Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.8 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 10696 41007 40886 2025-07-08T10:48:51Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya " Botaki jwa Aforika mo dikgobokanyong tsa kwa bophirima" 41007 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mask - Ibo - Nigeria - Royal Palace, Brussels.JPG|thumb|Setshwantsho sa sefatlhego sa Ibo kwa mabolokelonga ditso a Royal kwa Belgium]] Dilwana dingwe tsa Aforika di kgobakantswe ke batho ba Europe mo makgolong a dingwaga, go na le mehama e e dirang mefuta mengwe, bogolo jang ditshwantsho mo dinakeng tsa tlou, go rekisetsa marekisetso a kwa europe. Gareng ga dingwaga tsa 1890 le 1918, bontsi jwa botaki bo oketsegile fa dikolone tsa bophirima di anamago dira gore go ntshiwe botaki bongwe jwa borwa jwa Aforika jo bo neng jwa isiwa kwa Europe go supiwa.<ref>Coombes, Annie E. (1997). ''Reinventing Africa : museums, material culture and popular imagination in late Victorian and Edwardian England'' (2nd pr ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0300068905|0300068905]]</bdi>.</ref> Botraki bo bo tsene mo kgobokanyong ya mabolokelo a ditso, mabolokelo a botaki le tsa batho kwa Europe le United States. Masome a ferabongwe mo lekgolong jwa boswa jwa Aforika go dumelwa bo le kwa Europe, go ya ka baitseanape ba ditso tsa botaki kwa France.<ref>Owolabi, Tife (February 20, 2022). "[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/nigerias-looted-benin-bronzes-returned-more-than-century-later-2022-02-19/ Nigeria's looted Benin bronzes returned, more than a century later]". ''www.reuters.com''. Retrieved 25 June 2025.</ref> Pele botaki bo bo ne bo supagala bo supa ngwao ya merafe e e farologaneng ya Aforika, mme lekgolong la dingwaga di le masome mabedi, batho ba ne ba simolola go bona mosola wa tsone jaaka dilwana tsa botaki. Kwa phelelong ya lekgolo la dingwaga ke gone botaki jwa sešha jwa Aforika bo neng bo simolola go bonwa bo na le mosola.<ref>Meier, Prita (2010). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/27934077 Authenticity and ITS Modernist Discontents: The Colonial Encounter and African and Middle Eastern Art History]". ''The Arab Studies Journal''. '''18''' (1): 12–45. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1083-4753 1083-4753]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27934077 27934077].</ref> == Lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe == Pele ga bokopano jwa kwa Berlin jwa ngwaga wa 1885, bagwebi le babatlisisi kwa Aforika ba ne ba reka kgotsa ba utswa botaki go nna digakolodi,<ref name=":0">Enid Schildkrout and Curtis A. Keim, ed. (1998). ''The Scramble for Art in Central Africa''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> botaki jwa dinaka tsa tlou bo boneng bo aname go feta lotshitshi bo kgobokantswe mo makgolong a dingwaga, bontsi bo dirilwe ke ma Aforika go rekisetsa batho ba Europe, bogolo jang kwa mafelong a batho ba Portugal ba neng ba goroga kwa go one. Nako e go neng go kgobokanngwa digakolodi tse e ne ya salwa morago ke nako ya go kgokanya dietsele e dikgobokanyo tse dintsi tsa dibetsa, matlalo a diphologolo, dinaka mo matsomong a ba neng ba a dira.<ref name=":0" /> Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1870, dibopiwa tse di betlilweng di le dikete di ne tsa goroga kwa Europe morago ga bokolone le barongwa ba SeKeresete. Di le dintsi di ne tsa goroga kwa mabolokelong jaaka a Musee dÉthnographie du Trocadero o o butsweng ka ngwaga wa 1878 kwa Paris le ditoropokgolo tse dingwe kwa Europe.<ref name=":1">Denise, Murrell (April 2008). "[https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/african-influences-in-modern-art African Influences in Modern Art]". ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.</ref> Ka nakao eo, botaki bo ne bo tshwarwa jaaka dilo tse di ribolotsweng tsa dingwao tsa dikolone go na le go tshwarwa jaaka botaki jwa tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tase, bo gantsi bo rekisiwang kwa marekisetsong a a admang batho madi.<ref name=":1" /> Ka puisano ya go busediwa ga botaki jwa Aforika morago ga kitsiso ya ga tautona Emmanuel Macron wa France ka ngwaga wa 2017. == Kgobokanyo ya Europe == [[Setshwantsho:Reino de Oku, Museo de Arte Africano (34538765253).jpg|thumb|Diaparo tsa oku]] Ditso tse di farologaneng tsa mabolokelo kwa Europe le United States di amile go kgobokanngwa le go supiwa ga botaki jwa Aforika mo mafelong a mabedi a o.<ref>Berzock, Kathleen Bickford; Christa Clark (2011). ''Representing Africa in American Art Museums''. Seattle & London: University of Washington Press. pp. 3–19.</ref> Mabolokelo a ditso a kwa Europe, a simolotse e le metheo ya lefatshe ka jalo dikgobokanyo tsa one le ditshupo di ne di kgothadiwa ke kgatlhego ya batho. Botaki jwa Afroika gantsi bo ne bo bewa e le thuto ya ditso. Go lemoga boleng jwa dilwana tsa Aforika e le botaki kwa Europe go ne go dirwa fela kwa ditshupong tsa beng ba tsone mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le masome a mabedi. Kwa Paris, barekisi ba tshwana le Paul Guillaume, Charles Ratton le Louis Carre ba ne ba na le seabe mo tshimololong ya dikgobokanyo tsa botaki jwa Aforika. === Mabolokelo a ditso a bogosi a legare la Aforika kwa Belgium === Ka ngwaga wa 1897, Kgosi Leopold wa bobedi o ne a tsaya sebaka sa ditshupo tsa mafatshe tsa kwa Brussels kwa Tervuren go rotloetsa taolo ya gagwe kwa Congo Free State. Ditshupo tsa ngwaga wa 1897 tsa mafatshefatshe di ne tsa tsisa kgatlhego ya maranyane mo didirisiweng tsa tlholego, batho le diphologolo la legare la Aforika, ka jalo Kgosi leopold wa bobedi o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go oketsa thotloetso ya gagwe ya Congo. Mabolokelo a bogosi a legare la Aforika a agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1898, e le mabolokelo a sennela ruri ebile e le motheo wa tsa maranyane, o go bewang ditshupo gore batho ba Belgium ba di bone le go rotloetsa go ithuta ka legare la Aforika.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131103192036/http://www.africamuseum.be/museum/about-us/museum/history/Congomuseum "History: From Congo Museum to RMCA".] ''Royal Museum for Central Africa''. Archived from [https://www.africamuseum.be/en the original] on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 08 July 2025.</ref> === Mabolokelo a ditso a Britain === Mafelo a ditshupo tsa botaki a Sainsbury kwa mabolokelong a Britis kwa London, a supa dilwana di le makgolo a marataro go tswa mo kgobokanyong e tona ya botaki jwa Aforika le ngwao mo lefatsheng. Mafelo a mararo a sennela ruri a na le lefelo la ditshupo la kgobokanyo ya Aforika, le le nang le dilwana di feta dikete tse di makgolo mabedi. Lefelo le le na le tse di upolotsweng tsa bogologolo le dilwana tsa segompieno, di akaretsa dilwana tsa malatsi otlhe le tse di sa tlwaelesegang. Dilwana tse di tsentsweng tsa tlhwatlhwa ke tse di neng di kgobokantswe ke Sir Henry Wellcome, tse di neng tsa abiwa ke mabolokelo a ditso tsa Wellcome Historical Medical Museum ka ngwaga wa 1954. Dintlha tsa botlhokwa mo kgobokanyong ya Aforika di akaretsa ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng ka borosne tsa kwa Benin le Igbo-Ukwu, tlhogo ya boronse ya ka mohumagadi Idia, tlhogo e e dirilweng ka borase ya moeteledipele wa Yoruba go tswa kwa Ife, dibenya tsa boronse go tswa kwa Lagos, borwa jwa Nigeria, dinaka tsa tlou tsa batho bantsho ba ma Potokisi, tse di dirilweng ka gauta go tswa kwa morafeng wa Asante kwa Ghana di akaretsa kgobokanyo ya ga Bodwich, teramo ya Akan go tswa mo kgaolong ya bophirima jwa Aforika, motseletsele wa dilo tse di betlilweng ka letlapa la molora go tswa mo batho ba Kissi kwa Sierra Leone le Liberia, kgobokanyo ya Torday ya dipetlo tsa legare la Aforika, tse di rokilweng le dibetsa, matsela a botlhokwa go tswa Ethiopia. == Metswedi == 68bc7h3c16nqbdw5wjg8aobzz07v0p9 0 10727 41004 40970 2025-07-08T07:06:22Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya "Go tsuologa ga bokgoba" 41004 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Tod des Spartacus by Hermann Vogel.jpg|thumb|Loso lwa ga Spartacus ka Hermann Vogel, ngwaga wa 1882]] '''Go tsuologa ga bokgoba''' ke botsuolodi jwa batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba tshotse dibetsa, e le tsela ya go lwela kgololesego ya bone. Go tsuologa ga batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba go diragetse mo ditšhabeng tsotlhe tse di diragatsang bokgoba kgotsa di kile tsa diragatsa bokgoba mo ditsong. keletso ya kgololesego le toro ya go tsuologa mo go atlegang di dirisiwa thata mo dipineng, botaki, le ngwao mo bathong ba ba dirilweng makgoba. Ditiragalo tse, le fa go ntse jalo, gantsi di kganelwa ka tlhaselo di bo di gatelelwa ke batho ba ba nang le makgoba. Kgaolo ya Sparta ya bogologolo e ne e na le mofuta wa makgoba o o bidiwang helots ba ba neng gantsi ba sa tshwarwe sentle, se se ba gwetlha go tsuologa.<ref>[https://www.thoughtco.com/sparta-a-military-state-112761 "Sparta – A Military City-State"]. Archived from the original on 2005-11-07. Retrieved 08 July 2025</ref> Go ya ka Herodotus, mofuta o wa bokgoba batho ba ba welang ka fa tlase ga one ba ne ba le bantsi ga supa go fetisa ba mofuta wa Spartans. Paka ya letlhafula nngwe le nngwe, go ya ka Plutarch, batho ba Spartan ba ne ba bolotsa ntwa mo go ba helot gore banni ba Spartan a kgone go bolaya wa helot a sa boife sepe, ebile a sena letswalo gore ba ba tsenye mo tseleng. Kwa bogosing jwa Roma, le ntwa mokgwa wa batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba o ne o bereka kgatlhanong le go nna seopo sengwe, ditsuologo tsa batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba di ne di diragala, ebile di otlhaelwa mo go tseneletseng.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/slavery_01.shtml "Resisting Slavery in Ancient Rome By Professor Keith Bradle".] Bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 08 July 2025.</ref> Botsuolodi jo bo itsegeng thata kwa Europe bo ne bo eteletswe pele ke Spartacus kwa Roman Italy, ka ntwa ya boraro. Ntwa e e ne ya baka gore batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba le dikete thataro ba ba falotseng ba bapolwe mo ditseleng tse ditona tse di yang kwa Rome.<ref>[https://www.thoughtco.com/slave-revolts-or-servile-wars-in-italy-112744 "The Sicilian Slave Wars and Spartacus"]. thoughtco.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 08 July 2025.</ref> Se e ne e le ntwa ya boraro mo metseletseleng ya dintwa tse di lolweng ke batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba kgatlhanong le ma Roma. == Aforika == Ka ngwaga wa 1808 go tsena 1825, go ne ga nna le go tsuologa ga batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba kwa koloneg ya Kapa, e e neng e sa tswa go tsewa ke lefatshe la Britain. Le ntswa kgwebo ya makgoba e ne e emisitswe semmuso mo bogosing jwa Britain ka molao wa kgwebo ya makgoba wa 1807, le bokgoba ka bo bone jwa emisiwa ka molao wa 1833 wa kemiso ya bokgoba, go tsere go fitlha ngwaga wa 1850 gore bo emisiwe mo dikgaolong tse di neng di tla nna [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>Giliomee, Hermann (2003). "The Afrikaners", Chapter 4 – Masters, Slaves and Servants, the fear of gelykstelling, pp. 93–94</ref> '''São Tomé and Príncipe''' Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e ferabongwe ngwaga wa 1595, Rei Amador le batho ba gagwe ba [[Angola|Angola,]] ba ne ba berekisana le batho ba bangwe ba [[Aferika|Aforika]] ba ba neng ba ba dirilwe makgoba kwa polasing, ba ne ba gwantela mo sekgweng se se kwa teng ba lwantsha batho ba lotso lwa Portuguese. Go bolelwa gore ka letsatsi leo Rei Amador le balatedi ba gagwe ba ne ba tsholetsa folaga fa pele ga bannni ba supa fa Rei Amador e le ene kgosi ya Sao Tome and Principe, a itira "Rei Amador, mogolodi wa batho bantsho botlhe". Gareng ga dingwaga tsa 1595 le 1596, bontlha jwa setlhaketlhake sa Sao Tome bo ne bo eteletswe pele ke batho ba Angola, ka fa tlase ga ketelelo pele ya ga Rei Amador. Ka kgwedi ya Firikgong, e le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 1596, o ne a tshwarwa,a romelwa kwa kgolegelong mme morago a bolawa ke batho ba lotso lwa Portuguese. Le gompieno ba mo gakologelwa ka lorato ebile ba mo supa e le mogaka wa ditlhaketlhake. Ka dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa, go ne go na le tsuololo e ntsi ya batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba kwa koloneng ya Portugal ya Sao Tome and Principe, mo lotshitshing lwa Aforika, mo go neng ga senya temo ya dijalo tsa sukiri koo. == Metswedi == egh0svq04hyowfy8vg5ijt4p1neugej 0 10731 41002 40996 2025-07-07T15:34:47Z 41.198.158.28 41002 wikitext text/x-wiki Lundi Buhle Gugwana (born 26 September 1999), known professionally as Thee Buhle is a South-African born 3-step DJ, dancer and content creator. She gained popularity after posting videos of her dancing. She is the alleged estranged friend of [[Pabi Cooper]]. <syntaxhighlight lang="apt_sources" line="1">Born: 26 September 1999 Other names: Lundi Known for: Dancing, DJing Children: None</syntaxhighlight>In 2025, Buhle appeared on the show "MTV: City Girls Are Up" with fellow amapiano artists Boohle and Bontle Smith. She announced her debut single with Zeh Mcgeba, MK Productions and Sykes. She has over 151k+ subscribers on YouTube, 788k+ followers on Instagram and 1.2M followers on TikTok. qhvhmh1b7uw6zgy60s2i4iku1uzjoqk 0 10732 41001 2025-07-07T13:10:31Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya "Bokopano jwa baeteledipele ba mebuso ya mafatshe a selekane ka ngwaga wa 2024" 41001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa -Day 2 (54091914325).jpg|thumb|Phalane a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 2024, kwa Apia, Samoa. Tonakgolo Keir Starmer o tsenelela moletlo wa tshimololo ya bokopano jwa baeteledipele ba mafatshe a selekane kwa Samoa. Senepe ka Simon Dawson]] '''Bokopano jwa ngwaga wa 2024, jwa baeteledipele ba mebuso ya mafatshe a selekane''' bo bo itsegeng gape ka leina khutswe la '''CHOGM 2024''', e ne e le bokopano jwa masome a mabedi le bosupa jwa baeteledipele ba mebuso ya mafatshe a selekana. Bokopano jo bo ne bo tshwaretswe kwa Samoa go tswa ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi le botlhano go tsena a le masome a mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa 2024, bo ne jwa etelelwa pele ke dikopano tsa bo tona, le ditiragalo tse dingwe tse di neng di simolotse ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2024.<ref>[https://www.samoagovt.ws/2024/09/press-release-chogm-samoa-2024-operational-note-for-media/ "PRESS RELEASE – CHOGM Samoa 2024: Operational Note for Media".] Government of Samoa. 19 September 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2025.</ref><ref>[https://thecommonwealth.org/news/commonwealth-heads-government-meet-samoa-2024 "Commonwealth Heads of Government to meet in Samoa in 2024".] The Commonwealth. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://samoaglobalnews.com/prime-minister-confident-with-preparations-for-chogm/ "Prime Minister Confident with Preparations for CHOGM"]. ''Samoa Global News''. 10 February 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Bokopano bo e ne e le jwa ntlha jo bo tletseng, jwa mafatshe a selekane fa e sale Mmamosadinyana a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 2022, ebile e le wa ntlha o o eteletsweng pele ke Kgosi Charles wa boraro jaaka tlhogo ya mafatshe a selekane.<ref name=":1">[https://thecommonwealth.org/news/samoa-announces-theme-2024-commonwealth-heads-government-meeting "Samoa announces theme for the 2024 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting"]. ''The Commonwealth''. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Bokopano jo gape, e ne e le jwa ntlha jwa baeteledipele ba mafatshe a selekane jo bo tshwaretsweng kwa setlhaketlhakeng se sebotlana se se santseng se tlhabologa.<ref>[https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20230703/chogm-be-held-samoa-2024 "CHOGM to be held in Samoa in 2024"]. ''The (Jamaica) Gleaner''. 3 July 2023. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Loeto lwa ga Kgosi go ya kwa borwa jwa lewatle la Pacific, le le neng le akaretsa go bona lefatshe la Australia pele ga bokopano jwa kwa Samoa, e ne e le loeto lwa gagwe lwa ntlha go kgabaganya mawatle fa e sale ba bongaka ba supa fa a na le bolwetsi jwa kankere ngwaga wa 2024 o simologa.<ref>[https://www.newsweek.com/king-charles-sensitive-change-australia-tour-walkabout-1952069 "King Charles Makes Sensitive Change for Australia Visit".] ''Newsweek''. September 25, 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025</ref> == Setlhogo == Setlhogo sa bokopano jo e ne e le "Bokamoso bo bongwefela: go fetola khumo e re e tlhakanetseng".<ref name=":1" /> Maikaelelo a a neng a builwe a bokopano jo e ne e le go "thatafatsa metheo ya puso ya batho ka batho go setswe morago ditshwanelo tsa setho, puso ya batho ka batho le molao".<ref name=":0" /> Bo ne gape bo ikaelela go lwantsha phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, bogolo jang ka ditlamorago tsa phetogo e mo mafatsheng a mannye le ditlhaketlhake.<ref>[https://www.commonwealthroundtable.co.uk/general/eye-on-the-commonwealth/samoa-makes-resilience-chogms-theme-as-fight-over-financing-looms/ "Samoa makes resilience CHOGM's theme as fight over financing looms".] ''Commonwealth Roundtable''. The Commonwealth. 6 October 2023. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> == Ditlhopho tsa mokwaledi mogolo == Go nnile le ditlhopho tsa mokwaled mogolo wa mafatshe a selekane, ka mokwaledi o a neng a ntse a le teng Patricia Scotland a ne a supile ka ngwaga wa 2022 fa a tla a kgona go tswelela mo maemong a o dingwaga tse pedi fela.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/australian-backed-candidate-fails-in-bid-to-topple-commonwealth-boss-patricia-scotland-20220624-p5awhl.html "Australian-backed candidate fails to topple Commonwealth boss Patricia Scotland".] 24 June 2022.</ref> Tona wa tsa mafatshe a sele wa kwa Ghana Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey,<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/news/1289910/foreign-affairs-minister-shirley-ayorkor-botchwey.html "Foreign Affairs minister Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey eyes Commonwealth Secretary-General position"]. ''Modern Ghana''. 2 February 2024. Retrieved 0-7 July 2025.</ref> tona wa tsa mafatshe a sele wa kwa [[The Gambia|Gambia]] Mamadou Tangara, le ralekgotla Joshua Septiba wa [[Lesotho]] ba ne ba itsise fa ba tla a emela tlhopho ya maemo ao.<ref>[https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/headlines/dr-tangara-2-others-vie-for-commonwealth-sg-position "Dr Tangara, 2 others vie for Commonwealth SG position"]. ''The Point''. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Bontlhopheng botlhe ka boraro ba ne ba kopela mafatshe a a amilweng ke bokgoba le bokolone phimolo dikeledi kgotsa dituelo tsa tshiamo.<ref>Savage, Rachel (11 September 2024). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/11/candidates-to-lead-commonwealth-urge-reparations-for-slavery-and-colonialism "Candidates to lead Commonwealth urge reparations for slavery and colonialism".] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Botchwey o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi o o latelang ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le borataro.<ref>[https://www.barrons.com/news/commonwealth-announces-ghana-foreign-minister-as-new-secretary-general-bd700cd7 "Commonwealth Announces Ghana Foreign Minister As New Secretary General"]. ''Barron's''. Agence France Presse. 26 October 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> == Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi == [[Setshwantsho:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa -Day 2 (54090869507).jpg|thumb|Bateledipele ba tseneletse bokopano jo bo faphegileng jwa CHOGM kwa Maota Fono]] Mo mafokong a gagwe a ntlha, Kgosi o ne a supa fa "matshosetsi a phetogo ya loapi e le kgwetlho e e tlhokang go potlakelwa".<ref name=":2">[https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/10/25/green-hydrogen-and-offshore-wind-uk-and-australia-to-collaborate-on-climate-and-energy "UK and Australia embark on new climate and energy partnership".] ''euronews''. 2024-10-25. Retrieved 07 July 2025</ref> === Kitsiso ya lewatle === Baeteledipele ba mafatshe a selekane ba ne ba tlhomamisa kitsiso ya Apia ya lewatle go nna le bokamoso jo bo nonofileng bo le nosi, e e neng e gwetlha mafatshe otlhe a selekane a a masome a matlhano le borataro go sireletsa lewatle mo dinakong tsa go ya godimo ga maetsi a lewatle, kgotlhelo le tiriso e e feteletseng. E ne e gwetlha gore melelwane ya lewatle e feletse, le fa go ya godimo ga metsi go baka gore ditlhaketlhake di nwele.<ref>[https://theprint.in/environment/commonwealth-leaders-say-sinking-nations-should-keep-their-maritime-boundaries/2329897/ "Commonwealth leaders say sinking nations should keep their maritime boundaries"]. ''The Print''. Reuters. 26 October 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Go ya ka Reuters, se se tla raya gore didirisiwa di tshwana le mafelo a go tshwara ditlhapi a tla tswelela ka go nna a setlhaketlhake le fa se ka nwela batho ba sone ba fuduga.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/king-charles-queen-camilla-leave-samoas-commonwealth-summit-2024-10-26/ "Commonwealth leaders say 'time has come' for discussion on slavery reparations".] ''Reuters''. 26 October 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Kitsiso e gape e ne e gwetlha tshireletso ya mawatle, le go busetsa tsa tikologo ya lewatle ka ngwaga wa 2030, go feleletsa tumalano ya kgotlhelo ya lefatshe ka dipolaseteke mo mafatsheng otlhe, go tlhomamisa tumalano ya ditshedi tsa mawatle a a kwa godimo, go loga maano a go emelana le seemo sa loapi mo lotshitshing lwa mawatle, le go nonotsha kemo nokeng ya itsholelo ya mawatle.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/commonwealth-nations-adopt-1st-ocean-declaration-former-british-115173285 "Commonwealth nations adopt 1st ocean declaration as former British colonies seek reparatory justice".] ''ABC News''. Associated Press. October 26, 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> === Tirisano ya Australia le Britain === Go ne ga nna le tumalano ya tirisano ya seemo sa loapi le kgothetso gareng ga mafatshe a Austalia le Britain, e maikaelelo a yone e neng e le go oketsa tlhabololo ya kgothetso ka go kopanela maranyane a tshwana le motlakase o o fetlhiwang ka metsi le wa phefo. Tonakgolo wa [[Australia]] Anthony Albanese o ne a supa fa tirisanommogo e e tla "netefatsa gore re dirisa kgonagalo ya itsholelo ntle le kgotlhelelo, le go nna le tirisanommogo mo go tsa phetogo ya loapi le maitlamo a a tlhakanetsweng a go fetlha motlakase o o sa kgotlheleng lefatshe ka ngwaga wa 2050."<ref name=":2" /> == Phimolo dikeledi ya tsa bokgoba == Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, tonakgolo wa pele wa kwa lefatsheng la Jamaica PJ Patterson, o ne a bolelela babegadikgang fa dituelo tsa bokgoba e le nngwe ya dikgang tse go a go buiwang ka tsone kwa bokopanong.<ref>[https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2024/08/04/pj-patterson-welcomes-placement-reparations-agenda-next-chogm/ "PJ Patterson welcomes placement of reparations on agenda at next CHOGM".] ''Jamaica Observer''. August 4, 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] le ne la gatelela gore ddituelo tsa bokgoba ga di mo leanong, le gore UK ga e na kakanyo epe ya go dira dituelo tsa phimolo dikeledi.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/14/slavery-reparations-not-on-agenda-at-commonwealth-summit-says-no-10 "Slavery reparations not on agenda at Commonwealth summit, saying No 10"]. ''The Guardian''. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Puso ya Britain gape e ne ya re ga go kitla go nna le kopo maitshwarelo a seabe sa Britain mo dikgannyeng tsa [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]], e e tla a dirwang kwa bokopanong. Mokwaledi wa mafatshe a sele wa Britain David Lammy wa lotso lwa Carribean o ne a supile pele kgatlhego ya go buisana ka dituelo ka ngwaga wa 2018.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0qzkg0ldqzo "No UK apology over slavery at Commonwealth summit".] ''BBC News''. 18 October 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref><ref>Torrance, David (8 July 2024). [https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9877/ "The royal prerogative and ministerial advice".] ''commonslibrary.parliament.uk''. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Mo mafokong a gagwe fa bokopano bo simolola, Kgosi o ne a bua ka kgang e are: "ka go reetsa batho mo mafatsheng a selekane, ke tlhaloganya ka fa bosetlhogo jwa ditso tsa rona bo tsweletseng ka go diragala. Go botlhokwa, ka jalo, gore re tlhaloganye ditso tsa rona, go re kaela go tsaya ditshwetso tse di siameng mo isagong." <ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/king-charles-colonialism-speech-1.7363121 "King Charles acknowledges 'painful' past amid calls for Commonwealth discussions on reparations".] ''CBC News''. October 25, 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref>Kgosi o ne a retelelwa ke go kopa maitshwarelo ka seabe sa Britain mo kgwebong ya makgoba a sa laelwa go dira jalo ke puso.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg57603d662o "Why the King can't say 'sorry' for slavery".] ''BBC News''. 25 October 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref><ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/25/asia/king-charles-commonwealth-leaders-meeting-intl/index.html "King Charles acknowledges 'painful' history amid calls for slavery reparations at Commonwealth summit"]. ''CNN''. No. October 25, 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025</ref> Kwa bofelong jwa bokopano, lekwalo le le tlhakanetsweng le ne la ntshiwa. Le ne le tlhomamisa gore mafatshe a selekane a dumalane gore nako e gorogile ya gore go nne le puisano e e nang le bokao, e e boammaruri ebile e na le tlotla mo go ageng bokamoso jo bongwe fela bo remeletse mo tekatekanong",<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/26/shirley-ayorkor-botchwey-appointed-commonwealth-secretary-general "Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey appointed Commonwealth secretary general".] ''The Guardian''. 26 October 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025</ref> le gore ba tla nna le dipuisano go bua ka tshenyo ya bokgoba, bogolo jang e e neng e dirwa mo basading le bana, "ba ba sotlegileng ka ntlha ya manokonoko a a diragetseng mo ditsong tsa setho".<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-26/uk-agrees-to-hold-talks-with-commonwealth-on-its-slavery-legacy "UK Agrees to Hold Talks With Commonwealth on Its Slavery Legacy"]. ''Bloomberg''. October 26, 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Lekwalo le ne le supa gape gore ba lemoga gore bontsi jwa mafatshe a selekane kwa mawatleng a Atlantic le Pacific "a na le ditso le maiphitlhelo a a tshwanang fa go tla mo kgwebong e e setlhogo e, go dira batho dithoto, go koafatsa le go fudusa batho mo magaeng a bone". Le ne le supa ditlamorago tse di tsweletseng tsa ditso tse le tiro ya go gapa batho mo batho ba setlhaketlhake sa lewatle la Pacific ba neng ba go itemogela kwa [[Australia]] le dikolone tse dingwe.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/26/commonwealth-heads-reparatory-justice-dialogue-despite-reluctant-uk "'Time has come': Commonwealth heads agree to reparatory justice dialogue despite reluctant UK".] ''The Guardian''. 26 October 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> == Ba ba neng ba seo == Mo boemong jwa go tsenelela bokopano, tautona wa [[Aforika Borwa]] [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] le tonakgolo wa India Narenda Modi ba ne ba tsenelela bokopano jwa BRICS jwa lesome le borataro, modulasetilo wa bone e le Vladimir Putin, bo bo neng bo tshwanetse go tsena beke yone eo kwa Kazan, Russia. Go ya ka pampiri ya dikgang ya ''The Independent'', se ke tshupo ya gore mafatshe oo mabedi a "a tlotlomatsa botsalano jwa one le mafatshe a [[China]] le Russia go na le CHOGM".<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/politics-explained/chogm-samoa-commonwealth-slavery-king-charles-brics-b2634436.html "Who is attending the Commonwealth summit and what will they talk about?".] ''The Independent''. 24 October 2023. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Mo go tlhokeng go nna teng ga ga tonakgolo Modi, setlhopha se se rometswe ke lefatshe la India kwa CHOGM ya ngwaga wa 2024 se ne se eteletswe pele ke tona wa tsa palamente Kiren Rijiju. <ref>[https://www.indiatodayne.in/national/story/kiren-rijiju-strengthens-india-samoa-ties-at-chogm-summit-advocates-for-sids-and-solar-energy-1110481-2024-10-24 "Kiren Rijiju strengthens India-Samoa ties at CHOGM summit, advocates for SIDS and solar energy".] ''India Today''. October 24, 2024. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref>Setlhopha sa Aforika Borwa se ne se eteletswe pele ke mothusa tona wa botsanalo le mafatshe a sele Thandi Moraka.<ref>Fabricius, Peter (27 October 2024). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-10-23-zimbabwes-bid-to-re-enter-commonwealth-set-to-highlight-north-south-divide/ "Zimbabwe's bid to re-enter Commonwealth set to highlight North-South divide".] ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 07 July 2025.</ref> Tonakgolo wa lefatshe la Canada Justin Trudeau le ene o ne a seo kwa bokopanong jo, ka a ne a na le kgwetlho ya boeteledipele.<ref>Graham-McLay, Charlotte; McGill, Ayaka (24 October 2024). [https://apnews.com/article/king-charles-samoa-chogm-commonwealth-britain-camilla-23e166fdddf6f8fbc4d57d7f29166e0f "Charles gets a warm welcome on his first visit as king to Samoa. But uneasy questions await"]. Associated Press. Retrieved 07 July 2025</ref> Tautona wa lefatshe la Sri Lanka Anura Kumara Dissanayake le ene o ne a sa tsenelela bokopano jo ka a ne a santse e le gone a pagamang setilo sa botautona. == Metswedi == meujoczri83o6acgseo7s8ed671jg9h 0 10733 41003 2025-07-08T06:51:24Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e #AWC2025 41003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afro-Caribbean''' kgotsa '''Batho ba letso la Aforika ba Caribbean''' ke batho ba Caribbean ba ba latedisang bagologolwane ba bone ka botlalo kgotsa ka bontlhabongwe kwa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara. Bontsi jwa batho ba segompieno ba Afro-Caribbean ba tswa mo Maaforikeng (bogolo jang go tswa kwa Afrika Bophirima le Bogare) ba ba tserweng jaaka makgoba go isiwa kwa Caribbean ya bokolone ka [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]] magareng ga lekgolo la dingwaga la bo lesome le botlhano le la bolesome le boferabongwe go ya go bereka thata mo masimong a a farologaneng a sukiri le mo malapeng a selegae. Maina a mangwe a setlhopha sa morafe a akaretsa '''Bantsho ba Caribbean''', '''Afro-''' kgotsa '''Bantsho ba Bophirima jwa India''', kgotsa '''Afro-''' kgotsa '''Bantsho ba Antillean'''. Lereo '''West Indian Creole''' le lone le dirisitswe go kaya batho ba Afro-Caribbean,<ref>Cassidy, Frederic Gomes, ed. (2009). ''Dictionary of Jamaican English'' (2. ed., digitally printed version ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-521-11840-8.</ref> mmogo le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa merafe le merafe mo kgaolong, le fa go sa ntse go na le kganetsano ka ga tiriso ya lone go kaya batho ba Afro-Caribbean ka tlhamalalo. Lereo Afro-Caribbean ga le a tlhamiwa ke batho ba Caribbean ka bobone mme le ne la dirisiwa la ntlha ke Maamerika a Yuropa kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960.<ref>Committee on Foreign Affairs, United States Congress House (1970). [https://books.google.com/books?id=yj8gAAAAMAAJ&q=Afro-+Caribbean "Hearings"]. pp. 64–69.</ref> Batho ba letso la Afro-Caribbean gompieno bontsi jwa bone ke ba letso lwa Aforika Bophirima le Aforika Bogare, mme mo godimo ga moo ba ka nna ba ditso tse dingwe, go akaretsa le lotso lwa Yuropa, China, Asia Borwa le Amerindian, ka gonne go nnile le manyalo a mantsi le dikopano mo gare ga batho ba Caribbean mo makgolong a dingwaga. Le fa bontsi jwa batho ba Afro-Caribbean gompieno ba tswelela go nna mo merafeng le mafelong a Caribbean a a buang Seesemane, Sefora le Spanish, gape go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba tswang kwa mafatsheng a mangwe go ralala lefatshe la Bophirima, segolobogolo kwa United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Fora le Netherlands. Batho ba Caribbean ke ba tumelo ya Bokeresete thata, le fa bangwe ba dirisa ditumelo tse di tswang mo Aforika kgotsa tse di kopantsweng, jaaka Santeria, Vodou le Winti. Ba le bantsi ba bua dipuo tsa Creole, Creole ya Haiti, Patois ya Jamaica, Sranantongo, Creole ya Saint Lucian, Creole ya Martinica kgotsa Papiamento. Mmogo, baagi ba kwa gae le ba diaspora ba tlhagisitse palo ya batho ba ba nnileng le tlhotlheletso e e bonalang mo merafeng ya segompieno ya Aforika, Caribbean le Bophirima; ba akaretsa balwela-dipolotiki jaaka Marcus Garvey le C. L. R. James; bakwadi le borutegi Aimé Césaire le Frantz Fanon; Moeteledipele wa sesole sa United States le moeteledipele wa puso e bong Colin Powell; batabogi jaaka Usain Bolt, Tim Duncan le David Ortiz; le diopedi Bob Marley, Nicki Minaj, Wyclef Jean, Rihanna, Vybz Kartel le modiragatsi le seopedi Jacob Anderson. == Ditso == === Makgolokgolo a dingwaga a bolesome le borataro–lesome le boferabobedi === Ka nako ya morago ga ga Columbus, ditlhopha tsa ditlhaketlhake le ditlhaketlhake tsa Caribbean e ne e le mafelo a ntlha a batho ba Afrika ba ba neng ba nna kwa dinageng tse dingwe ba neng ba gasame kwa bophirima jwa Atlantic. Ka 1492, go ne ga kwalwa gore Pedro Alonso Niño, yo e neng e le motsamai wa lewatle wa Moafrika le Mo-Spain, e ne e le ene a neng a kgweetsa sengwe sa dikepe tsa ga Columbus. O ne a boa ka 1499, mme a se ka a tlhomama. Mo masimologong a lekgolo la bo16 la dingwaga, Maaforika a mantsi a ne a simolola go tsena mo bathong ba dikoloni tsa Spain tsa Caribbean, ka dinako tse dingwe ba goroga e le banna ba ba gololesegileng ba lotso lo lo tlhakaneng kgotsa e le batlhanka ba ba neng ba dirilwe ditumalano, mme ba oketsega e le badiri le batlhanka ba ba dirilweng makgoba. Go batlega gono go go ntseng go oketsega ga badiri ba Baafrika kwa Caribbean go ne go bakilwe ke go fokotsega ga batho ba le bantsi ba Ba-Taíno le batho ba bangwe ba Naga e e bakilweng ke malwetse a masha a a tshelanwang, maemo a a botlhoko le ntwa tse di neng tsa tlisiwa ke batswakwa ba Yuropa. Mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo16 la dingwaga, kgwebo ya makgoba go tswa kwa Afrika Bophirima go ya kwa Caribbean e ne e dira dipoelo tse dintsi mo e leng gore Francis Drake le John Hawkins ba ne ba ipaakanyeditse go nna le seabe mo go thubeng dikepe mmogo le go tlola melao ya bokoloniale jwa Spain, gore ba kgone go rwala batho ba ka nna 1 500 ba ba neng ba le makgoba go tswa kwa Sierra Leone le kwa Hisp- Hisp- . Rephaboliki).[36] Mo lekgolong la bo17 le la bo18 la dingwaga, tlhabololo ya bokoloniale ya Yuropa kwa Caribbean e ne ya ikaega thata ka bokgoba jwa masimo go lema le go dira dijalo tse di nang le dipoelo tse di rekisiwang tsa ntšhi. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng di le dintsi pelenyana fela ga bokhutlo jwa lekgolo la bo18 la dingwaga, batho ba Afro-Caribbean ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba feta beng ba bone ba Yuropa thata ka palo. Mo godimo ga moo, go ne ga nna le setlhopha sa batho ba ba gololesegileng ba mmala, segolobogolo kwa ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Fora, kwa batho bangwe ba merafe e e tlhakaneng ba neng ba newa ditshwanelo gone.[37] Kwa Saint-Domingue, batho ba ba gololesegileng ba mmala le makgoba ba ne ba tsuologela maemo a a makgwakgwa, le ntwa e e sa kgaotseng ya magareng ga dipuso. Ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke maikutlo a phetogo ya Fora a a neng a bolela gore batho botlhe ba gololesegile e bile ba a lekana, Toussaint L’Ouverture le Jean Jacques Dessalines ba ne ba etelela pele Phetogo ya Haiti. Fa e ne e ipusa ka 1804, Haiti e ne ya nna repaboliki ya ntlha ya Afro-Caribbean mo Hemisefereng ya Bophirima le naga ya ntlha e e neng e gololesegile mo bokgobeng (le fa e ne e se mo tirong e e patelediwang)[38] mme e busiwa ke batho ba e seng basweu le batshwarwa ba pele.[39] === Makgolokgolo a dingwaga a bolesome le boferabongwe–masome mabedi === Ka 1804, Haiti, e e neng e na le batho ba le bantsi thata ba Baafrika le boeteledipele jwa yone, e ne ya nna setšhaba sa bobedi kwa Amerika go bona boipuso go tswa mo pusong ya Yuropa. Mo lekgolong la bo19 la dingwaga, makhubu a a tswelelang a botsuolodi, a a tshwanang le Ntwa ya Baptist, e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Sam Sharpe kwa Jamaica, a ne a dira gore go nne le maemo a go fedisa bokgoba mo kgaolong eo ka go oketsega ke dinaga tse di farologaneng tsa bokoloniale. Great Britain e ne ya fedisa bokgoba mo dinageng tsa yone ka 1834. Cuba e ne e le setlhaketlhake sa bofelo go gololwa, fa Spain e ne e fedisa bokgoba mo dikoloning tsa yone. Mo lekgolong la bo20 la dingwaga, batho ba Afro-Caribbean, ba e neng e le bontsi mo merafeng e le mentsi ya Caribbean, ba ne ba simolola go tlhomamisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa setso, tsa ikonomi le tsa sepolotiki ka maatla a magolo mo seraleng sa lefatshe. Marcus Garvey o ne a le gareng ga bafaladi ba le bantsi ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba ba neng ba tla kwa United States go tswa kwa Jamaica, a atolosa mokgatlho wa gagwe wa UNIA kwa New York City le kwa U.S.[40] Batho ba Aforika-Karibbean, jaaka Claude McKay le Eric D. Walrond, ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso mo Tsosolosong ya Harlem jaaka bataki le bakwadi. Aimé Césaire o ne a tlhama mokgatlho wa batho ba ba neng ba le kwa tlase.[44] Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1960, mafelo a West Indian a ne a newa boipuso jwa one jwa sepolotiki go tswa mo pusong ya bokoloniale ya Borithane. Ba ne ba le kwa pele mo go tlhameng mefuta e mešwa ya setso jaaka mmino wa reggae, calypso le Rastafari mo teng ga Caribbean. Ka kwa ga kgaolo, batho ba ba tlhabologang ba ba tswang kwa dinageng tse dingwe ba Aforika-Caribbean kwa United States, go akaretsa le batho ba ba jaaka Stokely Carmichael le DJ Kool Herc, ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso mo go tlhabololeng mokgatlho wa Black Power wa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 le mokgatlho wa hip-hop wa dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Batho ba Aforika-Caribbean le bona ba nnile le seabe mo ditlhabololong tsa setso kwa Yuropa, jaaka go supilwe ke borateori ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso jaaka Frantz Fanon[45] le Stuart Hall.[46] == Batho ba ba itsegeng == === Sepolotiki === * Rre Grantley Adams – Barbados, ledipolotiki le mmueledi; Tonakgolo ya ntlha e bile e le ene fela wa Mokgatlho wa West Indies (1958–1962) * Marcos Evangelista Adón – lepolotiki le molwelakgololesego wa Rephaboliki ya Dominican * Jean-Bertrand Aristide – lepolotiki, moruti le tlhogo ya lefatshe, kwa Haiti * Dean Barrow – tlhogo ya puso, kwa Belize * Mobishopo Maurice – Grenada, moeteledipele wa phetogo * Paul Bogle – Jamaica, molweladitshwanelo tsa dipolotiki * Ertha Pascal Trouillot – Haiti, tautona wa ntlha wa mosadi wa Montsho mo lefatsheng, mmueledi * Juan Almeida Bosque – Mofetodi wa Cuba le lepolotiki * Dutty Boukman – Molwelakgololesego wa kwa Haiti * Forbes Burnham – Guyana, tlhogo ya puso * Bussa – Barbados, molwelakgololesego * Stokely Carmichael – Yo o tsholetsweng kwa Trinidad, molweladitshwanelo tsa baagi le moeteledipele kwa US * Mary Eugenia Charles – Tlhogo ya puso ya kwa Dominican * Perry Christie – Mo-Bahamas, ledipolotiki le mmueledi * Henri Christophe – Haiti, mofetodi, ramasole le tlhogo ya lefatshe * David Clarke (molaodi) – Barbudan, Molaodi wa nako e e fetileng wa Milwaukee * John Compton – Saint Lucia, lepolotiki le mmueledi * Paris Dennard – Grenada, motshwaedi wa pele wa sepolotiki wa CNN * Jean-Jacques Dessalines – Haiti (e e ka nnang 1804), mofetodi, ramasole le tlhogo ya ntlha ya lefatshe la Haiti e e ikemetseng * Papa Doc Duvalier – mmusaesi wa Haiti, lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga * Marcus Garvey – lepolotiki le mokwadi wa Jamaica, mothei wa UNIA le yo o neng a le matlhagatlhaga mo dipolotiking tsa Amerika go tloga ka 1916 go ya go 1927 * Philip Goldson – Belize, lepolotiki * Kamala Devi Harris – wa lotso lwa Jamaica, Moamerika wa ntlha wa Moaforika, Moamerika wa ntlha wa Moasia, le Mothusa tautona wa ntlha wa mosadi wa United States * Louis Farrakhan – letso la Jamaica le la St. Kitts, moeteledipele wa bodumedi, Tlhogo ya Setshaba sa Islam, U.S.A. * Ulises Heureaux – Tautona wa Rephaboliki ya Dominican le moeteledipele wa sesole * Sam Hinds – Guyana, tlhogo ya puso * Hubert Ingraham – Mo-Bahamas, lepolotiki le mmueledi * Toussaint L’Ouverture – Haiti, mofetodi, mramasole le mmusi * Joseph Robert Love – Yo o tsholetsweng kwa Bahamas, ngaka ya kalafi; lepolotiki le molweladipolotiki wa kwa Jamaica yo o neng a tlhotlheletsa Marcus Garvey * Gregorio Luperón – Rephaboliki ya Dominican, mofetodi, ramasole le mtautona * Antonio Maceo Grajales – mofetodi wa Cuba le ramasole * Michael Manley – Jamaica, lepolotiki * Jon Miller – Montserrat, Tlhatlhobo ya Botlhokwa, Moagasi wa BlazeTV * Nanny of the Maroons – Jamaica, molwelakgololesego * Jeanne Odo – Haiti, mofedisi wa bokgoba * Candace Owens – Moagi wa Setlhaketlhake sa Virgin sa Borithane, Motlhami wa Radio ya PragerU le Blexit * Wendy Phipps (yo o tshotsweng ka 1967) ke lepolotiki le mmakgwebo wa kwa Kitt's.<ref>[https://mof.gov.kn/the-hon-wendy-phipps/ "The Hon. Wendy Phipps"]. Ministry of Finance [St Kitts and Nevis]. 5 February 2019. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2025.</ref> * Lynden Pindling – lepolotiki la Bahamas, le Tonakgolo ya ntlha ya Bahamas * José Joaquín Puello – mofetodi wa Repaboliki ya Dominican, tona ya puso le molweladitshwanelo * Samuel Jackman Prescod – Barbados, lepolotiki la ntlha le le tlhophilweng la mo Afro-Caribbean mo Ntlong ya Kokoano * Francisco del Rosario Sanchez – Rephaboliki ya Dominican, mofetodi le ledipolotiki * Sam Sharpe – Jamaica, molwelakgololesego * Solitude – Guadeloupe, molwelakgololesego * Eric Eustace Williams – lepolotiki la Trinidad and Tobago, mokwadi le tlhogo ya puso * Shirley Chisholm – wa letso lwa Guyana le Bajan, mosadi wa ntlha wa montsho yo o tlhophilweng mo Congress ya Amerika, ntlhopheng wa ntlha wa tautona wa lekoko le legolo la Amerika la montsho * Colin Powell – wa letso la Jamaica, Ramasole wa Amerika, Modulasetulo wa Ditlhogo tsa Badiri ba ba Kopanetsweng == Metswedi == re8fhfip6sr8c0auwp0o8hidpkpk3hp 0 10734 41005 2025-07-08T07:46:32Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya "Rei Amador" 41005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sao Tome King Amador Statue (15626534084).jpg|thumb|Sefikantswe sa ga King Amador kwa Sao Tome]] '''Amador Vieira''', o itsegeng thata ka '''Rei Amador,''' e ne e le leloko la kgosi ya ba morafe wa Angolar ebile e le moeteledipele wa tsuologo ya batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba e e tumileng thata e e diragetseng kwa setlhaketlhakeng sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa [[São Tomé and Príncipe|Sao Tome and Principe]] ka ngwaga wa 1595. Go ya ka mekwalo mengwe ya ditso, Rei Amador o ne a dirilwe lekgoba, mme o ne a leka bojotlhe go tila bokgoba, a phutha ba batho botlhe mo marafe wa Angolar ga mmogo le ma Aforika a mangwe a dira morafe o o ikemetseng o o gololesegileng mo ditlhaketlhakeng tseo.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100124063614/http://www.gradakilomba.com/Essays.htm Rei Amador.]</ref> == Ditso tsa batho ba Angolar kwa Sao Tome and Principe == Ditso tsa batho ba Angolar kwa Sao Tome and Principe di remeletse mo letsholong la maikaelelo le go ikemela mo go neng go dirwa ke Rei Amador.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba Angolar ba ne ba nna kwa borwa ja setlhaketlhake sa Sao Tome. Gore ba simolotse jang go nna kwa setlhaketlhakeng seo ke ngangisano ya ditso; go na le ditlhaloso di le tharo tse di phadisanang. Tlhaloso ya ntlha ya lotso lwa batho ba Angolar ba Sao Tome ke gore ba ne ba falola go phatloga ga sekepe kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa Sao Tome, fa ba isiwa go nna makgoba,<ref name=":0" /> ba ne ba tsamaya mo lotshitshing mme ba simolola merafe ya bone. Tlhaloso ya bobedi, ke gore batho ba Angolar ke makgoba a pele a a neng a tsuologa, a tshaba a bo a iphitlhela beng ba bone - morago ga go isiwa kwa Sao Tome. Makgoba a pele a ne a aga metse mo setlhaketlhakeng. Metse e e e ne e bidiwa ''Kilombo''. Ka puo ya ''Kilombo,'' e e leng nngwe ya dipuo tse di buiwang thata kwa lefatsheng la [[Angola]], lefoko kilombo le ne le raya kampa ya ntwa, mme morago ga go adima puo mo sepotokising go nna quilombo, le ne la akaretsa ditlhaloso tse dingwe jaaka go kampa, go thibelela, botshabelo, motse le setšhaba. Dikilombo tse di ne di dirwa mo mafelong a a leng dikgwa, kgakala le dipolasi.<ref name=":0" /> Nako tse dingwe leina la kilombo le dirisiwa go raya dikilombo di le dintsi le makgoba a pele, e le bokopano jwa mafatshe a a ikemetseng, a eteletswe pele ke Rei Amador. Tlhaloso ya boraro e supa fa batho ba Angolar ba fudugile go tswa kwa bonnong jwa Aforika go ysa setlhaketlhakeng sa Sao Tome and Principe, pele ga kgorogo ya batho ba Portugal mo ditlhaketlhakeng. == Tsuologo ya bokgoba == Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e ferabongwe ngwaga wa 1595, Rei Amador le batho ba gagwe, ba Angolar, ba ne ba itsalanya le ma Aforika a mangwe a a neng a dirilwe makgoba kwa dipolasing, ba ne ba gwantela kwa dikgweng tse di kwa teng ba lwantsa batho ba lotso lwa Portuguese. Go bolelwa gore letsatsi leo, Rei Amador le balatedi ba gagwe ba ne ba fofisa folaga fa pele ga banni ba koo, ba bolela fa Rei Amador e le ene kgosi ya Sao Tome and Principe, a ipitsa Rei Amador, mogolodi wa batho bantsho botlhe.<ref name=":0" /> Ka dingwaga tsa 1595 go tsena 1596, setlhaketlhake sa Sao Tome se ne sa etelelwa pele ke batho ba Angolar, ka puso ya ga Rei Amador. Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 1596, o ne a tshwarwa, a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong, mme morago a atlholwa ka go bolawa ke batho ba lotso lwa Portuguese. Le gompieno ba mo gakologelwa ka lorato, ebile ba mo supa e le mogaka wa setlhaketlhake.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Lemos, Carlos Neves (1975). ''Esboço Histórico das Ilhas de S.Tomé e Príncipe'' [''Brief History of the Islands of São Tomé and Príncipe''] (in Portuguese). São Tomé: Imprensa Nacional.</ref> == Boswa == * Kwa Sao Tome and Principe, letsatsi la Firkgong a le malatsi a mane le ne la dirwa letsatsi la boitapoloso go mo tlotla, le ipeletswe lantlha ka ngwaga wa 2005.<ref>''[http://culturastp.blogspot.com/2005/05/verdadeira-origem-do-clebre-rei-amador.html A Verdadeira Origem do Célebre Rei Amador]'' Gerhard Seibert of Espaço Cultural STP (in Portuguese)</ref> * Setlhopha sa bolo se se itsegeng ka UDRA se biditswe ka ene. * Rei Amador o ne a supiwa mo leding la pampiri la dikete tlhano tsa madi a dobras. Madi a dipampiri otlhe a ne a na le senepe sa gagwe go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 2017.<ref>Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Sao Tome and Principe". ''[https://www.greysheet.com/publications/the-banknote-book-world-paper-money The Banknote Book]''. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.</ref> Ke tlhamo e e neng e dirilwe ke motaki Pinaso Pina ka go sena dinepe tsa boammaruri tsa ga Rei Amador. Rei Amador o ne a tlhaga gape mo mading a dipampiri a kwa [[Cape Verde]]. * Ka ngwaga wa 2004 ka ngwaga wa ntwa kgatlhanong le bokgoba le kemiso ya bone, mokwaledi mogolo wa United Nations Kofi Annan o ne a dira sefikantswe sa ga Rei Amador kwa Sao Tome and Principe. == Metswedi == 99fqvwbayhc67gi9ks6m2kqrnz8wf7f 41006 41005 2025-07-08T07:50:31Z JudithShe 9421 Ke tsentse tempoleiti ya ga Rei Amador 41006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Rei Amador|birth_place=Setlhaketlhake sa Sao Tome|death_date=1596|death_place=Setlhaketlhake sa Sao Tome|occupation=Motho o a neng a tsuologa ka a ne a dirilwe lekgoba|image=Sao Tome King Amador Statue (15626534084).jpg|image caption=Sefikantswe sa ga Kgosi Amador wa kwa Sao Tome}} '''Amador Vieira''', o itsegeng thata ka '''Rei Amador,''' e ne e le leloko la kgosi ya ba morafe wa Angolar ebile e le moeteledipele wa tsuologo ya batho ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba e e tumileng thata e e diragetseng kwa setlhaketlhakeng sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa [[São Tomé and Príncipe|Sao Tome and Principe]] ka ngwaga wa 1595. Go ya ka mekwalo mengwe ya ditso, Rei Amador o ne a dirilwe lekgoba, mme o ne a leka bojotlhe go tila bokgoba, a phutha ba batho botlhe mo marafe wa Angolar ga mmogo le ma Aforika a mangwe a dira morafe o o ikemetseng o o gololesegileng mo ditlhaketlhakeng tseo.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100124063614/http://www.gradakilomba.com/Essays.htm Rei Amador.]</ref> == Ditso tsa batho ba Angolar kwa Sao Tome and Principe == Ditso tsa batho ba Angolar kwa Sao Tome and Principe di remeletse mo letsholong la maikaelelo le go ikemela mo go neng go dirwa ke Rei Amador.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba Angolar ba ne ba nna kwa borwa ja setlhaketlhake sa Sao Tome. Gore ba simolotse jang go nna kwa setlhaketlhakeng seo ke ngangisano ya ditso; go na le ditlhaloso di le tharo tse di phadisanang. Tlhaloso ya ntlha ya lotso lwa batho ba Angolar ba Sao Tome ke gore ba ne ba falola go phatloga ga sekepe kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa Sao Tome, fa ba isiwa go nna makgoba,<ref name=":0" /> ba ne ba tsamaya mo lotshitshing mme ba simolola merafe ya bone. Tlhaloso ya bobedi, ke gore batho ba Angolar ke makgoba a pele a a neng a tsuologa, a tshaba a bo a iphitlhela beng ba bone - morago ga go isiwa kwa Sao Tome. Makgoba a pele a ne a aga metse mo setlhaketlhakeng. Metse e e e ne e bidiwa ''Kilombo''. Ka puo ya ''Kilombo,'' e e leng nngwe ya dipuo tse di buiwang thata kwa lefatsheng la [[Angola]], lefoko kilombo le ne le raya kampa ya ntwa, mme morago ga go adima puo mo sepotokising go nna quilombo, le ne la akaretsa ditlhaloso tse dingwe jaaka go kampa, go thibelela, botshabelo, motse le setšhaba. Dikilombo tse di ne di dirwa mo mafelong a a leng dikgwa, kgakala le dipolasi.<ref name=":0" /> Nako tse dingwe leina la kilombo le dirisiwa go raya dikilombo di le dintsi le makgoba a pele, e le bokopano jwa mafatshe a a ikemetseng, a eteletswe pele ke Rei Amador. Tlhaloso ya boraro e supa fa batho ba Angolar ba fudugile go tswa kwa bonnong jwa Aforika go ysa setlhaketlhakeng sa Sao Tome and Principe, pele ga kgorogo ya batho ba Portugal mo ditlhaketlhakeng. == Tsuologo ya bokgoba == Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e ferabongwe ngwaga wa 1595, Rei Amador le batho ba gagwe, ba Angolar, ba ne ba itsalanya le ma Aforika a mangwe a a neng a dirilwe makgoba kwa dipolasing, ba ne ba gwantela kwa dikgweng tse di kwa teng ba lwantsa batho ba lotso lwa Portuguese. Go bolelwa gore letsatsi leo, Rei Amador le balatedi ba gagwe ba ne ba fofisa folaga fa pele ga banni ba koo, ba bolela fa Rei Amador e le ene kgosi ya Sao Tome and Principe, a ipitsa Rei Amador, mogolodi wa batho bantsho botlhe.<ref name=":0" /> Ka dingwaga tsa 1595 go tsena 1596, setlhaketlhake sa Sao Tome se ne sa etelelwa pele ke batho ba Angolar, ka puso ya ga Rei Amador. Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 1596, o ne a tshwarwa, a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong, mme morago a atlholwa ka go bolawa ke batho ba lotso lwa Portuguese. Le gompieno ba mo gakologelwa ka lorato, ebile ba mo supa e le mogaka wa setlhaketlhake.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Lemos, Carlos Neves (1975). ''Esboço Histórico das Ilhas de S.Tomé e Príncipe'' [''Brief History of the Islands of São Tomé and Príncipe''] (in Portuguese). São Tomé: Imprensa Nacional.</ref> == Boswa == * Kwa Sao Tome and Principe, letsatsi la Firkgong a le malatsi a mane le ne la dirwa letsatsi la boitapoloso go mo tlotla, le ipeletswe lantlha ka ngwaga wa 2005.<ref>''[http://culturastp.blogspot.com/2005/05/verdadeira-origem-do-clebre-rei-amador.html A Verdadeira Origem do Célebre Rei Amador]'' Gerhard Seibert of Espaço Cultural STP (in Portuguese)</ref> * Setlhopha sa bolo se se itsegeng ka UDRA se biditswe ka ene. * Rei Amador o ne a supiwa mo leding la pampiri la dikete tlhano tsa madi a dobras. Madi a dipampiri otlhe a ne a na le senepe sa gagwe go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 2017.<ref>Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Sao Tome and Principe". ''[https://www.greysheet.com/publications/the-banknote-book-world-paper-money The Banknote Book]''. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.</ref> Ke tlhamo e e neng e dirilwe ke motaki Pinaso Pina ka go sena dinepe tsa boammaruri tsa ga Rei Amador. Rei Amador o ne a tlhaga gape mo mading a dipampiri a kwa [[Cape Verde]]. * Ka ngwaga wa 2004 ka ngwaga wa ntwa kgatlhanong le bokgoba le kemiso ya bone, mokwaledi mogolo wa United Nations Kofi Annan o ne a dira sefikantswe sa ga Rei Amador kwa Sao Tome and Principe. == Metswedi == 9dxlql6z7bfdxwcfe1rmhanlbp7tkog