Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.7 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 10516 40884 40072 2025-06-29T20:26:28Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 40884 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Antjie Krog''' ( yo o tshotsweng ka 1952 ) ke mokwadi le morutegi wa Aforikaborwa, yo o itsegeng thata ka poko ya gagwe ya Seaforikanse, go bega ga gagwe ka ga Khomišene ya Boammaaruri le Poelano, le buka ya gagwe ya 1998 ya ''Country of My Skull'' . Ka 2004, o ne a tsenela legoro la Botsweretshi la Yunibesithi ya Kapa Bophirima jaaka Moporofesara yo o sa Tlwaelegang. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Antjie Krog|url=http://www.uwc.ac.za/?module=cms&action=showfulltext&id=gen11Srv7Nme54_3495_1210050540&sectionid=gen11Srv7Nme54_7730_1210050537|publisher=[[University of the Western Cape]]}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa ntlha le thuto == [[Setshwantsho:Antjie_Krog_2021.jpg|thumb| Antjie Krog (2021)]] Krog o tshotswe ka 1952 mo lelapeng la bakwadi ba Seaforikanse, mme e ne e le morwadia mokwadi wa Seaforikanse Dot Serfontein . O goletse mo polaseng kwa Kroonstad kwa Orange Foreisetata . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Vijoen|first=Louise|date=2009-03-01|title=Antjie Krog: Extended Biography|url=https://www.poetryinternational.org/pi/cou_article/29843/Antjie-Krog/en/tile|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Poetry International}}</ref> Tiro ya gagwe ya dikwalo e simolotse ka 1970 fa, kwa setlhoeng sa dingwaga tsa tlhaolele tsa ga John Vorster, a ne a kwala leboko le le kgatlhanong le tlhaolele le le bidiwang "My mooi land" ("Naga ya me e ntle") mo makasineng wa sekolo sa gagwe. Leboko le ne la simolola ka mola o o reng, " ''Kyk, ek bou vir my 'n land / waar 'n vel niks tel nie'' " ("Ke ikagela naga e mmala wa letlalo o sa reng sepe mo go yone"). <ref>{{Cite news|last=Garman|first=Anthea|date=February 2009|title=Antjie Krog, Self and Society: The Making and Mediation of a Public Intellectual in South Africa.|url=https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/7957/Anthea%20Garman%20PhD%20Thesis%202009.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=McDonald|first=Peter|date=2020-09-01|title=An exchange with Antjie Krog|url=https://artefactsofwriting.com/2020/09/01/art-action-an-exchange-with-antjie-krog/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Art & Action (Artefacts of Writing)}}</ref> E ne ya baka tlhakatlhakano mo morafeng wa gagwe o o buang puo ya Seaforikanse mme e ne ya begwa mo metsweding ya dikgang ya bosetšhaba. Bolumo ya ntlha ya poko ya ga Krog, Dogter van Jefta ("Morwadia Jefta"), e ne ya phasaladiwa ka bonako morago ga moo, fa Krog a ne a santse a le dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa fela. "My mooi land" e ne ya ranolelwa kwa morago ke Ronnie Kasrils mme ya phasaladiwa mo kgatisong ya Secheba ya Ferikgong 1971, kgatiso ya semmuso ya African National Congress (ANC) kwa Lontone. Go begwa fa Ahmed Kathrada wa ANC a badile poko e kwa godimo morago ga go gololwa kwa Robben Island.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2015-10-16|title=Words of passion and power from Antjie Krog|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2015-10-16-words-of-passion-and-power-from-antjie-krog/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> <ref name=":3" /> Krog o na le BA (Hons) go tswa kwa Yunibesithing ya Orange Free State (1976), MA mo Afrikaans go tswa kwa Yunibesithing ya Pretoria (1983), le diploma ya go ruta go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithi ya Aforika Borwa|Yunibesithing ya Aforikaborwa]] . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Antjie Krog, Author at LitNet|url=https://www.litnet.co.za/author/antjie-krog/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=LitNet}}</ref> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Antjie Krog|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/antjie-krog|access-date=2021-11-06|website=South African History Online}}</ref> == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == === Dingwaga tsa bo 1980: Mmoki le molweladitshwanelo === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980 le tsa ntlha tsa bo 1990, a nna le monna wa gagwe le bana ba bannye kwa Kroonstad, Krog o ne a ruta kwa sekolong se segolwane sa bantsho le kholetšhe ya barutabana. Kwa Kroonstad, o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo sepolotiking ⁇ a tsenela dikopano le ditshupetso tsa ANC ⁇ mme a nna le seabe mo Khonkereseng ya Bakwadi ba Aforika Borwa, e e tlhomilweng ka 1987. <ref name=":3"/> O ne a lalediwa go buisa leboko kwa kopanong ya " Golola [[Nelson Mandela|Mandela]] " kwa motsesetoropong wa Maokeng . <ref name=":3" /> Ditiro tsa gagwe tse di kgatlhanong le tlhaolele mo nakong eno, le letlhoo le ba neng ba le tsosa mo bathong ba basweu ba ba neng ba le mo lefelong leo, ke setlhogo sa tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha ya poko, Relaas van 'n moord (1995; "Pego ya Polao"). === Dingwaga tsa bo 1990: Mmegadikgang kwa TRC === Ka 1993, Krog o ne a nna morulaganyi wa lokwalodikgang lwa Afrikaans le le neng le sa tlhole le le teng, Die Suid-Afrikaan ("The South African"). <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Antjie Krog|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/author/antjie-krog|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Penguin Random House South Africa}}</ref> Ka 1993, Krog o ne a nna morulaganyi wa Afrikaans e jaanong e sa tlholeng e le teng. Go tloga ka 1995 go fitlha ka 2000, e ne e le mmegadikgang wa radio kwa South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). <ref name=":1"/> O ne a etelela pele setlhopha sa radio se se neng se bega ka Khomišene ya Boammaaruri le Poelano (TRC) go tloga ka 1996 go fitlha ka 1998, mme go bega ga gagwe mo pakeng eno go ne ga nna motheo wa tiro ya gagwe ya bobedi ya porosa, ''Country of My Skull'' (1998). Krog o ne a bega ka leina la gagwe la lenyalo, Antjie Samuel. <ref name=":8" /> === 2000s–gompieno: mokwadi, morutegi, le motlhalefi wa setšhaba === Mo masomeng a mabedi a dingwaga a a fetileng, Krog o gatisitse dibolumo di le tharo tsa maboko a masha, dibolumo di le nne tsa poko le buka ya ditlhamo, le dithanolo di le mmalwa, go akaretsa tse pedi tse di tswang mo dipuong tsa selegae tsa Afrika. Krog o ne gape a ranolela buka ya botshelo jwa ga [[Nelson Mandela]], ''Tsamao e telele ya Kgololesego'', ka Seaforikanse. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Krog|first=Antjie|date=2018|title=In his own words?|url=https://www.ciol.org.uk/his-own-words|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Chartered Institute of Linguists}}</ref> O ranola ka metlha go tswa mo Sedatšheng go ya kwa Seaforikaans jaaka tiro ya go kwala. <ref name=":3"/> Morago ga go gatisiwa ga Country of My Skull, Krog o ne a neela motseletsele wa dithero ka TRC kwa Yuropa le United States. <ref name=":7"/> Bosheng jaana, o ne a ruta khoso ya thanolo kwa Setheong sa Dibuka Tse di Bapisiwang le Setšhaba sa Yunibesithi ya Columbia . <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|title=Centre for Multilingualism and Diversities Research People: Research Fellows|url=https://www.uwc.ac.za/study/all-areas-of-study/centres/centre-for-multilingualism-and-diversities-research/people|access-date=2021-11-06|website=University of the Western Cape}}</ref> E ne e le mokwadi wa mo ntlong kwa Dutch Foundation for Literature kwa tshimologong ya 2019, kwa Ghent University ka 2020, le kwa Leiden University ka letlhabula la 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antjie Krog as WiR in Amsterdam|url=http://www.letterenfonds.nl/en/entry/2228/antjie-krog-as-wir-in-amsterdam|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Nederlands Letterenfonds|archive-date=2019-01-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130161718/http://www.letterenfonds.nl/en/entry/2228/antjie-krog-as-wir-in-amsterdam|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antjie Krog writer in residence at Leiden University this autumn|url=https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/news/2021/06/210607-antjie-krog-writer-in-residence|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Leiden University|date=7 June 2021}}</ref> Fa e sale ka 2004, e ntse e le Moporofesa wa Kakaretso kwa Yunibesithing ya Kapa Bophirima le motlhatlheledi wa dipatlisiso kwa Senthareng ya Dipatlisiso tsa go Bua ka Diteme tse Dintsi le Ditšhono tse di Farologaneng, mme ka metlha o gatisa dikakgelo tsa bokwadi.. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":9"/> == Botshelo jwa gagwe ka sebele == Krog o nyetse moagi wa dipolane tsa matlo e bong John Samuel. <ref name=":4"/> O na le bana ba le bane – Andries, Susan, Philip, le Willem – le ditlogolwana di le 11. == Tsa Poko == . <ref name=":1"/> Krog o boletse gore kokoanyo ya gagwe ya borataro, ''Jerusalemgangers'' (1985), e ne e le ya ntlha go nna le "motheo o o feletseng wa sepolotiki." <ref name=":3"/> O kwala thata ka ditemana tse di gololesegileng. <ref name=":1" /> Dikwadi tsa poko tsa ga Krog di a tlotlomadiwa mo Afrika Borwa. O fentse dikgele di le tharo tsa Hertzog le dikgele tse dingwe di le mmalwa tsa bosetšhaba. Dikakgelo tsa gagwe di ile tsa ranolelwa mo Seesemaneng, Se-Dutch, Sefora le mo dipuong tse dingwe di le mmalwa. <ref name=":1"/> E ne ya gatisiwa la ntlha ka Seesemane mo bukeng ya ''Down to Last Skin'' (2000). Fa a sekaseka Kleur (2000), Leon de Kock o kwadile jaana, "O tlhakatlhakanya dithoto, tsa thobalano le tsa sepolotiki... o gana go tlogela go leka go bua mantswe a naga." <ref name=":5"/> Mo pading ya ga J. M. Coetzee ya ''Tayari ya Ngwaga o o Maswe'', moanelwamogolo o bua se se latelang ka ga Krog : .<blockquote>Setlhogo sa gagwe ke se segolo: maitemogelo a hisitori mo Afrika Borwa ya nako ya gagwe. Bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go nna mmoki bo ne jwa gola fa a ne a lebana le kgwetlho eno, a gana go nyenyefadiwa. Boikanyego jo bo feletseng jo bo tshegediwang ke botlhale jo bo tseneletseng, jwa bosadi, le boitemogelo jo bo amang pelo jo o ka bo dirisang... Ga go na ope kwa Australia yo o ka kwalang a le mo molelong o o tshwanang le ono. Tiragalo eno ya ga Antjie Krog e lebega e le ya kwa Russia. Mo Afrika Borwa, fela jaaka kwa Russia, botshelo bo ka nna jwa bo bo le maswe; mme a bo moya wa bopelokgale o tsiboga jang ne! <ref>{{Cite book|pages=199}}</ref></blockquote> == Porosa le e e seng ya tlhamane == O itsege thata ka buka ya gagwe ya Country of My Skull (1998), e e theilweng mo maitemogelong a gagwe a go bega ka TRC. E na le dilo tse di tshwanang le tsa buka ya gagwe ya dipale le ya dibidio, mme moragonyana e ne ya dirwa filimi ka 2004 e e neng e tshameka ke Samuel L. Jackson le Juliette Binoche. A Change of Tongue (2003), e leng buka ya bobedi ya ga Krog e e kwadilweng ka Seesimane, e bua ka kgatelopele e e dirilweng ⁇ mo Aforika Borwa le mo botshelong jwa ga Krog ⁇ fa e sale ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa temokerasi ka 1994.[ 1] Ke motswako wa segompieno wa ditlhamane, maboko le dipego, o kopanya dikgang tsa botshelo jwa motho le dikgang tsa batho ba bangwe go kwala ka go kgaratlhela go itse gore motho ke mang, boammaaruri le go bona poloko. Setlhogo sa buka se na le bokao jwa sepolotiki le jwa poraefete: seabe se se fokotsegang sa Seaforikanse mo puisanong ya setšhaba se bontshiwa ke go tshabela ga gagwe mo Seesemaneng jaaka puo ya tiro ya gagwe. Fa a bua ka dikopano tse a nnileng le tsone le Mandela fa a ntse a ranolela buka ya gagwe ya botshelo jwa gagwe mo puong ya Seaforikanse, o akanya ka kamano ya gagwe le puo ya Seaforikanse, e e neng e amana thata le tlhaolele. Begging to be Black (2009) e na le sebopego se se tshwanang le ditlhogo tse di tshwanang le tsa ga Krog tsa bogologolo tsa Seesemane, mme mogatisi wa gagwe o e phasalatsa jaaka ya boraro mo thulaganyong e e seng ya semmuso.. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Begging To Be Black|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/book/begging-be-black/9781770220706|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Penguin Random House}}</ref> ''There Was This Goat: Investigating the Truth Commission Testimony of Notrose Nobomvu Konile (2009) ke tiro ya thuto e e seng ya tlhamane, e kwadilwe mmogo le Nosisi Mpolweni le Kopano Ratele. Buka e e latela maiteko a bakwadi a go tlhalosa maitemogelo a mosadi yo o sa nyalang, yo bopaki jwa gagwe jwa TRC ka ga loso lwa morwawe, jo bo neng bo neetswe ka Se-Xhosa, bo utlwala bo sa tlwaelega e bile bo sa tlhaloganyege mo go ba ba reeditseng thanolo ya Seesemane''. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last=Basson|first=Adriaan|date=2009-06-05|title=The dream truths of Notrose Konile|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2009-06-05-the-dream-truths-of-notrose-konile/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Mokwalo wa ga Krog o tlhotlheleditswe ke J.M. Coetzee le Njabulo Ndebele, mmogo le ka dibuka tse di farologaneng tse di ranotsweng go tswa mo dipuong tsa tlholego tsa Afrika, tse a reng fa di kopantswe tsotlhe "di bolokile botshelo jwa [gagwe]":<blockquote>Mekwalo ya Seaforika e ne ya nnaya tsela ya go bona lefatshe le ke neng ke ntse ke tshela le lone botshelo jwa me jotlhe, mme ke ne ke sa le itse (boteng jwa lone jo bo tseneletseng, botebo le bontle jwa lone), fa Coetzee ene a ne a nnaya didirisiwa tsa go le tlhatlhoba ka tsela e e nang le bokao. <ref name=":3"/></blockquote> == Diphetolelo tsa motshameko le tsa bobogelo == Setshameko se le sengwe fela sa terama ya ga Krog, Why is dié wat voor toyi-toyi altyd so vet? ("Ke ka ntlha yang fa batho ba ba tshamekang ka tsela eno ba nna ba le bakima jaana?") E ne ya tshamekiwa ka 1999, e bulwa kwa Aardklop Arts Festival. Setshameko seno se ne sa tsamaisiwa ke Marthinus Basson. Kwa 1999/2000 FNB Vita Regional Theatre Awards (Bloemfontein), tlhagiso e ne ya tlhophiwa go amogela dikgele di le supa, go akarediwa tlhagiso e e gaisang le sekwalwa se se gaisang sa motshameko o mošwa wa Aforika Borwa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2000-06-20|title=FNB Vita Regional Theatre Awards 1999/2000|url=http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=12868|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Artslink|archive-date=2021-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108020756/https://artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=12868|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka mafoko a ga Krog, terama e ka ga "maiteko a merafe e mebedi go tsena mo puisanong." Thanolo ya ga Krog ya Seaforikanse ya ''Mamma Medea'' ka Tom Lanoye e ne ya tshamekiwa mo Aforika Borwa ka 2002, le yona ka fa tlase ga kaelo ya ga Basson. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|date=2018-10-22|title=Antjie Krog (1952–)|url=https://www.litnet.co.za/antjiekrog-1952/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=LitNet}}</ref> ''<nowiki/>'n Ander tongval'', thanolo ya Seaforikanse ya buka ya gagwe ''ya Phetogo ya Leleme,'' e ne ya fetolelwa go dirisiwa mo bobogelong ke Saartjie Botha mme ya tshamekiwa ka 2008 ka fa tlase ga kaelo ya ga Jaco Bouwer. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-07-31|title=Smorgabord of Afrikaans theatre|url=http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=6050|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Artslink|archive-date=2021-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107001310/https://artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=6050|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tatofatso ya go utswa == Ka 2006, mmoki Stephen Watson, yo ka nako eo e neng e le tlhogo ya lefapha la Seesimane kwa Yunibesithing ya Cape Town, o ne a latofatsa Krog ka gore o kopile dilo mo mothong yo mongwe. Fa a ne a kwala mo kgatisong ya New Contrast, o ne a bolela gore Country of My Skull e ne e dirisa mafoko a a tswang mo bukeng ya ga Ted Hughes ya 1976 e e reng, "Tlhamane le Thuto". Watson o ne gape a bolela gore kgopolo ya Die sterre sê 'tsau', e e tlhophilweng ka 2004 ya maboko a merafe ya selegae e e rulagantsweng le go ranolwa ke Krog, e ne e tserwe mo kgoboketsong e e tshwanang e a e gatisitseng ka 1991. <ref name=":13" /> Krog o ne a ganetsa ditatofatso tseno ka botlalo, a re o ne a sa itse ka tlhamo ya ga Hughes go fitlha morago ga gore a gatise ''Country of My Skull'', le gore o ne a akgola metswedi ya gagwe sentle mo go ''Die sterre sê ' tsau ''' . <ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/21/books.southafrica|title=South African author accused of plagiarism|last=Carroll|first=Rory|website=The Guardian|date=21 February 2006|access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref> == Ditiro == === Tsa Poko === '''Collected poems''' * ''Bogologolo'' (2004) * ''Epa ya mafoko: 'n keur'' (2009), e e kokoantsweng ke Krog * ( ''2020'' ), e e rulagantsweng ke Karen de Wet * ''Go ya kwa Letlalong la me la Bofelo'' (2000) * ''Letlalo'' (2013) '''Poko ya bana''' * ''Ditshenekegi'' (1989) * ''Dipina tsa Botlhokwa'' (1992) * ( ''2007'' ; thanolo ya Seesemane: ''Dikinane tsa Fynbos'' ), le Fiona Moodie <ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-06-13|title=Fynbos Fairies launches at the CTBF and you're invited. See what Antjie Krog has to say about this delightful book of children's verse|url=https://www.litnet.co.za/fynbos-fairies-launches-at-the-ctbf/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=LitNet}}</ref> === Dibuka tsa poko === * (1998), kokoanyo ya poko ya Seaforikanse ''e e tsosang'' keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo, e e rulagantsweng mmogo le Johann de Lange * ''Met woorde soos met kerse'' (2002), poko e e tlhophilweng ka dipuo tsa tlholego tsa Aforika Borwa, e e rulagantsweng le go ranolelwa mo puong ya Seaforikanse ke Krog . * ''Die sterre sê 'tsau''' (2004), tlhopho ya maboko a le 35 [[Basarwa|a Sesan]], a a rulagantsweng le go ranolelwa mo puong ya Seaforikanse ke Krog . === Porosa le e e seng ya tlhamane === * ''Relaas van 'n Moord'' ( 1995 ; thanolo ya Seesemane: ''Pego ya Polao'', 1997) * ''Naga ya Legata la me'' (1998) * ''Phetogo ya Leleme'' (2003) * ''Go kopa go nna Montsho'' (2009) * ''Go ne go na le Podi e: Go Batlisisa Bosupi jwa Khomišene ya Boammaaruri jwa ga Notrose Nobomvu Konile'' (2009), le Nosisi Mpolweni le Kopano Ratele <ref name=":11"/> * ''Paka ya Maemo: Kgakologelo le Tlotlofoko morago ga Khomišene ya Boammaaruri le Poelano ya Aforikaborwa'' (2013) * ''Lang pad na vryheid'' (2000), go tswa go ''Tsamao e Telele ya Seesemane go ya Kgololesegong'' ka [[Nelson Mandela]] * ''Lefelo la Galase'' (2002), go tswa mo hisitoring ya Madatšhe ''Een Mond vol Glas'' ka Henk van Woerden * ''Mamma Medea'' (2002), go tswa mo terameng ya Se-Dutch/Se-Flemish e e bidiwang ''Mamma Medea'' ka Tom Lanoye * ''Dirurubele tse dintsho: Maboko a a Tlhophilweng'' (2007), le André Brink, go tswa mo pokong ya Seaforikanse ya ga Ingrid Jonker * ''Die Maanling'' (2021), go tswa mo bukeng ya bana ya Seesemane ''ya The Moonling'' (2018) e e kwadilweng ke Tjaart Lehmacher le Paula Oelofsen <ref>{{Cite web|title=Die Maanling (hardeband)|url=https://themoonlingbook.com/products/Die-Maanling-p146245447|access-date=2021-11-06|website=The Moonling|archive-date=2021-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107001308/https://themoonlingbook.com/products/Die-Maanling-p146245447|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mokgele wa ga Eugene Marais ( 1973 ), wa ''dipina tsa Ferikgong'' <ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Antjie Krog|url=https://www.nb.co.za/bo/authors?authorId=440|access-date=2021-11-06|website=NB Publishers}}</ref> * Mokgele wa ga Reina Prinsen (1976) * Mokgele wa Pegelo (1987), wa ''dirukutlhi tsa Jerusalema'' <ref name=":15">{{Cite web|title=Antjie Krog|url=https://www.puku.co.za/authors/krog-antjie/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Puku|archive-date=2021-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107001305/https://www.puku.co.za/authors/krog-antjie/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mokgele wa Hertzog ( 1990 ), wa ga ''Mohumagatsana Anne'' <ref name=":3"/> * Kabo ya Poko ya FNB Vita (2000), ya ''Go ya kwa Letlalong la Me la Bofelo'' <ref name=":1"/> * RAU-Prys go tswa mo Tirong ya Dikwalo tsa Ditlhogo ( 2001 ), ya ''Kleur ga e ise e nne dingwaga di le dintsi'' <ref name=":14" /> * Mokgele wa Protea wa poko e e gaisang ya Seaforikanse ( 2006 ), ya ''Verweerskrif'' <ref name=":1" /> * Mokgele wa ga Elizabeth ( 2015 ), wa ''Mede-wete'' <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-05|title=Winners of the 2015 Media24 Books Literary Awards Announced in Cape Town|url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2015/06/05/winners-of-the-2015-media24-books-literary-awards-announced-in-cape-town/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Sunday Times Books}}</ref> * Mokgele wa Hertzog (2017), wa ''Mede-wete'' <ref name=":3" /> '''Porosa''' * Awate ya ga Alan Paton ya Dibuka tse e seng tsa Tlhamane (1999), ya ''Naga ya Legata la Me'' <ref name=":1"/> * Awate ya Nielsen ya Tlhopho ya Barekisi ba Dibuka (1999), ya ''Naga ya Legata la Me'' <ref name=":1" /> * Mokgele wa Olive Schreiner (2000), wa ''Naga ya Legata la Me'' <ref name=":1" /> * Awate ya Nielsen ya Tlhopho ya Barekisi ba Dibuka (2004), ya ''Phetogo ya Leleme'' <ref name=":1" /> '''Dithanolo''' * Awate ya Setheo sa Baranodi ba Aforikaborwa ya Thanolo e e Tlhomologileng ( 2001-3 ), ya ''Met woorde soos met kerse'' <ref>{{Cite web|date=28 June 2004|title=The SATI Award for Outstanding Translation 2003|url=http://www.translators.org.za/indexes/english/award-story2003.htm|publisher=South African Translators' Institute|access-date=8 May 2025|archive-date=30 July 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040730145813/http://www.translators.org.za/indexes/english/award-story2003.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Bobegadikgang''' * Awate ya Mokgatlho wa Bakwaladikgang ba Dinaga di Sele (1996) * Metlele ya Pringle ya ditirelo tse di tlhomologileng mo bobegadikgannyeng jwa Aforikaborwa (1997) Dikabo tseno ka bobedi tsa bobegadikgang di ne tsa abelanwa le setlhopha sotlhe sa go bega tsa TRC sa SABC. * Awate ya Mokgatlho wa Setso sa Kagiso ya Hiroshima ( 2000 ) <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Laureates|url=http://hiroshimafoundation.net/the-laureates/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Edita & Ira Morris Hiroshima Foundation}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> * Awate ya Klein Karoo ya Bosetšhaba ya Botsweretshi jwa Seaforikanse ya go akanya ka tsela e e nang le boitshimololedi ( 2004 ) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Honourees|url=https://www.kknk.co.za/eng/honored/|website=KKNK|access-date=7 November 2021|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516114723/https://kknk.co.za/eng/honored/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mokgele wa Mokgatlho o o Bulegileng wa Yunibesiti ya Yuropa Bogare ( 2005 ) <ref>{{Cite web|title=CEU Open Society Prize Winners|url=https://www.ceu.edu/open-society-prize/winners|access-date=2021-11-06|website=Central European University|archive-date=2017-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702115504/http://www.ceu.edu/open-society-prize/winners|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Awate ya Phitlhelelo ya Botshelo Jotlhe ya SALA ( 2015 ) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-09|title=2015 South African Literary Awards (SALAs) Winners Announced|url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2015/11/09/2015-south-african-literary-awards-salas-winners-announced/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Sunday Times Books}}</ref> * Motho yo o kwa godimo ( 2018 ) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-16|title=Krog first South African to receive prestigious Dutch cultural award|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/krog-first-south-african-receive-prestigious-dutch-cultural-award/|access-date=2021-11-06|website=SABC News.}}</ref> Gape Krog o abetswe dikerii tsa bongaka tsa tlotlo go tswa kwa Tliliniking ya Tavistock kwa Yunibesithing ya East London, kwa Yunibesithing ya Stellenbosch, kwa Yunibesithing ya Foreisetata, le kwa Yunibesithing ya Metropolitan ya Nelson Mandela . <ref name=":0"/>   == Metswedi == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Puiso e nngwe == '''Seaforikanse:''' * Konradie, Pitere. ''Go tlhokomelwa ga dibuka tsa Antjie Krog-teks.'' Mofuta o mongwe: Bodirelo jwa Bosetšhaba jwa Ditlhare, 1996. <nowiki>ISBN 0620207191</nowiki> * Van Niekerk, Jakome. ''<nowiki/>'Lefoko le le phepa': boitshupo jo bo fetogang ka Antjie Krog.'' Pretoria: Van Schaik, 2016. <nowiki>ISBN 0627035302</nowiki> * Viljoen, Luise. ''Mo mefuteng e e sa fediseng pelo: dikopo kgotsa tiro e e dirilweng ke Antjie Krog.'' Bogatisetso jwa Letsatsi, 2009. <nowiki>ISBN 1920109986</nowiki> * Beukes, Marthinus. "Go tsalwa ga 'mosadi yo mosha': Antjie Krog le go tsalwa ga basadi e le tsela ya go bua ka maatla". In Shifting Selves: Post-Apartheid Essays on Mass Media, Culture and Identity (ed. Herman Wasserman & Sean Jacobs), 167 ⁇ 180. Cape Town: Kwela, 2003. ISBN 0795701640 * Borokwa, Dafide le Krog, Antjie. " [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1013929X.2011.572345 Dibuka tse e seng tsa tlhamane tsa boitlhamedi: motlotlo] " (potsolotso). ''Mokwalo wa Gajaana'' 23 (1): 57-70, 2011. DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2011.572345 * Garman, Anthea. ''Antjie Krog le Lefelo la Setšhaba la Morago ga Tlhaolele: Go Bua Poko le Puso.'' Pietermaritzburg: Bobegadikgang jwa Yunibesiti ya KwaZulu-Natal, 2015. <nowiki>ISBN 9781869142933</nowiki> * Krog, Mogale. " [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10131750485310111 'Nna, nna, nna, wa me!': Ditlhamane tsa boikwadiso le 'nna'] ". English Academy Review 22:100-107, 2005. DOI:10.1080/10131750485310111 Lütge, Judith & Coullie, Andries Visagie (motsamaisi). Antjie Krog: A Ethics of Body and Otherness. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2014. <nowiki>ISBN 1869142535</nowiki> McDonald, Peter D. "Mo godimo ga go ranola: Antjie Krog kgatlhanong le 'puo ya ga mmè.'" Mo bukeng ya Artefacts of Writing: Ideas of the State and Communities of Letters go tswa go Matthew Arnold go ya go Xu Bing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. ISBN 9780198725152 * Seterase, Helene. “ [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14725840600761112 Go tswa go Seaforikanere go ya go Seaforika: bosweu le dipolotiki tsa thanolo mo bukeng ya ga Antjie Krog ''ya Phetogo ya Leleme''] ”. ''Boitshupo jwa Aforika'' 4 (2): 179-194, 2006. DOI: 10.1080/14725840600761112 * Viljoen, Luise. " [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1013929X.2007.9678280 Mme jaaka sekwalwa sa pele ga sekwalwa: mokwalo wa botshelo jwa gagwe mo bukeng ya ga Antjie Krog ''ya A Change of Tongue''] ". ''Mokwalo wa Gajaana'' 19 (2): 187-209, 2007. DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2007.9678280 * Viljoen, Luise. " [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/18125441.2006.9684200 Thanolo le phetogo: Thanolo ya ga Antjie Krog ya ditemana tsa setso sa Aforikaborwa mo Seaforikanseng] ". ''Tlhatlhobo2'' 11 (1): 32-45, 2006. DOI: 10.1080/18125441.2006.9684200 * Bophirima, Marea. "Phetogo ya sole/moya: meriti ya bosweu mo go ''Phetogo ya Leleme'' ya ga Antjie Krog ". Mo go ''Basadi ba Basweu ba ba Kwalang Basweu: Boitshupo le Boemedi mo Dikwalong tsa (Morago ga) Tlhaolele tsa Aforika Borwa.'' Motsekapa: Dibuka tsa Aforika e Ntšhwa, 2012. <nowiki>ISBN 0864867158</nowiki> * Wikhomo, Zoe . "Ditlhangwa tse tlhano tsa Seaforikanere le tsosoloso ya bosweu". ''Boitshupo jwa Loago'' 23(1):363-383, 1998 == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle ==   * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101127044042/http://www.luxmagazine.nl/visionarythinkers/ Dibidio tsa thulaganyo ya thelebishene e e bontshang Krog] * [https://www.literaturfestival.com/medien/texte/eroeffnungsreden/krog-engl "Tshwarelo ya Aforika – e raraane thata mo Bophirima"] (puo ya pulo ya Moletlo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Dikwalo wa 2004 wa Berlin) {{Authority control}} [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> {{Reflist}} tvhx12cdm7jz34uo1v97lecdh753oxl 0 10696 40886 40791 2025-06-30T07:24:10Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya " Botaki jwa Aforika mo dikgobokanyong tsa kwa bophirima" 40886 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mask - Ibo - Nigeria - Royal Palace, Brussels.JPG|thumb|Setshwantsho sa sefatlhego sa Ibo kwa mabolokelonga ditso a Royal kwa Belgium]] Dilwana dingwe tsa Aforika di kgobakantswe ke batho ba Europe mo makgolong a dingwaga, go na le mehama e e dirang mefuta mengwe, bogolo jang ditshwantsho mo dinakeng tsa tlou, go rekisetsa marekisetso a kwa europe. Gareng ga dingwaga tsa 1890 le 1918, bontsi jwa botaki bo oketsegile fa dikolone tsa bophirima di anamago dira gore go ntshiwe botaki bongwe jwa borwa jwa Aforika jo bo neng jwa isiwa kwa Europe go supiwa.<ref>Coombes, Annie E. (1997). ''Reinventing Africa : museums, material culture and popular imagination in late Victorian and Edwardian England'' (2nd pr ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0300068905|0300068905]]</bdi>.</ref> Botraki bo bo tsene mo kgobokanyong ya mabolokelo a ditso, mabolokelo a botaki le tsa batho kwa Europe le United States. Masome a ferabongwe mo lekgolong jwa boswa jwa Aforika go dumelwa bo le kwa Europe, go ya ka baitseanape ba ditso tsa botaki kwa France.<ref>Owolabi, Tife (February 20, 2022). "[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-looted-benin-bronzes-returned-more-than-century-later-2022-02-19/ Nigeria's looted Benin bronzes returned, more than a century later]". ''www.reuters.com''. Retrieved 25 June 2025.</ref> Pele botaki bo bo ne bo supagala bo supa ngwao ya merafe e e farologaneng ya Aforika, mme lekgolong la dingwaga di le masome mabedi, batho ba ne ba simolola go bona mosola wa tsone jaaka dilwana tsa botaki. Kwa phelelong ya lekgolo la dingwaga ke gone botaki jwa sešha jwa Aforika bo neng bo simolola go bonwa bo na le mosola.<ref>Meier, Prita (2010). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27934077 Authenticity and ITS Modernist Discontents: The Colonial Encounter and African and Middle Eastern Art History]". ''The Arab Studies Journal''. '''18''' (1): 12–45. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1083-4753 1083-4753]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27934077 27934077].</ref> == Lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe == Pele ga bokopano jwa kwa Berlin jwa ngwaga wa 1885, bagwebi le babatlisisi kwa Aforika ba ne ba reka kgotsa ba utswa botaki go nna digakolodi,<ref name=":0">Enid Schildkrout and Curtis A. Keim, ed. (1998). ''The Scramble for Art in Central Africa''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> botaki jwa dinaka tsa tlou bo boneng bo aname go feta lotshitshi bo kgobokantswe mo makgolong a dingwaga, bontsi bo dirilwe ke ma Aforika go rekisetsa batho ba Europe, bogolo jang kwa mafelong a batho ba Portugal ba neng ba goroga kwa go one. Nako e go neng go kgobokanngwa digakolodi tse e ne ya salwa morago ke nako ya go kgokanya dietsele e dikgobokanyo tse dintsi tsa dibetsa, matlalo a diphologolo, dinaka mo matsomong a ba neng ba a dira.<ref name=":0" /> Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1870, dibopiwa tse di betlilweng di le dikete di ne tsa goroga kwa Europe morago ga bokolone le barongwa ba SeKeresete. Di le dintsi di netsa goroga kwa mabolokelong jaaka a Musee dÉthnographie du Trocadero o o butsweng ka ngwaga wa 1878 kwa Paris le ditoropokgolo tse dingwe kwa Europe.<ref name=":1">Denise, Murrell (April 2008). "[https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/african-influences-in-modern-art African Influences in Modern Art]". ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.</ref> Ka nakao eo, botaki bo ne bo tshwarwa jaaka dilo tse di ribolotsweng tsa dingwao tsa dikolone go na le go tshwarwa jaaka botaki jwa tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tase, bo gantsi bo rekisiwang kwa marekisetsong a a admang batho madi.<ref name=":1" /> Ka puisano ya go busediwa ga botaki jwa Aforika morago ga kitsiso ya ga tautona Emmanuel Macron wa France ka ngwaga wa 2017. == Kgobokanyo ya Europe == [[Setshwantsho:Reino de Oku, Museo de Arte Africano (34538765253).jpg|thumb|Diaparo tsa oku]] Ditso tse di farologaneng tsa mabolokelo kwa Europe le United States di amile go kgobokanngwa le go supiwa ga botaki jwa Aforika mo mafelong a mabedi a o.<ref>Berzock, Kathleen Bickford; Christa Clark (2011). ''Representing Africa in American Art Museums''. Seattle & London: University of Washington Press. pp. 3–19.</ref> Mabolokelo a ditso a kwa Europe, a simolotse e le metheo ya lefatshe ka jalo dikgobokanyo tsa one le ditshupo di ne di kgothadiwa ke kgatlhego ya batho. Botaki jwa Afroika gantsi bo ne bo bewa e le thuto ya ditso. Go lemoga boleng jwa dilwana tsa Aforika e le botaki kwa Europe go ne go dirwa fela kwa ditshupong tsa beng ba tsone mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le masome a mabedi. Kwa Paris, barekisi ba tshwana le Paul Guillaume, Charles Ratton le Louis Carre ba ne ba na le seabe mo tshimololong ya dikgobokanyo tsa botaki jwa Aforika. === Mabolokelo a ditso a bogosi a legare la Aforika kwa Belgium === Ka ngwaga wa 1897, Kgosi Leopold wa bobedi o ne a tsaya sebaka sa ditshupo tsa mafatshe tsa kwa Brussels kwa Tervuren go rotloetsa taolo ya gagwe kwa Congo Free State. == Metswedi == rm3v4ydbrrak493nlkfx6c83jjfeoki 0 10705 40885 40858 2025-06-30T06:44:54Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Pego ka dipoelo tsa boswa jwa ngwao ya Aforika 40885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book|authors=Felwine Sarr le Benedicte Savoy|language=e tlhamilwe ka French, ya ranolelwa kwa English|subject=Dipoelo tsa botaki jwa Africa go tswa mo dikgobokanyong tsa kwa France|publisher=Philippe Rey/Seuil, Paris|pub_date=Ngwanatsele, a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018|media_type=mo maranyaneng le buka e e rekisiwang ya se Fora.|pages=ditsebe di le masome a ferabobedi le boferabongwe|isbn=284876726X|oclc=1077598452|website=http://restitutionreport2018.com}} '''Dipoelo tsa boswa jwa ngwao ya [[Aferika|Aforika]]''' ke pego e e kwadilweng ke moithuti wa kwa [[Senegal]] ebile e le mokwadi Felwine Sarr le moitseanape wa ditso tsa botaki jwa kwa France Benedicte Savoy, e e gatisitsweng pele mo maranyaneng ka ngwaga wa 2018, kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le mo puong ya seFora, le thanolo e e letleletsweng ya se Esemane.<ref>[[:en:Felwine_Sarr|Sarr, Felwine;]] [[:en:Bénédicte_Savoy|Savoy, Bénédicte]] (21 November 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190328181703/http://restitutionreport2018.com/sarr_savoy_en.pdf "Rapport sur la restitution du patrimoine culturel africain. Vers une nouvelle éthique relationnelle"] [The Restitution of African Cultural Heritage. Toward a New Relational Ethics] (PDF) (Report) (in French and English). Paris. pp. 89 plus annexes (English version in pdf). [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1077598452 1077598452]. Archived from [http://restitutionreport2018.com/ the original] (pdf) on 27 June 2025.</ref> Ka thomo ya ga tautona wa kwa lefatsheng la France, Emmanuel Macron, maikaelelo a pego e ne e le go sekaseka ditso le seemo sa gompieno tsa botaki jwa Aforika jo bo kgobokantsweng kwa France, tse di tserweng ka mekgwa e e sa dumelesegeng, ga mmogo le mananeo a go a dikgato tsa dipoelo tse di tla diriwang. Pego e thata e ne e e fa dikgakololo tsa go baakanyetsa go busa, jaaka go berekisana mmogo jaaka mafatshe, go batlisisa, tsa semolao, le dilwana tse di amageng mo kgang e, le ditsela tsa go di supa mo isagong kwa mabolokelong a kwa Aforika a ditso. Ka ngwaga wa 2020, pego e le ditsibogelo tsa yone di ne tsa tsaya maemo a boraro mo go kalweng ga batho ba ba nng le tlhotlheletso mo lefatsheng ka bophara mo go tsa botaki, mo go dirilweng ke pampiri ya ArtReview;<ref>ArtReview. [https://artreview.com/power-100/?year=2020 "Power 100"]. ''artreview.com''. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref> motswedi wa TIME o ne wa tsenya bobedi bo mo bathong ba ba lekgolo ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>[[:en:David_Adjaye|Adjaye, David]] (15 September 2021). [https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2021/6095958/felwine-sarr-benedicte-savoy/ "Felwine Sarr and Bénédicte Savoy: TIME100 2021"]. ''Time''. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref> == Motheo == [[Setshwantsho:Homme-requin Dahomey.jpg|thumb|Sehikantswe sa bogosi sa kwa Dahomey, se emetse kgosiBehanzin ka setshwano sa tlhapi e tona]] Pego e e tsile morago ga mafoko a ga tautona Emmanuel Macron wa kwa France, ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi ngwaga wa 2018 kwa Ouagadougou, [[Burkina Faso]] , kwa a neng a bua ka molao wa France kwa borwa jwa Aforika.<ref name=":0">"[https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2017/11/28/emmanuel-macrons-speech-at-the-university-of-ouagadougou.en Emmanuel Macron's speech at the University of Ouagadougou]". ''elysee.fr''. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref> Tautona wa France o ne a roma baithuti ba le babedi go sekaseka ditso le ka fa dikgobokanyo tsa kwa France di ntseng ka teng, ga mmogo le mabaka le dikgato tse di tlaa tsewang mo dipoelong. Thotloetso ya gagwe go baakanya molao wa France fa Aforika a amegang teng e ne ya buiwa ka mafoko a a latelang: "ke tswa mo kokomaneng ya batho ba France ba melato ya bokolone jwa Europe bo ka se ganelweng ebile e le bontlha jwa ditso tsa rona."<ref name=":0" /> E le lantlha, tautona wa France le puso ya gagwe ba lemoga tshwanelo ya setho ya go busiwa ga boswa jwa ngwao, dilo tse ka molao wa France, di bonwang e le dithoto tsa kwa France.<ref>Ellis, Adrian (5 April 2019). "[https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2019/04/05/museums-in-the-changing-world-order-restitution-to-africa-reaches-tipping-point Museums in the changing world order: restitution to Africa reaches tipping point]". ''theartnewspaper.com''. Retrieved 27 June 2025</ref> Botautona ba tsileng pele ga ga Macron, ga ba ise ke ba eme nokeng go busiwa ga botaki jwa Aforika le dilwana tse dingwe tsa ngwao tse di kwa France; sekai, Jacques Chirac o ne a ema nokeng go kgobokanngwa ga botaki jwa Aforika. Kitsiso ya ga Macron ka jalo e supilwe e le ditso, go sa kgathalesege gore ke botaki bo le kae bo bo tla felelang bo busediwa kwa mafatsheng a Aforika.<ref>Opoku, Kwame (10 December 2017). [https://www.modernghana.com/news/821779/macron-promises-to-return-african-artefacts-in-french-museum.html "Macron promises to return African artefacts in French museums: a new era in African-European relationships or a mirage?"]. ''Modern Ghana''.</ref> Pego e e e ne ya begiwa phatlalatsa ka ngwaga wa 2018, Ngwanatsele a le masome a mabedi le boraro, fa e sale jalo ya baka ditsibogelo tse di farologaneng mo dipuisanong tsa kwa France le mafatshe a mangwe ka maiphako a go busetsa botaki jwa Aforika go tswa kwa mabolokelong a ditso a Europe le America.<ref>[https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2018/11/23/submission-of-the-savoy-sarr-report-on-the-restitution-of-african-heritage.en "Submission of the Savoy/Sarr report on the restitution of African heritage".] ''elysee.fr'' (in French). 23 November 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref><ref name=":1">Hunt, Tristram; Hartmut Dorgerloh; Nicholas Thomas (27 November 2018). [https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2018/11/27/restitution-report-museum-directors-respond "Restitution Report: museum directors respond"]. ''www.theartnewspaper.com''. Retrieved 27 June 2025</ref> Le ntswa Macron a ne a bega ka dipoelo mo nakong, tse di tlhokegang mo molaong di na le dikgoreletsi: kwa France, dithoto tsotlhe di akaretsa diteng tsa dikgobokanyo tse di mo setšhabeng jaaka mabolokelo a ditso, metlobo ya dibuka kgotsa metheo e mengwe ya ngwao, di supiwa e le tse di ka se rekisiweng, kgotsa tsa abiwa.<ref>[https://itsartlaw.org/2019/01/31/the-sarr-savoy-report-restituting-colonial-artifacts/ "The Sarr-Savoy report & restituting colonial artifacts"]. ''Center for Art Law''. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref> == Bakwadi le maikaelelo a bone == [[Setshwantsho:Statuette Mambia Nigéria.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se se tlhomilweng go tswa kwa Nigeria kwa Paris, France]] Mokwadi, ramaranyane,seopedi ebile e le moitseanape wa itsholelo Felwine Sarr o ne a itsege ka ntlha ya mokwalo wa gagwe wa Afrotopia<ref>Boukari-Yabara, Amzat (2016). "Felwine Sarr. Afrotopia". ''Cairn''. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref>, o mo go one a neng a dirile kakanyetso ya kitso ya go tlhaloganya mafatshe a Arorika gompieno le mo isagong. O supa gore tlhabololo ya mafatshe a Aforika ga ya tshwanela go tsisiwa ke go diragatsa se se neng se dirwa kwa mafatsheng a bophirima; mme Aforika o tshwanetsa go intšhafatsa ka ditsela tsa setso le tsa sešha tsa setho.<ref>"[https://schloss-post.com/afrotopia-or-the-future-is-open/ Afrotopia or The Future is Open]". [[:en:Akademie_Schloss_Solitude|''Akademie Schloss Solitude''.]] 30 April 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2025</ref> Dithuto le dipatlisiso tsa gagwe di itebagantse le ditiragalo tsa morago ga bokolone, melao ya tsa itsholelo, tlhabololo, itsholelo, le ditso tsa dikakanyo tsa sedumedi.<ref>"[https://search.worldcat.org/search?qt=worldcat_org_all&q=Felwine+Sarr Results for 'Felwine Sarr]". ''worldcat.org''. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref> Pele e ne e le motlhat;heleladithuto tsa itsholelo kwa Gaston Berger University kwa Senegal, mme a tsena kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro se segolwane sa Duke kwa United States ka ngwaga wa 2020.<ref>Forum for scholars and publics at Duke University. "[https://fsp.duke.edu/speakers/felwine-sarr/ Felwine Sarr]". ''fsp.duke.edu''. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref> Moitseanape wa ditso tsa botaki jwa kwa France, Benedicte Savoy o ruta ditso tsa botaki kwa Technische Universitat kwa Berlin, Germany, ebile ke morutintshi kwa College de France kwa Paris. Savoy o gatisitse ditiro di le dintsi ka setlhogo se tshwana le sa botaki jwa mafatshe mo marekisetsong a kwa bophirima,<ref>Bénédicte Savoy; Charlotte Guichard; Christine Howald (2018). ''[https://search.worldcat.org/title/1039210631 Acquiring cultures: histories of world art on Western markets]''. Berlin. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-11-054508-1|978-3-11-054508-1]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/1039210631 1039210631].</ref> tsa mabolokelo a mafatshe kgotsa go tsewa ga boswa jwa ngwao.<ref>Andrea Meyer; Bénédicte Savoy (2014). ''[https://search.worldcat.org/title/874163864 The museum is open: towards a transnational history of museums 1750-1940]''. Berlin. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-11-029882-6|<bdi>978-3-11-029882-6</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/874163864 874163864].</ref> Fa e sale ka kgatiso ya pego e, o simologile go itsege ka go nna mongwe wa ba ba lwelang go busiwa ga boswa jwa ngwao ya Aforika mo dikgobokanyong tsa kwa Germany, ebile o tsaya karolo mo dipatlisisong le dipuisano tsa phatlalatsa ka kgang e.<ref>Technische Universität Berlin (7 October 2020). [https://www.tu.berlin/en/about/profile/press-releases-news/2020/oktober/restitution-of-knowledge/ "Restitution of knowledge"]. ''www.tu.berlin''. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref><ref>Shaw, Anny (21 October 2020). "[https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/10/21/black-lives-matter-movement-is-speeding-up-repatriation-efforts-leading-french-art-historian-says Black Lives Matter movement is speeding up repatriation efforts, leading French art historian says]". ''www.theartnewspaper.com''. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref> Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa go tlhomamisiwa, Macron o ne a laela bakwadi ba babedi ba go tsaya karolo mo dipuisanong le batsaya karolo ba ba farologanneg kwa Aforika le kwa France, go akaretsa dipatlisiso tsa ditso tsa bokolone jwa Aforika.<ref>Sarr and Savoy, 2018</ref> Fa godimo ga foo, Macron o ne a kopa dikakantsho le thulaganyo ya nako ka ditiro kakanyetso tsa go busiwa ga dilwana tsa ngwao. <ref>"Le dialogue et la participation devront accompagner toutes les étappes de ces travaux". Sarr and Savoy, 2018, p.104</ref>Macron ga a supa kgato e e tlhamaletseng fela, mme o ne a dira gore batho ba ngange ka melao ya gagwe le pego e e duleng. Fa e sale ka nako eo, ngangisano e e ne ya tsenelela kwa Aforika,<ref name=":2">Opoku, Kwame (21 May 2019). "[https://www.modernghana.com/news/933792/coordination-of-african-positions-on-restitution-matters.html Coordination of African Positions on Restitution Matters"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 27 June 2025.</ref> Europe le United States.<ref>Scher, Robin (11 June 2019). "[https://www.artnews.com/artnews/news/african-art-repatriation-american-museums-12750/ Better Safe Than Sorry: American Museums Take Measures Mindful of Repatriation of African Art]". ''ARTnews''. Retrieved 27 June 2025</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Diteng tsa pego == [[Setshwantsho:Reine porteuse de coupe, Bamileke, Cameroun, Musée du quai Branly.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa mosadi a tshotse sejana, kwa Cameroon, kwa Muse du Quai Branly]] Mo pegong e, bakwadi ba buisana ka mabaka ba bo ba tsisa dikakanyo tsa ka fa dilwana tsa Aforika di ka busiwang ka teng go tswa kwa dikgobokanyong tsa kwa France. Go ya ka kitsiso ya ga Macron, phelelo ya pego e amana le dikolone tsa pele tsa France go kgabaganya Aforika, le ba Boswa jwa ngwao ya bone bo tserweng go isiwa kwa France ka dinako tsa bokolone. Kgaolo ya tshimologo e e bidiwang lobaka lo lo leele lwa ditatlhegelo, e tlhalosa ditso tsa Boswa jwa ngwao ya Aforika mo bokoloneng jwa mafatshe a Europe.<ref name=":3">Sarr and Savoy, 2018</ref> Go itebagantswe le gore go tsaya dilwana tsa setso ka dikgoka ke molato mo merafeng e di tswang kwa go yone. Fa godimo fa foo, bolhokwa jwa go kgobokanya go ithuta le go supa Boswa jwa Aforika jaaka digopotso ke mabolokelo a ditso a kwa Europe le ba maranyane go supiwa e le boremelelo jwa ditso tsa kgokgontsho le go gatelela.<ref name=":3" /> Fa ba supa maikaelelo a a tshwanang le a a mo pegong ya bone, Sarr le Savoy ba gakologelwa gore ka ngwaga wa 1978, Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow o e neng e le mogogi wa UNESCO o ne a kopa gore go lekanngwe Boswa jwa ditso jwa mafatshe gareng ga dikgaolo tsa bokone le tsa Borwa. Ba inola puo ya ga M'Bow e e reng kopo ya go busiwa ga Boswa jwa ditso kwa go ba ba di dirileng. Batho ba ba kileng ba nna batswasetlhabelo sa go utsiwa mo, nako tse dingwe mo dingwageng di le lekgolo, ga ba a tseelwa fela dilwana tse di ka se emisetsweng, mme gape ba tseetswe dikgakologelo tse di ka bong di ba thusitse go itse go le gontsi ka ga bone le go thusa ba bangwe go ba tlhaloganya botoka. Ba a itse gore botaki ke jwa lefatshe ka bophara ebile ba itse gore botaki jo bo bolelang polelo ya ditso tsa bone e supa se ba leng sone, ga bo bue le bone fela. Ba itumela gore banna le basadi kwa mafelong a mangwe ba ka ithuta ba bo kgatlhegela tiro ya mabutswapele a bone. Ba lemoga le gore botaki bongwe bo nnile le seabe mo bontlheng jwa ditso tsa lefatshe le di isitsweng kwa go lone gore dikao tse di di amanyang le lefatshe leo di seka tsa dumelelwa le gore medi ya bone e amege...banna ba le basadi ba ba tlhaeditsweng Boswa jwa ditso tsa bone ka jalo ba kopa gore go busiwe dilwana tsa botaki tse di supang ditso tsa bone sentle, tse ba akanyang gore ke tsone di leng botlhokwa le gore go tlhoka go nna teng ga tsone go ba utlusa botlhoko. Se ke kopo e e boammaruri.<ref>Speech held in Paris on 7 June 1978, available on the [https://www.unesco.org/en/culture UNESCO websit]e. See Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow, "Pour le retour, a ceux qui l'ont crée, d’un patrimoine culturel irremplaçable", ''Museum'', vol. 31, no. 1, 1979, p. 58.</ref> Fa godimo ga moo, pego e e lebelela bubueledi jwa maikutlo a batho fa e sale dingwaga tsa 2010 di simologa, go nna nngwe ya dithotloetso tse ditona tsa phetogo ya maikutlo kwa Europe.<ref name=":3" /> Go ya ka tshekatsheko ya bone ya gore masome a ferabongwe mo lekgolong la Boswa jwa ngwai go kgabaganya Aforika bo mo dikgobokanyong tsa kwa bophirima. Bakwadi ba tlhaloganya pego ya bone e le go gwetlha pusetso ya dilwana le go aga botsalano jwa Europe le Aforika.<ref name=":3" /> Morago ga ditso tse di khutshwane mme di tseneletse tsa botaki jwa bokolone jwa Aforika le dikopo tsa pele tsa go busiwa ga tsone, dikgaolo tse tharo tse di latelang di filwe ditlhogo tsa "go busetsa", "dipusetso le dokgobokanyo" le "go pata tse di busiwang" di bua ka boremelelo jwa ditiro tse di amangwang le go busiwa moo. Fa, bakwadi ba ntsha kakanyo ya mekgwa ya go busa le nako e e tsepameng e babusi ba kwa France le Aforika ba ka di salang morago.<ref name=":3" /> Kwa phelelong, tse di tlaleletsang pego di supa mekgwa le dikgato tse di tserweng ke bakwadi, di engwe nokeng ke dintlha, ditshwantsho le dipalo tsa dikgobokganyo tse di kwa France le dintlha ka mabolokelo a ditso a a mo Aforika. Ka ntlha ya nna le dilwana tse di tswang Aforika di le dikete di le masome a supa, mabolokelo a Musee dude quai Branly kwa Paris a tshwere maemo a a faphegileng mo pegong eo. E fela ka dinepe le dintlha tse di tseneletseng ka dilwana di le masome a mararo tse di faphegileng kwa mabolokelong a, tse di bonwang di tshwanetse go bewa kwa pele fa go busiwa gape mo isagong.<ref name=":3" /> Pego e e supa methale e e latelang e e botlhokwa mo go tsalaneng ga ngwao: ka botsalano jo bo nang le tlotlo, go kgonwa go bonwa dipatlisiso le dintlha ga batho ba Aforika kgotsa mo kgaolong ya Aforika ke gone go ka fokodiwang pharologanyo gareng ga batho ba Aforika le bophirima. Methadone e e akaretsa go batlisisa mo go tshwaraganetsweng le thuto ka mabolokelo a a tsayang karolo, go naalana ditshupo tsa nakwana mo mafatsheng a Aforika le go ema nokeng mafaratlhatlha kgotsa dikago tsa mabolokelo a ditso kwa Aforika le baitseanape ba ba a berekelang. Go netefatsa gore kitso ya Boswa jwa ngwao ya Aforika e fitlhelela dikokomane, bakwadi ba rotloetsa methale ya thuto e e berekang.<ref name=":3" /> Sebaka sa ditso se se neng sa nna teng kwa Ouagadougou ka Ngwanatsele a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2017...se bulela botsalano jo bosha gareng ga France le Aforika, le gareng ga Europe le Aforika. Ka go lemoga boammaruri jwa dikopo tse di dirilweng ke mafatshe a Aforika go boelwa ke botlha jo bo nametsang jwa Boswa jwa ngwao ya bone le se ba tla ikgakololang ka sone fa ba tsweletse ba bereka go nna le kitso e e tseneletseng ka ditso tse tsa bokolone, tsamaiso ya pusetso e letla kgonagalo ya go Kwala tsebe e ntsha ya ditso tse di ritibetseng tse di tlhakanetsweng, tse mongwe le mongwe a ka supang polelo ya gagwe e e tlhakanetsweng. == Tsibogo ya mafatshe a Aforika == Jaaka baakgedi go tswa kwa mafatsheng a Aforika a tshwana le Benin, Ethiopia, Mali, Nigeria kgotsa Namibia ba dirile, mo dingwageng tse dintsi, ba kopile go busiwa ga dilwana go tswa kwa France, Great Britain, Germany le mafatshe a mangwe,<ref name=":3" /> pego ya ga Sarr le Savoy e gwetlhile dikakgelo tse di molemo ya ba ya tsholetsa ditsholofelo tsa batho: Kwame Opoku, mmegi wa dikgang wa kwa Ghana, ebile e le mmereki wa pele wa ofisi ya United Nations kwa Vienna,<ref>"[https://press.un.org/en/2003/org1378.doc.htm Ombudsman appointed for UN in Vienna]". ''www.un.org''. 9 April 2003. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> o ne a bega ka ngwaga wa 2019 fa khansele ya mabolokelo a ditso a Aforika e kopile semmuso kemo nokeng ya pusetso jaaka Sarr le Savoy ba gakolotse mo pegong ya bone.<ref name=":2" /> Batlhokomedi ba Aforika le bone ba tsibogile ka mananeno a a lebeleng lotlhakore lo le lengwe fa go tla mo dipusetsong. Flower manase motlhokomedi wa mabolokelo a ditso a kwa Tanzania, o ne a re pele fela ga dilo tsotlhe, baitseanape ba Aforika ba tshwanetse go akarediwa ba lekalekana le ba bophirma, ba abelane dikakanyo tsa bone ba bo ba akaretse ditšhaba tse di tswang kwa go tsone.<ref>Manase, Flower (May 2020). [https://www.goethe.de/prj/zei/en/index.html "From the vision to the practice of restitution"]. ''www.goethe.de''. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Baakgedi ba bangwe ba Aforika jaaka mmegi wa dikgang wa kwa Tanzania Charles Kayuka, ba supile mofuta wa ditshupo tsa kwa bophirima , mo go tlhalosang gore ke eng ba senke ba nna le kgatlhego fa batho ba Aforika ba etile.<ref>Bloch, Werner (26 February 2019). [https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/tansania-und-die-kolonialzeit-der-afrikanische-blick-100.html "Tansania und die Kolonialzeit - Der afrikanische Blick"]. ''Deutschlandfunk Kultur'' (in German). Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == mvg9yhcyn0azqr63bv0wkdibeql2bcu 0 10709 40880 2025-06-29T12:22:48Z Kgakgi 10857 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1281120466|Youth Day]]" 40880 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsatsi la Basha ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba mo Aforika Borwa ka Seetebosigo 16. E gakologelwa boipelaetso jo bogolo jwa baithuti ka 1976, jo bo neng bo bidiwa go tsuologa ga kwa Soweto. Baithuti ba ne ba sa itumelele Molao wa Thuto wa Bantu le molao o o neng o re ba tshwanetse go ithuta dithuto dingwe ka Se-Afrikaans kwa dikolong tsa bantsho. Ka nako ya boipelaetso, mosimane mongwe yo o bidiwang Hector Pieterson o ne a thuntshiwa ke mapodise. Setshwantsho se se itsegeng thata sa gagwe se ne sa bontsha batho ba Afrika Borwa le lefatshe lotlhe kafa dilo di neng di le maswe ka teng ka nako ya tlhaolele. Letsatsi la Basha le ketekwa go tlotla baithuti ba ba pelokgale ba ba neng ba ema kgatlhanong le melao e e sa siamang ya thuto. {{more citations needed|date=June 2017}} [[Setshwantsho:2012._День_молодежи_в_Донецке_019.jpg|thumb| Letsatsi la Bosetšhaba la Bašwa kwa Donetsk, [[Ukraine|kwa Ukraine]]]] '''Letsatsi la bašwa''' kgotsa '''Letsatsi la bosetšhaba la bašwa''' ke letsatsi la boikhutso la segopotso la go tlotla bašwa, le le ketekiwang mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe ka matlha a a farologaneng ngwaga otlhe . Letsatsi leno le ketekwa mo dinageng di le dintsi go dumalana le 12 Phatwe, letsatsi la boditšhabatšhaba la bašwa, le le ileng la amogelwa semmuso ke lekgotla la ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng go tloga ka 1999. Mo godimo ga moo, kereke ya katoliki e tshwara Letsatsi la bašwa la lefatshe, le le simolotsweng ke Mopapa John Paul II ka 1985 mme le tshwarwa ka Latshipi pele ga Advent. == Matlha go ya ka naga/setso == == India == Letsatsi la bašwa kwa India le ketekiwa ka Ferikgong 12 ka letsatsi la matsalo la ga Swami Vivekananda . Puso ya India e ne ya itsise ka 1984 gore letsatsi la botsalo la ga Swami Vivekananda, le le welang ka Ferikgong 12 go ya ka khalendara ya Seesemane, le tla ketekwa ngwaga le ngwaga e le letsatsi la bosetšhaba la Basha go simolola ka 1985. "Go ne ga lemogiwa gore filosofi ya ga Swamiji le megopolo e a neng a tshela ka yone le e a neng a e direla e ne e ka nna motswedi o mogolo wa tlhotlheletso mo basheng ba India", go ya ka Communication ya Puso ya India. Go ya ka Almanac ya India (Vishuddha Siddhanta Almanac), letsatsi la botsalo la ga Swami Vivekananda le wela mo go Pausha Krishna Saptami tithi, e e diragalang ka letsatsi le le farologaneng ngwaga le ngwaga mo khalendareng ya Seesemane. Mekgwa e e tlwaelegileng ya Sehindu, e e jaaka mangalarati, kobamelo e e kgethegileng, homa (moletlo wa molelo), go tlhatlhanya, dipina tsa kobamelo, dipuo tsa bodumedi, sandhyarati (tirelo ya maitseboa ya puo ya lefelo leo), jalo le jalo, e dirisiwa go gopola seno mo mafelong a a farologaneng a Ramakrishna Math le a borongwa. Letsatsi la bosetšhaba la bašwa le ketekwa go ralala India kwa dikolong le kwa dikholetšheng ka mekoloko, dipuo, dikopelo, mmino, dikopano tsa baša, diseminara, neelo ya Yogasana, dikgaisano tsa go kwala dikwalo, dikopelo, dipuo, mmino, metshameko, le mananeo a mangwe ka 12 Ferikgong ngwaga le ngwaga. == Difilipine == Moporesidente wa Philippines Elpidio Quirino o ne a ntsha kgoeletso la ntlha ka 1948 e e neng e tlhoma Seetebosigo 19 go nna '''Letsatsi la Baša ba Philippines''', e e neng e tsamaisana le ngwagakgopotso wa botsalo jwa mogaka Jose Rizal, yo ditiro tsa gagwe di neng di tlhotlheleditse baša ba Philippines go direla naga . Ditheo tsa thuto le tsa bodumedi, mmogo le mekgatlho ya baagi le baagi ba lefelo leo, ba rotloediwa go nna le seabe mo moletlong oo <ref>{{Cite news|last=Medina|first=Marielle|date=June 19, 2018|title=Did you know: June 19 is Filipino Youth Day|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1001965/did-you-know-june-19-is-filipino-youth-day|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|access-date=February 10, 2024}}</ref> o o ntseng o gopolwa go fitlha jaanong. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Montemayor|first=Jocelyn|date=June 20, 2023|title=Pinoy youth told: Serve the community, those in need|url=https://malaya.com.ph/news_news/pinoy-youth-told-serve-the-community-those-in-need/|newspaper=[[Malaya (newspaper)|Malaya]]|access-date=February 10, 2024}}</ref> Phatwe 12 ngwaga le ngwaga moragonyana e ne ya itsisiwe jaaka '''Letsatsi la Bosetšhaba la Bašwa''' tumalanong le segopotso sa boditšhabatšhaba sa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhabakopano]], ka ntlha ya ''Molao wa Rephaboliki wa No. 11913'', mongwe wa melaotlhomo e meraro ya bašwa e e neng ya fela go nna molao ka Phukwi 2022. <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=August 4, 2022|title=Angara celebrates the enactment of three laws for the youth|work=[[Philippine Information Agency]]|url=https://pia.gov.ph/press-releases/2022/08/04/angara-celebrates-the-enactment-of-three-laws-for-the-youth|access-date=December 26, 2022}}</ref> Ditheo tsa thuto di neilwe taolo ya go simolola ditiro tse di amanang le seno fa fela tseno di tla dirwa ka tshwetso ya botsamaisi jwa sekolo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=August 2, 2022|title=Bill promoting Filipino youth talent now a law|work=[[GMA News]]|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/840254/bill-promoting-filipino-youth-talent-now-a-law/story/|access-date=August 5, 2022}}</ref> Go sa le jalo, Khonferense ya Babishopo ba Katoliki ya Philippines e ne ya simolola Letsatsi la yone la Bosetšhaba la Basha ka 1986 <ref name="anNYD" /> ka go itsise gore Sedimonthole 16 e nne jalo, <ref name="cbcpNYD" /> go diragatsa boaposetoloi jwa yone jo bo ratiwang ke bana le basha. <ref name="anNYD" /> Fa e sale ka 1987, meletlo e ntse e tshwarwa ka dikokoano mo di-dioceses tse di farologaneng le mo dipharisheng, <ref name="anNYD">{{Cite news|last=Digal|first=Santosh|date=November 8, 2006|title=National Youth Day held in southern Philippines for the first time|url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/National-Youth-Day-held-in-southern-Philippines-for-the-first-time-7697.html|work=[[AsiaNews]]|access-date=February 10, 2024}}</ref> ngwaga le ngwaga go fitlha ka 1998 fa e ntse e tshwarwa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le 2–3. E e neng e tla tshwarwa ka 2021 e ne ya busediwa morago ka ntlha ya leroborobo la COVID-19, ya diega go fitlha ka 2025 . <ref name="cbcpNYD">{{Cite news|date=February 5, 2024|title=National Youth Day to be held in July 2025|url=https://cbcpnews.net/cbcpnews/national-youth-day-to-be-held-in-july-2025/|work=[[CBCP News]]|access-date=February 10, 2024}}</ref> '''Letsatsi la Bašwa''' ka la bo 16 Seetebosigo ke letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba mo [[Aforika Borwa|Aforikaborwa]] mme le gopola boipelaetso jo bo neng jwa felela ka lekhubu la ditshupetso go ralala naga jo bo bidiwang dikhuduego tsa Soweto tsa 1976 . E tlile go tsibogela dintlha tse dintsi ka Molao wa Thuto ya Bantu le taelo ya puso ka 1974 ya gore [[Seburu|Seaforikanse]] se tla dirisiwa jaaka puo ya go ruta dirutwa tse di rileng mo dikolong tsa batho bantsho. Setshwantsho se se tlhomologileng sa ga Hector Pieterson yo kgaitsadie jaanong a berekang kwa musiamong o o tlotlang Hector Peterson le ba lelapa la gagwe ba bolela gore puso ya tlhaolele e ne ya kwala leina la gagwe phoso, ngwana wa sekolo yo montsho yo o neng a thuntshiwa ke mapodisi, se ne sa tlisa gae mo bathong ba le bantsi mo teng le kwa ntle ga Aforika Borwa ditlamorago tsa kgaratlho ya puso ka nako ya puso ya Tlhaolele. E ketekwa jaaka letsatsi la boikhutso la setšhaba go ralala Aforika Borwa go gopola baithuti ba ba pelokgale ba ba ipelaetsang kgatlhanong le Seaforikanse jaaka puo e le nosi ya thuto. mpao8no1nm5jbv9hdwwsfv01uw842t1 0 10710 40881 2025-06-29T15:49:32Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e le go tsenya setshwantsho le metswedi #AWC2025 40881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Remember Your Weekly Pledge Massachusetts Anti-Slavey Society collection box.jpg|thumb|Lebokoso la go kokoanya la Mokgatlho wa Massachusetts o o Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba, c. 1850, e e dirilweng ka bontlhabongwe e e theilweng mo seetseleng sa Wedgwood se se kgatlhanong le bokgoba<ref>Rinck, Jonathan (2009). "Abolition's Indelible Image". ''Michigan History Magazine''. '''93''' (6): 8–11.</ref>]] Kwa United States, go fedisa bokgoba, mokgatlho o o neng o batla go fedisa bokgoba mo nageng, o ne o le matlhagatlhaga go tloga ka nako ya bokoloniale go fitlha ka Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika, e bokhutlo jwa yone bo neng jwa tlisa go fedisiwa ga bokgoba jwa Amerika, ntle le fa e le kotlhao ya bosenyi, ka Tlhabololo ya Bolesometharo ya Molaotheo wa United States (e e amogetsweng ka 1865). Mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba o simolotse ka Motlha wa Sedimo, o o neng o tlhomile mogopolo mo go fediseng kgwebo ya makgoba ya go kgabaganya Atlantic. Kwa Amerika ya Bokoloniale, Ba-Quaker ba le mmalwa ba Jeremane ba ne ba ntsha Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 ya go Lwantsha Bokgoba, e e neng ya tshwaya tshimologo ya mokgatlho wa Amerika wa go fedisa Bokgoba. Pele ga Ntwa ya Phetogo, bakoloniale ba baefangele e ne e le bone babueledi ba bagolo ba go nna kgatlhanong le bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba, ba dira jalo ba ikaegile ka maitsholo a botho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba bangwe ba ba jaaka James Oglethorpe, mothei wa kolone ya Georgia, le bone ba ne ba na le maitlhomo a sepolotiki a go tlosa bokgoba. Go thibela bokgoba ka Teko ya Georgia ya 1735 ka bontlhabongwe go thibela tirisanommogo ya Spain le makgoba a a tshabileng a Georgia, Oglethorpe o ne a feleletsa a phimotse molao ono ka 1750 morago ga go fenngwa ga Spain mo Ntweng ya Bloody Marsh dingwaga di le robedi pele ga foo.<ref>Jackson, Harvey H.; Spalding, Phinizy (2008). "James Edward Oglethorpe, Race, and Slavery: A Reassessment". ''Oglethorpe in Perspective: Georgia's Founder after Two Hundred Years''. The University of Alabama Press. pp. 66–79. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-8230-8|978-0-8173-8230-8]]</bdi>. [[:en:Project_Muse|Project MUSE]] [https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/18188 chapter 18188].</ref> Ka nako ya Phetogo, dinaga tsotlhe di ne tsa fedisa kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya makgoba, mme South Carolina e ne ya busetsa tshwetso ya yone morago. Magareng ga Ntwa ya Phetogo le 1804, melao, melaotheo, kgotsa ditshwetso tsa kgotlatshekelo mo go nngwe le nngwe ya dinaga tsa Bokone di ne di dira gore bokgoba bo fedisiwe ka iketlo kgotsa ka bonako.[a] Ga go na naga epe ya Borwa e e neng ya amogela melao e e tshwanang. Ka 1807, Congress e ne ya dira gore go reka makgoba go nne tlolomolao, go simolola ka Ferikgong 1, 1808, e leng ka bonako fela fa Athikele I, karolo 9 ya Molaotheo e ne e letla. Setlhopha se sennye mme se ineetse, ka fa tlase ga baeteledipele ba ba jaaka William Lloyd Garrison le Frederick Douglass, se ne sa tlhotlheletsa gore go fedisiwe mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga. John Brown o ne a nna mmueledi le moeteledipele wa masole mo maitekong a go fedisa bokgoba ka go dirisa dibetsa. Mo Ntweng ya Selegae, kgololesego ya ka bonako e ne ya nna mokgele wa ntwa wa Kopano ka 1861 mme ya fitlhelelwa ka botlalo ka 1865. == Metswedi == ignnh4fd9cuj0ux43vpylvujjkhi0x2 40882 40881 2025-06-29T16:45:21Z KatieKea 10150 Ke tsweledisitse tlhanolo le go tsenya setshwantsho le metswedi. #AWC2025 40882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Remember Your Weekly Pledge Massachusetts Anti-Slavey Society collection box.jpg|thumb|Lebokoso la go kokoanya la Mokgatlho wa Massachusetts o o Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba, c. 1850, e e dirilweng ka bontlhabongwe e e theilweng mo seetseleng sa Wedgwood se se kgatlhanong le bokgoba<ref>Rinck, Jonathan (2009). "Abolition's Indelible Image". ''Michigan History Magazine''. '''93''' (6): 8–11.</ref>]] Kwa United States, go fedisa bokgoba, mokgatlho o o neng o batla go fedisa bokgoba mo lefatsheng, o ne o le matlhagatlhaga go tloga ka nako ya bokolone go fitlha ka Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika, e bokhutlo jwa yone bo neng jwa tlisa go fedisiwa ga bokgoba jwa Amerika, ntle le fa e le kotlhao ya bosenyi, ka [[Phetolo ya molaomotheo wa kwa United States ya lesome le boraro]] (e e amogetsweng ka 1865). Mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba o simolotse ka Motlha wa Enlightenment, o o neng o tlhomile mogopolo mo go fediseng [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]]. Kwa Amerika ya Bokolone, Ba-Quaker ba le mmalwa ba Jeremane ba ne ba ntsha Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 ya go Lwantsha Bokgoba, e e neng ya tshwaya tshimologo ya mokgatlho wa Amerika wa go fedisa Bokgoba. Pele ga Ntwa ya Phetogo, bakolone ba baefangele e ne e le bone babueledi ba bagolo ba go nna kgatlhanong le bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba, ba dira jalo ba ikaegile ka maitsholo a botho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba bangwe ba ba jaaka James Oglethorpe, mothei wa kolone ya Georgia, le bone ba ne ba na le maitlhomo a sepolotiki a go tlosa bokgoba. Go thibela bokgoba ka Teko ya Georgia ya 1735 ka bontlhabongwe go thibela tirisanommogo ya Spain le makgoba a a tshabileng a Georgia, Oglethorpe o ne a feleletsa a phimotse molao o ka 1750 morago ga go fenngwa ga Spain mo Ntweng ya Bloody Marsh dingwaga di robabobedi pele ga foo.<ref>Jackson, Harvey H.; Spalding, Phinizy (2008). "James Edward Oglethorpe, Race, and Slavery: A Reassessment". ''Oglethorpe in Perspective: Georgia's Founder after Two Hundred Years''. The University of Alabama Press. pp. 66–79. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-8230-8|978-0-8173-8230-8]]</bdi>. [[:en:Project_Muse|Project MUSE]] [https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/18188 chapter 18188].</ref> Ka nako ya Phetogo, dikgaolo tsotlhe di ne tsa fedisa [[Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic|kgwebo ya boditshabatshaba ya makgoba]], mme South Carolina e ne ya busetsa tshwetso ya yone morago. Magareng ga Ntwa ya Phetogo le 1804, melao, melaometheo, kgotsa ditshwetso tsa kgotlatshekelo mo go nngwe le nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa Bokone di ne di dira gore bokgoba bo fedisiwe ka iketlo kgotsa ka bonako.<ref>Specifically, the Northern states adopted anti-slavery policies or court decisions as follows: Vermont (1777, before it had become a U.S. state); Pennsylvania (1780); Massachusetts (1783); New Hampshire (1783); Connecticut (1784); Rhode Island (1784); New York (1799); Ohio (1802) (although the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 had already banned slavery in the lands that would later become Ohio); and New Jersey (1804).</ref> Ga go na kgaolo epe ya Borwa e e neng ya amogela melao e e tshwanang. Ka 1807, Congress e ne ya dira gore go reka makgoba e nne tlolomolao, go simolola ka Firikgong a rogwa, 1808, e leng ka bonako fela fa Molawana wa I, karolo ya boferabongwe ya Molaomotheo e ne e letla. Setlhopha se sennye mme se ineetse, ka fa tlase ga baeteledipele ba ba jaaka William Lloyd Garrison le Frederick Douglass, se ne sa tlhotlheletsa gore go fedisiwe mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga. John Brown o ne a nna mmueledi le moeteledipele wa masole mo maitekong a go fedisa bokgoba ka go dirisa dibetsa. Mo Ntweng ya Selegae, kgololesego ya ka bonako e ne ya nna mokgele wa ntwa wa Kopano ka 1861 mme ya fitlhelelwa ka botlalo ka 1865. == Ditseo == === Kwa Amerika wa bokolone === [[Setshwantsho:Thones kunders house.jpg|left|thumb|Ntlo ya ga Thones Kunders kwa 5109 Germantown Avenue, kwa go neng ga kwalwa Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 e e Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba.]] Go fedisa puso ga Amerika go ne ga simolola bogologolo pele ga United States e tlhongwa jaaka setshaba. Ka 1652, Rhode Island e ne ya dira gore go nne kgatlhanong le molao gore motho ope, montsho kgotsa mosweu, a "bofiwe" dingwaga di feta lesome. Molao, le fa go ntse jalo, o ne wa tlhokomologiwa thata,<ref>Joanne Pope Melish. [https://library.providence.edu/encompass/rhode-island-slavery-and-the-slave-trade/rhode-island-slavery-and-the-slave-trade/ "Rhode Island, Slavery, and the Slave Trade"]</ref> le Rhode Island e ne ya nna le seabe mo kgwebong ya makgoba ka 1700.<ref>Coughtry, Jay (1981). ''The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade, 1700–1807''. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-87722-218-7|978-0-87722-218-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Sekao sa ntlha se se tlhageletseng sa go gana ke batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba se diragetse ka nako ya Botsuolodi jwa ga Bacon ka 1676. Go diragala kwa Virginia, botsuolodi bo ne jwa bona batlhanka ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba dirilwe ditumalano le batho ba Aforika (ba batho ba bantsho ba ba neng ba dirilwe ditumalano, ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, le ba ba gololesegileng) ba kopana mmogo kgatlhanong le William Berkeley ka go gana ga gagwe go ntsha merafe ya Amerika ya tlhago mo kgaolong eo. Ka nako eo, MaAmerika a tlhago mo kgaolong ba ne ba tshwara diphuruphutso kgatlhanong le baagi ba maemo a a kwa tlase ba ba neng ba tsenelela mo lefatsheng la bona morago ga Ntwa ya Boraro ya Powhatan (1644–1646), e e neng ya tlogela makgoba a le bantsi ba basweu le bantsho ba ba neng ba na le ditumalano le makgoba ba se na maikutlo a tshireletso go tswa mo pusong ya bone.<ref>Adams, Lars C. (2013). [https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/17/article/519250 "'The Battle of Weyanoke Creek': A Story of the Third Anglo-Powhatan War in Early Carolina"]. ''Native South''. '''6''' (1): 170–195. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1353/nso.2013.0006|10.1353/nso.2013.0006]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2152-4025 2152-4025]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162245167 162245167].</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Nathaniel Bacon, kopano e e diragetseng magareng ga batho ba basweu ba maemo a a kwa tlase le bantsho ka nako ya botsuolodi jo e ne ya tsewa e le e e kotsi mme ka jalo ya fedisiwa ka go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Melao ya Makgoba ya Virginia ya 1705.<ref>Finkelman, Paul (2002). ''Slavery & the Law''. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-2119-3.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, tiragalo eno e ne ya tlhagisa kgopolo ya gore batho bantsho le basweu ba ka dira mmogo go fitlhelela mokgele wa go ikgolola, o o neng wa nna teng thata fa go fedisiwa ga puso go ne go nna le maatla mo Amerika.<ref>Rice, James D. (2014). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44286295 "Bacon's Rebellion in Indian Country"]. ''The Journal of American History''. '''101''' (3): 726–750. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/jahist/jau651|10.1093/jahist/jau651]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8723 0021-8723]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44286295 44286295].</ref> == Metswedi == p6jlae9iy714zs53mb3q5r8u9syuigb 40883 40882 2025-06-29T17:11:12Z KatieKea 10150 /* Ditso */ Ke tsweledisitse tlhanolo le go tsenya setshwantsho le metswedi. #AWC2025 40883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Remember Your Weekly Pledge Massachusetts Anti-Slavey Society collection box.jpg|thumb|Lebokoso la go kokoanya la Mokgatlho wa Massachusetts o o Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba, c. 1850, e e dirilweng ka bontlhabongwe e e theilweng mo seetseleng sa Wedgwood se se kgatlhanong le bokgoba<ref>Rinck, Jonathan (2009). "Abolition's Indelible Image". ''Michigan History Magazine''. '''93''' (6): 8–11.</ref>]] Kwa United States, go fedisa bokgoba, mokgatlho o o neng o batla go fedisa bokgoba mo lefatsheng, o ne o le matlhagatlhaga go tloga ka nako ya bokolone go fitlha ka Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika, e bokhutlo jwa yone bo neng jwa tlisa go fedisiwa ga bokgoba jwa Amerika, ntle le fa e le kotlhao ya bosenyi, ka [[Phetolo ya molaomotheo wa kwa United States ya lesome le boraro]] (e e amogetsweng ka 1865). Mokgatlho o o kgatlhanong le bokgoba o simolotse ka Motlha wa Enlightenment, o o neng o tlhomile mogopolo mo go fediseng [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]]. Kwa Amerika ya Bokolone, Ba-Quaker ba le mmalwa ba Jeremane ba ne ba ntsha Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 ya go Lwantsha Bokgoba, e e neng ya tshwaya tshimologo ya mokgatlho wa Amerika wa go fedisa Bokgoba. Pele ga Ntwa ya Phetogo, bakolone ba baefangele e ne e le bone babueledi ba bagolo ba go nna kgatlhanong le bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba, ba dira jalo ba ikaegile ka maitsholo a botho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba bangwe ba ba jaaka James Oglethorpe, mothei wa kolone ya Georgia, le bone ba ne ba na le maitlhomo a sepolotiki a go tlosa bokgoba. Go thibela bokgoba ka Teko ya Georgia ya 1735 ka bontlhabongwe go thibela tirisanommogo ya Spain le makgoba a a tshabileng a Georgia, Oglethorpe o ne a feleletsa a phimotse molao o ka 1750 morago ga go fenngwa ga Spain mo Ntweng ya Bloody Marsh dingwaga di robabobedi pele ga foo.<ref>Jackson, Harvey H.; Spalding, Phinizy (2008). "James Edward Oglethorpe, Race, and Slavery: A Reassessment". ''Oglethorpe in Perspective: Georgia's Founder after Two Hundred Years''. The University of Alabama Press. pp. 66–79. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-8230-8|978-0-8173-8230-8]]</bdi>. [[:en:Project_Muse|Project MUSE]] [https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/18188 chapter 18188].</ref> Ka nako ya Phetogo, dikgaolo tsotlhe di ne tsa fedisa [[Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic|kgwebo ya boditshabatshaba ya makgoba]], mme South Carolina e ne ya busetsa tshwetso ya yone morago. Magareng ga Ntwa ya Phetogo le 1804, melao, melaometheo, kgotsa ditshwetso tsa kgotlatshekelo mo go nngwe le nngwe ya dikgaolo tsa Bokone di ne di dira gore bokgoba bo fedisiwe ka iketlo kgotsa ka bonako.<ref>Specifically, the Northern states adopted anti-slavery policies or court decisions as follows: Vermont (1777, before it had become a U.S. state); Pennsylvania (1780); Massachusetts (1783); New Hampshire (1783); Connecticut (1784); Rhode Island (1784); New York (1799); Ohio (1802) (although the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 had already banned slavery in the lands that would later become Ohio); and New Jersey (1804).</ref> Ga go na kgaolo epe ya Borwa e e neng ya amogela melao e e tshwanang. Ka 1807, Congress e ne ya dira gore go reka makgoba e nne tlolomolao, go simolola ka Firikgong a rogwa, 1808, e leng ka bonako fela fa Molawana wa I, karolo ya boferabongwe ya Molaomotheo e ne e letla. Setlhopha se sennye mme se ineetse, ka fa tlase ga baeteledipele ba ba jaaka William Lloyd Garrison le Frederick Douglass, se ne sa tlhotlheletsa gore go fedisiwe mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga. John Brown o ne a nna mmueledi le moeteledipele wa masole mo maitekong a go fedisa bokgoba ka go dirisa dibetsa. Mo Ntweng ya Selegae, kgololesego ya ka bonako e ne ya nna mokgele wa ntwa wa Kopano ka 1861 mme ya fitlhelelwa ka botlalo ka 1865. == Ditso == === Kwa Amerika wa bokolone === [[Setshwantsho:Thones kunders house.jpg|left|thumb|Ntlo ya ga Thones Kunders kwa 5109 Germantown Avenue, kwa go neng ga kwalwa Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 e e Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba.]] Go fedisa puso ga Amerika go ne ga simolola bogologolo pele ga United States e tlhongwa jaaka setshaba. Ka 1652, Rhode Island e ne ya dira gore go nne kgatlhanong le molao gore motho ope, montsho kgotsa mosweu, a "bofiwe" dingwaga di feta lesome. Molao, le fa go ntse jalo, o ne wa tlhokomologiwa thata,<ref>Joanne Pope Melish. [https://library.providence.edu/encompass/rhode-island-slavery-and-the-slave-trade/rhode-island-slavery-and-the-slave-trade/ "Rhode Island, Slavery, and the Slave Trade"]</ref> le Rhode Island e ne ya nna le seabe mo kgwebong ya makgoba ka 1700.<ref>Coughtry, Jay (1981). ''The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade, 1700–1807''. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-87722-218-7|978-0-87722-218-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Sekao sa ntlha se se tlhageletseng sa go gana ke batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba se diragetse ka nako ya Botsuolodi jwa ga Bacon ka 1676. Go diragala kwa Virginia, botsuolodi bo ne jwa bona batlhanka ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba dirilwe ditumalano le batho ba Aforika (ba batho ba bantsho ba ba neng ba dirilwe ditumalano, ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba, le ba ba gololesegileng) ba kopana mmogo kgatlhanong le William Berkeley ka go gana ga gagwe go ntsha merafe ya Amerika ya tlhago mo kgaolong eo. Ka nako eo, MaAmerika a tlhago mo kgaolong ba ne ba tshwara diphuruphutso kgatlhanong le baagi ba maemo a a kwa tlase ba ba neng ba tsenelela mo lefatsheng la bona morago ga Ntwa ya Boraro ya Powhatan (1644–1646), e e neng ya tlogela makgoba a le bantsi ba basweu le bantsho ba ba neng ba na le ditumalano le makgoba ba se na maikutlo a tshireletso go tswa mo pusong ya bone.<ref>Adams, Lars C. (2013). [https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/17/article/519250 "'The Battle of Weyanoke Creek': A Story of the Third Anglo-Powhatan War in Early Carolina"]. ''Native South''. '''6''' (1): 170–195. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1353/nso.2013.0006|10.1353/nso.2013.0006]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2152-4025 2152-4025]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162245167 162245167].</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Nathaniel Bacon, kopano e e diragetseng magareng ga batho ba basweu ba maemo a a kwa tlase le bantsho ka nako ya botsuolodi jo e ne ya tsewa e le e e kotsi mme ka jalo ya fedisiwa ka go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Melao ya Makgoba ya Virginia ya 1705.<ref>Finkelman, Paul (2002). ''Slavery & the Law''. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-2119-3.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, tiragalo eno e ne ya tlhagisa kgopolo ya gore batho bantsho le basweu ba ka dira mmogo go fitlhelela mokgele wa go ikgolola, o o neng wa nna teng thata fa go fedisiwa ga puso go ne go nna le maatla mo Amerika.<ref>Rice, James D. (2014). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44286295 "Bacon's Rebellion in Indian Country"]. ''The Journal of American History''. '''101''' (3): 726–750. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/jahist/jau651|10.1093/jahist/jau651]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8723 0021-8723]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44286295 44286295].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:John Smibert - Judge Samuel Sewall - 58.358 - Museum of Fine Arts.jpg|thumb|242x242px|Samuel Sewall (1652–1730), moatlhodi yo o kwadileng ''The Selling of Joseph'' (1700) e e neng e kgala go anama ga bokgoba mo dikoloning tsa Amerika .]] Polelo ya ntlha e e kwadilweng kgatlhanong le bokgoba kwa Amerika ya Bokolone e ne ya baakanngwa ka 1688 ke maloko a Mokgatlho wa Bodumedi wa Ditsala.<ref name=":0">Lederer, Laura J. (2018). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=AQBLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2 Modern Slavery: A Documentary and Reference Guide]''. ABC-CLIO. pp. 2–4. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-4499-7|978-1-4408-4499-7]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210707115012/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQBLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2 Archived] from the original on 7 July 2021. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 1688, Francis Daniel Pastorius, barwamotho Derick le Abraham op den Graeff le Gerrit Hendricksz ba kwa Germantown, kwa Pennsylvania, ba ne ba kwala Kopo ya Ba-Quaker ya Germantown ya 1688 e e neng e le Kgatlhanong le Bokgoba, e leng selekanyo sa ditsebe di le pedi e e neng e kgala bokgoba jwa bone kwa bathong ba bone ba ba neng ba laola bokgoba. Maikaelelo a boikuelo e ne e le go emisa bokgoba mo setshabeng sa Quaker, moo 70% ya Quaker e neng e na le makgoba magareng ga 1681 le 1705.<ref name=":0" /> E ne e amogela ditshwanelo tsa batho botlhe tsa lefatshe lotlhe.<ref name=":0" /> Le fa gone setlhopha sa Ba-Quaker se ne se sa tseye kgato ka nako eo, ngangisano e e sa tlwaelesegang ya go sa le gale, e e tlhamaletseng le e e maatla mo boikuelong e ne ya simolola moya o kgabagare o neng wa dira gore bokgoba bo fele mo Mokgatlhong wa Ditsala (1776) le kwa Botsalanong jwa Pennsylvania (1780). Kopano ya Kotara ya Ba-Quaker ya Chester, kwa Pennsylvania, e ne ya dira ipelaetso ya yone ya ntlha ka 1711. Mo dingwageng di le lesome fela kgwebo yotlhe ya makgoba e ne e tlhaselwa, e ganediwa ke baeteledipele ba Ba-Quaker jaaka William Burling, Benjamin Lay, Ralph Sandiford, William Southby, John Woolman,<ref>Olmstead, Clifton E. (1964). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=b6BTvwEACAAJ History of Religion in the United States]''. Prentice-Hall. p. 183. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210707115005/https://books.google.com/books?id=b6BTvwEACAAJ Archived] from the original on 7 July 2021. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> le Anthony Benezet<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/webcast-4520 "Anthony Benezet, Father of Atlantic Abolitionism"]. ''[[:en:Library_of_Congress|Library of Congress]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210824052129/https://www.loc.gov/item/webcast-4520 Archived] from the original on 24 August 2021. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> o ne a na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo, a tlhotlheletsa kokomane ya moragonyana ya balweladitshwanelo ba ba tlhomologileng ba ba neng ba lwantsha bokgoba, go akaretsa le Granville Sharp, John Wesley, Thomas Clarkson,<ref>Sheridan, R.B. (1994). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QUV98bwrqscC&pg=PA484 Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623-1775]''. Canoe Press. p. 484. ISBN 978-976-8125-13-2. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Olaudah Equiano,<ref>Moore, Sean D. (2019). "'See Benezet's Account of Africa Throughout': The Genres of Equiano's Interesting Narrative and the Library Company of Philadelphia". ''Slavery and the Making of Early American Libraries''. pp. 166–200. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oso/9780198836377.003.0005|10.1093/oso/9780198836377.003.0005]]. ISBN 978-0-19-883637-7. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, Absalome Jones, le Bishopo Richard Allen,<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3narr1_txt.html "PBS"]. ''[[:en:PBS|PBS]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210427164005/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3narr1_txt.html Archived] from the original on 27 April 2021. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> gareng ga ba bangwe.<ref>[https://lsupress.org/books/detail/complete-antislavery-writings-of-anthony-benezet-1754-1783/ "The Complete Antislavery Writings of Anthony Benezet, 1754–1783"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210824052130/https://lsupress.org/books/detail/complete-antislavery-writings-of-anthony-benezet-1754-1783/ Archived] from the original on 24 August 2021. E nopotswe seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == 82aq50m2lso5k1bhrwcnpleyajimgvk 0 10711 40887 2025-06-30T10:18:08Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya "Pego ya go kgobokanya dintlha ka lefatshe la DRC" 40887 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pego ya go kgobokanya dintlha ka lefatshe la DRC''', kgotsa pego ya UN<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/Countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/DRCUNMappingReport.aspx "Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1993-2003 UN Mapping Report"]. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/13session/A-HRC-13-64.pdf Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights and the activities of her Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"] (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 30 June 2025</ref> e e kgobokanyang dintlha ka lefatshe la [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ya ngwaga wa 1993 go tsena ka 2003, ke pego ya lekgotla la United Nations kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo morago ga ditlhaselo le ntwa e e diragetseng gareng ga kgwedi ya Mopitlo le Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2003.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/un-releases-dr-congo-report-listing-10-years-atrocities-identifying UN releases D.R. Congo report listing 10 years of atrocities, identifying justice options]</ref> Maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go kgobokanya ditsuololo tse di masisi tsa ditshwanelo tsa setho, ga mmogo le tsuololo ya molao wa mafatshefatshe wa setho, kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ka go dira se, e ne e tlaa sekaseka bokgoni jwa puso jwa go bereka le ditsuololo tse tsa ditshwanelo tsa setho le go tswa ka ditselana tsa go thusa puso ya Democratic Republic of the Congo go batla methale ya go lepalepana le ditsuololo tse. E ne e na le ditsebe di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano ebile e na le ditlhaloso tsa ditiragalo tsa dikgoka di le makgolo a marataro, lesome le bosupa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120917062534/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-1_Mapping_exercise_FINAL.pdf "DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 1993-2003 UN Mapping Report - What is the "DRC Mapping Exercise?"] – Objectives, methodology and time frame" (PDF). Archived from [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-1_Mapping_exercise_FINAL.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2012-09-17. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Kgobokanyo e e ne ya simolola ka 2008, ka babaereki ba le masome a mararo le boraro ba bereka kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo ba akaretsa baitseanape ba ditshwanelo tsa setho le batho ba kwa Congo. Pego e e e isitswe kwa ofising ya molaodi wa ditshwanelo Navi Pillay ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120917062534/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-1_Mapping_exercise_FINAL.pdf "DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 1993-2003 UN Mapping Report - What is the "DRC Mapping Exercise?" – Objectives, methodology and time frame"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-1_Mapping_exercise_FINAL.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2012-09-17. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Pego e e na le tshupo e e tseneletseng ya tlhaselo ya kampa ya Hutu ya batshabi kwa botlhaba jwa Congo ka tshimologo ya ntwa ya ntlha ya Congo ka Phalane ngwaga wa 1996, e salwa morago ke go lelekwa ga batshabi ba nna sekete kwa Hutu le beng gae ke masome a [[Rwanda|Rwanda,]] [[Burundi]] le [[Uganda]], ga mmogo le ditsoulodi tsa kwa Congo tsa bokopano jwa sesole go golola Congo.<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-6_Neighbouring_States_FINAL.pdf Mapping Exercise Report: Involvement of neighbouring states] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110829110637/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-6_Neighbouring_States_FINAL.pdf Archived] 2011-08-29 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> == Dintlha tse di amang kgang e == Morago ga go bonwa ga mabitla a mararo a boidiidi jwa batho kwa botlhaba jwa Democratic republic of Congo (DRC) ngwaga wa 2005 o ya fifing, lekgotla la United Nations le ne la itsise ka maikaelelo a lone a go romela setlhopha sa lone sa ditshwanelo tsa setho go dira ditshekatsheko, dipatlisiso le go kgobokanya dintlha mo pegong ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2006 go ya kwa khanseleng ya tshireletso. Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2007, mokwaledi wa UN Ban Ki-moon o ne a tlhomamisa mabaka a go dira kgobokanyo e morago ga metseletsele ya dipuisano mo makgotleg a a tshwanetseng le bapati le puso ya kwa Congo.<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/Countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/RDCProjetMapping.aspx%20 RDC Projet Mapping Exercise]</ref> Kgobokanyo e e simologile semmuso ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2008, ka go goroga ga moeteledipele wa setlhopha kwa Kinshasa. Gareng ga dikgwedi tsa Phalane ngwaga wa 2008 le Motsheganong 2009, babereki ba le masome a mararo le boraro ba ne ba bereka mo kgobokanyong e kwa DRC, ba akaretsa batho ba Congo le baitseanape ba ditshwanelo tsa setho. Mo go bone, babereki ba le masome a mabedi ba ne ba anamisiwa le lefatshe, ba berekela kwa ntle ga diofisi tse tlhano, go kgobokanya dintlha go tswa mo basuping go fitlhelela maikaelelo a mararo a a tlhalosistweng mo mabakeng. Pego e ne ya neelwa molaodi mogolo wa ditshwanelo tsa setho Navi Pillay ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2009, go lebelela, go akgela le go feleletsa. == Ditsela tsa tshekatsheko == Pego ya setlhopha ya ditsebe tse di makgolo matlhano le masome a mathano, e na le ditlhaloso tsa ditiragalo di le makgolo a marataro, lesome le bosupa tsa tiriso dikgoka tse di diragetseng kwa DRC gareng ga Mopitlo 1993 le Seetebosigo 2003. Nngwe le nngwe ya ditiragalo tse, e supa fa tsuololo e e tlhwaafetseng ya ditshwanelo tsa setho kgotsa ditlhaselo e ka tswa e diragetse. Nngwe le nngwe ya ditiragalo tse e tshegeditswe ke metswedi e e ikemetseng e le mebedi e e supilweng mopegong. Ditokomane di feta sekete le makgolo a matlhano tse di amanang le go tsuololwa ga ditshwanelo tsa setho ka nako eo di ne tsa phuthiwa tsa bo tsa kanokiwa ka maikaelello a go ditlhomaganya ka kgaolo e e nang le botsuolodi bo bontsi jo bo dirilweng. Ditiragalo tse di fitlhelelang seelo se se neng se beilwe ke tsone fela di neng di lebelelwa. Ditlhopha tse di neng di berekela kwa ntle ga diofisi di ne tsa kopana le basupi ba ka nna sekete, makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabobedi, go supa kgotsa go ganetsa botsuolodi bo bo kwadilweng. Dintlha di ne tsa tsewa mo melatong ya pele e e neng e sa kwalwa. Ditokomame di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano di ne tsa sekasekwa, dingwe tsa tsone e le tsa sephiri, di ne tsa phuthiwa go tswa mo metsweding ee farologaneng, e akaretsa lekgotla la Unted Nations, puso ya kwa Congo, batho ba merafe ya kwa Congo le makgotla a magolo a ditshwanelo tsa setho, metswedi ya dikgang ya mo gae le mafatshe ka bophara, batho ba ba ikemetseng le baitseanape ba mo gae le ba mafatshe, le bone ba ne ba botsolosiwa go ntsha ditsela tse dišha tsa patlisiso, go kgobokanya dintlha le go amanya ditshekatsheko. == Maikaelelo le maikemisetso == Pego e supa gore setlhopha se se neng se batlisisa se ne se sa itebaganya le go dira ditlhotlhomiso tse di tsenelesteng kgotsa go batla bosupi jo bo ka dirisiwang fa pele ga kgotlatshekelo mme ba baya pele tse di ka dirisiwang go dira tshekatsheko ya ntlha ka go ela tlhoko bokete jwa ditlhaselo, go ela tlhoko methale le go nna le kaelo ya metswedi ka bosupi. Tiragalo e e eteletswe pele ke molaodi wa ditshwanelo tsa setho wa United Nations ka thuso ya madi a a kanang ka didikadike di le tharo tsa di dolara tsa [[USA|America]], e ne e na le maikaelelo a mararo:<ref>[https://www.ambarwanda.be/pdf/tor-drc-mapping-exercise.pdf Terms of Reference of the DRC Mapping Exercise Team^{[''permanent dead link''<nowiki>]</nowiki>}]</ref> * Go kgobokanya dintlha ka botsuolodi jo bo masisi jwa ditshwanelo tsa setho le melao ya setho ya mafatshe kwa kgaolong ya DRC gareng ga dikgwedi tsa mopitlo 1993 le Seetebosigo 2003. * Go sekaseka kgonagalo e e leng teng ya molao go dira se se tshwanetseng ka tlolo molao wa ditshwanelo tsa setho. * Go lebelela ditsela tse di farologaneng tse di ikaeletseng go thusa puso ya DRC go supa methale ya go fedisa botsuolodi bo ka boammaruri, tshiamo, pusetso le paakanyo ba etse tlhoko maiteko a babusi ba DRC ga mogo le kemo nokeng ya setšhaba ka kakaretso. Maikaelelo a tiragalo e, a a sa tshwaneng le makgotla a a botsolosang a a nang le maikaelelo a go supa dirukutlhi le gore ba tsee maikarabelo a ditiro tsa bone, maikaelelo a tiragalo e e ne e se go supa ba ba tsaya maikarabelo, mme maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go supa masisi a botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng, ka go rotloetsa tsela ya go emisa go diragala ga tsone gape. Pego e mme e supa ditlhopha tse di neng di tshwere dibetsa tse ditsuolodi e leng bontlha jwa tsone., ka go ne go le maleba go supa ditlhopha tse gore go bonwe molao o o ka salwang morago. Dintlha ka batho ba ba dirileng bosula bo ga di tlhagelele mo pegong mme di beilwe ka sephiri kwa molaoding wa ditshwanelo tsa setho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba ba tshwerweng le ba ba setseng ba sekisitswe ba boletswe mo pegong. Maina le one a kwadilwe kwa matona a puso a rotloetsa kgotsa a kgatlhanong le melato e e kwadilweng.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/10/01/dr-congo-q-united-nations-human-rights-mapping-report Human Right Watch - DR Congo: Q & A on the United Nations] Human Rights Mapping Report</ref> == Nako e e akareditsweng == Pego e e kwadilwe ka go tlhomagana, e supa dinako di le nne mo ditsong tsa DRC: * Mopitlo 1993, go tsena Seetebosigo 1996: e supa botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng mo dingwageng tsa bofelo tsa puso ya ga tautona Mobutu Sese Seko, e tshwaiwa ke go retelela ga tsamaiso ya go sa buse ka puso ya batho ka batho le ditlamorago tse di setlhogo tsa ntwa ya kwa Rwanda kwa kgaolong ya Zaire, bogolo jang kwa dikgaolong tsa bokone jwa Kivu le borwa jwa Kivu. Ka nako e, ditiragalo di le masome a mane di ne tsa kwalwa. * Phukwi 1996, go tsena Phukwi 1998: Nako ya bobedi e supa botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng ka ntwa ya ntlha ya kwa Congo le ngwaga wa ntlha wa puso ya ga tautona Laurent-Desire Kabila. Nako e e na le palo e ntsi thata ya ditiragalo (makgolo a mabedi, masome a mararo le borobabobedi) mo dingwageng tseo. * Phatwe 1998 go stena Firikgong 2000: nako ya boraro e ama go kgobokanngwa ga botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng fa ntwa ya Congo e simologa ka Phatwe 1998 le loso lwa ga tautona Kabila. Nako e e akaretsa ditiragalo di le makgolo a mabedi ebile e supiwa ka go tsenelela kwa kgaolong ya puso ya DRC ga masole a a neng a tshotse dibetsa ba mafatshe a a farologaneng. * Firikgong 2001 go tsena ka Seetebosigo 2003: nako ya bofelo e supa ditiragalo di le lekgolo, masome a mararo le boferabongwe tse di dirilweng ntwa go dumalanwe go emisa ntwa le go ragogisiwa ga dipuisano tsa kagiso go baakanyetsa nako ya phetogo ya Seetebosigo a le malatsi a a masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2003. == Dikgakololo tsa pego == === Tshiamo === Pego ya UN ya go kgobokanya dintlha e gakolotse go tlhamiwa ga mothale wa puso ootlhakaneng o na le beng gae le ba mafatshe a sele e le tsela ya go diragatsa tshiamo go rarabolola melato ya mafatshe e e dirilweng kwa DRC. Ga e a ntsha dikgakololo tse di tlhomameng ka mokgwa wa ditsela tseo, kgotsa ka fa e tla berekang ka teng.<ref>[https://www.amnestyusa.org/files/afr620062011en_0.pdf Amnesty USA: The Time for Justice is Now] Archived 30 June 2025 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> == Metswedi == 0twxgqwcdgimj15gdrfdg9wvj5c5ag4 40888 40887 2025-06-30T11:43:42Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya Pego ya go kgobokanya dintlha ka lefatshe la DRC 40888 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pego ya go kgobokanya dintlha ka lefatshe la DRC''', kgotsa pego ya UN<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/Countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/DRCUNMappingReport.aspx "Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1993-2003 UN Mapping Report"]. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/13session/A-HRC-13-64.pdf Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights and the activities of her Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo"] (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 30 June 2025</ref> e e kgobokanyang dintlha ka lefatshe la [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ya ngwaga wa 1993 go tsena ka 2003, ke pego ya lekgotla la United Nations kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo morago ga ditlhaselo le ntwa e e diragetseng gareng ga kgwedi ya Mopitlo le Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2003.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/un-releases-dr-congo-report-listing-10-years-atrocities-identifying UN releases D.R. Congo report listing 10 years of atrocities, identifying justice options]</ref> Maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go kgobokanya ditsuololo tse di masisi tsa ditshwanelo tsa setho, ga mmogo le tsuololo ya molao wa mafatshefatshe wa setho, kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ka go dira se, e ne e tlaa sekaseka bokgoni jwa puso jwa go bereka le ditsuololo tse tsa ditshwanelo tsa setho le go tswa ka ditselana tsa go thusa puso ya Democratic Republic of the Congo go batla methale ya go lepalepana le ditsuololo tse. E ne e na le ditsebe di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano ebile e na le ditlhaloso tsa ditiragalo tsa dikgoka di le makgolo a marataro, lesome le bosupa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120917062534/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-1_Mapping_exercise_FINAL.pdf "DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 1993-2003 UN Mapping Report - What is the "DRC Mapping Exercise?"] – Objectives, methodology and time frame" (PDF). Archived from [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-1_Mapping_exercise_FINAL.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2012-09-17. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Kgobokanyo e e ne ya simolola ka 2008, ka babaereki ba le masome a mararo le boraro ba bereka kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo ba akaretsa baitseanape ba ditshwanelo tsa setho le batho ba kwa Congo. Pego e e e isitswe kwa ofising ya molaodi wa ditshwanelo Navi Pillay ka ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120917062534/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-1_Mapping_exercise_FINAL.pdf "DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 1993-2003 UN Mapping Report - What is the "DRC Mapping Exercise?" – Objectives, methodology and time frame"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-1_Mapping_exercise_FINAL.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2012-09-17. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Pego e e na le tshupo e e tseneletseng ya tlhaselo ya kampa ya Hutu ya batshabi kwa botlhaba jwa Congo ka tshimologo ya ntwa ya ntlha ya Congo ka Phalane ngwaga wa 1996, e salwa morago ke go lelekwa ga batshabi ba nna sekete kwa Hutu le beng gae ke masome a [[Rwanda|Rwanda,]] [[Burundi]] le [[Uganda]], ga mmogo le ditsoulodi tsa kwa Congo tsa bokopano jwa sesole go golola Congo.<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-6_Neighbouring_States_FINAL.pdf Mapping Exercise Report: Involvement of neighbouring states] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110829110637/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-6_Neighbouring_States_FINAL.pdf Archived] 2011-08-29 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> == Dintlha tse di amang kgang e == Morago ga go bonwa ga mabitla a mararo a boidiidi jwa batho kwa botlhaba jwa Democratic republic of Congo (DRC) ngwaga wa 2005 o ya fifing, lekgotla la United Nations le ne la itsise ka maikaelelo a lone a go romela setlhopha sa lone sa ditshwanelo tsa setho go dira ditshekatsheko, dipatlisiso le go kgobokanya dintlha mo pegong ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2006 go ya kwa khanseleng ya tshireletso. Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2007, mokwaledi wa UN Ban Ki-moon o ne a tlhomamisa mabaka a go dira kgobokanyo e morago ga metseletsele ya dipuisano mo makgotleg a a tshwanetseng le bapati le puso ya kwa Congo.<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/Countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/RDCProjetMapping.aspx%20 RDC Projet Mapping Exercise]</ref> Kgobokanyo e e simologile semmuso ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2008, ka go goroga ga moeteledipele wa setlhopha kwa Kinshasa. Gareng ga dikgwedi tsa Phalane ngwaga wa 2008 le Motsheganong 2009, babereki ba le masome a mararo le boraro ba ne ba bereka mo kgobokanyong e kwa DRC, ba akaretsa batho ba Congo le baitseanape ba ditshwanelo tsa setho. Mo go bone, babereki ba le masome a mabedi ba ne ba anamisiwa le lefatshe, ba berekela kwa ntle ga diofisi tse tlhano, go kgobokanya dintlha go tswa mo basuping go fitlhelela maikaelelo a mararo a a tlhalosistweng mo mabakeng. Pego e ne ya neelwa molaodi mogolo wa ditshwanelo tsa setho Navi Pillay ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2009, go lebelela, go akgela le go feleletsa. == Ditsela tsa tshekatsheko == Pego ya setlhopha ya ditsebe tse di makgolo matlhano le masome a mathano, e na le ditlhaloso tsa ditiragalo di le makgolo a marataro, lesome le bosupa tsa tiriso dikgoka tse di diragetseng kwa DRC gareng ga Mopitlo 1993 le Seetebosigo 2003. Nngwe le nngwe ya ditiragalo tse, e supa fa tsuololo e e tlhwaafetseng ya ditshwanelo tsa setho kgotsa ditlhaselo e ka tswa e diragetse. Nngwe le nngwe ya ditiragalo tse e tshegeditswe ke metswedi e e ikemetseng e le mebedi e e supilweng mopegong. Ditokomane di feta sekete le makgolo a matlhano tse di amanang le go tsuololwa ga ditshwanelo tsa setho ka nako eo di ne tsa phuthiwa tsa bo tsa kanokiwa ka maikaelello a go ditlhomaganya ka kgaolo e e nang le botsuolodi bo bontsi jo bo dirilweng. Ditiragalo tse di fitlhelelang seelo se se neng se beilwe ke tsone fela di neng di lebelelwa. Ditlhopha tse di neng di berekela kwa ntle ga diofisi di ne tsa kopana le basupi ba ka nna sekete, makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabobedi, go supa kgotsa go ganetsa botsuolodi bo bo kwadilweng. Dintlha di ne tsa tsewa mo melatong ya pele e e neng e sa kwalwa. Ditokomame di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano di ne tsa sekasekwa, dingwe tsa tsone e le tsa sephiri, di ne tsa phuthiwa go tswa mo metsweding ee farologaneng, e akaretsa lekgotla la Unted Nations, puso ya kwa Congo, batho ba merafe ya kwa Congo le makgotla a magolo a ditshwanelo tsa setho, metswedi ya dikgang ya mo gae le mafatshe ka bophara, batho ba ba ikemetseng le baitseanape ba mo gae le ba mafatshe, le bone ba ne ba botsolosiwa go ntsha ditsela tse dišha tsa patlisiso, go kgobokanya dintlha le go amanya ditshekatsheko. == Maikaelelo le maikemisetso == Pego e supa gore setlhopha se se neng se batlisisa se ne se sa itebaganya le go dira ditlhotlhomiso tse di tsenelesteng kgotsa go batla bosupi jo bo ka dirisiwang fa pele ga kgotlatshekelo mme ba baya pele tse di ka dirisiwang go dira tshekatsheko ya ntlha ka go ela tlhoko bokete jwa ditlhaselo, go ela tlhoko methale le go nna le kaelo ya metswedi ka bosupi. Tiragalo e e eteletswe pele ke molaodi wa ditshwanelo tsa setho wa United Nations ka thuso ya madi a a kanang ka didikadike di le tharo tsa di dolara tsa [[USA|America]], e ne e na le maikaelelo a mararo:<ref>[https://www.ambarwanda.be/pdf/tor-drc-mapping-exercise.pdf Terms of Reference of the DRC Mapping Exercise Team^{[''permanent dead link''<nowiki>]</nowiki>}]</ref> * Go kgobokanya dintlha ka botsuolodi jo bo masisi jwa ditshwanelo tsa setho le melao ya setho ya mafatshe kwa kgaolong ya DRC gareng ga dikgwedi tsa mopitlo 1993 le Seetebosigo 2003. * Go sekaseka kgonagalo e e leng teng ya molao go dira se se tshwanetseng ka tlolo molao wa ditshwanelo tsa setho. * Go lebelela ditsela tse di farologaneng tse di ikaeletseng go thusa puso ya DRC go supa methale ya go fedisa botsuolodi bo ka boammaruri, tshiamo, pusetso le paakanyo ba etse tlhoko maiteko a babusi ba DRC ga mogo le kemo nokeng ya setšhaba ka kakaretso. Maikaelelo a tiragalo e, a a sa tshwaneng le makgotla a a botsolosang a a nang le maikaelelo a go supa dirukutlhi le gore ba tsee maikarabelo a ditiro tsa bone, maikaelelo a tiragalo e e ne e se go supa ba ba tsaya maikarabelo, mme maikaelelo a yone e ne e le go supa masisi a botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng, ka go rotloetsa tsela ya go emisa go diragala ga tsone gape. Pego e mme e supa ditlhopha tse di neng di tshwere dibetsa tse ditsuolodi e leng bontlha jwa tsone., ka go ne go le maleba go supa ditlhopha tse gore go bonwe molao o o ka salwang morago. Dintlha ka batho ba ba dirileng bosula bo ga di tlhagelele mo pegong mme di beilwe ka sephiri kwa molaoding wa ditshwanelo tsa setho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ba ba tshwerweng le ba ba setseng ba sekisitswe ba boletswe mo pegong. Maina le one a kwadilwe kwa matona a puso a rotloetsa kgotsa a kgatlhanong le melato e e kwadilweng.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2010/10/01/dr-congo-q-united-nations-human-rights-mapping-report Human Right Watch - DR Congo: Q & A on the United Nations] Human Rights Mapping Report</ref> == Nako e e akareditsweng == Pego e e kwadilwe ka go tlhomagana, e supa dinako di le nne mo ditsong tsa DRC: * Mopitlo 1993, go tsena Seetebosigo 1996: e supa botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng mo dingwageng tsa bofelo tsa puso ya ga tautona Mobutu Sese Seko, e tshwaiwa ke go retelela ga tsamaiso ya go sa buse ka puso ya batho ka batho le ditlamorago tse di setlhogo tsa ntwa ya kwa Rwanda kwa kgaolong ya Zaire, bogolo jang kwa dikgaolong tsa bokone jwa Kivu le borwa jwa Kivu. Ka nako e, ditiragalo di le masome a mane di ne tsa kwalwa. * Phukwi 1996, go tsena Phukwi 1998: Nako ya bobedi e supa botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng ka ntwa ya ntlha ya kwa Congo le ngwaga wa ntlha wa puso ya ga tautona Laurent-Desire Kabila. Nako e e na le palo e ntsi thata ya ditiragalo (makgolo a mabedi, masome a mararo le borobabobedi) mo dingwageng tseo. * Phatwe 1998 go stena Firikgong 2000: nako ya boraro e ama go kgobokanngwa ga botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng fa ntwa ya Congo e simologa ka Phatwe 1998 le loso lwa ga tautona Kabila. Nako e e akaretsa ditiragalo di le makgolo a mabedi ebile e supiwa ka go tsenelela kwa kgaolong ya puso ya DRC ga masole a a neng a tshotse dibetsa ba mafatshe a a farologaneng. * Firikgong 2001 go tsena ka Seetebosigo 2003: nako ya bofelo e supa ditiragalo di le lekgolo, masome a mararo le boferabongwe tse di dirilweng ntwa go dumalanwe go emisa ntwa le go ragogisiwa ga dipuisano tsa kagiso go baakanyetsa nako ya phetogo ya Seetebosigo a le malatsi a a masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2003. == Dikgakololo tsa pego == === Tshiamo === Pego ya UN ya go kgobokanya dintlha e gakolotse go tlhamiwa ga mothale wa puso ootlhakaneng o na le beng gae le ba mafatshe a sele e le tsela ya go diragatsa tshiamo go rarabolola melato ya mafatshe e e dirilweng kwa DRC. Ga e a ntsha dikgakololo tse di tlhomameng ka mokgwa wa ditsela tseo, kgotsa ka fa e tla berekang ka teng.<ref>[https://www.amnestyusa.org/files/afr620062011en_0.pdf Amnesty USA: The Time for Justice is Now] Archived 30 June 2025 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Ditsela le mofuta wa kgotlatshekelo eo di tshwanetse go dirwa ka go buisana le botlhe ba ba amegang, ga mmogo le batswasetlhabelo ba ba amegang...tsamaiso ya mofuta o e tshwanetse gore dirisa molao wa mafatshefatshe go tsamaelana le melato ya mafatshefatshe, e akaretsa maikarabelo a bagolwane mo dilong tse di dirilweng ke ba ba ba berekelang; e tshwanetse go ntsha katlholo ya kgotlatshekelo, mme e ame batho botlhe ba ba dirileng melato e, kwa go nang le beng gae kgotsa batswakwa. === Go batla nnete le dipusetso === Go tlhomamisa gore batho ba Congo ba na le tshwanelo ya boammaruri mo melatong yotlhe e e tseneletseng ya go tsuolola ditshwanelo tsa setho, pego e supa fa go tlhama komiti e ntšha ya boammaruri go ka thusa go supa maikarabelo a metheo, sepolotiki, sesole le maikarabelo a mangwe; go sireletsa bosupi, go supa ba ba dirileng molato, go gakolola ka ditsela tsa go fetoga, le go fa batho dirala tse ba ka buang ka matshenyego a bone.<ref>Mapping Report: [https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-8_Transitional_Justice_FINAL.pdf Transitional justice options] [https://web.archive.org/web/20111226031302/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ZR/FS-8_Transitional_Justice_FINAL.pdf Archived] 2011-12-26 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Go ya ka palo e ntsi ya batswasetlhabelo, pego e ya re tsela e e tseneletseng ya go bua ka dipusetso e a tlhokafala, e supa gape gore puso ya kwa Congo e tshwanetse go nna ya ntlha go ntsha seabe. Mme gape e supa maikarabelo a mafatshe a mangwe a a amegang mo kgotlhang e e bo e supa le gore batho le makgotla a pereko aa tsuolotseng DRC le ditswammung tsa kefatshe leo ka nako ya kgotlhang ba tshwanetse go gwetlhiwa go duela phimolo dikeledi fa ba ka fitlhelwa ba tsere seabe mo kgotlhang e. === Molato wa kganyaolo === Pego e supa fa go le botlhokwa go dira tshekatsheko ya molao go sedimosa ditiragalo tse di begiwleng ka ngwaga wa 1996 go tsena wa 1997. Tshekatsheko e o le tshwetso ya semolao ke tsone fela di ka nnang mo maemong a go tsaya tshwetso ya gore a ditiragalo tse di lekana le molato wa kganyaolo. Pego e ya kgobokanyo dintlha e supile fa potso ya gore a ditiro tse dintsi tsa tiriso dikgoka tse di dirilweng kgatlhanong le batho ba Huru (beng gae le batswakwa) di akaretsa melato ya kganyaolo e gapile dikakgelo tse di rileng ebile gompieno ga e ise e rarabololwe. Pego e e gatelela gangwe le gape gore potso e e ka rarabololwa ke kgotlatshekelo go ya ka bosupi jo bo tseneletseng. Le fa go ntse jalo, ditlhaselo tse tsa gangw le gape tse di tlhalositsweng mo pegong e, di upolola palo ya ditiragalo tse fa di ka isiwa fa pele ga kgotlatshekelo di ka supiwa e le melato ya kganyaolo.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/congo/8037365/UN-releases-Congo-genocide-report.html The Telegraph: UN releases Congo genocide report]</ref><ref>Rukundo, Olivier [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IAKHjG2-vs 1]] A Hutu Survivor Testimony</ref> Dintlha dinwge di ka baka gore kgotlatshekelo e nne maoto a tshupa go tsaya tshwetso ka go nna teng ga kganyaolo, jaaka kgang ya gore ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 1996 a le lesome le botlhano, batho ba kwa Rwanda ba morafe wa Hutu ba le dikete di le mmalwa ba ba neng ba falotse tlhaselo, ba ne ba busediwa kwa Rwanda ka thuso ya babusi ba AFDL/APR le gore makgolo a dikete tsa batho ba Rwanda ba morafe wa Hutu ba ne ba kgona go boela kwa Rwanda ka tumalano ya babusi ba kwa Rwanda pele ga tshimologo ya ntwa ya ntlha.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/more-rwandan-hutu-refugees-zaire-flown-home Reuters: More Rwandan Hutu Refugees in Zaire Flown Home]</ref> Le ntswa ditlhaselo ste di sa tlola basadi le bana, mo mafelong mangwe, kwa tshimologong ya ntwa ya ntlha, basadi le bana ba morafe wa Hutu ba ne ba farologantswe le banna, mme banna ya nna bone fela ba ba bolailweng. == Kakanyetso ya pego e e ntshitsweng e ise e nne nako == Kakanyetso ya ntlha ya pego e ne ya ntshiwa e se ka fa tetlelelong ke pamiri ya dikgang ya kwa France ya Le Monte ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bosupa,<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2010/08/26/l-acte-d-accusation-de-dix-ans-de-crimes-au-congo-rdc_1402933_3212.html Le Monde]: L'acte d'accusation de dix ans de crimes au Congo RDC</ref> e baka dikgogakgogano ka e ne e bega gore ditlhopha tsa ditsuolodi tsa kwa Congo, masole a kwa Uganda (ga mmogo le a Burundi, Angola le a mangwe) a ne a tsuolotse ditshwanelo tsa setho. == Metswedi == bwvz9zfcr1qlwoedprrlwpgu6679at6