

	-- [[Southeast (Vietnam)|Southeast]] region
	[&quot;Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bà Rịa]]
	[&quot;Bình Dương, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Thủ Dầu Một]]
	[&quot;Bình Phước, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Đồng Xoài]]
	[&quot;Đồng Nai, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Biên Hoà]]
	[&quot;Tây Ninh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tây Ninh]]
	-- [&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}}, -- capital [[District 1, Ho Chi Minh City|'''District 1''']]

	-- [[Mekong Delta]] region
	[&quot;An Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Long Xuyên]]
	[&quot;Bạc Liêu, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bạc Liêu]]
	[&quot;Bến Tre, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Bến Tre]]
	[&quot;Cà Mau, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cà Mau]]
	[&quot;Đồng Tháp, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Cao Lãnh City|Cao Lãnh]]
	[&quot;Hậu Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vị Thanh]]
	[&quot;Kiên Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Rạch Giá]]
	[&quot;Long An, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Tân An]]
	[&quot;Sóc Trăng, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Sóc Trăng]]
	[&quot;Tiền Giang, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Mỹ Tho]]
	[&quot;Trà Vinh, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Trà Vinh]]
	[&quot;Vĩnh Long, เวียดนาม&quot;] = {}, -- capital [[Vĩnh Long]]
	-- [&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;}, wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
}

-- provinces of Vietnam
export.vietnam_group = {
	key_to_placename = make_key_to_placename(&quot;, เวียดนาม$&quot;),
	placename_to_key = make_placename_to_key(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	-- For obscure reasons, provinces of Iran, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam use lowercase 'province'
	default_wp = &quot;จังหวัด%e&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_provinces,
}


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                      City data                                --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

export.australia_cities = {
	[&quot;Adelaide&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Australia&quot;}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brisbane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Queensland&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Conglomeration; including the Gold Coast [750,997 2024 estiamte])
	[&quot;Canberra&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Australian Capital Territory, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;}}, -- 510,641 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Melbourne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Victoria&quot;}, -- 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 534,033 (2024 estimate)
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle, New South Wales&quot;},
	[&quot;Perth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Western Australia&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Sydney&quot;] = {container = &quot;New South Wales&quot;}, -- 5,100,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.australia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ออสเตรเลีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.australia_cities,
}

export.brazil_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;São Paulo&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 22,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Guarulhos)
	[&quot;Sao Paulo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio de Janeiro&quot;}, -- 13,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Belo Horizonte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minas Gerais&quot;}, -- 5,300,000
	[&quot;Recife&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pernambuco&quot;}, -- 4,100,000
	[&quot;Porto Alegre&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Sul&quot;}, -- 3,950,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Brasília&quot;] = {container = &quot;Distrito Federal&quot;}, -- 3,850,000
	[&quot;Brasilia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Brasília&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fortaleza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ceará&quot;}, -- 3,825,000
	[&quot;Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bahia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l (%c)&quot;}, -- 3,400,000
	[&quot;Curitiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 3,375,000
	[&quot;Campinas&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 3,250,000
	[&quot;Goiânia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Goiás&quot;}, -- 2,525,000
	[&quot;Goiania&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Goiânia&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Manaus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Amazonas&quot;}, -- 2,275,000
	[&quot;Belém&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pará&quot;}, -- 2,200,000
	[&quot;Belem&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Belém&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Vitória&quot;] = {container = &quot;Espírito Santo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000
	[&quot;Vitoria&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vitória&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,760,000
	[&quot;São Luís&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maranhão&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,530,000
	[&quot;Sao Luis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São Luís&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Natal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rio Grande do Norte&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Florianópolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Santa Catarina&quot;}, -- 1,260,000
	[&quot;Florianopolis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Florianópolis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maceió&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alagoas&quot;}, -- 1,220,000
	[&quot;Maceio&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Maceió&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;João Pessoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraíba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,210,000
	[&quot;Joao Pessoa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;João Pessoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;São José dos Campos&quot;] = {container = &quot;São Paulo&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Sao Jose dos Campos&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;São José dos Campos&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Londrina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraná&quot;}, -- 1,050,000
	[&quot;Teresina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piauí&quot;}, -- 1,040,000
}

export.brazil_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, บราซิล&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.brazil_cities,
}

export.canada_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-27; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Toronto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 7,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Hamilton)
	[&quot;Montreal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 4,500,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Vancouver&quot;] = {container = &quot;British Columbia&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Calgary&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Edmonton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alberta&quot;}, -- 1,460,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Ottawa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quebec City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Quebec&quot;}, -- 839,311 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Winnipeg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Manitoba&quot;}, -- 834,678 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Hamilton&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 785,184 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
	[&quot;Kitchener&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ontario&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 575,847 metro per Wikipedia (2021 census)
}

export.canada_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Canada&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.canada_cities,
}

export.france_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Paris&quot;] = {container = &quot;Île-de-France&quot;}, -- 11,500,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes&quot;}, -- 2,050,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Lyons&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lyon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Marseille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Marseilles&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marseille&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lille&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hauts-de-France&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Bordeaux&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nouvelle-Aquitaine&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Toulouse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Occitania&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Conglomeration)
	[&quot;Nice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur&quot;},
	[&quot;Nantes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pays de la Loire&quot;},
	[&quot;Strasbourg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Grand Est&quot;},
	[&quot;Rennes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Brittany&quot;},
}

export.france_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ฝรั่งเศส&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.france_cities,
}

export.germany_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	-- listed under Rhein-Ruhr Area, total population 10,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cologne&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Köln&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cologne&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Dusseldorf&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Düsseldorf&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dortmund&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Essen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Duisberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;},
	[&quot;Berlin&quot;] = {}, -- 4,700,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hesse&quot;}, -- 3,225,000
	[&quot;Frankfurt am Main&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Frankfurt&quot;}, -- not a display alias as it's longer
	[&quot;Hamburg&quot;] = {}, -- 2,900,000
	[&quot;Munich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Stuttgart&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 2,300,000
	[&quot;Mannheim&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baden-Württemberg&quot;}, -- 1,550,000
	[&quot;Nuremberg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bavaria&quot;}, -- 1,120,000
	[&quot;Hanover&quot;] = {&quot;Lower Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,090,000
	[&quot;Bielefeld&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Leipzig&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saxony&quot;}, -- 1,080,000
	[&quot;Aachen&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Rhine-Westphalia&quot;}, -- 1,000,000
	[&quot;Aix-la-Chapelle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aachen&quot;}, -- historical; not a display alias
	[&quot;Bremen&quot;] = {},
}

export.germany_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;เยอรมนี&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เยอรมนี&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.germany_cities,
}

export.india_cities = {
	-- This lists the 65 metro areas per Demographia's 2023 estimates, as found in
	-- [[w:List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India]]. The last census in India (as of April 2025) was
	-- conducted in 2011, and the results are not accurate any more.
	[&quot;Delhi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Delhi, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 31,190,000
	[&quot;Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 25,189,000
	[&quot;Kolkata&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 21,747,000
	[&quot;Bangalore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Bengaluru&quot;}, -- 15,257,000
	[&quot;Bengaluru&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bangalore&quot;},
	[&quot;Chennai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 11,570,000
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Telangana&quot;}, -- 9,797,000
	[&quot;Ahmedabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 8,006,000
	[&quot;Pune&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 6,819,000
	[&quot;Surat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 6,601,000
	[&quot;Lucknow&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,661,000
	[&quot;Jaipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 4,360,000
	[&quot;Kanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 4,350,000
	[&quot;Indore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,765,000
	[&quot;Nagpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 3,493,000
	[&quot;Patna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bihar&quot;}, -- 3,331,000
	[&quot;Varanasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 3,229,000
	[&quot;Kozhikode&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 3,049,000
	[&quot;Thiruvananthapuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,851,000
	[&quot;Agra&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,737,000
	[&quot;Bhopal&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,562,000
	[&quot;Coimbatore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,551,000
	[&quot;Allahabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;, wp = &quot;Prayagraj&quot;}, -- 2,438,000
	[&quot;Prayagraj&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Allahabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Kochi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 2,381,000
	[&quot;Ludhiana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,205,000
	[&quot;Vadodara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 2,182,000
	[&quot;Chandigarh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chandigarh, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 2,168,000
	[&quot;Madurai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 2,048,000
	[&quot;Meerut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,011,000
	[&quot;Visakhapatnam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 2,005,000
	[&quot;Jamshedpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,925,000
	[&quot;Malappuram&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,868,000
	[&quot;Nashik&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,810,000
	[&quot;Asansol&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,720,000
	[&quot;Aligarh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,660,000
	[&quot;Ranchi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,638,000
	[&quot;Thrissur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,578,000
	[&quot;Kollam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,576,000
	[&quot;Jabalpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,533,000
	[&quot;Dhanbad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jharkhand&quot;}, -- 1,503,000
	[&quot;Jodhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,497,000
	[&quot;Aurangabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,490,000
	[&quot;Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Aurangabad&quot;},
	[&quot;Rajkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gujarat&quot;}, -- 1,487,000
	[&quot;Gwalior&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madhya Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,477,000
	[&quot;Raipur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,429,000
	[&quot;Gorakhpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,410,000
	[&quot;Kannur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kerala&quot;}, -- 1,360,000
	[&quot;Bareilly&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Guwahati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Assam&quot;}, -- 1,355,000
	[&quot;Moradabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,345,000
	[&quot;Amritsar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,313,000
	[&quot;Mysore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;}, -- 1,296,000
	[&quot;Bhilai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chhattisgarh&quot;}, -- 1,293,000
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg-Bhilai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Durg&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Bhilainagar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bhilai&quot;},
	[&quot;Vijayawada&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andhra Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,232,000
	[&quot;Srinagar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,212,000
	[&quot;Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,189,000
	[&quot;Kota&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rajasthan&quot;}, -- 1,172,000
	[&quot;Jalandhar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,165,000
	[&quot;Saharanpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,152,000
	[&quot;Dehradun&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttarakhand&quot;}, -- 1,136,000
	[&quot;Tiruchirappalli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tamil Nadu&quot;}, -- 1,131,000
	[&quot;Bhubaneswar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Odisha&quot;}, -- 1,112,000
	[&quot;Jammu&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Jammu and Kashmir, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,103,000
	[&quot;Solapur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,082,000
	[&quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Karnataka&quot;, wp = &quot;Hubli–Dharwad&quot;}, -- 1,062,000; wp with en dash
	[&quot;Hubli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Dharwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hubli-Dharwad&quot;},
	[&quot;Puducherry&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puducherry, อินเดีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;union territory&quot;}}, -- 1,024,000
	[&quot;Pondicherry&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Puducherry&quot;, display = true},
	-- satellite/secondary cities of metro area (none in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Ghaziabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uttar Pradesh&quot;}, -- 1,729,000 city, 2,358,525 urban agglomeration per 2011 census; 3,406,061 2025 estimate from official website; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Faridabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Haryana&quot;}, -- 1,414,050 city per 2011 census; part of Delhi metro area
	[&quot;Thane&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,841,488 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,246,381 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Kalyan-Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kalyan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivli&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Dombivali&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kalyan-Dombivli&quot;},
	[&quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,221,233 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Vasai&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Virar&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Vasai-Virar&quot;},
	[&quot;Navi Mumbai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,120,547 city per 2011 census; part of Mumbai metro area
	[&quot;Howrah&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Bengal&quot;}, -- 1,077,075 city (&quot;metropolis&quot;), 2,811,344 &quot;metro&quot; per 2011 census; part of Kolkata metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maharashtra&quot;}, -- 1,727,692 per 2011 census; part of Pune metro area
	[&quot;Pimpri Chinchwad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Pimpri-Chinchwad&quot;, display = true},
}

export.india_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินเดีย&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.india_cities,
}

export.indonesia_cities = {
	-- cities where the city proper has more than 1,000,000 people as of mid-2023 estimate
	[&quot;Jakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Capital Region of Jakarta&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;ตำบล&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	[&quot;Surabaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Bekasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Bandung&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Medan&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Depok&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Palembang&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Semarang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Makassar&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Sulawesi&quot;},
	[&quot;South Tangerang&quot;] = {container = &quot;Banten&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Batam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau Islands&quot;},
	[&quot;Bogor&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;}, -- part of Jakarta metro area
	[&quot;Pekanbaru&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riau&quot;},
	[&quot;Bandar Lampung&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lampung&quot;},
	-- other metro areas over 1,000,000 people
	[&quot;Padang&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Sumatra&quot;},
	[&quot;Samarinda&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Malang&quot;] = {container = &quot;East Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Yogyakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Special Region of Yogyakarta&quot;},
	[&quot;Denpasar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bali&quot;},
	[&quot;Cirebon&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Surakarta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Central Java&quot;},
	[&quot;Banjarmasin&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Kalimantan&quot;},
	[&quot;Tasikmalaya&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Java&quot;},
}

export.indonesia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, อินโดนีเซีย&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.indonesia_cities,
}

export.italy_cities = {
	-- Data per [[w:List_of_metropolitan_areas_of_Italy]]. There are several lists given; the most recent one, used
	-- here, only gives estimates as of Jan 1, 2014.
	[&quot;Milan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 6,623,798
	[&quot;Naples&quot;] = {container = &quot;Campania&quot;}, -- 5,294,546
	[&quot;Rome&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lazio&quot;}, -- 4,447,881
	[&quot;Turin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Piedmont&quot;}, -- 1,865,284
	[&quot;Venice&quot;] = {container = &quot;Veneto&quot;}, -- 1,645,900
	[&quot;Florence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tuscany&quot;}, -- 1,485,030
	[&quot;Bari&quot;] = {container = &quot;Apulia&quot;}, -- 1,257,459
	[&quot;Palermo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 1,183,084
	-- include a few just below 1,000,000 metro area that may be above it by now (depending on the definition).
	[&quot;Catania&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sicily&quot;}, -- 988,240
	[&quot;Brescia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lombardy&quot;}, -- 924,090
	[&quot;Genoa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liguria&quot;}, -- 861,318
}

export.italy_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Italy&quot;, &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.italy_cities,
}

export.japan_cities = {
	-- Population figures from [[w:List of cities in Japan]]. Metro areas from
	-- [[w:List of metropolitan areas in Japan]].
	[&quot;Tokyo&quot;] = {keydesc = &quot;[[Tokyo]] Metropolis, the [[capital city]] and a [[prefecture]] of [[Japan]] (which is a country in [[Asia]])&quot;,
		placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;},
		divs = {
			{type = &quot;special wards&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
			{type = &quot;cities&quot;, prep = &quot;ใน&quot;},
		},
	},
	[&quot;Yokohama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 3,697,894
	[&quot;Osaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 2,668,586
	[&quot;Nagoya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aichi&quot;}, -- 2,283,289
	-- FIXME, Hokkaido is handled specially.
	[&quot;Sapporo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hokkaido&quot;}, -- 1,918,096
	[&quot;Fukuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 1,581,527
	[&quot;Kobe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hyōgo&quot;}, -- 1,530,847
	[&quot;Kyoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyoto&quot;}, -- 1,474,570
	[&quot;Kawasaki&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 1,373,630
	[&quot;Saitama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saitama&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,192,418
	[&quot;Hiroshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hiroshima&quot;}, -- 1,163,806
	[&quot;Sendai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Miyagi&quot;}, -- 1,029,552
	-- the remaining cities are considered &quot;central cities&quot; in a 1,000,000+ metro area
	-- (sometimes there is more than one central city in the area).
	[&quot;Kitakyushu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Fukuoka&quot;}, -- 986,998
	[&quot;Chiba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chiba&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 938,695
	[&quot;Sakai&quot;] = {container = &quot;Osaka&quot;}, -- 835,333
	[&quot;Niigata&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niigata&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 813,053
	[&quot;Hamamatsu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;}, -- 811,431
	[&quot;Shizuoka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Shizuoka&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 710,944
	[&quot;Sagamihara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kanagawa&quot;}, -- 706,342
	[&quot;Okayama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Okayama&quot;}, -- 701,293
	[&quot;Kumamoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kumamoto&quot;}, -- 670,348
	[&quot;Kagoshima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kagoshima&quot;}, -- 605,196
	-- skipped 6 cities (Funabashi, Hachiōji, Kawaguchi, Himeji, Matsuyama, Higashiōsaka)
	-- with population in the range 509k - 587k because not central cities in any
	-- 1,000,000+ metro area.
	[&quot;Utsunomiya&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tochigi&quot;}, -- 507,833
}

export.japan_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;ญี่ปุ่น&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ญี่ปุ่น&quot;, &quot;prefecture&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.japan_cities,
}

export.mexico_cities = {
	[&quot;Mexico City&quot;] = {}, -- its own state
	[&quot;Monterrey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nuevo León&quot;},
	[&quot;Guadalajara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jalisco&quot;},
	[&quot;Puebla&quot;] = {container = &quot;Puebla&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Toluca&quot;] = {container = &quot;State of Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tijuana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
	-- Include the state in the category for León due to possible confusion with León, Spain.
	[&quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;] = {container = &quot;Guanajuato&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;León&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;},
	[&quot;Leon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;León, Guanajuato&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Querétaro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Queretaro&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Querétaro&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chihuahua&quot;},
	[&quot;Juárez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Juarez&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ciudad Juárez&quot;, display = &quot;Juárez&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreón&quot;] = {container = &quot;Coahuila&quot;},
	[&quot;Torreon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Torreón&quot;, display = true},
	-- Include the state in the category for Mérida due to possible confusion with Mérida, Spain or
	-- Mérida, Venezuela.
	[&quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yucatán&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mérida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;},
	[&quot;Merida&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mérida, Yucatán&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;] = {container = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;San Luis Potosi&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Luis Potosí&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aguascalientes&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aguascalientes&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;},
	[&quot;Mexicali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Baja California&quot;},
}

export.mexico_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Mexico&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Mexico&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.mexico_cities,
}

export.nigeria_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de unless otherwise indicated; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Lagos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lagos&quot;}, -- 21,300,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kano&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kano&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 5,350,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ibadan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oyo&quot;}, -- 3,400,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Abuja&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 3,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Port Harcourt&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rivers&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kaduna&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Benin City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Edo&quot;}, -- 1,790,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Abia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Nigeria&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Onitsha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Anambra&quot;}, -- 1,230,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Maiduguri&quot;] = {container = &quot;Borno&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Ilorin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kwara&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sokoto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sokoto&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Jos&quot;] = {container = &quot;Plateau&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Zaria&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kaduna&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Enugu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Enugu&quot;, wp = &quot;%l (city)&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
}

export.nigeria_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;Nigeria&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; State, Nigeria&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.nigeria_cities,
}

export.pakistan_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Karachi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;}, -- 21,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Lahore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 14,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Rawalpindi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Islamabad)
	[&quot;Islamabad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan&quot;, placetype = &quot;federal territory&quot;}}, -- 5,600,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Rawalpindi)
	[&quot;Faisalabad&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 4,125,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gujranwala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 3,450,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	-- there is also Hyderabad in India (very confusing)
	[&quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sindh&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Hyderabad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hyderabad, Pakistan&quot;},
	[&quot;Multan&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 2,425,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Peshawar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Khyber Pakhtunkhwa&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Quetta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Balochistan&quot;}, -- 1,720,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sargodha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sialkot&quot;] = {container = &quot;Punjab&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.pakistan_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Pakistan&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.pakistan_cities,
}

export.philippines_cities = {
	 -- Skipped some cities in Metro Manila (Taguig, Pasig) which don't have districts.
	 -- Other cities outside Metro Manila skipped as not central city in their urban area.
	[&quot;Quezon City&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Foo to Foo City as it may make the display weird.
	[&quot;Quezon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Quezon City&quot;},
	[&quot;Manila&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Davao City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Davao del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Davao&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Davao City&quot;},
	[&quot;Caloocan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Metro Manila, Philippines&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Zamboanga City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zamboanga del Sur&quot;},
	[&quot;Zamboanga&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zamboanga City&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cebu&quot;},
	[&quot;Cebu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cebu City&quot;},
	[&quot;Antipolo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rizal&quot;},
	[&quot;Cagayan de Oro&quot;] = {container = &quot;Misamis Oriental&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmariñas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Cavite&quot;},
	[&quot;Dasmarinas&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dasmariñas&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;General Santos&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Cotabato&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose del Monte&quot;] = {container = &quot;Bulacan&quot;},
	[&quot;Bacolod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Negros Occidental&quot;},
	[&quot;Calamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Laguna&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pampanga&quot;, wp = &quot;Angeles City&quot;},
	[&quot;Angeles City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Angeles&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Iloilo&quot;},
	[&quot;Iloilo&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Iloilo City&quot;},
}

export.philippines_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Philippines&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.philippines_cities,
}

export.russia_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de; retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Moscow&quot;] = {}, --  18,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saint Petersburg&quot;] = {}, -- 6,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Novosibirsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Novosibirsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,820,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Yekaterinburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sverdlovsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nizhny Novgorod&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nizhny Novgorod Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kazan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tatarstan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Chelyabinsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Chelyabinsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rostov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Rostov-na-Donu&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Rostov-on-Don&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Krasnodar&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnodar Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Samara&quot;] = {container = &quot;Samara Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Krasnoyarsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ufa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bashkortostan, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;republic&quot;}}, -- 1,230,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Saratov&quot;] = {container = &quot;Saratov Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Omsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Omsk Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,140,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Voronezh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Voronezh Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Volgograd&quot;] = {container = &quot;Volgograd Oblast&quot;}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Perm&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Perm Krai, Russia&quot;, placetype = &quot;krai&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Russia&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (Agglomeration)
}

export.russia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Russia&quot;, &quot;oblast&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;Russia&quot;,
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.russia_cities,
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities = {
	-- Figures for the first five from [[w:List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia]] as of 2022. Unclear if these are
	-- metro, urban or city proper figures.
	[&quot;Riyadh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Riyadh&quot;}, -- 7,000,100; 7,700,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jeddah&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 3,751,917; 3,950,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Jedda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jiddah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Jidda&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Jeddah&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Dammam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 2,638,166; 2,925,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mecca&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mecca&quot;}, -- 2,385,509; 2,675,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Makkah&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mecca&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medina&quot;] = {container = &quot;Medina&quot;}, -- 1,477,023; 1,530,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (City)
	[&quot;Hofuf&quot;] = {container = &quot;Eastern&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;] = {container = &quot;Aseer&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 per citypopulation.de 2025-01-01 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Khamis Mushayt&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Khamis Mushait&quot;, display = true},
}

export.saudi_arabia_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; Province, Saudi Arabia&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.saudi_arabia_cities,
}

export.south_korea_cities = {
	-- All cities listed are not associated with any county.
	[&quot;Seoul&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Busan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Incheon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daegu&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Daejeon&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Gwangju&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Ulsan&quot;] = {},
}

export.south_korea_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;South Korea&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot; County, South Korea&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.south_korea_cities,
}

export.spain_cities = {
	[&quot;Madrid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Community of Madrid&quot;},
	[&quot;Barcelona&quot;] = {container = &quot;Catalonia&quot;},
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Valencia&quot;},
	[&quot;Seville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Andalusia&quot;},
	[&quot;Bilbao&quot;] = {container = &quot;Basque Country&quot;},
}

export.spain_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, Spain&quot;, &quot;autonomous community&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.spain_cities,
}

export.taiwan_cities = {
	[&quot;New Taipei City&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;New Taipei&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New Taipei City&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Taichung&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Kaohsiung&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l, ไต้หวัน&quot;},
	[&quot;Taipei&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Taoyuan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Tainan&quot;] = {},
	-- these last three are not special municipalities
	[&quot;Chiayi&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Hsinchu&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	[&quot;Keelung&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
}

export.taiwan_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot; to make the key
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, ไต้หวัน&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_container = &quot;ไต้หวัน&quot;,
	default_placetype = {&quot;special municipality&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	default_divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;},
	data = export.taiwan_cities,
}

-- NOTE: It's OK to mix cities from different constituent countries; as long as the immediate container is correct,
-- everything else will be figured out.
export.united_kingdom_cities = {
	[&quot;London&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater London&quot;},
	[&quot;Manchester&quot;] = {container = &quot;Greater Manchester&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Midlands&quot;},
	[&quot;Liverpool&quot;] = {container = &quot;Merseyside&quot;},
	[&quot;Glasgow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Glasgow, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	[&quot;Leeds&quot;] = {container = &quot;West Yorkshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tyne and Wear&quot;},
	[&quot;Newcastle&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Newcastle upon Tyne&quot;},
	[&quot;Bristol&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;England&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Cardiff&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Portsmouth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Hampshire&quot;},
	[&quot;Edinburgh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;City of Edinburgh, Scotland&quot;, placetype = &quot;council area&quot;}},
	-- under 1,000,000 people but principal areas of Wales; requested by [[User:Donnanz]]
	[&quot;Swansea&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}},
	[&quot;Newport&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Wales&quot;, placetype = &quot;constituent country&quot;}, wp = &quot;Newport, Wales&quot;},
}

export.united_kingdom_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, England&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.united_kingdom_cities,
}

export.united_states_cities = {
	-- top 50 CSA's by population, with the top and sometimes 2nd or 3rd city listed
	[&quot;New York City&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, divs = {
		{type = &quot;boroughs&quot;, container_parent_type = false},
	}},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. in the context New York, New York).
	[&quot;New York&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;New York City&quot;},
	[&quot;Newark&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Jersey&quot;},
	[&quot;Los Angeles&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Long Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Riverside&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Chicago&quot;] = {container = &quot;Illinois&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;] = {wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Washington, DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington D.C.&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Washington DC&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;, display = true},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize as it may make the display weird (e.g. if the holonym is followed by a District of
	-- Columbia holonym).
	[&quot;Washington&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Washington, D.C.&quot;},
	[&quot;Baltimore&quot;] = {container = &quot;Maryland&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose in Costa Rica
	[&quot;San Jose, California&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Jose, California&quot;},
	[&quot;San Francisco&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Oakland&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Boston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Massachusetts&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Providence&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rhode Island&quot;},
	[&quot;Dallas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Fort Worth&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Philadelphia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Houston&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Miami&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Atlanta&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Detroit&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Phoenix&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Mesa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Seattle&quot;] = {container = &quot;Washington&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Orlando&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;Minneapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Minnesota&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cleveland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Denver&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;San Diego&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Portland&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oregon&quot;},
	[&quot;Tampa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;St. Louis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Saint Louis&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;St. Louis&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Charlotte&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Sacramento&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Pittsburgh&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Salt Lake City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Utah&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;San Antonio&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Columbus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;},
	[&quot;Kansas City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Missouri&quot;, wp = &quot;%l metropolitan area&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Indianapolis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Indiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Las Vegas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nevada&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Cincinnati&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ohio&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Austin&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Milwaukee&quot;] = {container = &quot;Wisconsin&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;, commonscat = &quot;%l, %c&quot;},
	[&quot;Raleigh&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Nashville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Virginia Beach&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Norfolk&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Greensboro&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Winston-Salem&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Jacksonville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Florida&quot;},
	[&quot;New Orleans&quot;] = {container = &quot;Louisiana&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Louisville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kentucky&quot;},
	[&quot;Greenville&quot;] = {container = &quot;South Carolina&quot;},
	[&quot;Hartford&quot;] = {container = &quot;Connecticut&quot;},
	[&quot;Oklahoma City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;, wp = &quot;%l&quot;},
	[&quot;Grand Rapids&quot;] = {container = &quot;Michigan&quot;},
	[&quot;Memphis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tennessee&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;] = {container = &quot;Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Birmingham&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Birmingham, Alabama&quot;},
	[&quot;Fresno&quot;] = {container = &quot;California&quot;},
	[&quot;Richmond&quot;] = {container = &quot;Virginia&quot;},
	[&quot;Harrisburg&quot;] = {container = &quot;Pennsylvania&quot;},
	-- any major city of top 50 MSA's that's missed by previous
	[&quot;Buffalo&quot;] = {container = &quot;New York&quot;},
	-- any of the top 50 city by city population that's missed by previous
	[&quot;El Paso&quot;] = {container = &quot;Texas&quot;},
	[&quot;Albuquerque&quot;] = {container = &quot;New Mexico&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucson&quot;] = {container = &quot;Arizona&quot;},
	[&quot;Colorado Springs&quot;] = {container = &quot;Colorado&quot;},
	[&quot;Omaha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nebraska&quot;},
	[&quot;Tulsa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oklahoma&quot;},
	-- skip Arlington, Texas; too obscure and likely to be interpreted as Arlington, Virginia
}

export.united_states_cities_group = {
	default_container = &quot;สหรัฐอเมริกา&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, USA&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	default_wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;,
	data = export.united_states_cities,
}

export.new_york_boroughs = {
	[&quot;Bronx&quot;] = {the = true, wp = &quot;The Bronx&quot;},
	[&quot;Brooklyn&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Manhattan&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Queens&quot;] = {},
	[&quot;Staten Island&quot;] = {},
}

export.new_york_boroughs_group = {
	default_container = {key = &quot;New York City&quot;, placetype = &quot;city&quot;},
	default_placetype = &quot;borough&quot;,
	default_is_city = true,
	data = export.new_york_boroughs,
}

export.vietnam_cities = {
	-- Figures from citypopulation.de (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;] = {}, -- 14,300,000 (Agglomeration; inclunding Bien Hoa)
	[&quot;Saigon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ho Chi Minh City&quot;},
	[&quot;Hanoi&quot;] = {}, -- 7,350,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Da Nang&quot;] = {}, -- 1,500,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Danang&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Da Nang&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Haiphong&quot;] = {}, -- 1,450,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Hai Phong&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Haiphong&quot;, display = true},
	-- This is the one entry in this list that is not a province-level municipality; instead it's a &quot;provincial city&quot;
	-- meaning it is directly under its province as opposed to being contained in a district.
	[&quot;Bien Hoa&quot;] = {placetype = &quot;city&quot;, container = &quot;Đồng Nai&quot;, wp = &quot;Biên Hòa&quot;}, -- 1,272,235 (2022 city population per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Biên Hòa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Biên Hoà&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bien Hoa&quot;, display = true},
	-- These two not in citypopulation.de because the urban population may be slightly under 1,000,000, but they are
	-- both province-level municipalities and close to the 1,000,000 mark.
	[&quot;Can Tho&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Cần Thơ&quot;}, -- 1,456,000 municipality (2019 census), 994,704 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); capital [[Ninh Kiều district]]
	[&quot;Cần Thơ&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Can Tho&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Hue&quot;] = {wp = &quot;Huế&quot;}, -- 1,257,000 municipality (2019 census), 840,000 urban (2022 General Statistics Office of Vietnam estimate); -- capital [[Thuận Hóa district]]
	[&quot;Huế&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Hue&quot;, display = true},
}

export.vietnam_cities_group = {
	placename_to_key = false, -- don't add &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot; to make the key
	default_container = &quot;เวียดนาม&quot;,
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(&quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;),
	-- Most of the cities listed are province-level municipalities in addition, which contain a certain amount of
	-- rural territory surrounding the city, but not enough to separate the municipality from the city as distinct
	-- known locations.
	default_placetype = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;city&quot;},
	default_is_city = true,
	-- There may not be enough districts to subcategorize like this.
	-- default_divs = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	data = export.vietnam_cities,
}

export.misc_cities = {
	------------------ Africa -------------------
	-- Sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated; combined with data from
	-- [[w:List of urban areas in Africa by population]].
	[&quot;Algiers&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 4,325,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Oran&quot;] = {container = &quot;แอลจีเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,640,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Luanda&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 9,650,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Benguela&quot;] = {container = &quot;แองโกลา&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Cotonou&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบนิน&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ouagadougou&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bobo-Dioulasso&quot;] = {container = &quot;บูร์กินาฟาโซ&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bujumbura&quot;] = {container = &quot;บุรุนดี&quot;}, -- 1,143,202 (Urban Area 2023 per PopulationStat, cited in Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Yaoundé&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (City)
	[&quot;Yaounde&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yaoundé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Douala&quot;] = {container = &quot;แคเมอรูน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangui&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง&quot;}, -- 1,680,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;N'Djamena&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชาด&quot;}, -- 1,950,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ndjamena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;N'Djamena&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kinshasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 16,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Lubumbashi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Mbuji-Mayi&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 2,500,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kananga&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Kisangani&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,300,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Bukavu&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,100,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Goma&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,010,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Tshikapa&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยคองโก&quot;}, -- 1,020,468 (2023 Wikipedia [[w:List of cities with over one million inhabitants]] from populationstat.com; not in citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Cairo&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 22,800,000 (Agglomeration, including Giza and Subhra El Kheima)
	[&quot;Alexandria&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 6,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Giza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 4,458,135 (2023 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Shubra El Kheima&quot;] = {container = &quot;อียิปต์&quot;}, -- 1,240,239 (2021 from citypopulation.de)
	[&quot;Asmara&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอริเทรีย&quot;}, -- 1,090,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Asmera&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Asmara&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Addis Ababa&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอธิโอเปีย&quot;}, -- 4,825,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Banjul&quot;] = {container = &quot;Gambia&quot;}, -- 1,170,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Accra&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 6,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kumasi&quot;] = {container = &quot;กานา&quot;}, -- 2,900,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Conakry&quot;] = {container = &quot;กินี&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Abidjan&quot;] = {container = &quot;โกตดิวัวร์&quot;}, -- 7,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nairobi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 6,900,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Mombasa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kenya&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (City)
	[&quot;Monrovia&quot;] = {container = &quot;Liberia&quot;}, -- 1,940,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tripoli&quot;] = {container = &quot;Libya&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Antananarivo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Madagascar&quot;}, -- 3,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lilongwe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malawi&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bamako&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mali&quot;}, -- 5,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Nouakchott&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mauritania&quot;}, -- 1,500,000 (City)
	[&quot;Casablanca&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Casablanca-Settat, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 4,450,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rabat&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 2,125,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tangier&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,410,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Tanger&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tangiers&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tangier&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fez&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fez-Meknes, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, Morocco&quot;}, -- 1,310,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Fes&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Fès&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Fez&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Agadir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Souss-Massa, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,270,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakesh&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,140,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Marrakech&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Marrakesh&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Maputo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mozambique&quot;}, -- 2,575,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Niamey&quot;] = {container = &quot;Niger&quot;}, -- 1,530,000 (City)
	[&quot;Brazzaville&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 2,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Pointe-Noire&quot;] = {container = &quot;Republic of the Congo&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kigali&quot;] = {container = &quot;Rwanda&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Dakar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 4,225,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Touba&quot;] = {container = &quot;Senegal&quot;}, -- 1,320,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Freetown&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sierra Leone&quot;}, -- 1,420,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mogadishu&quot;] = {container = &quot;โซมาเลีย&quot;}, -- 2,250,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Johannesburg&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 14,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; including Pretoria, Soweto, etc.)
	[&quot;Cape Town&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Western Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Durban&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,900,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Pretoria&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gauteng, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2,921,488 (2011 census)
	[&quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Eastern Cape, South Africa&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;Gqeberha&quot;}, -- 1,200,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Gqeberha&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Port Elizabeth&quot;}, -- official name; not a display alias
	[&quot;Khartoum&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sudan&quot;}, -- 7,200,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dar es Salaam&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 6,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,340,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mwanza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mwanza&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Arusha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,190,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zanzibar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tanzania&quot;}, -- 1,030,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Lomé&quot;] = {container = &quot;Togo&quot;}, -- 2,625,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lome&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lomé&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tunis&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 2,725,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Sousse&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tunisia&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Soussa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sousse&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kampala&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uganda&quot;}, -- 4,300,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Lusaka&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zambia&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Harare&quot;] = {container = &quot;Zimbabwe&quot;}, -- 2,675,000 (Agglomeration)

	------------------ Asia -------------------
	-- sorted by country and then within the country, by decreasing population; figures from citypopulation.de
	-- (retrieved 2025-04-26; reference date 2025-01-01) unless otherwise indicated.
	[&quot;Kabul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อัฟกานิสถาน&quot;}, -- 5,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Baku&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาเซอร์ไบจาน&quot;}, -- 3,725,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Manama&quot;] = {container = &quot;บาห์เรน&quot;}, -- 1,560,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Dhaka&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 23,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dacca&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Dhaka&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Chittagong&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chittagong Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gazipur&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Dhaka Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 2,674,697 (City per 2022; countied in citypopulation.de as part of Dhaka metro area)
	[&quot;Khulna&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khulna Division, บังกลาเทศ&quot;, placetype = &quot;division&quot;}}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Phnom Penh&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัมพูชา&quot;}, -- 2,925,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Tehran&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Tehran, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 16,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Teheran&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Tehran&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mashhad&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Razavi Khorasan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,475,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Mashad&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshhed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Meshed&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Mashhad&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Isfahan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Isfahan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 3,425,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Esfahan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Isfahan&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Tabriz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;East Azerbaijan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,970,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shiraz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Fars, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,950,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Ahvaz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Khuzestan, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Qom&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Qom, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,450,000 (City)
	[&quot;Kermanshah&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kermanshah, อิหร่าน&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,130,000 (City)
	[&quot;Baghdad&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 7,800,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Basra&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,710,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Mosul&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,550,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Erbil&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Kirkuk&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,160,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Najaf&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิรัก&quot;}, -- 1,050,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Tel Aviv&quot;] = {container = &quot;อิสราเอล&quot;}, -- 3,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Jerusalem is not recognized internationally as part of either Israel or Palestine, but as a
	-- [[w:corpus separatum]], so put the container as &quot;เอเชีย&quot; and list Israel and Palestine as additional parents for
	-- categorization purposes.
	[&quot;Jerusalem&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;เอเชีย&quot;, placetype = &quot;ทวีป&quot;},
		addl_parents = {&quot;อิสราเอล&quot;, &quot;Palestine&quot;}}, -- 1,080,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Amman&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 6,150,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Irbid&quot;] = {container = &quot;Jordan&quot;}, -- 1,070,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Almaty&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 2,700,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Alma-Ata&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Almaty&quot;}, -- former name, sometimes still used; don't display-canonicalize
	[&quot;Astana&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Shymkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kazakhstan&quot;}, -- 1,370,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Kuwait City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kuwait&quot;}, -- 5,050,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Bishkek&quot;] = {container = &quot;Kyrgyzstan&quot;}, -- 1,540,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Beirut&quot;] = {container = &quot;Lebanon&quot;}, -- 1,930,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	-- Kuala Lumpur is a federal capital city, not in any state
	[&quot;Kuala Lumpur&quot;] = {container = &quot;Malaysia&quot;}, -- 9,550,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- there are various George Towns and Georgetowns
	[&quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Penang, Malaysia&quot;, placetype = &quot;รัฐ&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,075,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;George Town&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;George Town, Malaysia&quot;},
	[&quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;] = {container = &quot;Mongolia&quot;}, -- 1,610,000 (City)
	[&quot;Ulan Bator&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Ulaanbaatar&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Yangon&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 5,650,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Rangoon&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Yangon&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Mandalay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Myanmar&quot;}, -- 1,600,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Kathmandu&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nepal&quot;}, -- 3,175,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Pyongyang is a directly governed city, not in any province
	[&quot;Pyongyang&quot;] = {container = &quot;North Korea&quot;}, -- 3,025,000 (Administrative Area (urban population))
	[&quot;Muscat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Oman&quot;}, -- 1,620,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {container = &quot;Palestine&quot;, wp = &quot;Gaza City&quot;}, -- 2,275,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Gaza City&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gaza&quot;},
	[&quot;Doha&quot;] = {container = &quot;Qatar&quot;}, -- 2,650,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Colombo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sri Lanka&quot;}, -- 4,975,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Damascus&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 3,975,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Aleppo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Syria&quot;}, -- 1,980,000 (unindicated; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Dushanbe&quot;] = {container = &quot;Tajikistan&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (City)
	[&quot;Bangkok&quot;] = {container = &quot;Thailand&quot;}, -- 21,800,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Chiang Mai not in citypopulation.de, but 1,198,000 urban population in 2021 per Wikipedia
	-- [[w:List_of_municipalities_in_Thailand#Largest_cities_by_urban_population]]
	[&quot;Chiang Mai&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chiang Mai Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Chonburi&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Chonburi Province, Thailand&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1,570,000 (Agglomeration; including Pattaya)

	-- metro area population stats from https://www.statista.com/statistics/255483/biggest-cities-in-turkey/ as of 2021;
	-- second source is citypopulation.de reference date 2025-01-01.
	[&quot;Istanbul&quot;] = {placetype = {&quot;city&quot;, &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, divs = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;}, container = &quot;Turkey&quot;}, -- 15.2 million; 16,000,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İstanbul&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Istanbul&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Ankara&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Ankara Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 5.15 million; 5,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Izmir&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;İzmir Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}, wp = &quot;İzmir&quot;}, -- 2.95 million; 3,025,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;İzmir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Izmir&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bursa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Bursa Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 2.02 million; 2,200,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Adana&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Adana Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.77 million; 1,780,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Gaziantep&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Gaziantep Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.71 million; 1,750,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Antalya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Antalya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.3 million; 1,400,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Konya&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Konya Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.35 million; 1,390,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Diyarbakır&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Diyarbakır Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.07 million; 1,100,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- Diyarbakır is more common per Ngrams and Google Scholar, but Diyarbakir is the Kurdish form, so we should not
	-- display-canonicalize to the Turkish form Diyarbakır.
	[&quot;Diyarbakir&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Diyarbakır&quot;},
	[&quot;Mersin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Mersin Province, Turkey&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}}, -- 1.03 million; 1,060,000 (Agglomeration)

	[&quot;Ashgabat&quot;] = {container = &quot;Turkmenistan&quot;}, -- 1,150,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Dubai&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 6,050,000 (Agglomeration; including Sharjah)
	[&quot;Abu Dhabi&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,850,000 (City)
	[&quot;Sharjah&quot;] = {container = &quot;United Arab Emirates&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Metro area 2022-2023 per Wikipedia; separate from Dubai)
	[&quot;Tashkent&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uzbekistan&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Sanaa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 3,275,000 (City; population of low reliability)
	[&quot;Sana'a&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Sanaa&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Aden&quot;] = {container = &quot;Yemen&quot;}, -- 1,079,060 (?; 2023 estimate from World Population Review per Wikipedia)

	------------------ Europe or Europe-like (Caucasus etc.) ---------------------
	[&quot;Yerevan&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์มีเนีย&quot;}, -- 1,520,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Vienna&quot;] = {container = &quot;ออสเตรีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Minsk&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลารุส&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (unindicated)
	[&quot;Brussels&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 2,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Antwerp&quot;] = {container = &quot;เบลเยียม&quot;}, -- 1,270,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Sofia&quot;] = {container = &quot;บัลแกเรีย&quot;}, -- 1,260,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Zagreb&quot;] = {container = &quot;โครเอเชีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Prague&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 1,470,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Brno&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 729,405 (metro area per Wikipedia as of 2024-01-01 Czech Statistical Office)
	[&quot;Olomouc&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐเช็ก&quot;}, -- 102,293 (city; included only because someone went crazy creating Olomouc-related terms)
	[&quot;Copenhagen&quot;] = {container = &quot;เดนมาร์ก&quot;}, -- 1,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Helsinki&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Uusimaa, ฟินแลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}}, -- 1,560,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tbilisi&quot;] = {container = &quot;Georgia&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Athens&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Thessaloniki&quot;] = {container = &quot;กรีซ&quot;},
	[&quot;Budapest&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮังการี&quot;},
	-- FIXME, per Wikipedia &quot;County Dublin&quot; is now the &quot;Dublin Region&quot;
	[&quot;Dublin&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;County Dublin, ไอร์แลนด์&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Riga&quot;] = {container = &quot;Latvia&quot;},
	[&quot;Amsterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;North Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;Rotterdam&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	[&quot;The Hague&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;South Holland, Netherlands&quot;, placetype = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;}},
	-- Christchurch (metro 546,600) and Wellington (metro 439,800) are too small to make it.
	[&quot;Auckland&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Auckland, New Zealand&quot;, placetype = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oslo&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;, placetype = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;}},
	[&quot;Warsaw&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Masovian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Katowice&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Silesian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Krakow&quot; without accent.
	[&quot;Krakow&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Kraków&quot;},
	[&quot;Kraków&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cracow&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Krakow&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirm &quot;Gdańsk&quot; and &quot;Poznań&quot; with accent.
	[&quot;Gdańsk&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Gdansk&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Gdańsk&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Poznań&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}},
	[&quot;Poznan&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Poznań&quot;, display = true},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Lodz&quot; without accents.
	[&quot;Lodz&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lodz Voivodeship, Poland&quot;, placetype = &quot;voivodeship&quot;}, wp = &quot;Łódź&quot;},
	[&quot;Łódź&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Lodz&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Lisbon&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Lisbon District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Porto&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Porto District, Portugal&quot;, placetype = &quot;district&quot;}},
	[&quot;Oporto&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Porto&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Bucharest&quot;] = {container = &quot;Romania&quot;},
	[&quot;Belgrade&quot;] = {container = &quot;Serbia&quot;},
	[&quot;Stockholm&quot;] = {container = &quot;Sweden&quot;},
	[&quot;Zurich&quot;] = {container = &quot;Switzerland&quot;},
	--- Ngrams (up through 2022) and Google Scholar (&gt;= 2024) confirms the common form &quot;Zurich&quot; without umlaut.
	--- Even Wikipedia uses the form without umlaut.
	[&quot;Zürich&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Zurich&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Kyiv&quot;] = {container = &quot;Ukraine&quot;}, -- not in Kyiv Oblast
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Kiev -&gt; Kyiv because in ancient contexts, Kiev is still more common.
	[&quot;Kiev&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Kyiv&quot;},
	[&quot;Kharkiv&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}},
	[&quot;Odessa&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Odesa Oblast, Ukraine&quot;, placetype = &quot;oblast&quot;}, wp = &quot;Odesa&quot;},
	-- Don't display-canonicalize Odesa -&gt; Odessa because it may be interpreted as a political statement.
	[&quot;Odesa&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Odessa&quot;},
	
	------------------ North America, South America ---------------------
	-- Primary figures from citypopulation.de retrieved on 2025-04-26 (reference date 2025-01-01);
	-- Wikipedia metropolitan figures from [[w:List of metropolitan areas in the Americas]] based on per-country data;
	-- Wikipedia city limits figures from [[w:List of largest cities in the Americas]].
	[&quot;Buenos Aires&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 16,800,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 13,985,794 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,505,25 city limits per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Córdoba in Spain
	[&quot;Córdoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;},
	[&quot;Cordoba&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Córdoba, Argentina&quot;, display = &quot;Córdoba&quot;},
	[&quot;Rosario&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, Santa Fe&quot;}, -- 1,510,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 1,348,725 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Mendoza&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,180,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;] = {container = &quot;อาร์เจนตินา&quot;}, -- 1,110,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tucumán&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Tucuman&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San Miguel de Tucumán&quot;, display = &quot;Tucumán&quot;},
	[&quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,960,000 (Consolidated Urban Area); 1,606,671 (city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santa Cruz&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Santa Cruz de la Sierra&quot;},
	[&quot;La Paz&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,870,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; composed of El Alto, now slightly larger, and La Paz)
	[&quot;El Alto&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;},
	[&quot;Cochabamba&quot;] = {container = &quot;โบลิเวีย&quot;}, -- 1,280,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Santiago&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 8,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 6,903,479 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Valparaíso&quot;] = {container = &quot;ชิลี&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valparaiso&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valparaíso&quot;}, -- 1,060,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Bogotá&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 10,600,000 (Agglomeration; 12,772,828 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bogota&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Bogotá&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Medellín&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 4,350,000 (Agglomeration; 4,068,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Medellin&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Medellín&quot;, display = true},
	[&quot;Cali&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,975,000 (Agglomeration; 2,837,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Barranquilla&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 2,375,000 (Agglomeration; 1,341,160 city limits per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Bucaramanga&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,380,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,250,000 (Agglomeration)
	-- to avoid confusion with Cartagena, Spain
	[&quot;Cartagena&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cartagena, Colombia&quot;},
	[&quot;Cúcuta&quot;] = {container = &quot;โคลอมเบีย&quot;}, -- 1,130,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;Cucuta&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Cúcuta&quot;, display = true},
	-- to avoid conflict with San Jose, California
	[&quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;] = {container = &quot;คอสตาริกา&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,450,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metropolitan area per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San José&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;},
	[&quot;San Jose&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;San José, Costa Rica&quot;}, -- display = &quot;San José&quot;; causes error due to San Jose alias for California city; FIXME
	[&quot;Havana&quot;] = {container = &quot;คิวบา&quot;}, -- 2,150,000 (City; 2,137,847 city limits? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Santo Domingo&quot;] = {container = &quot;สาธารณรัฐโดมินิกัน&quot;}, -- 3,900,000 (Municipality (urban population); 4,274,651 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Guayaquil&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 3,350,000 (Agglomeration; 3,092,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Quito&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอกวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 2,875,000 (Agglomeration; 2,889,703 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Salvador&quot;] = {container = &quot;เอลซัลวาดอร์&quot;}, -- 1,580,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Guatemala City&quot;] = {container = &quot;กัวเตมาลา&quot;}, -- 3,375,000 (Municipality (urban population); 3,160,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Port-au-Prince&quot;] = {container = &quot;เฮติ&quot;}, -- 3,050,000 (Agglomeration; population of low reliability; 2,915,000 metro area? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;San Pedro Sula&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,330,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Tegucigalpa&quot;] = {container = &quot;ฮอนดูรัส&quot;}, -- 1,220,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Managua&quot;] = {container = &quot;Nicaragua&quot;}, -- 1,400,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Panama City&quot;] = {container = &quot;Panama&quot;}, -- 1,430,000 (Urban Area)
	[&quot;Asunción&quot;] = {container = &quot;Paraguay&quot;}, -- 2,350,000 (Municipality (urban population))
	[&quot;Lima&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 12,000,000 (Agglomeration; 11,283,787 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Arequipa&quot;] = {container = &quot;Peru&quot;}, -- 1,210,000 (Agglomeration)
	[&quot;San Juan&quot;] = {container = {key = &quot;Puerto Rico&quot;, placetype = &quot;commonwealth&quot;}, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 1,910,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Montevideo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Uruguay&quot;}, -- 1,810,000 (Agglomeration; 1,302,954 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Caracas&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 3,850,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,243,301 ??? per Wikipedia)
	[&quot;Maracaibo&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 2,825,000 (Consolidated Urban Area; 5,278,448 ??? per Wikipedia)
	-- to avoid confusion with Valencia (city and autonomous community of Spain)
	[&quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;, wp = &quot;%l, %c&quot;}, -- 2,100,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Valencia&quot;] = {alias_of = &quot;Valencia, Venezuela&quot;},
	[&quot;Maracay&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,480,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
	[&quot;Barquisimeto&quot;] = {container = &quot;Venezuela&quot;}, -- 1,360,000 (Consolidated Urban Area)
}

export.misc_cities_group = {
	canonicalize_key_container = make_canonicalize_key_container(nil, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;),
	default_placetype = &quot;city&quot;,
	data = export.misc_cities,
}

--[==[ var:
List of all known locations, in groups. The first group lists continents and continental regions, followed by three
groups listing top-level locations: countries, &quot;country-like entities&quot; (de-facto/unrecognized/etc. countries and
dependent territories) and former polities (countries, empires, etc.). After that come first-level subpolities
(administrative divisions) of several, mostly large, countries, followed by groups of cities. China and the United
Kingdom include second-level subpolities (in the case of China, only the largest ones as the full list runs in the
hundreds).
]==]
export.locations = {
	export.continents_group,
	export.countries_group,
	export.country_like_entities_group,
	export.former_countries_group,
	export.australia_group,
	export.austria_group,
	export.bangladesh_group,
	export.brazil_group,
	export.canada_group,
	export.china_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group,
	export.china_prefecture_level_cities_group_2,
	export.egypt_group,
	export.finland_group,
	export.france_group,
	export.france_departments_group,
	export.germany_group,
	export.greece_group,
	export.india_group,
	export.indonesia_group,
	export.iran_group,
	export.ireland_group,
	export.italy_group,
	export.japan_group,
	export.laos_group,
	export.lebanon_group,
	export.malaysia_group,
	export.malta_group,
	export.mexico_group,
	export.moldova_group,
	export.morocco_group,
	export.netherlands_group,
	export.new_zealand_group,
	export.nigeria_group,
	export.north_korea_group,
	export.norway_group,
	export.pakistan_group,
	export.philippines_group,
	export.poland_group,
	export.portugal_group,
	export.romania_group,
	export.russia_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_group,
	export.south_africa_group,
	export.south_korea_group,
	export.spain_group,
	export.taiwan_group,
	export.thailand_group,
	export.turkey_group,
	export.ukraine_group,
	export.united_kingdom_group,
	export.united_states_group,
	export.england_group,
	export.northern_ireland_group,
	export.scotland_group,
	export.wales_group,
	export.vietnam_group,
	export.australia_cities_group,
	export.brazil_cities_group,
	export.canada_cities_group,
	export.france_cities_group,
	export.germany_cities_group,
	export.india_cities_group,
	export.indonesia_cities_group,
	export.italy_cities_group,
	export.japan_cities_group,
	export.mexico_cities_group,
	export.nigeria_cities_group,
	export.pakistan_cities_group,
	export.philippines_cities_group,
	export.russia_cities_group,
	export.saudi_arabia_cities_group,
	export.south_korea_cities_group,
	export.spain_cities_group,
	export.taiwan_cities_group,
	export.united_kingdom_cities_group,
	export.united_states_cities_group,
	export.new_york_boroughs_group,
	export.vietnam_cities_group,
	export.misc_cities_group,
}

return export</text>
      <sha1>texemrzxg2kzsffkzqh3zbofi1qzn6x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>มอดูล:place/placetypes</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>2297280</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715267</id>
      <parentid>5714409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:03:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715267</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="234417" sha1="54dm9p6a5i3j4pfyv2ejptvu0uazxaq" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;river&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;river&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;in&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;district&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;district&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;empire&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;region&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;river&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;district&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;region&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;empire&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;region&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;lake&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;region&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;river&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;region&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:Places in Merseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:Places in England]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:Places in Boston]], along with [[:Category:en:Places in Massachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:Places in the United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;Places in %s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:Places in Osaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:Places in Japan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;in&quot; not &quot;of&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`Places in ``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;of&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;in&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;region&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;region&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;region&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Seas&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;region&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;river&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;river&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;empire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;sea&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;sea&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;of&quot; before cities and &quot;in&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ocean&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;seas&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;districts&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;river&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since places in Hong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;river&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subdistrict&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;in&quot; for non-cities and &quot;of&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;river&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;regions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>54dm9p6a5i3j4pfyv2ejptvu0uazxaq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715270</id>
      <parentid>5715267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:14:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715270</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="234674" sha1="f7p80sgmt2vzu2imnut42cm12bgq21f" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;river&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;river&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;in&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;district&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;district&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;river&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;district&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;lake&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;river&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:Places in Merseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:Places in England]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:Places in Boston]], along with [[:Category:en:Places in Massachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:Places in the United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;Places in %s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:Places in Osaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:Places in Japan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;in&quot; not &quot;of&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`Places in ``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;of&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;in&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Seas&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;river&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;river&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;sea&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;sea&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;of&quot; before cities and &quot;in&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ocean&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;seas&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;districts&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;river&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since places in Hong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;river&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subdistrict&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;in&quot; for non-cities and &quot;of&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;river&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>f7p80sgmt2vzu2imnut42cm12bgq21f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715271</id>
      <parentid>5715270</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:24:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715271</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="234791" sha1="7utzvp602q6wq5hnupzazo26g9163np" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;in&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;district&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;district&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;district&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;lake&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:Places in Merseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:Places in England]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:Places in Boston]], along with [[:Category:en:Places in Massachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:Places in the United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;Places in %s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:Places in Osaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:Places in Japan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;in&quot; not &quot;of&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`Places in ``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;of&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;in&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Seas&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;sea&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;sea&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;of&quot; before cities and &quot;in&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ocean&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;seas&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;districts&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;lake&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since places in Hong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subdistrict&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;in&quot; for non-cities and &quot;of&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>7utzvp602q6wq5hnupzazo26g9163np</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715272</id>
      <parentid>5715271</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:25:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715272</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="234903" sha1="o9r7toqrhukw7pt05zmfy27vab6g0u1" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;in&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;district&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;district&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;district&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:Places in Merseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:Places in England]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:Places in Boston]], along with [[:Category:en:Places in Massachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:Places in the United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;Places in %s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:Places in Osaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:Places in Japan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;in&quot; not &quot;of&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`Places in ``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;of&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;in&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Seas&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;of&quot; before cities and &quot;in&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ocean&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;seas&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;districts&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ทะเล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since places in Hong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subdistrict&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;in&quot; for non-cities and &quot;of&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>o9r7toqrhukw7pt05zmfy27vab6g0u1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715273</id>
      <parentid>5715272</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:27:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715273</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="234938" sha1="1yjvizfg0fs4b4mgdlfw6760vhwefdb" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;in&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;district&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;district&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;district&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:Places in Merseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:Places in England]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:Places in Boston]], along with [[:Category:en:Places in Massachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:Places in the United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;Places in %s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:Places in Osaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:Places in Japan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;in&quot; not &quot;of&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`Places in ``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;of&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;in&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;district&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;district&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;districts&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;of&quot; before cities and &quot;in&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;มหาสมุทร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;districts&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;district&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ทะเล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since places in Hong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subdistrict&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;in&quot; for non-cities and &quot;of&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;districts&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>1yjvizfg0fs4b4mgdlfw6760vhwefdb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715283</id>
      <parentid>5715273</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:25:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715283</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="235060" sha1="tv4uzhuchq3xosa7zei33e5pc3go83i" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;in&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;อำเภอ&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:Places in Merseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:Places in England]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:Places in Boston]], along with [[:Category:en:Places in Massachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:Places in the United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;Places in %s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:Places in Osaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:Places in Japan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;in&quot; not &quot;of&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`Places in ``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;of&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;in&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;อำเภอ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;of&quot; before cities and &quot;in&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;มหาสมุทร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;อำเภอ&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ทะเล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since places in Hong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subdistrict&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;in&quot; for non-cities and &quot;of&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>tv4uzhuchq3xosa7zei33e5pc3go83i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715285</id>
      <parentid>5715283</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:27:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715285</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="235061" sha1="lg0kuxzrz3r503mvjlgd4sa9ueoshk6" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;in&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;อำเภอ&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:Places in Merseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:Places in England]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:Places in Boston]], along with [[:Category:en:Places in Massachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:Places in the United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;Places in %s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:Places in Osaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:Places in Japan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;in&quot; not &quot;of&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`Places in ``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;of&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;in&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;อำเภอ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;of&quot; before cities and &quot;in&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;มหาสมุทร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;อำเภอ&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ทะเล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated places in Ukraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since places in Hong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ตำบล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;in&quot; for non-cities and &quot;of&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>lg0kuxzrz3r503mvjlgd4sa9ueoshk6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715286</id>
      <parentid>5715285</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:29:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715286</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="235248" sha1="6ftte7j3du4tyv36fphb2fy4w0a8xfg" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;in&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;อำเภอ&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:สถานที่ในMerseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:สถานที่ในEngland]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:สถานที่ในBoston]], along with [[:Category:en:สถานที่ในMassachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:สถานที่ในthe United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;สถานที่ใน%s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:สถานที่ในOsaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:สถานที่ในJapan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;in&quot; not &quot;of&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`สถานที่ใน``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;of&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;in&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;อำเภอ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;of&quot; before cities and &quot;in&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;มหาสมุทร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;อำเภอ&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ทะเล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated สถานที่ในUkraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since สถานที่ในHong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ตำบล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;in&quot; for non-cities and &quot;of&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;of&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;in&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>6ftte7j3du4tyv36fphb2fy4w0a8xfg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715287</id>
      <parentid>5715286</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T07:31:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715287</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="235349" sha1="h168y53iktyy14v9rgnygxwnhwys0cp" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}

export.force_cat = false -- set to true for testing

local m_locations = require(&quot;Module:place/locations&quot;)
local m_links = require(&quot;Module:links&quot;)
local m_table = require(&quot;Module:table&quot;)
local m_strutils = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local debug_track_module = &quot;Module:debug/track&quot;
local en_utilities_module = &quot;Module:en-utilities&quot;

local dump = mw.dumpObject
local insert = table.insert
local concat = table.concat
local internal_error = m_locations.internal_error
export.internal_error = internal_error
local process_error = m_locations.process_error
export.process_error = process_error
local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility

local ucfirst = m_strutils.ucfirst
local ulower = m_strutils.lower
local rmatch = m_strutils.match
local split = m_strutils.split

--[==[ intro:
This module contains placetype data used by [[Module:place]] and {{tl|place}}, along with a significant amount of code
to work with both placetypes and locations, as well as some placename-related info (FIXME: Consider moving it to
[[Module:place/locations]]). See also [[Module:place/locations]], which has definitions of all known locations. You must
currently load this module using {{cd|require()}}, not using {{cd|mw.loadData()}}.

In particular, it contains two fundamental and tricky functions:
# `get_placetype_equivs`, which finds the equivalent placetypes to look under in order to find a given property, and in
  the process correctly handles placetypes with qualifiers (including qualifiers that act similar to &quot;type-raising&quot;
  operators in that they do something non-trivial to the placetype to their right) as well as form-of directives and
  fallbacks.
# `find_matching_holonym_location`, which looks up a holonym to find a matching known location, but in the process
  checks holonyms to the right to make sure there isn't a clash between the user-specified containing holonyms and the
  containers of the known location being considered. This is done to prevent overcategorizing when either there are two
  known locations with the same name (e.g. Birmingham in England and Birmingham, Alabama in the US), or more generally
  two locations with the same name, one of which is a known location but where the other is not (e.g. we're processing
  non-known-location Mérida, Spain and don't want it categorized like known location Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico).

Both of these functions are invoked repeatedly, and probably are invoked several times on the same inputs and as a
result are candidates for memoization to speed up the operation of {{tl|place}}.
]==]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Basic utilities                                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[
Return true if `force_cat` is set either in this module or in [[Module:place/locations]].
]==]
function export.get_force_cat()
	return export.force_cat or m_locations.force_cat
end


-- Add the page to a tracking &quot;category&quot;. To see the pages in the &quot;category&quot;,
-- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on &quot;What links here&quot;.
local function track(page)
	require(debug_track_module)(&quot;place/&quot; .. page)
	return true
end


function export.remove_links_and_html(text)
	text = m_links.remove_links(text)
	return text:gsub(&quot;&lt;.-&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)
end


--[==[
Return the singular version of a maybe-plural placetype, or nil if not plural. This correctly handles placetypes with
irregular plurals such as `kibbutzim` plural of `kibbutz` by looking up in a table constructed from the `plural` values
specified in `placetype_data`. If a special plural value is not found, the regular singularization algorithm in
[[Module:en-utilities]] is invoked, which reverses the y -&gt; ies change after vowels and the 'es' addition after sh/ch/x,
and otherwise just subtracts a final 's' (which will incorrectly generate 'passe' for plural 'passes'; FIXME: consider
changing this for words ending in '-sses'). If the generated singular is the same as the passed-in value, nil is
returned.
]==]
function export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if not placetype then
		return nil
	end
	if export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype] then
		return export.plural_placetype_to_singular[placetype]
	end
	local retval = --[[require(en_utilities_module).singularize(placetype)]] placetype
	if retval == placetype then
		return nil
	end
	return retval
end


-- Return the correct plural of a placetype, and (if `do_ucfirst` is given) make the first letter uppercase. We first
-- look up the plural in `placetype_data`, falling back to pluralize() in [[Module:en-utilities]], which is almost
-- always correct.
function export.pluralize_placetype(placetype, do_ucfirst)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata and ptdata.plural then
		placetype = ptdata.plural
	else
		placetype = --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(placetype)]] placetype
	end
	if do_ucfirst then
		return ucfirst(placetype)
	else
		return placetype
	end
end


--[==[
Get the data associated with a placetype, which may be in its singular or plural form. If `from_category` is specified,
we also look for category-only placetypes (generally plural) followed by `!`. Return three values: (a) the placetype
under which the data can be looked up (i.e. in its singular form if the passed-in `placetype` is plural and did not
match a category-only placetype followed by `!`); (b) the placetype data structure; (c) the type of `placetype` match
that occurred, one of `&quot;direct&quot;` if the canonical placetype is the same as the passed-in `placetype` and also the same
as the key under which `ptdata` was looked up, or `&quot;direct-category&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under a key formed
from the passed-in `placetype` by adding `!`, or `&quot;plural&quot;` if the `ptdata` was looked up under the singularized version
of the plural passed-in `placetype`.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	local ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype]
	if ptdata then
		return placetype, ptdata, &quot;direct&quot;
	end
	if from_category then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[placetype .. &quot;!&quot;]
		if ptdata then
			return placetype .. &quot;!&quot;, ptdata, &quot;direct-category&quot;
		end
	end
	local sg_placetype = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(placetype)
	if sg_placetype then
		ptdata = export.placetype_data[sg_placetype]
		if ptdata then
			return sg_placetype, ptdata, &quot;plural&quot;
		end
	end
	return nil
end


--[==[
Check for special pseudo-placetypes that should be ignored for categorization purposes.
]==]
function export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype)
	return placetype == &quot;and&quot; or placetype == &quot;or&quot; or placetype == &quot;และ&quot; or placetype == &quot;หรือ&quot; or placetype:find(&quot;^%(&quot;)
end


function export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	return export.placetype_aliases[placetype] or placetype
end


--[==[
Return a property from `placetype_data` for a given placetype. If the placetype isn't found in `placetype_data`, or the
key isn't found in the placetype's entry in `placetype_data`, return nil.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, key)
	-- Usually we are called on equivalent placetypes returned from `get_placetype_equivs`, in which case placetype
	-- aliases have been resolved, but sometimes not, e.g. when fetching the indefinite article in
	-- get_placetype_article(). `resolve_placetype_aliases` is just a simple lookup and it doesn't hurt to do it twice.
	placetype = export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)
	if export.placetype_data[placetype] then
		return export.placetype_data[placetype][key]
	else
		return nil
	end
end

--[==[
Given a placetype, split the placetype into one or more potential ''splits'', each consisting of a three-element list
{ {``prev_qualifiers``, ``this_qualifier``, ``reduced_placetype``}}, i.e.
# the concatenation of zero or more previously-recognized qualifiers on the left, normally canonicalized (if there are
  zero such qualifiers, the value will be nil);
# a single recognized qualifier, normally canonicalized (if there is no qualifier, the value will be nil);
# the &quot;reduced placetype&quot; on the right.
Splitting between the qualifier in (2) and the reduced placetype in (3) happens at each space character, proceeding from
left to right, and stops if a qualifier isn't recognized. All placetypes are canonicalized by checking for aliases
in `placetype_aliases`, but no other checks are made as to whether the reduced placetype is recognized. Canonicalization
of qualifiers does not happen if `no_canon_qualifiers` is specified.

For example, given the placetype `&quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;beachside unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;unincorporated community&quot;},
  {&quot;small [[beachfront]]&quot;, &quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;, &quot;community&quot;},
}}
Here, `&quot;beachside&quot;` is canonicalized to `&quot;[[beachfront]]&quot;` and `&quot;unincorporated&quot;` is canonicalized to
`&quot;[[unincorporated]]&quot;`, in both cases according to the entry in `placetype_qualifiers`.

On the other hand, if given `&quot;small former haunted community&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;small former haunted community&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;small&quot;, &quot;former haunted community&quot;},
  {&quot;small&quot;, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;haunted community&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;small&quot;` and `&quot;former&quot;` but not `&quot;haunted&quot;` are recognized as qualifiers.

Finally, if given `&quot;former adr&quot;`, the return value will be
{ {
  {nil, nil, &quot;former adr&quot;},
  {nil, &quot;former&quot;, &quot;administrative region&quot;},
}}
because `&quot;adr&quot;` is a recognized placetype alias for `&quot;administrative region&quot;`.
]==]
function export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype, no_canon_qualifiers)
	local splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	local prev_qualifier = nil
	while true do
		local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
		if qualifier then
			local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
			if canon == nil then
				break
			end
			local new_qualifier = qualifier
			if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
				canon = canon.link
			end
			if not no_canon_qualifiers and canon ~= false then
				if canon == true then
					new_qualifier = &quot;[[&quot; .. qualifier .. &quot;]]&quot;
				else
					new_qualifier = canon
				end
			end
			insert(splits, {prev_qualifier, new_qualifier, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(reduced_placetype)})
			prev_qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. new_qualifier or new_qualifier
			placetype = reduced_placetype
		else
			break
		end
	end
	return splits
end

--[==[
Given a `placetype` (which may be pluralized), return an ordered list of equivalent placetypes to look under to find the
placetype's properties (such as the category or categories to be inserted). The return value is actually an ordered list
of objects of the form `{qualifier=``qualifier``, placetype=``equiv_placetype``}` where ``equiv_placetype`` is a
placetype whose properties to look up, derived from the passed-in placetype or from a contiguous subsequence of the
words in the passed-in placetype (always including the rightmost word in the placetype, i.e. we successively chop off
qualifier words from the left and use the remainder to find equivalent placetypes). ``qualifier`` is the remaining words
not part of the subsequence used to find ``equiv_placetype``; or nil if all words in the passed-in placetype were used
to find ``equiv_placetype``. (FIXME: This qualifier is not currently used anywhere.) Only placetypes for which there is
an entry in `placetype_data` are included. The placetype passed in is always checked first, and will form the first
entry if it exists in `placetype_data`.

'''NOTE:''' This is a tricky function as it implements handling of (a) qualifiers, (b) fallback logic, (c)
&quot;type-raising&quot; qualifiers such as `former`/`ancient`/etc. as well as `fictional` and `mythological`, and (d) form-of
directives, which act somewhat similarly to `former`, and allows interaction between more than one of these
simultaneously (e.g. official names of former places, which have their own categorization).

If {{tl|place}} gets too slow, one potential speedup is to memoize the results of this function, as it appears to be
getting called more than once on the same inputs. Another similar potential speedup is to memoize the results of
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()`.

For example, given the placetype `left tributary`, the following placetype/qualifier combinations are checked in turn:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;left tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;}
```
and the return value will be
{ {
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;tributary&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;left&quot;, placetype=&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;},
}}

The algorithm first enters the placetype itself into the list, then checks for `left tributary` as a recognized
placetype in `placetype_data` and doesn't find it, so it doesn't enter it into the returned list (if it found it, it
would add it as well as any fallbacks directly after it). It then splits off the recognized qualifier `left` to form the
''reduced placetype'' `tributary`, which is entered into the list because it is found in `placetype_data`. Then, because
it has a fallback `river`, which exists in `placetype_data`, the fallback is entered next.

Another example is `small rural fraziones` (where a ''frazione'' is type of subdivision of a ''comune'' or municipality,
often specifically an outlying hamlet). the placetype/qualifier combinations checked are:
```
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = nil, placetype=&quot;small rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small&quot;, placetype=&quot;rural frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;fraziones&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;}
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;}
```
The return value ends up as
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;frazione&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;hamlet&quot;},
  {qualifier = &quot;small [[rural]]&quot;, placetype=&quot;village&quot;},
}}

Here, because the result of singularizing `fraziones` returns a different value from the placetype itself, that
singularized value is checked after the original plural value. Also, in the process of splitting off qualifiers,
they are canonicalized if the entry in `placetype_qualifiers` says to do so; in this case, links are placed around
`rural`. Finally, `frazione` has `hamlet` as its fallback, which in turn has `village` as its fallback, so both
fallbacks end up being returned.

`no_fallback`, if set, disables returning equivalent placetypes based on the `fallback` setting for a placetype. This is
used in the first of two loops in find_placetype_cat_specs() in [[Module:place]] to prefer exact matches for placetypes
such as barangays with later holonyms to matches based on a fallback such as `neighborhood` with an earlier holonym.
See the comment in that function in [[Module:place]] for a more detailed explanation of why this is needed. Only the
placetype itself, and any reduced placetypes created by chopping off recognized qualifiers at the beginning, are
returned; but we do not return reduced placetypes if a containing placetype exists in `placetype_data`. (For example,
`&quot;overseas territory&quot;` has a fallback `&quot;dependent territory&quot;`, and `&quot;overseas&quot;` is also a recognized qualifier. When
`no_fallback` is in place, without the above proviso, we would return `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` followed by `&quot;ดินแดน&quot;`
with the incorrect effect of classifying an `&quot;overseas territory&quot;` of the United Kingdom such as `&quot;Gibraltar&quot;` under
[[:Category:Territories of the United Kingdom]] instead of [[:Category:Dependent territories of the United Kingdom]].)
As an exception, if `historical`, `ancient`, `former` or the like are found, they proceed ignoring `no_fallback`,
because it seems tricky to handle them correctly in the presence of `no_fallback`, and historical/former placetypes
rarely occur with exact match category specs anyway.

`no_split_qualifiers` prevents splitting off recognized qualifiers and returning the remainder of the placetype as an
equivalent placetype. Only the passed-in placetype, and any fallbacks, will be returned. This is used in
[[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] when looking up placetypes found in categories. Such placetypes won't
have qualifiers and so it doesn't make sense to try and look for them.

`from_category`, if set, causes category-only placetypes (those ending in `!`) to also be checked.

`form_of_directive`, if set, causes the specified form-of directive (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF`) to be prepended to checked
placetypes, their directive-specific type (e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF_type`), and their classes (`class`) to get the
appropriate placetypes to check for form-of-directive categories. It falls back to the prepended generic `place` as a
placetype, e.g. `FORMER_NAME_OF place`, if nothing else matches.

`no_check_for_inherently_former` is used internally to prevent an infinite loop when checking for `inherently_former`.

`register_former_as_non_former` is a major hack used in `get_bare_categories` to deal with the mismatch between e.g.
known location `Yugoslavia` declaring itself a `country` but definitions of it declaring it a `former country`. It
causes the non-former version of the specified placetype to be included in the returned equivalents along with the
former placetypes. [FIXME: This should apply only to the entries in `former_countries` but it's tricky to do that now;
fix this in the known-location refactor. -- The known-location refactor is already done but we haven't yet fixed this.]
]==]
function export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props)
	local no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former
	local form_of_directive
	if props then
		no_fallback, no_split_qualifiers, no_check_for_inherently_former, from_category, register_former_as_non_former =
			props.no_fallback, props.no_split_qualifiers, props.no_check_for_inherently_former, props.from_category,
			props.register_former_as_non_former
		form_of_directive = props.form_of_directive
	end
	local equivs = {}

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. `qualifier` is
	-- the preceding qualifier to insert into `equivs` along with the placetype (see comment at top of function). If
	-- `from_category` is given, we also check for a category-specific entry consisting of the placetype followed by
	-- `!`, and in all cases we also check to see if `placetype` is plural, and if so, insert the singularized version
	-- along with its fallbacks (if any) in `placetype_data`. `form_of_prefix` is a form-of prefix such as
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF`. If specified, we check the fallbacks of `placetype` without the prefix but then insert into
	-- `equivs` the prefixed placetype. This way, if the user says e.g. {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}},
	-- we will correctly categorize into [[:Category:Official names of countries]], rather than only trying to look up
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and failing, falling back ultimately to [[:Category:Official names of places]].

	local function insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, placetype, form_of_prefix)
		local function insert_equiv(pt)
			if form_of_prefix then
				-- Let's say the user says {{tl|place|pt|@official name of:Cuba|island country|r/Caribbean}} and we have
				-- no entry for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` but we do for `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` (which we end
				-- up processing because `island country` falls back to `country`), and that entry in turn is defined
				-- using a fallback. We have to insert that fallback-of-fallback, and the easiest/cleanest way of
				-- handling this is by calling ourselves recursively.
				insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, form_of_prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. pt)
			else
				insert(equivs, {qualifier=qualifier, placetype=pt})
			end
		end

		-- Insert the placetype, along with any fallbacks.
		local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
		if ptdata then
			insert_equiv(canon_placetype)
			if no_fallback then
				return
			end
			local first_placetype = #equivs + 1
			local prev_placetype = nil
			while true do
				local pt_value = export.placetype_data[canon_placetype]
				if not pt_value then
					internal_error(&quot;Fallback value %s specified for placetype %s but is not in `placetype_data`&quot;,
						canon_placetype, prev_placetype)
				end
				if pt_value.fallback then
					insert_equiv(pt_value.fallback)
					local last_placetype = #equivs
					if last_placetype - first_placetype &gt;= 10 then
						local fallback_loop = {}
						for i = first_placetype, last_placetype do
							insert(fallback_loop, equivs[i].placetype)
						end
						internal_error(&quot;Apparent loop in fallback chain: %s&quot;, table.concat(fallback_loop, &quot; -&gt; &quot;))
					end
					prev_placetype = canon_placetype
					canon_placetype = pt_value.fallback
				else
					break
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Insert `placetype` into `equivs`, along with any fallback placetypes listed in `placetype_data`. This is a
	-- wrapper around the more basic `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` which handles form-of directives. If there is no
	-- form-of directive, this function directly calls `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()`. We do things this way so that
	-- form-of directives correctly combine with `former`-type qualifiers. Note that we also have special backups for
	-- form-of directives that check `DIRECTIVE place` (and before that, `DIRECTIVE FORMER/ANCIENT place` is there's a
	-- `former`-type directive); these backups live outside this function because we want them done once, late, rather
	-- than in each invocation of `process_and_insert_placetype()`.
	local function process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		if form_of_directive then
			-- First check for e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF island country` and its fallbacks; then we look for fallbacks of
			-- `island country` and check e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country` and its fallbacks. All of this is handled by
			-- `insert_placetype_and_fallbacks()` with appropriate parameters. After that, check the general class of
			-- the directive, e.g. `subpolity` if something like `district` is given. (Eventually, we check for
			-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup, but this happens at the end outside the loop over qualifiers.)
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive)
			if not no_fallback then
				local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype)
				local directive_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;) or
						export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
				)
				if not directive_type then
					local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
						function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
					)
					if pt_data then
						internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s in conjunction with form-of directive %s, placetype data &quot; ..
							'located but directive-specific type property %s missing, and so is &quot;class&quot;; ' ..
							&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, form_of_directive,
							form_of_directive .. &quot;_type&quot;, reduced_placetype_equivs)
					else
						-- This should be allowed, as we allow unrecognized placetypes in general.
					end
				elseif directive_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
					insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, directive_type, form_of_directive)
				end
			end
		else
			insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(qualifier, reduced_placetype)
		end
	end

	-- Successively split off recognized qualifiers and loop over successively greater sets of qualifiers from the left
	-- (unless `no_split_qualifiers` is specified, in which case we don't check for qualifiers).
	local splits
	if no_split_qualifiers then
		splits = {{nil, nil, export.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype)}}
	else
		splits = export.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype)
	end

	for _, split in ipairs(splits) do
		local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, reduced_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3)

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` isn't present, and
		-- `no_check_for_inherently_former` is not given (this flag is used to avoid infinite loops), check for
		-- &quot;inherently former&quot; placetypes like `satrapy` and `treaty port` that always refer to no-longer-existing
		-- placetypes, and handle accordingly.
		local unlinked_this_qualifier
		if this_qualifier and this_qualifier:find(&quot;%[&quot;) then
			unlinked_this_qualifier = export.remove_links_and_html(this_qualifier)
		else
			unlinked_this_qualifier = this_qualifier
		end
		local former_qualifiers = this_qualifier and export.former_qualifiers[unlinked_this_qualifier] or nil
		if not former_qualifiers and not no_check_for_inherently_former then
			former_qualifiers = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(reduced_placetype,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;inherently_former&quot;) end,
				{no_check_for_inherently_former = true})
		end

		-- If a special &quot;former&quot; qualifier like `former` or `historical` is present, map it to the appropriate internal
		-- qualifiers (`ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
		-- qualifiers), fetch the `former_type` property, and treat the placetype as if a concatenation of the mapped
		-- qualifier(s) and the value of `former_type`. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map `medieval`
		-- to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `former_type` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
		-- `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into `equivs`. If the placetype following the
		-- &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data` but has no `former_type` and no fallback with a
		-- `former_type` specified, it is an internal error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like
		-- `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have an entry for `greenhouse`), just track the occurrence and
		-- don't enter anything into `equivs`.
		if former_qualifiers then
			-- FIXME: Should we respect `no_fallback` here? My instinct says no.
			local reduced_placetype_equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(reduced_placetype, {
				no_check_for_inherently_former = true
			})
			local former_type = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
				function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;former_type&quot;) or
					export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;class&quot;) end
			)
			if not former_type then
				local pt_data = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(reduced_placetype_equivs,
					function(pt) return export.placetype_data[pt] end
				)
				if pt_data then
					internal_error(&quot;For placetype %s, placetype data located but `former_type` missing; &quot; ..
						&quot;placetypes searched are %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, reduced_placetype_equivs)
				else
					-- Enable error when we've verified there aren't any examples.
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype&quot;)
					track(&quot;bad-former-placetype/&quot; .. reduced_placetype)
					--process_error(&quot;For placetype '%s', unrecognized placetype following 'former'-type &quot; ..
					--	&quot;qualifier; searched placetype(s) %s&quot;, reduced_placetype, dump(reduced_placetype_equivs))
				end
			elseif former_type ~= &quot;!&quot; then
				-- First check directly for `ANCIENT/FORMER` + the original following placetype. This makes it possible
				-- for (e.g.) former provinces of the Roman empire to be categorized specially.
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. reduced_placetype)
				end
				for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, former_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. former_type)
				end
				-- HACK! See explanation above for `register_former_as_non_former`.
				if register_former_as_non_former then
					process_and_insert_placetype(prev_qualifier, reduced_placetype)
				end
				-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do
				-- `DIRECTIVE ANCIENT/FORMER place` e.g. `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place` as a backup.
				if form_of_directive and not no_fallback then
					for _, former_qualifier in ipairs(former_qualifiers) do
						insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(prev_qualifier, form_of_directive .. &quot; &quot; .. former_qualifier ..
							&quot; place&quot;)
					end
				end

				-- Don't continue processing equivs. The reason is probably the same as the `break` below for
				-- qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[]; categories for `former BLAH` are set using `default`, and
				-- non-former equivs will otherwise take precedence.
				break
			end
		end

		-- Then see if the rightmost split-off qualifier is in qualifier_to_placetype_equivs
		-- (e.g. 'fictional *' -&gt; 'fictional location'). If so, add the mapping.
		if this_qualifier and export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier] then
			insert(equivs, {
				qualifier=prev_qualifier,
				placetype=export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs[unlinked_this_qualifier]
			})
			-- Don't continue processing equivs; otherwise, if we specify 'mythological city', even though the
			-- equivalent entry for 'mythological location' gets inserted ahead of the entry for 'city', the
			-- latter ends up generating the category because the category for 'mythological location' is set as
			-- the default value, which is used only when no non-default category can be found.
			break
		end

		-- Finally, join the rightmost split-off qualifier to the previously split-off qualifiers to form a combined
		-- qualifier, and add it along with reduced_placetype and any mapping in placetype_data for reduced_placetype.
		-- NOTE: The first time through this loop, both `prev_qualifier` and `this_qualifier` are nil, and this inserts
		-- the full placetype into `equivs`.
		local qualifier = prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. &quot; &quot; .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier
		process_and_insert_placetype(qualifier, reduced_placetype)

		-- If `no_fallback` and there's an entry in `placetype_data` for this placetype, don't include any reduced
		-- placetypes to avoid the &quot;overseas territory treated as a territory&quot; issue describe above.
		if no_fallback then
			local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(reduced_placetype, from_category)
			if canon_placetype then
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- If we're processing a form-of directive, after doing everything else we do `DIRECTIVE place` e.g.
	-- `OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place` as a backup; but only if either the placetype as a whole is recognized or the placetype
	-- begins with a recognized qualifier. This latter check is to avoid categorizing into e.g.
	-- [[Category:en:Former names of places]] in an invocation like
	-- {{place|en|@former name of:Democratic Republic of the Congo|country|r/Central Africa|;|used from 1971–1997}};
	-- the `used from 1971–1997` gets treated as a placetype and we're called on it.
	if form_of_directive and not no_fallback and (splits[2] or export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)) then
		insert_placetype_and_fallbacks(nil, form_of_directive .. &quot; place&quot;)
	end

	return equivs
end


function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(equivs, fun, continue_on_nil_only)
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
		local retval = fun(equiv.placetype)
		if continue_on_nil_only and retval ~= nil or not continue_on_nil_only and retval then
			return retval, equiv
		end
	end
	return nil, nil
end


--[==[
Given a placetype `placetype` and a function `fun` of one argument, iteratively call the function on equivalent
placetypes fetched from `get_placetype_equivs` until the function returns a non-falsy value (i.e. not {nil} or {false});
but if `continue_on_nil_only` is specified, the iterations continue until the function returns non non-{nil} value.
FIXME: We should make `continue_on_nil_only` the default; but this requires changing some callers.) When `fun` returns a
non-falsy or non-{nil} value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns two values: the value returned by `fun` and the
equivalent placetype that triggered the non-falsy (or non-{nil}) return value. If `fun` never returns a non-falsy (or
non-{nil}) value, `get_equiv_placetype_prop` returns {nil} for both return values. If `placetype` is passed in as {nil},
the return value is the result of calling `fun` on {nil} (whatever it is) with {nil} for the second return value.
]==]
function export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, fun, props)
	if not placetype then
		return fun(nil), nil
	end
	return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, props), fun,
		props and props.continue_on_nil_only)
end


--[==[
Return the article that is used with an entry placetype. We proceed as follows:
# See if there is a recognized qualifier at the beginning that specifies an article (including `false` for no article).
  This takes precedence over anything else, so that e.g. `various capitals` gets no article rather than &quot;`the&quot;`.
# Then check the placetype or any equivalent placetype for the `entry_placetype_use_the` property, indicating that
  `&quot;the&quot;` should be used.
# Otherwise we look to see if the placetype itself (not any equivalents, even those involving deleting a qualifier from
  the beginning) has an entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the indefinite article using `entry_placetype_use_the`
  (principally for use with placetypes like `union territory`).
# Otherwise, we use [[Module:en-utilities]] to apply the standard algorithm to generate `&quot;an&quot;` for words beginning with
  a vowel and `&quot;a&quot;` otherwise.
If `ucfirst` is true, the first letter of the article is made upper-case.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_article(placetype, ucfirst)
	local art
	local qualifier, reduced_placetype = placetype:match(&quot;^(.-) (.*)$&quot;)
	if qualifier then
		local canon = export.placetype_qualifiers[qualifier]
		if type(canon) == &quot;table&quot; then
			art = canon.article
		end
	end
	if art == false then
		return art
	end
	if art == nil then
		local placetype_use_the = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
			function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;entry_placetype_use_the&quot;) end)
		if placetype_use_the then
			art = &quot;the&quot;
		else
			art = export.get_placetype_prop(placetype, &quot;entry_placetype_indefinite_article&quot;)
			if not art then
				art = --[[require(en_utilities_module).get_indefinite_article(placetype)]] &quot;&quot;
			end
		end
	end

	if ucfirst then
		art = m_strutils.ucfirst(art)
	end

	return art
end


--[==[
Return the preposition that should be used after `placetype` when occurring as an entry placetype or in categories
(e.g. `city &gt;in&lt; France` but `country &gt;of&lt; South America`). The preposition defaults to `&quot;ใน&quot;` if not specified.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_entry_preposition(placetype)
	local pt_prep = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype,
		function(pt) return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;preposition&quot;) end
	)
	return pt_prep or &quot;ใน&quot;
end


--[==[
Given a place desc (see top of file) and a holonym object (see top of file), add a key/value into the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field corresponding to the placetype and placename of the holonym. For example, corresponding
to the holonym &quot;c/Italy&quot;, a key &quot;ประเทศ&quot; with the list value {&quot;Italy&quot;} will be added to the place desc's
`holonyms_by_placetype` field. If there is already a key with that place type, the new placename will be added to the
end of the value's list.
]==]
function export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, holonym)
	if not holonym.placetype then
		return
	end

	-- Key in equivalent placetypes, so that e.g. `cities/San Francisco` gets keyed under `city`; but don't do
	-- fallbacks, as it doesn't seem correct for the &quot;do other holonyms of the same placetype&quot; algorithm to do holonyms
	-- of different types just because they have the same fallback.
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true})
	local unlinked_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename
	for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		local placetype = equiv.placetype
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype = {}
		end
		if not place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] then
			place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype] = {unlinked_placename}
		else
			insert(place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[placetype], unlinked_placename)
		end
	end
end

--[=[
Construct a formatted link from the raw link spec `link` given the canonical singular placetype `sg_placetype`. If the
placetype was originally plural, `orig_placetype` should contain this plural value; otherwise it should be nil. This
will construct the appropriate type of link that displays as `orig_placetype` (or otherwise `sg_placetype`) but links to
whatever the `link` spec specifies (which may be `sg_placetype`, a Wikipedia article, etc.). `ptdata` is the placetype
data structure for the placetype, and `from_category` indicates that we are generating the description of a category
(otherwise we are generating the display form of an entry placetype).
]=]
local function make_placetype_link(link, sg_placetype, orig_placetype, ptdata, from_category, noerror)
	if not from_category and ptdata.disallow_in_entries then
		if noerror then
			return &quot;[not meant to be specified directly, with warning: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries .. &quot;]&quot;
		else
			process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly: &quot; .. ptdata.disallow_in_entries, sg_placetype)
		end
	end
	if link == nil then
		internal_error(&quot;Placetype data present for placetype %s but no link= setting given&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == true then
		if orig_placetype then
			return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype)
		else
			return (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype)
		end
	elseif link == false then
		process_error(&quot;Placetype %s is not meant to be specified directly, but is only for internal use&quot;, sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;w&quot; then
		return (&quot;[[w:%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_placetype, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif link == &quot;separately&quot; then
		if orig_placetype then
			local sg_words = split(sg_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			local orig_words = split(orig_placetype, &quot; &quot;)
			if #sg_words ~= #orig_words then
				internal_error(&quot;Can't construct 'separately' link for plural placetype %s as original placetype %s &quot; ..
					&quot;has different number of words&quot;, orig_placetype, sg_placetype)
			else
				for i = 1, #sg_words do
					if sg_words[i] == orig_words[i] then
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i])
					else
						sg_words[i] = (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(sg_words[i], orig_words[i])
					end
				end
				return concat(sg_words, &quot; &quot;)
			end
		else
			return (sg_placetype:gsub(&quot;([^ ]+)&quot;, &quot;[[%1]]&quot;))
		end
	elseif link:find(&quot;^%+&quot;) then
		link = link:sub(2) -- discard initial +
		return (&quot;[[%s|%s]]&quot;):format(link, orig_placetype or sg_placetype)
	elseif not orig_placetype then
		return link
	else
		return --[[require(en_utilities_module).pluralize(link)]] link
	end
end

--[==[
Get the display form of a placetype by looking it up in `placetype_data`. If the placetype is recognized, or is the
plural of a recognized placetype, the corresponding linked display form is returned (with plural placetypes displaying
as plural but linked to the singular form of the placetype). Otherwise, return nil. If we're generating the description
of a category, `category_type` should be set to one of `&quot;top-level&quot;` (for top-level categories like
[[:Category:Neighborhoods]]), `&quot;noncity&quot;` (for non-city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA]]) or
`&quot;city&quot;` (for city categories like [[:Category:Neighborhoods of Chicago]]). Otherwise, we're generating the description
for use in formatting a {{tl|place}} call, and category-only placetypes ending in `!` will be ignored, along with
special `category_link*` settings. `return_full` is used along with `category_type` and will preferably return the
&quot;full&quot; variant of category link settings, i.e. `full_category_link*`; if they don't exist, the `category_link*` value is
prepended with `&quot;names of&quot;`. `noerror` says to not throw an error when encountering entry placetypes that would be
disallowed.
]==]
function export.get_placetype_display_form(placetype, category_type, return_full, noerror)
	local from_category = not not category_type
	local canon_placetype, ptdata, ptmatch = export.get_placetype_data(placetype, from_category)
	if canon_placetype then
		local raw_link
		local function is_linked_string(str)
			return type(str) == &quot;string&quot; and str:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;)
		end
		if category_type then
			local fetched_full
			local function fetch_maybe_full(prop)
				local retval = ptdata[&quot;full_&quot; .. prop]
				if retval ~= nil then
					if return_full then
						return retval, true
					else
						internal_error(&quot;Saw full_&quot; .. prop .. &quot;=%s but `return_full` not set, can't handle&quot;, retval)
					end
				end
				return ptdata[prop], false
			end
			local function maybe_prefix(str)
				if return_full and not fetched_full then
					return &quot;names of &quot; .. str
				else
					return str
				end
			end
			-- Careful with `false` as possible value.
			if category_type == &quot;top-level&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_top_level&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;noncity&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_noncity&quot;)
			elseif category_type == &quot;city&quot; then --ห้ามแปล
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link_before_city&quot;)
			else
				internal_error('Unrecognized value for `category_type` %s, should be &quot;top-level&quot;, &quot;noncity&quot; or &quot;city&quot;',  --ห้ามแปล
					category_type)
			end
			if type(raw_link) == &quot;string&quot; then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			elseif raw_link ~= nil then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;category_link&quot;)
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
				return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
			end
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;plural_link&quot;)
				if raw_link == false then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return maybe_prefix(raw_link), ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link, fetched_full = fetch_maybe_full(&quot;link&quot;)
			end
			if raw_link == false then
				return raw_link, ptdata
			end
			return maybe_prefix(make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror)), ptdata
		else
			if ptmatch == &quot;plural&quot; then
				raw_link = ptdata.plural_link
				if raw_link == false then
					process_error(&quot;Placetype %s cannot appear plural&quot;, placetype)
				end
				if is_linked_string(raw_link) then
					return raw_link, ptdata
				end
			end
			if raw_link == nil then
				raw_link = ptdata.link
			end
			return make_placetype_link(raw_link, canon_placetype,
				placetype ~= canon_placetype and placetype or nil, ptdata, from_category, noerror), ptdata
		end
	end

	return nil
end


local function resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	local equiv_placetypes = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype)
	for i, equiv in ipairs(equiv_placetypes) do
		equiv_placetypes[i] = equiv.placetype
	end
	local all_display_aliases_found = {}
	local all_others_found = {}
	for group, key, spec in m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = equiv_placetypes,
		placename = placename,
		alias_resolution = &quot;display&quot;,
	} do
		if spec.alias_of and spec.display then
			insert(all_display_aliases_found, {group, key, spec, spec.display_as_full})
		else
			insert(all_others_found, {group, key, spec})
		end
	end
	if not all_display_aliases_found[1] then
		return placename
	elseif all_display_aliases_found[2] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found multiple matching display aliases for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	elseif all_others_found[1] then
		internal_error(&quot;Found a display alias along with other possible meanings for placename %s, placetype %s: &quot; ..
			&quot;all_display_aliases_found=%s, all_others_found=%s&quot;, placename, placetype, all_display_aliases_found,
			all_others_found)
	else
		local group, key, spec, as_full = unpack(all_display_aliases_found[1])
		local full, elliptical = m_locations.key_to_placename(group, key)
		return as_full and full or elliptical
	end
end

--[==[
If `placename` of type `placetype` is a display alias, convert it to its canonical form; otherwise, return unchanged.
Display aliases transform certain placenames into canonical displayed forms. For example, if any of `country/US`,
`country/USA` or `country/United States of America` (or `c/US`, etc.) are given, the result will be displayed as
`United States`.

'''NOTE''': Display aliases change what is displayed from what the editor wrote in the Wikitext. As a result, they
should (a) be non-political in nature, and (b) not involve a change where the word `the` needs to be added or removed.
For example, normalizing `US` and `USA` to `United States` for display purposes is OK but normalizing `Burma` to
`Myanmar` is not (instead a cat alias should be used) because the terms `Burma` and `Myanmar` have clear political
connotations. Similarly, we have a display alias that maps the old name of `Macedonia` as a country (but not a region!)
to `North Macedonia`, but `Republic of Macedonia` is mapped to `North Macedonia` only as a cat alias because the two
terms differ in their use of `the`. (For example, if we had a display alias mapping `Republic of Macedonia` to
`North Macedonia`, the call {{tl|place|en|the &lt;&lt;capital city&gt;&gt; of the &lt;&lt;c/Republic of Macedonia&gt;&gt;}} would wrongly
display as `the [[capital city]] of the [[North Macedonia]]`.) Generally, display normalizations tend to involve
alternative forms (e.g. abbreviations, ellipses, foreign spellings) where the normalization improves clarity and
consistency.
]==]
function export.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	-- If the placename is a link, apply the alias inside the link.
	-- This pattern matches both piped and unpiped links. If the link is not piped, the second capture (linktext) will
	-- be empty.
	local link, linktext = rmatch(placename, &quot;^%[%[([^|%[%]]+)|?([^|%[%]]-)%]%]$&quot;)
	if link then
		if linktext ~= &quot;&quot; then
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, linktext)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. link .. &quot;|&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		else
			local alias = resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, link)
			return &quot;[[&quot; .. alias .. &quot;]]&quot;
		end
	else
		return resolve_unlinked_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename)
	end
end

--[==[
Generate the &quot;prefixed&quot; version of a bare key, i.e. prefix it with `the` if correct for this key.
]==]
function export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)
	if spec.the then
		return &quot;the &quot; .. key
	else
		return key
	end
end

-- Necessary for use by [[Module:place]]. FIXME: Reorganize the modules so this isn't necessary.
export.iterate_matching_location = m_locations.iterate_matching_location

--[=[
Iterator that iterates over holonyms in `place_desc`. If `first_holonym_index` is given, start iterating at the
specified holonym and stop either when there are no more holonyms or a holonym with modifier `:also` is found. If
`first_holonym_index` is nil or omitted, iterate over all holonyms regardless. If `include_raw_text_holonyms` is
specified, raw text holonyms (those not of the form `placetype/placename`) are returned as well; they can be identified
by the fact that the `placetype` field in the holonym structure is nil. Two values are returned at each iteration, the
holonym index and holonym structure, similar to `ipairs()`.
]=]
function export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, first_holonym_index, include_raw_text_holonyms)
	local stop_at_also = not not first_holonym_index
	return function(place_desc, index)
		while true do
			index = index + 1
			local this_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[index]
			-- If we were passed in a starting holonym index, go up to but not including a holonym marked with `:also`
			-- (continue_cat_loop); the categorization code will then restart the loop at that holonym. That holonym
			-- will have `:also` marked on it, so make sure not to stop immediately if the first holonym is marked with
			-- `:also`.
			if not this_holonym or stop_at_also and index &gt; first_holonym_index and this_holonym.continue_cat_loop then
				return nil
			end
			-- If not placetype, we're processing raw text, which we normally want to skip.
			if include_raw_text_holonyms or this_holonym.placetype then
				return index, this_holonym
			end
		end
	end, place_desc, first_holonym_index and first_holonym_index - 1 or 0
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, iterate over all
such known locations, returning for each location the corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of
ancestral containers. Unlike `iterate_matching_location()`, this specifically checks that there is no mismatch between
the location's containers at any level and any of the following holonyms in the {{tl|place}} spec. The fields in `data`
are:
* `holonym_placetype`: The placetype of the holonym. It can actually be a list of possible placetypes, as with
  `iterate_matching_location()`.
* `holonym_placename`: The placename of the holonym.
* `holonym_index`: The index of the holonym among the holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if the holonym is not among the
  holonyms in `place_desc`. (If a holonym index is given, we check for container mismatches among the holonyms
  following the specified index, stopping either when encountering a holonym marked with modifier `:also` or, if none
  exist, when we run out of holonyms. If no holonym index is given, we check all holonyms for container mismatches.)
* `place_desc`: Description of the place; used for the holonyms, to check for container mismatches.

Returns four values: the location group, the canonical key by which the location is known, the spec object describing
the location and the trail of ancestral containers for the location. The first three values are the same as for
`iterate_matching_location`.
]==]
function export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	local matching_location_iterator = m_locations.iterate_matching_location {
		placetypes = holonym_placetype,
		placename = holonym_placename,
	}
	return function()
		while true do
			local group, key, spec = matching_location_iterator()
			if not group then
				return nil
			end
			local container_trail = {}
			-- For each level of container, check that there are no mismatches (i.e. other location of the same
			-- placetype) mentioned. We allow a mismatch at a given level if there's also a match with the container
			-- at that level. For example, in the case of Kansas City, defined in [[Module:place/locations]] as a city
			-- in Missouri, if we define it as {{tl|place|city|s/Missouri,Kansas}}, we ignore the mismatching state of
			-- Kansas because the correct state of Missouri was also mentioned. But imagine we are defining Newark,
			-- Delaware as {{tl|place|city|s/Delaware|c/US}} and (as is the case) we have an entry for Newark, New
			-- Jersey in [[Module:place/locations]]. Just because the containing location `US` matches isn't enough,
			-- because Newark, NJ also has New Jersey as a containing location and there's a mismatch at that level. If
			-- there are no mismatches at any level we assume we're dealing with the right known location.
			--
			-- If at a given level there are multiple containing locations, we count a match if any holonym matches any
			-- containing location, and a mismatch only if a holonym exists of the same placetype that doesn't match any
			-- containing location.
			local containers_mismatch = false
			for containers in m_locations.iterate_containers(group, key, spec) do
				insert(container_trail, containers)
				local match_at_level = false
				local mismatch_at_level = false
				for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc,
					holonym_index and holonym_index + 1 or nil) do
					local other_source_holonym = other_holonym.augmented_from_holonym
					if other_source_holonym and other_source_holonym.placetype == holonym_placetype and
						other_source_holonym.unlinked_placename ~= holonym_placename then
							-- Ignore holonyms added during the augmentation process for other holonyms of the same
							-- placetype as the placetype of the holonym we're considering. See comment in
							-- augment_holonyms_with_container() for why we do this.
							-- continue; grrr, no 'continue' in Lua
					else
						local holonym_matches_at_level = false
						local holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if not container.spec.no_check_holonym_mismatch then
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								local placetypes = container.spec.placetype
								if type(placetypes) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									placetypes = {placetypes}
								end
								local placetype_equivs = {}
								for _, pt in ipairs(placetypes) do
									m_table.extend(placetype_equivs, export.get_placetype_equivs(pt))
								end
								local this_holonym_matches = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype and
											(other_holonym.unlinked_placename == full_container_placename or
											other_holonym.unlinked_placename == elliptical_container_placename)
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_matches then
									holonym_matches_at_level = true
									break
								end
								local this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop_from_equivs(
									placetype_equivs, function(placetype)
										return other_holonym.placetype == placetype
									end
								)
								if this_holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
									-- We seem to have a mismatch at this level. But before we decide conclusively that this
									-- is the case, check to see whether the putative mismatch is an alias and matches when
									-- we resolve the alias.
									for oh_group, oh_key, oh_spec, oh_container_trail in 
										export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
											holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
											holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
											holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
											place_desc = place_desc,
										} do
										local oh_full_placename, oh_elliptical_placename =
											m_locations.key_to_placename(oh_group, oh_key)
										if oh_full_placename == full_container_placename or
											oh_elliptical_placename == elliptical_container_placename then
											-- Alias matched when resolved.
											this_holonym_matches = true
											break
										end
									end
									if this_holonym_matches then
										-- Alias matched above when resolved.
										holonym_matches_at_level = true
										break
									else
										-- Not an alias, or doesn't match when resolved. We have a true mismatch.
										holonym_exists_with_same_placetype = true
									end
								end
							end
						end
						if holonym_matches_at_level then
							match_at_level = true
							break
						end
						if holonym_exists_with_same_placetype then
							mismatch_at_level = true
						end
					end
				end
				if not match_at_level and mismatch_at_level then
					containers_mismatch = true
					break
				end
			end
			if not containers_mismatch then
				return group, key, spec, container_trail
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
If the holonym in `data` (in the format as passed to a category handler) refers to a known location, find and return the
corresponding key, spec and group as well as the trail of ancestral containers. This is like
`iterate_matching_holonym_location()` but throws an error if more than one location matches. (An example where this
would happen is {{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle}}, because there are two known locations named Newcastle. To
fix this, specify additional following disambiguating holonyms, e.g.
{{tl|place|en|neighborhood|city/Newcastle|s/New South Wales}}.
]==]
function export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	local all_found = {}
	for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location(data) do
		insert(all_found, {group, key, spec, container_trail})
	end
	if not all_found[1] then
		return nil
	elseif all_found[2] then
		local holonym_placetype = data.holonym_placetype
		if type(holonym_placetype) == &quot;table&quot; then
			holonym_placetype = concat(holonym_placetype, &quot;,&quot;)
		end
		local found_keys = {}
		for _, found in ipairs(all_found) do
			local _, key, _, _ = unpack(found)
			insert(found_keys, key)
		end
		error((&quot;Found multiple matching locations for holonym '%s/%s'; specify disambiguating context in the &quot; ..
			&quot;containing holonyms: %s&quot;):format(holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, dump(found_keys)))
	else
		return unpack(all_found[1])
	end
end


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Placename and placetype data                            --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--[==[ var:
This is a map from aliases to their canonical forms. Any placetypes appearing as keys here will be mapped to their
canonical forms in all respects, including the display form. Contrast entries in 'placetype_data' with a fallback, which
applies to categorization and other processes but not to display.

The most important aliases are for holonym placetypes, particularly those that occur often such as &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
&quot;จังหวัด&quot; and the like. Particularly long placetypes that mostly occur as entry placetypes (e.g.
&quot;census-designated place&quot;) can be given abbreviations, but it is generally preferred to spell out the entry placetype.
Note also that we purposely avoid certain abbreviations that would be ambiguous (e.g. &quot;d&quot;, which could variously be
interpreted as &quot;department&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot; or &quot;division&quot;).
]==]
export.placetype_aliases = {
	[&quot;acomm&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community&quot;,
	[&quot;adr&quot;] = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;adterr&quot;] = &quot;administrative territory&quot;, -- Pakistan
	[&quot;aobl&quot;] = &quot;autonomous oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;aokr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;ap&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;apref&quot;] = &quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;aprov&quot;] = &quot;autonomous province&quot;,
	[&quot;ar&quot;] = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	[&quot;arch&quot;] = &quot;archipelago&quot;,
	[&quot;arep&quot;] = &quot;autonomous republic&quot;,
	[&quot;aterr&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territory&quot;,
	[&quot;atu&quot;] = &quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;,
	[&quot;bor&quot;] = &quot;borough&quot;,
	[&quot;c&quot;] = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	[&quot;can&quot;] = &quot;canton&quot;,
	[&quot;carea&quot;] = &quot;council area&quot;,
	[&quot;cc&quot;] = &quot;constituent country&quot;,
	[&quot;cdblock&quot;] = &quot;community development block&quot;,
	[&quot;cdep&quot;] = &quot;Crown dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;CDP&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;cdp&quot;] = &quot;census-designated place&quot;,
	[&quot;clcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;co&quot;] = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	[&quot;cobor&quot;] = &quot;county borough&quot;,
	[&quot;colcity&quot;] = &quot;county-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;coll&quot;] = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	[&quot;comm&quot;] = &quot;community&quot;,
	[&quot;cont&quot;] = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
	[&quot;contr&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;contregion&quot;] = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	[&quot;cpar&quot;] = &quot;civil parish&quot;,
	[&quot;damun&quot;] = &quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;dep&quot;] = &quot;dependency&quot;,
	[&quot;department capital&quot;] = &quot;departmental capital&quot;,
	[&quot;dept&quot;] = &quot;department&quot;,
	[&quot;depterr&quot;] = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	[&quot;dist&quot;] = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	[&quot;distmun&quot;] = &quot;district municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;div&quot;] = &quot;division&quot;,
	[&quot;emp&quot;] = &quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;,
	[&quot;fpref&quot;] = &quot;French prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;gov&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;govnat&quot;] = &quot;governorate&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule city&quot;] = &quot;home rule city&quot;,
	[&quot;home-rule municipality&quot;] = &quot;home rule municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;inner-city area&quot;] = &quot;inner city area&quot;,
	[&quot;ires&quot;] = &quot;Indian reservation&quot;,
	[&quot;isl&quot;] = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	[&quot;lbor&quot;] = &quot;London borough&quot;,
	[&quot;lga&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgarea&quot;] = &quot;local government area&quot;,
	[&quot;lgd&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;lgdist&quot;] = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	[&quot;metbor&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan borough&quot;,
	[&quot;metcity&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;metmun&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;mtn&quot;] = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;mun&quot;] = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	[&quot;mundist&quot;] = &quot;municipal district&quot;,
	[&quot;nonmetropolitan county&quot;] = &quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;,
	[&quot;obl&quot;] = &quot;oblast&quot;,
	[&quot;okr&quot;] = &quot;okrug&quot;,
	[&quot;p&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;par&quot;] = &quot;parish&quot;,
	[&quot;parmun&quot;] = &quot;parish municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;pen&quot;] = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	[&quot;plcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;plcolony&quot;] = &quot;Polish colony&quot;,
	[&quot;pref&quot;] = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;prefcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;preflcity&quot;] = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	[&quot;prov&quot;] = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	[&quot;r&quot;] = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	[&quot;range&quot;] = &quot;เทือกเขา&quot;,
	[&quot;rcm&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rcomun&quot;] = &quot;regional county municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;rdist&quot;] = &quot;regional district&quot;,
	[&quot;rep&quot;] = &quot;republic&quot;,
	[&quot;rhrom&quot;] = &quot;rural hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;riv&quot;] = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	[&quot;rmun&quot;] = &quot;regional municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;robor&quot;] = &quot;royal borough&quot;,
	[&quot;romp&quot;] = &quot;Roman province&quot;,
	[&quot;runit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit&quot;,
	[&quot;rurmun&quot;] = &quot;rural municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;s&quot;] = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
	[&quot;sar&quot;] = &quot;special administrative region&quot;,
	[&quot;shrom&quot;] = &quot;settlement hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;spref&quot;] = &quot;subprefecture&quot;,
	[&quot;sprefcity&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sprovcity&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;submet city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;submetropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-prefecture-level city&quot;] = &quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial city&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	[&quot;sub-provincial district&quot;] = &quot;subprovincial district&quot;,
	[&quot;terr&quot;] = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	[&quot;terrauth&quot;] = &quot;territorial authority&quot;,
	[&quot;twp&quot;] = &quot;township&quot;,
	[&quot;twpmun&quot;] = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;uauth&quot;] = &quot;unitary authority&quot;,
	[&quot;ucomm&quot;] = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	[&quot;udist&quot;] = &quot;unitary district&quot;,
	[&quot;uhrom&quot;] = &quot;urban hromada&quot;,
	[&quot;uterr&quot;] = &quot;union territory&quot;,
	[&quot;utwpmun&quot;] = &quot;united township municipality&quot;,
	[&quot;val&quot;] = &quot;valley&quot;,
	[&quot;vdc&quot;] = &quot;village development committee&quot;,
	[&quot;vil&quot;] = &quot;village&quot;,
	[&quot;voi&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship&quot;,
	[&quot;wcomm&quot;] = &quot;Welsh community&quot;,
}

local no_link_def_article = {link = false, article = &quot;the&quot;}
local no_link_no_article = {link = false, article = false}

--[==[ var:
These qualifiers can be prepended onto any placetype and will be handled correctly. For example, the placetype
`large city` will be displayed as `large &lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and categorized as if `city` were specified. If the
value in the following table is a string, the qualifier will display according to the string. If the value is `true`,
the qualifier will be linked to its corresponding Wiktionary entry. If the value is `false`, the qualifier will not be
linked but will appear as-is. Note that these qualifiers do not override placetypes with entries elsewhere that contain
those same qualifiers. For example, the entry for `inland sea` in `placetype_data` will apply in preference to treating
`inland sea` as equivalent to `sea`.
]==]
export.placetype_qualifiers = {
	-- generic qualifiers
	[&quot;huge&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tiny&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;large&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;big&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-size&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;mid-sized&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;small&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;sizable&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;important&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;long&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;short&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;major&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;minor&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;high&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;tall&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;low&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;left&quot;] = false, -- left tributary
	[&quot;right&quot;] = false, -- right tributary
	[&quot;modern&quot;] = false, -- for use in opposition to &quot;ancient&quot; in another definition
	-- &quot;former&quot; qualifiers
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;deserted&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;former&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = &quot;historical&quot;,
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = true,
	-- sea qualifiers
	[&quot;coastal&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inland&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have an entry in placetype_data for 'inland sea' to get a link to [[inland sea]]
	[&quot;maritime&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;overseas&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;seaside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachfront&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;beachside&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;riverside&quot;] = true,
	-- lake qualifiers
	[&quot;freshwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;saltwater&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;endorheic&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;oxbow&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;ox-bow&quot;] = &quot;[[oxbow]]&quot;, -- [[ox-bow]] is a red link
	[&quot;tidal&quot;] = true,
	-- land qualifiers
	[&quot;hilltop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;hilly&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;insular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;peninsular&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chalk&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;karst&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;limestone&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountainous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mountaintop&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;alpine&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;volcanic&quot;] = true, -- for an island
	-- political status qualifiers
	[&quot;autonomous&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;incorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;special&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unincorporated&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;coterminous&quot;] = true,
	-- monetary status/etc. qualifiers
	[&quot;fashionable&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;wealthy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;affluent&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;declining&quot;] = true,
	-- city vs. rural qualifiers
	[&quot;urban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;suburban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;exurban&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outlying&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;remote&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;rural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;outback&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;inner&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;inner-city&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;central&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;outer&quot;] = false,
	-- land use qualifiers
	[&quot;residential&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;agricultural&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;business&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;commercial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;industrial&quot;] = true,
	-- business use qualifiers
	[&quot;railroad&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;railway&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;farming&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;fishing&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mining&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;logging&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;cattle&quot;] = true,
	-- tourism use qualifiers
	[&quot;resort&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'resort city' and 'resort town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;spa&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'spa city' and 'spa town', that take precedecne
	[&quot;ski&quot;] = true, -- note, we also have 'ski resort city' and 'ski resort town', that take precedecne
	-- religious qualifiers
	[&quot;holy&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;sacred&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;religious&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;secular&quot;] = true,
	-- qualifiers for nonexistent places
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = true,
	-- directional qualifiers
	[&quot;northern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;eastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;western&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;north&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;south&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;east&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;west&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeastern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwestern&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southeast&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;northwest&quot;] = false,
	[&quot;southwest&quot;] = false,
	-- seasonal qualifiers
	[&quot;summer&quot;] = true, -- e.g. for 'summer capital'
	[&quot;winter&quot;] = true,
	-- legal status qualifiers
	-- FIXME: Two-word qualifiers don't work yet. But you can enter &quot;de-facto&quot; and it's canonicalized to [[de facto]].
	[&quot;official&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;unofficial&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;de facto&quot;] = true, -- 'de facto capital'
	[&quot;de-facto&quot;] = &quot;[[de facto]]&quot;, -- [[de-facto]] is a red link
	[&quot;de jure&quot;] = true, -- 'de jure capital'
	[&quot;de-jure&quot;] = &quot;[[de jure]]&quot;, -- [[de-jure]] is a red link
	-- NOTE: 'unrecognized/unrecognised' are handled as placetypes 'unrecognized country', 'unrecognized state'
	-- misc. qualifiers
	[&quot;planned&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;chartered&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;landlocked&quot;] = true,
	[&quot;uninhabited&quot;] = true,
	-- superlative qualifiers
	[&quot;first&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;second&quot;] = no_link_def_article, -- for &quot;second largest&quot; etc.
	[&quot;third&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;fourth&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;last&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;only&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;sole&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;main&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;largest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;biggest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;smallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;shortest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;longest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;tallest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;highest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;lowest&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;leftmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;rightmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;innermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;outermost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;westernmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;easternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southwesternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;northeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	[&quot;southeasternmost&quot;] = no_link_def_article,
	-- several/various
	[&quot;several&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;various&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;numerous&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;multiple&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;many&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
	[&quot;other&quot;] = no_link_no_article,
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, the key qualifiers should be treated the same as the value qualifiers for categorization purposes. This
is overridden by `placetype_data` and `qualifier_to_placetype_equivs`.
]==]
export.former_qualifiers = {
	[&quot;abandoned&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ancient&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;former&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;extinct&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historic&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;historical&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;medieval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;mediaeval&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;ruined&quot;] = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	[&quot;traditional&quot;] = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
In this table, any placetypes containing these qualifiers that do not occur in `placetype_data` should be mapped to the
specified placetypes for categorization purposes. Entries here are overridden by `placetype_data`.
]==]
export.qualifier_to_placetype_equivs = {
	[&quot;fictional&quot;] = &quot;fictional location&quot;,
	[&quot;legendary&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythical&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	[&quot;mythological&quot;] = &quot;mythological location&quot;,
	-- For e.g. Taiwan as a &quot;claimed province&quot; of China; parts of Belize as claimed by Guatemala; various islands
	-- claimed by various parties in East Asia. FIXME: We should conditionalize on what is being claimed since there are
	-- also claimed capitals, e.g. Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital.
	[&quot;claimed&quot;] = &quot;claimed political division&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
Mapping from placetypes to the corresponding plural category-only placetype for a capital of that placetype. The reverse
mapping also exists.
]==]
export.placetype_to_capital_cat = {
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = &quot;autonomous community capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = &quot;cantonal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = &quot;comarca capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = &quot;national capitals&quot;,
	-- The following are not obviously different from 'county seats' but the latte terminology is used in the US.
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = &quot;county capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;department&quot;] = &quot;departmental capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;อำเภอ&quot;] = &quot;district capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;division&quot;] = &quot;division capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = &quot;emirate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = &quot;governorate capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = &quot;hromada capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = &quot;krai capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = &quot;metropolitan city capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = &quot;municipal capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = &quot;oblast capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = &quot;okrug capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = &quot;prefectural capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = &quot;provincial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = &quot;raion capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = &quot;regency capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = &quot;regional capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = &quot;regional unit capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = &quot;republic capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = &quot;state capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = &quot;territorial capitals&quot;,
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = &quot;voivodeship capitals&quot;,
}

--[==[ var:
This contains placenames that should be preceded by an article (almost always &quot;the&quot;). '''NOTE''': There are multiple
ways that placenames can come to be preceded by &quot;the&quot;:
# Listed here.
# Given in [[Module:place/locations]] with an initial &quot;the&quot;. All such placenames are added to this map by the code
  just below the map.
# The placetype of the placename has `holonym_use_the = true` in its placetype_data.
# A regex in placename_the_re matches the placename.
Note that &quot;the&quot; is added only before the first holonym in a place description.
]==]
export.placename_article = {
	-- This should only contain info that can't be inferred from [[Module:place/locations]].
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Cyclades&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Dodecanese&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Holy Roman Empire&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		[&quot;North Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Island&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Middle East&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;New Territories&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		[&quot;San Fernando Valley&quot;] = &quot;the&quot;,
	},
}

--[==[ var:
Regular expressions to apply to determine whether we need to put 'the' before a holonym. The key &quot;*&quot; applies to all
holonyms, otherwise only the regexes for the holonym's placetype apply.
]==]
export.placename_the_re = {
	-- We don't need entries for peninsulas, seas, oceans, gulfs or rivers
	-- because they have holonym_use_the = true.
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {&quot;^Isle of &quot;, &quot; Islands$&quot;, &quot; Mountains$&quot;, &quot; Empire$&quot;, &quot; Country$&quot;, &quot; Region$&quot;, &quot; District$&quot;, &quot;^City of &quot;},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {&quot;^Bay of &quot;},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {&quot;^Lake of &quot;},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {&quot;^Republic of &quot;, &quot; Republic$&quot;},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {&quot; [Rr]egion$&quot;},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {&quot; River$&quot;},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {&quot;^Shire of &quot;},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
	[&quot;tribal jurisdictional area&quot;] = {&quot; Reservation&quot;, &quot; Nation&quot;},
}

--[==[ var:
If any of the following holonyms are present, the associated holonyms are automatically added to the end of the list of
holonyms for categorization (but not display) purposes.
]==]
export.cat_implications = {
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		[&quot;Eastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Northeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeastern Europe&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;North Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;South Caucasus&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;East Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Eastern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;West Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Western Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Southeast Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Northern Asia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Anatolia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Asia Minor&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Mesopotamia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;North Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;West Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;East Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Southern Africa&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Africa&quot;},
		[&quot;Central America&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Central America&quot;},
		[&quot;Caribbean&quot;] = {&quot;continent/North America&quot;},
		[&quot;Polynesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Micronesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Melanesia&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Oceania&quot;},
		[&quot;Siberia&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Russian Far East&quot;] = {&quot;country/Russia&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;South Wales&quot;] = {&quot;constituent country/Wales&quot;, &quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;Balkans&quot;] = {&quot;continent/Europe&quot;},
		[&quot;West Bank&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
		[&quot;Gaza Strip&quot;] = {&quot;country/Palestine&quot;, &quot;continent/Asia&quot;},
	}
}


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                              Category and display handlers                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


local function city_type_cat_handler(data)
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	local generic_before_non_cities = export.get_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, &quot;generic_before_non_cities&quot;)
	if not generic_before_non_cities then
		internal_error(&quot;city_type_cat_handler called on placetype %s that doesn't have a `generic_before_non_cities`&quot; ..
			&quot; setting&quot;, entry_placetype)
	end
	local plural_entry_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and not spec.is_city then
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger polity that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in both
		-- &quot;Cities in Osaka Prefecture&quot; and &quot;Cities in Japan&quot;. (But don't do the latter if no_container_cat is set.)
		local cap_plural_entry_placetype = ucfirst(plural_entry_placetype)
		local retcats = {(&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))} --th
		if container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
				insert(retcats, (&quot;%s%s%s&quot;):format(cap_plural_entry_placetype, generic_before_non_cities, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key, container.spec))) --th
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end


local function capital_city_cat_handler(data, non_city)
	local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename, holonym_index, place_desc =
		data.holonym_placetype, data.holonym_placename, data.holonym_index, data.place_desc
	-- The first time we're called we want to return something; otherwise we will be called for later-mentioned
	-- holonyms, which can result in wrongly classifying into e.g. `National capitals`. Simulate the loop in
	-- find_placetype_cat_specs() over holonyms so we get the proper `Cities in ...` categories as well as the capital
	-- category/categories we add below.
	local retcats
	if not non_city and place_desc.holonyms then
		for h_index, holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(place_desc, holonym_index) do
			local h_placetype, h_placename = holonym.placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename
			retcats = city_type_cat_handler {
				entry_placetype = &quot;นคร&quot;,
				holonym_placetype = h_placetype,
				holonym_placename = h_placename,
				holonym_index = h_index,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			}
			if retcats then
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if not retcats then
		retcats = {}
	end

	-- Now find the appropriate capital-type category for the placetype of the holonym, e.g. 'State capitals'. If we
	-- recognize the holonym among the known holonyms in [[Module:place/locations]], also add a category like 'State
	-- capitals of the United States'.  Truncate e.g. 'autonomous region' to 'region', 'union territory' to 'territory'
	-- when looking up the type of capital category, if we can't find an entry for the holonym placetype itself (there's
	-- an entry for 'autonomous community').
	local capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype]
	if not capital_cat then
		capital_cat = export.placetype_to_capital_cat[holonym_placetype:gsub(&quot;^.* &quot;, &quot;&quot;)]
	end
	if capital_cat then
		capital_cat = ucfirst(capital_cat)
		local inserted_specific_variant_cat = false
		if holonym_index then
			-- Now find the first recognized holonym location. We don't stop when :also is seen because of the common pattern
			-- where we use :also to specify that a given city is the capital at multiple surrounding levels.
			local matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail, matching_holonym_index
			for h_index = holonym_index, #place_desc.holonyms do
				if place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype then
					matching_group, matching_key, matching_spec, matching_container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].placetype,
						holonym_placename = place_desc.holonyms[h_index].unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = h_index,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if matching_group then
						matching_holonym_index = h_index
						break
					end
				end
			end
			if matching_holonym_index == holonym_index then
				if matching_container_trail[1] and not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, container in ipairs(matching_container_trail[1]) do
						insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
							container.spec)))
						inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
					end
				end
			elseif matching_holonym_index then
				-- Check to make sure that the holonym placetype we were called on is listed among the
				-- divtypes of the location we found.
				local function insert_specific_variant_if_possible(key, spec)
					return export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(pt)
						local plural_holonym_placetype = export.pluralize_placetype(pt)
						local saw_matching_div
						if spec.divs then
							local divs = spec.divs
							if type(divs) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
								divs = {divs}
							end
							for _, div in ipairs(divs) do
								if type(div) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
									div = {type = div}
								end
								if plural_holonym_placetype == div.type then
									saw_matching_div = true
									break
								end
							end
						end
						if saw_matching_div then
							insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
							return true
						end
						return false
					end)
				end
				if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(matching_key, matching_spec) then
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				elseif not matching_spec.no_container_cat then
					for _, containers in ipairs(matching_container_trail) do
						local saw_no_container_cat = false
						for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
							if insert_specific_variant_if_possible(container.key, container.spec) then
								inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
								break
							end
							saw_no_container_cat = saw_no_container_cat or container.spec.no_container_cat
						end
						if inserted_specific_variant_cat or saw_no_container_cat then
							break
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			-- This happens when in an invocation like {{place|en|capital city|s/Haryana,Punjab}} for
			-- [[Chandigarh]]. We fall back to older code that doesn't depend on the holonym index existing.
			-- FIXME: This may not be necessary. In the example just given, when processing Haryana we add to
			-- [[:Category:en:State capitals of India]], and nothing extra gets added when processing Punjab.
			-- Possibly we can just skip this case entirely.
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
			if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_container_cat then
				for _, container in ipairs(container_trail[1]) do
					insert(retcats, (&quot;%sของ%s&quot;):format(capital_cat, export.get_prefixed_key(container.key,
						container.spec)))
					inserted_specific_variant_cat = true
				end
			end
		end
		if not inserted_specific_variant_cat then
			insert(retcats, capital_cat)
		end
	else
		-- We didn't recognize the holonym placetype; just put in 'Capital cities'.
		insert(retcats, &quot;Capital cities&quot;)
	end
	return retcats
end


--[=[
This is invoked specially for all placetypes (see the `*` placetype key at the bottom of `placetype_data`). This is used
in two ways:
# To add pages to generic holonym categories like [[:Category:en:สถานที่ในMerseyside, England]] (and
  [[:Category:en:สถานที่ในEngland]]) for any pages that have `co/Merseyside` as their holonym.
# To categorize demonyms in bare placename categories like [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] if the demonym
  description mentions `co/Merseyside` and doesn't mention a more specific placename that also has a category. (In this
  case there are none, but we can have demonyms at multiple levels, e.g. in France for individual villages, departments,
  administrative regions, and for the entire country, and for example we only want to categorize a demonym into
  [[:Category:France]] if no more specific category applies.) Unlike when invoked from {{tl|place}}, a demonym
  invocation only adds the most specific holonym category and not the category of any containing polity (hence if we
  add [[:Category:en:Merseyside, England]] we won't also add [[:Category:England]]).

This code also handles cities; e.g. for the first use case above, it would be used to add a page that has `city/Boston`
as a holonym to [[:Category:en:สถานที่ในBoston]], along with [[:Category:en:สถานที่ในMassachusetts, USA]] and
[[:Category:en:สถานที่ในthe United States]]. The city handler tries to deal with the possibility of multiple cities
having the same name. For example, the code in [[Module:place/locations]] knows about the city of [[Columbus]],
[[Ohio]], which has containing polities `Ohio` (a state) and `the United States` (a country). If either containing
polity is mentioned, the handler proceeds to return the key `Columbus` (along with `Ohio, USA` and `the United States`).
Otherwise, if any other state or country is mentioned, the handler returns nothing, and otherwise it assumes the
mentioned city is the one we're considering and returns `Columbus` etc. This works correctly if the place only mentions
Ohio and a holonym for a Columbus in a different country is encountered, because of the function
`augment_holonyms_with_container`, which adds the US as a holonym when Ohio is encountered.

The single parameter `data` is as in category handlers. The return value is a list of categories (without the preceding
language code).
]=]
local function generic_place_cat_handler(data)
	local from_demonym = data.from_demonym

	local retcats = {}
	local function insert_retkey(key, spec)
		if from_demonym then
			insert(retcats, key)
		else
			insert(retcats, (&quot;สถานที่ใน%s&quot;):format(export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)))
		end
	end

	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		if not spec.no_generic_place_cat then
			-- This applies to continents and continental regions.
			insert_retkey(key, spec)
		end
		-- Categorize both in key, and in the larger location(s) that the key is part of, e.g. [[Hirakata]] goes in
		-- both [[Category:สถานที่ในOsaka Prefecture, Japan]] and [[Category:สถานที่ในJapan]]. But not when
		-- no_container_cat is set (e.g. for 'United Kingdom').
		if not spec.no_container_cat then
			for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
				local stop_adding_containers = false
				for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
					if not container.spec.no_generic_place_cat then
						insert_retkey(container.key, container.spec)
					end
					if container.spec.no_container_cat then
						stop_adding_containers = true
					end
				end
				if stop_adding_containers then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		return retcats
	end
end

--[==[
Special category handler run for all placetypes that checks for specified division placetypes of known locations and
categorizes appropriately.
]==]
function export.political_division_cat_handler(data)
	if data.from_demonym then
		return
	end
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group then
		local divlists = {}
		if spec.divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.divs)
		end
		if spec.addl_divs then
			insert(divlists, spec.addl_divs)
		end
		for _, divlist in ipairs(divlists) do
			if type(divlist) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
				divlist = {divlist}
			end
			for _, div in ipairs(divlist) do
				if type(div) == &quot;string&quot; then
					div = {type = div}
				end
				local sgdiv = export.maybe_singularize_placetype(div.type) or div.type
				local prep = div.prep or &quot;ของ&quot;
				local cat_as = div.cat_as or div.type
				if type(cat_as) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
					cat_as = {cat_as}
				end
				if not export.placetype_data[sgdiv] then
					internal_error(&quot;Placetype %s associated with known location key %s and data %s not found in &quot; ..
						&quot;`placetype_data`&quot;, sgdiv, key, spec)
				end
				if sgdiv == data.entry_placetype then
					local retcats = {}
					for _, pt_cat in ipairs(cat_as) do
						if type(pt_cat) == &quot;string&quot; then
							pt_cat = {type = pt_cat}
						end
						local pt_prep = pt_cat.prep or prep
						insert(retcats, ucfirst(pt_cat.type) .. pt_prep .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)) --th
					end
					return retcats
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

--[==[
This is used to add pages to &quot;bare&quot; categories like [[:Category:en:Georgia, USA]] for `[[Georgia]]` and any
foreign-language terms that are translations of the state of Georgia. We look at the page title (or its overridden value
in {{para|pagename}}) as well as the glosses in {{para|t}}/{{para|t2}} etc., various extra-info values such as the
modern names in {{para|modern}}, and any values specified using a form-of directive. We need to pay attention to the
entry placetypes specified so we don't overcategorize; e.g. the US state of Georgia is `[[Джорджия]]` in Russian but the
country of Georgia is `[[Грузия]]`, and if we just looked for matching names, we'd get both Russian terms categorized
into both [[:Category:ru:Georgia, USA]] and [[:Category:ru:Georgia]]. We also need to check the containing holonyms to
make sure there isn't a mismatch (so we don't e.g. categorize Newark, Delaware in [[:Category:en:Newark]], which is
intended for Newark, New Jersey).
]==]
function export.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec)
	local bare_cats = {}
	local place_descs = overall_place_spec.descs

	local possible_placetypes_by_place_desc = {}
	for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i] = {}
		for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do
			if not export.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then
				local equivs = export.get_placetype_equivs(placetype, {register_former_as_non_former = true})
				for _, equiv in ipairs(equivs) do
					insert(possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i], equiv.placetype)
				end
			end
		end
	end

	local function check_term(term)
		-- Treat Wikipedia links like local ones.
		term = term:gsub(&quot;%[%[w:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;):gsub(&quot;%[%[wikipedia:&quot;, &quot;[[&quot;)
		term = export.remove_links_and_html(term)
		term = term:gsub(&quot;^the &quot;, &quot;&quot;)
		for i, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
			-- Iterate over all matching locations in case there are multiple, as with Delhi defined as
			-- {{place|en|megacity/and/union territory|c/India|containing the national capital [[New Delhi]]}}.
			for group, key, spec, container_trail in export.iterate_matching_holonym_location {
				holonym_placetype = possible_placetypes_by_place_desc[i],
				holonym_placename = term,
				place_desc = place_desc,
			} do
				insert(bare_cats, key)
			end
		end
	end

	-- FIXME: Should we only do the following if the language is English (requires that the lang is passed in)?
	-- We should always do it if `pagename` is given (as it is with {{tcl}}) but maybe not otherwise unless 1=en. There
	-- are cases like [[Ankara]] = English name for capital of Turkey, but also the name in various languages for the
	-- capital of Ghana (= English [[Accra]]). But this should get caught by mismatching the containing country. The
	-- advantage of checking when the language isn't English is we catch those places that fail to give an English
	-- translation but where the translation happens to be the same as the other-language spelling. However, I don't
	-- know how often this situation occurs.
	check_term(args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText)
	for _, t in ipairs(args.t) do
		check_term(t)
	end
	local function check_termobj_list(terms)
		for _, term in ipairs(terms) do
			if term.eq then
				check_term(term.eq)
			end
			if term.alt or term.term then
				check_term(term.alt or term.term)
			end
		end
	end

	for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do
		local arg = extra_info_terms.arg
		if arg == &quot;modern&quot; or arg == &quot;now&quot; or arg == &quot;full&quot; or arg == &quot;short&quot; then
			check_termobj_list(extra_info_terms.terms)
		end
	end
	for _, directive in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do
		check_termobj_list(directive.terms)
	end

	return bare_cats
end


--[==[
This is used to augment the holonyms associated with a place description with the containing polities. For example,
given the following:

`# {{tl|place|en|subprefecture|pref/Hokkaido}}.`

We auto-add Japan as another holonym so that the term gets categorized into [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]].
To avoid over-categorizing we need to check to make sure no other countries are specified as holonyms.
]==]
function export.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descs)
	for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descs) do
		if place_desc.holonyms then
			-- This ends up containing a copy of the original holonyms, with the augmented holonyms inserted in their
			-- appropriate position. We don't just put them at the end because some holonyms have use the `:also`
			-- modifier, which causes category processing to restart at that point after generating categories for a
			-- preceding holonym, and we don't want the preceding holonym's augmented holonyms interfering with
			-- categorization of a later holonym. We proceed from right to left, and each time we augment, we copy
			-- the holonyms with the augmented holonym(s) inserted appropriately and replace the place description's
			-- holonyms with the augmented ones before the next iteration. The reason for this is so that e.g.
			-- {{place|neighborhood|city/Birmingham|co/West Midlands|cc/England}} doesn't throw an error during the
			-- augmentation process due to 'Birmingham' referring to two known locations (in England and Alabama). If
			-- we go left to right, we will throw an ambiguity error on `city/Birmingham` because code to exclude
			-- Birmingham, Alabama needs `c/United Kingdom` present (to cause a mismatch with `c/United States`),
			-- which isn't yet present as the augmentation code hasn't gotten to `cc/England` yet. For similar
			-- reasons, we need to include the augmented holonyms in the holonyms considered in the next iteration
			-- rather than modifying the place description once at athe end.
			for i = #place_desc.holonyms, 1, -1 do
				local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[i]
				if holonym.placetype and not export.placetype_is_ignorable(holonym.placetype) then
					local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location {
						holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype,
						holonym_placename = holonym.unlinked_placename,
						holonym_index = i,
						place_desc = place_desc,
					}
					if group and container_trail[1] and not spec.no_auto_augment_container then
						local augmented_holonyms = {}
						for j = 1, i do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						for _, containers in ipairs(container_trail) do
							local any_no_auto_augment_container = false
							for _, container in ipairs(containers) do
								any_no_auto_augment_container = any_no_auto_augment_container or
									container.spec.no_auto_augment_container
								local containing_type = container.spec.placetype
								if type(containing_type) == &quot;table&quot; then
									-- If the containing type is a list, use the first element as the canonical variant.
									containing_type = containing_type[1]
								end
								local full_container_placename, elliptical_container_placename =
									m_locations.key_to_placename(container.group, container.key)
								-- Don't side-effect holonyms while processing them.
								local new_holonym = {
									-- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to
									-- set display_placename.
									placetype = containing_type,
									-- placename_to_key() for the group should correctly handle both full and elliptical
									-- placenames, but the full placename seems less likely to be ambiguous. FIXME: We
									-- should just store the key directly and use it when available to avoid having to
									-- convert key to placename and back to key.
									unlinked_placename = full_container_placename,
									-- Indicate that this is an augmented holonym, and was derived from the specified
									-- holonym. In iterate_matching_holonym_location(), we ignore augmented holonyms
									-- derived from holonyms that are different from the holonym we're searching for but
									-- of the same placetype. This is to correctly handle a situation like
									-- {{place|river|dept/Ardèche,Gard,Vaucluse,Bouches-du-Rhône|c/France}}. Here,
									-- `Ardèche` is in `r/Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes`, while `Gard` is in `r/Occitania` and
									-- the other two are in `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur`. Augmenting proceeds from
									-- right to left, so after it adds `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` to
									-- `Bouches-du-Rhône`, Vaucluse gets augmented correctly but `Gard` fails to match
									-- in find_matching_holonym_location() because of the mismatch between augmented
									-- `r/Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur` and actual `r/Occitania`. Similarly, all later
									-- calls to find_matching_holonym_location() fail to match `Gard` (and likewise
									-- `Ardèche`) against any known location. To deal with this, we mark augmented
									-- holoynms as being augmented due to a source holonym, and when processing a given
									-- holonym, ignore augmented holonyms from other holonyms of the same placetype.
									-- The restriction to the same placetype is so that `Birmingham` still gets
									-- correctly disambiguated to Birmingham, England in the example given above near
									-- the top of this function, using the augmented holonym `c/United Kingdom` added by
									-- the specified `cc/England` (whose placetype `constituent country` differs from
									-- the placetype `city` of Birmingham).
									augmented_from_holonym = holonym,
								}
								insert(augmented_holonyms, new_holonym)
								-- But it is safe to modify other parts of the place_desc.
								export.key_holonym_into_place_desc(place_desc, new_holonym)
							end
							if any_no_auto_augment_container then
								break
							end
						end
						for j = i + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do
							insert(augmented_holonyms, place_desc.holonyms[j])
						end
						place_desc.holonyms = augmented_holonyms
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


-- Cat handler for district, areas, neighborhoods and suburbs. Districts are tricky because they can either be political
-- divisions or city neighborhoods. Areas similarly can be political divisions (rarely; specifically, in Kuwait), city
-- neighborhoods or larger geographical areas/regions. We handle this as follows:
-- (1) `placetype_data` cat entries for specific countries or country divisions take precedence over cat_handlers, so if
--     the user says {{tl|place|district|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}, we won't even be called because there is an entry that
--     categorizes into [[:Category|Districts of Maharashtra, India]].
-- (2) If we're called, we check the holonym we're called on to see if it is a recognized city, e.g. if we're called
--     using {{tl|place|district|city/Mumbai|s/Maharashtra|c/India}}. If so, we categorize under e.g.
--     [[:Category:Neighbourhoods of Mumbai]]. (Choosing the spelling &quot;neighbourhoods&quot; because we're in India.)
-- (3) If we're called and the holonym is not a recognized city, we check if the placetype has has_neighborhoods set.
--     If so, it's &quot;city-like&quot; and we categorize under the first containing polity that we recognize. For example, if
--     we're called using {{tl|place|district|town/Northampton|co/Hampshire|s/Massachusetts|c/US}}, we should recognize
--     town as &quot;city-like&quot; and categorize under [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Massachusetts]]. (Note &quot;ใน&quot; not &quot;ของ&quot;, and
--     note the spelling &quot;neighborhoods&quot; because we're in the US.)
-- (4) If the holonym is not city-like, we do nothing. If there's a city or city-like placetype farther up (e.g. we're
--     called as {{tl|place|district|ward/Foo|mun/Bar|...}}), we will handle the city-like entity according to (2) or
--     (3) when called on that holonym. Otherwise either the categorization in (1) takes place or there's no
--     categorization.
local function district_neighborhood_cat_handler(data)
	local function get_plural_entry_placetype(location_spec, container_trail)
		if data.entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
			return &quot;Suburbs&quot;
		else
			-- Check for `british_spelling` setting on the spec itself or any container.
			local uses_british_spelling = location_spec.british_spelling
			if uses_british_spelling == nil and container_trail then
				for _, container_set in ipairs(container_trail) do
					local must_outer_break = false
					for _, container in ipairs(container_set) do
						if container.spec.british_spelling ~= nil then
							uses_british_spelling = container.spec.british_spelling
							must_outer_break = true
							break
						end
					end
					if must_outer_break then
						break
					end
				end
			end

			return uses_british_spelling and &quot;Neighbourhoods&quot; or &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;
		end
	end

	-- First check the immediate holonym to see if it's a city or a city-like top-level entity (Hong Kong, Bonaire,
	-- etc.)
	local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(data)
	if group and not spec.is_former_place and spec.is_city then
		return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. &quot; of &quot; .. export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
	end

	-- If the entry placetype is neighbo(u)rhood, assume it is a neighborhood even if there isn't a city-like
	-- entity father up the chain. (E.g. due to a mistaken use of m/ instead of mun/ for municipality.)
	local has_neighborhoods
	local entry_placetype = data.entry_placetype
	if entry_placetype == &quot;neighborhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;neighbourhood&quot; or entry_placetype == &quot;suburb&quot; then
		has_neighborhoods = true
	else
		-- Otherwise, make sure the current holonym is city-like.
		has_neighborhoods = export.get_equiv_placetype_prop(data.holonym_placetype, function(pt)
			return export.get_placetype_prop(pt, &quot;has_neighborhoods&quot;)
		end, {continue_on_nil_only = true})
	end
	if has_neighborhoods then
		-- Loop up the holonyms, looking for city and city-like entities in case of e.g. [[Sepulveda]] written
		-- {{place|en|neighborhood|valley/San Fernando Valley|city/Los Angeles|s/California|c/USA}}
		-- but also look for a recognizable poldiv, and if so categorize as &quot;Neighborhoods in POLDIV&quot;. We need
		-- to start with the current holonym, which is especially important for neighborhoods and suburbs that
		-- may have the first holonym be a recognizable province, etc. but can't hurt otherwise. (Previously
		-- we skipped the first/current holonym.)
		for other_holonym_index, other_holonym in export.get_holonyms_to_check(data.place_desc,
			data.holonym_index) do
			local other_holonym_data = {
				holonym_placetype = other_holonym.placetype,
				holonym_placename = other_holonym.unlinked_placename,
				holonym_index = other_holonym_index,
				place_desc = data.place_desc,
			}
			local group, key, spec, container_trail = export.find_matching_holonym_location(other_holonym_data)
			if group and not spec.is_former_place then
				return {get_plural_entry_placetype(spec, container_trail) .. (spec.is_city and &quot;ของ&quot; or &quot;ใน&quot;) ..
					export.get_prefixed_key(key, spec)}
			end
		end
	end
end


function export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	local canon_placename = ulower(m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename))
	if type(already_seen_strings) ~= &quot;table&quot; then
		already_seen_strings = {already_seen_strings}
	end
	for _, already_seen_string in ipairs(already_seen_strings) do
		if canon_placename:find(already_seen_string) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end


-- Prefix display handler that adds a prefix such as &quot;Metropolitan Borough of &quot; to the display
-- form of holonyms. We make sure the holonym doesn't contain the prefix or some variant already.
-- We do this by checking if any of the strings in ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS, either a single string or
-- a list of strings, or the prefix if ALREADY_SEEN_STRINGS is omitted, are found in the holonym
-- placename, ignoring case and links. If the prefix isn't already present, we create a link that
-- uses the raw form as the link destination but the prefixed form as the display form, unless the
-- holonym already has a link in it, in which case we just add the prefix.
local function prefix_display_handler(prefix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(prefix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return prefix .. &quot; &quot; .. holonym_placename
	end
	return prefix .. &quot; [[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]]&quot;
end


-- Suffix display handler that adds a suffix such as &quot; parish&quot; to the display form of holonyms.
-- Works identically to prefix_display_handler but for suffixes instead of prefixes.
local function suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename, already_seen_strings, include_suffix_in_link)
	if export.check_already_seen_string(holonym_placename, already_seen_strings or ulower(suffix)) then
		return holonym_placename
	end
	if holonym_placename:find(&quot;%[%[&quot;) then
		return holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix
	end
	if include_suffix_in_link then
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot; &quot; .. suffix .. &quot;]]&quot;
	else
		return &quot;[[&quot; .. holonym_placename .. &quot;]] &quot; .. suffix
	end
end

-- Display handler for boroughs. New York City boroughs are display as-is. Others are suffixed
-- with &quot;borough&quot;.
local function borough_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.new_york_boroughs[unlinked_placename] then
		-- Hack: don't display &quot;borough&quot; after the names of NYC boroughs
		return holonym_placename
	end
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;borough&quot;, holonym_placename)
end

local function county_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	-- Display handler for Irish counties. Irish counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;County [[Cork]]&quot;.
	if m_locations.ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Ireland&quot;] or
		m_locations.northern_ireland_counties[&quot;County &quot; .. unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Northern Ireland&quot;] then
		return prefix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Taiwanese counties. Taiwanese counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Chiayi]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.taiwan_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Taiwan&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- Display handler for Romanian counties. Romanian counties are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Cluj]] County&quot;.
	if m_locations.romania_counties[unlinked_placename .. &quot; County, Romania&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	-- FIXME, we need the same for US counties but need to key off the country, not the specific county.
	-- Others are displayed as-is.
	return holonym_placename
end


-- Display handler for prefectures. Japanese prefectures are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fukushima]] Prefecture&quot;.
-- Others are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Fthiotida]] prefecture&quot;.
local function prefecture_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	local suffix = m_locations.japan_prefectures[unlinked_placename .. &quot; Prefecture, Japan&quot;] and &quot;Prefecture&quot; or &quot;prefecture&quot;
	return suffix_display_handler(suffix, holonym_placename)
end

-- Display handler for provinces of Iran, Laos, North and South Korea, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. Recognized
-- provinces are displayed as e.g. &quot;[[Gyeonggi]] Province&quot; or &quot;[[Antalya]] Province&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function province_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if
		m_locations.iran_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Iran&quot;] or
		m_locations.laos_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Laos&quot;] or
		m_locations.north_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, North Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.south_korea_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, South Korea&quot;] or
		m_locations.thailand_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, ไทย&quot;] or
		m_locations.turkey_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, Turkey&quot;] or
		m_locations.vietnam_provinces[unlinked_placename .. &quot;, เวียดนาม&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;จังหวัด&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for Nigerian states. Nigerian states are display as &quot;[[Kano]] State&quot;. Others are displayed as-is.
local function state_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	local unlinked_placename = m_links.remove_links(holonym_placename)
	if m_locations.nigeria_states[unlinked_placename .. &quot; State, Nigeria&quot;] then
		return suffix_display_handler(&quot;รัฐ&quot;, holonym_placename)
	end
	return holonym_placename
end

-- Display handler for voivodeships. Display as e.g. [[Subcarpathian Voivodeship]].
local function voivodesip_display_handler(holonym_placetype, holonym_placename)
	return suffix_display_handler(&quot;Voivodeship&quot;, holonym_placename, nil, &quot;include_suffix_in_link&quot;)
end

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                     Placetype data                                   --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--[==[ var:
Main placetype data structure. This specifies, for each canonicalized placetype, various properties. The keys are
placetypes (in the singular, except for category-only placetypes, which are plural and followed by `!`), and the value
is a table of properties.  The `&quot;*&quot;` key is special and is used for adding &quot;generic&quot; categories of the form
`สถานที่ใน``location`` `; it runs for all entry placetypes. Keys in the form of plural placetypes followed by `!` are
used only in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for specifying the properties of categories containing the
specified placetype, esp. bare categories like [[:Category:States and territories]] (rather than qualified categories
like [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]]).

Keys under the value table for a given placetype of are two types: ''property keys'' (which specify the value of
specific properties) and ''categorization keys'' (which tell how to categorize certain sorts of holonyms if the
placetype in question occurs as an entry placetype). Categorization keys are either the special value `default` or are
wildcard strings with a slash in them, such as `&quot;country/*&quot;`. Note that only wildcard strings are currently allowed
directly in the placetype data; everything else is handled through category handlers, either per-placetype or special
(such as `political_division_cat_handler`). The algorithm for how category keys and handlers are used to generate
categories is described at the top of [[Module:place]].

There are several recognized property keys, of various types:

1. The following link-related property keys are recognized:
* `link`: '''Required''' except in category-only placetypes ending in `!`. Describes how to link and display the
  placetype in the formatted description when occurring as an entry placetype. Also used for formatting pluralized
  placetypes (which may occur in entry placetypes, esp. new-format ones, such as `two &lt;&lt;islands&gt;&gt;`) and may occur in
  categories). The possible values are:
*# `true`: Link to the same-named Wiktionary entry. This creates a raw link, e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which is
   converted to an English-specific link by JavaScript postprocessing. If the placetype is plural, this creates a
   two-part raw link e.g. `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[city|cities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
*# `&quot;w&quot;`: Link to the same-named Wikipedia entry. This creates a two-part link, e.g.
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census town]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:census town|census towns]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if the
   placetype is given plural.
*# `&quot;+...&quot;`: Create a two-part link to the entry following the `+` sign. For example, if `cercle` specifies
   `&quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;`, a two-part link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` will be generated, or
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[w:cercles of Mali|cercles]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `cercles` is specified.
*# `&quot;separately&quot;`: Link each word separately. For example, if `administrative territory` specifies `&quot;separately&quot;`, it
   will be linked as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, or as
   `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[administrative]] [[territory|territories]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` if plural `administrative territories` is given.
*# another string: Use that string directly. If the placetype is plural, `pluralize()` in [[Module:en-utilities]] is
   called on the string, which will correctly pluralize most strings, including those with links in them. (If there
   are multiple links, the display form of the last link is pluralized.)
*# `false`: This placetype is not allowed as an entry placetype. An error will be thrown if this placetype is given as
   an entry placetype. This is specified for internal-use placetypes, especially placetypes used in conjunction with
   the qualifiers `former`, `ancient`, `historical` and such.
* `plural_link`: If specified and the placetype is plural, use the value in place of generating a pluralized version of
  the link spec in `link`. Most commonly, this is either a string with links in it (which is used directly) or the
  value `false`, indicating that the placetype cannot occur plural. (This is used for example by `caplc`, which displays
  as `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, where a plural version doesn't make sense.) Generally if
  this is specified, `plural` also needs to be specified to give a special placetype plural; this situation occurs
  especially with multiword placetypes where something other than the last word is pluralized. An example is
  `town with bystatus`, whose plural is `towns with bystatus`, which needs to be explicitly given. This example uses
  `link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;` ({{m|nb|bystatus}}) is a Norwegian
  Bokmål word, and template calls aren't currently permitted in link strings), along with
  `plural_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `category_link`: Spec indicating how to display the placetype when occurring in category descriptions. Defaults to
  the value of `link`, and in turn is overridden by more specific `category_link_*` keys; see below. Category-only
  placetypes (which are plural and end in `!`) usually use `category_link` in preference to `link`. The value of
  `category_link` can be any of the types of specs given above, but most commonly is a plural string with links in it,
  spelling out the description; in this case it is used directly. When both `category_link` and `link` are given, the
  value in `category_link` is typically longer and more descriptive. For example, `polity` uses `link = true`, which
  just generates a link `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;` or plural `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[polity|polities]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, but specifies a
  separate `category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, which
  clarifies in the category description what a polity is.
* `category_link_top_level`: Spec indicating how to display top-level (bare/unqualified) categories, i.e. categories
  where the placetype is not followed by `in ``location`` ` or `of ``location`` `. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_noncity`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` does not refer to a city. If given, this overrides
  `category_link` for this type of category.
* `category_link_before_city`: Spec indicating how to display qualified categories of the form
  ` ``placetypes`` in/of ``location`` ` where ``location`` refer to a city. If given, this overrides `category_link` for
  this type of category. An example where this is given is `neighborhood`, which uses the following specs:&lt;ol&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`link = true`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;`category_link_before_city = &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;`&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;/ol&gt; This has the effect of making the entry placetype `neighborhood` display as just
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;`, while e.g. a category like `Neighborhoods of Chicago` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[Chicago]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;` and a category like
  `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` displays as
  `&lt;nowiki&gt;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]] in [[Illinois]], ...&lt;/nowiki&gt;`.
* `disallow_in_entries`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as an entry placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.
* `disallow_in_holonyms`: If specified, this placetype cannot occur as a holonym placetype, and the specified value
  (a message indicating what to use instead) is displayed in the error message.

2. There is currently one fallback-related property key recognized:
* `fallback`: If specified, its value is a placetype which will be used for categorization purposes if no categories
  get added using the placetype itself. As an example, `branch` sets a fallback of `river` but also sets
  `preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;`, meaning that {{tl|place|en|branch|riv/Mississippi}} displays as `a branch of the Mississippi`
  (whereas `river` itself uses the preposition `in`), but otherwise categorizes the same as `river`. A more complex
  example is `area`, which sets a fallback of `geographic and cultural area` and also sets a category handler that
  checks for cities or city-like entities (e.g. boroughs) occurring as holonyms and categorizes the toponym under
  [[:Category:Neighborhoods of CITY]] (for recognized cities) or otherwise [[:Category:Neighborhoods of POLDIV]] (for
  the nearest containing recognized location). In addition, `area` is set as a political division of Kuwait, meaning if
  `c/Kuwait` occurs as holonym, the toponym is categorized under [[:Category:Areas of Kuwait]]. If none of these
  categories trigger, the fallback of `geographic and cultural area` will take effect, and the toponym will be
  categorized as e.g. [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]].

3. There is currently one property to control irregular plurals of placetypes:
* `plural`: If specified, its value is the plural of the placetype. Otherwise, the default pluralization algorithm in
  [[Module:en-utilities]] applies (which correctly pluralizes most words, including those ending in `-y`, `-ch`, `-sh`,
  `-x`, etc.). The value of `plural` is also used when converting a pluralized placetype into its singular equivalent;
  for example, since the placetype `kibbutz` has `plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;`, the placetype `kibbutzim` will be recognized
  as a plural and singularized to `kibbutz`. For this reason, it's occasionally necessary to specify a `plural` value
  even when the default pluralization algorithm works correctly, if the default singularization algorithm won't
  correctly reverse the pluralization (as with `pass` and other terms ending in `-ss`).

4. The following property keys relate to generating categories for entry placetypes and specifying the parents of those
   categories:
* `class`: The general class of placetype. This is used for various purposes: (a) to categorize placetypes preceded by
  a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` (note that these placetypes are not all treated
  alike); (b) to determine the parent category of bare placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages]] for placetype
  `village`); (c) to determine whether to add a parent category `political divisions of specific countries` to
  qualified placetype categories (e.g. [[:Category:Villages in Mali]]). The possible values are:
*# `polity`: a more-or-less sovereign/independent polity, such as a country, kingdom or empire.
*# `subpolity`: a non-sovereign division of a polity, above the level of an individual settlement.
*# `settlement`: a city or smaller equivalent, such as a village. This also includes administrative divisions of a
   settlement, such as wards and barangays.
*# `non-admin settlement`: similar to a settlement but without administrative or political significance, such as an
   unincorporated community, farm or neighborhood.
*# `capital`: a settlement that is a capital. A former capital is generally still in existence, just not the capital
   any more.
*# `natural feature`: any non-man-made feature, such as a lake, mountain, island, ocean, etc.
*# `man-made structure`: a man-made feature below the level of a neighborhood, such as a house, airport, university,
   metro station, park or the like.
*# `geographic region`: a geographic or cultural region or area that has no administrative significance. These may vary
   greatly in size but typically have some sort of cultural significance (possibly historical). The `former`, `ancient`,
   etc. qualifier has no effect on the category of these placetypes.
*# `generic place`: a place that isn't further qualified into any specific subtype.
* `former_type`: The class of placetype used for categorizing placetypes preceded by a qualifier such as `former`,
  `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical`. The possible values are the same as for `class` but with the addition of
  `dependent territory` (for colonies, protectorates and the like) and `!` (ignore the historical/former/ancient/etc.
  qualifier; used e.g. with `fictional location` and `mythological location`). If not specified, the value of `class`
  is used. When a qualifier such as `former`, `ancient`, `medieval` or `historical` is encountered (specifically, those
  in `former_qualifiers`), it is mapped using `former_qualifiers` to the appropriate internal qualifier or qualifiers
  (one or both of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`, which are written in all-caps to distinguish them from user-specified
  qualifiers), which is prepended to the value of `former_type` or `class` to form a placetype whose properties are
  looked up to determine how to categorize the toponym in question. For example, if `medieval village` is given, we map
  `medieval` to `ANCIENT` and `FORMER`, and `village` to its `class` of `settlement`, and enter the placetypes
  `ANCIENT settlement` and `FORMER settlement` (in that order) into the list of equivalent placetypes returned by
  `get_placetype_equivs`. In this case, there is an entry in `placetype_data` for `ANCIENT settlement`, so its default
  category spec `Ancient settlements` is used as the category. If on the other hand `medieval kingdom` is given, where
  `kingdom` has a `class` value `polity`, we first look up `ANCIENT polity`, see there is no entry in `placetype_data`
  for it, and then look up `FORMER polity`, which exists and has a default category spec `Former polities`, which is
  used as the category. Note that if the placetype following the &quot;former&quot; qualifier is recognized in `placetype_data`
  but has no `former_type` or `class` and no fallback with a `former_type` or `class` specified, it is an internal
  error; but if the placetype isn't recognized (e.g. something like `former greenhouse` is specified and we don't have
  an entry for `greenhouse`), we just track the occurrence and end up not categorizing.
* `bare_category_parent`: This specifies the first parent category of a bare placetype category named according to the
  placetype in question (e.g. [[:Category:Atolls]] for placetype `atoll`, or [[:Category:Named buildings]] for
  placetype `named buildings!`). If not specified, the first parent category is determined by the value of `class`,
  using the mapping `class_to_bare_category_parent` in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
* `addl_bare_category_parents`: Extra parent categories to add a bare placetype category to (see `bare_category_parent`
  just above).
* `bare_category_breadcrumb`: Breadcrumb for bare placetype categories. Also used as the sort key of
  `bare_category_parent` if it is a string.
* `inherently_former`: If specified and the given placetype is used as an entry placetype, act as if `former` or
  `ancient` (depending on the value of `inherently_former`) were prefixed to the placetype. This is for placetypes that
  always refer to no-longer-existing entities, such as `satrapy` and `treaty port`. The value of `inherently_former` is
  a list of internal qualifiers (one or more of `ANCIENT` and/or `FORMER`), just as for `former_qualifiers`, and the
  implementation is the same.
* `cat_handler`: Handler used to generate the categories to add a given toponym to, if its entry placetype is the
  placetype in question. Generally the `cat_handler` function checks the holonyms specified in order to determine which
  category or categories to generate. For example, `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` handles placetypes `district`,
  `neighborhood`, `subdivision`, `suburb` and the like, and either adds the toponym to a category like
  `Neighborhoods of ``city`` ` (if a recognized city is given as a holonym), or otherwise a category like
  `Neighborhoods in ``location`` ` (for the first recognized non-city location given as a holonym, if an unrecognized
  city or city-like entity is given before the recognized non-city). The algorithm that runs the category handlers
  iterates over holonyms from left to right, running the `cat_handler` function on each holonym in turn until one or
  more categories are returned; see below for more specifics. (Note that countries for which e.g. a `district` is a
  political division do not get the corresponding category added by the `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` function but
  by `political_division_cat_handler`.) `cat_handler` functions are called with one argument, `data`, describing the
  resolved entry placetype (i.e. after resolving placetype aliases and fallbacks) and the holonym being processed. The
  return value should be a list of category specs (categories minus the langcode prefix, with `+++` standing for the
  holonym key, or the value `true`, which stands for ` ``Placetypes`` in/of ``Holonym`` `, i.e. the pluralized placetype
  with the appropriate preposition as specified in `placetype_data`). `data` contains the following fields:
** `entry_placetype`: the resolved entry placetype for the entry placetype being processed (i.e. it will always have an
   entry in `placetype_data` but may not be the original placetype given by the user);
** `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename`: the holonym placetype and placename being processed;
** `holonym_index`: the index of the holonym being processed, or {nil} if we're handling an overriding holonym (FIXME:
   we will change the overriding holonym algorithm so there will be an index even when processing overriding holonyms);
** `place_desc`: a full description of the {{tl|place}} call, as specified at the top of [[Module:place]];
** `from_demonym`: If set, we are called from [[Module:demonym]], triggered by {{tl|demonym-adj}} or
   {{tl|demonym-noun}}, instead of being triggered by {{tl|place}}.
* `has_neighborhoods`: If `true`, the specified placetype is city-like. This is used in the
  `district_neighborhood_cat_handler` to determine whether to add a category such as `Neighborhoods in ``location`` `;
  see the section just above on `cat_handler`.

5. The following preposition-related property keys are recognized:
* `preposition`: The preposition used after this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype. Defaults to `&quot;ใน&quot;`.
* `generic_before_non_cities`: If specified, the appropriate category description handler in
  [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] will recognize categories of the form
  ` ``Placetype`` in/of ``location`` ` for the specified placetype and preposition, if ``location`` is a non-city. This
  is used to generate descriptions for categories added by category handlers and by explicit category specs in the
  placetype data. All placetypes that specify `generic_before_non_cities` or `generic_before_cities` *MUST* also specify
  a value for `class` so that the category tree code can determine whether it's a political or non-political division.
* `generic_before_cities`: Like `generic_before_non_cities` but for locations referring to cities.

6. The following property keys control the auto-addition of affixes when formatting holonyms of a particular placetype:
* `affix_type`: If specified, add the placetype as an affix before or after holonyms of this placetype. Possible values
  are:
*# `&quot;pref&quot;` (the holonym will display as `(the) placetype of Holonym`, where `the` appears when the holonym directly
   follows an entry placetype);
*# `&quot;Pref&quot;` (same as `&quot;pref&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized; each word is capitalized if there are multiple);
*# `&quot;suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym placetype`);
*# `&quot;Suf&quot;` (the holonym will display as `Holonym Placetype`, i.e. same as `&quot;suf&quot;` but the placetype is capitalized).
* `suffix`: String to use in place of the placetype itself when the placetype is displayed as a suffix after a holonym.
  Note that `suffix` can be used independently of `affix_type` because the user can also request a suffix explicitly
  using a syntax like `adr:suf/Occitania`, which will display as `Occitania region` because the placetype
  `administrative region` specifies `suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;`.
* `prefix`: Like `suffix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as a prefix before the holonym.
* `affix`: Like `suffix` and `prefix` but for use when the placetype is displayed as an affix either before or after the
  holonym. If both `suffix` or `prefix` and `affix` are given for a single placetype, `suffix` or `prefix` take
  precedence.
* `no_affix_strings`: String or list of strings that, if they occur in the holonym, suppress the addition of any affix
  requested using `affix_type`. Defaults to the placetype itself. For example, `autonomous okrug` specifies
  `affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets` displays as `Nenets Autonomous Okrug`, but also specifies
  `no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;` so that `aokr/Nenets Okrug` or `aokr/Nenets Autonomous Okrug` displays as specified,
  without a redundant `Autonomous Okrug` added. Matching is case-insensitive but whole-word.
* `display_handler`: A function of two arguments, `holonym_placetype` and `holonym_placename` (specifying a holonym).
  Its return value is a string specifying the display form of the holonym.

7. The following property keys control the indefinite and definite articles used before entry placetypes and/or holonyms
   of the specified placetype.
* `entry_placetype_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before this placetype when it occurs as an entry placetype.
* `entry_placetype_indefinite_article`: Indefinite article used before this placetype when it occurs as an entry
  placetype (usually `&quot;a&quot;`, specifically for placetypes beginning with u- that don't take the indefinite article
  `&quot;an&quot;`). Defaults to the appropriate indefinite article (`&quot;a&quot;` or `&quot;an&quot;` depending on whether the placetype begins
  with a vowel). Overridden by `entry_placetype_use_the`, and unlike for most properties, does not apply to equivalent
  placetypes (i.e. fallbacks or those formed by removing a qualifier from the beginning); only to the exact placetype
  specified.
* `holonym_use_the`: Use `&quot;the&quot;` before holonyms of this placetype.

'''NOTE:'''
# The `link` property must be specified on all placetypes, except those ending in `!` (category-only placetypes), which
  must have either `link` or `category_link` specified.
# Either the `class` or `former_type` property must be specified on all placetypes not ending in `!` that do not have a
  fallback (if a placetype has a fallback and omits the `class` and `former_type` properties, they are taken from the
  fallback). An internal error will result if a placetype has no `class` or `former_type` property derivable either
  directly or through a fallback, if an attempt is made to categorize a former/ancient/historical/etc. entity of this
  placetype.
# It is possible to have multiple levels of fallback (e.g. `frazione` falls back to `hamlet`, which falls back
  to `village`). Fallback loops will cause an internal error. All placetypes specified as fallbacks must exist in
  `placetype_data` or an internal error occurs.
]==]
export.placetype_data = {

--[=[
If you need to sort the following, do this (using Vim):
1. Make sure all full-line comments are within the { ... } table, or are moved after and on the same line as single-line
   entries.
2. Make sure the table uses tabs everywhere for indent, and not spaces.
3. Mark the top of the table with `ma`, go to the bottom and execute the following two lines in sequence:
   :'a,.s/\n/\\n/g
   :s/\\n\(\t\[\)/\r\1/g
   The first command converts every newline to a literal `\n` sequence, so the whole thing becomes a single line, while
   the second command restores the newlines before the beginning of each entry. The effect is to convert all entries to
   a single line while not losing any information. (Potentially a negative lookahead could be used to do it all in one
   command.)
4. Execute the following to sort:
   :'a,.!perl -pe 's/^(\t\[&quot;)(.*?)(&quot;.*)$/$2 @@@ $1$2$3/' | sort -f | perl -pe 's/.*? @@@ //'
   Note that a simple `sort -f` (where `-f` means case-insensitive) would almost work, but it would sort &quot;hill station&quot;
   before &quot;hill&quot; and &quot;county borough&quot; before &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; because the space after e.g. &quot;hill station&quot; sorts before the
   quotation mark after e.g. &quot;hill&quot;. The above command deals with this by extracting the key, prepending it followed by
   ` @@@ `, sorting, and then removing key (the classic decorate-sort-undecorate pattern). 
5. Put the table back to multi-line format by marking the top of the table with `ma`, going to the bottom and executing
   :'a,.s/\\n/\r/g
   Note that for some reason, in order to get a match a newline in the left side of a replacement, you must use \n, but
   to insert a newline in the right sode of a replacement you must use \r.
]=]
	[&quot;*&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		cat_handler = generic_place_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;administrative atoll&quot;] = {
		-- Maldives
		link = &quot;+w:administrative divisions of the Maldives&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative center&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-city capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative centre&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative center&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative region&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative region (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative seat&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		suffix = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;, -- but prefix is still &quot;administrative territory (of)&quot;
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative unit&quot;] = {
		-- Grrr, it's difficult to generalize about &quot;administrative units&quot;. In Albania, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is an
		-- official term for a city-level division of municipalities; Wikipedia renders it using the more practical term
		-- &quot;commune&quot;. In Pakistan, &quot;administrative unit&quot; is a collective term used to refer to all the different types
		-- of first-level divisions (four provinces, one federal territory, and two &quot;disputed territories&quot;, i.e. Azad
		-- Kashmir and Gilgit-Balistan, that are variously described). For this reason, we set no fallback, but we need
		-- to include this so that it can be used as a placetype for Albania, categorizing as communes.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;administrative village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;aimag&quot;] = {
		-- used in Mongolia, Russia and China (Inner Mongolia); in Mongolia, equivalent to a province;
		-- in China, equivalent to a prefecture (below a province); in Russia, equivalent to a municipal district.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;airport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;alliance&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;archipelago&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- Areas can either be administrative divisions (specifically of Kuwait) or geographic areas. Assume the former
		-- when categorizing 'Areas' but the latter when handling e.g. 'historical area'.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;arm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;arrondissement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME!!! Grrrrr!!! In some countries, arrondissements are divisions of cities; in others, they are divisions
		-- of departments or provinces. Need to conditionalize on the country for both of the following.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;associated province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;atoll&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Atolls are administrative divisions of the Maldives but natural features elsewhere. Need to
		-- conditionalize `class` on the country. See also `administrative atoll`.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;autonomous city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous community&quot;] = {
		-- Spain; refers to regional entities, not village-like entities, as might be expected from &quot;community&quot;
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous island&quot;] = {
		-- Comoros; seems like an administrative atoll of the Maldives.
		link = &quot;+w:autonomous islands of Comoros&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;oblast&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;okrug&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous province&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
		-- &quot;administrative region&quot; sets an affix of &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot; but we want to display as &quot;Tibet Autonomous Region&quot;
		-- if the user writes 'ar:Suf/Tibet'.
		affix = &quot;autonomous region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous republic&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territorial unit&quot;] = {
		-- Moldova; only two of them, one for Gagauzia and one for Transnistria.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;autonomous territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bailiwick&quot;] = {
		-- Jersey, etc.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barangay&quot;] = {
		-- Philippines
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Barangays are formal administrative divisions of a city rather than informal neighborhoods, but can use
		-- some of the properties of a neighborhood.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;barrio&quot;] = {
		-- Spanish-speaking countries; Philippines
		link = true,
		-- FIXME: Not completely correct, in some countries barrios are formal administrative divisions of a city.
		-- `class` will need to conditionalize on the country to be completely correct.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;basin&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bay&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;beach resort&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;resort town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bishopric&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bodies of water!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: This is (maybe?) a type category not a name category. There should be an option for this. We need to
		-- straighten out the type vs. name vs. related-to issue.
		category_link = &quot;[[body of water|bodies of water]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = borough_display_handler,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		-- &quot;former borough&quot; could be a former settlement or a former part of a city but seems more likely to
		-- be a former subpolity, particularly in England. FIXME, we really need a handler to take care of this
		-- properly.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- Grr, some boroughs are city-like but some (e.g. in Britain) may be larger.
	},
	[&quot;borough seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;branch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;bridge&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;building&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;built-up area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;business park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caliphate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;canton&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cape&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;capital city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[capital city|capital cities]]: the [[seat of government|seats of government]] for a country or [[political]] [[division]] of a country&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		cat_handler = capital_city_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
		-- The following is necessary so that e.g. [[Melbourne]] defined as {{place|en|capital city|s/Victoria|c/Australia}}
		-- gets categorized in the bare category [[Category:en:Melbourne]]; otherwise placetype 'capital city' wouldn't
		-- match against the placetype 'city' of Melbourne.
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;caplc&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]] and [[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		plural_link = false,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;captaincy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;caravan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;castle&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cathedral city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cattle station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census-designated place&quot;] = {
		-- United States
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census division&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;census town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;central business district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cercle&quot;] = {
		-- Mali
		link = &quot;+w:cercles of Mali&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ceremonial county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;chain of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[chain]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;chains of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[chain]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;channel&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;strait&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;charter community&quot;] = {
		-- Northwest Territories, Canada
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;นคร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;city-state&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;Cities in +++&quot;, &quot;Countries in +++&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
		default = {&quot;City-states&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;, &quot;National capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;civil parish&quot;] = {
		-- Mostly England; similar to municipalities
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;claimed political division&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[claim]]ed [[political]] [[division]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;co-capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[co-]][[capital]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:coal town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;coal town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; these are weird one-off governmental divisions in France (esp. for overseas collectivities)
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comarca&quot;] = {
		-- per Wikipedia: traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of
		-- their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. In the Valencian Community, for example, it
		-- sits between municipalities and provinces, something like a county or district.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commandery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;commonwealth&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- No default; applies specifically to Puerto Rico
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;commune&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[community|communities]] of all sizes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;community development block&quot;] = {
		-- in India; appears to be similar to a rural municipality; groups several villages, unclear if there will be
		-- neighborhoods so I'm not setting `has_neighborhoods` for now
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;block&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;comune&quot;] = {
		-- Italy, Switzerland
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;condominium&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederacy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;confederation&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituency&quot;] = {
		-- currently we have them as political divisions of Namibia but many countries have them
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent country&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent part&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;constituent republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- This is used when grouping counties and county-level cities under prefecture-level cities in China.
		category_link = &quot;[[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Continents and continental regions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;continental region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		category_link = false, -- can't occur as a bare category
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;continents and continental regions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[continent]]s and [[continent]]-[[level]] [[region]]s (e.g. [[Polynesia]])&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;council area&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Scotland; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ประเทศ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true, &quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] not normally considered [[country|countries]] but treated similarly for categorization purposes; typically, [[unrecognized]] [[de-facto]] countries or [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
	},
	[&quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = county_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- in Wales; similar to a county
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-administered city&quot;] = {
		-- In Taiwan, per Wikipedia similar to a Taiwanese township or district, which is a small city.
		-- NOT anything like a &quot;county-level city&quot; in PR China, which is a county masquerading as a city.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-controlled city&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;county-administered city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- PR China
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crater lake&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;creek&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;stream&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+crown colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;crown colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown colony&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;colony&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;crown dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;cultural region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;delegation&quot;] = {
		-- Tunisia
		link = &quot;+w:delegations of Tunisia&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;department&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;departmental capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;desert&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;deserted mediaeval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;deserted medieval village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;deserted medieval village&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-administered municipality&quot;] = {
		-- China
		link = &quot;+w:direct-administered municipalities of China&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;direct-controlled municipality&quot;] = {
		-- several countries
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;distributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;อำเภอ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- Grrr! FIXME! Here is where we need handlers for `class`. Using similar logic to
		-- district_neighborhood_cat_handler, we need to check if we're below or above a city to determine if the class
		-- is &quot;settlement&quot; or &quot;subpolity&quot;.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,

		-- No default. Countries for which districts are political divisions will get entries.
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Portugal.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;districts and autonomous territorial units!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Moldova.
		category_link = &quot;[[district]]s and [[w:autonomous territorial unit|autonomous territorial unit]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;district municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In Canada, a district municipality is equivalent to a rural municipality and won't have neighborhoods; in
		-- South Africa, district municipalities group local municipalities and hence won't have neighborhoods.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;division capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dome&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;dormant volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;duchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;emirate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Can be subpolities (of the United Arab Emirates).
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จักรวรรดิ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;enclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Enclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;entity&quot;] = {
		-- Bosnia and Herzegovina
		link = &quot;+w:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;escarpment&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ethnographic region&quot;] = {
		-- used in Lithuania
		link = &quot;+w:ethnographic regions of Lithuania&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;exclave&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- exclaves can theoretically be any size but assume a subpolity.
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;external territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;farm&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Farms and ranches&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;farms and ranches!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[farm]]s and [[ranch]]es&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal district&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- Might have neighborhoods as federal districts are often cities (e.g. Mexico City)
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal subject&quot;] = {
		-- In Russia; a generic term for first-level administrative divisions (republics, oblasts, okrugs, krais,
		-- autonomous okrugs and autonomous oblasts).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;federal territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fictional location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;First Nations reserve&quot;] = {
		-- Canada
		link = &quot;[[First Nations]] [[w:Indian reserve|reserve]]&quot;,
		-- Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that is the legal term
		fallback = &quot;Indian reserve&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fjord&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;footpath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;forest&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ecosystems&quot;, &quot;forestry&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;fort&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;fortress&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- fortresses -&gt; fortresse, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;fortresses&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;frazione&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hamlet&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;freeway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;French prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:prefectures in France|prefecture]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:cultural area&quot;,
		-- `generic_before_non_cities` is used when generating the category description of categories of the format
		-- `Geographic and cultural areas of PLACE`. `preposition` is used when generating {{place}} description and
		-- categories for any placetype that falls back to `geographic and cultural area`.
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;constituent country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;geographic area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:geographic region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geographical region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;geopolitical zone&quot;] = {
		-- Nigeria
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gewog&quot;] = {
		-- Bhutan
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ghost town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;glen&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;valley&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;governorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;greater administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- China (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;gromada&quot;] = {
		-- Poland (former division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;group of islands&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[group]] of [[island]]s&quot;,
		plural = &quot;groups of islands&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[group]]s of [[island]]s&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;island group&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;gulf&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hamlet&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbor town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;harbour town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;headland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;headquarters&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;heath&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hemisphere&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;continental region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;highway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;hill station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hill town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historic region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;+w:historical region&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical county&quot;] = {
		-- needed for historical counties of England/etc.
		link = &quot;+w:historic county&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;historical region&quot;] = {
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;home rule municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hot spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;spring&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;house&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;housing estate&quot;] = {
		-- not the same as a housing project (i.e. public housing)
		link = true,
		-- not exactly the case but approximately
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;hromada&quot;] = {
		-- Ukraine
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		disallow_in_entries = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada', 'rural hromada' or 'settlement hromada' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		disallow_in_holonyms = &quot;Use placetype 'urban hromada'/'uhrom', 'rural hromada'/'rhrom' or 'settlement hromada'/'shrom' in place of bare 'hromada'&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inactive volcano&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dormant volcano&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent city&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;independent town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+independent city&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Indian reservation&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In the US. Also known as &quot;Native American reservation&quot; or &quot;domestic dependent nation&quot;, and the reservations
		-- themselves often use the term &quot;nation&quot; in their official name (e.g. the &quot;Navajo Nation&quot;). But Wikipedia puts
		-- the article at [[w:Indian reservation]] and uses that term when describing e.g. what the Navajo Nation is,
		-- so this must still be the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;Indian reserve&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- In Canada. &quot;First Nations reserve&quot; sounds more modern/PC but Wikipedia uses &quot;Indian reserve&quot;; presumably that
		-- is still the legal term.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;inland sea&quot;] = {
		-- note, we also have 'inland' as a qualifier
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;inner city area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[inner city]] [[area]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เกาะ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;island country&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: The following should map to both 'island' and 'country'.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island group&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;island municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;islet&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Israeli settlement&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;judicial capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;khanate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;kibbutz&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;kibbutzim&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;krai&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[ธรณีสัณฐาน]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;โลก&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;largest city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[large]]st [[city]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;league&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;confederation&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;legislative capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;library&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;lieutenancy area&quot;] = {
		-- used in the United Kingdom; per Wikipedia:
		-- In England, lieutenancy areas are colloquially known as the ceremonial counties, although this phrase does
		-- not appear in any legislation referring to them. The lieutenancy areas of Scotland are subdivisions of
		-- Scotland that are more or less based on the counties of Scotland, making use of the major cities as separate
		-- entities.[2] In Wales, the lieutenancy areas are known as the preserved counties of Wales and are based on
		-- those used for lieutenancy and local government between 1974 and 1996. The lieutenancy areas of Northern
		-- Ireland correspond to the six counties and two former county boroughs.[3]
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ceremonial county&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local authority district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government area&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local council&quot;] = {
		-- Malta; similar to municipalities
		link = &quot;+w:local councils of Malta&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local government district with borough status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government district]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;local government districts with borough status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[w:local government district|local government districts]] with [[w:borough status|borough status]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;local urban district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;locality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:locality (settlement)&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;London borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;pref&quot;,
		affix = &quot;borough&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;macroregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Engineered constructs|man-made structures]] such as [[airport]]s, [[university|universities]] and [[metro station]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;manor&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: or is this more like a farm?
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;marginal sea&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+market town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;market town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;massif&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;megacity&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metro station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan borough&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;borough&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- These exist e.g. in Italy and are more like municipalities or even provinces than cities.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;นคร&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;metropolitan municipality&quot;] = {
		-- In South Africa, metropolitan municipalities group local municipalities and are like districts, between
		-- provinces and municipalities.
		-- In Turkey, metropolitan municipalities are provinces-level.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;metropolitan&quot;, &quot;เทศบาล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microdistrict&quot;] = {
		-- residential complex in post-Soviet states
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;micronations!&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME, merge with microstate
		category_link = &quot;[[micronation]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;microstate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;military base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;minster town&quot;] = {
		-- England
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;moor&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;ecosystems&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;moorland&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;moor&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;motorway&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous district&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:district (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain indigenous township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountain pass&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;mountain passes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;เทือกเขา&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mountainous region&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mukim&quot;] = {
		-- Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipal district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- meaning varies depending on the country; for now, assume no neighborhoods.
		-- FIXME: has_neighborhoods might have to be a function that looks at the containing holonyms.
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เทศบาล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;municipality with city status&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[municipality]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;municipalities with city status&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[municipality|municipalities]] with [[w:city status|city status]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;museum&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;mythological location&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		former_type = &quot;!&quot;,
		class = &quot;hypothetical location&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;named bridges!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[bridge]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bridges&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named buildings!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[house]]s, [[library|libraries]] and other [[building]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;buildings&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;named roads!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;notable [[road]]s, [[highway]]s, [[trail]]s and similar linear structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;national capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;national park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:geographical feature#Natural features|natural features]] such as [[lake]]s, [[mountain]]s, [[island]]s and [[ocean]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;neighborhood&quot;] = {
		-- The majority of the properties here apply to both `neighborhoods` and `neighbourhoods`; the choice of which
		-- one to use is made by district_neighborhood_cat_handler() based on the value of `british_spelling` for the
		-- location (city, political division, etc.) of the holonym that follows the word &quot;neighbo(u)hoods&quot; in the
		-- category name. It does *NOT* depend on whether the {{place}} call uses &quot;neighborhoods&quot; or &quot;neighbourhoods&quot;.
		-- (In general it can't, because other things like &quot;urban areas&quot;, &quot;อำเภอ&quot;, &quot;subdivisions&quot; and the like also
		-- categorize as neighbo(u)rhoods.)
		link = true,
		-- See below. These are used by category handlers in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a neighborhood as well as categories of the
		-- form `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` e.g. `Neighborhoods in Illinois, USA` but not for categories of the form
		-- `Neighborhoods of Chicago`, where we'd get &quot;... and other subportions of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighborhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		-- NOTE: This setting is needed for administrative divisions like barangays that fall back to `neighborhood`,
		-- when set in [[Module:place/locations]] for a specific country (e.g. the Philippines). The above settings
		-- for `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` are used by category handlers in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for `Neighborhoods in POLDIV` and `Neighborhoods of CITY`
		-- categories. In fact, district_neighborhood_cat_handler() does not currently pay attention to them, but
		-- generates &quot;ของ&quot; before cities and &quot;ใน&quot; before non-cities regardless. (FIXME: We should change that.)
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;neighbourhood&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[neighbourhood]]s, [[district]]s and other subportions&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;, --?
	},
	[&quot;new town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-city capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[capital]]&quot;,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		cat_handler = function(data)
			return capital_city_cat_handler(data, &quot;non-city&quot;)
		end,
		-- FIXME, do we need the following?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-metropolitan district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;] = {
		-- especially in Africa and Asia
		link = &quot;+w:non-sovereign monarchy&quot;,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		[&quot;country/*&quot;] = {true},
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;non-sovereign monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblast&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;oblasts and autonomous republics!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Ukraine.
		category_link = &quot;[[oblast]]s and [[w:autonomous republic|autonomous republic]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;มหาสมุทร&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทะเล&quot;, &quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;okrug&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas department&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;department&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;overseas territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;parish municipality&quot;] = {
		-- in Quebec, often similar to a rural village; the famous [[Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!]] is one of them.
		link = &quot;+w:parish municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;parish seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;pass&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+mountain pass&quot;,
		-- The default plural algorithm gets this right but the singularization algorithm incorrectly converts
		-- passes -&gt; passe, so put an entry here to ensure we singularize correctly.
		plural = &quot;passes&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;mountain pass&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;path&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peak&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ภูเขา&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;peninsula&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;periphery&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;สถานที่!&quot;] = {
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;generic place&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts&quot;,
		-- `category_link_top_level` control the description used in the top-level [[Category:Places]] and
		-- language-specific variants such as [[Category:en:Places]]. The actual text for a language-spefic variant is
		-- &quot;{{{langname}}} names of [[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s.&quot; where the &quot;names of&quot;
		-- portion is automatically generated by the appropriate handler in
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]].
		category_link_top_level = &quot;[[geographical]] [[place]]s of all sorts; [[toponym]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;ชื่อ (หัวข้อ)&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;planned community&quot;] = {
		-- Include this so we don't categorize 'planned community' into villages, as 'community' does.
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;plateau&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true},
		-- FIXME: Should generate both &quot;Plateaus&quot; and the appropriate 'geographic and cultural area' category
	},
	[&quot;Polish colony&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:colony (Poland)|colony]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;colony&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s and [[subdivision]]s, such as [[state]]s, [[province]]s, [[county|counties]] or [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[independent]] or [[semi-]][[independent]] [[polity|polities]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;populated place&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:populated place&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;port city&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;port town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: should categorize into &quot;Ports&quot; as well as &quot;เมือง&quot;
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! `prefecture` is like a county in Japan and elsewhere but a department capital city in France.
		-- May need `has_neighborhoods` to be a function.
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = prefecture_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- China; they are huge entities with a central city; not cities themselves.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;preserved county&quot;] = {
		-- In Wales; they are former counties enshrined in law; there are 8 of them and each consists of one or more
		-- &quot;principal areas&quot; (styled as &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; or &quot;county boroughs&quot;), of which there are 22.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;primary area&quot;] = {
		-- a grouping of &quot;อำเภอ&quot; (neighborhoods) in Gothenburg, Sweden
		link = &quot;+w:sv:primärområde&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;principality&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;monarchy&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;promontory&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;headland&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;protectorate&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;จังหวัด&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		display_handler = province_display_handler,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and autonomous regions!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case China.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[autonomous region]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Canada and Pakistan.
		category_link = &quot;[[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;provincial capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;raion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ranch&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;range&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Where is this used? Is it a mountain range?
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regency&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		-- If 'region' isn't a specific administrative division, fall back to 'geographic and cultural area'
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
		-- &quot;former region&quot; is a subpolity but traditional/historic(al)/ancient/medieval/etc. is a geographic region
		class = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional county municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;เทศบาล&quot;, &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;regional unit&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;registration county&quot;] = {
		-- Used in Scotland for land registration purposes; formerly used in England, Wales and Ireland for statistical
		-- purposes (registration of births, deaths and marriages, and for the output of census information).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;republic&quot;] = {
		-- Of Russia, Yugoslavia, etc. &quot;Republics&quot; in general are sovereign but we use &quot;ประเทศ&quot; in that case.
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;constituent republic&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research base&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:research station&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;research station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, -- or &quot;man-made structure&quot;?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;reservoir&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;ทะเลสาบ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;residential area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		[&quot;continent/*&quot;] = {true},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;river island&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เกาะ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;road&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Named roads&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;Roman province&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME! Eliminate this in favor of 'former province|emp/Roman Empire'
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Provinces of the Roman Empire&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal borough&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;royal&quot;, &quot;borough&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;local government district with borough status&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
	},
	[&quot;royal burgh&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;borough&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;royal capital&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural committee&quot;] = {
		-- Hong Kong; a group of villages
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Suf&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural community&quot;] = {
		-- New Brunswick
		link = &quot;+w:list of municipalities in New_Brunswick#Rural communities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[rural]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;rural municipality&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;Pref&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;rural township&quot;] = {
		-- Taiwan
		link = &quot;+w:rural township (Taiwan)&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sanctuary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;temple&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;satrapy&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;ANCIENT&quot;, &quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ทะเล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		holonym_use_the = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;seaport&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;port&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;seat&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative centre&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered area&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (groups self-administered divisions and zones)
		link = &quot;+w:self-administered zone&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered division&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (only one of them: Wa Self-Administered Division)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;self-administered zone&quot;] = {
		-- Myanmar (five of them)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;self-administered area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;separatist state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		category_link = &quot;[[settlement]]s such as [[city|cities]], [[village]]s and [[farm]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		-- not necessarily true, but usually is the case
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;settlement hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[w:Populated สถานที่ในUkraine#Rural settlements|settlement]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheading&quot;] = {
		-- Isle of Man
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sheep station&quot;] = {
		-- Australia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;farm&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire county&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;shire town&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;county seat&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[city]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ski resort town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[ski resort]] [[town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:spa town&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spa town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;space station&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;research station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special administrative region&quot;] = {
		-- in China; in practice they are city-like (Hong Kong, Macau); also [[Oecusse]] in East Timor is formally a
		-- &quot;special administrative region&quot;; North Korea had one such region planned (Sinuiju) but abandoned; Indonesia
		-- has similar &quot;special regions&quot; of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and Aceh; and South Sudan has three &quot;special
		-- administrative areas&quot;
		link = &quot;+w:special administrative regions of China&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- no suffix since สถานที่ในHong Kong or Macau are listed without China, except Hong Kong and Macau themselves
		-- they also contain regions (or areas), e.g. [[Kowloon]], so it would be confusing
		suffix = &quot;&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special collectivity&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;collectivity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special municipality&quot;] = {
		-- formerly linked to the Taiwan article but there are also special municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;special ward&quot;] = {
		-- Tokyo
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spit&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;peninsula&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;spring&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;star&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;รัฐ&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		-- 'former/historical state' could refer either to a state of a country (a division) or a state = sovereign
		-- entity. The latter appears more common (e.g. in various &quot;ancient states&quot; of East Asia).
		former_type = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case Australia.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		-- This and other similar &quot;combined placetypes&quot; are for use in the plural when grouping first-level
		-- administrative regions of certain countries, in this case India.
		category_link = &quot;[[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state capital&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;capital city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state park&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;park&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;state-level new area&quot;] = {
		-- China (type of economic development zone, varying greatly in size)
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;new area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statistical region&quot;] = {
		-- Slovenia
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;administrative region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;statutory town&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strait&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;bodies of water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;stream&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;street&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;strip of land&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[strip]] of [[land]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;strips of land&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[strip]]s of [[land]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:List of cities in Nepal#Sub-metropolitan cities&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sub-prefectural city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;subprovincial city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ตำบล&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		-- FIXME: subdistricts can be neighborhood-like (of Jakarta) or larger (in China); need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;subdivision&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		-- FIXME: subdivisions can be neighborhood-like or larger; need a handler
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;submerged ghost town&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Consider just having &quot;submerged&quot; as a qualifier.
		link = &quot;[[submerged]] [[ghost town]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ghost town&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational kingdom&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:subnational monarchy&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subnational monarchy&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;non-sovereign kingdom&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprefecture&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovince&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial city&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to certain prefecture-level cities
		fallback = &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subprovincial district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- China; special status given to Binhai New Area and Pudong New Area, which are county-level districts
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subregion&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;suburb&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		-- The following text is suitable for the top-level description of a suburb as well as categories of the form
		-- 'Suburbs in POLDIV' e.g. 'Suburbs in Illinois, USA' but not for categories of the form 'Suburbs of Chicago',
		-- where we'd get &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]] of [[Chicago]]&quot;.
		category_link = &quot;[[suburb]]s of [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		category_link_before_city = &quot;[[suburb]]s&quot;,
		-- See comments under &quot;neighborhood&quot; for the following three settings. They are used by
		-- [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]] for generating the text of 'Suburbs in/of PLACE' categories
		-- but currently ignored by district_neighborhood_cat_handler (which actually generates the categories for a
		-- given page), which hardcodes &quot;ใน&quot; for non-cities and &quot;ของ&quot; for cities. (FIXME: Change this.)
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		generic_before_cities = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;, --?
		cat_handler = district_neighborhood_cat_handler,
	},
	[&quot;suburban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;suburb&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;subway station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;sum&quot;] = {
		-- In China, Mongolia, Russia; something like a county in Mongolia but a township in China (Inner Mongolia),
		-- and equivalent to a [[selsoviet]] in the parts of Russia where it's in use (a rural council, below a raion).
		link = &quot;+w:sum (administrative division)&quot;,
		-- This fallback is somewha arbitrary. We could use &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot; but that has a display handler
		-- which we don't want to be active (FIXME: If the display handler would be active, that's a bug).
		fallback = &quot;division&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;supercontinent&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;continent&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;tehsil&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		no_affix_strings = {&quot;tehsil&quot;, &quot;tahsil&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;temple&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;building&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;territorial authority&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ดินแดน&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;theme&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;+w:theme (Byzantine district)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;เมือง&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;town with bystatus&quot;] = {
		-- can't use templates in links currently
		link = &quot;[[town]] with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		plural = &quot;towns with bystatus&quot;,
		plural_link = &quot;[[town]]s with [[bystatus#Norwegian Bokmål|bystatus]]&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;township&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;, --?
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;traditional county&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;traditional region&quot;] = {
		-- FIXME: Verify this works. Same for 'historic(al) region'.
		-- provided only for the link
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;trail&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;road&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;treaty port&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;tributary&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;แม่น้ำ&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;underground station&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;metro station&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		-- I don't know if this fallback makes sense everywhere.
		fallback = &quot;unincorporated community&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated community&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unincorporated territory&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;union territory&quot;] = {
		-- India
		link = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary authority&quot;] = {
		-- UK, New Zealand
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unitary district&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;local government district&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;united township municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:united township municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township municipality&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;university&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		entry_placetype_indefinite_article = &quot;a&quot;,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[de facto]] [[independent]] [[state]]s with little or no {{w|international recognition}}&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;country-like entities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized country&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Unrecognized and nearly unrecognized countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;unrecognised state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;unrecognized state&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;unrecognized country&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban area&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban hromada&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;[[urban]] [[w:hromada|hromada]]&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;hromada&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban service area&quot;] = {
		-- A strange beast existing in Alberta; technically a type of hamlet but in practice used for much larger
		-- cities and treated equivalent to a city. (There are only two of them, [[Fort McMurray]] and [[Sherwood Park]]).
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;นคร&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban township&quot;] = {
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;township&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;urban-type settlement&quot;] = {
		-- appears to be a particular type of small urban settlement in post-Soviet states,
		-- had an administrative function.
		link = &quot;w&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เมือง&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;valley&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;, &quot;water&quot;},
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;viceroyalty&quot;] = {
		-- in essence, a type of colony
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;dependent territory&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		generic_before_non_cities = &quot;ใน&quot;,
		category_link = &quot;[[village]]s, [[hamlet]]s, and other small [[community|communities]] and [[settlement]]s&quot;,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		cat_handler = city_type_cat_handler,
		default = {true},
	},
	[&quot;village development committee&quot;] = {
		-- former administrative structure in Nepal; also exists in India but not as a formal unit
		link = &quot;+w:village development committee (Nepal)&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		fallback = &quot;village&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;village municipality&quot;] = {
		-- Quebec
		link = &quot;+w:village municipality (Quebec)&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true, --?
	},
	[&quot;voivodeship&quot;] = {
		-- Poland
		link = true,
		display_handler = voivodeship_display_handler,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;volcano&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		plural = &quot;volcanoes&quot;,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ธรณีสัณฐาน&quot;},
		default = {true, &quot;ภูเขา&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ward&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		-- Wards are formal administrative divisions of a city but have some properties of neighborhoods.
		fallback = &quot;neighborhood&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;watercourse&quot;] = {
		link = true,
		fallback = &quot;channel&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;Welsh community&quot;] = {
		-- Wales
		link = &quot;[[w:community (Wales)|community]]&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		affix_type = &quot;suf&quot;,
		affix = &quot;community&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;zone&quot;] = {
		-- administrative division of Ethiopia, Qatar, Nepal, India
		link = &quot;+w:zone#Place names&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                               Categories for former places                               --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	[&quot;ANCIENT capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		-- FIXME: Consider removing 'ancient settlements' here. Ancient capitals, like former capitals, often still
		-- exist but just aren't the capital any more. Maybe we should have an 'Ancient capitals' category.
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;, &quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ANCIENT settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Ancient settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ancient settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that existed in [[antiquity]]&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former settlements&quot;,
	},

	[&quot;FORMER capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		entry_placetype_use_the = true,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;capital&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former capitals!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;former [[capital]] [[city|cities]] and [[town]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former counties and county-level cities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer existing [[county|counties]] and [[county-level city|county-level cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;counties and county-level cities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER county-level city&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former counties and county-level cities of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former countries and country-like entities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[country|countries]] and similar [[polity|polities]] that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;countries and country-like entities&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former polities&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former countries and country-like entities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former dependent territories!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]] (colonies, dependencies, protectorates, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dependent territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER dependent territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former dependent territories&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER district&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former districts of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER geographic region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;geographic and cultural area&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER man-made structure&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;man-made structure&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former man-made structures&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former man-made structures!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;man-made structures such as [[airport]]s and [[park]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;man-made structures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former municipalities!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[municipality|municipalities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศบาล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER municipality&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former municipalities of the Netherlands
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER natural feature&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;natural feature&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former natural features&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former natural features!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;natural features such as [[lake]]s, [[river]]s and [[island]]s that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;natural features&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER non-admin settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;non-admin settlement&quot;,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER settlement&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former places!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[place]]s of all sorts that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former political divisions!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former polities!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[polity|polities]] (countries, kingdoms, empires, etc.) that no longer exist&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		class = &quot;polity&quot;, --ห้ามแปล class
		default = {&quot;Former polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER prefecture&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former prefectures of China
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing former provinces of China, etc.
		category_link = &quot;no-longer-existing [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER province&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing ancient/historical/former provinces of the Roman Empire
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former region&quot;] = {
		-- A former region is considered a former political division, but not a 'historical/traditional/etc.' region.
		link = &quot;separately&quot;,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		inherently_former = {&quot;FORMER&quot;},
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		has_neighborhoods = true,
		class = &quot;settlement&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former settlements!&quot;] = {
		category_link = &quot;[[city|cities]], [[town]]s and [[village]]s that no longer exist or have been merged or reclassified&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		preposition = &quot;ของ&quot;,
		class = &quot;subpolity&quot;,
		default = {&quot;Former political divisions&quot;},
	},

	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	--                                      form-of categories                                  --
	----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	---------- Abbreviations ----------

	[&quot;abbreviations of counties!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of counties of e.g. England
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[county|counties]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;เทศมณฑล&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of departments!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of departments of e.g. France
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[department]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;departments&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of districts!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of districts of e.g. ???
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[district]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;อำเภอ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of divisions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of divisions of e.g. Bangladesh
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;abbreviations&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of prefectures!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of prefectures of e.g. Japan
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[prefecture]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;prefectures&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of provinces of e.g. Canada
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;จังหวัด&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of provinces and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[province]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;provinces and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of regions!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of regions of e.g. Italy
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[administrative region]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ภูมิภาค&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing abbreviations of states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of states and union territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[state]]s and [[union territory|union territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;states and union territories&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;abbreviations of territories!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|abbreviation}}s of [[name]]s of [[territory|territories]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ดินแดน&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;abbreviations of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF county&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF department&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF district&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF division&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF prefecture&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF province&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Abbreviations of political divisions&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ABBREVIATION_OF union territory&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;ABBREVIATION_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},

	---------- Archaic forms ----------

	[&quot;archaic forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|archaic}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;archaic forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ARCHAIC_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Archaic forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Clippings ----------

	[&quot;clippings of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|clipping}}s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;clippings&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;CLIPPING_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Clippings of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Dated forms ----------

	[&quot;dated forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|dated}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;dated forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;DATED_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Dated forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Derogatory names ----------

	[&quot;derogatory names for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[city|cities]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;derogatory names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;derogatory names for states!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|derogatory}} [[name]]s for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;derogatory names for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Derogatory names for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Ellipses ----------

	[&quot;ellipses of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|ellipsis|ellipses}} of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ellipses&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;ELLIPSIS_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Ellipses of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former long-form names ----------

	[&quot;former long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former long-form names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;long-form&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former names ----------

	[&quot;former names of capitals!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[capital city|capital cities]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;capitals&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of settlements&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of political divisions!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[political]] [[division]]s (states, provinces, counties, etc.) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;political divisions&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of polities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[polity|polities]] (e.g. [[country|countries]]) that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;องค์การทางการเมือง&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;former names of settlements!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[former]] [[name]]s of [[city|cities]], [[town]]s, [[village]]s, etc. that generally still exist but under a different name&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;settlements&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of political divisions&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of capitals&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF polity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of polities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF region&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		fallback = &quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF settlement&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of settlements&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NAME_OF subpolity&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former names of political divisions&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former nicknames ----------

	[&quot;former nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Eternal City]] for [[Kyoto]] during the {{w|Heian period}} ({{circa2|800–1100|short=yes}} {{AD}})&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;former nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-used [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;former&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;nicknames&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Former official names ----------

	[&quot;former official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former official names of places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;former names of countries&quot;, sort = &quot;official&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;former official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;no-longer-[[use]]d [[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Former official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Long-form names ----------

	[&quot;long-form names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;long-form names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;long-form names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[long]]-[[form]] (but typically [[unofficial]]) [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;long-form names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;LONG_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Long-form names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Nicknames ----------

	[&quot;nicknames for cities!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[city|cities]], e.g. the [[Big Apple]] for [[New York City]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;นคร&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;นคร&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for continents!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[continent]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ทวีป&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ทวีป&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;ประเทศ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;สถานที่&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;รัฐ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR capital&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR city&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR continent&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for continents&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR metropolitan city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;metropolitan city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR prefecture-level city&quot;] = {
		-- &quot;prefecture-level city&quot; doesn't fall back to &quot;นคร&quot; but things like &quot;county-level city&quot; and
		-- &quot;subprovincial city&quot; fall back to &quot;prefecture-level city&quot;
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;NICKNAME_FOR town&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Nicknames for cities&quot;},
	},

	---------- Obsolete forms ----------

	[&quot;obsolete forms of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;{{glossary|obsolete}} [[form]]s of [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;obsolete forms&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OBSOLETE_FORM_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Obsolete forms of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official names ----------

	[&quot;official names of countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former countries!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[country|countries]] that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;ประเทศ&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;official names of former places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official names of former places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s that no longer [[exist]]&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;former places&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {{name = &quot;official names of places&quot;, sort = &quot;former&quot;}},
	},
	[&quot;official names of places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[name]]s of [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official names&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;สถานที่&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER country&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former countries&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF FORMER place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of former places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NAME_OF place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official names of places&quot;},
	},

	---------- Official nicknames ----------

	[&quot;official nicknames for places!&quot;] = {
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nickname]]s for [[place]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for places&quot;,
	},
	[&quot;official nicknames for states!&quot;] = {
		-- For categorizing official nicknames for states of e.g. the United States
		full_category_link = &quot;[[official]] [[nicknames]] for [[state]]s&quot;,
		bare_category_breadcrumb = &quot;official&quot;,
		bare_category_parent = &quot;nicknames for states&quot;,
		addl_bare_category_parents = {&quot;รัฐ&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR place&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for places&quot;},
	},
	[&quot;OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR state&quot;] = {
		link = false,
		default = {&quot;Official nicknames for states&quot;},
	},
}

export.plural_placetype_to_singular = {}
for sg_placetype, spec in pairs(export.placetype_data) do
	if spec.plural then
		export.plural_placetype_to_singular[spec.plural] = sg_placetype
	end
end


return export</text>
      <sha1>h168y53iktyy14v9rgnygxwnhwys0cp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᦍᦲᧈᦔᦳᧃᧈ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2325838</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715197</id>
      <parentid>5713809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T14:02:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ai Ku Karng</username>
        <id>17824</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ภาษาไทลื้อ */</comment>
      <origin>5715197</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="524" sha1="sl2yk5gpntoi2ppvw3iy2ut3e3681mi" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาไทลื้อ ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|khb|th|ญี่ปุ่น}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{khb-pron|ᦍᦲᧈ-ᦔᦳᧃᧈ}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{khb-proper noun}}

# [[ญี่ปุ่น]]

=== อ้างอิง ===
{{รายการอ้างอิง}}
* ''Dai Lue dictionary ᦈᦹᧈ ᦶᦑᧃ ᦺᦑ ᦟᦹᧉ 傣泐词典 - ''. Webonary – Dictionaries and Grammars of the World. https://www.webonary.org/dailu/</text>
      <sha1>sl2yk5gpntoi2ppvw3iy2ut3e3681mi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>มอดูล:ta-decl</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>2326663</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715192</id>
      <parentid>5715167</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T13:28:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715192</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13121" sha1="rp9h9okji8vv36qj22jbhdg1o7iq6z2" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}
local m_translit = require(&quot;Module:ta-translit-Latn&quot;)
local m_translit2 = require(&quot;Module:ta-translit&quot;) --th
local m_tamil = require(&quot;Module:ta-conj&quot;)
local m_string_utilities = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local agglutinate = m_tamil.agglutinate

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local sub = mw.ustring.sub
local match = mw.ustring.match
local len = mw.ustring.len

local long_vowels = {
	['ா'] = 'ā',
	['ீ'] = 'ī',
	['ூ'] = 'ū',
	['ே'] = 'ē',
	['ோ'] = 'ō'
}

-- Clone parent’s args while also assigning nil to empty strings.
local function clone_args(frame)
	local args = {}
	for pname, param in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do
		if param == &quot;&quot; then
			args[pname] = nil
		else
			args[pname] = param
		end
	end
	return args
end

function export.do_generate_forms(args)
	local data = {}

	local PAGENAME = mw.loadData(&quot;Module:headword/data&quot;).pagename
	local base_provided = args[1] ~= nil
	local plural_lemma = args.num == &quot;pl&quot; and not base_provided
	local base

	if base_provided then
		base = args[1]
	else
		base = PAGENAME
	end

	local type_stem = plural_lemma and &quot;root&quot; or args.type
	data.type_stem = &quot;&quot;

	local oblique_sg_base = &quot;&quot;
	local plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்', { [&quot;do_not_adjust_nasals&quot;] = true }) --default

	local special_vocative = nil

	categories = &quot;&quot;

	oblique_sg_base = base -- default
	if (type_stem == &quot;root&quot; or type_stem == &quot;basic&quot; or type_stem == &quot;none&quot;) then
		-- do nothing
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;m&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ம்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;m-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'த்து'
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்') --merge nasals
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;i&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ி')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;i-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ai&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ை')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ai-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;y&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ய்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;y-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ā&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ா')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ā-stem&quot;
        oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ī&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ீ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ī-stem&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṟu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ற்று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ன்று&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṟu-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்று'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṭu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ட்டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ண்டு&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṭu-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ட்டு'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;u&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ு')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;u-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;l&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ல்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;l-stem&quot;
		special_vocative = base .. 'லே'
		oblique_sg_base = base .. 'லு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṉ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ன்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṉ-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'னு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. &quot;ர்கள்&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ū&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ூ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ū-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = base .. 'க்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ḷ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ள்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ḷ-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ளு'
		plu_base = agglutinate(sub(base, 1, -3), 'ட்கள்', {})
	else
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
	end

	if plural_lemma then
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base
		plu_base = base
	end

    if not plural_lemma and (args.type == &quot;root&quot; or args.type == &quot;basic&quot; or args.type == &quot;none&quot;) then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม root-stem ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
	end

	if ((args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]) and (args.plu_base or args[2])) then
		oblique_sg_base = args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]
		plu_base = args.plu_base or args[2]
	end

	data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or base
	data.voc_sg = args.voc_s or args[3] or special_vocative or
	agglutinate(base, &quot;ஏ&quot;,
		{ [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	-- mw.log(oblique_sg_base)
	data.acc_sg = args.acc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஐ',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg = args.dat_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்கு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg_2 = args.ben_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்காக',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	if (data.type_stem == &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		if not args.dat_s then
			data.dat_sg = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்கு',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
		if not args.ben_s then
			data.dat_sg_2 = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்காக',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
	end
	data.gen_sg = args.gen_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடைய',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_sg_2 = args.gen2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg = args.loc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg_2 = args.loc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இடம்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg = args.soc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஓடு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg_2 = args.soc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_sg = args.ins_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஆல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_sg = args.abl_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இலிருந்து',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	data.nom_pl = args.nom_p or plu_base
	data.voc_pl = args.voc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஏ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.acc_pl = args.acc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஐ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl = args.dat_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்கு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl_2 = args.ben_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்காக', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl = args.gen_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடைய', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl_2 = args.gen2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl = args.loc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl_2 = args.loc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இடம்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl = args.soc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஓடு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl_2 = args.soc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_pl = args.ins_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஆல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_pl = args.abl_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இலிருந்து', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	numbers = &quot;both&quot;
	if args.num == &quot;sg&quot; or (args[2] == &quot;-&quot; and not args.num) then
		numbers = &quot;singular only&quot;
		data.nom_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_pl = &quot;-&quot;
	elseif (args.num == &quot;pl&quot;) then
		numbers = &quot;plural only&quot;
		data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_sg = &quot;-&quot;
	end

    if numbers == &quot;plural only&quot; and not base_provided then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามพหูพจน์เท่านั้นภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	local data_type = data.type_stem
	for k, v in pairs(data) do
		if type(v) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for k1, v1 in pairs(v) do
				if (v1 ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
					data[k][k1] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
					v1 .. ']]&lt;/span&gt; ' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v1) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
				end
			end
		else
			if (v ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
				data[k] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
				v .. ']]&lt;/span&gt;' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
			end
		end
	end
	data.base = base .. ' (' .. m_translit.tr(base) .. ')'
	data.type_stem = data_type
	data.numbers = numbers
	data.categories = categories

	return data
end

function export.show(frame)
	local args = clone_args(frame)
	local data = export.do_generate_forms(args)

	if (args.notes) then
		if (data.type_stem == &quot;&quot;) then
			data.type_stem = args.notes
		else
			data.type_stem = data.type_stem .. &quot;, &quot; .. args.notes
		end
	end

	local header = &quot;&quot;
	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;&quot; and data.type_stem ~= &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		header = &quot;การผันรูป &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ของ &quot; .. data.base
	else
		header = &quot;การผันรูปของ &quot; .. data.base
	end
	if (data.numbers ~= &quot;both&quot;) then
		header = header .. &quot; &quot; .. &quot;&lt;small&gt;(&quot; .. data.numbers .. &quot;)&lt;/small&gt;&quot;
	end
	
	local res = {}

	local output = frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-top',
		args = {
			title = header,
			palette = 'blue',
			tall = 'yes',
			class = &quot;tr-alongside&quot;
		}
	} .. [=[
		!
		! เอกพจน์
		! พหูพจน์
		|-
		! กรรตุการก
		| {nom_sg}
		| {nom_pl}
		|-
		! สัมโพธนการก
		| {voc_sg}
		| {voc_pl}
		|-
		! กรรมการก
		| {acc_sg}
		| {acc_pl}
		|-
		! สัมปทานการก
		| {dat_sg}
		| {dat_pl}
		|-
		! อุปถัมภการก
		| {dat_sg_2}
		| {dat_pl_2}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 1
		| {gen_sg}
		| {gen_pl}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 2
		| {gen_sg_2}
		| {gen_pl_2}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 1
		| {loc_sg}
		| {loc_pl}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 2
		| {loc_sg_2}
		| {loc_pl_2}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 1
		| {soc_sg}
		| {soc_pl}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 2
		| {soc_sg_2}
		| {soc_pl_2}
		|-
		! กรณการก
		| {ins_sg}
		| {ins_pl}
		|-
		! อปาทานการก
		| {abl_sg}
		| {abl_pl}
		]=] .. frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-bottom',
	}
	
	table.insert(res, m_string_utilities.format(output, data))
	
	if (args.no_categories ~= &quot;true&quot; and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == &quot;&quot;) then
		table.insert(res, data.categories)
	end

	return table.concat(res)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>rp9h9okji8vv36qj22jbhdg1o7iq6z2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715193</id>
      <parentid>5715192</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T13:29:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715193</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13123" sha1="savlg26qbwom8ku1ab2q16vg90bvxb2" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}
local m_translit = require(&quot;Module:ta-translit-Latn&quot;)
local m_translit2 = require(&quot;Module:Taml-translit&quot;) --th
local m_tamil = require(&quot;Module:ta-conj&quot;)
local m_string_utilities = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local agglutinate = m_tamil.agglutinate

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local sub = mw.ustring.sub
local match = mw.ustring.match
local len = mw.ustring.len

local long_vowels = {
	['ா'] = 'ā',
	['ீ'] = 'ī',
	['ூ'] = 'ū',
	['ே'] = 'ē',
	['ோ'] = 'ō'
}

-- Clone parent’s args while also assigning nil to empty strings.
local function clone_args(frame)
	local args = {}
	for pname, param in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do
		if param == &quot;&quot; then
			args[pname] = nil
		else
			args[pname] = param
		end
	end
	return args
end

function export.do_generate_forms(args)
	local data = {}

	local PAGENAME = mw.loadData(&quot;Module:headword/data&quot;).pagename
	local base_provided = args[1] ~= nil
	local plural_lemma = args.num == &quot;pl&quot; and not base_provided
	local base

	if base_provided then
		base = args[1]
	else
		base = PAGENAME
	end

	local type_stem = plural_lemma and &quot;root&quot; or args.type
	data.type_stem = &quot;&quot;

	local oblique_sg_base = &quot;&quot;
	local plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்', { [&quot;do_not_adjust_nasals&quot;] = true }) --default

	local special_vocative = nil

	categories = &quot;&quot;

	oblique_sg_base = base -- default
	if (type_stem == &quot;root&quot; or type_stem == &quot;basic&quot; or type_stem == &quot;none&quot;) then
		-- do nothing
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;m&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ம்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;m-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'த்து'
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்') --merge nasals
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;i&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ி')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;i-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ai&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ை')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ai-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;y&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ய்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;y-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ā&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ா')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ā-stem&quot;
        oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ī&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ீ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ī-stem&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṟu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ற்று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ன்று&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṟu-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்று'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṭu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ட்டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ண்டு&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṭu-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ட்டு'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;u&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ு')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;u-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;l&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ல்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;l-stem&quot;
		special_vocative = base .. 'லே'
		oblique_sg_base = base .. 'லு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṉ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ன்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṉ-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'னு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. &quot;ர்கள்&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ū&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ூ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ū-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = base .. 'க்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ḷ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ள்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ḷ-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ளு'
		plu_base = agglutinate(sub(base, 1, -3), 'ட்கள்', {})
	else
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
	end

	if plural_lemma then
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base
		plu_base = base
	end

    if not plural_lemma and (args.type == &quot;root&quot; or args.type == &quot;basic&quot; or args.type == &quot;none&quot;) then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม root-stem ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
	end

	if ((args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]) and (args.plu_base or args[2])) then
		oblique_sg_base = args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]
		plu_base = args.plu_base or args[2]
	end

	data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or base
	data.voc_sg = args.voc_s or args[3] or special_vocative or
	agglutinate(base, &quot;ஏ&quot;,
		{ [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	-- mw.log(oblique_sg_base)
	data.acc_sg = args.acc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஐ',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg = args.dat_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்கு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg_2 = args.ben_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்காக',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	if (data.type_stem == &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		if not args.dat_s then
			data.dat_sg = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்கு',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
		if not args.ben_s then
			data.dat_sg_2 = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்காக',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
	end
	data.gen_sg = args.gen_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடைய',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_sg_2 = args.gen2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg = args.loc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg_2 = args.loc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இடம்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg = args.soc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஓடு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg_2 = args.soc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_sg = args.ins_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஆல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_sg = args.abl_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இலிருந்து',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	data.nom_pl = args.nom_p or plu_base
	data.voc_pl = args.voc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஏ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.acc_pl = args.acc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஐ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl = args.dat_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்கு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl_2 = args.ben_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்காக', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl = args.gen_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடைய', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl_2 = args.gen2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl = args.loc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl_2 = args.loc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இடம்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl = args.soc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஓடு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl_2 = args.soc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_pl = args.ins_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஆல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_pl = args.abl_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இலிருந்து', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	numbers = &quot;both&quot;
	if args.num == &quot;sg&quot; or (args[2] == &quot;-&quot; and not args.num) then
		numbers = &quot;singular only&quot;
		data.nom_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_pl = &quot;-&quot;
	elseif (args.num == &quot;pl&quot;) then
		numbers = &quot;plural only&quot;
		data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_sg = &quot;-&quot;
	end

    if numbers == &quot;plural only&quot; and not base_provided then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามพหูพจน์เท่านั้นภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	local data_type = data.type_stem
	for k, v in pairs(data) do
		if type(v) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for k1, v1 in pairs(v) do
				if (v1 ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
					data[k][k1] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
					v1 .. ']]&lt;/span&gt; ' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v1) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
				end
			end
		else
			if (v ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
				data[k] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
				v .. ']]&lt;/span&gt;' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
			end
		end
	end
	data.base = base .. ' (' .. m_translit.tr(base) .. ')'
	data.type_stem = data_type
	data.numbers = numbers
	data.categories = categories

	return data
end

function export.show(frame)
	local args = clone_args(frame)
	local data = export.do_generate_forms(args)

	if (args.notes) then
		if (data.type_stem == &quot;&quot;) then
			data.type_stem = args.notes
		else
			data.type_stem = data.type_stem .. &quot;, &quot; .. args.notes
		end
	end

	local header = &quot;&quot;
	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;&quot; and data.type_stem ~= &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		header = &quot;การผันรูป &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ของ &quot; .. data.base
	else
		header = &quot;การผันรูปของ &quot; .. data.base
	end
	if (data.numbers ~= &quot;both&quot;) then
		header = header .. &quot; &quot; .. &quot;&lt;small&gt;(&quot; .. data.numbers .. &quot;)&lt;/small&gt;&quot;
	end
	
	local res = {}

	local output = frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-top',
		args = {
			title = header,
			palette = 'blue',
			tall = 'yes',
			class = &quot;tr-alongside&quot;
		}
	} .. [=[
		!
		! เอกพจน์
		! พหูพจน์
		|-
		! กรรตุการก
		| {nom_sg}
		| {nom_pl}
		|-
		! สัมโพธนการก
		| {voc_sg}
		| {voc_pl}
		|-
		! กรรมการก
		| {acc_sg}
		| {acc_pl}
		|-
		! สัมปทานการก
		| {dat_sg}
		| {dat_pl}
		|-
		! อุปถัมภการก
		| {dat_sg_2}
		| {dat_pl_2}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 1
		| {gen_sg}
		| {gen_pl}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 2
		| {gen_sg_2}
		| {gen_pl_2}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 1
		| {loc_sg}
		| {loc_pl}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 2
		| {loc_sg_2}
		| {loc_pl_2}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 1
		| {soc_sg}
		| {soc_pl}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 2
		| {soc_sg_2}
		| {soc_pl_2}
		|-
		! กรณการก
		| {ins_sg}
		| {ins_pl}
		|-
		! อปาทานการก
		| {abl_sg}
		| {abl_pl}
		]=] .. frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-bottom',
	}
	
	table.insert(res, m_string_utilities.format(output, data))
	
	if (args.no_categories ~= &quot;true&quot; and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == &quot;&quot;) then
		table.insert(res, data.categories)
	end

	return table.concat(res)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>savlg26qbwom8ku1ab2q16vg90bvxb2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715194</id>
      <parentid>5715193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T13:29:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715194</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13124" sha1="ryczzexwm88nfgzmxx1d8tdnr4zarm3" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}
local m_translit = require(&quot;Module:ta-translit-Latn&quot;)
local m_translit2 = require(&quot;Module:Taml-translit&quot;) --th
local m_tamil = require(&quot;Module:ta-conj&quot;)
local m_string_utilities = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local agglutinate = m_tamil.agglutinate

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local sub = mw.ustring.sub
local match = mw.ustring.match
local len = mw.ustring.len

local long_vowels = {
	['ா'] = 'ā',
	['ீ'] = 'ī',
	['ூ'] = 'ū',
	['ே'] = 'ē',
	['ோ'] = 'ō'
}

-- Clone parent’s args while also assigning nil to empty strings.
local function clone_args(frame)
	local args = {}
	for pname, param in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do
		if param == &quot;&quot; then
			args[pname] = nil
		else
			args[pname] = param
		end
	end
	return args
end

function export.do_generate_forms(args)
	local data = {}

	local PAGENAME = mw.loadData(&quot;Module:headword/data&quot;).pagename
	local base_provided = args[1] ~= nil
	local plural_lemma = args.num == &quot;pl&quot; and not base_provided
	local base

	if base_provided then
		base = args[1]
	else
		base = PAGENAME
	end

	local type_stem = plural_lemma and &quot;root&quot; or args.type
	data.type_stem = &quot;&quot;

	local oblique_sg_base = &quot;&quot;
	local plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்', { [&quot;do_not_adjust_nasals&quot;] = true }) --default

	local special_vocative = nil

	categories = &quot;&quot;

	oblique_sg_base = base -- default
	if (type_stem == &quot;root&quot; or type_stem == &quot;basic&quot; or type_stem == &quot;none&quot;) then
		-- do nothing
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;m&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ம்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;m-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'த்து'
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்') --merge nasals
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;i&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ி')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;i-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ai&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ை')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ai-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;y&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ய்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;y-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ā&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ா')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ā-stem&quot;
        oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ī&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ீ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ī-stem&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṟu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ற்று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ன்று&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṟu-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்று'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṭu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ட்டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ண்டு&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṭu-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ட்டு'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;u&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ு')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;u-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;l&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ல்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;l-stem&quot;
		special_vocative = base .. 'லே'
		oblique_sg_base = base .. 'லு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṉ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ன்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṉ-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'னு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. &quot;ர்கள்&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ū&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ூ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ū-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = base .. 'க்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ḷ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ள்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ḷ-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ளு'
		plu_base = agglutinate(sub(base, 1, -3), 'ட்கள்', {})
	else
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
	end

	if plural_lemma then
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base
		plu_base = base
	end

    if not plural_lemma and (args.type == &quot;root&quot; or args.type == &quot;basic&quot; or args.type == &quot;none&quot;) then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม root-stem ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
	end

	if ((args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]) and (args.plu_base or args[2])) then
		oblique_sg_base = args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]
		plu_base = args.plu_base or args[2]
	end

	data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or base
	data.voc_sg = args.voc_s or args[3] or special_vocative or
	agglutinate(base, &quot;ஏ&quot;,
		{ [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	-- mw.log(oblique_sg_base)
	data.acc_sg = args.acc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஐ',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg = args.dat_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்கு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg_2 = args.ben_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்காக',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	if (data.type_stem == &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		if not args.dat_s then
			data.dat_sg = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்கு',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
		if not args.ben_s then
			data.dat_sg_2 = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்காக',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
	end
	data.gen_sg = args.gen_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடைய',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_sg_2 = args.gen2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg = args.loc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg_2 = args.loc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இடம்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg = args.soc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஓடு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg_2 = args.soc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_sg = args.ins_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஆல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_sg = args.abl_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இலிருந்து',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	data.nom_pl = args.nom_p or plu_base
	data.voc_pl = args.voc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஏ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.acc_pl = args.acc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஐ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl = args.dat_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்கு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl_2 = args.ben_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்காக', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl = args.gen_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடைய', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl_2 = args.gen2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl = args.loc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl_2 = args.loc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இடம்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl = args.soc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஓடு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl_2 = args.soc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_pl = args.ins_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஆல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_pl = args.abl_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இலிருந்து', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	numbers = &quot;both&quot;
	if args.num == &quot;sg&quot; or (args[2] == &quot;-&quot; and not args.num) then
		numbers = &quot;singular only&quot;
		data.nom_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_pl = &quot;-&quot;
	elseif (args.num == &quot;pl&quot;) then
		numbers = &quot;plural only&quot;
		data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_sg = &quot;-&quot;
	end

    if numbers == &quot;plural only&quot; and not base_provided then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามพหูพจน์เท่านั้นภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	local data_type = data.type_stem
	for k, v in pairs(data) do
		if type(v) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for k1, v1 in pairs(v) do
				if (v1 ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
					data[k][k1] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
					v1 .. ']]&lt;/span&gt; ' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v1) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
				end
			end
		else
			if (v ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
				data[k] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
				v .. ']]&lt;/span&gt;' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
			end
		end
	end
	data.base = base .. ' (' .. m_translit2.tr(base) .. ')'
	data.type_stem = data_type
	data.numbers = numbers
	data.categories = categories

	return data
end

function export.show(frame)
	local args = clone_args(frame)
	local data = export.do_generate_forms(args)

	if (args.notes) then
		if (data.type_stem == &quot;&quot;) then
			data.type_stem = args.notes
		else
			data.type_stem = data.type_stem .. &quot;, &quot; .. args.notes
		end
	end

	local header = &quot;&quot;
	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;&quot; and data.type_stem ~= &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		header = &quot;การผันรูป &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ของ &quot; .. data.base
	else
		header = &quot;การผันรูปของ &quot; .. data.base
	end
	if (data.numbers ~= &quot;both&quot;) then
		header = header .. &quot; &quot; .. &quot;&lt;small&gt;(&quot; .. data.numbers .. &quot;)&lt;/small&gt;&quot;
	end
	
	local res = {}

	local output = frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-top',
		args = {
			title = header,
			palette = 'blue',
			tall = 'yes',
			class = &quot;tr-alongside&quot;
		}
	} .. [=[
		!
		! เอกพจน์
		! พหูพจน์
		|-
		! กรรตุการก
		| {nom_sg}
		| {nom_pl}
		|-
		! สัมโพธนการก
		| {voc_sg}
		| {voc_pl}
		|-
		! กรรมการก
		| {acc_sg}
		| {acc_pl}
		|-
		! สัมปทานการก
		| {dat_sg}
		| {dat_pl}
		|-
		! อุปถัมภการก
		| {dat_sg_2}
		| {dat_pl_2}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 1
		| {gen_sg}
		| {gen_pl}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 2
		| {gen_sg_2}
		| {gen_pl_2}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 1
		| {loc_sg}
		| {loc_pl}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 2
		| {loc_sg_2}
		| {loc_pl_2}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 1
		| {soc_sg}
		| {soc_pl}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 2
		| {soc_sg_2}
		| {soc_pl_2}
		|-
		! กรณการก
		| {ins_sg}
		| {ins_pl}
		|-
		! อปาทานการก
		| {abl_sg}
		| {abl_pl}
		]=] .. frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-bottom',
	}
	
	table.insert(res, m_string_utilities.format(output, data))
	
	if (args.no_categories ~= &quot;true&quot; and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == &quot;&quot;) then
		table.insert(res, data.categories)
	end

	return table.concat(res)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>ryczzexwm88nfgzmxx1d8tdnr4zarm3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715195</id>
      <parentid>5715194</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T13:31:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715195</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13342" sha1="em6dq6n4iqd0c4ixjjvpfxdfsdlp4l2" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}
local m_translit = require(&quot;Module:ta-translit-Latn&quot;)
local m_translit2 = require(&quot;Module:Taml-translit&quot;) --th
local m_tamil = require(&quot;Module:ta-conj&quot;)
local m_string_utilities = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local agglutinate = m_tamil.agglutinate

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local sub = mw.ustring.sub
local match = mw.ustring.match
local len = mw.ustring.len

local long_vowels = {
	['ா'] = 'ā',
	['ீ'] = 'ī',
	['ூ'] = 'ū',
	['ே'] = 'ē',
	['ோ'] = 'ō'
}

-- Clone parent’s args while also assigning nil to empty strings.
local function clone_args(frame)
	local args = {}
	for pname, param in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do
		if param == &quot;&quot; then
			args[pname] = nil
		else
			args[pname] = param
		end
	end
	return args
end

function export.do_generate_forms(args)
	local data = {}

	local PAGENAME = mw.loadData(&quot;Module:headword/data&quot;).pagename
	local base_provided = args[1] ~= nil
	local plural_lemma = args.num == &quot;pl&quot; and not base_provided
	local base

	if base_provided then
		base = args[1]
	else
		base = PAGENAME
	end

	local type_stem = plural_lemma and &quot;root&quot; or args.type
	data.type_stem = &quot;&quot;

	local oblique_sg_base = &quot;&quot;
	local plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்', { [&quot;do_not_adjust_nasals&quot;] = true }) --default

	local special_vocative = nil

	categories = &quot;&quot;

	oblique_sg_base = base -- default
	if (type_stem == &quot;root&quot; or type_stem == &quot;basic&quot; or type_stem == &quot;none&quot;) then
		-- do nothing
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;m&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ம்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;m-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'த்து'
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்') --merge nasals
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;i&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ி')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;i-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ai&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ை')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ai-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;y&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ய்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;y-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ā&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ா')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ā-stem&quot;
        oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ī&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ீ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ī-stem&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṟu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ற்று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ன்று&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṟu-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்று'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṭu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ட்டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ண்டு&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṭu-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ட்டு'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;u&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ு')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;u-stem&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;l&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ல்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;l-stem&quot;
		special_vocative = base .. 'லே'
		oblique_sg_base = base .. 'லு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṉ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ன்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ṉ-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'னு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. &quot;ர்கள்&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ū&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ூ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ū-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = base .. 'க்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ḷ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ள்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ḷ-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ளு'
		plu_base = agglutinate(sub(base, 1, -3), 'ட்கள்', {})
	else
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
	end

	if plural_lemma then
		data.type_stem = &quot;root-stem&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base
		plu_base = base
	end

    if not plural_lemma and (args.type == &quot;root&quot; or args.type == &quot;basic&quot; or args.type == &quot;none&quot;) then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม root-stem ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
	end

	if ((args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]) and (args.plu_base or args[2])) then
		oblique_sg_base = args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]
		plu_base = args.plu_base or args[2]
	end

	data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or base
	data.voc_sg = args.voc_s or args[3] or special_vocative or
	agglutinate(base, &quot;ஏ&quot;,
		{ [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	-- mw.log(oblique_sg_base)
	data.acc_sg = args.acc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஐ',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg = args.dat_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்கு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg_2 = args.ben_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்காக',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	if (data.type_stem == &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		if not args.dat_s then
			data.dat_sg = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்கு',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
		if not args.ben_s then
			data.dat_sg_2 = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்காக',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
	end
	data.gen_sg = args.gen_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடைய',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_sg_2 = args.gen2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg = args.loc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg_2 = args.loc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இடம்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg = args.soc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஓடு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg_2 = args.soc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_sg = args.ins_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஆல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_sg = args.abl_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இலிருந்து',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	data.nom_pl = args.nom_p or plu_base
	data.voc_pl = args.voc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஏ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.acc_pl = args.acc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஐ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl = args.dat_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்கு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl_2 = args.ben_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்காக', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl = args.gen_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடைய', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl_2 = args.gen2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl = args.loc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl_2 = args.loc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இடம்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl = args.soc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஓடு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl_2 = args.soc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_pl = args.ins_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஆல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_pl = args.abl_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இலிருந்து', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	numbers = &quot;ทั้งเอกพจน์และพหูพจน์&quot;
	if args.num == &quot;sg&quot; or (args[2] == &quot;-&quot; and not args.num) then
		numbers = &quot;เอกพจน์เท่านั้น&quot;
		data.nom_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_pl = &quot;-&quot;
	elseif (args.num == &quot;pl&quot;) then
		numbers = &quot;พหูพจน์เท่านั้น&quot;
		data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_sg = &quot;-&quot;
	end

    if numbers == &quot;พหูพจน์เท่านั้น&quot; and not base_provided then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามพหูพจน์เท่านั้นภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	local data_type = data.type_stem
	for k, v in pairs(data) do
		if type(v) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for k1, v1 in pairs(v) do
				if (v1 ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
					data[k][k1] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
					v1 .. ']]&lt;/span&gt; ' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v1) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
				end
			end
		else
			if (v ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
				data[k] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
				v .. ']]&lt;/span&gt;' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
			end
		end
	end
	data.base = base .. ' (' .. m_translit2.tr(base) .. ')'
	data.type_stem = data_type
	data.numbers = numbers
	data.categories = categories

	return data
end

function export.show(frame)
	local args = clone_args(frame)
	local data = export.do_generate_forms(args)

	if (args.notes) then
		if (data.type_stem == &quot;&quot;) then
			data.type_stem = args.notes
		else
			data.type_stem = data.type_stem .. &quot;, &quot; .. args.notes
		end
	end

	local header = &quot;&quot;
	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;&quot; and data.type_stem ~= &quot;root-stem&quot;) then
		header = &quot;การผันรูป &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ของ &quot; .. data.base
	else
		header = &quot;การผันรูปของ &quot; .. data.base
	end
	if (data.numbers ~= &quot;ทั้งเอกพจน์และพหูพจน์&quot;) then
		header = header .. &quot; &quot; .. &quot;&lt;small&gt;(&quot; .. data.numbers .. &quot;)&lt;/small&gt;&quot;
	end
	
	local res = {}

	local output = frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-top',
		args = {
			title = header,
			palette = 'blue',
			tall = 'yes',
			class = &quot;tr-alongside&quot;
		}
	} .. [=[
		!
		! เอกพจน์
		! พหูพจน์
		|-
		! กรรตุการก
		| {nom_sg}
		| {nom_pl}
		|-
		! สัมโพธนการก
		| {voc_sg}
		| {voc_pl}
		|-
		! กรรมการก
		| {acc_sg}
		| {acc_pl}
		|-
		! สัมปทานการก
		| {dat_sg}
		| {dat_pl}
		|-
		! อุปถัมภการก
		| {dat_sg_2}
		| {dat_pl_2}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 1
		| {gen_sg}
		| {gen_pl}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 2
		| {gen_sg_2}
		| {gen_pl_2}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 1
		| {loc_sg}
		| {loc_pl}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 2
		| {loc_sg_2}
		| {loc_pl_2}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 1
		| {soc_sg}
		| {soc_pl}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 2
		| {soc_sg_2}
		| {soc_pl_2}
		|-
		! กรณการก
		| {ins_sg}
		| {ins_pl}
		|-
		! อปาทานการก
		| {abl_sg}
		| {abl_pl}
		]=] .. frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-bottom',
	}
	
	table.insert(res, m_string_utilities.format(output, data))
	
	if (args.no_categories ~= &quot;true&quot; and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == &quot;&quot;) then
		table.insert(res, data.categories)
	end

	return table.concat(res)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>em6dq6n4iqd0c4ixjjvpfxdfsdlp4l2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715199</id>
      <parentid>5715195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T16:46:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715199</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13740" sha1="qt41dx2juhuc6w93nv5bgxx760cubmm" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}
local m_translit = require(&quot;Module:ta-translit-Latn&quot;)
local m_translit2 = require(&quot;Module:Taml-translit&quot;) --th
local m_tamil = require(&quot;Module:ta-conj&quot;)
local m_string_utilities = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local agglutinate = m_tamil.agglutinate

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local sub = mw.ustring.sub
local match = mw.ustring.match
local len = mw.ustring.len

local long_vowels = {
	['ா'] = 'ā',
	['ீ'] = 'ī',
	['ூ'] = 'ū',
	['ே'] = 'ē',
	['ோ'] = 'ō'
}

-- Clone parent’s args while also assigning nil to empty strings.
local function clone_args(frame)
	local args = {}
	for pname, param in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do
		if param == &quot;&quot; then
			args[pname] = nil
		else
			args[pname] = param
		end
	end
	return args
end

function export.do_generate_forms(args)
	local data = {}

	local PAGENAME = mw.loadData(&quot;Module:headword/data&quot;).pagename
	local base_provided = args[1] ~= nil
	local plural_lemma = args.num == &quot;pl&quot; and not base_provided
	local base

	if base_provided then
		base = args[1]
	else
		base = PAGENAME
	end

	local type_stem = plural_lemma and &quot;root&quot; or args.type
	data.type_stem = &quot;&quot;

	local oblique_sg_base = &quot;&quot;
	local plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்', { [&quot;do_not_adjust_nasals&quot;] = true }) --default

	local special_vocative = nil

	categories = &quot;&quot;

	oblique_sg_base = base -- default
	if (type_stem == &quot;root&quot; or type_stem == &quot;basic&quot; or type_stem == &quot;none&quot;) then
		-- do nothing
		data.type_stem = &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;m&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ம்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ம் การันต์&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'த்து'
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்') --merge nasals
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;i&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ி')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;இ การันต์&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ai&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ை')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ஐ การันต์&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;y&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ய்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ய் การันต์&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ā&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ா')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ஆ การันต์&quot;
        oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ī&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ீ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ஈ การันต์&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṟu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ற்று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ன்று&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;று การันต์&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்று'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṭu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ட்டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ண்டு&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;டு การันต์&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ட்டு'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;u&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ு')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;உ การันต์&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;l&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ல்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ல் การันต์&quot;
		special_vocative = base .. 'லே'
		oblique_sg_base = base .. 'லு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṉ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ன்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ன் การันต์&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'னு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. &quot;ர்கள்&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ū&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ூ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ஊ การันต์&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = base .. 'க்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ḷ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ள்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ள் การันต์&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ளு'
		plu_base = agglutinate(sub(base, 1, -3), 'ட்கள்', {})
	else
		data.type_stem = &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;
	end

	if plural_lemma then
		data.type_stem = &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base
		plu_base = base
	end

    if not plural_lemma and (args.type == &quot;root&quot; or args.type == &quot;basic&quot; or args.type == &quot;none&quot;) then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามมูลการันต์ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;) then
		categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot;ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
	end

	if ((args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]) and (args.plu_base or args[2])) then
		oblique_sg_base = args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]
		plu_base = args.plu_base or args[2]
	end

	data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or base
	data.voc_sg = args.voc_s or args[3] or special_vocative or
	agglutinate(base, &quot;ஏ&quot;,
		{ [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	-- mw.log(oblique_sg_base)
	data.acc_sg = args.acc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஐ',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg = args.dat_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்கு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg_2 = args.ben_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்காக',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	if (data.type_stem == &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;) then
		if not args.dat_s then
			data.dat_sg = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்கு',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
		if not args.ben_s then
			data.dat_sg_2 = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்காக',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
	end
	data.gen_sg = args.gen_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடைய',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_sg_2 = args.gen2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg = args.loc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg_2 = args.loc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இடம்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg = args.soc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஓடு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg_2 = args.soc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_sg = args.ins_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஆல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_sg = args.abl_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இலிருந்து',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	data.nom_pl = args.nom_p or plu_base
	data.voc_pl = args.voc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஏ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.acc_pl = args.acc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஐ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl = args.dat_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்கு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl_2 = args.ben_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்காக', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl = args.gen_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடைய', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl_2 = args.gen2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl = args.loc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl_2 = args.loc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இடம்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl = args.soc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஓடு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl_2 = args.soc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_pl = args.ins_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஆல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_pl = args.abl_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இலிருந்து', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	numbers = &quot;ทั้งเอกพจน์และพหูพจน์&quot;
	if args.num == &quot;sg&quot; or (args[2] == &quot;-&quot; and not args.num) then
		numbers = &quot;เอกพจน์เท่านั้น&quot;
		data.nom_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_pl = &quot;-&quot;
	elseif (args.num == &quot;pl&quot;) then
		numbers = &quot;พหูพจน์เท่านั้น&quot;
		data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_sg = &quot;-&quot;
	end

    if numbers == &quot;พหูพจน์เท่านั้น&quot; and not base_provided then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามพหูพจน์เท่านั้นภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	local data_type = data.type_stem
	for k, v in pairs(data) do
		if type(v) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for k1, v1 in pairs(v) do
				if (v1 ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
					data[k][k1] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
					v1 .. ']]&lt;/span&gt; ' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v1) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
				end
			end
		else
			if (v ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
				data[k] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
				v .. ']]&lt;/span&gt;' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
			end
		end
	end
	data.base = base .. ' (' .. m_translit2.tr(base) .. ')'
	data.type_stem = data_type
	data.numbers = numbers
	data.categories = categories

	return data
end

function export.show(frame)
	local args = clone_args(frame)
	local data = export.do_generate_forms(args)

	if (args.notes) then
		if (data.type_stem == &quot;&quot;) then
			data.type_stem = args.notes
		else
			data.type_stem = data.type_stem .. &quot;, &quot; .. args.notes
		end
	end

	local header = &quot;&quot;
	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;&quot; and data.type_stem ~= &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;) then
		header = &quot;การผันรูป &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ของ &quot; .. data.base
	else
		header = &quot;การผันรูปของ &quot; .. data.base
	end
	if (data.numbers ~= &quot;ทั้งเอกพจน์และพหูพจน์&quot;) then
		header = header .. &quot; &quot; .. &quot;&lt;small&gt;(&quot; .. data.numbers .. &quot;)&lt;/small&gt;&quot;
	end
	
	local res = {}

	local output = frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-top',
		args = {
			title = header,
			palette = 'blue',
			tall = 'yes',
			class = &quot;tr-alongside&quot;
		}
	} .. [=[
		!
		! เอกพจน์
		! พหูพจน์
		|-
		! กรรตุการก
		| {nom_sg}
		| {nom_pl}
		|-
		! สัมโพธนการก
		| {voc_sg}
		| {voc_pl}
		|-
		! กรรมการก
		| {acc_sg}
		| {acc_pl}
		|-
		! สัมปทานการก
		| {dat_sg}
		| {dat_pl}
		|-
		! อุปถัมภการก
		| {dat_sg_2}
		| {dat_pl_2}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 1
		| {gen_sg}
		| {gen_pl}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 2
		| {gen_sg_2}
		| {gen_pl_2}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 1
		| {loc_sg}
		| {loc_pl}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 2
		| {loc_sg_2}
		| {loc_pl_2}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 1
		| {soc_sg}
		| {soc_pl}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 2
		| {soc_sg_2}
		| {soc_pl_2}
		|-
		! กรณการก
		| {ins_sg}
		| {ins_pl}
		|-
		! อปาทานการก
		| {abl_sg}
		| {abl_pl}
		]=] .. frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-bottom',
	}
	
	table.insert(res, m_string_utilities.format(output, data))
	
	if (args.no_categories ~= &quot;true&quot; and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == &quot;&quot;) then
		table.insert(res, data.categories)
	end

	return table.concat(res)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>qt41dx2juhuc6w93nv5bgxx760cubmm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715201</id>
      <parentid>5715199</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T16:59:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>5715201</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13874" sha1="kb5fz7wyqw0t52i5qs8q6faro2nvcgu" xml:space="preserve">local export = {}
local m_translit = require(&quot;Module:ta-translit-Latn&quot;)
local m_translit2 = require(&quot;Module:Taml-translit&quot;) --th
local m_tamil = require(&quot;Module:ta-conj&quot;)
local m_string_utilities = require(&quot;Module:string utilities&quot;)
local agglutinate = m_tamil.agglutinate

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
local sub = mw.ustring.sub
local match = mw.ustring.match
local len = mw.ustring.len

local long_vowels = {
	['ா'] = 'ā',
	['ீ'] = 'ī',
	['ூ'] = 'ū',
	['ே'] = 'ē',
	['ோ'] = 'ō'
}

-- Clone parent’s args while also assigning nil to empty strings.
local function clone_args(frame)
	local args = {}
	for pname, param in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do
		if param == &quot;&quot; then
			args[pname] = nil
		else
			args[pname] = param
		end
	end
	return args
end

function export.do_generate_forms(args)
	local data = {}

	local PAGENAME = mw.loadData(&quot;Module:headword/data&quot;).pagename
	local base_provided = args[1] ~= nil
	local plural_lemma = args.num == &quot;pl&quot; and not base_provided
	local base

	if base_provided then
		base = args[1]
	else
		base = PAGENAME
	end

	local type_stem = plural_lemma and &quot;root&quot; or args.type
	data.type_stem = &quot;&quot;

	local oblique_sg_base = &quot;&quot;
	local plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்', { [&quot;do_not_adjust_nasals&quot;] = true }) --default

	local special_vocative = nil

	categories = &quot;&quot;

	oblique_sg_base = base -- default
	if (type_stem == &quot;root&quot; or type_stem == &quot;basic&quot; or type_stem == &quot;none&quot;) then
		-- do nothing
		data.type_stem = &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;m&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ம்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ம் การันต์&quot; -- มฺ
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'த்து'
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'கள்') --merge nasals
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;i&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ி')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;இ การันต์&quot; -- อิ
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ai&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ை')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ஐ การันต์&quot; -- ไอ
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;y&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == 'ய்')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ய் การันต์&quot; -- ยฺ
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ā&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ா')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ஆ การันต์&quot; -- อา
        oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ī&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ீ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ஈ การันต์&quot; -- อี
		plu_base = agglutinate(base, 'க்கள்', {})
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṟu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ற்று&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ன்று&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;று การันต์&quot; -- รุ̱
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்று'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṭu&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ட்டு&quot; and sub(base, -4) ~= &quot;ண்டு&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;டு การันต์&quot; -- ฏุ
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ட்டு'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;u&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == 'ு')) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;உ การันต์&quot; -- อุ
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;l&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ல்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ல் การันต์&quot; -- ลฺ
		special_vocative = base .. 'லே'
		oblique_sg_base = base .. 'லு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ற்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ṉ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ன்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ன் การันต์&quot; -- นฺ̱
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'னு'
		plu_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. &quot;ர்கள்&quot;
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ū&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -1) == &quot;ூ&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ஊ การันต์&quot; -- อู
		oblique_sg_base = base .. &quot;வு&quot;
		plu_base = base .. 'க்கள்'
	elseif (type_stem == &quot;ḷ&quot; or (type_stem == nil and sub(base, -2) == &quot;ள்&quot;)) then
		data.type_stem = &quot;ள் การันต์&quot; -- ฬฺ
		oblique_sg_base = sub(base, 1, -3) .. 'ளு'
		plu_base = agglutinate(sub(base, 1, -3), 'ட்கள்', {})
	else
		data.type_stem = &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;
	end

	if plural_lemma then
		data.type_stem = &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;
		oblique_sg_base = base
		plu_base = base
	end

    if not plural_lemma and (args.type == &quot;root&quot; or args.type == &quot;basic&quot; or args.type == &quot;none&quot;) then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามมูลการันต์ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;) then
		categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนาม &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot;ภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
	end

	if ((args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]) and (args.plu_base or args[2])) then
		oblique_sg_base = args.oblique_sg_base or args[4]
		plu_base = args.plu_base or args[2]
	end

	data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or base
	data.voc_sg = args.voc_s or args[3] or special_vocative or
	agglutinate(base, &quot;ஏ&quot;,
		{ [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	-- mw.log(oblique_sg_base)
	data.acc_sg = args.acc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஐ',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg = args.dat_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்கு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_sg_2 = args.ben_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'க்காக',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	if (data.type_stem == &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;) then
		if not args.dat_s then
			data.dat_sg = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்கு',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
		if not args.ben_s then
			data.dat_sg_2 = agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உக்காக',
				{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
					[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
		end
	end
	data.gen_sg = args.gen_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடைய',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_sg_2 = args.gen2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg = args.loc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_sg_2 = args.loc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இடம்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg = args.soc_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஓடு',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_sg_2 = args.soc2_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'உடன்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_sg = args.ins_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'ஆல்',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_sg = args.abl_s or
	agglutinate(oblique_sg_base, 'இலிருந்து',
		{ [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;delete_final_u&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_nasals&quot;] = true,
			[&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	data.nom_pl = args.nom_p or plu_base
	data.voc_pl = args.voc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஏ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.acc_pl = args.acc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஐ', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl = args.dat_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்கு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.dat_pl_2 = args.ben_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உக்காக', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl = args.gen_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடைய', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.gen_pl_2 = args.gen2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl = args.loc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.loc_pl_2 = args.loc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இடம்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl = args.soc_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஓடு', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.soc_pl_2 = args.soc2_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'உடன்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.ins_pl = args.ins_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'ஆல்', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })
	data.abl_pl = args.abl_p or
	agglutinate(plu_base, 'இலிருந்து', { [&quot;delete_final_a&quot;] = true, [&quot;do_not_duplicate_laterals&quot;] = true })

	numbers = &quot;ทั้งเอกพจน์และพหูพจน์&quot;
	if args.num == &quot;sg&quot; or (args[2] == &quot;-&quot; and not args.num) then
		numbers = &quot;เอกพจน์เท่านั้น&quot;
		data.nom_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_pl_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_pl = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_pl = &quot;-&quot;
	elseif (args.num == &quot;pl&quot;) then
		numbers = &quot;พหูพจน์เท่านั้น&quot;
		data.nom_sg = args.nom_s or &quot;-&quot;
		data.voc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.acc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.dat_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.gen_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.loc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.soc_sg_2 = &quot;-&quot;
		data.ins_sg = &quot;-&quot;
		data.abl_sg = &quot;-&quot;
	end

    if numbers == &quot;พหูพจน์เท่านั้น&quot; and not base_provided then
        categories = categories .. &quot;[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามพหูพจน์เท่านั้นภาษาทมิฬ]]&quot;
    end

	local data_type = data.type_stem
	for k, v in pairs(data) do
		if type(v) == &quot;table&quot; then
			for k1, v1 in pairs(v) do
				if (v1 ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
					data[k][k1] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
					v1 .. ']]&lt;/span&gt; ' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v1) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
				end
			end
		else
			if (v ~= &quot;-&quot;) then
				data[k] = '&lt;span class=&quot;Taml&quot;&gt;[[' ..
				v .. ']]&lt;/span&gt;' .. ' &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small style=&quot;color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888)&quot;&gt;' .. m_translit2.tr(v) .. '&lt;/small&gt;'
			end
		end
	end
	data.base = base .. ' (' .. m_translit2.tr(base) .. ')'
	data.type_stem = data_type
	data.numbers = numbers
	data.categories = categories

	return data
end

function export.show(frame)
	local args = clone_args(frame)
	local data = export.do_generate_forms(args)

	if (args.notes) then
		if (data.type_stem == &quot;&quot;) then
			data.type_stem = args.notes
		else
			data.type_stem = data.type_stem .. &quot;, &quot; .. args.notes
		end
	end

	local header = &quot;&quot;
	if (data.type_stem ~= &quot;&quot; and data.type_stem ~= &quot;มูลการันต์&quot;) then
		header = &quot;การผันรูป &quot; .. data.type_stem .. &quot; ของ &quot; .. data.base
	else
		header = &quot;การผันรูปของ &quot; .. data.base
	end
	if (data.numbers ~= &quot;ทั้งเอกพจน์และพหูพจน์&quot;) then
		header = header .. &quot; &quot; .. &quot;&lt;small&gt;(&quot; .. data.numbers .. &quot;)&lt;/small&gt;&quot;
	end
	
	local res = {}

	local output = frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-top',
		args = {
			title = header,
			palette = 'blue',
			tall = 'yes',
			class = &quot;tr-alongside&quot;
		}
	} .. [=[
		!
		! เอกพจน์
		! พหูพจน์
		|-
		! กรรตุการก
		| {nom_sg}
		| {nom_pl}
		|-
		! สัมโพธนการก
		| {voc_sg}
		| {voc_pl}
		|-
		! กรรมการก
		| {acc_sg}
		| {acc_pl}
		|-
		! สัมปทานการก
		| {dat_sg}
		| {dat_pl}
		|-
		! อุปถัมภการก
		| {dat_sg_2}
		| {dat_pl_2}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 1
		| {gen_sg}
		| {gen_pl}
		|-
		! สัมพันธการก 2
		| {gen_sg_2}
		| {gen_pl_2}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 1
		| {loc_sg}
		| {loc_pl}
		|-
		! อธิกรณการก 2
		| {loc_sg_2}
		| {loc_pl_2}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 1
		| {soc_sg}
		| {soc_pl}
		|-
		! สหัตถการก 2
		| {soc_sg_2}
		| {soc_pl_2}
		|-
		! กรณการก
		| {ins_sg}
		| {ins_pl}
		|-
		! อปาทานการก
		| {abl_sg}
		| {abl_pl}
		]=] .. frame:expandTemplate {
		title = 'inflection-table-bottom',
	}
	
	table.insert(res, m_string_utilities.format(output, data))
	
	if (args.no_categories ~= &quot;true&quot; and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText == &quot;&quot;) then
		table.insert(res, data.categories)
	end

	return table.concat(res)
end

return export</text>
      <sha1>kb5fz7wyqw0t52i5qs8q6faro2nvcgu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาทมิฬที่รับมาจากภาษาตุรกีแบบออตโตมัน</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715202</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:02:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715202</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาทมิฬที่รับมาจากภาษาอิตาลี</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326672</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715203</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:02:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715203</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาทมิฬที่รับมาจากภาษาดัตช์</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326673</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715204</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:02:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715204</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ta:กาแฟ</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326674</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715205</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:02:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715205</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>முரளி</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326675</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715206</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:06:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715206</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="320" sha1="mevy5mc9r5eiq6oienzgznbqe0595qg" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาทมิฬ ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
{{bor+|ta|sa|मुरली}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{ta-IPA}}

=== คำนาม ===
{{ta-noun}}

# {{lb|ta|musical instruments}} [[ขลุ่ย]] (จากไม้ไผ่)

==== การผันรูป ====
{{ta-decl}}</text>
      <sha1>mevy5mc9r5eiq6oienzgznbqe0595qg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฮินดีที่รับมาจากภาษากันนาดา</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326676</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715207</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:06:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715207</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฮินดีที่ยืมมาจากภาษากันนาดา</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326677</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715208</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:06:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715208</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฮินดีที่รับมาจากภาษาทมิฬ</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326678</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715209</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:06:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715209</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฮินดีที่ยืมมาจากภาษาทมิฬ</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326679</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715210</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:06:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715210</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาญี่ปุ่นที่รับมาจากภาษาสิงหล</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326680</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715218</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-07T17:14:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715218</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>joodiku</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326681</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715222</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:52:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715222</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="139" sha1="kysckgjfztnr6ilf30bog7jqw6qb6tl" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาเอสโตเนีย ==

=== คำนาม ===
{{head|et|รูปนาม}}

# {{inflection of|et|joodik||gen|s}}</text>
      <sha1>kysckgjfztnr6ilf30bog7jqw6qb6tl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>joodikut</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326682</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715223</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:52:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715223</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="139" sha1="m8ers3flzed0r1ajp573p0jgy1t6joa" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาเอสโตเนีย ==

=== คำนาม ===
{{head|et|รูปนาม}}

# {{inflection of|et|joodik||par|s}}</text>
      <sha1>m8ers3flzed0r1ajp573p0jgy1t6joa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>jooksul</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326683</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715224</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:53:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715224</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="430" sha1="k2aa47yyh7nemdfrdwzc72z2wzsycv5" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาเอสโตเนีย ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
Adessive of {{m|et|jooks||a run}}

=== คำนาม ===
{{head|et|รูปนาม}}

# {{noun form of|et|jooks||ade|s}}

=== คำปัจฉบท ===
{{head|et|คำปัจฉบท}}

# [[ท่ามกลาง]], [[ระหว่าง]]

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|et|vältel}}
* {{l|et|kestel}}
* {{l|et|ajal}}</text>
      <sha1>k2aa47yyh7nemdfrdwzc72z2wzsycv5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>joogi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326684</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715225</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:53:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา</comment>
      <origin>5715225</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="599" sha1="3vrcdovs3nkku4b17wxkv4esevf0mne" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาฟินแลนด์ ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|fi|hi|योगी}}, จาก{{der|fi|sa|योगिन्}}; เทียบ{{cog|en|yogi}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
{{fi-p}}

=== คำนาม ===
{{fi-noun}}

# [[โยคี]], [[นักโยคะ]]

==== การผันรูป ====
{{fi-decl-risti|joog|||a}}

=== อ่านเพิ่ม ===
* {{R:KTSK|accessdate=2023-07-02}}

== ภาษาเอสโตเนีย ==

=== คำนาม ===
{{head|et|รูปนาม}}

# {{noun form of|et|jook||gen|s}}</text>
      <sha1>3vrcdovs3nkku4b17wxkv4esevf0mne</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฟินแลนด์ที่รับมาจากภาษาสันสกฤต</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326685</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715226</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:54:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715226</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฟินแลนด์ที่รับมาจากภาษาฮินดี</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326686</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715227</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:54:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715227</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฟินแลนด์ที่ยืมมาจากภาษาฮินดี</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326687</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715228</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T01:54:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715228</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sri Lankas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326688</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715247</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:15:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715247</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="179" sha1="c3yegs9l55f4esiogtxhkbwsvcce72n" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาสวีเดน ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sv|รูปวิสามานยนาม}}

# {{inflection of|sv|Sri Lanka||gen}}</text>
      <sha1>c3yegs9l55f4esiogtxhkbwsvcce72n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>5715248</id>
      <parentid>5715247</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:17:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715248</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="363" sha1="t15lpp0jfh7n0dkw4juy31padhg1b7y" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาเยอรมัน ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|de|รูปวิสามานยนาม}}

# {{inflection of|de|Sri Lanka||gen}}

== ภาษาสวีเดน ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|sv|รูปวิสามานยนาม}}

# {{inflection of|sv|Sri Lanka||gen}}</text>
      <sha1>t15lpp0jfh7n0dkw4juy31padhg1b7y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษที่รับมาจากภาษาสิงหล</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326689</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715251</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715251</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษที่ยืมมาจากภาษาสิงหล</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326690</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715252</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715252</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาแฟโรที่รับมาจากภาษาสิงหล</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326691</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715253</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715253</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฟินแลนด์ที่ยืมมาจากภาษาสิงหล</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326692</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715254</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715254</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาเดนมาร์กที่รับมาจากภาษาสิงหล</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326693</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715255</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715255</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาฟินแลนด์ที่รับมาจากภาษาสิงหล</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326694</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715256</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715256</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ast:ประเทศ</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326695</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715257</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:18:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715257</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาเดนมาร์กที่รับมาจากภาษาสันสกฤต</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326696</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715258</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:19:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715258</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาคอร์นวอลล์ที่รับมาจากภาษาสิงหล</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326697</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715259</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:19:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715259</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษากาตาลาที่สะกดด้วย K</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326698</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715260</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:19:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหน้าด้วย &quot;{{auto cat}}&quot;</comment>
      <origin>5715260</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษากาตาลาแบ่งตามตัวอักษรเฉพาะตัว</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326699</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715261</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:19:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715261</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sri Lanca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326700</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715262</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T02:21:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715262</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="468" sha1="qhuexi9m227oshn031ejjc9mf2jsuqi" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาโปรตุเกส ==

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{pt-proper noun|m|nolinkhead=1}}

# {{alternative spelling of|pt|Sri Lanka}}: {{tcl|pt|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

== ภาษาเวลส์ ==
{{wp|cy:}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{cy-prop|head=Sri Lanca|m}}

# {{tcl|cy|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}
#: {{syn|cy|Seilón}}

=== ดูเพิ่ม ===
{{list:countries in Asia/cy}}</text>
      <sha1>qhuexi9m227oshn031ejjc9mf2jsuqi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>သီဟိုဠ်</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326701</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715274</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:40:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715274</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="792" sha1="7upi23fl221qftp0zomt8fnltfawl67" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาพม่า ==

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{bor|my|pi|သီဟဠ}}

=== การออกเสียง ===
* {{my-IPA|သီဟို}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{my-proper noun}}

# {{tcl|my|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854|t=ศรีลังกา|t2=ซีลอน}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|my|သီရိလင်္ကာ}}
* {{l|my|စီလုံ}}

==== ลูกคำ ====
{{col3|my
|သီဟိုဠ်စေ့
|သီဟိုဠ်သရက်
|သီဟိုဠ်သရက်စေ့
}}

==== คำสืบทอด ====
* {{desc|shn|ႀီႇႁူဝ်ႇ|သီႇႁူဝ်ႇ|bor=1}}

=== อ้างอิง ===
* {{R:my:MED}}

{{c|my|Nicknames for countries|Sri Lanka}}</text>
      <sha1>7upi23fl221qftp0zomt8fnltfawl67</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ශ්‍රී ලංකාව</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2326702</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715275</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:41:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด</comment>
      <origin>5715275</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="421" sha1="i53fao8psn26wp7q07sg4ff84a2u778" xml:space="preserve">== ภาษาสิงหล ==
{{wp|si:}}

=== รากศัพท์ ===
จาก{{der|si|sa|[[श्री]] [[लङ्का]]|lit=เกาะศักดิ์สิทธิ์}}

=== คำวิสามานยนาม ===
{{head|si|คำวิสามานยนาม}}

# {{tcl|si|ศรีลังกา|id=Q854}}

==== คำพ้องความ ====
* {{l|si|ශ්‍රී ලංකා}}</text>
      <sha1>i53fao8psn26wp7q07sg4ff84a2u778</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาสิงหลที่รับมาจากภาษาสันสกฤต</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326703</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715276</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:42:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715276</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์ภาษาสิงหลที่ยืมมาจากภาษาสันสกฤต</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2326704</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715278</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T06:43:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Octahedron80</username>
        <id>267</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ</comment>
      <origin>5715278</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" sha1="eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx" xml:space="preserve">{{auto cat}}</text>
      <sha1>eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>คุยกับผู้ใช้:โสฬส หาญมานพ</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>2326705</id>
    <revision>
      <id>5715294</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-08T08:58:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>New user message</username>
        <id>2698</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>เพิ่ม[[Template:Welcome|สารต้อนรับ]]ในหน้าคุยของผู้ใช้ใหม่</comment>
      <origin>5715294</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="240" sha1="4gfbtv5r5u5n0ynggveq7ulc9qzsbf8" xml:space="preserve">{{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=โสฬส หาญมานพ}}

-- [[ผู้ใช้:New user message|New user message]] ([[คุยกับผู้ใช้:New user message|คุย]]) 15:58, 8 เมษายน 2569 (+07)</text>
      <sha1>4gfbtv5r5u5n0ynggveq7ulc9qzsbf8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>