Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 10591 40677 40384 2025-06-23T08:23:56Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke ranotse tsebe e 40677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Institute for Poverty for Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) / Institute of Development Studies, Cape Town, South Africa|access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref> Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale. Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe. Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo. [ Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo. Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.[ Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba. Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist|30em}} * E bolokilwe kwa [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/GxgYljL6ns4 Ghostarchive] le kwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20101222041851/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxgYljL6ns4 Motšhineng wa Wayback]:{{Cite web|last=[[CPGB-ML]]|title=Zimbabwe Speaks – Interview with the minister of land reform in Zimbabwe|publisher=YouTube|date=20 December 2010|access-date=7 February 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxgYljL6ns4}} <cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCPGB-ML2010">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxgYljL6ns4 " Zimbabwe e a Bua – Puisano le tona ya pusetso ya lefatshe kwa Zimbabwe "] .</cite> <cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCPGB-ML2010">Yutube <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></cite> <cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCPGB-ML2010"><span class="reference-accessdate">E bonwe ka <span class="nowrap">7 Tlhakole</span> 2011</span> .</cite> * * * * * jtat0px0tjjstxjx8dxgz7ppyz80qwh 40678 40677 2025-06-23T08:30:18Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke ranotse tsebe e #AWC2025 40678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Institute for Poverty for Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) / Institute of Development Studies, Cape Town, South Africa|access-date=15 March 2025}}</ref> Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale. Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe. Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo. [ Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo. Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.[ Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba. Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist|30em}} * E bolokilwe kwa [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/GxgYljL6ns4 Ghostarchive] le kwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20101222041851/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxgYljL6ns4 Motšhineng wa Wayback]:{{Cite web|last=[[CPGB-ML]]|title=Zimbabwe Speaks – Interview with the minister of land reform in Zimbabwe|publisher=YouTube|date=20 December 2010|access-date=7 February 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxgYljL6ns4}} <cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCPGB-ML2010">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxgYljL6ns4 " Zimbabwe e a Bua – Puisano le tona ya pusetso ya lefatshe kwa Zimbabwe "] .</cite> <cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCPGB-ML2010">Yutube <span class="reference-accessdate">.</span></cite> <cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCPGB-ML2010"><span class="reference-accessdate">E bonwe ka <span class="nowrap">7 Tlhakole</span> 2011</span> .</cite> * * * * * h9o2f6cpip0n1ejpcqqtcc6cwcokrjp 40679 40678 2025-06-23T08:43:31Z Olgatladi2020 10646 i added references 40679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale. Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe. Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo. [ Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo. Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.[ Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba. Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == cxwkoqsgk372kt512rsh6x8j6gq37z7 40682 40679 2025-06-23T08:58:00Z Olgatladi2020 10646 i added references 40682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale.<ref>SADC newsletter:[http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php][http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php Eddie Cross interview, see Q2]</ref> Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe. Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo. [ Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo. Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.[ Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba. Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == a33hpstkf5z9sogb26647js77w7jdvq 40683 40682 2025-06-23T09:07:04Z Olgatladi2020 10646 40683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale.<ref>SADC newsletter:[http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php][http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php Eddie Cross interview, see Q2] 19 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|wayback machine]]</ref> Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe. Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo. [ Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo. Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.[ Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba. Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == 8lxs89zbtgfe0e6qo2pqe8t9u4yhbih 40685 40683 2025-06-23T09:20:00Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse dikitso #AWC2025 40685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale.<ref>SADC newsletter:[http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php][http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php Eddie Cross interview, see Q2] 19 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|wayback machine]]</ref> Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe.<ref>Stiff, Peter (June 2000). ''Cry Zimbabwe: Independence – Twenty Years On''. Johannesburg: Galago Publishing. ISBN <bdi>978-1919854021</bdi>.</ref> Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo. [ Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo. Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.[ Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba. Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == gn8ea0url34o79l1wasj97w98vfldf3 40686 40685 2025-06-23T09:31:33Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse dikitso #AWC2025 40686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale.<ref>SADC newsletter:[http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php][http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php Eddie Cross interview, see Q2] 19 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|wayback machine]]</ref> Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe.<ref>Stiff, Peter (June 2000). ''Cry Zimbabwe: Independence – Twenty Years On''. Johannesburg: Galago Publishing. ISBN <bdi>978-1919854021</bdi>.</ref> Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150114214750/http://www.undg.org/docs/12123/Zimbabwe-Country-Analysis-2010-Report_05-09-11.pdf Zimbabwe Country Analysis]</ref> Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2002/03/08/fast-track-land-reform-zimbabwe Fast track land reform in Zimbabwe]Hrw.org. 8 March 2002. Retrieved 20 November 2012.</ref> Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000. Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba. Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == 6xz4ct3l2hk5jp06z7lr4m1a32od17v 40690 40686 2025-06-23T09:47:54Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke ranotse #AWC2025 40690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale.<ref>SADC newsletter:[http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php][http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php Eddie Cross interview, see Q2] 19 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|wayback machine]]</ref> Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe.<ref>Stiff, Peter (June 2000). ''Cry Zimbabwe: Independence – Twenty Years On''. Johannesburg: Galago Publishing. ISBN <bdi>978-1919854021</bdi>.</ref> Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150114214750/http://www.undg.org/docs/12123/Zimbabwe-Country-Analysis-2010-Report_05-09-11.pdf Zimbabwe Country Analysis]</ref> Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2002/03/08/fast-track-land-reform-zimbabwe Fast track land reform in Zimbabwe]Hrw.org. 8 March 2002. Retrieved 20 November 2012.</ref> Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.<ref>Richardson, Craig J. (2004). ''The Collapse of Zimbabwe in the Wake of the 2000–2003 Land Reforms''. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-7734-6366-0</bdi>.</ref> <ref>[https://nation.africa/kenya/news/africa/Zimbabwe-will-not-return-land-white-farmers-Emmerson-Mnangagwa-/1066-4299558-f7il3p/index.html Zimbabwe won't return land to white farmers:Mnangangwa] ''Daily Nation''. Nairobi, Kenya. Agence France-Presse. 10 February 2018. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018.</ref>Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba. Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == sfe9gqihlb5n1wplwftzh8tfjpt7zs8 40692 40690 2025-06-23T09:51:08Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse dikitso #AWC2025 40692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale.<ref>SADC newsletter:[http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php][http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php Eddie Cross interview, see Q2] 19 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|wayback machine]]</ref> Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe.<ref>Stiff, Peter (June 2000). ''Cry Zimbabwe: Independence – Twenty Years On''. Johannesburg: Galago Publishing. ISBN <bdi>978-1919854021</bdi>.</ref> Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150114214750/http://www.undg.org/docs/12123/Zimbabwe-Country-Analysis-2010-Report_05-09-11.pdf Zimbabwe Country Analysis]</ref> Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2002/03/08/fast-track-land-reform-zimbabwe Fast track land reform in Zimbabwe]Hrw.org. 8 March 2002. Retrieved 20 November 2012.</ref> Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.<ref>Richardson, Craig J. (2004). ''The Collapse of Zimbabwe in the Wake of the 2000–2003 Land Reforms''. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-7734-6366-0</bdi>.</ref> <ref>[https://nation.africa/kenya/news/africa/Zimbabwe-will-not-return-land-white-farmers-Emmerson-Mnangagwa-/1066-4299558-f7il3p/index.html Zimbabwe won't return land to white farmers:Mnangangwa] ''Daily Nation''. Nairobi, Kenya. Agence France-Presse. 10 February 2018. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018.</ref>Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba.<ref>Dancaescu, Nick (2003). "Note: Land reform in Zimbabwe". ''Florida Journal of International Law''. '''15''': 615–644.</ref> Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri. Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == p2p1zk7c38rs39c1yebh8j6rt706ibw 40693 40692 2025-06-23T09:57:42Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse dikitso #AWC2025 40693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale.<ref>SADC newsletter:[http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php][http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php Eddie Cross interview, see Q2] 19 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|wayback machine]]</ref> Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe.<ref>Stiff, Peter (June 2000). ''Cry Zimbabwe: Independence – Twenty Years On''. Johannesburg: Galago Publishing. ISBN <bdi>978-1919854021</bdi>.</ref> Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150114214750/http://www.undg.org/docs/12123/Zimbabwe-Country-Analysis-2010-Report_05-09-11.pdf Zimbabwe Country Analysis]</ref> Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2002/03/08/fast-track-land-reform-zimbabwe Fast track land reform in Zimbabwe]Hrw.org. 8 March 2002. Retrieved 20 November 2012.</ref> Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.<ref>Richardson, Craig J. (2004). ''The Collapse of Zimbabwe in the Wake of the 2000–2003 Land Reforms''. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-7734-6366-0</bdi>.</ref> <ref>[https://nation.africa/kenya/news/africa/Zimbabwe-will-not-return-land-white-farmers-Emmerson-Mnangagwa-/1066-4299558-f7il3p/index.html Zimbabwe won't return land to white farmers:Mnangangwa] ''Daily Nation''. Nairobi, Kenya. Agence France-Presse. 10 February 2018. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018.</ref>Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba.<ref>Dancaescu, Nick (2003). "Note: Land reform in Zimbabwe". ''Florida Journal of International Law''. '''15''': 615–644.</ref> Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri.<ref>Chingono, Nyasha (19 November 2019). "The bitter poverty of child sugarcane workers in Zimbabwe". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 November 2019.</ref> Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. Lemorago Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == fcqsnt5b0f5bwjogqhkerg8ilc7ke59 40694 40693 2025-06-23T09:59:53Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke ranotse #AWC2025 40694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphetogotsa lefatshe kwa [[Zimbabwe]]''' e simolotse semmuso ka 1980 ka go saeniwa ga Tumalano ya Lancaster House, jaaka lenaneo la go kgaoganya gape lefatshe la temothuo go tswa mo bathong ba basweu ba Zimbabwe go ya kwa bathong ba bantsho ba Zimbabwe jaaka maiteko a puso ya ZANU-PF go neela bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba Aforika taolo e e oketsegileng ya lefatshe la masimo a naga. Pele ga go tsenngwa tirisong ga dipholisi tse, kabo ya lefatshe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Rhodesia ka nako eo, e ne ya bona baagi ba basweu ba le 4,400 ba Rhodesia ba na le 51% ya lefatshe la naga, fa batho ba bantsho ba le dimilione di le 4.3 ba Rhodesia ba ne ba na le 42%, mme le le setseng e ne e se la temothuo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Redistributive Land Reform and Poverty Reduction in Zimbabwe|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|website=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08ae4ed915d622C000985/60332_Zimbabwe_Land_Reform.pdf|first=Nelson|last=Marongwe|date=1 January 2011|publisher=}}</ref>. Go sa tsamaisaneng ga kabo eno, mmogo le taolo e e akaretsang ya baagi ba basweu mo nageng e e sa tswang go ikemela mme e sa itsiwe ya Rhodesia e ne ya gwetlhiwa ke mekgatlho ya bosetšhaba ya bantsho ya ZANU le ZAPU mo Ntweng ya Rhodesia Bush . Ka go tlhongwa ga puso ya segompieno ya Zimbabwe ka 1980 morago ga ntwa ya sekgwa, Tumalano ya Lancaster House e ne e na le molawana o o neng o iletsa go fetisiwa ga lefatshe ka dikgoka, se se ne sa dira gore go nne le diphetogo mo kgaoganyong ya lefatshe go tswa mo thekisong e e ikemetseng kgotsa go fetisiwa ke beng go nna tse di nnye go fitlha ka 2000, fa puso ya ga ga Robert Mugabe e ne e simolola pholisi e e bogale.<ref>SADC newsletter:[http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php][http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0000015/index.php Eddie Cross interview, see Q2] 19 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|wayback machine]]</ref> Leano la puso la go fetola tsamaiso ya lefatshe e ka tswa e le kgang ya sepolotiki e e nang le dikganetsano tse dintsi e e amang Zimbabwe. E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka le go tshosetsa tse di neng tsa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba tseelwe dithoto tsa bone, mmogo le go phutlhama ga dibanka tsa selegae tse di neng di tshotse dibilione tsa diranta tsa dibonto mo meagong e e neng e rekisitswe.<ref>Stiff, Peter (June 2000). ''Cry Zimbabwe: Independence – Twenty Years On''. Johannesburg: Galago Publishing. ISBN <bdi>978-1919854021</bdi>.</ref> Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng di lemogile makoa a le mmalwa a botlhokwa ka lenaneo la segompieno, e leng go palelwa ke go duela beng ba lefatshe ba ba lelekilweng jaaka go kopilwe ke Southern African Development Community (SADC), go sa tsamaisane sentle le dikgotlhang tsa melelwane, le tlhaelo e e sa foleng ya didiriswa le badiri ba ba tlhokegang go dira gore go nne le bonno gape ka thulaganyo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150114214750/http://www.undg.org/docs/12123/Zimbabwe-Country-Analysis-2010-Report_05-09-11.pdf Zimbabwe Country Analysis]</ref> Beng ba dipolase ba le mmalwa le badiri ba dipolase ba le bantsi ba bolailwe ka nako ya dikgoka tse di setlhogo.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/report/2002/03/08/fast-track-land-reform-zimbabwe Fast track land reform in Zimbabwe]Hrw.org. 8 March 2002. Retrieved 20 November 2012.</ref> Tokafatso ya lefatshe e nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe thata mo ikonoming ya Zimbabwe mme go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe se segolo mo go phutlhama ga yone ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000.<ref>Richardson, Craig J. (2004). ''The Collapse of Zimbabwe in the Wake of the 2000–2003 Land Reforms''. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN <bdi>978-0-7734-6366-0</bdi>.</ref> <ref>[https://nation.africa/kenya/news/africa/Zimbabwe-will-not-return-land-white-farmers-Emmerson-Mnangagwa-/1066-4299558-f7il3p/index.html Zimbabwe won't return land to white farmers:Mnangangwa] ''Daily Nation''. Nairobi, Kenya. Agence France-Presse. 10 February 2018. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018.</ref>Go nnile le phokotsego ya ntshokuno ya polase e e fentseng e e isitseng kwa maemong a tlala le leuba.<ref>Dancaescu, Nick (2003). "Note: Land reform in Zimbabwe". ''Florida Journal of International Law''. '''15''': 615–644.</ref> Go oketsega ga maemo a lehuma go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga ditiro tsa temothuo mo balemiruing ba ba amogetseng lefatshe le le abilweng gape go dirile gore go dirisiwe thata badiri ba bana segolo thata mo go lemeng mmidi wa sukiri.<ref>Chingono, Nyasha (19 November 2019). "The bitter poverty of child sugarcane workers in Zimbabwe". ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 November 2019.</ref> Go tloga ka 2011, malapa a le 237,858 a Zimbabwe a ne a tlamelwa ka lefatshe ka lenaneo. Palogotlhe ya diheketara di le 10,816,886 e rekilwe fa e sale ka 2000, fa go bapisiwa le di le 3,498,444 tse di rekilweng go tswa go barekisi ba ba ithaopileng magareng ga 1980 le 1998.[1] Ka 2013, polase nngwe le nngwe e e neng e le ya basweu kwa Zimbabwe e ne e setse e amogilwe kgotsa e tlhomamisitswe gore e tla abiwa gape mo nakong e e tlang. Go gapeletswa go reka lefatshe la temothuo kwa ntle ga tuelo go ne ga emisiwa kwa tshimologong ya 2018.[ Ka 2019, Commercial Farmers Union e boletse fa balemirui ba basweu ba ba neng ba amogilwe lefatshe ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la fast track ba dumetse go amogela mpho ya pusetso ya nakwana ke puso ya Zimbabwe ya R53 million (US$17 million) jaaka karolo ya maiteko a puso go duela balemirui ba ba amogilweng lefatshe. Ngwaga morago ga moo, puso ya Zimbabwe e ne ya itsise gore e tla duela balemi ba basweu ba ba amogilweng lefatshe la bona ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafaratlhatlha mo lefatsheng mme e ne ya ikana go duela diranta di le dibilione di le 3,5. Dipuisano tsa pusetso di tsweletse ka 2024 jaaka karolo ya maiteko a karolo ya puso ya Zimbabwe go rulaganya sekoloto sa yona le baditlamo, segolobogolo African Development Bank. == Lemorago == Motheo wa kgotlhang e e sa utlwaleng ya lefatshe mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe e ne ya tlhongwa kwa tshimologong ya go nna ga Yuropa mo kgaolong, e e neng e le lefelo la motsamao wa batho ba le bantsi ke batho ba Banthu ba ba farologaneng. Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, babatlisisi ba Bapotokisi ba ne ba leka go bula Zimbabwe ka mabaka a kgwebo, mme naga e ne ya se ka ya nna ya tlhomamisiwa ke bafaladi ba Yuropa go fitlha dingwaga di le makgolo a mararo morago ga moo. Bogosi jwa ntlha jo bogolo jwa Zimbabwe e ne e le jwa Rozwi, jo bo tlhomilweng mo ngwagakgolong wa bolesome le bongwe. Dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi morago ga moo, puso ya bogosi jwa Rozwi e ne ya simolola go thubega mme bogosi jwa wela mo diatleng tsa batho ba Karanga, morafe o montšhwa mo kgaolong e e simolotseng kwa bokone jwa Noka ya Zambezi. Ka bobedi batho ba ba ne ba tla go bopa motheo wa tlhabologo ya Shona, mmogo le Zezuru kwa bogareng jwa Zimbabwe, Korekore kwa bokone, Manyika kwa botlhaba, Ndau kwa borwabotlhaba, le Kalanga kwa borwabophirima. 16] Bontsi jwa ditso tsa Ba-Shona ba ne ba na le maikutlo a go nna le lefatshe; kgopolo ya kwa morago ya kwa Yuropa ya go nna le dithoto e ne e sa utlwale. [ 17] Lefatshe le ne le tsewa jaaka thoto ya botlhe ba ba nnang mo bogosing jo bo rileng, mme kgosi e ne e le motsereganyi wa dikgotlhang le dikgang tse di amanang le tiriso ya lone. [ 17] Le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi ditlhogo tsa malapa tsa banna di ne di ipolokela ditsebe tsa tsone gore di leme, mme di ne di abela basadi ba bone ditsebe tse dinnye. Koketsego ya palo ya batho gantsi e ne e dira gore go dirisiwe lefatshe le le leng teng go feta selekanyo, le le neng la fokotsega thata mo go lemeng le mo go fulang ka ntlha ya palo e kgolo ya batho ba ba lekang go abelana lefelo le le tshwanang. [ 17] Mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, Ba-Shona ba ne ba fenngwa ke Ba-Ndebele ba Bokone (ba ba itsegeng gape jaaka Ba-Matabele), ba ba simolotseng thulaganyo ya go dira lefatshe la Zimbabwe thoto. Le fa ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba MaNdebele ba ne ba sa kgatlhegele go lema, go nna mong wa lefatshe go ne go tsewa e le motswedi o mogolo wa khumo le maatla a motho - tse dingwe e le dikgomo le makgoba. Dikgosi tsa MaNdebele di ne tsa ikhumisetsa lefatshe le le ntsi. 16] == Ditshupiso == nm5t9l9eur4jupclaalccxuapp2ofx5 0 10612 40687 40667 2025-06-23T09:33:47Z 165.165.110.31 40687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Stacey Ready to do a book reading for children of the Stacey Fru Foundation.jpg|thumb|Stacey Fru]] '''Stacey Fru''' o tshotswe ka 2007 kwa [[Gauteng]]. Ke mokwadi wa bana wa [[Aforika Borwa]], mofetoladilo mo polotiking, motshwaramaano le sebui sa setshaba.<ref name=":0">https://staceyfru.co.za/about/</ref> O itsege jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo [[Aforika]] yo o gatisitsweng, a gatisitse buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats ka 2015 pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi. Gape ke sebui se se nang le bokgoni sa go rotloetsa le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bana, segolo thata ka thuto, pabalesego ya bana, le go lwantsha go dirisiwa ga bana le go gweba ka bona mo Afrika Borwa le go feta.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.giraffe.org/stacey-fru </ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Stacey Fru ke ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le bane. O ne a kwala buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats mo sephiring pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi, e leng se se neng sa dira gore a tsewe jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo Aforika yo o gatisitsweng ke Independent Online.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya bokwaledi == Stacey Fru o itsege thata ibile dibuka tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di na le dikgaolo tse di kgatlhang di rekwa thata. Ditiro tsa gagwe tse di tumileng di akaretsa Smelly Cats (2015), Bob and the Snake, Tim's Answer (2019), le Smelly Cats on Vacation. Buka ya gagwe ya Tim's Answer e e ne ya gatisiwa ka nako e le nngwe ka mokwalo o o dirisiwang ke batlhokapono le ka tekanyetso ya botegeniki ya dibuka tsa mogala tsa dijithale, makwalodikgang, le dikwalo tse di dirwang ka khompiutara, go rotloetsa gore babuisi ba ba sa boneng ba kgone go e bala.<ref name=":0" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le 11, o ne a setse a gatisitse dibuka di le dintsi mme a tlhotlheletsa babuisi ba le bantsi ba babotlana mo Aforika le kwa ntle ga yone.<ref>https://www.goodthingsguy.com/people/stacey-fru-author/</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> kdvo2vim82yw6izb54tujmxc85yvvh8 40697 40687 2025-06-23T11:31:44Z 165.165.110.31 40697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Stacey Ready to do a book reading for children of the Stacey Fru Foundation.jpg|thumb|Stacey Fru]] '''Stacey Fru''' o tshotswe ka 2007 kwa [[Gauteng]]. Ke mokwadi wa bana wa [[Aforika Borwa]], mofetoladilo mo polotiking, motshwaramaano le sebui sa setshaba.<ref name=":0">https://staceyfru.co.za/about/</ref> O itsege jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo [[Aforika]] yo o gatisitsweng, a gatisitse buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats ka 2015 pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi. Gape ke sebui se se nang le bokgoni sa go rotloetsa le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bana, segolo thata ka thuto, pabalesego ya bana, le go lwantsha go dirisiwa ga bana le go gweba ka bona mo Afrika Borwa le go feta.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.giraffe.org/stacey-fru </ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Stacey Fru ke ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le bane. O ne a kwala buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats mo sephiring pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi, e leng se se neng sa dira gore a tsewe jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo Aforika yo o gatisitsweng ke Independent Online.<ref name=":1" /> {{Short description|South African writer}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox writer | name = Stacey Fru | image = Stacey's recognition.jpg | caption = Fru in 2024 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2007|2|16|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Johannesburg]], South Africa | genre = [[Children's literature]] | years_active = 2015– | website={{url|www.staceyfru.co.za}} | occupation = Author }} == Tiro ya bokwaledi == Stacey Fru o itsege thata ibile dibuka tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di na le dikgaolo tse di kgatlhang di rekwa thata. Ditiro tsa gagwe tse di tumileng di akaretsa Smelly Cats (2015), Bob and the Snake, Tim's Answer (2019), le Smelly Cats on Vacation. Buka ya gagwe ya Tim's Answer e e ne ya gatisiwa ka nako e le nngwe ka mokwalo o o dirisiwang ke batlhokapono le ka tekanyetso ya botegeniki ya dibuka tsa mogala tsa dijithale, makwalodikgang, le dikwalo tse di dirwang ka khompiutara, go rotloetsa gore babuisi ba ba sa boneng ba kgone go e bala.<ref name=":0" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le 11, o ne a setse a gatisitse dibuka di le dintsi mme a tlhotlheletsa babuisi ba le bantsi ba babotlana mo Aforika le kwa ntle ga yone.<ref>https://www.goodthingsguy.com/people/stacey-fru-author/</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> tgrvy46naa36oipx1sfet666x27zxbf 40698 40697 2025-06-23T11:34:20Z 165.165.110.31 40698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Stacey Ready to do a book reading for children of the Stacey Fru Foundation.jpg|thumb|Stacey Fru {| class="wikitable" | | colspan="2" | |- ! !Born |16 February 2007 (age 18)Johannesburg, South Africa |- ! !Occupation |Author |- ! !Genre |Children's literature |- ! !Years active |2015– |- ! ! colspan="2" |Website |- | | colspan="2" |www.staceyfru.co.za |} ]] '''Stacey Fru''' o tshotswe ka 2007 kwa [[Gauteng]]. Ke mokwadi wa bana wa [[Aforika Borwa]], mofetoladilo mo polotiking, motshwaramaano le sebui sa setshaba.<ref name=":0">https://staceyfru.co.za/about/</ref> O itsege jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo [[Aforika]] yo o gatisitsweng, a gatisitse buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats ka 2015 pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi. Gape ke sebui se se nang le bokgoni sa go rotloetsa le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bana, segolo thata ka thuto, pabalesego ya bana, le go lwantsha go dirisiwa ga bana le go gweba ka bona mo Afrika Borwa le go feta.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.giraffe.org/stacey-fru </ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Stacey Fru ke ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le bane. O ne a kwala buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats mo sephiring pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi, e leng se se neng sa dira gore a tsewe jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo Aforika yo o gatisitsweng ke Independent Online.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya bokwaledi == Stacey Fru o itsege thata ibile dibuka tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di na le dikgaolo tse di kgatlhang di rekwa thata. Ditiro tsa gagwe tse di tumileng di akaretsa Smelly Cats (2015), Bob and the Snake, Tim's Answer (2019), le Smelly Cats on Vacation. Buka ya gagwe ya Tim's Answer e e ne ya gatisiwa ka nako e le nngwe ka mokwalo o o dirisiwang ke batlhokapono le ka tekanyetso ya botegeniki ya dibuka tsa mogala tsa dijithale, makwalodikgang, le dikwalo tse di dirwang ka khompiutara, go rotloetsa gore babuisi ba ba sa boneng ba kgone go e bala.<ref name=":0" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le 11, o ne a setse a gatisitse dibuka di le dintsi mme a tlhotlheletsa babuisi ba le bantsi ba babotlana mo Aforika le kwa ntle ga yone.<ref>https://www.goodthingsguy.com/people/stacey-fru-author/</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> nexl9hdwvf5tarrhjzzrptpctnxe77i 40699 40698 2025-06-23T11:41:51Z 165.165.110.31 40699 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Stacey Ready to do a book reading for children of the Stacey Fru Foundation.jpg|thumb|Stacey Fru {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="7" | | colspan="2" |'''Stacey Fru''' |- !Tshotswe |16 Tlhakole 2007 Gauteng, Aforika Borwa |- !Tiro |Mokwadi |- !Mofuta |Dibuka tsa bana |- !Ngwaga ya tshimologo ya tiro |2015 |- ! colspan="2" |Webosaete |- | colspan="2" |www.staceyfru.co.za |} ]] '''Stacey Fru''' o tshotswe ka 16 Tlhakole 2007 kwa [[Gauteng]]. Ke mokwadi wa bana wa [[Aforika Borwa]], mofetoladilo mo polotiking, motshwaramaano le sebui sa setshaba.<ref name=":0">https://staceyfru.co.za/about/</ref> O itsege jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo [[Aforika]] yo o gatisitsweng, a gatisitse buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats ka 2015 pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi. Gape ke sebui se se nang le bokgoni sa go rotloetsa le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bana, segolo thata ka thuto, pabalesego ya bana, le go lwantsha go dirisiwa ga bana le go gweba ka bona mo Afrika Borwa le go feta.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.giraffe.org/stacey-fru </ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Stacey Fru ke ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le bane. O ne a kwala buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats mo sephiring pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi, e leng se se neng sa dira gore a tsewe jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo Aforika yo o gatisitsweng ke Independent Online.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya bokwaledi == Stacey Fru o itsege thata ibile dibuka tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di na le dikgaolo tse di kgatlhang di rekwa thata. Ditiro tsa gagwe tse di tumileng di akaretsa Smelly Cats (2015), Bob and the Snake, Tim's Answer (2019), le Smelly Cats on Vacation. Buka ya gagwe ya Tim's Answer e e ne ya gatisiwa ka nako e le nngwe ka mokwalo o o dirisiwang ke batlhokapono le ka tekanyetso ya botegeniki ya dibuka tsa mogala tsa dijithale, makwalodikgang, le dikwalo tse di dirwang ka khompiutara, go rotloetsa gore babuisi ba ba sa boneng ba kgone go e bala.<ref name=":0" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le 11, o ne a setse a gatisitse dibuka di le dintsi mme a tlhotlheletsa babuisi ba le bantsi ba babotlana mo Aforika le kwa ntle ga yone.<ref>https://www.goodthingsguy.com/people/stacey-fru-author/</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> gigfx9lzep36t0clu2kaxcylrli34u1 40700 40699 2025-06-23T11:42:14Z 165.165.110.31 40700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Stacey Ready to do a book reading for children of the Stacey Fru Foundation.jpg|thumb| {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="7" | | colspan="2" |'''Stacey Fru''' |- !Tshotswe |16 Tlhakole 2007 Gauteng, Aforika Borwa |- !Tiro |Mokwadi |- !Mofuta |Dibuka tsa bana |- !Ngwaga ya tshimologo ya tiro |2015 |- ! colspan="2" |Webosaete |- | colspan="2" |www.staceyfru.co.za |} ]] '''Stacey Fru''' o tshotswe ka 16 Tlhakole 2007 kwa [[Gauteng]]. Ke mokwadi wa bana wa [[Aforika Borwa]], mofetoladilo mo polotiking, motshwaramaano le sebui sa setshaba.<ref name=":0">https://staceyfru.co.za/about/</ref> O itsege jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo [[Aforika]] yo o gatisitsweng, a gatisitse buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats ka 2015 pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi. Gape ke sebui se se nang le bokgoni sa go rotloetsa le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bana, segolo thata ka thuto, pabalesego ya bana, le go lwantsha go dirisiwa ga bana le go gweba ka bona mo Afrika Borwa le go feta.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.giraffe.org/stacey-fru </ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Stacey Fru ke ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le bane. O ne a kwala buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats mo sephiring pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi, e leng se se neng sa dira gore a tsewe jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo Aforika yo o gatisitsweng ke Independent Online.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya bokwaledi == Stacey Fru o itsege thata ibile dibuka tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di na le dikgaolo tse di kgatlhang di rekwa thata. Ditiro tsa gagwe tse di tumileng di akaretsa Smelly Cats (2015), Bob and the Snake, Tim's Answer (2019), le Smelly Cats on Vacation. Buka ya gagwe ya Tim's Answer e e ne ya gatisiwa ka nako e le nngwe ka mokwalo o o dirisiwang ke batlhokapono le ka tekanyetso ya botegeniki ya dibuka tsa mogala tsa dijithale, makwalodikgang, le dikwalo tse di dirwang ka khompiutara, go rotloetsa gore babuisi ba ba sa boneng ba kgone go e bala.<ref name=":0" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le 11, o ne a setse a gatisitse dibuka di le dintsi mme a tlhotlheletsa babuisi ba le bantsi ba babotlana mo Aforika le kwa ntle ga yone.<ref>https://www.goodthingsguy.com/people/stacey-fru-author/</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> 16qef2kj9mhjckid76bhz9kb5dz0pb3 40702 40700 2025-06-23T11:51:22Z 165.165.110.31 40702 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Stacey Ready to do a book reading for children of the Stacey Fru Foundation.jpg|thumb| {| class="wikitable" | rowspan="7" | | colspan="2" |'''Stacey Fru''' |- !Tshotswe |16 Tlhakole 2007 Gauteng, Aforika Borwa |- !Tiro |Mokwadi |- !Mofuta |Dibuka tsa bana |- !Ngwaga ya tshimologo ya tiro |2015 |- ! colspan="2" |Webosaete |- | colspan="2" |www.staceyfru.co.za |} ]] '''Stacey Fru''' o tshotswe ka 16 Tlhakole 2007 kwa [[Gauteng]]. Ke mokwadi wa bana wa [[Aforika Borwa]], mofetoladilo mo polotiking, motshwaramaano le sebui sa setshaba.<ref name=":0">https://staceyfru.co.za/about/</ref> O itsege jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo [[Aforika]] yo o gatisitsweng, a gatisitse buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats ka 2015 pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi. Gape ke sebui se se nang le bokgoni sa go rotloetsa le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bana, segolo thata ka thuto, pabalesego ya bana, le go lwantsha go dirisiwa ga bana le go gweba ka bona mo Afrika Borwa le go feta.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.giraffe.org/stacey-fru </ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Stacey Fru ke ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le bane. O ne a kwala buka ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Smelly Cats mo sephiring pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la botsalo la borobedi, e leng se se neng sa dira gore a tsewe jaaka mokwadi yo monnye mo Aforika yo o gatisitsweng ke Independent Online.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya bokwaledi == Stacey Fru o itsege thata ibile dibuka tsa gagwe tse di itsegeng di na le dikgaolo tse di kgatlhang di rekwa thata. Ditiro tsa gagwe tse di tumileng di akaretsa Smelly Cats (2015), Bob and the Snake, Tim's Answer (2019), le Smelly Cats on Vacation. Buka ya gagwe ya Tim's Answer e e ne ya gatisiwa ka nako e le nngwe ka mokwalo o o dirisiwang ke batlhokapono le ka tekanyetso ya botegeniki ya dibuka tsa mogala tsa dijithale, makwalodikgang, le dikwalo tse di dirwang ka khompiutara, go rotloetsa gore babuisi ba ba sa boneng ba kgone go e bala.<ref name=":0" /> Fa a le dingwaga di le 11, o ne a setse a gatisitse dibuka di le dintsi mme a tlhotlheletsa babuisi ba le bantsi ba babotlana mo Aforika le kwa ntle ga yone.<ref>https://www.goodthingsguy.com/people/stacey-fru-author/</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Category:Bakwadi ba kwa Gauteng]] [[Category:Bakwadi ba Aforika Borwa]] [[Category:Bakwadi ba basadi mo Aforika Borwa]] [[Category: Mokwadi Stacey]] [[Category:Bakwadi ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase mo Aforika Borwa]] 71wchcqp9mak9s4n7liodw27dlcxt2w 0 10661 40680 40657 2025-06-23T08:46:08Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Ditso tsa bokgoba, le metswedi ya yone 40680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa bokgoba''' di paraletse dingwao, mafatshe le ditumelo go tswa goo lowe go tsena gompieno. Ka mo go tshwanang, batswasetlhabelo ba jone ba tswa kwa merafeng le ditumelo tse di farologaneng. Maemo a makgoba a setho, itsholelo le tsa semolao a farologane mo mfaratlhatlheng a a garologaneng a bokgoba, mo dinakong tse di farologaneng le mafelo.<ref>Klein, Herbert S.; III, Ben Vinson (2007). ''African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean'' (2nd ed.). New York [etc.]: Oxford University Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0195189421|978-0195189421]]</bdi>.</ref> Bokgoba bo fitlhetswe mo merafeng ya batsumi-bakgobokanyi, e le bokgoba jo ba bo jang boswa,<ref>Hunt, Peter (2015). "Slavery". ''The Cambridge World History: Volume 4: A World with States, Empires and Networks 1200 BCE–900 CE''. '''4''': 76–100. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-world-history/slavery/DAC9CCCA6D9A5370C6492C6C4E5EA87D 10.1017/CBO9781139059251.006]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781139059251|9781139059251]]</bdi>. <q>Somewhat more convincing are statistical surveys of large numbers of societies that show that slavery is rare among hunter-gatherers, is sometimes present in incipient agricultural societies, and then becomes common among societies with more advanced agriculture. Up to this point slavery seems to increase with increasing social and economic complexity.</q></ref><ref>Smith, Eric Alden; Hill, Kim; Marlowe, Frank; Nolin, David; Wiessner, Polly; Gurven, Michael; Bowles, Samuel; Mulder, Monique Borgerhoff; Hertz, Tom; Bell, Adrian (February 2010). "[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2999363/ Wealth Transmission and Inequality Among Hunter-Gatherers]". ''Current Anthropology''. '''51''' (1): 19–34. doi:1[https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/648530 0.1086/648530]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0011-3204 0011-3204]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]] [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2999363/ 2999363]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21151711/ 21151711]. <q>Summary characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies in the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCSS). [...] Social stratification [: ...] Hereditary slavery 24% [...].</q></ref> mme seemo sa temothuo se se oketsegang go ya ka setho le itsholelo se oketsa bokgoba jwa dithoto.<ref name=":0">Hunt, Peter (2015). "Slavery". ''The Cambridge World History: Volume 4: A World with States, Empires and Networks 1200 BCE–900 CE''. '''4''': 76–100. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-world-history/slavery/DAC9CCCA6D9A5370C6492C6C4E5EA87D 10.1017/CBO9781139059251.006.] [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781139059251|9781139059251]]</bdi>. <q>Slavery was a widespread institution in the ancient world (1200 BCE – 900 CE). Slaves could be found in simpler societies, but more important and better known was the existence of slavery in most advanced states. Indeed, it is hard to find any ancient civilizations in which some slavery did not exist. Slave use was sometimes extensive.</q></ref> Bokgoba bo ne jwa tlhomiwa ka nako e tlhabololo ya ntha e neng e simolola (jaaka Sumer kwa Mesopotamia<ref>Tetlow, Elisabeth Meier (2004). "Sumer". [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=ONkJ_Rj1SS8C&redir_esc=y ''Women, Crime and Punishment in Ancient Law and Society: Volume 1: The Ancient Near East''.] Women, Crime, and Punishment in Ancient Law and Society. Vol. 1. New York: A&C Black. p. 7. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780826416285|9780826416285]]</bdi>. Retrieved 23 June 2025. <q>In Sumer, as in most ancient societies, the institution of slavery existed as an integral part of the social and economic structure. Sumer was not, however, a slavery based economy.</q></ref>, e e tswang kwa bogologolong jwa ngwaga ya 3500 pele ga ga Keresete.) Bokgoba bo a tlhagelela mo dikwalong tsa molao tsa kwa Babylon (pele ga ngwaga ya 1750), tse di bo supang e le tiragalo e e tlhomamisitsweng.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110514033802/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM Mesopotamia: The Code of Hammurabi]". Archived from [https://public.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM the original] on 14 May 2011. <q>e.g. Prologue, "the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves" Code of Laws No. 307, "If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man".</q></ref> Bokgoba bo ne jwa anama mo lefatsheng le legologolo kwa Europe, Asia, botlhaba legare, le [[Aferika|Aforika]],<ref name=":1">Stilwell, Sean (2013), "Slavery in African History", ''Slavery and Slaving in African History'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 38, [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/slavery-and-slaving-in-african-history/slavery-in-african-history/13784B27AE241E7705D4974746AF4A51 10.1017/cbo9781139034999.003], [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-139-03499-9|978-1-139-03499-9]]</bdi>, <q>For most Africans between 10000 BCE to 500 CE, the use of slaves was not an optimal political or economic strategy. But in some places, Africans came to see the value of slavery. In the large parts of the continent where Africans lived in relatively decentralized and small-scale communities, some big men used slavery to grab power to get around broader governing ideas about reciprocity and kinship, but were still bound by those ideas to some degree. In other parts of the continent early political centralization and commercialization led to expanded use use of slaves as soldiers, officials, and workers.</q></ref><ref name=":2">Perbi, Akosua Adoma (2004). ''A History of Indigenous Slavery in Ghana : from the 15th to the 19th century''. Legon, Accra, Ghana: Sub-Saharan Publishers. p. 15. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789988550325|9789988550325]]</bdi>. <q>It is to the Neolithic period of Ghana's history that one must look for the earliest evidence of slavery. Technological advancement and dependence on agriculture created a need for labor. The available evidence indicates that around the 1st century AD farming was done by individual households consisting of blood relations, pawns, and slaves. The earliest evidence of slavery is, therefore, likely to be found in the field of agriculture." and "The retention of captives taken in battle was a recognized practice among every people before the beginning of written history. The ancient records of the Assyrians, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Hebrews, Persians, Indians and Chinese are all full of references to slaves and types of labor for which they were usually employed. With the Greeks and the Romans, the institution of slavery reached new heights.</q></ref><ref name=":0" /> le kwa [[USA|America]].<ref>Gallay, Alan (2016). "Indian Slavery". ''The Oxford Handbook of Slavery in the Americas''. Oxford University Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780198758815|9780198758815]]</bdi>. <q>Slavery existed among the indigenous peoples of the Americas before the European arrival. Its character varied from place to place. In societies that practiced human sacrifice, slaves were captured from enemies for ritualistic purposes. This occurred, for instance, among the Aztecs in Mexico and the Indians of the Pacific Northwest. More commonly, native peoples captured enemies to procure slave laborers for agricultural production and public works projects, particularly in Central and South America. Captivity, however, was not the only rationale for enslavement.</q></ref> Bokgoba bo ne jwa nna le kwelo tlase kwa Europe ka dingwaga tsa legare mme jwa tswelela bo ntse bo diragadiwa mo mafelong mangwe. Barekeresete le ma Muslim ba ne ba tshwara ba bo ba dia ba bangwe makgoba ka dingwaga tsa dintwa kwa Mediterranean le kwa Europe.<ref>Salzmann, Ariel (2013). "[https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/4/3/391 Migrants in Chains: On the Enslavement of Muslims in Renaissance and Enlightenment Europe]". ''Religions''. '''4''' (3): 391–411. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/4/3/391 10.3390/rel4030391]. <q>Between the Renaissance and the French Revolution, hundreds of thousands of Muslim men and women from the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean were forcibly transported to Western Europe.</q></ref>Bokgoba jwa Islam bo ne bo akaretsa Asia kwa bophirima le legare,bokone le botlhaba jwa Aforika, India le Europe go tswa ka dingwaga tse di makgolo a supa go tsena a le masome mabedi. Molao wa Islam o ne o letlelela bokgoba jwa batho ba eseng ba tumelo ya Muslim, makgoba a ne a rekisiwa go tswa kwa mafelong a eseng a Muslim: go tswa bokone ka kgwebo ya makgoba ya Balkan le ya Crimean; go tswa botlhaba ka kgwebo ya bokgoba ya Bukhara; go tswa bophirima ka kgwebo ya makgoba ya Andalusian; le go tswa borwa ka [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya go kgabaganya Sahara]], [[Kgwebo ya makgoba go kgabaganya lewatle le lehibidu]], le [[kgwebo ya makgoba go kgabaganya lewatle la Indian]]. Ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tse di makgolo a le lesome le borataro, barekisi ba kwa Europe, ba simolola ka ba ba tswang Portugal, ba ne ba simolola [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]]. Bagwebi ba le palo potlana ba ne ba tsenelela kwa teng, ba leka go tila malwetsi a bongola le borukutlhi. Ba ne ba reka ma Aforika ba magolegwa go tswa kwa magosing a bophirima jwa Aforika, ba ba isa kwa dikoloneng tsa Europe ka America. Bagwebi e ne e le metswedi ya dithoto tse di batlegang diakaretsa ditlhobolo, marumo, kopore, madi le matsela, go batla dithoto mo go ne ga baka dintwa le tse dingwe tse di neng di baka go dirwa makgba ga batho ba Aforika ka dipalo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>Thomas, Hugh (2006). ''The slave trade : the history of the Atlantic slave trade, 1440-1870'' (New ed.). London: Phoenix. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0753820568|978-0753820568]]</bdi>.</ref> Kwa India le lefatshe ka bophara, batho ba ne ba patelediwa go nna makgoba go re go nne le babereki. Bokgoba jwa kwa Atlantic bo ne jwa fokodiwa morago ga dipuso tsa Europe le America di fetisa molao o o iletsang go nna le seabe ga mafatshe a bone mo bokgobeng. Maiteko a go netefatsa kiletso ya bokgoba a ne a akaretsa [[Lekalana la sesole la Aforika Bophirima|lekalana la sesole la Aforika bophirima]] le la America la go disa kgwebo ya makgoba ya Aforika, go fedisiwa ga bokgoba kwa America, le go anama ga go laola Aforika ga mafatshe a Europe. Mo dinakong tsa gompieno, thekiso ya batho ke bothata bo bo teng. Bokgoba mo dingwageng tsa gompieno bo a tswelela ebile bo dira dipoelo di ka nna dibilione di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano a di dolara ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref name=":3">Hodal, Kate (31 May 2016). "[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/feb/25/modern-slavery-trafficking-persons-one-in-200 One in 200 people is a slave. Why?"]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''.</ref> Batho kwa dikgaolong tsa dintwa tsa sesole ga ba a sireletsega, dikoloi tsa sešha di dira gore thekiso ya batho e nne motlhofo.<ref>"[https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/findings/global-findings/ 10 countries with the highest prevalence of modern slavery]". ''Global Slavery Index''. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2019, go ne go na le batho ba ka nna didkadike di le masome a mane mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso ba ba neng ba kopana le bokgoba jwa mohuta mongwe, masome a mane le botlhano mo lekgolong la bone ele bana.<ref name=":3" /> Didikadike di le masome a mabedi le bone ba patelediwa go bereka, gantsi mo mohameng o o ikemetseng; didikadike di le lesome le botlhano ba mo manyalong a a pateleditsweng.<ref name=":3" /> Mefuta ya bokgoba e akaretsa, bokgoba jwa mo lwapeng, bokgoba jo bo patelediwang mo go direng dilo, go tshwara ditlhapi, moepo, kago le bokgoba jwa tlhakanelo dikobo.<ref name=":3" /> == Bokgoba jwa bogologolo le jwa sesha == Bosupi jwa bokgoba bo sale bo nna teng pele ga dipego tse di kwadilweng; tiragalo e e nnile mo dingwaong tse di farologaneng<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070223090720/https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 Historical survey: Slave-owning societies]". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Archived from [https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 the original] on 23 February 2007.</ref><ref name=":2" /> ebile bo kgona go bonwa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse di lesome le motso tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya diemo tse di dirilweng ke go tokafadiwa ga temothuo ka tlhabololo ya ntlha<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/topic/slavery-sociology Slavery]". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 12 April 2024.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />. Go ya godimo ga itsholelo le go ntsifala ga batho ene e le dingwe diemo tse di neng di dira gore bokgoba jwa batho ba bantsi bo kgonagale.<ref>Compare: Ericson, David F. (2000). "[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=zuzKxZ9xXLoC&redir_esc=y Dew, Fitzhugh, and Proslavery Liberalism]".''The Debate Over Slavery: Antislavery and Proslavery Liberalism in Antebellum America''.New York: New York University Press. p. 109. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780814722121|9780814722121]]</bdi>. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref>Compare: : [https://www.britannica.com/topic/slavery-sociology Slavery.]''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 12 April 2024</ref> Bokgoba bo diragetse mo ditlhabololong di akaretsa [[Egypt]] o mosha, [[China]] o mosha, bogosi jwa Akkadian, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, Israel o mosha,<ref>John Byron, ''Slavery Metaphors in Early Judaism and Pauline Christianity: A Traditio-historical and Exegetical Examination'', Mohr Siebeck, 2003, [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/3161480791|3161480791]], p. 40</ref><ref>Roland De Vaux, John McHugh, ''Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1997, [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/080284278X|080284278X]], p. 80</ref><ref>J.M. Roberts, ''The New Penguin History of the World'', pp. 176–77, 223</ref>Greece o mosha, India o mosha, bogosi jwa Roma, magosi a Islam a ma Arabea, Nubia, Aksum, magosi a pele a borwa jwa Aforika, le ditlhabologo tsa Columbia.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156 Historical survey > Slave-owning societies]". ''Encyclopædia Britannica.''</ref> Bokgoba jo bosha bo akaretsa go tlhakana ga bokgoba jwa sekoloto, go otlhaelwa borukutlhi, magolegwa a ntwa, go latlhiwa ga bana, le bana ba ba tsholetsweng mo bokgobeng.<ref>"Demography, Geography and the Sources of Roman Slaves," by W.V. Harris: ''The Journal of Roman Studies'', 1999.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Mummy soles with the images of two foreign captives (332 BCE–395) - Museo Egizio - (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Mabitla a kwa Egypt a bogologoloa supa magolegwa a batswakwa a le mabedi, wa mo Syria mo molemeng le wa Nubia mo mojeng, gareng ga dingwaga tsa 332 pel ga ga Kereset le 395.]] == Aforika == [[Setshwantsho:African slave trade.png|thumb|Mmepe wa Aforika wa ditsela, mafatshe, le magosi a kgwebo ya makgoba, ka dingwaga tse di makgolo a le lesome le boraro]] Moitseanape wa ditso Fernand Braudel wa kwa France, fa a kwala ka ngwaga wa 1984, o ne a supa gore bokgoba bo sale bo nna teng mo Aforika ebile e le bontlha jwa botshelo jwa malatsi otlhe jwa mo gae mo dingwageng di le makgolo a le lesome le botlhano go tsna di le makgolo a le lesome le boferabobedi. "Bokgoba bo tsile ka ditsela tse di farologaneng mo ditšhabeng tse di farologaneng: go ne go na le makgoba a ntlo ya tshekelo, makgoba a a mo sesoleng, makgoba a mo gae le a mo matlong, makgoba a a berekang kwa masimong, kwa madirelong, jaaka ba ba isang dithoto le ba ba fa gare, le ba e leng bagwebi.<ref>[[:en:Fernand_Braudel|Braudel, Fernand]] (26 September 1984). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=n8yMAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century: The perspective of the world]''. Vol. 3. [[:en:Harper_(publisher)#Harper_and_Row|Harper & Row]]. p. 435. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0060153175|978-0060153175]]</bdi>.</ref> Ka dingwaga di le makgolo a le lesome le borataro, Europe e ne ya simolola go kgapela kwa ntle lefatshe la ma Arabea mo kgwebong, ba rekisetsa makgoba a a tswang kwa Aforika batho ba America.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100523120301/http://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histContextsD.htm NPS Ethnography: African American Heritage & Ethnography]". ''www.nps.gov''. Archived from [https://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histcontextsd.htm the original] on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Batho ba lotso lwa Dutch, ba ne ba reka makgoba go tswa kwa Asia go tsena mo koloneng ya bone kwa Kapa ya Good Hope (kwa jaanong e leng Cape Town) ka dingwaga di le makgolo a le lesome le bosupa.<ref>"[https://sahistory.org.za/article/early-cape-slave-trade The Early Cape Slave Trade | South African History Online]". ''www.sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1807, lefatshe la Britain (le le neng le setse le na le lotshitshi lo lonnye, lo lo neng lo dirisediwa go fudutshiwa ga makgoba a pele, kwa Freetown, [[Sierra Leone]]) o ne a dira kgwebo ya makgoba mo bogosing jwa gagwe gore bo seka jwa nna ka fa molaong ka molao wa 1807 wa kgwebo ya makgoba, ba bereka go kganela atolosetsa kwa mafelong a mangwe,<ref>Grindal, Peter (2016). ''Opposing the Slavers. The Royal Navy's Campaign against the Atlantic Slave Trade'' (Kindle ed.). London: I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-938-4|978-0-85773-938-4]]</bdi>.</ref> jaaka kwa [[USA|United States]] ka ngwaga wa 1808.<ref>"[https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=002/llsl002.db&recNum=0463 A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875 Statutes at Large, 9th Congress, 2nd Session]", ''The Library of Congress'', retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Kwa Senegambia, ka dingwaga tsa 1300 go tsena ka 1900, bongwe mo borarong jwa morafe bo ne bo dirilwe makgoba. Kwa dikgaolong tsa Islam tsa kwa bophirima jwa Sudan, le kwa Ghana (go tswa ka 750 go tsena ka 1076), Mali (ka 1235 go tsena ka 1645), Segou (go tswa 1712 go tsena ka 1861) le Songhai (go tswa ka 1275 go tsena ka 1591, boraro jwa batho e ne e le makgoba. Bokgoba kwa [[Ethiopia]] bo tsweletse go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1942. Lekgotla le le kgatlhanong le bokgoba le ne la akanyetsa fa makgoba a ne a le didikadike tse pedi ka dingwaga tsa 1930 di simologa, mo bathong ba le didikadike diferabobedi go tsena ka di le lesome le borataro.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20110515192003/http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/cbss/Miers.pdf Twentieth Century Solutions of the Abolition of Slavery]" (PDF). Archived from [https://www.yale.edu/glc/events/cbss/Miers.pdf the original] (PDF) on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Bo ne jwa fedisiwa ka taolo ya ga Haile Selassie ka Phatwe a le masome a mabedi le borataro ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>Goitom, Hanibal (14 February 2012). "[https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2012/02/abolition-of-slavery-in-ethiopia/ Abolition of Slavery in Ethiopia]". ''On Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress''. Library of Congress. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Fa molao wa Britain o simololwa kwa Sokoto Caliphate le mafelo a a mabapi kwa bokone jwa [[Nigeria]] ka dingwaga di le makgolo a masome a mabedi, batho ba le didikadike tse pedi le tse pedi le botlhano ba ne ba dirilwe makgoba.<ref>[https://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/journal_of_world_history/v007/7.1blue02.html Slow Death for Slavery: The Course of Abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897–1936 (review)], Project MUSE – Journal of World History</ref> Bokgoba kwa bokone jwa Nigeria bo ne jwa ntshiwa mo molaong ka ngwaga wa 1936.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page56.shtml The end of slavery], BBC World Service | The Story of Africa</ref> Mmega dikgang wa kwa Congo, Elikia M'bokolo fa a kwala ka bogolo jwa bokgoba mo Aforika o ne a kwala are: " Lefatshe la Aforika le ne le tseetswe didirisiwa tsa lone ka ditsela tsotlhe. Mo Sahara, go feta ka lewatle le lehibidu, go tswa kwa matshitshing a Indian le Atlantic. Dingwaga di le makdolo a le masome tsa bokgoba go atswa mafatshe a Muslim. O tswelela are: "didikadike di le nne tsa makgoba ba ne ba isiwa kwa lewatleng le lehibigu, ba bangwe e bone ba le didikadike tse nne ka matshitshi a Swahili kwa nokeng ya Indian, gongwe ba ka nna didikadike di ferabongwe kwa tseleng ya borwa jwa Aforika, ba le didkadike di le lesome le motso go tsena ka masome a mabedi (go tswa mo mokwading) ba kgabaganya lewatle la Atlantic.<ref>"[https://mondediplo.com/1998/04/02africa The impact of the slave trade on Africa]". Mondediplo.com. 22 March 1998. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Slaves Zadib Yemen 13th century BNF Paris.jpg|left|thumb|Marekisetso a dingwaga di le makgolo a le lesome le boraro kwa Yemen]] === Borwa jwa Aforika === [[Setshwantsho:Arabslavers.jpg|thumb|Kolotsana ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya ma Arabea, e isa makgoba a Aforika go kgabaganya sekaka sa Sahara ]] Zanzibar ekile ya bo e le maemelo a dikepe a matona mo thekisong ya makgoba, ka nako ya kgwebo ya makgoba ya lewatle la Indian le ka fa tlase ga puso ya ma Arabea a Omani ka dingwaga di le makgolo a le lesome le boferabongwe, ka makgoba a le dikete di le masome a matlhano a feta ka toropo eo ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20071206102932/http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast]". .nationalgeographic.com. 17 October 2002. Archived from [http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html the original] on 6 December 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Pele ga dingwaga tse di makgolo a le lesome le borataro, bontsi jwa makgoba a a neng a tswa kwa Aforika a ne a tswa kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika go ya Arabian Peninsula. Zanzibar o ne a nna maemelo a dikepe a a eteletseng pele mo kgwebong e.<ref>Vernet, Thomas (2009). ''Slave trade and slavery on the Swahili Coast (1500-1700)''. archieves.ouvertes.fr. pp. 37–76.</ref> Bagwebi ba ma Arabea ba ne ba farologana le ba Europe ka ba ne ba tle ba dire ditlhaselo ka bo bone, nako tse dingwe ba tsenelela kgakala mo Aforika. Ba ne ba farologana gape ka gore marekisets a bone a ne a itlhophela makgoba a basadi go na le a banna.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427121842/https://blogs.uw.edu/ses9/hstcmp-358-spring-2015/body-for-trade/traditional-gender-roles-and-slavery/ Traditional Gender Roles and Slavery | Colonialism, Slavery, and Race"]. Archived from [https://blogs.uw.edu/ses9/hstcmp-358-spring-2015/body-for-trade/traditional-gender-roles-and-slavery/ the original] on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Go oketsega ga baba ba kwa Europe mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa botlhaba go ne ga dira gore bagwebi ba ma Arabea ba itebaganye le ditsela tsa di caravan go kgabaganya sekaka sa Sahara le Sahel go ya bokone jwa Aforika. Motlhatlhami wa kwa Germany Gustav Naxchtigal o ne a bega fa a bone dikolotsana tsa di caravan tsa makgoba di tswa kwa Kukawa kwa Bornu di ya kwa Tripoli le Egypt ka ngwaga wa 1870. Kgwebo ya makgoba e ne e emetse motswedi wa thekiso wa kgaolo ya Bornu ka dingwaga tsa 1898. Dikgaolo tse di kwa botlhaba jwa Central African Republic ga di ise ke di tlhole di siamelwa morago ga ditlamorago tsa ditlhaselo tsa dingwaga tsa makgolo a le lesome le boferabongwe go tswa Sudan, mme ebile ba santse ba na le palo e potlana ya batho ya motho a le mongwe mo bophareng jwa khilomithara.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/place/Central-African-Republic Central African Republic: Early history]". ''Britannica.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa 1870, maiteko a mafatshe a Europe kgatlhanong le kgwebo ya makgoba a ne a baka seemo se se sa iketlang sa itsholelo kwa bokone jwa Sudan, se oketsa koketsego ya masole a ntwa ya Mahdist. Phenyo ya Madhi e ne ya baka lefatshe la Islam, le le neng la simolodisa bokgoba gape.<ref>"[https://www.american.edu/ted/ice/sudan.htm Civil War in the Sudan: Resources or Religion?]". American.edu. Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref><ref>Moore-Harell, Alice (1998). "Slave Trade in the Sudan in the Nineteenth Century and Its Suppression in the Years 1877–80". ''Middle Eastern Studies''. '''34''' (2): 113–28 [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263209808701225 10.1080/00263209808701225]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283940 4283940].</ref> Seabe sa Europe mo kgwebong ya makgoba ya kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika se simolotse fa lefatse la Portugal le simolola Estado da India ka dingwaga tsa makgolo a le lesome le borataro di simolola. Go tswa ka nako eo go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa 1830, batho ba ka nna makgolo mabedi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba ntshiwa kwa Mozambique wa ma Potokisi ngwaga le ngwaga mme dipalo tse di tshwanang di akanyeditswe tsa batho ba e neng e le makgoba ba tswa kwa Asia go ya Philippines ka kopano ya Iberia.<ref>Allen, R. B. (2017). "[https://www.scielo.br/j/tem/a/yt3jzJWHggDttGr9qkGMJqL/?format=pdf&lang=en Ending the history of silence: reconstructing European slave trading in the Indian Ocean]" (PDF). ''Tempo''. '''23''' (2): 294–313. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.scielo.br/j/tem/a/yt3jzJWHggDttGr9qkGMJqL/?lang=en 10.1590/tem-1980-542x2017v230206]. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref>Copied content from [[:en:Indian_Ocean|Indian Ocean]]; see that page's history for attribution.</ref> Go kgabaganya ga batho ba Atlantic go ya America, mo go neng ga itshokelwa ke makgoba ba beilwe ka ditselana mo mabeelong a dikepe, e ne e le yone ntlha e le nngwe ya kgwebo ya boraro e e itsegeng, e dirwa ke ma Potokisi, ma America, ma Dutch le ba Danish-Nowergian,<ref>"[https://www.norgeshistorie.no/enevelde/1214-nordmennene-har-aldri-vaert-alene-i-verden.html Nordmennene har aldri vært alene i verden (in Norwegian)"]. .norgeshistorie.no (published by the University of Oslo). 17 October 2002. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> ba kwa France, Britain le ba bangwe. Dikepe tse di neng di gorosa makgoba kwa maemelong a Carribean di ne di tsaya sukiri, matsela, kofi di ya kwa Liverpool, Nantes, Lisbon kgotsa Amsterdam. Dikepe tse di neng di tswa kwa maemelong a Europe go ya bophirma jwa Aforika di ne di tsaya matsela, mangwe a tswa India, dintshwana tsa kopore, dijana le dipitsa, tsa tshipi tse di nang le tlhwatlhwa go gaisa gouta, dihutshe, marumo, le ditlhoblo le bojalwa. Diboko tsa bongola di ne di emisitswe kwa metsing a a tsididi a Atlantic, mme gongwe le gongwe kwa go neng go folosiwa, dipoelo di ne di diriwa. Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic e ne ya ya kwa gdimo ka dingwaga di e makgolo a le lesome le boferabobedi di ya fifing, kwa palo e ntsi ya batho ba neng ba tshwarwa ba dirwa makgoba mo ditirong tsa go tlhasela go tsena ka bophirima jwa Aforika. Ditlhaselo tse di ne di dirwa ke dikgaolo tsa Aforika di tshwana le: Bono, Bogosi jwa Oyo (Yoruba), Bogosi jwa Kong, Bogosi jwa Benin, Imamate of Futa Jallon, Imamate of Futa Toro, Bogosi jwa Koya, bogosi jwa Khasso, Bogosi jwa Kaabu, bokopano jwa Fante, bokopano jwa batho ba Ashanti, bokopano jwa Aro le bogosi jwa Dahomey.<ref>Peterson, Derek R.; Gavua, Kodzo; Rassool, Ciraj (2 March 2015). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Om12BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA122&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The Politics of Heritage in Africa]''. Cambridge University Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-09485-7|978-1-107-09485-7]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>"[https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-transatlantic-slave-trade The Transatlantic Slave Trade]". Metmuseum.org. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Batho ba Europe go ne go sa tlwaelesega gore ba tsene kwa teng ga Aforika, ka ntlha ya go tshaba malwetsi le go nna dingalo ga batho ba Aforika. Makgba a ne a tsisiwa kwa maemelong a dikepe kwa ba neng ba rekiwa ka dithoto. Batho ba ba neng ba tshwarwa ba ne ba isiwa ke bagwebi ba Europe kwa dikoloneng tse disha tsa lefatshe le lesha. Go akanyediwa gore mo dingwageng tse di makgolo, didikadike di le lesome le bobedi go stena ka masome a mabedi a makgoba a ne a tswa kwa Aforika ka bagwebi ba kwa Europe, ba lesome le botlhano mo lekgolong ba bone ba tlhokafetseng mo mosepeleng o o makgwakgwa. Bontsi bo ne bo isiwa kwa America, mme bangwe ba ne ba ya gape kwa Europe le borwa jwa Aforika. [[Setshwantsho:Slaves ruvuma.jpg|thumb|Bagwebi ba makgoba ba ma Arabea le makgoba a bone mo nokeng ya Ruvuma (kwa e leng Tanzania le Mozambique gompieno) setshwantsho ka David Livingstone]] Fa a bua ka kgwebo ya makgoba kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika mo dikwalong tsa gagwe, David Livingstone o ne are: Go tlhofofatsa bosula jwa bone, ga go kgonagale.<ref>''[[iarchive:lastjournalsdav03livigoog|The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death: Continued by a Narrative of His Last Moments and Sufferings, Obtained from His Faithful Servants, Chuma and Susi]]''. Cambridge University Press. 1875. p. [[iarchive:lastjournalsdav03livigoog/page/352/mode/1up|352]]. Retrieved 23 jUNE 2025. <q>To overdraw its evils is a simple impossibility.</q></ref> Fa a tsamaya mo mawatleng a magolo a Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1866, David Livingstone o ne a tlhalosa tsela ya makgoba jaana: Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome le boferabongwe ngwaga wa 1866 - re ne ra feta mosadi a bofeletswe ka molala mo setlhareng ebile a tlhokafetse, batho ba lefatshe leo ba ne ba tlhalosa gore o ne a retelelwa ke go tsamaya le makgoba a mangwe, mme mong wa gagwe o ne a tsaya thwetso ya gore ga a tshwanela go nna thoto ya ga ope fa a fola. Ka Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le borataro - re fitile mosadi wa lekgoba a thuntshitswe kgotsa a tlhabiwe a le fafatshe mo tseleng: setlhopha sa banna se ne se eme dikgato di ka nna lekgolo mo tseleng e nngwe, se sengwe mo go e nngwe, ba lebeletse; ba ne ba re mo Arabea o o fetileng mo mosong o dirie jalo ka tenego, ka latlhegelwa ke tlhwatlhwa e a neng a mo e ntsheditse, ka o ne a sa tlhole a kgona go tsamaya. Ka Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le bosupa - gompieno, re kopane le monna a tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya tlala, ka o ne a le mosesane thata. Mongwe wa banna ba rona o ne a tsamaya mme a bona makgoba a le mantsi ba tshotse dithupa, ba latlhilwe ke beng ba bone ka ba ne ba batla dijo; ba ne ba le bokoa thata go ka bua kgotsa go bolela gore ba tswa kae; bangwe ba ne ba le ba botlana thata.<ref>''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=boicxwpPeAkC&q=We+passed+a+slave+woman+shot+or+stabbed+through+the+body+and+lying+on+the+path&pg=PA62&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=We%20passed%20a%20slave%20woman%20shot%20or%20stabbed%20through%20the%20body%20and%20lying%20on%20the%20path&f=false The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death: Continued by a Narrative of His Last Moments and Sufferings, Obtained From His Faithful Servants, Chuma and Susi]''. Cambridge University Press. 15 September 2011. pp. 56, 62. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781108032612|9781108032612]]</bdi>. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Bolwetsi bo bo makatsang thata bo ke boneng mo lefatsheng le go lebega e le go phatloga pelo, bo tlhasela banna ba ba gololesegileng ba ba tshwerweng ba dirwa makgoba...ba le masome a mabedi le bongwe ba ne ba sa golegiwa. Le fa go ntse jalo botlhe ba ne ba taboga ka nako e le nngwe; ba le borobabobedi ba sa ntse ba golegilwe ka dikeetane, ba ne ba tlhokafaa mo malatsing a le mararo morago ga go kgabaganya. Ba ne ba tlhalosa botlhoko jwa bone bo le mo pelong, ba baya seatla mo lefelong leo, le ntswa bontsi bo akanya gore pelo e kwa godimo ga lerapo la lebele.<ref>''[[iarchive:lastjournalsdav03livigoog|The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death: Continued by a Narrative of His Last Moments and Sufferings, Obtained From His Faithful Servants, Chuma and Susi]]''. Cambridge University Press. 1875. p. [[iarchive:lastjournalsdav03livigoog/page/352/mode/1up|352]]. Retrieved 23 June 2025. <q>the strangest disease i have sen in this country is brokenheartedness.</q></ref> ==== Seabe sa Aforika mo kgwebong ya makgoba ==== [[Setshwantsho:Gezo King of Dahomey.jpg|thumb|Gezo, kgosi wa Dahomey]] Mafatshe a Aforika a ne a na le seabe se segolo mo kgwebong ya makgoba, ebile bokgoba bo ne bo tlwaelesegile mo mafatsheng a go kgabaganya Aforika, le pele ga ma Arabea, Berber le ma Europe ba tsaya karolo. Go ne go na le mefuta e le meraro: ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ka go gapiwa, mo boemong jwa dikoloto tse di sa duelwang, kgotsa ba batsadi ba bone ba neng ba ba neetse dikgosi tsa motse. Magosi a ne a neela batho ba Arab, Berber le Ottoman kgotsa Europe makgoba gore ba ba neele bojalwa, dinatetsha dijo, matsela kgotsa dithoto tse dingwe.<ref>Tunde Obadina. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120502172215/http://www.afbis.com/analysis/slave.htm Slave trade: a root of contemporary African Crisis]". Africa Business Information Services. Archived from [http://www.afbis.com/ the original] on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Go rekisa makgoba kgotsa magolegwa go ne go tlwaelesegile mo ma Aforikeng, Turk, Berber le ma Arabea a nako eo. Le fa go ntse jalo, fa kgwebo ya bokgoba ya kwa Atlantic e oketsega, mafaratlhatlha a mo gae a a neng a dira botlhanka le one a ne a oketsega. Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Europe, e ne e le yone phetogo e e botlhokwa mo sethong, itsholello, ngwao, tumelo le polotiki ya go gweba ka makgoba. Go ne ga nyenyafatsa itsholelo le go itshetlela ga sepolotiki ka baebereki ba tlhwatlhwa ba mo metseng ba ne ba isiwa go tlola mawatle fa ditlhaselo le dintwa tsa mogae di ne di tlwaelesega. Melato e pele e neng e otlhaiwa ka ditsela tse dingwe, e ne jaanong e otlhaiwa ka bokgoba.<ref>Graeber, David. 2012. Debt: The First 5,000 Years. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House.</ref> Bokgoba bo ne bo ntse bo le teng kwa bogosing jwa Kongo pele ga go goroga ga ma Potokisi. Ka bo ne bo tlwaelesegile mo bogosing jwa gagwe, Afonso wa ntlha wa Kongo o ne a dumela go kgwebo ya makgoba e tshwanetse go tsamaisiwa ka molao wa Kongso. Fa a ne a belaela ma Potokisi a amagela makgoba go se ka fa molaong go ba rekisia, o ne a kwalela kgosi wa Portugal Kgosi Joao wa boraro ka ngwaga wa 1526 lokwalo lo lo neng lo mo gwetlha go emisa seo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160117073626/http://run.edu.ng/media/11850929233241.pdf "African Political Ethics and the Slave Trade"] (PDF). Archived from [http://run.edu.ng/media/11850929233241.pdf the original] (PDF) on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Dikgosi tsa kwa Dahomey di ne di rekisa magolegwa a bone a ntwa mo bokgobeng jwa kwa Atlantic, ba ba ka bong ba ne ba bolawa mo moketeng o o neng o bidiwa Annual Customs. === Ma Aforika mo dikepeng === Go falola loeto, e ne e le yone kgwetlho e tona. Go nna gaufi thata go ne go raya gore mongwe le mongwe o ne a tsenwa ke bolwetsi bo bo neng bo anama, go akaretsa ba ba berekang mo sekepeng. Loso lo ne lo tlwaelesegile mo dikepe di neng di bidiwa mabitla a a kokobetseng.<ref name=":4">Smallwood, Stephanie E. ''Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora''. 1st Harvard University Press pbk. ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008.</ref> Se se neng se gakgamatsa ma Aforika thata ke ka fa loso lo neng lo tshwarwa ka teng mo dikepeng. Smallwood o supa gore ngwao ya loso ya Aforika e masisi ebile ke tiro ya morafe. Mo dikepeng, mebele e ne e latlhelwa mo lewatleng. Ka lewatle le ne le emeset mewa e e maswe, mebele e e mo lewatleng e ne e emela sebodu, sekepe se emela mofuta wa dihele. Ma Aforika a a neng a falola mosepele a ne tla bo a falotse malwetsi a a tseneletseng le tlala, ga mmogo le go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong ka go nna mo lewatleng le bulegile le loso lwa ditsala tsa bone.<ref name=":4" /> === Bokone jwa Aforika === [[Setshwantsho:Barconegrero.jpg|thumb|Sesupo sa sekepe sa makgoba se se neng se dirisiwa go isa makgoba kwa Europe le America]] Kwa Algiers ka nako ya bogosi jwa Regency of Algiers kwa bokone jwa Aforika ka dingwaga di lemakgolo a le lesome le boferabongwe, bakeresete le batho ba Europe ba le sedikadike le botlhano ba ne ba tshwarwa ba ba ba patelediwa go nna makgoba.<ref>Milton, Giles (8 June 2005). ''[[iarchive:whitegoldextraor00milt|White Gold: The Extraordinary Story of Thomas Pellow and Islam's One Million White Slaves]]'' (1st American ed.). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0374289355|978-0374289355]]</bdi>.</ref> Se se ne sa dira gore go thuntshiwe Algiers ka dibomo ka ngwaga wa 1816 ke ba Britain le ma Dutch,ba pateletsa batho ba Algiers go golola makgoba.<ref>Baepler, B. "White Slaves, African Masters 1st Edition." White Slaves, African Masters 1st Edition by Baepler. University of Chicago Press, n.d. Web. 7 January 2013. p. 5</ref> === Mo dinakong tsa sešha === [[Setshwantsho:Debarquement et maltraitement de prisonniers a alger.JPG|thumb|Makgoba a BaKeresete kwa Algiers, 1706]] Go rekisiwa ga bana go begilwe gantsi mo Nigeria o mošha le Benin. Mo dikgaolong tsa Ghana, lolwapa lo ne lo ka otlhaelwa olato ka go neela ngwana wa mosetsana o a ising a tlhakanele dikobo go nna lekgoba la tlhakanelo dikobo mo lolwapeng lo ba le tloletseng molato. Fa go ntse jaana, mosadi o ga a neelwe maemo a go nna mosadi. Mo dikgaolong tsa Ghana, [[Togo]] le [[Benin]], bokgoba jwa ntlo ya kobamelo bo tsweletse, le ntswa bo se ka fa molaong kwa Ghana fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1998. Mo mokgweng o wa botlhanka, o o bidiwang trokosi kwa Ghana kgotsa voodoosi kwa Togo le Benin, makgarejwana a neelwa badimo ba ngwao go nna makgoba, ba dirisiwe mo tlhakanelong dikobo ke baruti ga mmogo le go ba berekela. Tsebe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya Middle East Quarterly ya ngwaga wa 1999 e ne ya bega gore bokgoba bo fitlhelwa thata kwa [[Sudan]].<ref>"[https://www.meforum.org/article/449 My Career Redeeming Slaves]". MEQ. December 1999. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Dipalo kakanyetso tsa batho ba ba tshwerweng ka ntwa ya bobedi ya kwa Sudan di tswa kwa dikete di le lesome le bone go tsena ka dikete di le makgolo a mabedi.<ref>"[https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/af/rls/rpt/2002/10445.htm Slavery, Abduction and Forced Servitude in Sudan]". U.S. Department of State. 22 May 2002. Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref> Ka nako ya ntwa ya kwa Sudan ya bobedi, batho ba ne ba tsenngwa mo bokgobeng go tswa ka dikete di le lesome le bone go tsena ka dikete di le makgolo a mabedi.<ref>"[https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/af/rls/rpt/2002/10445.htm Slavery, Abduction and Forced Servitude in Sudan]". US Department of State. 22 May 2002. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Go tshwarwa ga basadi le bana ba morafe wa Dinka go ne go tlwaelesegile. Kwa [[Mauritania]] go belaelwa banna, basadi le bana ba ka nna dikete tse di makgolo marataro, kgotsa masome a mabedi bo lekgolong ele makgoba gompieno, bontsi jwa bone ba dirisiwa ditiro tse di bokete.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1458_abolition/page4.shtml The Abolition season on BBC World Service]". BBC. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Bokgoba kwa Mauritania bo ne jwa dirwa molato ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2007.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6938032.stm Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law]". ''BBC News''. 9 August 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Kwa ntwa ya Darfur e e simologileng ka ngwaga wa 2003, batho ba le bantsi ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka ke Janjaweed ba bo ba rekisiwa mo bokgobeng go dira ditiro tsa temothuo, batlhanka ba mo lwapeng le makgoba a tlhakanelo dikobo.<ref>Pflanz, Mike (16 December 2008). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sudan/3795607/Darfur-civilians-seized-as-slaves-by-Sudan-military.html "Darfur civilians 'seized as slaves by Sudan military']". [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/DG73E Archived] from the original on 11 January 2022 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190115024705/http://slaverytoday.org/darfur-abductions-sexual-slavery-forced-labour/ Darfur Abductions: Sexual Slavery and Forced Labour]". Archived from [https://slaverytoday.org/darfur-abductions-sexual-slavery-forced-labour/ the original] on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref>"'[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7786612.stm Thousands made slaves' in Darfur]". 17 December 2008 – via news.bbc.co.uk.</ref> Kwa Niger, bokgoba bo teng. Patlisiso ya kwa Nigeria e upulotse gore batho ba ka nna dikete tse di makgolo a ferabobedi ke makgoba, boferabobedi mo lekgolong la palo ya batho ba koo.<ref>"[https://abcnews.go.com/International/Story?id=813618&page=1 The Shackles of Slavery in Niger]". ABC News. 3 June 2005. Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref><ref>Andersson, Hilary (11 February 2005). "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4250709.stm Born to be a slave in Niger]". ''BBC News''. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1357_slavery_today/page3.shtml Slavery Today]". ''BBC News''. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Niger e ne ya diragatsa molao o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba ka ngwaga wa 2003. <ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13943662 Niger Profile]". ''BBC News''. 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref><ref>"[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/feature Niger: Slavery – an unbroken chain]," ''IRIN'', March 2005 (accessed 23 June 2025)</ref> Bokgoba jwa tlhakanelo dikobo le go patelediwa go bereka go tlwaelesegile kwa Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>Kelly, Annie (19 January 2016). "[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jan/19/children-as-young-as-seven-mining-cobalt-for-use-in-smartphones-says-amnesty Children as young as seven mining cobalt used in smartphones, says Amnesty"]. ''The Guardian'' – via www.theguardian.com.</ref><ref>Kelly, Annie (23 July 2014). "[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/23/sexual-slavery-democratic-republic-congo-msf Sexual slavery rife in Democratic Republic of the Congo, says MSF"]. ''The Guardian'' – via www.theguardian.com.</ref><ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2015/243418.htm "Congo, Democratic Republic of the]". ''U.S. Department of State''.</ref> Batho ba merafe ya batho ba ba khutshwane kwa Republic of Congo le [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ba nna makgoba a Bantu go tswa fela ba belegwa.<ref>Thomas, Katie (12 March 2007). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090228160138/http://newsobserver.com/110/story/552528.html Congo's Pygmies live as slaves]". ''The News & Observer''. Archived from [https://www.newsobserver.com/110/story/552528.html the original] on 28 February 2009.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/16/world/as-the-world-intrudes-pygmies-feel-endangered.html As the World Intrudes, Pygmies Feel Endangered], New York Times</ref> Bosupi jwa gore bokgoba kwa dipolasing tsa cacao kwa bophirima jwa Aforika bo ne bo le teng, bo upolotswe kwa ngwaga wa 1990.<ref>5 Minutes 10 Minutes. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613155944/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20855855-28737,00.html West is master of slave trade guil]t". The Australian. Archived from [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20855855-28737,00.html the original] on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Go ya ka lephata la tsa mafatshe a sele la puso ya United States, bana ba feta dikete di le lekgolo le boferabongwe ba ne ba bereka ele makgoba kwa dipolasing tsa cacao kwa [[Ivory Coast]], e le pereko ya bana e e matlhotlhapelo ka ngwaga wa 2002.<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61565.htm U.S. Department of State Country Reports on Human Rights Practices], 2005 [[:en:Human_rights|Human Rights]] Report on Côte d'Ivoire</ref> Ka bosigo jwa Moranang a le lesome le bone go tsena lesome le botlhano, setlhopha sa ditsuulodi se ne sa tlhasela sekolo sa puso sa basetsana kwa Chibok, Nigeria. Ba ne ba tsenelela mo sekolong, ba itshupa fa ele badisa,<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing "88 Nigerian schoolgirls abducted by Islamic extremists still missing]". [[:en:The_Guardian|''The Guardian''.]] Associated Press. 19 April 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> ba bolelela basetsana go tsamaya le bone.<ref>Maclean, Ruth (17 April 2014) [https://www.thetimes.com/uk/defence/article/nigerian-schoolgirls-still-missing-after-military-fabricated-rescue-pmbl90ls2hj Nigerian schoolgirls still missing after military 'fabricated' rescue] The Times, (may need a subscription to view online), Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref> Palo e ntsi ya baithuti e ne ya tsewa ka diteraka, go ya kwa dikgweng tsa Konduga le Sambisa kwa Boko Haram e neng e itsewe e na le dikampa teng.<ref>Maclean, Ruth (17 April 2014) [https://www.thetimes.com/uk/defence/article/nigerian-schoolgirls-still-missing-after-military-fabricated-rescue-pmbl90ls2hj Nigerian schoolgirls still missing after military 'fabricated' rescue] The Times, (may need a subscription to view online), Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref> Matlo kwa Chibok a ne a fisiwa ka nako ya tiragalo e. Go ya ka mapodisi, bana ba ka nna makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borataro ba ne ba tsewa ka tlhaselo e, ba le masome a matlhano le boraro ba iphalotsa ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mabedi. Dipego tse dingwe si supa fa basetsana ba le makgolo a mararo, masome a mabedi le boferabongwe ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka, ba le masome a matlhano le boraro ba iphaloditse fa ba le makgolo a mabedi masome a supa le borataro ba santse ba sa bonwe. Baithuti ba ne ba patelediwa go fetogela kwa tumelong ya Islam le go nyala maloko a Boko haram, ka tlhwatlhwa ya dikete tse pedi tsa madi a Nigeria kgotsa lesome le bobedi, le botlhano jwa di dolara tsa America. Botsi jwa baithuti ba ne ba isiwa kwa maftsheng a a mabapi a Chad le Cameroon, go supiwa fa ba bonwe ba kgabaganya molelwane, le kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa kwa e leng botshabelo jwa Boko Haram.<ref>Heaton, Laura (30 April 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10797454/Nigeria-kidnapped-schoolgirls-sold-as-wives-to-Islamist-fighters.html "Nigeria: kidnapped schoolgirls 'sold as wives to Islamist fighters']". ''The Daily Telegraph''. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/wOs0b Archived] from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> === Kgwebo ya makgoba kwa Lybia === Ka nako ya ntwa ya bobedi kwa Lybia, batho ba koo ba ne ba simolola go tshwara<ref>"[https://shoebat.com/2017/04/12/muslims-are-taking-countless-africans-as-slaves-starving-them-to-death-selling-them-and-taking-the-women-to-rape-them/ Muslims Are Taking Countless Africans As Slaves, Starving Them To Death, Selling Them And Taking The Women To Rape Them]". 13 April 2017.</ref> ma Aforika a a neng a kgabaganya a leka go ya kwa Europe ba ba rekisa mo kgwebong ya makgoba. Makgoba gantsi ba malwapa ba bolelelwa go ba golola ka tlhwatlhwa, fa go santse go emetswe tuelo ba a sotliwa, ba patelediwe go bereka, nako tse dingwe ba berekisiwa go fitlhelela ba tlhokafala, gongwe ba felele ba bolawa kgotsa ba tlogelwa ba bolawa ke tlala fa tuelo e sa dirwa morago ga nako e e beilweng. Basadi ba tseelwa dikobo ka dikgoka ba dirisiwe e le makgoba a tlhakanelo dikobo ba bo ba rekisediwe mafelo a diaka.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39567632 African migrants 'sold in slave markets]'". ''BBC News''. 11 April 2017.</ref><ref>Graham-Harrison, Emma (10 April 2017). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/10/libya-public-slave-auctions-un-migration "Migrants from west Africa being 'sold in Libyan slave markets'"]. ''The Guardian'' – via www.theguardian.com.</ref><ref>"[https://nation.africa/kenya/news/africa/African-migrants-sold-as-slaves-in-Libya-/1066-3886812-5hy4xoz/index.html African migrants sold as 'slaves' in Libya]". 3 July 2020.</ref> Bontsi jwa bana ba batswakwa le bone ba a sotliwa ba bo ba dirisiwe dikgoka mo tlhakanelong dikobo kwa Lybia.<ref>Adams, Paul (28 February 2017). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39109585 "Libya exposed as child migrant abuse hub"]. ''BBC News''.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170910085159/http://alwaght.com/en/News/89562/Immigrant-Women,-Children-Raped,-Starved-in-Libya%E2%80%99s-Hellholes-Unicef Immigrant Women, Children Raped, Starved in Libya's Hellholes: Unicef"]. 28 February 2017. Archived from [http://alwaght.com/en/News/89562/Immigrant-Women,-Children-Raped,-Starved-in-Libya%E2%80%99s-Hellholes-Unicef the original] on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == 1dbj03p66al2kfqoeo4dlyfjwca8n4h 0 10666 40668 2025-06-22T15:27:30Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e le go tsenya metswedi #AWC2025 40668 wikitext text/x-wiki Go tshela mo maemong a a farologaneng le go nna le boitshupo jo bo kopanang jwa batho bantsho le basadi, basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba lotso lwa Aforika ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a tseneletseng a bokgoba. Rahisitori Deborah Gray White o tlhalosa gore "boemo jo bo kgethegileng jwa mosadi wa Moaforika-Amerika ke gore o eme mo marakanelong a ditsela a dikgopolo tse pedi tse di tlhabolotsweng thata mo Amerika, tse di amanang le basadi le tse di amanang le Motho wa Montsho."<ref>White, Deborah Gray (1999). ''[[iarchive:arntiwomanfemal00whit|Ar'n't I a Woman?: female slaves in the plantation South]]'' (Revised ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0393314812|0393314812]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200818014828/https://archive.org/details/arntiwomanfemal00whit Archived] from the original on August 18, 2020. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref>: ²⁷ Go simolola ka loeto lwa Middle as the Pas. basadi ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e farologaneng ka ntlha ya bong jwa bone. Mabapi le tiro ya mmele le mathata, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya balekane ba bone ba banna, mme gape ba ne ba itemogela tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano gangwe le gape mo diatleng tsa makgoba a bona a a neng a dirisa dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa thobalano e e feteletseng ya basadi ba bantsho jaaka tshiamiso. == Dikakanyo tse di sa siamang le dikinane == Go siamisa tsela e makgoba a neng a tshwara basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ka yone gantsi go ne go tshegediwa ke dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa ga Jezebel le Mammy. Fa a tlhalosa basadi ba bantsho jaaka ba ba nang le keletso e e kwa godimo e e sa tlwaelegang, moanelwa wa ga Jesebele "o ne a dumelelwa la ntlha fa Maesemane a ne a ya kwa Aforika go ya go reka makgoba." Bobedi diaparo tse basadi ba neng ba di apara (tse di neng di tlhokwa ke tlelaemete ya boboatsatsi) le dingwao tsa Aforika tsa go nyala basadi ba le bantsi di ne di "amanngwa le keletso e e sa laolegeng ya Maaforika." Ka go tlhagisa semelo sa ga Jesebele jaaka se se fapaaneng gotlhelele le dikakanyo tsa bogologolo tsa ga Victoria tsa bomme, makgoba a basweu a ne a dirisa go tlhotlheletsa basadi ba bangwe go feta ditleleimi tsa go sotlwa ka tlhakanelodikobo. Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy "e tswa mo dikgopolong tse di kwadilweng morago ga ntwa ya selegae." Dipego tse di ntseng jalo di bontsha Mammy e le mankge mo go tsa mo gae le motlhanka wa ntlo yo o kwa godimo. Dipego tsa basweu di tswelela go tlhalosa Mammy jaaka yo o nang le lerato mo baneng ba basweu ba makgoba a gagwe le ka dinako dingwe le neng le tla feta lorato lwa gagwe mo baneng ba gagwe. Fela jaaka moanelwa wa ga Jesebele, kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e a timetsa mme e theilwe mo bonneteng jo bo lekaneng "go dira gore dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tse di tla amang basadi ba bantsho thata di tshepagale." Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e thusa go nolofatsa bonnete jwa bokgoba ka go penta setshwantsho sa batlhanka ba mo ntlong ba ba neng ba nna mo matlong a a monate a ... Ba ka tswa ba ne ba na le sephiri se sennye go feta badiri ba masimo Ba ne ba nna ba le ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya lelapa la basweu mme ba ne ba le kafa tlase ga go fetoga ga maikutlo a bone, bogolosegolo mo go a mohumagadi wa bone, go feta makgoba a mangwe." == Maitemogelo a bomme mo bokgobeng == Bomme ba bantsho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a tlhomologileng malebana le mekgwa ya bomme. E re ka basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tlotliwa le go sotliwa ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa bone jwa go tsala, ba ne ba bonwa e le tsela ya go oketsa palo ya batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba. "Fa beng ba makgoba ba sena go lemoga gore tiro ya tsalo ya lekgoba la mosadi e ka ntsha poelo, go dirisa boferefere ga dikamano tsa thobalano tse di tsalang go ne ga nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya go dirisa makgoba a basadi botlhaswa ka thobalano." Mo godimo ga moo, gantsi bomme ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba dirisiwa botlhaswa ka go amusa ngwana ka metsi, e leng mokgwa o mo go one mmè yo o neng a dirilwe makgoba a neng a amusa lesea la lekgoba le lesweu. "Basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba abelana mashi a bone a letswele fa beng ba makgoba ba basweu ba ne ba ba pateletsa go bereka kgakala le masea a bone, kgotsa fa ba ne ba rekisa bomme kgakala le masea a bone a a amusang, kgotsa fa makgoba a a amusang a ne a swa." Go tiisa kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy, mokgwa o o patelediwang wa go amusa ka metsi gantsi o ne o tlhoka gore bomme ba nne kwa pele go feta ya bone, mme tota e bile ka dinako tse dingwe e ne e ka dira gore lesea la ga mmè yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba le swe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dikotla ka ntlha ya go kgwesiwa mashi a letswele go sa le gale thata. Pele ga kgwebisano ya makgoba ya transatlantic, batsamai ba Yuropa ba ne ba leba basadi ba Aforika jaaka ba ba nang le "bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa go amusa" ka ntlha ya mabele a bone a maleele a a neng a dira gore "basadi ba kgone go amusa masea a bone mo magetleng a bone." Ditshwantsho tseno gape di ne tsa dira gore go nne le "ditshwantsho tse di tsosang keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo tsa baoki ba ba metsi ba ba dirilweng makgoba, gore beng ba makgoba ba kgone go tlhalosa tiriso e e sa siamang ya thobalano ya basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba le tlhokomelo e ba neng ba e naya bana ba basweu." Ka ntlha ya ditlhokego tsa go dira makgoba, makgoba a basadi a ne a na le tshekamelo ya go ikaega ka "mefuta e e abelanwang le e e kopanetsweng ya bomme." Le fa go ka direga gore e ne e sa lemogiwe ke basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, mofuta ono o o abelanwang wa bomme o ne o na le tsweletso magareng ga Aforika, kwa basadi ba neng ba ikaega ka basadi ba bangwe ba bannye go tswa kwa Amerika Bokone le go thusa bana ba bona ka. "Go ka direga thata gore seno se thusitse go somarela karolo ya setso sa Aforika e e neng e gatelela bomme, mme gongwe mme wa Aforika o ne a bo fetisetsa kwa go barwadie." == Metswedi == a1h74mfa40via4jmc20eewv0kknix2p 40669 40668 2025-06-22T15:54:08Z KatieKea 10150 ke tsentse metswedi #AWC2025 40669 wikitext text/x-wiki Go tshela mo maemong a a farologaneng le go nna le boitshupo jo bo kopanang jwa batho bantsho le basadi, basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba lotso lwa Aforika ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a tseneletseng a bokgoba. Mmaditso Deborah Gray White o tlhalosa gore "boemo jo bo kgethegileng jwa mosadi wa Moaforika-Amerika ke gore o eme mo marakanelong a ditsela a dikgopolo tse pedi tse di tlhabolotsweng thata mo Amerika, tse di amanang le basadi le tse di amanang le Motho wa Montsho."<ref>White, Deborah Gray (1999). ''[[iarchive:arntiwomanfemal00whit|Ar'n't I a Woman?: female slaves in the plantation South]]'' (Revised ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0393314812|0393314812]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200818014828/https://archive.org/details/arntiwomanfemal00whit Archived] from the original on August 18, 2020. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref>: ²⁷ Go simolola ka loeto lwa [[Tsela e e fa gare]], basadi ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e farologaneng ka ntlha ya bong jwa bone. Mabapi le tiro ya mmele le mathata, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya balekane ba bone ba banna, mme gape ba ne ba itemogela tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano gangwe le gape mo diatleng tsa batshwa ba bone ba ba neng ba dirisa dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa thobalano e e feteletseng ya basadi ba bantsho jaaka seipato.<ref>White, Deborah Gray (1999). "The Nature of Female Slavery". ''Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South'' (Revised ed.). W.W. Norton & Company.</ref><ref>Bell, Karen Cook (November 7, 2022). [https://www.aaihs.org/on-war-and-u-s-slavery-enslaved-black-womens-experiences/ "On War and U.S. Slavery: Enslaved Black Women's Experiences - AAIHS"]. ''www.aaihs.org''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref><ref>Marshall, Lydia Wilson (May 4, 2022). [[doi:10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835|"Women, Slavery, and Labor in the United States"]]. ''Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage''. '''11''' (2): 93–96. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835|10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2161-9441 2161-9441]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> == Dikakanyo tse di sa siamang le dikinane == Go siamisa tsela e makgoba a neng a tshwara basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ka yone gantsi go ne go tshegediwa ke dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa ga Jezebel le Mammy. Fa a tlhalosa basadi ba bantsho jaaka ba ba nang le keletso e e kwa godimo e e sa tlwaelegang, moanelwa wa ga Jesebele "o ne a dumelelwa la ntlha fa Maesemane a ne a ya kwa Aforika go ya go reka makgoba." Bobedi diaparo tse basadi ba neng ba di apara (tse di neng di tlhokwa ke tlelaemete ya boboatsatsi) le dingwao tsa Aforika tsa go nyala basadi ba le bantsi di ne di "amanngwa le keletso e e sa laolegeng ya Maaforika." Ka go tlhagisa semelo sa ga Jesebele jaaka se se fapaaneng gotlhelele le dikakanyo tsa bogologolo tsa ga Victoria tsa bomme, makgoba a basweu a ne a dirisa go tlhotlheletsa basadi ba bangwe go feta ditleleimi tsa go sotlwa ka tlhakanelodikobo. Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy "e tswa mo dikgopolong tse di kwadilweng morago ga ntwa ya selegae." Dipego tse di ntseng jalo di bontsha Mammy e le mankge mo go tsa mo gae le motlhanka wa ntlo yo o kwa godimo. Dipego tsa basweu di tswelela go tlhalosa Mammy jaaka yo o nang le lerato mo baneng ba basweu ba makgoba a gagwe le ka dinako dingwe le neng le tla feta lorato lwa gagwe mo baneng ba gagwe. Fela jaaka moanelwa wa ga Jesebele, kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e a timetsa mme e theilwe mo bonneteng jo bo lekaneng "go dira gore dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tse di tla amang basadi ba bantsho thata di tshepagale." Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e thusa go nolofatsa bonnete jwa bokgoba ka go penta setshwantsho sa batlhanka ba mo ntlong ba ba neng ba nna mo matlong a a monate a ... Ba ka tswa ba ne ba na le sephiri se sennye go feta badiri ba masimo Ba ne ba nna ba le ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya lelapa la basweu mme ba ne ba le kafa tlase ga go fetoga ga maikutlo a bone, bogolosegolo mo go a mohumagadi wa bone, go feta makgoba a mangwe." == Maitemogelo a bomme mo bokgobeng == Bomme ba bantsho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a tlhomologileng malebana le mekgwa ya bomme. E re ka basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tlotliwa le go sotliwa ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa bone jwa go tsala, ba ne ba bonwa e le tsela ya go oketsa palo ya batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba. "Fa beng ba makgoba ba sena go lemoga gore tiro ya tsalo ya lekgoba la mosadi e ka ntsha poelo, go dirisa boferefere ga dikamano tsa thobalano tse di tsalang go ne ga nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya go dirisa makgoba a basadi botlhaswa ka thobalano." Mo godimo ga moo, gantsi bomme ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba dirisiwa botlhaswa ka go amusa ngwana ka metsi, e leng mokgwa o mo go one mmè yo o neng a dirilwe makgoba a neng a amusa lesea la lekgoba le lesweu. "Basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba abelana mashi a bone a letswele fa beng ba makgoba ba basweu ba ne ba ba pateletsa go bereka kgakala le masea a bone, kgotsa fa ba ne ba rekisa bomme kgakala le masea a bone a a amusang, kgotsa fa makgoba a a amusang a ne a swa." Go tiisa kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy, mokgwa o o patelediwang wa go amusa ka metsi gantsi o ne o tlhoka gore bomme ba nne kwa pele go feta ya bone, mme tota e bile ka dinako tse dingwe e ne e ka dira gore lesea la ga mmè yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba le swe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dikotla ka ntlha ya go kgwesiwa mashi a letswele go sa le gale thata. Pele ga kgwebisano ya makgoba ya transatlantic, batsamai ba Yuropa ba ne ba leba basadi ba Aforika jaaka ba ba nang le "bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa go amusa" ka ntlha ya mabele a bone a maleele a a neng a dira gore "basadi ba kgone go amusa masea a bone mo magetleng a bone." Ditshwantsho tseno gape di ne tsa dira gore go nne le "ditshwantsho tse di tsosang keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo tsa baoki ba ba metsi ba ba dirilweng makgoba, gore beng ba makgoba ba kgone go tlhalosa tiriso e e sa siamang ya thobalano ya basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba le tlhokomelo e ba neng ba e naya bana ba basweu." Ka ntlha ya ditlhokego tsa go dira makgoba, makgoba a basadi a ne a na le tshekamelo ya go ikaega ka "mefuta e e abelanwang le e e kopanetsweng ya bomme." Le fa go ka direga gore e ne e sa lemogiwe ke basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, mofuta ono o o abelanwang wa bomme o ne o na le tsweletso magareng ga Aforika, kwa basadi ba neng ba ikaega ka basadi ba bangwe ba bannye go tswa kwa Amerika Bokone le go thusa bana ba bona ka. "Go ka direga thata gore seno se thusitse go somarela karolo ya setso sa Aforika e e neng e gatelela bomme, mme gongwe mme wa Aforika o ne a bo fetisetsa kwa go barwadie." == Metswedi == cmpxjq314fvztiiiwjcptc3sh5wxre6 40670 40669 2025-06-22T16:56:40Z KatieKea 10150 /* Dikakanyo tse di sa siamang le dikinane */ Ke tsweledisitse tlhanolo le go tsenya metswedi. #AWC2025 40670 wikitext text/x-wiki Go tshela mo maemong a a farologaneng le go nna le boitshupo jo bo kopanang jwa batho bantsho le basadi, basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba lotso lwa Aforika ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a tseneletseng a bokgoba. Mmaditso Deborah Gray White o tlhalosa gore "boemo jo bo kgethegileng jwa mosadi wa Moaforika-Amerika ke gore o eme mo marakanelong a ditsela a dikgopolo tse pedi tse di tlhabolotsweng thata mo Amerika, tse di amanang le basadi le tse di amanang le Motho wa Montsho."<ref>White, Deborah Gray (1999). ''[[iarchive:arntiwomanfemal00whit|Ar'n't I a Woman?: female slaves in the plantation South]]'' (Revised ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0393314812|0393314812]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200818014828/https://archive.org/details/arntiwomanfemal00whit Archived] from the original on August 18, 2020. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref>: ²⁷ Go simolola ka loeto lwa [[Tsela e e fa gare]], basadi ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e farologaneng ka ntlha ya bong jwa bone. Mabapi le tiro ya mmele le mathata, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya balekane ba bone ba banna, mme gape ba ne ba itemogela tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano gangwe le gape mo diatleng tsa batshwa ba bone ba ba neng ba dirisa dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa thobalano e e feteletseng ya basadi ba bantsho jaaka seipato.<ref>White, Deborah Gray (1999). "The Nature of Female Slavery". ''Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South'' (Revised ed.). W.W. Norton & Company.</ref><ref>Bell, Karen Cook (November 7, 2022). [https://www.aaihs.org/on-war-and-u-s-slavery-enslaved-black-womens-experiences/ "On War and U.S. Slavery: Enslaved Black Women's Experiences - AAIHS"]. ''www.aaihs.org''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref><ref>Marshall, Lydia Wilson (May 4, 2022). [[doi:10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835|"Women, Slavery, and Labor in the United States"]]. ''Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage''. '''11''' (2): 93–96. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835|10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2161-9441 2161-9441]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> == Dikakanyo tse di sa siamang le dikinane == Go ipata ka tsela e batshwari ba neng ba tshwara basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ka yone gantsi go ne go tshegediwa ke dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa bo Jezebel le Mammy. Go tlhalosa basadi ba bantsho jaaka ba ba nang le keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo e e kwa godimo e e sa tlwaelesegang, moanelwa wa ga Jesebele "o ne a dumelelwa la ntlha fa Maesemane a ne a ya kwa Aforika go ya go reka makgoba." Diaparo tse basadi ba neng ba di apara (tse di neng di tlhokwa ke seemo sa bosa) le dingwao tsa Aforika tsa go nyala basadi ba le bantsi di ne di "amanngwa le keletso e e sa laolesegeng ya Maaforika."<ref name=":0">White, Deborah Gray (1999). "Jezebel and Mammy: The Mythology of Female Slavery". ''Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South'' (Revised ed.).</ref> Ka go tlhagisa setho sa ga Jesebele jaaka se se fapaaneng gotlhelele le dikakanyo tsa bogologolo tsa Victoria tsa bomme, batshwari ba makgoba ba basweu ba ne ba dirisa se go nna le dikakanyo tse di sa siamang ka basadi ba bangwe ba maAforika le ganetsa boikuelo jwa tshotlakako ka tlhakanelodikobo.<ref name=":0" /> Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy "e tswa mo dikgopolong tse di kwadilweng morago ga ntwa ya selegae." Dipego tse di ntseng jalo di bontsha Mammy e le mankge mo go tsa mo gae le motlhanka wa ntlo yo o kwa godimo. Dipego tsa basweu di tswelela go tlhalosa Mammy jaaka yo o nang le lerato mo baneng ba basweu ba beng ba gagwe le ka dinako dingwe le neng le tla feta lorato lwa gagwe mo baneng ba gagwe. Fela jaaka moanelwa wa ga Jesebele, kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e a timetsa mme e theilwe mo bonneteng jo bo lekaneng "go dira gore dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tse di tla amang basadi ba bantsho thata di tshepagale."<ref name=":0" /> Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e thusa go nolofatsa bonnete jwa bokgoba ka go penta setshwantsho sa batlhanka ba mo ntlong ba ba neng ba nna mo matlong a a monate, le fa ka nnete "makgoba a ne a nna a theogetse dioura tsotlhe ... Ba ka tswa ba ne ba na le sephiri se sennye go feta badiri ba masimo. Ba ne ba nna ba le ka fa tlase ga tebelelo ya lelapa la basweu mme ba ne ba le kafa tlase ga go fetoga ga maikutlo a bone, segolobogolo mo go a mohumagadi wa bone, go feta makgoba a mangwe."<ref name=":0" /> == Maitemogelo a bomme mo bokgobeng == Bomme ba bantsho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a tlhomologileng malebana le mekgwa ya bomme. E re ka basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tlotliwa le go sotliwa ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa bone jwa go tsala, ba ne ba bonwa e le tsela ya go oketsa palo ya batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba. "Fa beng ba makgoba ba sena go lemoga gore tiro ya tsalo ya lekgoba la mosadi e ka ntsha poelo, go dirisa boferefere ga dikamano tsa thobalano tse di tsalang go ne ga nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya go dirisa makgoba a basadi botlhaswa ka thobalano." Mo godimo ga moo, gantsi bomme ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba dirisiwa botlhaswa ka go amusa ngwana ka metsi, e leng mokgwa o mo go one mmè yo o neng a dirilwe makgoba a neng a amusa lesea la lekgoba le lesweu. "Basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba abelana mashi a bone a letswele fa beng ba makgoba ba basweu ba ne ba ba pateletsa go bereka kgakala le masea a bone, kgotsa fa ba ne ba rekisa bomme kgakala le masea a bone a a amusang, kgotsa fa makgoba a a amusang a ne a swa." Go tiisa kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy, mokgwa o o patelediwang wa go amusa ka metsi gantsi o ne o tlhoka gore bomme ba nne kwa pele go feta ya bone, mme tota e bile ka dinako tse dingwe e ne e ka dira gore lesea la ga mmè yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba le swe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dikotla ka ntlha ya go kgwesiwa mashi a letswele go sa le gale thata. Pele ga kgwebisano ya makgoba ya transatlantic, batsamai ba Yuropa ba ne ba leba basadi ba Aforika jaaka ba ba nang le "bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa go amusa" ka ntlha ya mabele a bone a maleele a a neng a dira gore "basadi ba kgone go amusa masea a bone mo magetleng a bone." Ditshwantsho tseno gape di ne tsa dira gore go nne le "ditshwantsho tse di tsosang keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo tsa baoki ba ba metsi ba ba dirilweng makgoba, gore beng ba makgoba ba kgone go tlhalosa tiriso e e sa siamang ya thobalano ya basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba le tlhokomelo e ba neng ba e naya bana ba basweu." Ka ntlha ya ditlhokego tsa go dira makgoba, makgoba a basadi a ne a na le tshekamelo ya go ikaega ka "mefuta e e abelanwang le e e kopanetsweng ya bomme." Le fa go ka direga gore e ne e sa lemogiwe ke basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, mofuta ono o o abelanwang wa bomme o ne o na le tsweletso magareng ga Aforika, kwa basadi ba neng ba ikaega ka basadi ba bangwe ba bannye go tswa kwa Amerika Bokone le go thusa bana ba bona ka. "Go ka direga thata gore seno se thusitse go somarela karolo ya setso sa Aforika e e neng e gatelela bomme, mme gongwe mme wa Aforika o ne a bo fetisetsa kwa go barwadie." == Metswedi == al39jiogub6vcdxbpnv99d84eqszbfs 40671 40670 2025-06-22T17:12:17Z KatieKea 10150 /* Maitemogelo a bomme mo bokgobeng */ ke feditse go ranola karolo e le go tsenya metswedi #AWC2025 40671 wikitext text/x-wiki Go tshela mo maemong a a farologaneng le go nna le boitshupo jo bo kopanang jwa batho bantsho le basadi, basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba lotso lwa Aforika ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a tseneletseng a bokgoba. Mmaditso Deborah Gray White o tlhalosa gore "boemo jo bo kgethegileng jwa mosadi wa Moaforika-Amerika ke gore o eme mo marakanelong a ditsela a dikgopolo tse pedi tse di tlhabolotsweng thata mo Amerika, tse di amanang le basadi le tse di amanang le Motho wa Montsho."<ref>White, Deborah Gray (1999). ''[[iarchive:arntiwomanfemal00whit|Ar'n't I a Woman?: female slaves in the plantation South]]'' (Revised ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0393314812|0393314812]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200818014828/https://archive.org/details/arntiwomanfemal00whit Archived] from the original on August 18, 2020. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref>: ²⁷ Go simolola ka loeto lwa [[Tsela e e fa gare]], basadi ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e farologaneng ka ntlha ya bong jwa bone. Mabapi le tiro ya mmele le mathata, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tshwarwa ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya balekane ba bone ba banna, mme gape ba ne ba itemogela tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano gangwe le gape mo diatleng tsa batshwa ba bone ba ba neng ba dirisa dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa thobalano e e feteletseng ya basadi ba bantsho jaaka seipato.<ref name=":1">White, Deborah Gray (1999). "The Nature of Female Slavery". ''Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South'' (Revised ed.). W.W. Norton & Company.</ref><ref>Bell, Karen Cook (November 7, 2022). [https://www.aaihs.org/on-war-and-u-s-slavery-enslaved-black-womens-experiences/ "On War and U.S. Slavery: Enslaved Black Women's Experiences - AAIHS"]. ''www.aaihs.org''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref><ref>Marshall, Lydia Wilson (May 4, 2022). [[doi:10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835|"Women, Slavery, and Labor in the United States"]]. ''Journal of African Diaspora Archaeology and Heritage''. '''11''' (2): 93–96. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835|10.1080/21619441.2022.2102835]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2161-9441 2161-9441]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> == Dikakanyo tse di sa siamang le dikinane == Go ipata ka tsela e batshwari ba neng ba tshwara basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ka yone gantsi go ne go tshegediwa ke dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tsa bo Jezebel le Mammy. Go tlhalosa basadi ba bantsho jaaka ba ba nang le keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo e e kwa godimo e e sa tlwaelesegang, moanelwa wa ga Jesebele "o ne a dumelelwa la ntlha fa Maesemane a ne a ya kwa Aforika go ya go reka makgoba." Diaparo tse basadi ba neng ba di apara (tse di neng di tlhokwa ke seemo sa bosa) le dingwao tsa Aforika tsa go nyala basadi ba le bantsi di ne di "amanngwa le keletso e e sa laolesegeng ya Maaforika."<ref name=":0">White, Deborah Gray (1999). "Jezebel and Mammy: The Mythology of Female Slavery". ''Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South'' (Revised ed.).</ref> Ka go tlhagisa setho sa ga Jesebele jaaka se se fapaaneng gotlhelele le dikakanyo tsa bogologolo tsa Victoria tsa bomme, batshwari ba makgoba ba basweu ba ne ba dirisa se go nna le dikakanyo tse di sa siamang ka basadi ba bangwe ba maAforika le ganetsa boikuelo jwa tshotlakako ka tlhakanelodikobo.<ref name=":0" /> Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy "e tswa mo dikgopolong tse di kwadilweng morago ga ntwa ya selegae." Dipego tse di ntseng jalo di bontsha Mammy e le mankge mo go tsa mo gae le motlhanka wa ntlo yo o kwa godimo. Dipego tsa basweu di tswelela go tlhalosa Mammy jaaka yo o nang le lerato mo baneng ba basweu ba beng ba gagwe le ka dinako dingwe le neng le tla feta lorato lwa gagwe mo baneng ba gagwe. Fela jaaka moanelwa wa ga Jesebele, kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e a timetsa mme e theilwe mo bonneteng jo bo lekaneng "go dira gore dikakanyo tse di sa siamang tse di tla amang basadi ba bantsho thata di tshepagale."<ref name=":0" /> Kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy e thusa go nolofatsa bonnete jwa bokgoba ka go penta setshwantsho sa batlhanka ba mo ntlong ba ba neng ba nna mo matlong a a monate, le fa ka nnete "makgoba a ne a nna a theogetse dioura tsotlhe ... Ba ka tswa ba ne ba na le sephiri se sennye go feta badiri ba masimo. Ba ne ba nna ba le ka fa tlase ga tebelelo ya lelapa la basweu mme ba ne ba le kafa tlase ga go fetoga ga maikutlo a bone, segolobogolo mo go a mohumagadi wa bone, go feta makgoba a mangwe."<ref name=":0" /> == Maitemogelo a bomme mo bokgobeng == Bomme ba bantsho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba na le maitemogelo a a sa tshwaneng a ga ope malebang le mekgwa ya bomme. E re ka basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tlotliwa le go sotliwa ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa bone jwa go tshola, ba ne ba bonwa e le tsela ya go oketsa palo ya batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba. "Fa beng ba makgoba ba sena go lemoga gore tiro ya tsholo ya lekgoba la mosadi e ka ntsha poelo, go dirisa boferefere ga dikamano tsa thobalano tsa tsholo go ne ga nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya go dirisa makgoba a basadi botlhaswa ka thobalano."<ref name=":1" /> Mo godimo ga moo, gantsi bomme ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba dirisiwa botlhaswa ka go amusa ngwana o e seng wa bone, e leng mokgwa o mo go one mme yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba a neng a amusa lesea la mong wa gagwe yo mosweu. "Basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba abelana mashi a bone a letswele fa beng ba makgoba ba basweu ba ne ba ba pateletsa go bereka kgakala le masea a bone, kgotsa fa ba ne ba rekisa bomme kgakala le masea a bone a a anywang, kgotsa fa makgoba a a amusang a ne a swa."<ref name=":2">West, Emily (February 2017). "Mothers' Milk: Slavery, Wet-Nursing, and Black and White Women in the Antebellum South". ''Journal of Southern History''. '''83''' (1): 37–68 – via Project MUSE.</ref> Go tiisa kgopolo e e sa siamang ya ga Mammy, mokgwa o o patelediwang wa go amusa bana ba eseng ba bone gantsi o ne o tlhoka gore bomme ba beye bana ba beng ba bone kwa pele go feta ba bone, mme tota e bile ka dinako tse dingwe e ne e ka dira gore lesea la ga mme yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba le swe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dikotla ka ntlha ya go kgwesiwa mashi a letswele ka bonako. Pele ga [[Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]], batsamai ba Yuropa ba ne ba leba basadi ba Aforika jaaka ba ba nang le "bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa go amusa" ka ntlha ya mabele a bone a maleele a a neng a dira gore "basadi ba kgone go amusa masea a bone mo magetleng a bone." Ditshwantsho tseno gape di ne tsa dira gore go nne le "ditshwantsho tse di tsosang keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo tsa baamusi bao ba ba dirilweng makgoba, gore beng ba makgoba ba kgone go tlhalosa tiriso e e sa siamang ya thobalano ya basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba le tlhokomelo e ba neng ba e naya bana ba basweu."<ref name=":2" /> Ka ntlha ya ditlhokego tsa bokgoba, makgoba a basadi a ne a na le tshekamelo ya go ikaega ka "mefuta e e abelanwang le e e kopanetsweng ya bomme."<ref name=":2" /> Le fa go ka direga gore e ne e sa lemogiwe ke basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, mofuta ono o o abelanwang wa bomme o ne o na le tsweletso magareng ga Aforika, kwa basadi ba neng ba ikaega ka basadi ba bangwe mo kgodisong ya bana ba sena thuso e e kalo go tswa mo banneng, le kwa Amerika Bokone. "Go ka direga thata gore se se thusitse go somarela karolo ya setso sa Aforika e e neng e gatelela go nna mme, mme gongwe mme wa Aforika o ne a bo fetisetsa kwa go barwadie."<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == h3x31h4j63un7h9q2pkbfwraoihwa0j 0 10667 40672 2025-06-22T17:26:18Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e le go tsenya metswedi #AWC2025 40672 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Bill of sale for a girl named Clary purchased by Robert Jardine for 50 pounds.jpg|thumb|Sesupo sa 1806 sa thekiso ya mosetsana, Clary, yo o rekilweng ke Robert Jardine ka diponto di le masome matlhano]] '''Mosetsana wa maratagolejwa''', yo ka dinako tse dingwe a bidiwang lelata la maphatsiphatsi, e ne e le lekgarebe la lotso lwa Aforika le le nang le letlalo le le botlhofo le le neng le rekisiwa ka boikaelelo jwa go patelediwa go gweba ka mmele le go nna legadingwana.<ref>White Gray, Deborah (1985). ''Ar'n't I A Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South'' (Revised ed.). W.W. Norton & Company (published February 17, 1999). ISBN 978-0393314816.</ref> Thekiso eno gantsi e ne e bidiwa kgwebo ya maphatsiphatsi mo teng ga hisitori e kgolo ya bokgoba kwa United States. Mogwebi mongwe wa makgoba wa Moamerika le ene o ne a bapatsa basimane ba ba maratagolejwa gore ba rekisiwa. == Ditso == Basetsana ba ba maphatsiphatsi ba ne ba rekwa le go rekisiwa mo teng ga borwa jwa United States ke bagwebi ba makgoba ba ba jaaka Rice C. Ballard le Robert Jardine. Makgarebe ano gantsi a ne a rekisiwa kwa difantising le batho ba bangwe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, le fa ba ne ba bewa mo mafelong a a farologaneng le bone. Go ne go tlwaelegile gore mosetsana yo o maphatsiphatsi a rekisiwe kwa mebarakeng ya New Orleans ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo thata go feta tse motho yo o tlwaelegileng yo o dirileng lekgoba a neng a rekisiwa ka tsone. Lekwalo lengwe la thekiso la lekgarebe lengwe le le bidiwang Clary le ne la bolela gore le rekilwe ka diponto di le masome a matlhano, kgotsa mo e ka nnang $5,000 ka madi a segompieno. Sekai se sengwe sa boleng jwa thekiso jo bo bapisiwang jwa Maamerika a a dirilweng makgoba a a rekisiwang go dirisiwa botlhaswa ka tlhakanelodikobo se tlhagelela mo thekisong ya makgoba ya ga Joseph Erwin ya 1818: diatla tse tharo tsa banna ba dingwaga tse di kwa godimo tsa tshimo, Hooper, Sam, le Peter, di ne tsa rekisiwa ka $1,250, $1,250, le $1,500 Debois, ". quadroon, Chloe, wa dingwaga di le lesomepedi mme o ne a tshwanelwa ke go nna lekgoba botshelo jotlhe". Dipapatso tsa basetsana ba majabajaba hangata di ne di ba hlalosa e le "ba bohlale," "ba ikanyehang," kapa "ba nang le boitshwaro"; di ne di kgabisitswe mme gantsi di kgabisitswe ka diaparo tse dintle le dilwana tse dingwe fa di romelwa go rekisiwa. Dikgopolo tse di neng di akanyeditswe pele tsa basadi ba bantsho jaaka ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo di ne tsa dira gore beng ba makgoba ba tlhotlheletsege go reka le go nyatsa ga basadi ba bone basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba. Makgarebe a ne a bewa mo mafelong a bone a legae kgotsa mo kagong e e kgethegileng mo lefelong la mong wa makgoba, gore a se ka a gogela tlhokomelo. Tshedimosetso ka ga nako ya basetsana ba ba maphatsiphatsi e e dirilweng makgoba e lekanyeditswe; go itsiwe go le gontsi ka matshelo a bone pele ga ba rekisiwa le morago ga kgololesego ya bone. Mogwebi wa makgoba wa Nashville Rees W. Porter o ne a bapatsa "Basimane ba ba oketsegileng ba No. 1" ba dingwaga di le lesome le lesome le bobedi. == Basetsana ba ba tlhomologileng ba bantle == Avenia White le Susan Johnson ba ne ba rekwa ke Rice C. Ballard ka 1832 mme ba bolokwa mo tshimong ya gagwe dingwaga di le dintsi. Botlhokwa jwa tsone mo go Ballard bo tlhomololwa ke nako e e tswelelang go nna mo lefelong la gagwe, gantsi a tsamaya le ene ka nako ya go fuduga gangwe le gape.[6] Basadi ba babedi bano ka bobedi ba ne ba na le bana mme matsalo a bone a ne a kwalwa mo direkotong tsa ga Ballard, go bontsha gore ba ne ba le botlhokwa mo go ene. Kgabagare, bobedi jo bo ne jwa gololwa ke Ballard mme jwa fudugela kwa Cincinnati ka 1838, kwa ba neng ba fetsa matshelo a bone otlhe gone. Ballard o ne a fudusetsa basadi bano le bana ba bone kwa toropong ka boene, a tsamaya ka koloi e le nngwe ya terena mme a robala mo phaposing e le nngwe ya marobalo le basadi bano. Ka nako eo, Cincinnati e ne e na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba pele le bana ba bone ba ba tlhakaneng, mme e ne e dira jaaka lefelo le le babalesegileng la ba ba mo maemong a a tshwanang le a ga White le Johnson.[6] White o ne a tswelela go kwalela Ballard morago ga go empancipa ga gagwe, a mo tlhabolola ka botshelo jwa gagwe kgotsa a kopa thuso mo go ene. Ballard o ne a tswelela go etela basadi bano gantsi ka "kgwebo." Louisa Piquet o ne a na le dingwaga di le lesome le bone ka 1841 fa a ne a kgaoganngwa le mmaagwe mme a rekisiwa mo fantising kwa mmarakeng wa makgoba kwa Mobile. John Williams o ne a mo reka ka $1,500. Ka pego ya gagwe, o ne a laelwa go apola ka bonako fela fa a sena go rekwa gore Williams a tlhomamisege gore se a se rekileng se ne se le botlhokwa. Piquet o ne a tsholelwa mo bokgobeng, mme kwa tshimologong o ne a sa rekisiwe jaaka mosetsana wa maphatsiphatsi, mme o bolela gore ene le mmaagwe ba ne ba itshokela tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano mo diatleng tsa beng ba bone ba pele. O ne a nna le Williams dingwaga di le thataro, a tshola bana ba gagwe ba le bane mme a mo tlhokomela go fitlha a swa. O ne a tlogelela Piquet fanitshara yotlhe e e neng e le mo ntlong ya gagwe mme a mo naya le bana ba gagwe kgololesego. Williams o ne a mo rotloetsa go fudugela kwa New York, mme o ne a swetsa go fudugela kwa Cincinnati ka a ne a na le ditsala kgotsa ba losika koo. == Metswedi == km1a30gfh4le760naz15q5sey9edhhb 40673 40672 2025-06-22T19:22:47Z KatieKea 10150 /* Ditso */ Ke tsweledisitse tlhanolo le go tsenya metswedi. #AWC2025 40673 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Bill of sale for a girl named Clary purchased by Robert Jardine for 50 pounds.jpg|thumb|Sesupo sa 1806 sa thekiso ya mosetsana, Clary, yo o rekilweng ke Robert Jardine ka diponto di le masome matlhano]] '''Mosetsana wa maratagolejwa''', yo ka dinako tse dingwe a bidiwang lelata la maphatsiphatsi, e ne e le lekgarebe la lotso lwa Aforika le le nang le letlalo le le botlhofo le le neng le rekisiwa ka boikaelelo jwa go patelediwa go gweba ka mmele le go nna legadingwana.<ref>White Gray, Deborah (1985). ''Ar'n't I A Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South'' (Revised ed.). W.W. Norton & Company (published February 17, 1999). ISBN 978-0393314816.</ref> Thekiso eno gantsi e ne e bidiwa kgwebo ya maphatsiphatsi mo teng ga hisitori e kgolo ya bokgoba kwa United States. Mogwebi mongwe wa makgoba wa Moamerika le ene o ne a bapatsa basimane ba ba maratagolejwa gore ba rekisiwa. == Ditso == Basetsana ba ba maratagolejwa ba ne ba rekwa le go rekisiwa mo teng ga borwa jwa Amerika ke bagwebi ba makgoba jaaka Rice C. Ballard le Robert Jardine. Makgarebe ano gantsi a ne a rekisiwa kwa dipalobalong le batho ba bangwe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, le fa ba ne ba bewa mo mafelong a a farologaneng le bone. Go ne go tlwaelesegile gore mosetsana wa maratagolejwa a rekisiwe kwa mebarakeng ya New Orleans<ref>Gordon, Tiye (2015). "[https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3636 The Fancy Trade and the Commodification of Rape in the Sexual Economy of 19th Century U.S. Slavery".] ''University of South Carolina Scholar Commons''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025. </ref> ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo thata go feta tse motho yo o tlwaelesegileng yo o dirileng lekgoba a neng a rekisiwa ka tsone. Lekwalo lengwe la thekiso la lekgarebe lengwe le le bidiwang Clary le ne la bolela gore le rekilwe ka diponto di le masome a matlhano,<ref>[https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2010.1.117ab "Bill of Sale for a Girl Named Clary Purchased by Robert Jardine for 50 Pounds"]. ''Museum of African American History and Culture''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> kgotsa mo e ka nnang $5,000 ka madi a segompieno. Sekai se sengwe sa boleng jwa thekiso jo bo bapisiwang jwa Maamerika a a dirilweng makgoba a a rekisiwang go dirisiwa botlhaswa ka tlhakanelodikobo se tlhagelela mo thekisong ya makgoba ya ga Joseph Erwin ya 1818: diatla tse tharo tsa banna ba dingwaga tse di kwa godimo tsa tshimo, Hooper, Sam, le Peter, di ne tsa rekisiwa ka $1,250, $1,250, le $1,500, fa Dominie DeVerbois a ne a duela $1,800 go reka quadroon, Chloe, wa dingwaga di le lesomelebobedi mme o ne a tshwanelwa ke go nna lekgoba botshelo jotlhe".<ref>White, Alice Pemble (April 1944). [[iarchive:per_louisiana-historical-quarterly_the-louisiana-historical-quarterly_1944-04_27_2/page/342/mode/2up|"The Plantation Experience of Joseph and Lavinia Erwin, 1807–1836"]]. ''Louisiana Historical Quarterly''. '''XXVII''' (2). Cabildo, New Orleans: Louisiana Historical Society: 343–477 [383–384]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-5949 0095-5949] – via Internet Archive.</ref> Dipapatso tsa basetsana ba maratagolejwa gantsi di ne di ba tlhalosa e le "ba botlhale," "ba ikanyegang," kana "ba nang le boitshwaro"; ba ne ba kgabisitswe mme gantsi ba kgabisitswe ka diaparo tse dintle le mekgabisa e mengwe fa ba romelwa go rekisiwa.<ref>Johnson, Walter (1 January 1999). ''Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market''. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674005396. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> Dikgopolo tse di neng di akanyeditswe pele tsa basadi ba bantsho jaaka ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo thata di ne tsa dira gore beng ba makgoba ba tlhotlheletsege go ba reka le go nyatsiwa ga basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ke bahumagadi ba bone.<ref name=":0">Green, Sharony (2015). ''Remember Me to Miss Louisa: Hidden Black-White Intimacies in Antebellum America''. DeKalb, Illinois 60115: Northern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780875807232. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> Makgarebe a ne a bewa mo mafelong a bone a legae kgotsa mo kagong e e kgethegileng mo lefelong la mong wa makgoba, gore a se ka a tisa babogedi.<ref name=":0" /> Tshedimosetso ka ga nako ya basetsana ba ba maratagolejwa e e dirilweng makgoba e lekanyeditswe; go itsiwe go le gontsi ka matshelo a bone pele ga ba rekisiwa le morago ga kgololesego ya bone. Mogwebi wa makgoba wa Nashville Rees W. Porter o ne a bapatsa "Basimane ba maratagolejwa ba No. 1" ba dingwaga di le lesome le lesome le bobedi.<ref>Carey, Bill (2018). ''Runaways, Coffles and Fancy Girls: A History of Slavery in Tennessee''. Nashville, Tennessee: Clearbrook Press. pp. 121–124. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0972568043|978-0972568043]]</bdi>. [[:en:LCCN_(identifier)|LCCN]] [https://lccn.loc.gov/2018903570 2018903570]. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1045068878 1045068878]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> == Basetsana ba ba tumileng ba maratagolejwa == Avenia White le Susan Johnson ba ne ba rekwa ke Rice C. Ballard ka 1832 mme ba bolokwa mo tshimong ya gagwe dingwaga di le dintsi. Botlhokwa jwa tsone mo go Ballard bo tlhomololwa ke nako e e tswelelang go nna mo lefelong la gagwe, gantsi a tsamaya le ene ka nako ya go fuduga gangwe le gape.[6] Basadi ba babedi bano ka bobedi ba ne ba na le bana mme matsalo a bone a ne a kwalwa mo direkotong tsa ga Ballard, go bontsha gore ba ne ba le botlhokwa mo go ene. Kgabagare, bobedi jo bo ne jwa gololwa ke Ballard mme jwa fudugela kwa Cincinnati ka 1838, kwa ba neng ba fetsa matshelo a bone otlhe gone. Ballard o ne a fudusetsa basadi bano le bana ba bone kwa toropong ka boene, a tsamaya ka koloi e le nngwe ya terena mme a robala mo phaposing e le nngwe ya marobalo le basadi bano. Ka nako eo, Cincinnati e ne e na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba pele le bana ba bone ba ba tlhakaneng, mme e ne e dira jaaka lefelo le le babalesegileng la ba ba mo maemong a a tshwanang le a ga White le Johnson.[6] White o ne a tswelela go kwalela Ballard morago ga go empancipa ga gagwe, a mo tlhabolola ka botshelo jwa gagwe kgotsa a kopa thuso mo go ene. Ballard o ne a tswelela go etela basadi bano gantsi ka "kgwebo." Louisa Piquet o ne a na le dingwaga di le lesome le bone ka 1841 fa a ne a kgaoganngwa le mmaagwe mme a rekisiwa mo fantising kwa mmarakeng wa makgoba kwa Mobile. John Williams o ne a mo reka ka $1,500. Ka pego ya gagwe, o ne a laelwa go apola ka bonako fela fa a sena go rekwa gore Williams a tlhomamisege gore se a se rekileng se ne se le botlhokwa. Piquet o ne a tsholelwa mo bokgobeng, mme kwa tshimologong o ne a sa rekisiwe jaaka mosetsana wa maphatsiphatsi, mme o bolela gore ene le mmaagwe ba ne ba itshokela tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano mo diatleng tsa beng ba bone ba pele. O ne a nna le Williams dingwaga di le thataro, a tshola bana ba gagwe ba le bane mme a mo tlhokomela go fitlha a swa. O ne a tlogelela Piquet fanitshara yotlhe e e neng e le mo ntlong ya gagwe mme a mo naya le bana ba gagwe kgololesego. Williams o ne a mo rotloetsa go fudugela kwa New York, mme o ne a swetsa go fudugela kwa Cincinnati ka a ne a na le ditsala kgotsa ba losika koo. == Metswedi == 4h6scydvqd60sen5pdohdvc0jmnxbwp 40674 40673 2025-06-22T19:33:35Z KatieKea 10150 /* Basetsana ba ba tumileng ba maratagolejwa */ ke ranotse karolo e. #AWC2025 40674 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Bill of sale for a girl named Clary purchased by Robert Jardine for 50 pounds.jpg|thumb|Sesupo sa 1806 sa thekiso ya mosetsana, Clary, yo o rekilweng ke Robert Jardine ka diponto di le masome matlhano]] '''Mosetsana wa maratagolejwa''', yo ka dinako tse dingwe a bidiwang lelata la maphatsiphatsi, e ne e le lekgarebe la lotso lwa Aforika le le nang le letlalo le le botlhofo le le neng le rekisiwa ka boikaelelo jwa go patelediwa go gweba ka mmele le go nna legadingwana.<ref>White Gray, Deborah (1985). ''Ar'n't I A Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South'' (Revised ed.). W.W. Norton & Company (published February 17, 1999). ISBN 978-0393314816.</ref> Thekiso eno gantsi e ne e bidiwa kgwebo ya maphatsiphatsi mo teng ga hisitori e kgolo ya bokgoba kwa United States. Mogwebi mongwe wa makgoba wa Moamerika le ene o ne a bapatsa basimane ba ba maratagolejwa gore ba rekisiwa. == Ditso == Basetsana ba ba maratagolejwa ba ne ba rekwa le go rekisiwa mo teng ga borwa jwa Amerika ke bagwebi ba makgoba jaaka Rice C. Ballard le Robert Jardine. Makgarebe ano gantsi a ne a rekisiwa kwa dipalobalong le batho ba bangwe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, le fa ba ne ba bewa mo mafelong a a farologaneng le bone. Go ne go tlwaelesegile gore mosetsana wa maratagolejwa a rekisiwe kwa mebarakeng ya New Orleans<ref>Gordon, Tiye (2015). "[https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/3636 The Fancy Trade and the Commodification of Rape in the Sexual Economy of 19th Century U.S. Slavery".] ''University of South Carolina Scholar Commons''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025. </ref> ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo thata go feta tse motho yo o tlwaelesegileng yo o dirileng lekgoba a neng a rekisiwa ka tsone. Lekwalo lengwe la thekiso la lekgarebe lengwe le le bidiwang Clary le ne la bolela gore le rekilwe ka diponto di le masome a matlhano,<ref>[https://nmaahc.si.edu/object/nmaahc_2010.1.117ab "Bill of Sale for a Girl Named Clary Purchased by Robert Jardine for 50 Pounds"]. ''Museum of African American History and Culture''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> kgotsa mo e ka nnang $5,000 ka madi a segompieno. Sekai se sengwe sa boleng jwa thekiso jo bo bapisiwang jwa Maamerika a a dirilweng makgoba a a rekisiwang go dirisiwa botlhaswa ka tlhakanelodikobo se tlhagelela mo thekisong ya makgoba ya ga Joseph Erwin ya 1818: diatla tse tharo tsa banna ba dingwaga tse di kwa godimo tsa tshimo, Hooper, Sam, le Peter, di ne tsa rekisiwa ka $1,250, $1,250, le $1,500, fa Dominie DeVerbois a ne a duela $1,800 go reka quadroon, Chloe, wa dingwaga di le lesomelebobedi mme o ne a tshwanelwa ke go nna lekgoba botshelo jotlhe".<ref>White, Alice Pemble (April 1944). [[iarchive:per_louisiana-historical-quarterly_the-louisiana-historical-quarterly_1944-04_27_2/page/342/mode/2up|"The Plantation Experience of Joseph and Lavinia Erwin, 1807–1836"]]. ''Louisiana Historical Quarterly''. '''XXVII''' (2). Cabildo, New Orleans: Louisiana Historical Society: 343–477 [383–384]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-5949 0095-5949] – via Internet Archive.</ref> Dipapatso tsa basetsana ba maratagolejwa gantsi di ne di ba tlhalosa e le "ba botlhale," "ba ikanyegang," kana "ba nang le boitshwaro"; ba ne ba kgabisitswe mme gantsi ba kgabisitswe ka diaparo tse dintle le mekgabisa e mengwe fa ba romelwa go rekisiwa.<ref>Johnson, Walter (1 January 1999). ''Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market''. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674005396. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> Dikgopolo tse di neng di akanyeditswe pele tsa basadi ba bantsho jaaka ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo thata di ne tsa dira gore beng ba makgoba ba tlhotlheletsege go ba reka le go nyatsiwa ga basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ke bahumagadi ba bone.<ref name=":0">Green, Sharony (2015). ''Remember Me to Miss Louisa: Hidden Black-White Intimacies in Antebellum America''. DeKalb, Illinois 60115: Northern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780875807232. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> Makgarebe a ne a bewa mo mafelong a bone a legae kgotsa mo kagong e e kgethegileng mo lefelong la mong wa makgoba, gore a se ka a tisa babogedi.<ref name=":0" /> Tshedimosetso ka ga nako ya basetsana ba ba maratagolejwa e e dirilweng makgoba e lekanyeditswe; go itsiwe go le gontsi ka matshelo a bone pele ga ba rekisiwa le morago ga kgololesego ya bone. Mogwebi wa makgoba wa Nashville Rees W. Porter o ne a bapatsa "Basimane ba maratagolejwa ba No. 1" ba dingwaga di le lesome le lesome le bobedi.<ref>Carey, Bill (2018). ''Runaways, Coffles and Fancy Girls: A History of Slavery in Tennessee''. Nashville, Tennessee: Clearbrook Press. pp. 121–124. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0972568043|978-0972568043]]</bdi>. [[:en:LCCN_(identifier)|LCCN]] [https://lccn.loc.gov/2018903570 2018903570]. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1045068878 1045068878]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> == Basetsana ba ba tumileng ba maratagolejwa == Avenia White le Susan Johnson ba ne ba rekwa ke Rice C. Ballard ka 1832 mme ba bewa mo tshimong ya gagwe dingwaga di le dintsi. Botlhokwa jwa bone mo go Ballard bo supiwa ke nako e e tswelelang go nna mo lefelong la gagwe, gantsi a tsamaya le ene ka nako ya go fuduga gangwe le gape.<ref name=":0" /> Basadi ba babedi bano ka bobedi ba ne ba na le bana mme matsalo a bone a ne a kwalwa mo direkotong tsa ga Ballard, go bontsha gore ba ne ba le botlhokwa mo go ene. Kgabagare, bobedi jo bo ne jwa gololwa ke Ballard mme jwa fudugela kwa Cincinnati ka 1838, kwa ba neng ba fetsa matshelo a bone otlhe gone.<ref name=":0" /> Ballard o ne a fudusetsa basadi bao le bana ba bone kwa toropong ka boene, a tsamaya ka koloi e le nngwe ya terena mme a robala mo phaposing e le nngwe ya marobalo le basadi ba. Ka nako eo, Cincinnati e ne e na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba pele le bana ba bone ba ba tlhakaneng, mme e ne e dira jaaka lefelo le le babalesegileng la ba ba mo maemong a a tshwanang le a ga White le Johnson.<ref name=":0" /> White o ne a tswelela go kwalela Ballard morago ga go gololwa ga gagwe, a mmolelela ka botshelo jwa gagwe kgotsa a kopa thuso mo go ene. Ballard o ne a tswelela go etela basadi bao gantsi ka "kgwebo."<ref name=":0" /> Louisa Piquet o ne a na le dingwaga di le lesome le bone ka 1841 fa a ne a kgaoganngwa le mmaagwe mme a rekisiwa mo palabalong kwa mmarakeng wa makgoba kwa Mobile. John Williams o ne a mo reka ka $1,500. Ka pego ya gagwe, o ne a laelwa go apola ka bonako fela fa a sena go rekwa gore Williams a tlhomamisege gore se a se rekileng se ne se le botlhokwa.<ref name=":1">Fulton Minor, Doveanna (20 November 2009). ''Speaking Lives, Authoring Texts: Three African American Women's Oral Slave Narratives''. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1438429656. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2025.</ref> Piquet o ne a tsholelwa mo bokgobeng, mme kwa tshimologong o ne a sa rekisiwe jaaka mosetsana wa maratagolejwa, mme o bolela gore ene le mmaagwe ba ne ba itshokela tirisobotlhaswa ya thobalano mo diatleng tsa beng ba bone ba pele.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a nna le Williams dingwaga di le thataro, a tshola bana ba gagwe ba le bane mme a mo tlhokomela go fitlha a swa. O ne a tlogelela Piquet dilwana tsa ntlo tsotlhe tse di neng di le mo ntlong ya gagwe mme a mo fa kgololesego le bana ba gagwe. Williams o ne a mo rotloetsa go fudugela kwa New York, mme o ne a swetsa go fudugela kwa Cincinnati ka a ne a na le ditsala kgotsa ba losika koo.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == th4lpq8li1nrgc1ojjaf10eaxx4jkts 0 10668 40675 2025-06-23T06:39:29Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e le go tsenya setshwantsho le metswedi #AWC2025 40675 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Good Old Slavery Days, The Cambridge City Tribune, Cambridge City, Indiana, May 13, 1880.jpg|thumb|James King (1801–1885) wa Indiana<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evansville-journal-madison-ind-no/130124111/ "Madison, Ind., Nov. 7"]. ''The Evansville Journal''. November 11, 1885. p. 3. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref> o ne a bolela fa a ne a bona mogwebi wa makgoba a rekisa lesea le le tswang mo letsweleng la ga mmaalone kwa lefelong la go dira dikgong la sekepe sa mosi "letsatsi lengwe a tswa kwa Wheeling, Virginia", mme mosadi yo o ne a itatlhela mo Nokeng ya Ohio.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cambridge-city-tribune-good-old-slav/130123463/ "Good Old Slavery Days"]. ''The Cambridge City Tribune''. May 13, 1880. p. 1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref>]] '''Go ipolaya, go bolaya masea le go ikgaola ditokololo ga makgoba kwa Amerika''' go ne ga kwalwa, le mororo e sa ntse e le karolo e e sa ithutiwang sentle ya bokgoba kwa United States. == Go ipolaya == Dipalopalo tsotlhe tsa go ipolaya ga makgoba a bantsho kwa Amerika go dumelwa gore di ne di le kwa tlase fa di bapisiwa, ka ntlha ya ditumelo tsa setso tse di tlwaelesegileng mo merafeng ya Aforika le ya Maaforika-Amerika.<ref name=":0">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. vii, 78–79.</ref> Aforika e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa go ipolaya mo kontinenteng epe fela, mme seelo sa go ipolaya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Aforika ke karolwana ya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Yuropa.<ref name=":0" /> Fa motho yo o dirilweng lekgoba a ne a swa ka go ipolaya, gantsi e ne e le ka ntlha ya "go senyega ga maemo a gagwe kgotsa tsholofelo e e sa diragadiwang."<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. vii.</ref> Babatlisisi ba fitlhetse gore jaaka molao, "fa makgoba a ne a tlhopha go ipolaya, mabaka a go dira jalo a ne a amana ka tlhamalalo le maemo a bone a botlhanka." <ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 8.</ref> Dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ba tlisitsweng kwa Dikoloning di le Lesometharo le kwa United States go ne go lebega di diragetse ka nako ya le ka bonako morago ga Middle Passage.[6] Selo se se gaufi se se bakileng go ipolaya gono e ne e le "kgobalo ya go nna mo botshwarong" e e neng ya felela ka "go tlhobaela le go ikgaola kgotsa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong le go tlhoka maitseo."[7] Dipalopalo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong bano go lebega di ne di le kwa godimo go sekae mo banneng, ba ba neng ba le nosi kwantle ga ba bangwe go tswa mo setšhabeng sa bone, le batho ba ba godileng.[8] "Palo e e sa lekalekaneng" ya dipolao tse di diragetseng morago ga go rekisiwa go lebega e ne e le batho ba ba neng ba le maloko a maemo a a kwa godimo mo merafeng ya bone kwa gae.[6] Sekao sa seno se ka bonwa mo pegong ya 1898 ya batho ba ba neng ba rekisiwa kwa United States e se ka fa molaong ka sekepe sa Wanderer, se se neng se bolela gore palo ya bafalodi moragonyana ba ne ba ipolaya ka tumelo ya gore "fa ba ka tlolela mo lewatleng mme ba nwela ba ne ba tla rwalwa ba boela kwa Aforika ke meya e e molemo e e neng e bitsa Kgosi Miyengo, bana ba le babedi... gareng ga bone. Simon's beach, ka nako ya fa mohumagadi wa gagwe a ne a seyo, mme boraro jwa bone ba ne ba tlola go tswa mo lefikeng le le kwa godimo ba tsena mo moela o o bofefo mme ba nwela."[9] Mo mokwalong mongwe, go ipolaya go go tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba e ne e le bontsi jwa banna, mme go nwela e le mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng thata. Se se bakileng go ipolaya se se tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba e ne e le "kotlhao" ya nako e e fetileng kgotsa ya isago ka tirisodikgoka, go palelwa ke go tshaba, kgotsa thekiso e e tlang,[10] go akaretsa le go "tshosediwa ka go kgaogana le molekane le bana ka ntlha ya go rekisediwa mong yo mongwe wa makgoba11." Mofuta wa go ipolaya ga makgoba o barutegi ba fopholetsang gore o ka tswa o ne o le teng mme o o ka se ithutiweng bonolo ke "go ipolaya ga mong wa makgoba" (jaaka go ipolaya ga lepodise).[12] Makgoba a Yuropa a lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga a ne a tshegeditse ditumelo di le mmalwa tsa setso tsa gore ke merafe efe e e neng e ka ipolaya kgotsa e dirisa mekgwa mengwe go ipolaya.[13] Ba-Ibo ba Nigeria ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa gore ba ka ipolaya thata fa ba ka tsewa ka dikgoka go nna makgoba.[7] Mary Gaffney, yo o neng a botsolodiwa mo Kokoanyong ya Dipolelo tsa Makgoba ya WPA, o ne a tlhalosa lekgoba le le neng la bolaya mosadi wa lone yo o imileng. Mong wa lekgoba o ne a mo tsenya "mo kgolegelong bosigo mme motshegare o ne a tshwanelwa ke go rwala dikeetane mo maotong a gagwe. O ne a sa tlhole a kgona go ya kwa metansong epe kgotsa go nna le letsatsi le lengwe la mahala koo mo tshimong...ba ne ba mpolelela gore kgabagare o ne a tshwara thapo mme a ikaletsa pele ga kgololesego." a dirilwe lekgoba kwa Missouri, mokwadi, a batla kgaitsadie yo o latlhegileng, o ne a ithaopela gore "Mmaarona o ne a tla mo losong lwa gagwe ka go ikapola."[15] == Polao ya masea le polao ya bana == == Go ikgaola ditokololo == == Metswedi == ar0ojlkm6f30y99f0pis1q7qxmnmrtg 40676 40675 2025-06-23T07:14:34Z KatieKea 10150 /* Go ipolaya */ Ke tsweledisitse tlhanolo le go tsenya metswedi. #AWC2025 40676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Good Old Slavery Days, The Cambridge City Tribune, Cambridge City, Indiana, May 13, 1880.jpg|thumb|James King (1801–1885) wa Indiana<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evansville-journal-madison-ind-no/130124111/ "Madison, Ind., Nov. 7"]. ''The Evansville Journal''. November 11, 1885. p. 3. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref> o ne a bolela fa a ne a bona mogwebi wa makgoba a rekisa lesea le le tswang mo letsweleng la ga mmaalone kwa lefelong la go dira dikgong la sekepe sa mosi "letsatsi lengwe a tswa kwa Wheeling, Virginia", mme mosadi yo o ne a itatlhela mo Nokeng ya Ohio.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cambridge-city-tribune-good-old-slav/130123463/ "Good Old Slavery Days"]. ''The Cambridge City Tribune''. May 13, 1880. p. 1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref>]] '''Go ipolaya, go bolaya masea le go ikgaola ditokololo ga makgoba kwa Amerika''' go ne ga kwalwa, le mororo e sa ntse e le karolo e e sa ithutiwang sentle ya bokgoba kwa United States. == Go ipolaya == Dipalopalo tsotlhe tsa go ipolaya ga makgoba a bantsho kwa Amerika go dumelwa gore di ne di le kwa tlase fa di bapisiwa, ka ntlha ya ditumelo tsa setso tse di tlwaelesegileng mo merafeng ya Aforika le ya Maaforika-Amerika.<ref name=":0">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. vii, 78–79.</ref> Aforika e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa go ipolaya mo kontinenteng epe fela, mme seelo sa go ipolaya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Aforika ke karolwana ya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Yuropa.<ref name=":0" /> Fa motho yo o dirilweng lekgoba a ne a swa ka go ipolaya, gantsi e ne e le ka ntlha ya "go senyega ga maemo a gagwe kgotsa tsholofelo e e sa diragadiwang."<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. vii.</ref> Babatlisisi ba fitlhetse gore jaaka molao, "fa makgoba a ne a tlhopha go ipolaya, mabaka a go dira jalo a ne a amana ka tlhamalalo le maemo a bone a botlhanka." <ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 8.</ref> Dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ba tlisitsweng kwa Dikoloning di le Lesometharo le kwa United States go ne go lebega di diragetse ka nako ya le ka bonako morago ga [[Tsela e e fa gare]].<ref name=":1">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 62.</ref> Selo se se gaufi se se bakileng go ipolaya mo e ne e le "kgobalo ya go nna mo botshwarong" e e neng ya felela ka "go tlhobaela le go ikgaola ditokololo kgotsa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong le go tlhoka ."<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFLester1997|Lester (1997)]], p. 52.</ref> Dipalopalo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong bano go lebega di ne di le kwa godimo go sekae mo banneng, ba ba neng ba le nosi kwantle ga ba bangwe go tswa mo setshabeng sa bone, le batho ba ba godileng.<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFPiersen1977|Piersen (1977)]], p. 151.</ref> "Palo e e sa lekalekaneng" ya dipolao tse di diragetseng morago ga go rekisiwa go lebega e ne e le batho ba ba neng ba le maloko a maemo a a kwa godimo mo merafeng ya bone kwa gae.<ref name=":1" /> Sekao sa se se ka bonwa mo pegong ya 1898 ya batho ba ba neng ba rekisiwa kwa Amerika e se ka fa molaong ka sekepe sa ''Wanderer'', se se neng se bolela gore palo ya bafalodi moragonyana ba ne ba ipolaya ka tumelo ya gore "fa ba ka tlolela mo lewatleng mme ba nwela ba ne ba tla rwalwa ba boela kwa Aforika ke meya e e molemo e e neng e bitsa Kgosi Miyengo, bana ba le babedi... gareng ga bone. Simon's beach, ka nako ya fa mohumagadi wa gagwe a ne a seyo, mme boraro jwa bone ba ne ba tlola go tswa mo lefikeng le le kwa godimo ba tsena mo moeleng o o bofefo mme ba nwela."<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-last-survivor-of-the/129812213/ "Last Survivor of the Owners of the Wanderer"]. ''The Atlanta Journal''. January 29, 1898. p. 12.</ref> Mo mokwalong mongwe, go ipolaya go go tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba e ne e le bontsi jwa banna, mme go nwela e le mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng thata. Se se bakileng go ipolaya se se tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba e ne e le "kotlhao" ya nako e e fetileng kgotsa ya isago ka tirisodikgoka, go palelwa ke go tshaba, kgotsa thekiso e e tlang,[10] go akaretsa le go "tshosediwa ka go kgaogana le molekane le bana ka ntlha ya go rekisediwa mong yo mongwe wa makgoba11." Mofuta wa go ipolaya ga makgoba o barutegi ba fopholetsang gore o ka tswa o ne o le teng mme o o ka se ithutiweng bonolo ke "go ipolaya ga mong wa makgoba" (jaaka go ipolaya ga lepodise).[12] Makgoba a Yuropa a lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga a ne a tshegeditse ditumelo di le mmalwa tsa setso tsa gore ke merafe efe e e neng e ka ipolaya kgotsa e dirisa mekgwa mengwe go ipolaya.[13] Ba-Ibo ba Nigeria ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa gore ba ka ipolaya thata fa ba ka tsewa ka dikgoka go nna makgoba.[7] Mary Gaffney, yo o neng a botsolodiwa mo Kokoanyong ya Dipolelo tsa Makgoba ya WPA, o ne a tlhalosa lekgoba le le neng la bolaya mosadi wa lone yo o imileng. Mong wa lekgoba o ne a mo tsenya "mo kgolegelong bosigo mme motshegare o ne a tshwanelwa ke go rwala dikeetane mo maotong a gagwe. O ne a sa tlhole a kgona go ya kwa metansong epe kgotsa go nna le letsatsi le lengwe la mahala koo mo tshimong...ba ne ba mpolelela gore kgabagare o ne a tshwara thapo mme a ikaletsa pele ga kgololesego." a dirilwe lekgoba kwa Missouri, mokwadi, a batla kgaitsadie yo o latlhegileng, o ne a ithaopela gore "Mmaarona o ne a tla mo losong lwa gagwe ka go ikapola."[15] == Polao ya masea le polao ya bana == == Go ikgaola ditokololo == == Metswedi == 93gpb41ebszbigsg3m2aqa0flh0v2ci 40689 40676 2025-06-23T09:44:33Z KatieKea 10150 /* Go ipolaya */ ke feditse go ranola karolo e le go tsenya metswedi #AWC2025 40689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Good Old Slavery Days, The Cambridge City Tribune, Cambridge City, Indiana, May 13, 1880.jpg|thumb|James King (1801–1885) wa Indiana<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evansville-journal-madison-ind-no/130124111/ "Madison, Ind., Nov. 7"]. ''The Evansville Journal''. November 11, 1885. p. 3. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref> o ne a bolela fa a ne a bona mogwebi wa makgoba a rekisa lesea le le tswang mo letsweleng la ga mmaalone kwa lefelong la go dira dikgong la sekepe sa mosi "letsatsi lengwe a tswa kwa Wheeling, Virginia", mme mosadi yo o ne a itatlhela mo Nokeng ya Ohio.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cambridge-city-tribune-good-old-slav/130123463/ "Good Old Slavery Days"]. ''The Cambridge City Tribune''. May 13, 1880. p. 1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref>]] '''Go ipolaya, go bolaya masea le go ikgaola ditokololo ga makgoba kwa Amerika''' go ne ga kwalwa, le mororo e sa ntse e le karolo e e sa ithutiwang sentle ya bokgoba kwa United States. == Go ipolaya == Dipalopalo tsotlhe tsa go ipolaya ga makgoba a bantsho kwa Amerika go dumelwa gore di ne di le kwa tlase fa di bapisiwa, ka ntlha ya ditumelo tsa setso tse di tlwaelesegileng mo merafeng ya Aforika le ya Maaforika-Amerika.<ref name=":0">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. vii, 78–79.</ref> Aforika e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa go ipolaya mo kontinenteng epe fela, mme seelo sa go ipolaya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Aforika ke karolwana ya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Yuropa.<ref name=":0" /> Fa motho yo o dirilweng lekgoba a ne a swa ka go ipolaya, gantsi e ne e le ka ntlha ya "go senyega ga maemo a gagwe kgotsa tsholofelo e e sa diragadiwang."<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. vii.</ref> Babatlisisi ba fitlhetse gore jaaka molao, "fa makgoba a ne a tlhopha go ipolaya, mabaka a go dira jalo a ne a amana ka tlhamalalo le maemo a bone a botlhanka." <ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 8.</ref> Dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ba tlisitsweng kwa Dikoloning di le Lesometharo le kwa United States go ne go lebega di diragetse ka nako ya le ka bonako morago ga [[Tsela e e fa gare]].<ref name=":1">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 62.</ref> Selo se se gaufi se se bakileng go ipolaya mo e ne e le "kgobalo ya go nna mo botshwarong" e e neng ya felela ka "go tlhobaela le go ikgaola ditokololo kgotsa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong le go tlhoka ."<ref name=":2">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFLester1997|Lester (1997)]], p. 52.</ref> Dipalopalo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong bano go lebega di ne di le kwa godimo go sekae mo banneng, ba ba neng ba le nosi kwantle ga ba bangwe go tswa mo setshabeng sa bone, le batho ba ba godileng.<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFPiersen1977|Piersen (1977)]], p. 151.</ref> "Palo e e sa lekalekaneng" ya dipolao tse di diragetseng morago ga go rekisiwa go lebega e ne e le batho ba ba neng ba le maloko a maemo a a kwa godimo mo merafeng ya bone kwa gae.<ref name=":1" /> Sekao sa se se ka bonwa mo pegong ya 1898 ya batho ba ba neng ba rekisiwa kwa Amerika e se ka fa molaong ka sekepe sa ''Wanderer'', se se neng se bolela gore palo ya bafalodi moragonyana ba ne ba ipolaya ka tumelo ya gore "fa ba ka tlolela mo lewatleng mme ba nwela ba ne ba tla rwalwa ba boela kwa Aforika ke meya e e molemo e e neng e bitsa Kgosi Miyengo, bana ba le babedi... gareng ga bone. Simon's beach, ka nako ya fa mohumagadi wa gagwe a ne a seyo, mme boraro jwa bone ba ne ba tlola go tswa mo lefikeng le le kwa godimo ba tsena mo moeleng o o bofefo mme ba nwela."<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-last-survivor-of-the/129812213/ "Last Survivor of the Owners of the Wanderer"]. ''The Atlanta Journal''. January 29, 1898. p. 12.</ref> Mo mokwalong mongwe, go ipolaya go go tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba bontsi e ne e le banna, mme go nwela e le mokgwa o o tlwaelesegileng thata. Se se bakileng go ipolaya se se tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba e ne e le "kotlhao" ya nako e e fetileng kgotsa ya isago ka tirisodikgoka, go palelwa ke go tshaba, kgotsa thekiso e e tlang,<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], pp. 57–58.</ref> go akaretsa le go "tshosediwa ka go kgaoganngwa le molekane le bana ka ntlha ya go rekisediwa mong o sele wa makgoba."<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFLester1997|Lester (1997)]], p. 53.</ref> Mofuta wa go ipolaya ga makgoba o barutegi ba fopholetsang gore o ka tswa o ne o le teng mme o o ka se ithutiweng bonolo ke "go ipolaya ga mong wa makgoba" (jaaka go ipolaya ga lepodise).<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 34.</ref> Makgoba a Yuropa a lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga a ne a tshegeditse ditumelo di le mmalwa tsa setso tsa gore ke merafe efe e e neng e ka ipolaya kgotsa e dirisa mekgwa mengwe go ipolaya.<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFPiersen1977|Piersen (1977)]], p. 152.</ref> Ba-Ibo ba Nigeria ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa gore ba ka ipolaya thata fa ba ka tsewa ka dikgoka go nna makgoba.<ref name=":2" /> Mary Gaffney, yo o neng a botsolodiwa mo Kokoanyong ya Dipolelo tsa Makgoba ya WPA, o ne a tlhalosa lekgoba le le neng la bolaya mosadi wa lone yo o imileng. Mong wa lekgoba o ne a mo tsenya "mo kgolegelong bosigo mme motshegare o ne a tshwanelwa ke go rwala dikeetane mo maotong a gagwe. O ne a sa tlhole a kgona go ya kwa mebinong epe kgotsa go nna le letsatsi le lengwe la mahala koo mo tshimong...ba ne ba mpolelela gore kgabagare o ne a tshwara thapo nngwe mme a ikaletsa pele ga kgololesego."<ref>Rawick, George P. (1979). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sFd3AAAAMAAJ The American Slave: Texas narratives]''. Greenwood Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-21423-3|978-0-313-21423-3]]</bdi>.</ref> Ipapatso ya go kopanngwa ga malwapa e e neng ya dirwa morago ga ntwa e ne e bata kitso ka ba lelwapa ba ba neng ba gasame ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kwa Missouri, mokwadi, a batla kgaitsadie yo o latlhegileng, o ne a ithaopela gore "Mmaarona o ne a ipolaya go ikaletsa."<ref>[https://informationwanted.org/items/show/1485 "Caroline Williams searching for her sister Francis Austin · Last Seen: Finding Family After Slavery"]. ''informationwanted.org''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref> == Polao ya masea le polao ya bana == == Go ikgaola ditokololo == == Metswedi == dqb87ktxlvoe2kzuv440u1lb4fbds52 40691 40689 2025-06-23T09:51:07Z KatieKea 10150 /* Polao ya masea le polao ya bana */ ke tsentse ditshwantsho#AWC2025 40691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Good Old Slavery Days, The Cambridge City Tribune, Cambridge City, Indiana, May 13, 1880.jpg|thumb|James King (1801–1885) wa Indiana<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evansville-journal-madison-ind-no/130124111/ "Madison, Ind., Nov. 7"]. ''The Evansville Journal''. November 11, 1885. p. 3. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref> o ne a bolela fa a ne a bona mogwebi wa makgoba a rekisa lesea le le tswang mo letsweleng la ga mmaalone kwa lefelong la go dira dikgong la sekepe sa mosi "letsatsi lengwe a tswa kwa Wheeling, Virginia", mme mosadi yo o ne a itatlhela mo Nokeng ya Ohio.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cambridge-city-tribune-good-old-slav/130123463/ "Good Old Slavery Days"]. ''The Cambridge City Tribune''. May 13, 1880. p. 1. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref>]] '''Go ipolaya, go bolaya masea le go ikgaola ditokololo ga makgoba kwa Amerika''' go ne ga kwalwa, le mororo e sa ntse e le karolo e e sa ithutiwang sentle ya bokgoba kwa United States. == Go ipolaya == Dipalopalo tsotlhe tsa go ipolaya ga makgoba a bantsho kwa Amerika go dumelwa gore di ne di le kwa tlase fa di bapisiwa, ka ntlha ya ditumelo tsa setso tse di tlwaelesegileng mo merafeng ya Aforika le ya Maaforika-Amerika.<ref name=":0">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. vii, 78–79.</ref> Aforika e na le seelo se se kwa tlase sa go ipolaya mo kontinenteng epe fela, mme seelo sa go ipolaya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Aforika ke karolwana ya sa Maamerika a a tswang mo Yuropa.<ref name=":0" /> Fa motho yo o dirilweng lekgoba a ne a swa ka go ipolaya, gantsi e ne e le ka ntlha ya "go senyega ga maemo a gagwe kgotsa tsholofelo e e sa diragadiwang."<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. vii.</ref> Babatlisisi ba fitlhetse gore jaaka molao, "fa makgoba a ne a tlhopha go ipolaya, mabaka a go dira jalo a ne a amana ka tlhamalalo le maemo a bone a botlhanka." <ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 8.</ref> Dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ba tlisitsweng kwa Dikoloning di le Lesometharo le kwa United States go ne go lebega di diragetse ka nako ya le ka bonako morago ga [[Tsela e e fa gare]].<ref name=":1">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 62.</ref> Selo se se gaufi se se bakileng go ipolaya mo e ne e le "kgobalo ya go nna mo botshwarong" e e neng ya felela ka "go tlhobaela le go ikgaola ditokololo kgotsa go tshwenyega thata mo maikutlong le go tlhoka ."<ref name=":2">[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFLester1997|Lester (1997)]], p. 52.</ref> Dipalopalo tsa go ipolaya mo bathong bano go lebega di ne di le kwa godimo go sekae mo banneng, ba ba neng ba le nosi kwantle ga ba bangwe go tswa mo setshabeng sa bone, le batho ba ba godileng.<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFPiersen1977|Piersen (1977)]], p. 151.</ref> "Palo e e sa lekalekaneng" ya dipolao tse di diragetseng morago ga go rekisiwa go lebega e ne e le batho ba ba neng ba le maloko a maemo a a kwa godimo mo merafeng ya bone kwa gae.<ref name=":1" /> Sekao sa se se ka bonwa mo pegong ya 1898 ya batho ba ba neng ba rekisiwa kwa Amerika e se ka fa molaong ka sekepe sa ''Wanderer'', se se neng se bolela gore palo ya bafalodi moragonyana ba ne ba ipolaya ka tumelo ya gore "fa ba ka tlolela mo lewatleng mme ba nwela ba ne ba tla rwalwa ba boela kwa Aforika ke meya e e molemo e e neng e bitsa Kgosi Miyengo, bana ba le babedi... gareng ga bone. Simon's beach, ka nako ya fa mohumagadi wa gagwe a ne a seyo, mme boraro jwa bone ba ne ba tlola go tswa mo lefikeng le le kwa godimo ba tsena mo moeleng o o bofefo mme ba nwela."<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-last-survivor-of-the/129812213/ "Last Survivor of the Owners of the Wanderer"]. ''The Atlanta Journal''. January 29, 1898. p. 12.</ref> Mo mokwalong mongwe, go ipolaya go go tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba bontsi e ne e le banna, mme go nwela e le mokgwa o o tlwaelesegileng thata. Se se bakileng go ipolaya se se tlhalosiwang mo dipolelong tsa makgoba e ne e le "kotlhao" ya nako e e fetileng kgotsa ya isago ka tirisodikgoka, go palelwa ke go tshaba, kgotsa thekiso e e tlang,<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], pp. 57–58.</ref> go akaretsa le go "tshosediwa ka go kgaoganngwa le molekane le bana ka ntlha ya go rekisediwa mong o sele wa makgoba."<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFLester1997|Lester (1997)]], p. 53.</ref> Mofuta wa go ipolaya ga makgoba o barutegi ba fopholetsang gore o ka tswa o ne o le teng mme o o ka se ithutiweng bonolo ke "go ipolaya ga mong wa makgoba" (jaaka go ipolaya ga lepodise).<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFKneeland2006|Kneeland (2006)]], p. 34.</ref> Makgoba a Yuropa a lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga a ne a tshegeditse ditumelo di le mmalwa tsa setso tsa gore ke merafe efe e e neng e ka ipolaya kgotsa e dirisa mekgwa mengwe go ipolaya.<ref>[[:en:Suicide,_infanticide,_and_self-mutilation_by_slaves_in_the_United_States#CITEREFPiersen1977|Piersen (1977)]], p. 152.</ref> Ba-Ibo ba Nigeria ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa gore ba ka ipolaya thata fa ba ka tsewa ka dikgoka go nna makgoba.<ref name=":2" /> Mary Gaffney, yo o neng a botsolodiwa mo Kokoanyong ya Dipolelo tsa Makgoba ya WPA, o ne a tlhalosa lekgoba le le neng la bolaya mosadi wa lone yo o imileng. Mong wa lekgoba o ne a mo tsenya "mo kgolegelong bosigo mme motshegare o ne a tshwanelwa ke go rwala dikeetane mo maotong a gagwe. O ne a sa tlhole a kgona go ya kwa mebinong epe kgotsa go nna le letsatsi le lengwe la mahala koo mo tshimong...ba ne ba mpolelela gore kgabagare o ne a tshwara thapo nngwe mme a ikaletsa pele ga kgololesego."<ref>Rawick, George P. (1979). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sFd3AAAAMAAJ The American Slave: Texas narratives]''. Greenwood Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-21423-3|978-0-313-21423-3]]</bdi>.</ref> Ipapatso ya go kopanngwa ga malwapa e e neng ya dirwa morago ga ntwa e ne e bata kitso ka ba lelwapa ba ba neng ba gasame ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kwa Missouri, mokwadi, a batla kgaitsadie yo o latlhegileng, o ne a ithaopela gore "Mmaarona o ne a ipolaya go ikaletsa."<ref>[https://informationwanted.org/items/show/1485 "Caroline Williams searching for her sister Francis Austin · Last Seen: Finding Family After Slavery"]. ''informationwanted.org''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref> == Polao ya masea le polao ya bana == [[Setshwantsho:Margaret Garner.jpg|thumb|Margaret Garner]] [[Setshwantsho:Hvd.ah3ivb-seq 39.jpg|thumb|Kgatiso ya kgetsi ya polao ya masea kwa Marion County, kwa Missouri mo tshimologong ya bo1830]] == Go ikgaola ditokololo == == Metswedi == jkgdq5sl68umxyw6k641ixxgn5wimlw 0 10669 40681 2025-06-23T08:55:40Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya segopotso sa makgoba 40681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Usa edcp relief location map.png|thumb|Mmepe o o supang kwa segopotsong sa makgoba se leng teng (kakanyetso)]] Segopotso sa makgoba sa lefatshe ke segopotso se se akanyeditsweng go supa tlotlo mo batswasetlhabelong ba bokgoba kwa United States. Se ne sa itsisiwe ka bokopano jwa palamente ka ngwaga wa 2003.<ref>Cho, Mark (March 9, 2003). "[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xh0xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9_0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6482,7378267&dq=national-slave-memorial&hl=en Pastor Wants Slave Memorial On DC Mall]". ''The Ledger (Lakeland, FL)''. The Washington Post Reprint. pp. A2. Retrieved May 23 June 2025.</ref> Motlhatlheleladithuto Ira Berlin o ne a supa fa segopotso se se akanyeditsweng se e le sekai sa kgatlhego e batho ba America ba santseng ba na le yone mo dintlheng le boswa bokgoba.<ref>Berlin, Ira (2004). "American Slavery in History and Memory and the Search for Social Justice". ''The Journal of American History''. '''90''' (4): 1251–1268, 1253. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://academic.oup.com/jah/article/90/4/1251/758393?login=true 10.2307/3660347]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3660347 3660347].</ref> Molao o ne wa seka wa amogelwa, mme khuduthamaga e ne ya ema nokeng go diriwa ga mabolokelo a ditso le ngwao ya batho ba ditso tsa African American,<ref>Hatch, John B. (2010). ''Race and Reconciliation: Redressing Wounds of Injustice'' (paperback ed.). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 11. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780739121535|<bdi>9780739121535</bdi>.]]</ref> a a neng a bulwa kwa marekisetsong ka ngwaga wa 2016. == Metswedi == 6p04h32nfwymc06bdl5ypnwwe8m446i 0 10670 40684 2025-06-23T09:14:26Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la kemiso ya bokgoba 40684 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Abolish child slavery.jpg|thumb|Emisang bokgoba jwa bana]] '''Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la kemiso ya bokgoba'''<ref>"[https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/un/international-day-abolish-slavery International Day for the Abolition of Slavery]". ''www.timeanddate.com''.</ref> ke tiragalo ya ngwaga le ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Morule a le malatsi a mabedi, le le rulagantsweng fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1986 ke lekgotla la [[United Nations General Assembly]]. Phuthego ya go fokodiwa ga thekiso ya batho le go tlontlololwa ka go gwebisiwa ka mebele ga ba bangwe<ref>Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "[https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/unga/1949/en/13691 Refworld - Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others]".</ref> e ne ya tlhomamisiwa ke lekgotla la United Nations General Assembly<ref>"[https://www.un.org/en/ga/about/index.shtml General Assembly of the United Nations]". ''www.un.org''.</ref> ka Morule a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 1949. Phuthego e e ne ya tlhomamisa le ngwaga wa mafatshefatshe wa go ikgopotsa tshotlego ya bokgoba le kemiso ya jone ka Morule a le lesome le boferabobedi ngwaga wa 2002. Lekgotla la United Nations le gatelela ntwa kgatlhanong le bokgoba e le bontlha jwa go ititaya sehuba mo ditshwanelo tsa setho, ba lemoga gore bokgoba jwa mofuta ofe fela, ke tlolo molao. Bokgoba jwa gompieno ke bothata jwa lefatshe ka kakaretso, bo bo amang bana ba feta sedikadike ba ba rekisiwang ngwaga le ngwaga go dira ditiro ka tlhwatlhwa ee kwa tlase kgotsa go dirisiwa botlhaswa mo tlhakanelong dikobo, ba emelana le maemo a pampiri ya ditshwanelo tsa setho ya lefatshe lotlhe e e reng "ga go na ope o o tla nnang mo bokgobeng kgotsa botlhanka."Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la kemiso ya bokgoba ke segopotso le pitso ya go tsaya kgato go emisa bokgoba ka mefuta ya jone yotlhe.<ref name=":0">"[https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/un/international-day-abolish-slavery International Day for the Abolition of Slavery 2024]". ''www.timeanddate.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nations, United. "[https://www.un.org/en/observances/slavery-abolition-day International Day for the Abolition of Slavery]". ''United Nations''. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Ditiragalo tsa letsatsi le di akaretsa go gatisa ditsebe, maboko, le maiphitlhelo go akantsha le go buisana, tshekatsheko ya mo borutelong ya kgwebo ya bokgoba le go fetoga ga yone, le dipuo ka baeteledipele ba polotiki ba gwetlha kgato go emisa bokgoba. Metswedi ya dikgang gantsi e tsenya dikgang, dipuisano, le diphuthego go tlotlomatsa kgang e, fa matsholo a go tsibosa batho a anamisa dintlha kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane le mafelo a mangwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == ot6t43k6zstln1yd3ywhdmy06qn2438 0 10671 40688 2025-06-23T09:36:22Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya Ngwaga wa mafatshefatshe wa batho ba ditso tsa Aforika 40688 wikitext text/x-wiki Lekgotla la [[United Nations General Assembly]] le tlhomile ngwaga wa 2011 go nna '''ngwaga wa mafatshefatshe wa batho ba ditso tsa Aforika''' (mo molaong wa United Nations wa A/RES/64/169)'''.'''<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/IntlYearPeopleAfricanDescent.aspx 2011 International Year for People of African Descent]", UNCHR,</ref> Ngwaga e o e ne e tshwaya gape ngwaga wa lesome wa bokopano jwa mafatshe kgatlhanong le kgethololo ya lotso le mmala (e e itsegeng gape jaaka Bokopano jwa Durban)<ref name=":0">"[https://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/#.VWcGgc9Viko History in dialogue on memories of the slave trade and slavery]", UNESCO, August 22, 2011.</ref>, bo bo neng jwa amogela molao o o neng o supa gore bokgoba ga mmogo le go tsaya taolo ya mafatshe mo go neng go bo tshegeditse, e ne ele melato kgatlhanong le setho.<ref>Gina Thésée and Paul R. Carr, "[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul_Carr/publication/265602678_The_2011_International_Year_for_People_of_African_Descent_(IYPAD)_The_paradox_of_colonized_invisibility_within_the_promise_of_mainstream_visibility/links/54165ad90cf2bb7347db47fb.pdf The 2011 International Year for People of African Descent (IYPAD): The paradox of colonized invisibility within the promise of mainstream visibility]", ''Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society'', Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 158–180.</ref> == Ditiragalo tse di tlhophilweng tse di tsamaelanang == Lekgotla la ditshwanelo tsa setho la United Nations le ne la rulaganya ditiragalo tsa ngwaga, la rotloetsa ba bangwe, makgotla a UN otlhe ka bobedi le mafatshe a e leng maloko, go dira ditiragalo tse di tshwanang.<ref>"[https://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/ Culture: 2011, International Year for People of African Descent]", UNESCO.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Di ne di akaretsa:<ref>"[https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/IYPADCalendarEvents.aspx Calendar of events]", 2011 International Year for People of African Descent, United Nations Human Rights.</ref> * Tlhakole: ditlhaketlhake jaaka makgabaganyo: go tshegetsa pharologanyo ya ngwao mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse dipotlana tse di santseng di tlhabologa.<ref>"[https://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/priority-areas/sids/single-view-small-island/news/just_published_islands_as_crossroads_sustaining_cultural_diversity_in_small_island_developing_states/#.VWcG2s9Viko Small Island Developing States: Just published: Islands as Crossroads - Sustaining Cultural Diversity in Small Island Developing States"], UNESCO.</ref> * Tlhakole 4 - 24: Ditshupo tsa botaki le poko ka motaki Hilda Zagaglia, Alta Garcia, kwa Argentina * Tlhakole 28 go tsena Mopitlo 3: Bokopano jwa komiti ya tsa maranyane ya porojeke ya ditsela tsa bokgoba ya UNESCO * Motsheganong 4 -11: Mokete wa ditshwantsho tsa batho bantsho, kwa Berlin Germany * Phatwe 23: Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la segopotso sa kgwebo ya makgoba le kemiso ya jone. ** [[Angola]]: Bokopano jwa makgoba a Angola kwa Netherlands, bo rulagantswe ke lekgotla la Eduardo dos Santos kwa Luanda ** [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]: Bokopano jwa katlego ya porojeke ya ditsela tsa bokgoba kwa DRC ka pego ya kgwebo ya makgoba, bokgoba le kgokgontsho kwa Democratic Republic of Congo (e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2010) ** Ghana: Bokopano jwa kgwebo ya makgoba jwa barutuntshi go tswa dikgaolong ste tharo tsa lefatshe, kwa Accra.<ref>"[https://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/23_august_teachers_from_three_regions_learn_lessons_about_the_slave_trade/#.VWevVs9Viko 23 August: Teachers from three regions learn lessons about the slave trade"], UNESCO.</ref> ** [[Madagascar]]: Go bontshiwa ga setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego sa Ditsela tsa bokgoba: ponelopele ya mafatshe kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Antananarivo ** [[Senegal]]: Dipuisano, ditshupo tsa botaki le disthwantsho, ditiragalo tsa ngwao le botaki kwa Gorée. ** Brazil-Africa: thulaganyo ya ditso tsa mafatshe kwa bokopanong jwa masome a mararo le borataro jwa UNESCO. ** Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mabedi go tsena Seetebosigo a le malatsi a masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2012 : Ditshupo tsa dinepe: "basadi mo Aforika - ga go na mmala, mmala o mongwe, kwa Nairobi, [[Kenya]] le mafelo a mangwe.<ref>International Itinerant Photographic Exhibition [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Events/IYPAD/c_stampa_WoMeninAfricaLMGilberti.pdf “WoMen in Africa – NO COLOR ONE COLOR”] by Ludovico Maria Gilberti, Fuoriserrone.</ref> == Metswedi == rfw5az47z4x2t86ckoidsldkebv8xik 0 10672 40695 2025-06-23T10:18:07Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1277442755|Temporary Slavery Commission]]" 40695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khomišene ya Bokgoba jwa Nakwana''' ( '''TSC''' ) e ne e le komiti ya Kgolagano ya Ditšhaba, e e neng ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1924 . '''Khomišene ya Bokgoba jwa Nakwana''' ( '''TSC''' ) e ne e le komiti ya Kgolagano ya Ditšhaba, e e neng ya tlhongwa ka 1924 . dc328pd2fs6mcddnxumn2f2vdmnph6g 0 10673 40696 2025-06-23T11:11:40Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya Bokgoba mo lekgolong la masome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga 40696 wikitext text/x-wiki Bokgoba jwa segompieno, nako tse dingwe bo itsege jaaka bokgoba jwa sešha kgotsa motlha wa sešha wa bokgoba, ke bokgoba jwa metheo bo bo tsweletseng ka go nna teng mo lekgolong la masome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga. Dikakanyetso tsa palo ya batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba di tswa kwa didkadikeng tse di masome a mararo le borobabobedi<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20100209072059/http://www.ilo.org/global/Themes/Forced_Labour/lang--en/index.htm Forced labour – Themes]". Ilo.org. Archived from [https://www.ilo.org/global/Themes/Forced_Labour/lang--en/index.htm the original] on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> go tsena ka didikadike tse di masome a mane le borobabongwe<ref>Kelly, Annie (1 June 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/01/46-million-people-living-as-slaves-latest-global-index-reveals-russell-crowe "46 million people living as slaves, latest global index reveals"]. [[:en:The_Guardian|''The Guardian''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180712025032/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/01/46-million-people-living-as-slaves-latest-global-index-reveals-russell-crowe Archived] from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"[https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/ What is modern slavery?]". ''[[:en:Anti-Slavery_International|Anti-Slavery International]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190430142552/https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://hopeforjustice.org/modern-slavery/ What is Modern Slavery? | Hope for Justice]". ''hopeforjustice.org''. 23 December 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504153017/https://hopeforjustice.org/modern-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref>, go ya ka mofuta o o dirisitsweng go dira kakanyetso le mofuta wa bokgoba o o dirisiwang.<ref>"[https://www.minderoo.org/404/ Walk Free]". ''The Minderoo Foundation''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190428150909/https://www.minderoo.com.au/walk-free/ Archived] from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Palo kakanyetso ya batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba e a ganeidwa, ka go sena mafoko a a tlhamaletseng a a rayang bokgoba jwa gompieno;<ref>Paz-Fuchs, Amir. "[https://www.modernlawreview.co.uk/september-2016/badges-of-modern-slavery/ Badges of Modern Slavery]". ''The Modern Law Review''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200719114929/https://www.modernlawreview.co.uk/september-2016/badges-of-modern-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> ba ba mo bokgobeng go dingalo go ba lemoga, dipalo tsa boammaruri gantsi ga di o. Lekgotla la tsa pereko la mafatshefatshe<ref>International Labour Organization (19 September 2017). [https://www.ilo.org/publications/global-estimates-modern-slavery-forced-labour-and-forced-marriage "Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage]". ''International Labour Organization''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191220204125/http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_575479/lang--en/index.htm Archived] from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref>, le akanyetsa gore go ya ka mafoko a a ba a dirisang, batho ba feta didikadike di le masome a mane ba mo bokgobeng jwa mofuta mongwe gompieno. Batho bangwe ba le didikadike tse di masome a mabedi le bone ba patelediwa go bereka, ba le didikadike di le lesome le borataro ba a tsuulolwa mo mohameng o o ikemetseng jaaka wa tiro ya mo gae, kago kana temothuo<ref name=":1">[https://www.ilo.org/topics-and-sectors/forced-labour-modern-slavery-and-trafficking-persons "Forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking (Forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking)"]. ''www.ilo.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422021606/http://www2.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/lang--en/index.htm Archived] from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref>, didikadike di le nne ba tsuulolwa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, didikadike di le nne tsa batho ba mo perekong e e patelediwang ke baeteledipele ba mafatshe.<ref name=":1" /> Palo e nngwe ya didikadike di le lesome le botlhano ba mo manyalong a a pateleditsweng. == Tlhaloso == [[Setshwantsho:Maps Global Slavery Index 2024.svg|thumb|Go anama ga bokgoba jwa sešha, ka mafatshe, go ya ka Global Slavery Index]] Ofisi e e elang tlhoko e bo e emisa thekiso ya batho e e leng lephatana la lephata la mafatshe la United States, la re "bokgoba jwa sešha", "thekiso mo bathong", le "thekiso ya batho" di dirisitswe e le mafoko a a rayang go thapa, go baya batho mo lefelong, go tsamaisa batho, go tsaya motho o mmerekisa kgotsa go gwebisa motho ka mmele o dirisa dikgoka, tsietso kgotsa go mo pateletsa". Ntle le tse, mafoko a mangwe a dirisiwa kwa pusong ya United States, molao wa 2000 wa batswasetlhabelo ba thekiso ya batho le tshireletso ya kgokgontsho, le molao wa go thibela, go fokotsa le go otlhaya thekiso mo bathong, bogolo jang bana le basadi, go akaretsa go bereka o patelediwa, bokgoba kgotsa ditiro tse di tshwanang le bokgoba, go patelediwa go adima madi le tiro e e pateleditsweng.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/what "What is Modern Slavery?]". ''Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons''. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_State|United States Department of State]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220418023959/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/what/index.htm Archived] from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Go ya ka motlhatlhelelladithuto wa kwa America Kevin Bales, mosimolodi le tautona wa pele wa lekgotla le eseng la puso le setlhopha se se buelelang makgoba sa "gololang makgoba" (Free the slaves), are ke bokgoba jwa sešha bo bo diragalang fa motho a le mo taolong ya motho o mongwe o o dirisang dikgoka le kgokgontsho go nna a le mo taolong, mme maikaelelo a taolo eo e le go tsuulola."<ref name=":2">Maral Noshad Sharifi (8 June 2016). [https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2016/06/08/er-zijn-458-miljoen-moderne-slaven-1625640-a1507929 "Er zijn 45,8 miljoen moderne slaven"] [There are 45.8 million modern slaves]. ''[[:en:NRC_(newspaper)|NRC Handelsblad]]'' (in Dutch). [https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014406/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2016/06/08/er-zijn-458-miljoen-moderne-slaven-1625640-a1507929 Archived] from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Ditlamorago tsa bokgoba di oketsega fa di itebagantse le ditlhopha tse di bokoa jaaka bana. Go ya ka tlhaloso e, patlisiso ya kwa lekgotleng la Walk Free e e ikaegileng ka dipalo tsa bokgoba tsa 2018 e ne e akanyetsa fa go na le makgoba a ka nna didikadike di le masome a mane mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":2" /> <ref>Fudge, Judy (Fall 2018). "Slavery and Unfree Labour: The Politics of Naming, Framing, and Blaming". ''Labour''.</ref> Mo kakanyetsong e nngwe, e e supang fa palo e ka nna didikadike di le lesome le boraro, e akanyetsa fa didikadike di le lesome le bobedi tsa makgoba a a sešha e le bana.<ref name=":0" /> Bales o ne a tlhagisa gore ka bokgoba bo emisitswe gongwe le gongwe, tiragalo e e tlola molao, ebile e fitlhelwa batho le baeteledipele. Se se dira gore go nne dingalo go bona dipalo tse di rurifaditsweng mo metsweding ya nnete. Se se ka dirwang ke go akanyetsa go ya ka metswedi ya bobedi, jaaka ditlhotlhomiso tsa UN, ditsebe tsa metswedi ya dikgang, dipego tsa puso, le dipalo go tswa mo makgotleng a a ikemetseng.<ref name=":2" /> Bokgoba jwa sešha bo tsweletse ka ntlha ya mabaka a a tshwanang le a pele: ke tiragalo e e nang le dipoelo mo beng ba makgoba, le ntswa go na le matshwenyego a boitsholo. Bothata bo bo kgonne go golela pele mo dingwageng tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya go latlhiwa ga makgoba le gore tlhwatlhwa ya makgoba e wetse tlase thata.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20191024084041/http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/07/cost-of-slaves-falls-to-historic-low/ Cost of slaves falls to historic low]". ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]] Freedom Project''. CNN. 7 March 2011. Archived from [http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/07/cost-of-slaves-falls-to-historic-low/ the original] on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref> == Se se bakang == Fa e sale bokgoba bo ilediwa, go dira batho makgoba ga go sa tlhole go ikaegile ka go rua motho semmuso, mme ka go laola e se ka fa molaong. Diphetogo tse pedi ke go tswa mo go rekeng makgoba a pereko le go nna teng ga makgoba mo phirong, Fa palo e supa fa marekisetso a go tlontlolola motho mo perekong a phophoma, kgang ya gore batho ba rekisiwa ebile ba rekiwa golo go le gongwe, e siilwe ke nako. Fa ditheko tseo di santse di le teng, mo sešheng batho ba iphitlhela ba le mo diemong tse di tshwanang le tsa bokgoba ka ditsela tse di farologaneng.<ref>Nolan, Justine; Boersma, Martijn (September 2019). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3humDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y Addressing Modern Slaver]y (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2019)''. University of New South Wales Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781742244631|9781742244631]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028025858/https://books.google.com/books?id=3humDwAAQBAJ Archived] from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020</ref> Bokgoba jwa sešha bo bonwa e le ntlha e nngwe ya lehuma. Mo mafatsheng a a senang thuto le molao, popego ya setšhaba e e bokoa e ka dira tikologo e e rotloetsang kamogelo le kanamo ya bokgoba. Bokgoba bo bontsi mo mafatsheng a a sotlegang le a a nang le palo potlana ya merafe e e bokoa, le ntswa bo le teng le mo mafatsheng a a a tlhabologileng. Dikete di le masome tsa batho ba bereka mo diemong tse di tshwanang le tsa bokgoba mo mehameng ya meepo, temothuo le madirelo, ba dira dithoto gore di dirisiwe mo magaeng kgotsa di rekisidiwe kwa ntle kwa mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng.<ref>"[https://www.cfr.org/modern-slavery#!/section1/item-1 Modern Slavery: Its Root Causes and the Human Toll]". ''Council on Foreign Relations''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190421211352/https://www.cfr.org/interactives/modern-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Mo mofuteng wa pele wa bokgoba, beng ba makgoba ba ne ba dirisa madi a mantsi mo go rekeng makgoba. Go ne go le thataa go ba latlha fela. Tlhwatlhwa ya go dira gore ba nne le botsogo jo bo siameng e ne e bonwa e le go boloka madi go na le go reka lekgoba le lenwge go emelela leo. Mo bokgobeng jwa sešha, go motlhofo go bona batho ba bangwe ka tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase, ka jalo go ba emeltsa ka ba bangwe go nna motlhofo. Makgoba a dirisiwa mo mafelong a ba ka fitlhiwang motlhofo kwa go one mme ba tsweletse ba direla mong wa bone dipoelo. Bokgoba jwa sešha bo kgona go nna le dipoelo,<ref>Siddarth Kara, ''Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)</ref> makgotla mangwe a letlelela se, ntswa se ilediwa ke ditumalano di tshwana le bokopano jwa tlaleletso jwa kemiso ya bokgoba le melao ya mo gae. Dipoelo tsotlhe tsa ngwaga mo thekisong ya batho di akanyeditswe ka ngwaga wa 2014 fa di feta di bilione di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano a di dolara,<ref>"[https://humanrightsfirst.org/resource/human-trafficking-numbers Human Trafficking Numbers]". ''Human Rights First''. 7 December 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190507064607/https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/resource/human-trafficking-numbers Archived] from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> le ntswa dipoelo di le kwa tlase. Makgoba a kwa America ka ngwaga wa 1809 a ne a rekisiwa ka selekanyo sa dikete di le masome mane a di dolara mo mading a gompieno.<ref>"[https://freetheslaves.net/slavery-today-2/ Slavery Today]". ''Free The Slaves''. 19 May 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180918033125/https://www.freetheslaves.net/our-model-for-freedom/slavery-today/ Archived] from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Gompieno lekgoba le kgona go rekwa ka di dolara di le masome a ferabongwe go ya kwa lekgolong.<ref>Batha, Emma (16 November 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-slavery-conference-lives-idUSKBN1DG2O4/ "How much is a life worth, ask activists fighting slavery?"]. ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422142812/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-slavery-conference-lives-idUSKBN1DG2O4 Archived] from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Bales o tlhalosa gore, mo bokgobeng jwa sešha, "se ke tlolo molao wa itsholelo...batho ga ba dire ba bangwe makgoba go nna setlhogo mo go bone; ba dira jalo go dira dipoelo".<ref>Bales, Kevin (March 2010). "[https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_bales Kevin Bales | Speaker | TED]". ''www.ted.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220418023959/https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_bales Archived] from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> == Mefuta == === Bokgoba jwa lotso le jwa dithoto === Bokgoba jwa lotso, bo gape bo bidiwang jwa dithoto, ke mofuta o gantsi o amangwang le lefoko "bokgoba". Mo bokgobeng jwa dithoto, motho o dirilweng lekgoba o bonwa e le thoto ya mongwe o sele, ebile o ka rekwa kgotsa a rekisiwa. Go tswa mo ditsong mo motho o o fentsweng a dirwa lekgoba, jaaka kwa bogosing jwa Roma le jwa Ottoman, kgotsa mo go rekiseng makoba, jaaka kwa Sahara kgotsa kwa kgwebong ya makgoba ya Atlantic.<ref>"[https://liluye.org/human-trafficking-is-it-a-crime/ Human Trafficking]". ''Liluye | by and for people with Great Spirit''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422142823/https://liluye.org/human-trafficking/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Fa e sale ka ntwa ya ngwaga wa 2014 kwa Lybia, le go tlhofofadiwa ga molao le taolo, go nnile le dipego tsa batswakwa ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba rekisiwa mo pontsheng, go akaretsa marekisetso a makgoba mo lefatsheng leo.<ref>Graham-Harrison, Emma (10 April 2017). "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/10/libya-public-slave-auctions-un-migration Migrants from west Africa being 'sold in Libyan slave markets]'". ''the Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190520144206/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/10/libya-public-slave-auctions-un-migration Archived] from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Lefatshe la Mauritania le na le ditso tsa bogologolo tsa bokgoba. Bokgoba jwa dithoto bo ne jwa diriwa tlolo molao semmuso kwa lefatsheng leo mme melao e e kgatlhanong le jone, ga e dirisiwe. Go akanyediwa gore batho ba le dikete di le masome a ferabongwe (bobedi mo lekgolong la batho ba Mauritania) ke makgoba.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210422142812/https://www.voanews.com/africa/unshackled-yet-far-free-former-slaves-struggle-mauritania Unshackled Yet Far From Free, Former Slaves Struggle in Mauritania]". ''Voice of America''. [https://www.voanews.com/africa/unshackled-yet-far-free-former-slaves-struggle-mauritania Archived] from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Go patelediwa go tsaya sekoloto le gone go kgona go fetisediwa kwa dikokomaneng, jaaka bokgoba jwa dithoto. Ba ba kaletseng mo bokgobeng jwa tlhakanelo dikobo mo lefatsheng la gompieno, ba felela e nna dithoto, bogolo jang fa ba patelediwa go gweba ka mebele. === Tiro e e patelediwang ke puso === Tiro e e patelediwang ke puso, e tlhalosiwa ke lekgotla la tsa pereko la mafatshefatshe e le diemo tse batho ba patelediwang go bereka ka tiriso ya dikgoka kgotsa go tshosediwa, kgotsa go kokotletsa sekoloto, go baya dipampiri tsa tshupo ya motho kgotsa matshosetsi a go tshwarisiwa<ref>"[https://www.ilo.org/resource/article/meanings-forced-labour The Meanings of Forced Labour]". ''International Labour Organization''. 10 March 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190328110820/http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/news/WCMS_237569/lang--en/index.htm Archived] from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref>. * Kwa Eritrea, palo kakanyetso ya dikete di le makgolo a mararo go tsena ka makgolo a mane a batho ba mo thulaganyong ya tirelo ya sesole e e lekanang le bokgoba jwa palo e ntsi ya batho, go ya ka batlhotlhomisi ba kwa UN. Pego ya bone e fitlhetse gape go na le bokgoba jwa tlhakanelo dikobo le pereko e e patelediwang.<ref>"[https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/un-eritrea-slavery-human-rights-1.3621631 As many as 400,000 enslaved in Eritrea, UN estimates]". ''CBC News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124004004/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/un-eritrea-slavery-human-rights-1.3621631 Archived] from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> * Kwa bokone jwa Korea, puso e pateletsa batho ba le bantsi go berekela lefatshe, mo teng le kwa ntle ga North Korea, dingwaga di le dinsti. palo ya ngwaga wa 2018 ya makgoba e akanyetsa fa didikadike tse pedi tsa batho e ne e le makgoba kwa lefatsheng leo. <ref>"[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/19/north-korea-has-2-6-million-modern-slaves-new-report-estimates/ North Korea has 2.6 million 'modern slaves', new report estimates]". ''Washington Post''. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/19/north-korea-has-2-6-million-modern-slaves-new-report-estimates/ Archived] from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Tlhwatlhwa ya tiro yotlhe e e dirilweng ke batho ba North Korea ba direla puso e akanyediwa e ka nna di dolara tsaa America di le didikadike di le makgolo a ferabongwe, amsoema asupa le botlhano, ka babereki ba bašha ba patelediwa go dira ditiro tse di kotsi tsa kago, basadi le basetsana ba patelediwa go dira diaparo kwa mabentleleng a a sa siamang. Babereki ba gantsi ga ba duelwe.<ref name=":3">Borowiec, Steven (6 October 2016). [https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-north-korea-forced-labor-20161006-snap-story.html "North Koreans perform $975 million worth of forced labor each year]". ''Los Angeles Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191020054319/https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-north-korea-forced-labor-20161006-snap-story.html Archived] from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Fa godimo ga moo, sesole sa kwa North Korea sa masole a le sedikadike, se berekisiwa mo dikagong tse di sa tsamaelaneng le go sireletsa, di akaretsa matlo a babusi. <ref name=":3" /> Puso e nnile le babereki ba ka nna dikete tse di lekgolo kwa mafatsheng a sele.<ref>Yoon, Dasl (20 December 2019). "[https://www.wsj.com/articles/north-korean-workers-flock-home-as-sanctions-deadline-hits-11576837803 North Korean Workers Flock Home as Sanctions Deadline Hits".] ''Wall Street Journal''. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660 ISSN] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660 0099-9660]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191221152605/https://www.wsj.com/articles/north-korean-workers-flock-home-as-sanctions-deadline-hits-11576837803 Archived] from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref> * Kwa Uzbekistan, sekai, puso e pateletsa baithuti le babereki ba puso go roba setlhatshana sa letsela, se e leng sone boremelelo jwa thekiso ya lefatshe leo, ngwaga le ngwaga, ba ba pateletsa go tlogela ditiro tsa bone tse dingwe.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190226121827/https://www.antislavery.org/take-action/campaigns/end-uzbek-cotton-crimes/ End Uzbek Cotton Crimes]". ''Anti-Slavery International''. Archived from [https://www.antislavery.org/take-action/campaigns/end-uzbek-cotton-crimes/ the original] on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> Mo sekaing se, tiriso ya baithuti go akarediwa ba dikolo tse dipotlana, tse di fa gare, le tse dikgolwane, go raya gore pereko ya bana e kwa godimo.<ref>Bhat, Bilal Ahmad (1 May 2011). "Socioeconomic Dimensions of Child Labor in Central Asia". ''Problems of Economic Transition''. '''54''' (1): 84–99. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2753/PET1061-1991540108 10.2753/pet1061-1991540108]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1061-1991 1061-1991]. S2CID [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1061-1991 153335200.]</ref> Puso ya kwa Uzbekistan e berekile go fokotsa pereko e e pateleditsweng mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2022, go gana go reka letsela kwa Uzbekistan go nega ema, ka dipego tsa gore tiro ya pateletso e emisitswe.<ref>Imamova, Navbahor (11 May 2022). [https://www.voanews.com/a/uzbek-cotton-industry-greets-end-of-13-year-global-boycott-/6568054.html "Uzbek Cotton Industry Greets End of 13-Year Global Boycott".] VOA News. [https://www.voanews.com/a/uzbek-cotton-industry-greets-end-of-13-year-global-boycott-/6568054.html Archived] from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref>Putz, Catherine (10 March 2022). [https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/uzbek-cotton-free-systemic-child-labour-and-forced-labour "The Boycott of Uzbek Cotton is Over"]. The Diplomat. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207083928/http://ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_838396/lang--en/index.htm Archived] from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/uzbek-cotton-free-systemic-child-labour-and-forced-labour Uzbek cotton is free from systemic child labour and forced labour]". ''International Labor Organization''. March 2022. [https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/uzbek-cotton-free-systemic-child-labour-and-forced-labour Archived] from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == 9jh0sxfiy1h4g1jobeaeq5tez9hr1zh 0 10674 40701 2025-06-23T11:46:07Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e le go tsenya ditshwantsho le metswedi #AWC2025 40701 wikitext text/x-wiki Basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba solofetswe go oketsa batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, se se neng sa dira gore basadi ba tsuologele tebelelo eno ka go dirisa dithibelapelegi le go senya mpa. Gape go ne go bolawa masea e le tsela ya go sireletsa bana gore ba se ka ba nna makgoba kgotsa gore ba se ka ba boela kwa bokgobeng. == Go sotlwa mo mmeleng le mo thobalanong == Dikakanyo tse di dikologileng maatla a mmele le go tsala ga basadi ba Maaforika di ne di dirisiwa go dirisa basadi ba Maaforika botlhaswa mo nakong yotlhe ya go dira makgoba. Le fa basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba lebeletswe go dira tiro ya diatla e e lekanang le ya banna ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba le bone ba ne ba lebeletswe go dira tiro ya go tsala. Mo lekgobeng, go ne go le mosola thata go tlhagisa batho ba gagwe ba ba dirilweng makgoba go na le go reka batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba.<ref name=":0">Jennings, Thelma (1990). ""Us Colored Women Had to Go Though A Plenty": Sexual Exploitation of African-American Slave Women". ''Journal of Women's History''. '''1''' (3): 45–74. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1353/jowh.2010.0050|10.1353/jowh.2010.0050]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1527-2036 1527-2036]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145310907 145310907]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2025.</ref> Keletso eno ya go bona dipoelo le go oketsega ga bogolo jwa lefatshe e ne ya dira gore go patelediwe go tsadisa makgoba, e ka tswa e le le banna ba bangwe ba ba dirilweng makgoba kgotsa makgoba a bone. Fa basadi bangwe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba kgona go tlhopha balekane ba bone ba banna, ba bangwe ba ne ba ganediwa kgololesego ya go itlhophela mme ba patelediwa ke molekane wa monna. E ka tswa molekane wa monna a ne a tlhophilwe ke basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kgotsa nnyaa, go ne go santse go solofetswe gore a tshole bana ba le bantsi ka fa go ka kgonegang ka teng gore a kgone go oketsa dipoelo tsa lekgoba la bona.<ref name=":0" /> Makgoba mangwe gape a ne a ntsha dituelo tsa go nna le bana ba bangwe gore ba kgothaletse basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba go nna le bana, mme seno se ne se oketsa dipoelo tsa makgoba a bone.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ntlha ya seo, ka dinako tse dingwe go tsuologa ga basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba go ne go nna ka tsela ya go dira kgatlhanong le ditsholofelo tseno. == Thibelo pelegi == [[Setshwantsho:Caesalpinia pulcherrima - Peacock Flower.jpg|thumb|Caesalpinia pulcherrima, se se itsegeng gape jaaka "sethunya sa phikoko", se ne se dirisiwa go senya mpa.]] Go thibela pelegi e ne e le tiro ya botsuolodi ka gonne go ne go sutisa maatla le taolo go tswa mo go yo o dirileng makgoba go ya kwa go yo o dirileng makgoba. E re ka basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba solofetswe go tshegetsa batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba dirisa mekgwa e e farologaneng go nyatsa tebelelo eno. Go senya mpa le dithibelapelegi le tsone di ne di bonwa e le tsela ya gore basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba kgone go itlhophela mebele ya bone ka go letla basadi go laola bokgoni jwa bone jwa go imisa. Sethunya sa pikoko le modi wa letseta e ne e le dimela tse di neng di ka dirisiwa jaaka dipilisi tsa go senya mpa. Tiriso ya modi wa letseta e ne e tlwaelegile, ka banna ba bangwe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba tshwenyega ka palo ya bona ka ntlha ya tiriso e e kwa godimo ya modi wa letseta. Mo bukeng ya ga Maria Merian ya Phetogo ya Ditshenekegi tsa Surinam, o ne a kwala gore basadi ba naga eo ba ne ba dirisa semela seno go dira gore batho ba senye mpa. Kwa United States le kwa Caribbean, basadi ba naga eo le ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba ile ba dirisa sethunya sa pikoko go senya boimana. Ka go nwa dithibelapelegi le dipilisi tsa go senya mpa, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba gana makgoba taolo mo mebeleng ya bone; ka go tlhoka bana, basadi ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba lekanyetsa dipoelo tse makgoba a neng a ka di bona mo mebeleng ya bone. == Polao ya masea == [[Setshwantsho:Margaret Garner.jpg|thumb|Margaret Garner jaaka a bontshitswe mo Harper's Weekly ka 1867.]] Go bolaya masea e ne e le tiro ya botsuolodi ka gonne go ne go letla basadi ba ba dirilweng makgoba go thibela gore bana ba bone ba se ka ba dirwa makgoba. Ka ntlha ya partus sequitur ventrum, molawana wa gore ngwana o rua maemo a ga mmaagwe, ngwana mongwe le mongwe yo o tsholwang ke mosadi yo o dirileng lekgoba o ne a tla tsholwa e le lekgoba, e le karolo ya thoto ya lekgoba. Ka ntlha ya kgopolo e, basadi bangwe ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba tshwarwa fa gare ga go batla bana ba bona ba tshela le ba ba suleng. Seno se ne sa dira gore basadi bangwe ba bolaye masea go sireletsa bana ba bone mo botshelong jwa bokgoba. Nngwe ya dikgetsi tse di tlhomologileng thata tsa go bolaya masea ke ya ga Margaret Garner. Fa a ntse a tshabela kwa bokone le monna wa gagwe le bana ba bone ba le bane, ba lelapa la ga Garner ba ne ba tshwarwa kwa go lengwe la matlo a ba neng ba iphitlhile mo go one. Le fa Garner a ne a rulagantse go bolaya bana ba gagwe mme morago ga moo a bolaya ene ka boene, o ne a kgona go bolaya mongwe wa barwadie mme a gobatsa ba bangwe fa batlhankedi ba sesole ba ne ba tsena mo ntlong ba batla lelapa la ga Garner. Garner o ne a sekisiwa mme a latofadiwa ka tshenyo ya dithoto. Bana ba gagwe ba ba setseng, monna wa gagwe le ene ba ne ba busediwa kwa go morwarraagwe lekgoba kwa Louisiana. Harriet Jacobs, mosadi yo o kileng a bo a le lekgoba yo o neng a kwala ka maitemogelo a gagwe, le ene o ne a nna le maitemogelo a a utlwisang botlhoko a go nna mmè. Mo bukeng ya gagwe, Ditiragalo mo Botshelong jwa Mosetsana wa Lekgoba, Jacobs o tlhalositse ka fao mong wa gagwe a neng a tshosetsa ka teng go mo tseela bana ba gagwe fa a ne a sa ikobele dikgatelelo tsa gagwe tsa thobalano. == Metswedi == n8mhfufeony2q1jhmgjz1usuz6ieppl