Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.7 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 10706 40877 40867 2025-06-28T18:59:03Z KatieKea 10150 /* Tshimologo */ ke feditse go ranola karolo e le go tsenya metswedi #AWC2025 40877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Official medallion of the British Anti-Slavery Society (1795).jpg|thumb|1787 Seetsele sa Wedgwood o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba o o tlhamilweng ke Josiah Wedgwood wa letsholo la Borithane la go lwantsha bokgoba]] '''Go fedisa bokgoba kwa United Kingdom''' e ne e le mokgatlho kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi le tshimologo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesome le boferabongwe go fedisa mokgwa wa bokgoba, e ka tswa e le wa semmuso kgotsa o o sa tlhomamang, kwa United Kingdom, Mmusomogolo wa Borithane le lefatshe, go akaretsa le go fedisa [[Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230318184523/https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/abolition-of-the-slave-trade-and-slavery-in-britain "Abolition of the slave trade and slavery in Britain"]. The British Library. Archived from [https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/abolition-of-the-slave-trade-and-slavery-in-britain the original] on 18 March 2023. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230318190639/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-slavery-idUSL1561464920070322 "Chronology – Who banned slavery when?"]. ''[[:en:Reuters|Reuters]]''. Archived from [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-slavery-idUSL1561464920070322 the original] on 18 March 2023. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230314175736/https://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/media/2059/timeline_of_events-15926.pdf "Timeline of Events Leading up to the Abolition of the Slave Trade"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/media/2059/timeline_of_events-15926.pdf the original] (PDF) on 14 March 2023. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref> E ne e le karolo ya mokgatlho o o anameng wa [[Go Fedisa bokgoba|go]] [[Go Fedisa bokgoba|fedisa bokgoba]] kwa Yuropa Bophirima le kwa Amerika. Kgwebisano ya makgoba e ne ya dirwa e e seng kafa molaong go ralala Mmusomogolo wa Borithane ka 1937, mme Nigeria le Bahrain e ne e le dikgaolo tsa bofelo tsa Borithane go fedisa bokgoba.<ref>Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia (2018-07-15). [https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader "My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader"]. ''The New Yorker''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X 0028-792X].</ref><ref>[https://search.worldcat.org/title/256735611 "The abolition of the slave trade in southeastern Nigeria, 1885-1950 | WorldCat.org"]. ''search.worldcat.org''.</ref><ref>Northrup, David (September 2007). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/a-e-afigbo-the-abolition-of-the-slave-trade-in-southeastern-nigeria-18851950-rochester-university-of-rochester-press-2006-rochester-studies-in-african-history-and-the-diaspora-xv-210-pp-maps-appendixes-bibliography-index-7500-cloth/7279CB1095BDD89AD84EACAA5AAA42CC "A. E. Afigbo. The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria. 1885-1950. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2006. Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora. xv + 210 pp. Maps. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. $75.00. Cloth"]. ''African Studies Review''. '''50''' (2): 228–229. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1353/arw.2007.0116|10.1353/arw.2007.0116]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0206 0002-0206].</ref><ref>Miers, Suzanne (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zZk9Y-HTQzcC&q=1926+Slavery+Convention Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem]''. Rowman Altamira. pp. 265–67. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0340-5|978-0-7591-0340-5]]</bdi>.</ref> == Tshimologo == Mo lekgolong la bolesome le bosupa le mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, Ba-Quaker ba Baesemane le ditlhopha di le mmalwa tsa bodumedi jwa boefangele ba ne ba kgala bokgoba (ka nako eo bo ne bo dirisiwa thata mo Baaforika) ba re ga se jwa Bokeresete. Batlhalefi ba le mmalwa ba lefatshe ba Sedimo ba ne ba e kgala ka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa motho.<ref>Matthew Wyman-McCarthy, "British abolitionism and global empire in the late 18th century: A historiographic overview." ''History Compass'' 16.10 (2018) .</ref> James Edward Oglethorpe e ne e le ene wa ntlha go tsaya kgato mo kgetsing ya Sedimo kgatlhanong le bokgoba ka mabaka a setho. Mo "Tekong ya gagwe ya Georgia" o ne a dira gore Palamente e thibele bokgoba mo kgaolong ya gagwe ya Georgia go tloga ka 1735. Le fa go ntse jalo, bokgoba bo ne jwa busediwa ka 1751. Gape o ne a rotloetsa ditsala tsa gagwe Granville Sharp le Hannah More go latelela tiro eno ka maatla. Ka bonako morago ga loso lwa gagwe ka 1785, ba ne ba kopanela le [[William Wilberforce]] le ba bangwe go bopa Lekoko la Clapham.<ref>Wilson, Thomas D (2012). ''The Oglethorpe Plan: Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond''. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. pp. 201–206. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813932903|9780813932903]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/907676628 907676628].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Title page lecture on slavery.jpg|thumb|Tsebe ya setlhogo sa thuto e e gatisitsweng kgatlhanong le bokgoba ka Joseph Ivimey]] Kgwebo ya bokgoba e ne e thibetswe kwa Enyelane ka 1102, ke Lekgotla la Kereke la Lontone, le le neng le biditswe ke Anselm. Le fa go ntse jalo, lekgotla le ne le sena dithata tsa go dira melao, ntle le fa le laotswe le go saeniwa ke kgosi.<ref>[https://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/the-viking-slave-trade-entrepreneurs-or-heathen-slavers/ "The Viking slave trade: entrepreneurs or heathen slavers?"]. ''History Ireland''. 2013-03-05</ref> Mo Kgetsing ya ga Cartwright ya 1569 malebang le go otlhaiwa ga lekgoba le le tswang kwa Russia, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya atlhola gore molao wa Seesemane o ne o ka se amogele bokgoba, ka gonne ga bo ise bo ko bo tlhomiwe semmuso. Katlholo eno e ne ya fetwa ke ditiragalo tsa moragonyana. E ne ya tshegediwa ka 1700 ke Moatlhodimogolo Sir John Holt fa a ne a atlhola gore "Fela fa motho a baya leoto mo lefatsheng la Seesemane o gololesegile".<ref>Mtubani, V. C. D. (1981). [http://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula003002/pula003002007.pdf "African Slaves and English Law"] (PDF). ''Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies''. '''3''' (2): 71–75. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-2316 0256-2316].</ref> Bakoloni ba Maesemane ba ne ba tlisa makgoba kwa dikoloning tsa Amerika Bokone mme ka ngwagakgolo wa bolesome le boferabobedi, bagwebi ba ne ba simolola go tlisa makgoba go tswa kwa Aforika, India le Asia Botlhaba (kwa ba neng ba gweba teng) go ya kwa London le Edinburgh go ya go dira jaaka batlhanka. Banna ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa dikoloning tsa Amerika Bokone gantsi ba ne ba tsamaya le makgoba kgotsa batlhanka ba bone ba Baindia Botlhaba, jaaka Baindia Botlhaba ba kwadilwe mo direkotong tsa bokolone.<ref>Heinegg, Paul. [http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ "Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware"]. www.freeafricanamericans.com. Retrieved 2019-08-09., "Weaver Family: Three members of the Weaver family, probably brothers, were called "East Indians" in Lancaster County, [VA] [court records] between 1707 and 1711."; "'The indenture of Indians (Native Americans) as servants was not common in Maryland ... the indenture of East Indian servants was more common.", e nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref><ref>Francis C. Assisi, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515191635/http://www.indolink.com/Analysis/a121403-021037.php "First Indian-American Identified: Mary Fisher, Born 1680 in Maryland"]^{[''[[:en:Wikipedia:Link_rot/Usurpations|usurped]]'']}, IndoLink, Quote: "Documents available from American archival sources of the colonial period now confirm the presence of indentured servants or slaves who were brought from the Indian subcontinent, via England, to work for their European American masters.", e nopotswe Seetebo</ref> David Olusoga o ne a kwala jaana ka phetogo ya lewatle e e neng e diragetse:<blockquote>Go tlhaloganya ka botlalo ka fao go tlhatloga ga go fedisa bokgoba ga Borithane go neng go gakgamatsa ka teng, jaaka mokgatlho wa sepolotiki le jaaka maikutlo a a tlwaelegileng, go botlhokwa go gakologelwa ka fao mantswe a le mmalwa a neng a tlhatlosiwa kgatlhanong le bokgoba kwa Borithane go fitlha ka kotara ya bofelo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesomerobedi.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uijbCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA201 Black and British: A Forgotten History]''</ref></blockquote>Dingwe tsa dikgetsi tsa ntlha tsa kgololesego, dikgetsi tsa kgotlatshekelo kwa Borithane go gwetlha gore a bokgoba bo kafa molaong, di ne tsa diragala kwa Scotland ka 1755 le 1769. Dikgetsi tseno e ne e le ''Montgomery kgatlhanong le Sheddan'' (1755) le ''Spens kgatlhanong le Dalrymple'' (1769). Mongwe le mongwe wa makgoba o ne a kolobeditswe kwa Scotland mme a gwetlha gore a bokgoba bo kafa molaong. Ba ne ba tlhoma sekao sa tsamaiso ya semolao kwa dikgotlatshekelong tsa Borithane e moragonyana e neng e tla dira gore basekisi ba atlege. Mo dikgetseng tse, dintsho tsa mongongoregi le mosekisiwa, ka go latelana, di ne tsa fedisa kgato pele ga tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo e ka ntshiwa.<ref name=":0">[http://www.nas.gov.uk/about/071022.asp "Slavery, freedom or perpetual servitude? – the Joseph Knight case"]. [[:en:National_Archives_of_Scotland|National Archives of Scotland]]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Dido Elizabeth Belle.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ga Dido Elizabeth Belle le Mme Elizabeth Murray, ditlogolo tsa ga Moatlhodimogolo Lord Mansfield ba ba nnang kwa Ntlong ya Kenwood. ''Dido Elizabeth Belle and Lady Elizabeth Murray'' sa ga Dafide Martin, 1778]] Makgoba a Maaforika a ne a sa rekwe kana go rekiswa Lontone mme a ne a tlisiwa ke beng ba bone go tswa kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mmogo le batho ba ba tswang mo merafeng e mengwe, segolobogolo ba e seng Bakeresete, Maaforika a ne a tsewa e le batswakwa mme ka jalo ba ne ba sa tshwanelege go nna babusiwa ba Seesemane; Enyelane e ne e sena tsamaiso ya go dira gore batho ba tlholege. Seemo sa semolao sa makgoba a Aforika se ne se sa tlhaloganyesege go fitlha ka Kgetse ya ga Somersett ka 1772, fa lekgoba le le tshabileng James Somersett a ne a pateletsa tshwetso ke dikgotlatshekelo. Somersett o ne a tshabile mme mong wa gagwe, Charles Steuart, o ne a dira gore a tshwarwe le go mo tsenya mo kgolegelong mo sekepeng, a ikaeletse go mo romela kwa Jamaica gore a ye go rekisiwa gape go nna lekgoba. Fa Somersett a ne a le kwa Lontone, o ne a kolobeditswe mme batsadi ba bararo ba gagwe ba ne ba ntsha lekwalo la go mo ntsha molato. Ka ntlha ya seo, Lord Mansfield, Moatlhodimogolo wa Kgotlatshekelo ya King’s Bench, o ne a tshwanelwa ke go atlhola gore a go gapiwa ga ga Somersett ka dikgoka go ne go le kafa molaong kgotsa nnyaa go ya ka Molao o o Tlwaelegileng wa Seesemane. Ga go ise go ke go dirwe molao ope wa go tlhoma bokgoba kwa Enyelane. Kgetsi eno e ne ya tebelelo ya lefatshe lotlhe mme babueledi ba le batlhano ba ne ba tshegetsa kgato eno mo boemong jwa Somersett. Mo katlholong ya gagwe ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi 1772, Mansfield o ne a tshwara, .<blockquote>Seemo sa bokgoba ke sa mofuta o o ntseng jalo mo e leng gore ga se kgone go tsenngwa ka mabaka ape fela, a boitsholo kgotsa a sepolotiki, mme fela ka molao o o siameng, o o bolokang maatla a one nako e telele morago ga gore mabaka, ditiragalo, le nako ka boyone e e bopilweng go tswa mo go yone, di phimolwe mo mogopolong. E tlhoile thata, mo e leng gore ga go sepe se se ka bogang go e tshegetsa, fa e se molao o o siameng. Ka jalo, le fa go ka nna le mathata afe mo tshwetsong, ga ke kake ka re kgetsi eno e letleletswe kgotsa e amogetswe ke molao wa Enyelane; mme ka jalo montsho o tshwanetse go gololwa.<ref>Moncreiff, Frederick Charles (2006). ''The Wit and Wisdom of the Bench and Bar''. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange. pp. 85–86. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781584777243|9781584777243]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65538391 65538391].</ref></blockquote>Le fa ditlamorago tsa semolao tsa katlholo di sa tlhaloganyesege fa di sekasekwa ke babueledi, katlholo e ne ya tsewa ka kakaretso ka nako eo go tlhomamisa gore bokgoba bo ne bo seyo ka fa tlase ga molao o o tlwaelegileng wa Seesemane mme ka jalo bo ne bo thibetswe kwa Engelane.<ref>Mowat, Robert Balmain; Slosson, Preston William (1943). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb23AAAAMAAJ History of the English Speaking Peoples]''. London: Oxford University Press. p. 162. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/560320214 560320214]</ref> Ka 1774, makgoba a le fa gare ga dikete tse lesome le tse lesome le botlhano a ne a bona kgololesego kwa Enyelane.<ref>Murrin, John M (2013). ''Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877'' (Concise 6th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning. p. 119. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781133947738|9781133947738]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857231893 857231893].</ref> Tshwetso e e ne e sa ame mafelo a a kwa moseja ga mawatle a Borithane; jaaka dikoloni tsa Amerika di ne di tlhomile bokgoba ka melao e e siameng.<ref>MacEwen, Martin (2002). ''Housing, Race and Law: The British Experience''. London: Routledge. p. 39. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780203032428|9780203032428]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1086444682 1086444682].</ref> Kgetse ya ga Somersett e ne ya nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya molao o o tlwaelegileng wa bokgoba mo lefatsheng le le buang Seesemane mme e ne ya thusa go simolola mokgatlho wa go fedisa bokgoba.<ref>Hinks, Peter P; McKivigan, John R; Williams, R. Owen (2007). ''[http://ebooks.greenwood.com/reader.jsp?x=GR3143&p=cover Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition]''. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 643. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780313015243|9780313015243]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/230763683 230763683]</ref> Morago ga go bala ka Kgetsi ya ga Somersett, Joseph Knight, Moaforika yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba yo o neng a rekilwe ke mong wa gagwe e bong John Wedderburn kwa Jamaica mme a tlisiwa kwa Scotland, o ne a mo tlogela. E re ka a ne a nyetse e bile a na le ngwana, o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi ya kgololesego, ka mabaka a gore o ne a ka se ka a tshwarwa jaaka lekgoba kwa Great Britain. Mo kgetseng ya ga ''Knight kgatlhanong le Wedderburn'' (1778), Wedderburn o ne a re Knight o ne a mo kolota "go nna lekgoba la bosakhutleng". Kgotlatshekelo ya Session ya Scotland e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le ene, ya re bokgoba jwa chattel bo ne bo sa amogelwe ka fa tlase ga molao wa Scotland mme makgoba a ne a ka batla tshireletso ya kgotlatshekelo go tlogela mong kgotsa go tila go tlosiwa ka dikgoka kwa Scotland go busediwa kwa bokgobeng kwa dikoloning.<ref name=":0" /> Mo ntlheng e plantocracy e ne ya tshwenyega, mme ya rulaganngwa, ya tlhoma Mokgatlho wa Lontone wa Bajadi le Bagwebi ba West India go emela maikutlo a bona. Fa e sa le mokgatlho oo o simologa ka 1780, o ne wa nna le seabe se segolo mo go ganetseng go fedisiwa ga kgwebo ya makgoba le ya bokgoba ka bojone. Mokgatlho o ne wa kopanya ditlhopha di le tharo tse di farologaneng: bagwebi ba sukiri ba Borithane, balemi ba ba neng ba seyo le baemedi ba bokolone.<ref>Butler, Kathleen Mary (1995). ''The Economics of Emancipation: Jamaica & Barbados, 1823–1843''. Chapel Hill: UNC Press Books. p. 8.</ref> Fa raditso wa Moaforika le Moamerika e bong W. E. B. Du Bois ka 1948 a ne a kwala ka go sa itlhoboge ga Baesemane mo go fediseng kgwebo ya makgoba, o ne a re, .<blockquote>Go tlhagelela ga kgopolo ya kgololesego le ya bopelotshweu mo karolong ya bofelo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesome le borobabedi go tlhalosa, e le ruri, kgolo e e seng nnye ya go nna kgatlhanong le bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba; mme e dira fela karolo ya yone. Dintlha tse dingwe le tse di neng di laola e ne e le go fokotsega ga dipoelo tsa kgwebo ya makgoba ya Aforika ka boyone, go tshona ga itsholelo ya sukiri ya India Bophirima ka [[phetogo ya Haiti]], go tsenelela ga ga Napoleon le kgaisano ya Spain. Fa go ne go se na kgatelelo eno ya maatla a itsholelo, Palamente e ka bo e sa ineela motlhofo jalo mo ntweng ya bodumedi ya go fedisa bodumedi. Mo godimo ga moo, go ne go buletswe Maesemane masimo a masha a go beeletsa le go dira dipoelo ka go kopanngwa ga mmusomogolo kwa India le ka go nna le dikarolo tse disha tsa tlhotlheletso kwa China le kwa mafelong a mangwe. Kwa Aforika, puso ya Borithane tota e ne ya nonotshiwa ke ntwa ya bodumedi e e neng e lwantsha bokgoba, ka gonne kgaolo e ntsha e ne ya tsewa le go laolwa ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya kgololesego. Go ka se nne molemo go belaela ka nakwana gore Sharpe, Wilberforce, Buxton le balatedi ba bone ba boammaaruri. Mme maatla a boitsholo a ba neng ba a emetse a ka bo a kopane le kganetso e kgolo fa a ne a sa dire ka mela e e siametseng dipeeletso tsa Seesemane le dipoelo tsa bokolone.<ref>[[:en:W._E._B._Du_Bois|Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt]] (July 1, 1943). [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/1943-07-01/realities-africa "The Realities in Africa: European Profit or Negro Development?"]. ''[[:en:Foreign_Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''. Vol. 21, no. 4. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120 0015-7120].</ref></blockquote> == Balweladitshwanelo ba a rulaganya == [[Setshwantsho:Ignatius Sancho, 1768.jpg|thumb|Ignatius Sancho (mo e ka nnang ka 1729–1780), lekgoba le le neng la tshaba, o ne a itsege jaaka mofedisi yo o tlhagafetseng wa Borithane wa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga.<ref>Carey, Brycchan. [http://www.brycchancarey.com/sancho/ "Ignatius Sancho: African Man of Letters"]. Brycchan Carey. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref> O ne a bula lebenkele le le ratwang thata kwa Mayfair mme a tlhakana le batho ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso. E ne e le motho wa ntlha wa lotso lwa Aforika go tlhopha.<ref>[https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/record-of-ignatius-sanchos-vote-in-the-general-election-october-1774 "Record of Ignatius Sancho's vote in the general election, October 1774"]. British Library. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref>]] Maikutlo a go lwantsha bokgoba a ka tswa a ile a gola kwa Ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Boritane mo dingwageng di le mmalwa tsa ntlha morago ga kgetsi ya Somersett. Ka 1774, a tlhotlheleditswe ke kgetsi eno le ke dikwalwa tsa mofedisi wa bo-Quaker e bong Anthony Benezet, John Wesley, moeteledipele wa tshekamelo ya Bo-Methodist mo Kerekeng ya Engelane, o ne a gatisa Thoughts Upon Slavery, e mo go yone a neng a kgala mokgwa ono ka tlhoafalo.[25] Mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1776 ya A Dissertation ka ga Tiro ya Kutlwelobotlhoko le Boleo jwa Setlhogo mo Diphologolo tse di Setlhogo, moruti Humphry Primatt o ne a kwala jaana, "monna yo mosweu (le fa go na le bogagapa jwa ngwao le tlhaolele), ga a kake a nna le tshwanelo, ka ntlha ya mmala wa gagwe, ya go dira batho ba bantsho makgoba le go ba fenya." Mokgatlho wa Dingangisano tse di Lokologileng wa Lefatshe Lotlhe o o kwa Dublin o ne wa gwetlha maloko a one go akanyetsa gore a "go dira morafe wa Bantsho makgoba [go] siame go ya ka melaometheo ya pholisi ya botho?"[27] [[Setshwantsho:Thomas Clarkson, 1760-1846 RMG E9112.tiff|thumb|Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846) o ne a neela botshelo jwa gagwe go fedisa bokgoba, o ne a tsamaya dimaele di le dikete tse masome mararo le botlhano a etela maemelodikepe a kokoanya bosupi kgatlhanong le kgwebo ya makgoba go bo tlhagisa kwa palamenteng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230320212004/https://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/thomas-clarksons-diary-and-1807-abolition-bill "Thomas Clarkson's diary and the 1807 abolition bill"]. University of Cambridge. Archived from [https://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/thomas-clarksons-diary-and-1807-abolition-bill the origina]l on 20 March 2023. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230320221755/https://www.wisbechmuseum.org.uk/clarkson/index.php "Thomas Clarkson"]. The Wisbech and Fenland Museum. Archived from [https://www.wisbechmuseum.org.uk/clarkson/index.php the original] on 20 March 2023.</ref>]] Le fa bokgoba bo ne jwa khutla kwa Great Britain, dinaga tse di neng di laolwa ke Mmusomogolo wa Boritane kwa India Bophirima di ne tsa tswelela di bo dira. Dibanka tsa Borithane di ne tsa tswelela go tlamela ka madi a dithoto le madirelo a dikepe mo dikoloning tse ba neng ba di tlhomile pelenyana tse di neng di santse di ikaegile ka bokgoba, le fa go ne go na le ditlhabololo tsa semolao kwa Great Britain.[30] Ka 1785, mmoki wa Moesemane e bong William Cowper o ne a kwala jaana, Ga re na makgoba kwa gae.—Mme ke ka ntlha yang kwa moseja? Mme bone ka bobone ba kile ba tsamaya mo godimo ga lekhubu Seo se re kgaoganya, re gololwa le go gololwa. Makgoba ga a kgone go hema kwa Engelane; fa mafatlha a bone Amogela mowa wa rona, motsotso oo ba gololesegile, Ba ama naga ya rona dikeetane tsa bone di a wa. Seo se tlotlegile, mme se bua setšhaba se se motlotlo Mme a fufegela tshegofatso. E anamise he, Mme e dikologe mo tshikeng nngwe le nngwe Ya mmusomogolo wa gago otlhe. Gore kwa maatla a Boritane Fa a utlwiwa, batho le bone ba ka utlwa kutlwelobotlhoko ya gagwe.[31] == Metswedi == 256ucseesxt9rd260yh534igyzutfbf 40878 40877 2025-06-28T19:30:25Z KatieKea 10150 /* Balweladitshwanelo ba a rulaganya */ ke ranotse karolo e le go tsenya metswedi #AWC2025 40878 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Official medallion of the British Anti-Slavery Society (1795).jpg|thumb|1787 Seetsele sa Wedgwood o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba o o tlhamilweng ke Josiah Wedgwood wa letsholo la Borithane la go lwantsha bokgoba]] '''Go fedisa bokgoba kwa United Kingdom''' e ne e le mokgatlho kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi le tshimologo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesome le boferabongwe go fedisa mokgwa wa bokgoba, e ka tswa e le wa semmuso kgotsa o o sa tlhomamang, kwa United Kingdom, Mmusomogolo wa Borithane le lefatshe, go akaretsa le go fedisa [[Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230318184523/https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/abolition-of-the-slave-trade-and-slavery-in-britain "Abolition of the slave trade and slavery in Britain"]. The British Library. Archived from [https://www.bl.uk/restoration-18th-century-literature/articles/abolition-of-the-slave-trade-and-slavery-in-britain the original] on 18 March 2023. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230318190639/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-slavery-idUSL1561464920070322 "Chronology – Who banned slavery when?"]. ''[[:en:Reuters|Reuters]]''. Archived from [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-slavery-idUSL1561464920070322 the original] on 18 March 2023. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230314175736/https://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/media/2059/timeline_of_events-15926.pdf "Timeline of Events Leading up to the Abolition of the Slave Trade"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.gloucestershire.gov.uk/media/2059/timeline_of_events-15926.pdf the original] (PDF) on 14 March 2023. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref> E ne e le karolo ya mokgatlho o o anameng wa [[Go Fedisa bokgoba|go]] [[Go Fedisa bokgoba|fedisa bokgoba]] kwa Yuropa Bophirima le kwa Amerika. Kgwebisano ya makgoba e ne ya dirwa e e seng kafa molaong go ralala Mmusomogolo wa Borithane ka 1937, mme Nigeria le Bahrain e ne e le dikgaolo tsa bofelo tsa Borithane go fedisa bokgoba.<ref>Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia (2018-07-15). [https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader "My Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader"]. ''The New Yorker''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X 0028-792X].</ref><ref>[https://search.worldcat.org/title/256735611 "The abolition of the slave trade in southeastern Nigeria, 1885-1950 | WorldCat.org"]. ''search.worldcat.org''.</ref><ref>Northrup, David (September 2007). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/a-e-afigbo-the-abolition-of-the-slave-trade-in-southeastern-nigeria-18851950-rochester-university-of-rochester-press-2006-rochester-studies-in-african-history-and-the-diaspora-xv-210-pp-maps-appendixes-bibliography-index-7500-cloth/7279CB1095BDD89AD84EACAA5AAA42CC "A. E. Afigbo. The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria. 1885-1950. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2006. Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora. xv + 210 pp. Maps. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. $75.00. Cloth"]. ''African Studies Review''. '''50''' (2): 228–229. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1353/arw.2007.0116|10.1353/arw.2007.0116]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-0206 0002-0206].</ref><ref>Miers, Suzanne (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zZk9Y-HTQzcC&q=1926+Slavery+Convention Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem]''. Rowman Altamira. pp. 265–67. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0340-5|978-0-7591-0340-5]]</bdi>.</ref> == Tshimologo == Mo lekgolong la bolesome le bosupa le mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, Ba-Quaker ba Baesemane le ditlhopha di le mmalwa tsa bodumedi jwa boefangele ba ne ba kgala bokgoba (ka nako eo bo ne bo dirisiwa thata mo Baaforika) ba re ga se jwa Bokeresete. Batlhalefi ba le mmalwa ba lefatshe ba Sedimo ba ne ba e kgala ka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa motho.<ref>Matthew Wyman-McCarthy, "British abolitionism and global empire in the late 18th century: A historiographic overview." ''History Compass'' 16.10 (2018) .</ref> James Edward Oglethorpe e ne e le ene wa ntlha go tsaya kgato mo kgetsing ya Sedimo kgatlhanong le bokgoba ka mabaka a setho. Mo "Tekong ya gagwe ya Georgia" o ne a dira gore Palamente e thibele bokgoba mo kgaolong ya gagwe ya Georgia go tloga ka 1735. Le fa go ntse jalo, bokgoba bo ne jwa busediwa ka 1751. Gape o ne a rotloetsa ditsala tsa gagwe Granville Sharp le Hannah More go latelela tiro eno ka maatla. Ka bonako morago ga loso lwa gagwe ka 1785, ba ne ba kopanela le [[William Wilberforce]] le ba bangwe go bopa Lekoko la Clapham.<ref>Wilson, Thomas D (2012). ''The Oglethorpe Plan: Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond''. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. pp. 201–206. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780813932903|9780813932903]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/907676628 907676628].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Title page lecture on slavery.jpg|thumb|Tsebe ya setlhogo sa thuto e e gatisitsweng kgatlhanong le bokgoba ka Joseph Ivimey]] Kgwebo ya bokgoba e ne e thibetswe kwa Enyelane ka 1102, ke Lekgotla la Kereke la Lontone, le le neng le biditswe ke Anselm. Le fa go ntse jalo, lekgotla le ne le sena dithata tsa go dira melao, ntle le fa le laotswe le go saeniwa ke kgosi.<ref>[https://www.historyireland.com/medieval-history-pre-1500/the-viking-slave-trade-entrepreneurs-or-heathen-slavers/ "The Viking slave trade: entrepreneurs or heathen slavers?"]. ''History Ireland''. 2013-03-05</ref> Mo Kgetsing ya ga Cartwright ya 1569 malebang le go otlhaiwa ga lekgoba le le tswang kwa Russia, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya atlhola gore molao wa Seesemane o ne o ka se amogele bokgoba, ka gonne ga bo ise bo ko bo tlhomiwe semmuso. Katlholo eno e ne ya fetwa ke ditiragalo tsa moragonyana. E ne ya tshegediwa ka 1700 ke Moatlhodimogolo Sir John Holt fa a ne a atlhola gore "Fela fa motho a baya leoto mo lefatsheng la Seesemane o gololesegile".<ref>Mtubani, V. C. D. (1981). [http://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula003002/pula003002007.pdf "African Slaves and English Law"] (PDF). ''Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies''. '''3''' (2): 71–75. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0256-2316 0256-2316].</ref> Bakoloni ba Maesemane ba ne ba tlisa makgoba kwa dikoloning tsa Amerika Bokone mme ka ngwagakgolo wa bolesome le boferabobedi, bagwebi ba ne ba simolola go tlisa makgoba go tswa kwa Aforika, India le Asia Botlhaba (kwa ba neng ba gweba teng) go ya kwa London le Edinburgh go ya go dira jaaka batlhanka. Banna ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa dikoloning tsa Amerika Bokone gantsi ba ne ba tsamaya le makgoba kgotsa batlhanka ba bone ba Baindia Botlhaba, jaaka Baindia Botlhaba ba kwadilwe mo direkotong tsa bokolone.<ref>Heinegg, Paul. [http://www.freeafricanamericans.com/ "Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware"]. www.freeafricanamericans.com. Retrieved 2019-08-09., "Weaver Family: Three members of the Weaver family, probably brothers, were called "East Indians" in Lancaster County, [VA] [court records] between 1707 and 1711."; "'The indenture of Indians (Native Americans) as servants was not common in Maryland ... the indenture of East Indian servants was more common.", e nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref><ref>Francis C. Assisi, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515191635/http://www.indolink.com/Analysis/a121403-021037.php "First Indian-American Identified: Mary Fisher, Born 1680 in Maryland"]^{[''[[:en:Wikipedia:Link_rot/Usurpations|usurped]]'']}, IndoLink, Quote: "Documents available from American archival sources of the colonial period now confirm the presence of indentured servants or slaves who were brought from the Indian subcontinent, via England, to work for their European American masters.", e nopotswe Seetebo</ref> David Olusoga o ne a kwala jaana ka phetogo ya lewatle e e neng e diragetse:<blockquote>Go tlhaloganya ka botlalo ka fao go tlhatloga ga go fedisa bokgoba ga Borithane go neng go gakgamatsa ka teng, jaaka mokgatlho wa sepolotiki le jaaka maikutlo a a tlwaelegileng, go botlhokwa go gakologelwa ka fao mantswe a le mmalwa a neng a tlhatlosiwa kgatlhanong le bokgoba kwa Borithane go fitlha ka kotara ya bofelo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesomerobedi.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uijbCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA201 Black and British: A Forgotten History]''</ref></blockquote>Dingwe tsa dikgetsi tsa ntlha tsa kgololesego, dikgetsi tsa kgotlatshekelo kwa Borithane go gwetlha gore a bokgoba bo kafa molaong, di ne tsa diragala kwa Scotland ka 1755 le 1769. Dikgetsi tseno e ne e le ''Montgomery kgatlhanong le Sheddan'' (1755) le ''Spens kgatlhanong le Dalrymple'' (1769). Mongwe le mongwe wa makgoba o ne a kolobeditswe kwa Scotland mme a gwetlha gore a bokgoba bo kafa molaong. Ba ne ba tlhoma sekao sa tsamaiso ya semolao kwa dikgotlatshekelong tsa Borithane e moragonyana e neng e tla dira gore basekisi ba atlege. Mo dikgetseng tse, dintsho tsa mongongoregi le mosekisiwa, ka go latelana, di ne tsa fedisa kgato pele ga tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo e ka ntshiwa.<ref name=":0">[http://www.nas.gov.uk/about/071022.asp "Slavery, freedom or perpetual servitude? – the Joseph Knight case"]. [[:en:National_Archives_of_Scotland|National Archives of Scotland]]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Dido Elizabeth Belle.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ga Dido Elizabeth Belle le Mme Elizabeth Murray, ditlogolo tsa ga Moatlhodimogolo Lord Mansfield ba ba nnang kwa Ntlong ya Kenwood. ''Dido Elizabeth Belle and Lady Elizabeth Murray'' sa ga Dafide Martin, 1778]] Makgoba a Maaforika a ne a sa rekwe kana go rekiswa Lontone mme a ne a tlisiwa ke beng ba bone go tswa kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mmogo le batho ba ba tswang mo merafeng e mengwe, segolobogolo ba e seng Bakeresete, Maaforika a ne a tsewa e le batswakwa mme ka jalo ba ne ba sa tshwanelege go nna babusiwa ba Seesemane; Enyelane e ne e sena tsamaiso ya go dira gore batho ba tlholege. Seemo sa semolao sa makgoba a Aforika se ne se sa tlhaloganyesege go fitlha ka Kgetse ya ga Somersett ka 1772, fa lekgoba le le tshabileng James Somersett a ne a pateletsa tshwetso ke dikgotlatshekelo. Somersett o ne a tshabile mme mong wa gagwe, Charles Steuart, o ne a dira gore a tshwarwe le go mo tsenya mo kgolegelong mo sekepeng, a ikaeletse go mo romela kwa Jamaica gore a ye go rekisiwa gape go nna lekgoba. Fa Somersett a ne a le kwa Lontone, o ne a kolobeditswe mme batsadi ba bararo ba gagwe ba ne ba ntsha lekwalo la go mo ntsha molato. Ka ntlha ya seo, Lord Mansfield, Moatlhodimogolo wa Kgotlatshekelo ya King’s Bench, o ne a tshwanelwa ke go atlhola gore a go gapiwa ga ga Somersett ka dikgoka go ne go le kafa molaong kgotsa nnyaa go ya ka Molao o o Tlwaelegileng wa Seesemane. Ga go ise go ke go dirwe molao ope wa go tlhoma bokgoba kwa Enyelane. Kgetsi eno e ne ya tebelelo ya lefatshe lotlhe mme babueledi ba le batlhano ba ne ba tshegetsa kgato eno mo boemong jwa Somersett. Mo katlholong ya gagwe ya Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi 1772, Mansfield o ne a tshwara, .<blockquote>Seemo sa bokgoba ke sa mofuta o o ntseng jalo mo e leng gore ga se kgone go tsenngwa ka mabaka ape fela, a boitsholo kgotsa a sepolotiki, mme fela ka molao o o siameng, o o bolokang maatla a one nako e telele morago ga gore mabaka, ditiragalo, le nako ka boyone e e bopilweng go tswa mo go yone, di phimolwe mo mogopolong. E tlhoile thata, mo e leng gore ga go sepe se se ka bogang go e tshegetsa, fa e se molao o o siameng. Ka jalo, le fa go ka nna le mathata afe mo tshwetsong, ga ke kake ka re kgetsi eno e letleletswe kgotsa e amogetswe ke molao wa Enyelane; mme ka jalo montsho o tshwanetse go gololwa.<ref>Moncreiff, Frederick Charles (2006). ''The Wit and Wisdom of the Bench and Bar''. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange. pp. 85–86. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781584777243|9781584777243]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65538391 65538391].</ref></blockquote>Le fa ditlamorago tsa semolao tsa katlholo di sa tlhaloganyesege fa di sekasekwa ke babueledi, katlholo e ne ya tsewa ka kakaretso ka nako eo go tlhomamisa gore bokgoba bo ne bo seyo ka fa tlase ga molao o o tlwaelegileng wa Seesemane mme ka jalo bo ne bo thibetswe kwa Engelane.<ref>Mowat, Robert Balmain; Slosson, Preston William (1943). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb23AAAAMAAJ History of the English Speaking Peoples]''. London: Oxford University Press. p. 162. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/560320214 560320214]</ref> Ka 1774, makgoba a le fa gare ga dikete tse lesome le tse lesome le botlhano a ne a bona kgololesego kwa Enyelane.<ref>Murrin, John M (2013). ''Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877'' (Concise 6th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning. p. 119. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781133947738|9781133947738]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/857231893 857231893].</ref> Tshwetso e e ne e sa ame mafelo a a kwa moseja ga mawatle a Borithane; jaaka dikoloni tsa Amerika di ne di tlhomile bokgoba ka melao e e siameng.<ref>MacEwen, Martin (2002). ''Housing, Race and Law: The British Experience''. London: Routledge. p. 39. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780203032428|9780203032428]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1086444682 1086444682].</ref> Kgetse ya ga Somersett e ne ya nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya molao o o tlwaelegileng wa bokgoba mo lefatsheng le le buang Seesemane mme e ne ya thusa go simolola mokgatlho wa go fedisa bokgoba.<ref>Hinks, Peter P; McKivigan, John R; Williams, R. Owen (2007). ''[http://ebooks.greenwood.com/reader.jsp?x=GR3143&p=cover Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition]''. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 643. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780313015243|9780313015243]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/230763683 230763683]</ref> Morago ga go bala ka Kgetsi ya ga Somersett, Joseph Knight, Moaforika yo o neng a dirilwe lekgoba yo o neng a rekilwe ke mong wa gagwe e bong John Wedderburn kwa Jamaica mme a tlisiwa kwa Scotland, o ne a mo tlogela. E re ka a ne a nyetse e bile a na le ngwana, o ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi ya kgololesego, ka mabaka a gore o ne a ka se ka a tshwarwa jaaka lekgoba kwa Great Britain. Mo kgetseng ya ga ''Knight kgatlhanong le Wedderburn'' (1778), Wedderburn o ne a re Knight o ne a mo kolota "go nna lekgoba la bosakhutleng". Kgotlatshekelo ya Session ya Scotland e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le ene, ya re bokgoba jwa chattel bo ne bo sa amogelwe ka fa tlase ga molao wa Scotland mme makgoba a ne a ka batla tshireletso ya kgotlatshekelo go tlogela mong kgotsa go tila go tlosiwa ka dikgoka kwa Scotland go busediwa kwa bokgobeng kwa dikoloning.<ref name=":0" /> Mo ntlheng e plantocracy e ne ya tshwenyega, mme ya rulaganngwa, ya tlhoma Mokgatlho wa Lontone wa Bajadi le Bagwebi ba West India go emela maikutlo a bona. Fa e sa le mokgatlho oo o simologa ka 1780, o ne wa nna le seabe se segolo mo go ganetseng go fedisiwa ga kgwebo ya makgoba le ya bokgoba ka bojone. Mokgatlho o ne wa kopanya ditlhopha di le tharo tse di farologaneng: bagwebi ba sukiri ba Borithane, balemi ba ba neng ba seyo le baemedi ba bokolone.<ref>Butler, Kathleen Mary (1995). ''The Economics of Emancipation: Jamaica & Barbados, 1823–1843''. Chapel Hill: UNC Press Books. p. 8.</ref> Fa raditso wa Moaforika le Moamerika e bong W. E. B. Du Bois ka 1948 a ne a kwala ka go sa itlhoboge ga Baesemane mo go fediseng kgwebo ya makgoba, o ne a re, .<blockquote>Go tlhagelela ga kgopolo ya kgololesego le ya bopelotshweu mo karolong ya bofelo ya lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesome le borobabedi go tlhalosa, e le ruri, kgolo e e seng nnye ya go nna kgatlhanong le bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba; mme e dira fela karolo ya yone. Dintlha tse dingwe le tse di neng di laola e ne e le go fokotsega ga dipoelo tsa kgwebo ya makgoba ya Aforika ka boyone, go tshona ga itsholelo ya sukiri ya India Bophirima ka [[phetogo ya Haiti]], go tsenelela ga ga Napoleon le kgaisano ya Spain. Fa go ne go se na kgatelelo eno ya maatla a itsholelo, Palamente e ka bo e sa ineela motlhofo jalo mo ntweng ya bodumedi ya go fedisa bodumedi. Mo godimo ga moo, go ne go buletswe Maesemane masimo a masha a go beeletsa le go dira dipoelo ka go kopanngwa ga mmusomogolo kwa India le ka go nna le dikarolo tse disha tsa tlhotlheletso kwa China le kwa mafelong a mangwe. Kwa Aforika, puso ya Borithane tota e ne ya nonotshiwa ke ntwa ya bodumedi e e neng e lwantsha bokgoba, ka gonne kgaolo e ntsha e ne ya tsewa le go laolwa ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya kgololesego. Go ka se nne molemo go belaela ka nakwana gore Sharpe, Wilberforce, Buxton le balatedi ba bone ba boammaaruri. Mme maatla a boitsholo a ba neng ba a emetse a ka bo a kopane le kganetso e kgolo fa a ne a sa dire ka mela e e siametseng dipeeletso tsa Seesemane le dipoelo tsa bokolone.<ref>[[:en:W._E._B._Du_Bois|Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt]] (July 1, 1943). [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/1943-07-01/realities-africa "The Realities in Africa: European Profit or Negro Development?"]. ''[[:en:Foreign_Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''. Vol. 21, no. 4. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120 0015-7120].</ref></blockquote> == Balweladitshwanelo ba a rulaganya == [[Setshwantsho:Ignatius Sancho, 1768.jpg|thumb|Ignatius Sancho (mo e ka nnang ka 1729–1780), lekgoba le le neng la tshaba, o ne a itsege jaaka mofedisi yo o tlhagafetseng wa Borithane wa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga.<ref>Carey, Brycchan. [http://www.brycchancarey.com/sancho/ "Ignatius Sancho: African Man of Letters"]. Brycchan Carey. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref> O ne a bula lebenkele le le ratwang thata kwa Mayfair mme a tlhakana le batho ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso. E ne e le motho wa ntlha wa lotso lwa Aforika go tlhopha.<ref>[https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/record-of-ignatius-sanchos-vote-in-the-general-election-october-1774 "Record of Ignatius Sancho's vote in the general election, October 1774"]. British Library. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref>]] Maikutlo a go lwantsha bokgoba a ka tswa a ile a gola kwa Ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Borithane mo dingwageng di le mmalwa tsa ntlha morago ga kgetsi ya Somersett. Ka 1774, a tlhotlheleditswe ke kgetsi eno le ke dikwalwa tsa mofedisi wa bo-Quaker e bong Anthony Benezet, John Wesley, moeteledipele wa tshekamelo ya Bo-Methodist mo Kerekeng ya Engelane, o ne a gatisa ''Thoughts Upon Slavery'', e mo go yone a neng a kgala mokgwa oo ka tlhoafalo.<ref>Carey, Brycchan (2002). [http://www.brycchancarey.com/abolition/wesley.htm "John Wesley (1703–1791)"]. ''Brycchan Carey''. Retrieved 26 December 2018.</ref> Mo bukeng ya gagwe ya 1776 ya ''A Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy and Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals'', moruti Humphry Primatt o ne a kwala jaana, "monna yo mosweu (le fa go na le bogagapa jwa ngwao le tlhaolele), ga a kake a nna le tshwanelo, ka ntlha ya mmala wa gagwe, ya go dira batho ba bantsho makgoba le go ba fenya."<ref>Primatt, Humphry (1776). ''A Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy and Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals''. London: R. Hett. p. 11.</ref> Mokgatlho wa Dingangisano tse di Lokologileng wa Lefatshe Lotlhe o o kwa Dublin o ne wa gwetlha maloko a one go akanyetsa gore a "go dira morafe wa Bantsho makgoba [go] siame go ya ka melaometheo ya melao ya setho?"<ref>Higgins, Padhraig (2010). ''A Nation of Politicians: Gender, Patriotism, and Political Culture in Late Eighteenth-Century Ireland''. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 10.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Thomas Clarkson, 1760-1846 RMG E9112.tiff|thumb|Thomas Clarkson (1760–1846) o ne a neela botshelo jwa gagwe go fedisa bokgoba, o ne a tsamaya dimaele di le dikete tse masome mararo le botlhano a etela maemelodikepe a kokoanya bosupi kgatlhanong le kgwebo ya makgoba go bo tlhagisa kwa palamenteng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230320212004/https://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/thomas-clarksons-diary-and-1807-abolition-bill "Thomas Clarkson's diary and the 1807 abolition bill"]. University of Cambridge. Archived from [https://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/thomas-clarksons-diary-and-1807-abolition-bill the origina]l on 20 March 2023. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230320221755/https://www.wisbechmuseum.org.uk/clarkson/index.php "Thomas Clarkson"]. The Wisbech and Fenland Museum. Archived from [https://www.wisbechmuseum.org.uk/clarkson/index.php the original] on 20 March 2023.</ref>]] Le fa bokgoba bo ne jwa khutla kwa Great Britain, mafatshe a a neng a laolwa ke Mmusomogolo wa Borithane kwa India Bophirima di ne tsa tswelela di bo dira. Dibanka tsa Borithane di ne tsa tswelela go tlamela ka madi a dithoto le madirelo a dikepe mo dikoloning tse ba neng ba di tlhomile pelenyana tse di neng di santse di ikaegile ka bokgoba, le fa go ne go na le ditlhabololo tsa semolao kwa Great Britain.<ref>Christopher Hollis: ''Two Nations: A Financial Study of English History'' ^{[''[[:en:Wikipedia:Citing_sources|ISBN missing]]'']} ^{[''[[:en:Wikipedia:Citing_sources|page needed]]'']}</ref> Ka 1785, mmoki wa Moesemane e bong William Cowper o ne a kwala jaana, <blockquote>Ga re na makgoba kwa gae.—Mme ke ka ntlha yang kwa moseja? Mme bone ka bobone ba kile ba tsamaya mo godimo ga lekhubu Seo se re kgaoganya, re gololwa le go gololwa. Makgoba ga a kgone go hema kwa Engelane; fa mafatlha a bone Amogela mowa wa rona, motsotso oo ba gololesegile, Ba ama naga ya rona dikeetane tsa bone di a wa. Seo se tlotlegile, mme se bua setšhaba se se motlotlo Mme a fufegela tshegofatso. E anamise he, Mme e dikologe mo tshikeng nngwe le nngwe Ya mmusomogolo wa gago otlhe. Gore kwa maatla a Boritane Fa a utlwiwa, batho le bone ba ka utlwa kutlwelobotlhoko ya gagwe.<ref>Cowper, William, ''The task: a poem, in six books. By William Cowper, ...'' (London: printed for J. Johnson, 1785), p. 47. Online at [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004792652.0001.000 "Eighteenth Century Texts Online"]</ref></blockquote>Cowper e ne e le tsala e kgolo ya ga John Newton, yo o neng a na le seabe mo kgwebong ya makgoba ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo sesoleng sa lewatle. Mo botshelong jwa gagwe jwa moragonyana, morago ga go sokologela mo Bokereseteng, le go tlhomiwa ga gagwe mo Kerekeng ya Enyelane, Newton e ne e le mofedisi yo o tlhagafetseng. O tlhalositse bokgoba jaaka "leswe mo sethong sa rona sa Bosetshaba." Sengwe sa botlhokwa se Newton a neng a se dira mo go fediseng bokgoba e ne e le tlhotlheletso e a neng a na le yone mo go William Wilberforce. Newton o ne a dira gore Wilberforce a dumele gore o ne a tla fitlhelela dilo di le dintsi ka go nna mo Palamenteng go na le go nna moruti mo Kerekeng ya Enyelane. Ka 1783, go ne ga simolola mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba kwa Borithane. Mo ngwageng oo setlhopha sa Ba-Quaker se ne sa tlhoma mokgatlho wa sone wa ntlha wa go fedisa bokgoba. Ba-Quaker ba ne ba tswelela go nna le tlhotlheletso mo botshelong jotlhe jwa mokgatlho o, ka ditsela tse dintsi ba etelela pele letsholo le<ref>Tomkins, Stephen (22 March 2007). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6476645.stm "BBC News | Magazine | Keeping it under their hats"]. BBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080102233937/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6476645.stm Archived] from the original on 2 January 2008. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ka 2025.</ref> Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa ka 1783, Sir Cecil Wray (mongwe wa Maloko a Palamente a Westminster) o ne a ntsha boikuelo jwa Ba-Quaker kwa palamenteng. Gape ka 1783, Beilby Porteus, Bishopo wa Chester, o ne a ntsha pitso go Kereke ya Enyelane gore e kgaotse go nna le seabe mo kgwebong ya makgoba le go tlhama molao wa go tokafatsa maemo a makgoba a Aforika le Caribbean. Go tlhotlhomisa kontinente ya Aforika ke ditlhopha tse di jaaka African Association (1788) go ne ga rotloetsa lebaka la bafedisi. Maeto a a ntseng jalo a ne a tlhagisa go tlhakatlhakana ga thulaganyo ya loago ya Aforika; pele ga se, Bayuropa ba ne ba ba tsaya e le ‘ba bangwe’ le ba ba sa tlhabologang. Mokgatlho wa Aforika o ne o na le kamano e e gaufi le [[William Wilberforce]], yo o neng a itsege jaaka motho yo o tlhageletseng mo letsholong la go fedisa bokgoba mo Pusong ya Borithane.<ref>Hague, William (2008). ''William Wilberforce: The Life of the Great Anti-Slave Trade Campaigner''. London: Harper Perennial. p. 327. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780007228867|9780007228867]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/192026996 192026996].</ref> MaAforika ka bobone a ne a na le seabe se se bonalang mo mokgatlhong wa go fedisa bokgoba. Kwa Borithane, Olaudah Equiano, yo buka ya gagwe ya botshelo jwa gagwe e neng ya gatisiwa ka dikgatiso di le robongwe mo botshelong jwa gagwe, o ne a lwa le kgwebo ya makgoba a sa lape. Gape se se botlhokwa e ne e le ditshwantsho tse di tshosang jaaka medallion e e tumileng ya Wedgwood e e kgatlhanong le bokgoba ya 1787 le setshwantsho se se gabilweng se se bontshang thulaganyo e e tshosang ya sekepe sa makgoba, ''Brookes''.<ref>McGrath, Elizabeth; Massing, Jean Michel (2012). ''The Slave in European Art: From Renaissance Trophy to Abolitionist Emblem''. London: Warburg Institute. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781908590435|9781908590435]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/811970449 811970449].</ref> == Kgolo ya mokgatlho == == Metswedi == 3m2epkiwlbl7bo7hlgspqrjisbrj93v 0 10707 40879 40864 2025-06-29T11:37:33Z 165.165.110.31 40879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbuyisa Makhubo''' yo o tshotsweng ka 1958 o o itsege ka seabe sa gagwe mo setshwantshong se se itsegeng, se se tserweng ka nako ya khuduego ya kwa [[Soweto]] ka Seetebosigo 16, 1976. Setshwantsho se se tserweng ke Sam Nzima, se bontsha Mbuyisa Makhubo a tshotse [[Hector Pieterson]] yo o gobetseng thata, mme kgaitsadie Hector, Antoinette Sithole, a taboga le bone.<ref>https://www.forbesafrica.com/focus/2014/12/01/sad-story-behind-picture-moved-world-tears/</ref> Setshwantsho seno se se maatla se ne sa nna letshwao la bosetlhogo jwa puso ya tlhaolele le bopelokgale jwa basha ba [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>https://www.ru.ac.za/perspective/2018archives/capturingthesowetouprisingsouthafricasmosticonicphotographliveson.html</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe le lelapa la gagwe == Mbuyisa o ne a le dingwaga di le 18 ka nako ya khuduego ya Soweto ka Seetebosigo 1976. Ka nako eo, Mbuyisa e ne e le moithuti wa sekolo se segolo e bile e le leloko la lekoko la bašwa la motsamao wa tlhokomelo ya bantsho, le le neng le na le seabe se segolo mo go rulaganyeng ditshupetso kgatlhanong le go patelediwa ga puo ya Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta kwa dikolong.<ref name=":0">https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/disappeared-june-16-victim-mbuyisa-makhubu-be-honoured</ref> Morago ga go tshaba mo Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya go tshwenngwa ke sepodisi, o ne a tsena Federal Government College, sekolo se se kwa godimo sa borobalo kwa Borwa-Bophirima jwa Nigeria, ka ngwaga wa thuto wa 1976-1977. Le fa go ntse jalo, ene le baithuti ba bangwe ba ba neng ba le kwa botshwarwa ba ne ba palelwa ke go tlwaela maemo a koo mme ba tsamaya mo lobakeng lwa ngwaga.<ref>https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/disappeared-june-16-victim-mbuyisa-makhubu-be-honoured</ref> Mbuyisa o ne a tswa mo lelapeng la balweladiphetogo. Rraagwe, Lawrence Makhubu, e ne e le mothei-mmogo wa Umkhonto we Sizwe mme a tlhokafala kwa botshwarong. Mmaagwe, Nombulelo Makhubu, e ne e le molweladiphetogo yo o itsegeng thata kgatlhanong le tlhaolele yo o tlhokafetseng ka 2004 a sa itse gore morwa wa gagwe o feletse kae.<ref name=":0" /> Mbuyisa o ne a na le bomonnawe, go akaretsa le kgaitsadie yo o bidiwang Ntsiki Makhubu, yo o santseng a nna kwa legaeng la lelapa kwa Orlando West, Soweto, le morwarraagwe yo o bidiwang Raul Makhubu eka9xwh7rkivmtwfja49j3kanluyhlo 0 10708 40872 40871 2025-06-28T12:11:24Z Kgakgi 10857 40872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teboho Tsietsi MacDonald Mashinini''', o tshotswe ka 27 Ferikgong 1957 kwa Soweto, Aforika Borwa, e ne e le moeteledipele wa baithuti yo o itsegeng le motho wa botlhokwa mo mokgatlhong o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":0">https://emagazinefirst-legendary.blogspot.com/2012/</ref> O gopolwa ka seabe sa gagwe sa botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng le go etelela pele khuduego ya Soweto ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976, fa diketekete tsa baithuti ba bantsho ba neng ba ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le pholisi ya puso ya tlhaolele ya go pateletsa Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong. Mogwanto o a neng a thusa go o rulaganya o ne wa fetoga go nna khuduego ya setšhaba sotlhe fa mapodise a sena go thuntsha baithuti, mme seo sa felela ka gore go swe batho ba le bantsi mme seno sa dira gore ditšhaba tse dingwe di lemoge bosetlhogo jwa puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":0" /> == Botshelo jwa pele le lelapa la gagwe == Teboho o belegetswe kwa Central Western Jabavu, Soweto.<ref name=":1">https://sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le lesometharo ba ga Ramothibi Mashinini, moreri wa lekoko mo kerekeng ya Methodist, le Nomkhitha Virginia Mashinini. O goletse mo lelapeng le legolo le le neng le na le basimane ba le lesome le bongwe le basetsana ba mawelana. Tsietsi o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke go nna le seabe ga ga rraagwe mo bodumeding le mo setšhabeng, mme seo se ne sa mo thusa go nna moeteledipele le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":1" /> nx28gun4rldqpx8j4uwxmlx6r6golfu 40873 40872 2025-06-28T12:58:57Z Kgakgi 10857 40873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teboho Tsietsi MacDonald Mashinini''', o tshotswe ka 27 Ferikgong 1957 kwa [[Soweto]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ne e le moeteledipele wa baithuti yo o itsegeng le motho wa botlhokwa mo mokgatlhong o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":0">https://emagazinefirst-legendary.blogspot.com/2012/</ref> O gopolwa ka seabe sa gagwe sa botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng le go etelela pele khuduego ya Soweto ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976, fa diketekete tsa baithuti ba bantsho ba neng ba ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le pholisi ya puso ya tlhaolele ya go pateletsa Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong. Mogwanto o a neng a thusa go o rulaganya o ne wa fetoga go nna khuduego ya setšhaba sotlhe fa mapodise a sena go thuntsha baithuti, mme seo sa felela ka gore go swe batho ba le bantsi mme seno sa dira gore ditšhaba tse dingwe di lemoge bosetlhogo jwa puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":0" /> == Botshelo jwa pele le lelapa la gagwe == Teboho o belegetswe kwa Central Western Jabavu, Soweto.<ref name=":1">https://sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le lesometharo ba ga Ramothibi Mashinini, moreri wa lekoko mo kerekeng ya Methodist, le Nomkhitha Virginia Mashinini. O goletse mo lelapeng le legolo le le neng le na le basimane ba le lesome le bongwe le basetsana ba mawelana. Tsietsi o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke go nna le seabe ga ga rraagwe mo bodumeding le mo setšhabeng, mme seo se ne sa mo thusa go nna moeteledipele le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":1" /> == Thuto le tiro ya gagwe == O simolotse go ithuta kwa Amajeli crèche ka 1963, mme morago ga moo a tsena kwa sekolong se se potlana sa Seoding Lower le kwa Itshepeng.<ref name=":1" /> Ka 1971, o ne a ikwadisa kwa sekolong se segolo sa Morris Isaacson kwa Soweto, koo a neng a itlhaganela go itsege jaaka moithuti yo o botlhale le yo o nang le bokgoni. O ne a nna moeteledipele wa setlhopha se se neng se ngangisana, a nna molaodi, a bo a nna poresidente wa mokgatlho wa basha wa Methodist wa ga Wesley.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">https://sthp.saha.org.za/memorial/articles/young_cool_and_defiant.htm</ref> Kgatlhego ya gagwe ya go rata go kwala le go ngangisana e ne ya dira gore a bidiwe 'tsala ya ga Shakespeare mo Aforika' ke balekane ba gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> Temogo ya sepolotiki ya gagwe e ne ya bopega thata ke morutabana wa gagwe Abram Onkgopotse Tiro, yo o neng a mo itsise megopolo ya temoso ya bantsho le hisetori ya dintwa tsa Aforika le lefatshe ka bophara kgatlhanong le kgatelelo.<ref name=":1" /> fygv5n8ph9kldjhn4ea8kfaqi5td4x7 40874 40873 2025-06-28T15:34:55Z Kgakgi 10857 40874 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teboho Tsietsi MacDonald Mashinini''', o tshotswe ka 27 Ferikgong 1957 kwa [[Soweto]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ne e le moeteledipele wa baithuti yo o itsegeng le motho wa botlhokwa mo mokgatlhong o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":0">https://emagazinefirst-legendary.blogspot.com/2012/</ref> O gopolwa ka seabe sa gagwe sa botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng le go etelela pele khuduego ya Soweto ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976, fa diketekete tsa baithuti ba bantsho ba neng ba ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le pholisi ya puso ya tlhaolele ya go pateletsa Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong. Mogwanto o a neng a thusa go o rulaganya o ne wa fetoga go nna khuduego ya setšhaba sotlhe fa mapodise a sena go thuntsha baithuti, mme seo sa felela ka gore go swe batho ba le bantsi mme seno sa dira gore ditšhaba tse dingwe di lemoge bosetlhogo jwa puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":0" /> == Botshelo jwa pele le lelapa la gagwe == Teboho o belegetswe kwa Central Western Jabavu, Soweto.<ref name=":1">https://sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le lesometharo ba ga Ramothibi Mashinini, moreri wa lekoko mo kerekeng ya Methodist, le Nomkhitha Virginia Mashinini. O goletse mo lelapeng le legolo le le neng le na le basimane ba le lesome le bongwe le basetsana ba mawelana. Tsietsi o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke go nna le seabe ga ga rraagwe mo bodumeding le mo setšhabeng, mme seo se ne sa mo thusa go nna moeteledipele le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":1" /> == Thuto le tiro ya gagwe == O simolotse go ithuta kwa Amajeli crèche ka 1963, mme morago ga moo a tsena kwa sekolong se se potlana sa Seoding Lower le kwa Itshepeng.<ref name=":1" /> Ka 1971, o ne a ikwadisa kwa sekolong se segolo sa Morris Isaacson kwa Soweto, koo a neng a itlhaganela go itsege jaaka moithuti yo o botlhale le yo o nang le bokgoni. O ne a nna moeteledipele wa setlhopha se se neng se ngangisana, a nna molaodi, a bo a nna poresidente wa mokgatlho wa basha wa Methodist wa ga Wesley.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">https://sthp.saha.org.za/memorial/articles/young_cool_and_defiant.htm</ref> Kgatlhego ya gagwe ya go rata go kwala le go ngangisana e ne ya dira gore a bidiwe 'tsala ya ga Shakespeare mo Aforika' ke balekane ba gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> Temogo ya sepolotiki ya gagwe e ne ya bopega thata ke morutabana wa gagwe Abram Onkgopotse Tiro, yo o neng a mo itsise megopolo ya temoso ya bantsho le hisetori ya dintwa tsa Aforika le lefatshe ka bophara kgatlhanong le kgatelelo.<ref name=":1" /> Tsietsi e ne e le moeteledipele yo o molemo fa a ne a le kwa sekolong, mme o ne a ratiwa ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa gagwe mo dithutong, go nna moatleletiki, le mokgwa wa gagwe o o tlhomologileng wa dingwaga tsa bo1970.<ref name=":2" /> Gape e ne e le mokwadi wa Rand Daily Mail Extra.<ref name=":2" /> Seabe sa botlhokwa sa ga Mashinini se tlile ka 1976, fa a ne a rulaganya le go etelela pele ditshupetso tsa baithuti kgatlhanong le pholisi ya puso ya tlhaolele ya go pateletsa Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong tsa bantsho. Kitsiso ya kagiso ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976 e ne ya gakala go nna khuduego ya kwa Soweto, e e neng ya fetola hisetori ya Aforika Borwa, mme ya baka dintsho mme ya supa phetogo e kgolo mo kgaratlhong kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/tsietsi-mashinini-1957</ref> == Metswedi == hjkohe6xd3672e59pifsvbxi1g3wdib 40875 40874 2025-06-28T17:33:12Z Kgakgi 10857 40875 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teboho Tsietsi MacDonald Mashinini''', o tshotswe ka 27 Ferikgong 1957 kwa [[Soweto]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ne e le moeteledipele wa baithuti yo o itsegeng le motho wa botlhokwa mo mokgatlhong o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":0">https://emagazinefirst-legendary.blogspot.com/2012/</ref> O gopolwa ka seabe sa gagwe sa botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng le go etelela pele khuduego ya Soweto ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976, fa diketekete tsa baithuti ba bantsho ba neng ba ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le pholisi ya puso ya tlhaolele ya go pateletsa Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong. Mogwanto o a neng a thusa go o rulaganya o ne wa fetoga go nna khuduego ya setšhaba sotlhe fa mapodise a sena go thuntsha baithuti, mme seo sa felela ka gore go swe batho ba le bantsi mme seno sa dira gore ditšhaba tse dingwe di lemoge bosetlhogo jwa puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":0" /> == Botshelo jwa pele le lelapa la gagwe == Teboho o belegetswe kwa Central Western Jabavu, Soweto.<ref name=":1">https://sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le lesometharo ba ga Ramothibi Mashinini, moreri wa lekoko mo kerekeng ya Methodist, le Nomkhitha Virginia Mashinini. O goletse mo lelapeng le legolo le le neng le na le basimane ba le lesome le bongwe le basetsana ba mawelana. Tsietsi o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke go nna le seabe ga ga rraagwe mo bodumeding le mo setšhabeng, mme seo se ne sa mo thusa go nna moeteledipele le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a nyala Welma Campbell, yo pele e neng e le Mohumagadi wa Liberia e bile e le morwadia leloko la palamente. Banyalani bano ba ne ba na le barwadi ba babedi, Nomkhitha le Thembi, mme kgabagare lenyalo la bone le ne la thubega.<ref name=":1" /> == Thuto le tiro ya gagwe == O simolotse go ithuta kwa Amajeli crèche ka 1963, mme morago ga moo a tsena kwa sekolong se se potlana sa Seoding Lower le kwa Itshepeng.<ref name=":1" /> Ka 1971, o ne a ikwadisa kwa sekolong se segolo sa Morris Isaacson kwa Soweto, koo a neng a itlhaganela go itsege jaaka moithuti yo o botlhale le yo o nang le bokgoni. O ne a nna moeteledipele wa setlhopha se se neng se ngangisana, a nna molaodi, a bo a nna poresidente wa mokgatlho wa basha wa Methodist wa ga Wesley.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">https://sthp.saha.org.za/memorial/articles/young_cool_and_defiant.htm</ref> Kgatlhego ya gagwe ya go rata go kwala le go ngangisana e ne ya dira gore a bidiwe 'tsala ya ga Shakespeare mo Aforika' ke balekane ba gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> Temogo ya sepolotiki ya gagwe e ne ya bopega thata ke morutabana wa gagwe Abram Onkgopotse Tiro, yo o neng a mo itsise megopolo ya temoso ya bantsho le hisetori ya dintwa tsa Aforika le lefatshe ka bophara kgatlhanong le kgatelelo.<ref name=":1" /> Tsietsi e ne e le moeteledipele yo o molemo fa a ne a le kwa sekolong, mme o ne a ratiwa ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa gagwe mo dithutong, go nna moatleletiki, le mokgwa wa gagwe o o tlhomologileng wa dingwaga tsa bo1970.<ref name=":2" /> Gape e ne e le mokwadi wa Rand Daily Mail Extra.<ref name=":2" /> Seabe sa botlhokwa sa ga Mashinini se tlile ka 1976, fa a ne a rulaganya le go etelela pele ditshupetso tsa baithuti kgatlhanong le pholisi ya puso ya tlhaolele ya go pateletsa Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong tsa bantsho. Kitsiso ya kagiso ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976 e ne ya gakala go nna khuduego ya kwa Soweto, e e neng ya fetola hisetori ya Aforika Borwa, mme ya baka dintsho mme ya supa phetogo e kgolo mo kgaratlhong kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/tsietsi-mashinini-1957</ref> Fa a sena go lemogiwa jaaka moeteledipele wa khuduego, Mashinini o ne a patelediwa go ya botshwarwa go tshaba go bogisiwa ke puso ya tlhaolele. O ne a tshabela kwa Lontone mme moragonyana a nna kwa dinageng di le mmalwa tsa Aforika, go akaretsa le Liberia, kwa a neng a nyala Welma Campbell.<ref name=":1" /> Morago ga gore lenyalo la bone le thubegae, Mashinini o ne a tswelela ka ditiro tsa gagwe kwa moseja, a bua mo diforamong tsa boditšhabatšhaba jaaka United Nations go tlhagisa bosetlhogo jwa tlhaolele. == Loso la gagwe == Mashinini o ne a tlhokafala a le kwa botshwarong kwa Guinea ka 1990 mo maemong a a sa itsiweng, go begwa gore o ne a gobetse thata gongwe ka ntlha ya tlhaselo, le fa gone dipego dingwe di akantsha gore o ne a lwala ka mabaka a mangwe. Mmele wa gagwe o ne wa busediwa kwa Aforika Borwa mme a fitlhwa kwa Avalon Cemetery, kwa lebitla la gagwe le nang le mokwalo o o reng "Black Power". Tsietsi Mashinini o gakologelwa jaaka moeteledipele yo o neng a sena poifo e bile a na le tlhotlheletso yo boswa jwa gagwe bo nnelang ruri mo dipegong tsa hisitori tsa ntwa ya go lwela kgololesego ya Aforika Borwa == Metswedi == [[Category:Batho ba kwa Soweto]] [[Category:1957]] [[Category:Maso a 1990]] [[Category:khuduego ya Aforika Borwa]] [[Category:Methodists tsa Aforika Borwa]] [[Category:Dintshontsho tse di sa rarabololwang mo Aforika]] ctimvc96rcc8igqqrgrdot7se539lqg 40876 40875 2025-06-28T17:33:41Z Kgakgi 10857 40876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teboho Tsietsi MacDonald Mashinini''', o tshotswe ka 27 Ferikgong 1957 kwa [[Soweto]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ne e le moeteledipele wa baithuti yo o itsegeng le motho wa botlhokwa mo mokgatlhong o o kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":0">https://emagazinefirst-legendary.blogspot.com/2012/</ref> O gopolwa ka seabe sa gagwe sa botlhokwa mo go rulaganyeng le go etelela pele khuduego ya Soweto ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976, fa diketekete tsa baithuti ba bantsho ba neng ba ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le pholisi ya puso ya tlhaolele ya go pateletsa Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong. Mogwanto o a neng a thusa go o rulaganya o ne wa fetoga go nna khuduego ya setšhaba sotlhe fa mapodise a sena go thuntsha baithuti, mme seo sa felela ka gore go swe batho ba le bantsi mme seno sa dira gore ditšhaba tse dingwe di lemoge bosetlhogo jwa puso ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":0" /> == Botshelo jwa pele le lelapa la gagwe == Teboho o belegetswe kwa Central Western Jabavu, Soweto.<ref name=":1">https://sahistory.org.za/people/teboho-tsietsi-mashinini</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le lesometharo ba ga Ramothibi Mashinini, moreri wa lekoko mo kerekeng ya Methodist, le Nomkhitha Virginia Mashinini. O goletse mo lelapeng le legolo le le neng le na le basimane ba le lesome le bongwe le basetsana ba mawelana. Tsietsi o ne a tlhotlhelediwa thata ke go nna le seabe ga ga rraagwe mo bodumeding le mo setšhabeng, mme seo se ne sa mo thusa go nna moeteledipele le go nna le seabe mo ditirong tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a nyala Welma Campbell, yo pele e neng e le Mohumagadi wa Liberia e bile e le morwadia leloko la palamente. Banyalani bano ba ne ba na le barwadi ba babedi, Nomkhitha le Thembi, mme kgabagare lenyalo la bone le ne la thubega.<ref name=":1" /> == Thuto le tiro ya gagwe == O simolotse go ithuta kwa Amajeli crèche ka 1963, mme morago ga moo a tsena kwa sekolong se se potlana sa Seoding Lower le kwa Itshepeng.<ref name=":1" /> Ka 1971, o ne a ikwadisa kwa sekolong se segolo sa Morris Isaacson kwa Soweto, koo a neng a itlhaganela go itsege jaaka moithuti yo o botlhale le yo o nang le bokgoni. O ne a nna moeteledipele wa setlhopha se se neng se ngangisana, a nna molaodi, a bo a nna poresidente wa mokgatlho wa basha wa Methodist wa ga Wesley.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">https://sthp.saha.org.za/memorial/articles/young_cool_and_defiant.htm</ref> Kgatlhego ya gagwe ya go rata go kwala le go ngangisana e ne ya dira gore a bidiwe 'tsala ya ga Shakespeare mo Aforika' ke balekane ba gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> Temogo ya sepolotiki ya gagwe e ne ya bopega thata ke morutabana wa gagwe Abram Onkgopotse Tiro, yo o neng a mo itsise megopolo ya temoso ya bantsho le hisetori ya dintwa tsa Aforika le lefatshe ka bophara kgatlhanong le kgatelelo.<ref name=":1" /> Tsietsi e ne e le moeteledipele yo o molemo fa a ne a le kwa sekolong, mme o ne a ratiwa ka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa gagwe mo dithutong, go nna moatleletiki, le mokgwa wa gagwe o o tlhomologileng wa dingwaga tsa bo1970.<ref name=":2" /> Gape e ne e le mokwadi wa Rand Daily Mail Extra.<ref name=":2" /> Seabe sa botlhokwa sa ga Mashinini se tlile ka 1976, fa a ne a rulaganya le go etelela pele ditshupetso tsa baithuti kgatlhanong le pholisi ya puso ya tlhaolele ya go pateletsa Sejakolobe jaaka puo ya go ruta mo dikolong tsa bantsho. Kitsiso ya kagiso ka 16 Seetebosigo 1976 e ne ya gakala go nna khuduego ya kwa Soweto, e e neng ya fetola hisetori ya Aforika Borwa, mme ya baka dintsho mme ya supa phetogo e kgolo mo kgaratlhong kgatlhanong le tlhaolele.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/tsietsi-mashinini-1957</ref> Fa a sena go lemogiwa jaaka moeteledipele wa khuduego, Mashinini o ne a patelediwa go ya botshwarwa go tshaba go bogisiwa ke puso ya tlhaolele. O ne a tshabela kwa Lontone mme moragonyana a nna kwa dinageng di le mmalwa tsa Aforika, go akaretsa le Liberia, kwa a neng a nyala Welma Campbell.<ref name=":1" /> Morago ga gore lenyalo la bone le thubegae, Mashinini o ne a tswelela ka ditiro tsa gagwe kwa moseja, a bua mo diforamong tsa boditšhabatšhaba jaaka United Nations go tlhagisa bosetlhogo jwa tlhaolele. == Loso la gagwe == Mashinini o ne a tlhokafala a le kwa botshwarong kwa Guinea ka 1990 mo maemong a a sa itsiweng, go begwa gore o ne a gobetse thata gongwe ka ntlha ya tlhaselo, le fa gone dipego dingwe di akantsha gore o ne a lwala ka mabaka a mangwe. Mmele wa gagwe o ne wa busediwa kwa Aforika Borwa mme a fitlhwa kwa Avalon Cemetery, kwa lebitla la gagwe le nang le mokwalo o o reng "Black Power". Tsietsi Mashinini o gakologelwa jaaka moeteledipele yo o neng a sena poifo e bile a na le tlhotlheletso yo boswa jwa gagwe bo nnelang ruri mo dipegong tsa hisitori tsa ntwa ya go lwela kgololesego ya Aforika Borwa == Metswedi == [[Category:Batho ba kwa Soweto]] [[Category:1957]] [[Category:Maso a 1990]] [[Category:khuduego ya Aforika Borwa]] [[Category:Methodists tsa Aforika Borwa]] [[Category:Dintshontsho tse di sa rarabololwang mo Aforika]] n5lsiyjfqt8ibxfiw9tsik2pigi9ez6