Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1020 49669 49652 2026-04-29T16:33:15Z ~2026-25970-94 12702 Bosetšhaba 49669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Featured article}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Botswana | common_name = Botswana | native_name = Lefatshe ja Botswana ([[Setswana]])<br/>Republic of Botswana ([[Sekgoa]]) | image_flag = Flag of Botswana.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Botswana.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|tn|Pula|paren=no}}<br /> | national_anthem = {{native phrase|tn|[[Fatshe leno la rona]]|paren=no}}<br />{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Fatshe leno la rona.ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File: Botswana (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Botswana AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}} | map_caption = | capital = [[Gaborone]] | coordinates = {{Coord|24|39.5|S|25|54.5|E|type:city|display=inline}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Sekgoa]]<ref name="gov.bw languages">{{Cite web |title=About Our Country |url=https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Gov.bw |quote=Botswana has a number of tribes across the country, collectively known as Batswana. The official language is English and Setswana is the national language, although there are other spoken languages.}}</ref> | languages_type = Diteme Bosetšhaba | languages = [[Setswana]]<ref name="gov.bw languages" /> | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|79% [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] |9% [[Batho ba letso la Kalanga|Kalanga]] |3% [[Basarwa|Barwa]] |9% Ba bangwe {{small|(go akaretsa [[Kgalagadi language|Bakgalagadi]], [[Indians in Botswana|Makula]], le [[White people in Botswana|Makgoa]])}}}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2012 | religion = {{Unbulleted list|73% [[Christianity in Botswana|Sekerêsete]] |—66% [[Protestantism]] |—7% Other [[Christian]] |20% [[Irreligion in Botswana|Basenatumelo]] |6% [[African traditional religion|Traditional faiths]] |1% Tsê dingwe{{efn|Including [[Baháʼí Faith in Botswana|Baháʼí]], [[Hinduism in Botswana|Hindu]], and [[Islam in Botswana|Seinêêdi]].<ref name=pew/>}}}} | demonym = {{Unbulleted list|Batswana |Motswana }} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[List of countries by system of government#Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=17 December 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Selolwane |first1=Onalenna |title=Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance |journal=African Sociological Review |date=2002 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=68–90 |doi=10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203 |jstor=24487673 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] | leader_name1 = [[Duma Boko]] | leader_title2 = [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa Tautona]] | leader_name2 = [[Ndaba Gaolathe]] | leader_title3 = [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]] | leader_name3 = [[Dithapelo Keorapetse]] | legislature = [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Khudutlhamaga]] | sovereignty_type = Boipuso | sovereignty_note = from the [[Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng]] | established_event1 = Established ([[Molaomotheo wa Botswana|Molaomotheo]]) | established_date1 = 30 Lwêtse 1966 | area_km2 = 581,730 | area_rank = 47th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 224,610 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | area_footnote = <ref>{{cite report|url = http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf | publisher = United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization | website = fao.org | title = Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana | page = 9 | date = 2015 | quote = Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173 }}</ref><!-- 58,173,000 hectares is 581,730 km2 --> | percent_water = 2.7 | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Botswana}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = 2,346,179<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistics Botswana |date=May 2022 |title=2022 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS PRELIMINARY RESULTS V2 |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/census_documents/2022%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Preliminary%20Results.pdf |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=Statistics Botswana}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 145th | population_census_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 4.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 10.62 | population_density_rank = 231st | GDP_PPP = $43.474 billion<ref name="imf2021gdp">{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2021/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 120 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,287<ref name=imf2021gdp/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 99 | GDP_nominal = $16.948 billion<ref name=imf2021gdp/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 120 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,519<ref name="imf2019gdp">{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 101 | Gini = 53.3 | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="WBgini">{{cite web |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |access-date= 20 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213083923/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |archive-date= 13 December 2017 |url-status= live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.735<!--number only, between 0 and 1--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 100th | currency = [[Botswana pula|Pula]] | currency_code = BWP | time_zone = [[Central Africa Time]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|last=Chapter: 01:04|title=Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))|date=20 July 1984|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|url-status=dead}}</ref> | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = yyyy-mm-dd<br />dd/mm/yyyy^a | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+267]] | cctld = [[.bw]] | official_website = [http://www.gov.bw/ http://www.gov.bw/] | footnote_a = }} Lefatshe la '''Botswana''' le kwa borwa jwa [[Aforika]], ke lefatshe le le dikaganyeditsweng ke a mangwe, ka jalo ga le a bapa le lewatle. Botswana e sephaphathi go ya ka lefatshe, ka bokana ka 70% ya kgaolo ya yone e le karolo ya [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Pele ga le tsaya boipusô ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhôla malatsi ale masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966 ko go ''Enyelane,'' le ne le bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]]. Lefatshe la Botswana le dikaganyeditswe ke la [[Aforika Borwa]] kwa borwa-botlhaba go fitlha kwa borwa-bophirima, [[Namibia]] kwa bophirima, [[Zambia]] kwa bokône le [[Zimbabwe]] kwa bokône-botlhaba. Ka palo ya batho e sa fetang didikadike di le 2.4 go sekae,e bile le ka lekanngwa le lefatshe le Fora ka bophara, Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a a nang le batho ba le mmalwa thata mo lefatsheng.Ke puso-setšhaba ya batho ba Batswana, ba ba bopang mo e ka nnang 80% ya baagi. Lefatshe lê lê bidiwa Botswana, le rêêlelwa ka banni ba bantsi ba lône eleng Batswana ka letsô. Setlhopha sa morafe wa BaTswana se tswa thata mo [[bathong ba ba buang Se-Bantu]] ba ba neng [[ba fudugela kwa borwa jwa Aforika]], go akaretsa le Botswana wa segompieno, ka makhubu a le mmalwa pele ga [[AD]] 600. Ka 1885, [[Maesemane]] a ne a dira lefelo leno kolone mme a itsise gore ke lefelo le le sirelediwang le le bidiwang [[Bechuanaland]]. Jaaka karolo ya [[go tlosa bokolone mo Aforika]], Bechuanaland e ne ya nna [[rephaboliki e e ikemetseng ya Mafatshe a Selekane]] ka fa tlase ga leina la yone la ga jaana ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ka 1966. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, e nnile [[rephaboliki ya palamente]] e e nang le rekoto e e tlhomameng ya [[Ditlhopho mo Botswana|ditlhopho]] tsa batho ka batho tse di sa kgaotseng, le fa e ne di sekametse ka fa go [[Botswana Democratic Party]] go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|2024]]. E sale ka 2024, Botswana ke lone lefatshe le tshenyetso setshaba e leng kwa tlase mo go lone mo nagengkgolo ya Aforika go ya ka [[Corruptions Perceptions Index]] e e gatisitsweng ke [[Transparency International]]. Itsholelo ya Botswana ka kakaretso e itemogetse kgolo e e tsepameng fa e sale e tsaya boipuso. E laolwa ke [[Bojanala jwa lefatshe la Botswana|bojanala]] le [[meepo]]; Lefatshe la Botswana le ntsha diteemane tse dintsi go gaisa mafatshe ape fela. [[Letseno lotlhe lwa yone lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo]] ([[tekatekano ya maatla a go reka]]) lo lo ka nnang $20,158 go tloga ka 2024 (ka diphopholetso dingwe ke lwa bone ka bogolo mo Aforika) lo naya lefatshe leno [[maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo]] le [[Human Development Index]] ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya kontinente ya [[Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]], morago ga Aforika Borwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Botswana o tsweletse ka go lwantshana le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa letlhoko la ditiro. Lefatshe la Botswana ke leloko la Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Development Community, Mafatshe a Selekane le Lekgotla la Ditshaba. Pina ya setshaba ya Botswana ke [[fatshe leno la rona|fatshe lêno la rona]], ê e tlhamilwêng ke [[Rre K T Motsete]]. Madi a a dirisiwang kwa Botswana ke [[Pula]]. Botswana ke lefatshe lê lê farologanyeng le mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika. Morago ga pusô ya Enyelane, Botswana o ne a tsaya boipusô ka di-30 tsa Lwetse 1966. Morago ga boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne la dirisanya mmôgô le pusô ya Enyelane go itlhabolola. Babusi ba Botswana ka nakô êo ba ne ba leka ka bojotlhê go ntsha Botswana mo tlalêng. Tomokoraga e nê ya busa lefatshe jêno e êtêlêtswe pele ke Serêtsê Khama, tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana. Gompiêno Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a tlhabologang ka bofêfo mô lefatshing ka bophara. Ntswa mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika a tshwênngwa ke tlala le tsê dingwe jaaka dintwa le tsiêtsôsetshaba, Botswana e sa e kgôna go fênya mmaba mô e bileng e bilêng sekai mo Aforika. == Tlhamo ya lefoko == Leina la lefatshe le le kaya "Lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Motswana]]", go kaya morafe o o leng montsi mo Botswana.<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230221181327/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana "Botswana"]. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2025 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20251117191406/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2007.zip Archived 2007 edition].)</ref> Molaomotheo wa Botswana o amogela puso ya Tswana e e tshwanang.<ref>Monaka, Kemmonye Collete; Chebanne, Anderson Monthusi (2019). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26907070 "Setswana and the Building of a Nation State"]. ''Anthropological Linguistics''. '''61''' (1): 75–93. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 26907070. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Leina la [[demonym]] la ''Batswana'' le ne le dirisiwa mo Batswaneng kwa tshimologong,<ref>Bolaane, Maitseo; Mgadla, Part Themba (1997). ''[[iarchive:batswana00bola|Batswana]]''. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 9780823920082.</ref> mme gape le simolotse go dirisiwa ka kakaretso jaaka lereo la baagi botlhe ba Botswana.<ref>[http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/ "Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa"]. Voices of Africa. 17 August 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180106231817/http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/ Archived] from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Setswana, ''Batswana'' ka thutapuo ke bontsi; sebopego sa yone sa bongwe, se se ka rayang leloko le le lengwe la Motswana kgotsa moagi a le mongwe fela wa Botswana, ke ''Motswana''. == Ditso == === Pele ga ditso === Go fopholediwa gore di-hominid di ne di nna mo Botswana ka nako ya [[Pleistocene]].<ref>Pickford, Martin; Mein, Pierre; Senut, Brigitte (1 April 1994). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00382353_5386 "Fossiliferous Neogene karst fillings in Angola, Botswana and Namibia"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''90''' (4): 227–230. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA00382353_5386|10520/AJA00382353_5386]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240417201733/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00382353_5386 Archived] from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Didiriswa tsa matlapa le masalela a diphologolo di supa gore mafelo otlhe a lefatshe a ne a agilwe bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Mgadla, Part Themba (2008). ''Historical dictionary of Botswana''. Historical dictionaries of Africa (4th ed.). Lanham (Md.): the Scarecrow press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8108-5467-3.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Two Rhino.jpg|left|thumb|215x215px|Setshwantsho sa 'Ditshukudu Tse Pedi' kwa [[Tsodilo]], [[lefelo la UNESCO la ditso]]]] Go ne go bolelwa fa e le lefelo la botsalo jwa batho botlhe ba segompieno go tswa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng.<ref>Chan, Eva KF; [[:en:Axel_Timmermann|Timmermann, Axel]]; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 October 2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1 "Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations"]. ''Nature''. '''575''' (7781). Nature Research: 185–189. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..185C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1. <nowiki>PMID 31659339</nowiki>. S2CID 204946938. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50210701 "Origin of modern humans 'traced to Botswana'"]. [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 28 October 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240415020902/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50210701 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/29/ancestral-homeland-of-modern-humans-in-botswana-study-finds "Ancestral homeland of modern humans in Botswana, study finds"]. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Bosupi jo bo tlogetsweng ke batho ba segompieno, jaaka ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng, bo na le dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le boraro.<ref>Staurset, S.; Coulson, S. (2014). "Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa". ''Journal of Human Evolution''. '''75''': 153–165. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JHumE..75..153S 2014JHumE..75..153S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006|10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24953669 24953669].</ref> Baagi ba ntlha ba ba itsegeng ba borwa jwa Aforika go akanngwa gore e ne e le bagolwagolwane ba batho ba gompieno ba [[San]] ("Bushmen") le ba [[Khoi]]. Ditlhopha tseno ka bobedi di bua [[dipuo tsa click]] go tswa mo malwapeng a mannye a dipuo tsa [[Khoe-Kwadi]], [[Kx’a]] le [[Tuu]] tse maloko a tsone a neng a tsoma, a phutha le go gweba mo dikgaolong tse di telele. Fa dikgomo di ne di tsenngwa la ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse padi tse di fetileng, bodisa bo ne jwa nna karolo e kgolo ya itsholelo ka kgaolo e ne e na le mabala a magolo a bojang a a senang [[dintsi tsa tsetse]].<ref>Wilmsen, Edwin N. (1992). ''Land filled with flies: a political economy of the Kalahari'' (2nd pr ed.). Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. pp. 71–5. ISBN 978-0-226-90015-5.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Domboshaba stone wall 3.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Lebota la matlapa la Domboshaba la boraro]] [[Setshwantsho:The plate that was used in the past at Domboshaba monument.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Sejana se se neng se dirisiwa mo nakong e e fetileng kwa sefikantsweng sa Domboshaba. Dijana tse di ne di dirilwe ka maje.]] Ga go tlhaloganyesege gore [[batho ba ba buang Se-Bantu]] ba ne ba fudugela leng la ntlha mo nageng go tswa kwa bokone, le fa AD 600 e lebega e le phopholetso ya tumalano. Mo motlheng oo, bagolwagolwane ba Kalanga ya segompieno ba ne ba fudugela kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe. Ba-proto-Kalanga bano ba ne ba golagantswe thata le dinaga kwa Zimbabwe gammogo le kgaolo ya Mapungubwe. Masalela a le mangwe a a tlhomologileng a paka e ke marope a [[Domboshaba]], lefelo la setso le boswa mo Botswana le le neng la nna mo go lone kwa tshimologong go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa paka e Kgolo ya Zimbabwe (1250–1450), ka mabota a matlapa a a nang le bogodimo jo bo magareng jwa dimitara di le 1.8. Lefelo le ke lefelo le le tlotliwang ke batho ba ba nnang mo kgaolong eo, mme go dumelwa fa kgosi e ne e nna kwa godimo ga thaba le bathusi kgotsa bathusi ba gagwe. Mafelo ano, a a leng kwa ntle ga melelwane ya Botswana ya ga jaana, go lebega a ne a na le metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo—go lebega e le ka dipalo tse di atamelang kitlano ya dikgomo tsa segompieno—mo lefelong le jaanong e leng Kgaolo ya Legare.<ref>Denbow, James (1986). "A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari". ''The Journal of African History''. '''27''' (1): 15. doi:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700029170|10.1017/S0021853700029170]]. JSTOR 181334. S2CID 163079138</ref> Moago ono o mogolo wa go rua dikgomo o ne wa atlega go fitlha ka 1300 mme go lebega o ne wa boela morago morago ga go phutlhama ga Mapungubwe. Mo pakeng eo, ditlhopha tsa ntlha tse di buang Setswana, [[Bakgalagadi]], di ne tsa fudugela kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa borwa jwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|Kalahari]]. Batho ba ba farologaneng bao ba ne ba golagantswe le ditsela tsa kgwebo tse di neng di feta ka [[Noka ya Limpopo]] go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. Dithoto tsa kgwebo go tswa kwa Asia jaaka dibaga di ne tsa tsena mo Botswana, go ka direga thata gore di ne di ananngwa ka lenaka la tlou, gauta le [[lenaka la tshukudu]].<ref>Denbow, James; Klehm, Carla; Dussubieux, Laure (April 2015). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/glass-beads-of-kaitshaa-and-early-indian-ocean-trade-into-the-far-interior-of-southern-africa/9BB659F4DA38A560EF64C4E8E3F49AFA "The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far hinterland of southern Africa"]. ''Antiquity''. '''89''' (344): 361–377. doi:10.15184/aqy.2014.50. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 161212483. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Matlha a radio-carbon a bonno jwa [[Thaba ya Toutswemogala]] Iron Age a simolola ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa bo lesome le boferabongwe, se se supang gore go ne go nniwa mo go one dingwaga di feta sekete.<ref name=":0">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1340/ "Toutswemogala Hill Iron Age Settlement"]. [[:en:UNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre|UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Thaba e ne e le karolo ya go tlhamiwa ga mafatshe a ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika, ka dikgomo jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa itsholelo.<ref name=":0" /> Bonno jwa Toutswe bo akaretsa bodilo jwa matlo, dithotobolo tse dikgolo tsa boloko jwa kgomo jo bo dirilweng ka galase, le diphitlho fa sebopego se se kokomogileng e le lobota lwa matlapa.<ref>Dichaba, Tsholofelo Sele (2009). [https://repository.rice.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/9b50f2c1-a371-4c9b-9baa-0f80c353ecbf/content "From Monuments to Cultural Landscapes"]. ''Rethinking Heritage Management in Botswana''. [[:en:Rice_University|Rice University]]: 42.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1000 AD, batho ba Toutswe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana.<ref>[https://www.eskom.co.za/eia/tx/wp-content/uploads/migrated/MahikengIsang/DEIR-Appendicies/Ann-G-Specialist-Reports-2/G_5a.%20AIA%20Botswana%20Component.pdf Archaeological impact assessment for the Bosa transmission line project from Theisang substation to the Tlokweng border post in the South Eastern and Kgatleng districts of Botswana] (PDF). ''[[:en:Eskom|Eskom]].com'' (Report). Lentswe Archaeological Consultants. 2017. p. 10.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, temothuo le yone e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo botshelong jo boleele jwa tiro e e atolositsweng ya Toutswemogala Hill, ka ge dibopego tse dintsi tsa polokelo ya dijo le tsone di fitlhetswe mo lefelong leo. Dikarolo tse dintsi tse di farologaneng tsa bodilo jwa matlo di ile tsa bontsha gape go nna ga batho foo makgolokgolo a dingwaga. Go goroga ga bagolwagolwane ba babui ba Setswana ba ba neng ba tla go laola kgaolo go santse go tshwanetse ga bewa letlha ka tlhomamo. Maloko a [[Bakwena]], bogosi ka fa tlase ga moeteledipele yo o bidiwang Kgabo II, ba ne ba dira tsela ya bone go tsena mo Kalahari e e kwa borwa ka AD 1500 moragonyana, mme batho ba gagwe ba ne ba lelekela baagi ba Bakgalagadi kwa bophirima go tsena mo sekakeng. Fa dingwaga di ntse di feta, makala a le mmalwa a [[Bakwena]] a ne a fudugela kwa mafelong a a mabapi. [[Bangwaketse]] ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a kwa bophirima, fa [[Bangwato]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa bokone botlhaba kwa mafelong a pele a Kalanga.<ref>[[:en:David_Magang|Magang, David]] (2008). ''The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang''. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 10–14. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.</ref> E se kgale morago ga moo, lekala la Bangwato le le neng le itsege jaaka Batawana le ne la fudugela kwa [[Okavango|Okavango Delta]], gongwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1790.<ref>Tlou, T. (1974). "The Nature of Batswana States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Batawana Case". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''6''': 57–75. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40959210 40959210].</ref> === Mfecane le Dintwa tsa Batswana le Maburu === [[Setshwantsho:Kapstaaten 1905.png|left|thumb|213x213px|Mmepe wa Jeremane wa Aforika Borwa wa 1905, o o bontshang lefelo le le sa ntseng le sa kgaoganngwa la [[Bechuanaland]].]] Dikwalo tsa ntlha tse di amanang le Botswana wa segompieno di tlhagelela ka ngwaga wa 1824. Dikwalo tse di supa fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba fetogile mmuso o o renang mo kgaolong eo. Ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Makaba II, Bangwaketse ba ne ba rua metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo mo mafelong a sekaka a a sireleditsweng sentle, mme ba dirisa bokgoni jwa bone jwa sesole go tlhasela baagisani ba bone.<ref>Morton, Fred. [https://www.academia.edu/11134264 "The Rise of a Raiding State: Makaba II's Ngwaketse, 1780–1824"]. pp. 5–9. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200816031919/https://www.academia.edu/11134264/The_Rise_of_a_Raiding_State_Makaba_IIs_Ngwaketse_1780_1824 Archived] from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka nako e, dikgosi tse dingwe mo lefelong leo di ne di na le diroto di le dikete tse lesome kgotsa go feta mme di ne di atlegile thata.<ref>Morton, B. (1993). "Pre-1904 Population Estimates of the Tswana". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''25''': 89–99. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979984 40979984].</ref> Tekatekano eno e ne ya tla kwa bokhutlong ka nako ya [[Mfecane]] (1823–1843) fa tatelano ya batho ba ba tlhaselang go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e tsena mo lefatsheng. Le fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba kgona go fenya [[Bakololo]] ba ba neng ba tlhasetse ka ngwaga wa 1826, fa nako e ntse e tsamaya dikgosi tsotlhe tse dikgolo mo Botswana tsa tlhaselwa, tsa koafadiwa le go humanega. Bakololo le [[AmaNdebele]] ba ne ba tlhasela gangwe le gape mme ba tsaya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dikgomo, basadi le bana go tswa mo Batswaneng – bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba kgweelediwa kwa sekakeng kgotsa kwa mafelong a botshabelo jaaka ditlhoa tsa dithaba le magaga. Ke fela morago ga 1843, fa Ba-Amandebele ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima jwa Zimbabwe, fa matshosetsi ano a ne a kokobela.<ref>Morton, Barry (14 January 2009). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582479708671276|10.1080/02582479708671276]]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sechele Gustav Fritsch 1865.jpg|thumb|214x214px|[[Setshele I|Sechele I]], yo o neng a eteletse pele Mokgatlho wa Merafe ya Batswana kgatlhanong le [[Maburu]] ka 1852]] Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840 le bo 1850, kgwebisano le bagwebi ba ba neng ba le kwa [[Cape Colony]] e ne ya bulega mme ya kgontsha magosi a [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] go aga sesha. [[Bakwena]], Bangwaketse, Bangwato le Batawana ba ne ba dirisana mmogo go laola kgwebo ya lonaka lwa tlou e e neng e dira madi a mantsi mme ba dirisa madi ao go reka dipitse le ditlhobolo kwa ntle, mme seo se ne sa dira gore ba kgone go tlhoma taolo mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Botswana. Thulaganyo e e ne e weditswe ka bontsi ka 1880, mme ka jalo Batswana ba ne ba fenya Basarwa, Kalanga, Bakgalagadi le batho ba bangwe ba ba kwa tlase ba ga jaana.<ref>Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582479708671276|10.1080/02582479708671276]].</ref> Morago ga [[Loeto lo logolo]], [[MaAfrikanere]] go tswa kwa Koloning ya Kapa ba ne ba itlhoma mo melelwaneng ya Botswana kwa [[Teransefala]]. Ka 1852, kopano ya dikgosi tsa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Setshele I|Sechele I]] e ne ya fenya ditlhaselo tsa Maaforika kwa [[Ntwa ya Dimawe|Ntweng ya Dimawe]] mme, morago ga dingwaga di ka nna robedi tsa dikgotlhang le dintwa tse di neng di kgaotsa, kwa bofelong ba ne ba fitlhelela tumalano ya kagiso kwa [[Potchefstroom]] ka 1860. Go tloga ka nako eo, molelwane wa Botswana le wa Aforika Borwa wa gompieno o ne wa dumalanwa, mme maAfrikanere le Batswana ba ne ba gweba le go dira mmogo ka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:David_Magang|Magang, David]] (2008). ''The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang''. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 28–38. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.</ref><ref>Ramsay, J. (1991). "The Botswana-Boer War of 1852–53: How the Batswana Achieved Victory". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''23''': 193–208. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980851 40980851].</ref> Ka 1884, Batawana, mophato wa dipitse wa lotso lwa BaTswana o o neng o le kwa bokone o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Kgosi Moremi, o ne wa lwa le go fenya tlhaselo ya MaNdebele kwa bokone jwa Botswana kwa [[Ntwa ya Khutiyabasadi|Ntweng ya Khutiyabasadi]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go phutlhama ga Bogosi jwa Ndebele kwa Zimbabwe, mme bo ne jwa thusa bolaodi jo bo buang Setswana.<ref>Ramsay, Jeff. [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=72905&dir=2017/november/06 "The Guns of Khutiyabasadi (II)"]. ''[[:en:Mmegi|Mmegi]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124091704/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=72905&dir=2017/november/06 Archived] from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ntlha ya maemo a masha a kagiso, kgwebo e ne ya atlega fa gare ga 1860 le 1880. [[Barongwa]] ba Bakeresete ba ne ba kgona go dirisa seo thata. [[Balutere]] le [[Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London]] ka bobedi ba ne ba tlhongwa mo lefatsheng ka 1856. Ka 1880, motse mongwe le mongwe o mogolo o ne o na le morongwa yo o nnang mo go one, mme tlhotlheletso ya bone e ne ya gola ka iketlo. [[Khama III]], yo o neng a busa go tloga ka 1875 go fitlha ka 1923, e ne e le wa ntlha mo dikgosing tsa Batswana go dira Bokeresete bodumedi jwa puso, mme molao o mogolo wa setso sa Batswana o ne wa fetoga ka ntlha ya seo. Bokeresete bo ne jwa nna bodumedi jwa semmuso mo dikgosing tsotlhe ka [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha]].<ref>Landau, Paul Stuart (1995). ''The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in the Southern African Kingdom''. Portsmouth (N.H.) London Cape Town (South Africa): James Currey. ISBN 0-435-08963-3.</ref> === Bokolone === [[Setshwantsho:Dikgosis on the 3 dikgosi monument.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Dikgosi tsa Bechuanaland kwa Lontone. Ka fa molemeng: w:[[Kgosi Sebele I|Sebele I]]; Bogare: w:[[Bathoen I]]; Ka fa mojeng: w:[[Khama III]].]] [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Setempe sa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.]] Ka nako ya [[Go Kgaratlhela Aforika]], [[Mmusomogolo wa Jeremane]] le Borithane ka bobedi di ne di eletsa kgaolo ya Botswana. Ka nako ya [[Bokopano jwa kwa Berlin]], Borithane e ne ya swetsa go tsenya Botswana go sireletsa Tsela e e yang kwa Bokone mme ka jalo e golaganye Koloni ya Kapa le mafelo a yona a a kwa bokone go ya pele. E ne ya gapa dikgaolo tsa Tswana ka letlhakore le le lengwe ka Firikgong 1885 mme morago ga moo ya romela [[Warren Expedition]] kwa bokone go tiisa taolo mo kgaolong le go tlhatswa dikgosi pelo go amogela taolo ya Borithane. Le fa ba ne ba belaela, ba ne ba feleletsa ba dumalana le ''fait accompli'' e.<ref>Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. [https://www.academia.edu/15645705 "The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966"]. pp. 4–7. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.</ref><ref>"Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T.E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka 1890, mafelo a a kwa bokone jwa didikirii di le masome mabedi le bobedi a ne a okediwa mo Tshireletsong e ntšhwa ya Bechuanaland. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1890, kgaolo e ntsha e ne ya kgaoganngwa ka dipolokelo tse robedi tse di farologaneng, ka lefatshe le lennye le le lekaneng le le neng la tlogelwa jaaka lefatshe le le gololesegileng la baagi ba basweu. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go neela Bechuanaland Protectorate go [[Kompone ya Borithane ya Aforika Borwa]]. Leano le, le le neng le le mo tseleng ya go ungwa le fa baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba kopa ba ba neng ba etela Enyelane go ipelaetsa, le ne la feleletsa le sentswe ke go palelwa ga [[Jameson Raid]] ka Firikgong 1896.<ref>Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. [https://www.academia.edu/15645705 "The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966"]. pp. 7–11. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211028165308/https://www.academia.edu/15645705 Archived] from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.</ref><ref>Parsons, Neil (3 February 1998). ''King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes''. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64745-6.</ref> Fa [[Kopano ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne e tlhamiwa go tswa mo dikoloning tse dikgolo tsa Borithane mo kgaolong e ka 1910, Dikgaolo tsa Khomišene e e Kwa Godimo—Bechuanaland Protectorate, [[Basutoland]] (e jaanong e bidiwang [[Lesotho]]) le [[Swaziland]] (e jaanong e leng [[Eswatini]])—di ne di sa akarediwe, mme go ne ga dirwa thulaganyo ya gore moragonyana di akarediwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, UK e ne ya simolola go buisana le baagi ba yone gore ba eletsa eng. Le fa dipuso tse di latelanang tsa Aforika Borwa di ne di batla gore mafelo ao a fetisediwe kwa taolong ya tsone, UK e ne ya nna ya diega; ka ntlha ya moo, ga e ise e ko e direge. Go tlhophiwa ga puso [[ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 1948, e e neng ya tlhoma [[tlhaolele]], le go ikgogela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo [[Mafatsheng a Selekane]] ka 1961, e ne ya fedisa tsholofelo nngwe le nngwe ya gore UK kgotsa dikgaolo tseo di dumalane go tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>Hayes, Frank (1980). "South Africa's Departure from the Commonwealth, 1960–1961". ''The International History Review''. '''2''' (3): 453–484. doi:[[doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222|10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222]]. ISSN 0707-5332. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105085 40105085].</ref> Katoloso ya bolaodi jwa bogareng jwa Borithane le go fetoga ga puso ya lefatshe go ne ga felela ka gore ka 1920 go tlhomiwe makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go emela Maaforika le Bayuropa ka bobedi.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603024427/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm "Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945–1966)"]. ''eisa.org''. Archived from [http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm the original] on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lekgotla la Aforika le ne le na le ditlhogo di le robedi tsa merafe ya Batswana le maloko mangwe a a tlhophilweng.<ref name=":1" /> Dikgoeletso ka 1934 di ne di laola puso le dithata tsa merafe. Lekgotla la bagakolodi la Yuropa le Aforika le ne la tlhamiwa ka 1951, mme molaomotheo wa 1961 o ne wa tlhoma lekgotla la peomolao la ditherisano.<ref>[https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/botswana.html "Botswana"]. ''clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240602105543/https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/botswana.html Archived] from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence Talks, 1965 - 2.png|thumb|220x220px|[[Seretse Khama]] (''ka fa mojeng'') le [[Quett Masire]] (''ka fa molemeng'') kwa dipuisanong tsa boipuso kwa Lontone, ka 1965]] Ka Seetebosigo 1964, United Kingdom e ne ya amogela dikakanyetso tsa gore go nne le puso ya ya batho ka batho mo Botswana. Bokopano jwa boipuso bo ne jwa tshwarelwa kwa Lontone ka Tlhakole 1966.<ref>[https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA1T4XABSD8UKW27D8CE76D4K2H-UK-BECHUANALAND-INDEPENDENCE-CONFERENCE-OPENS-IN-LONDON/query/Bechuanaland "U.K.: Bechuanaland independence conference opens in London 1966"]. ''British Pathé historical collection''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175143/https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/143349/ Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Setilo sa puso se ne sa fudusiwa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tswa kwa [[Mahikeng]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]], go ya kwa [[Gaborone]] e e neng e sa tswang go tlhongwa, e e neng e le gaufi le molelwane wa Botswana le Aforika Borwa. Go ikaegilwe ka molaomotheo wa 1965, lefatshe le ne la tshwara ditlhopho tsa lone tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso ka fa tlase ga tshwanelo ya botlhe ya go tlhopha mme la bona boipuso ka Lwetse a le malatsi a masome mararo 1966.<ref>[http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm "Fireworks at Midnight"]. ''Britishempire.co.uk''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161103054412/http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm Archived] from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], moeteledipele mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso,<ref>Rotberg, Robert I. (3 March 2023). "Botswana: Africa's Democratic Exception". ''[https://academic.oup.com/book/45388/chapter/389337356 Overcoming the Oppressors]''. Oxford University PressNew York. pp. 192–231. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008|10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008]]. ISBN 978-0-19-767420-8.</ref> o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa ntlha, mme morago ga moo a tlhophiwa gape gabedi.<ref>Zuber, David (4 April 2022). [https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/seretse-khama-1921-1980/ "Seretse Khama (1921–1980) •"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240606131806/https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/seretse-khama-1921-1980/ Archived] from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Khama o ne a tlhokafala mo maemong a gagwe ka 1980. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go mothusatautona wa nako eo, [[Quett Masire]], yo o neng a tlhophiwa ka boene ka 1984 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 1989 le 1994. Masire o ne a tlogela tiro ka 1998. O ne a tlhatlhangwa ke [[Festus Mogae]], yo o neng a thophiwa ka 1999 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 2004. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ka 2008 (morwa tautona wa ntlha), yo o neng a ntse a direla jaaka mothusa tautona wa ga Mogae fa e sale a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna Molaodi wa [[Sesole sa Botswana]] ka 1998 go tsaya karolo e ya setšhaba. Ka Moranang a rogwa 2018, [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi]] o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana, a tlhatlhama Ian Khama.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376 "Botswana country profile"]. ''BBC News''. 3 April 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210307103607/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376 Archived] from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Kganetsano e e neng e ntse e le teng ka nako e telele ka ga molelwane o o kwa bokone le [[Caprivi Strip]] ya [[Namibia]] e ne ya nna setlhogo sa katlholo ya [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Bosiamisi]] ka Sedimonthole 1999. E ne ya atlhola gore [[Setlhaketlhake sa Sedudu|Setlhaketlhake sa Kasikili]] ke sa Botswana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112332/http://www.southern-eagle.com/namibia/namgeninfo.html "Namibia General Information"]. Southern-eagle.com. 21 March 1990. Archived from [http://www.southern-eagle.com/namibia/namgeninfo.html the original] on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la busa lefatshe kwantle ga go kgaotsa go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa 1965 go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024]], tse di neng tsa fenngwa ke [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]].<ref>Muia, Wycliffe; Zane, Damian (1 November 2024). [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c238n5zr51yo "Botswana ruling party rejected after 58 years in power"]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a rogwa 2024, [[Duma Boko]], moeteledipele wa UDC, o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa Botswana, a nna tautona wa ntlha go sa emele BDP.<ref>Okachi, George (4 November 2024). [https://www.dw.com/en/world-headlines-ignore-botswanas-peaceful-power-transition/video-70686382 "Why is Botswana's peaceful power transfer being ignored?"]. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2025, Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[mathata a magolo a kalafi]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c78zg67x38zo "Botswana declares national public health emergency"]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 26 August 2025. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Lefelo == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb|200x200px|Mmepe wa Botswana wa [[Köppen climate classification]]]] Ka bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 581 730 (sekwere sa dimaele di le 224 607), Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome mane le boferabobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://dxnews.com/a25rj_botswana/ "A25DX – A25RJ Botswana – News – Information"]. ''dxnews.com''. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Gape e na le bogodimo jo bo ka nnang dimitara di le sekete (3 300 ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle.<ref>[https://www.goway.com/destinations/africa/botswana "Botswana Safari Vacation Packages 2025/2026 | Goway Travel"]. ''www.goway.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531110907/https://www.goway.com/travel-information/africa-middle-east/botswana/geography-and-maps/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.botswana.co.za/Botswana_Regional_Info-travel/where-is-botswana.html "Where is Botswana?"]. ''botswana.co.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531222419/https://www.botswana.co.za/Botswana_Regional_Info-travel/where-is-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana e sephaphathi thata, e rata go nna mo lefelong le le bidikamang ka iketlo.<ref name=":2" /> [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ke sone se tetseng mo Botswana, se se akaretsang go fitlha go 70% ya bogodimo jwa lefatshe la lone.<ref>[https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/botswana "Botswana Country Profile – National Geographic Kids"]. ''Geography''. 20 March 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531111339/https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/botswana Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta, Botswana (2674364913).jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]]]] Lefelo la [[Noka ya Limpopo]], e leng sebopego se segolo sa lefatshe la borwa jotlhe jwa Aforika, le bontlhabongwe mo Botswana, ka megopo ya melatswana ya yone e e elelang, [[Noka ya Notwane|Notwane]], [[Noka ya Bonwapitse|Bonwapitse]], [[Mahalapye]], [[Noka ya Lotsane|Lotsane]], [[Molapo wa Motloutse|Motloutse]] le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]], tse di mo karolong e e kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin"]. ''fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175114/https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ya Notwane e tlamela motsemogolo ka metsi ka [[Gaborone dam|Letamo la Gaborone]].<ref>[https://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 "WUC"]. ''wuc.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160627051722/http://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 Archived] from the original on 27 June 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Noka ya Chobe]] e kopana le [[Noka ya Zambezi]] kwa lefelong le le bidiwang [[Kazungula, Zambia|Kazungula]].<ref>[http://2summers.net/2013/07/01/crossing-a-river-where-four-countries-meet/ "Crossing a River Where Four Countries Meet"]. ''2Summers''. 1 July 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233844/https://2summers.net/2013/07/01/crossing-a-river-where-four-countries-meet/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Mefutafuta ya ditshedi le tshomarelo === [[Setshwantsho:Cebras de Burchell (Equus quagga burchellii), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 28.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Dipitse tsa naga di tsamayatsamaya mo Mogobeng wa Okavango]] Botswana e na le mafelo a a farologaneng a bonno jwa diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":3">[https://www.awf.org/country/botswana "Botswana | African Wildlife Foundation"]. ''www.awf.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531215139/https://www.awf.org/country/botswana Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo godimo ga mafelo a delta le a sekaka, go na le [[mafelo a bojang]] le [[di-savanna]].<ref name=":3" /> Bokone jwa Botswana bo na le nngwe ya dipalopalo tse di mmalwa tse di setseng tsa [[ntša ya naga ya Aforika]] e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela.<ref>[https://www.canids.org/species/view/African-wild-dog "African wild dog | Canids"]. ''www.canids.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175214/https://www.canids.org/species/view/African-wild-dog Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Chobe National Park]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Chobe|Kgaolong ya Chobe]] e na le ditlou tse dintsi go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng tsa [[Ditlou tsa Aforika|Aforika]]. Phaka e akaretsa dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse lesome le motso (4,247 sq mi) mme e tshegetsa mefuta e ka nna makgolo mararo le masome matlhano ya dinonyane.<ref>Moseley, William G. [https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/4/21/too-many-elephants-in-african-parks "Too many elephants in African parks?"]. Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233829/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/4/21/too-many-elephants-in-african-parks Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana ke karolo ya Lefelo la Tshomarelo la Kavango Zambezi (KAZA), mmogo le Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia le Angola. Karolo ya tumalano e letla motsamao o o gololesegileng wa diphologolo tsa naga magareng ga mafatshe a a tsayang karolo. "Mafelo a go gasama ga diphologolo tsa naga" a le marataro a supilwe go ikaegilwe ka ditsela tsa ditso tsa go fuduga ga diphologolo tsa naga<ref>[https://www.worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/spring-2016/articles/five-countries-work-toward-a-common-goal-in-southern-africa "Five countries work toward a common goal in southern Africa | Magazine Articles | WWF"]. ''World Wildlife Fund''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo Botswana [[khurumetso ya sekgwa]] e ka nna 27% ya bogolo jwa lefatshe lotlhe, e e lekanang le diheketara di le 15,254,700 (ha) tsa sekgwa ka 2020, go tswa go diheketara di le 18,803,700 (ha) ka 1990. Ka 2020, sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago se ne se akaretsa diheketara di le 15,254,700, sa sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago 0% e ne ya begwa e le [[sekgwa sa motheo]] (se se nang le mefuta ya ditlhare tsa naga e e senang ditshupo tse di bonalang sentle tsa tiro ya batho) mme mo e ka nnang 11% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e e sireleditsweng e ne ya fitlhelwa mo teng. Mo ngwageng wa 2015, 24% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e begilwe e le ka fa tlase ga setshaba le 76% ya mong yo o ikemetseng.<ref>''[https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.</ref><ref>[https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BWA/home/overview "Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Botswana"]. ''Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations''.</ref> Chobe National Park le [[Moremi Game Reserve]] (mo Okavango Delta) ke mafelo a magolo a bojanala.<ref>Bunge, Bianca (31 May 2021). [https://secretafrica.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-botswana/ "Top 10 Tourist Attractions In Botswana"]. ''Secret Africa''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531201917/https://secretafrica.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Dipolokelo tse dingwe di akaretsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari]] le le fitlhelwang kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari mo [[Kgaolo ya Ghanzi|Kgaolong ya Ghanzi]]; [[Makgadikgadi Pans National Park]] le [[Nxai Pan National Park]] tse di mo [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Legare]] mo [[Makgadikgadi Pan]].<ref>[https://www.itravelto.com/place/Central-Botswana.html "Central Botswana | Botswana Safari"]. ''www.itravelto.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233838/https://www.itravelto.com/place/Central-Botswana.html Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le lebagane le mathata a mabedi a magolo [[a tikologo]], komelelo le [[go fetoga sekaka]], tse di golaganeng thata. Dikotara di le tharo tsa batho le diphologolo tsa naga di ikaegile ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka ntlha ya komelelo. Tiriso ya [[metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe]] ka go epa didiba tse di kwa teng e fokoditse ditlamorago tsa komelelo ka tsela nngwe. Metsi a a fa godimo ga lefatshe a a tlhokega mo Botswana, mme temothuo e e kwa tlase ga 5% mo lefatsheng e kgona go tswelela ka pula. Mo e e setseng 95% ya lefatshe, go rua leruo ke motswedi o mogolo wa lotseno lwa kwa magaeng. Mo e ka nnang 71% ya lefatshe la lefatshe le dirisediwa phulo ya tlhakanelo, e e nnileng selo se segolo se se bakileng go fetoga ga naga sekaka le kgogolego ya mmu e e potlakileng mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":4">Darkoh, Michael. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101010191509/http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf "Desertification in Botswana"] (PDF). IS: Rala. pp. 61–64. Archived from [http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> E re ka go rua leruo go solegetse batho ba lefatshe la Botswana dipoelo, ba tsweletse ka go dirisa lefatshe leo ka dipalo tse di golang tsa diphologolo ka tsela e e gakgamatsang. Go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1991, palo ya leruo e ne ya gola go tswa go didikadike di le 1.7 go ya go didikadike di le tlhano le sephatlo.<ref name=":4" /> Fela jalo, palo ya batho e oketsegile go tswa go 574,000 ka 1971 go ya go sedikadike le sephatlo ka 1995, e leng koketsego ya 161% mo dingwageng di le masome mabedi le bone.<ref>[https://www.comptonherald.org/joa-botswana "Botswana"]. ''Compton Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240501224436/https://www.comptonherald.org/joa-botswana Archived] from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. </ref> Baitseanape ba tikologo ba bega gore Okavango Delta e a oma ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga phulo ya leruo.<ref name=":5">[http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794 "Botswana, US sign 'Debt-for-Nature' agreement"]. Afrol. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091201140712/http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794 Archived] from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Okavango Delta ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a metsi a a nang le dikgwa tse dinnye mo Botswana e bile ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a kwa teng ga naga mo lefatsheng; thulaganyo ya tikologo e botlhokwa thata mo go tsheleng ga diphologolo di le dintsi.<ref name=":5" /> Lephata la Dikgwa le Ditsompelo tsa Dikgwa le setse le simolotse go tsenya mo tirisong porojeke ya go busetsa dimela tsa selegae mo baaging ba Kgalagadi Borwa, Kweneng Bokone le Boteti.<ref>Mogotsi, Kebadire; Kanego, Arabang; Sebele, Neelo; Kgaswane, Medi; Gabaitse, H. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100724145917/http://www.unccd.int/IYDD/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf "New opportunities for combating desertification in Botswana: Women in action for sustainable land and natural resources management"] (PDF). UNCCD. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100724145917/http://www.unccd.int/IYDD/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go tsenngwa gape ga dimela tsa selegae go tlaa thusa go fokotsa go senyega ga lefatshe. [[Puso ya Amerika]] le yone e dirile tumalano le lefatshe la Botswana, e ba neetse US$7 million go fokotsa sekoloto sa Botswana ka US$8.3 million. US e ne ya tlhomamisa gore Botswana e tlaa tlhoma mogopolo mo tshomarelong e e tseneletseng ya lefatshe.<ref name=":5" /> Lefatshe le ne le na le maduo a palogare a [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] ya 2018 a 9.13/10, e e baya mo maemong a bo ferabobedi lefatshe ka bophara mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a supa le bobedi.<ref>Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"]. ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref> [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) le bolela fa lehuma e le lone bothata jo bogolo jo bo dirang gore go dirisiwe ditsompelo go feta selekanyo, go akaretsa le lefatshe, mo Botswana. UNDP e ne ya tsenelela mo porojekeng e e neng ya simololwa kwa morafeng wa borwa jwa Struizendam mo Botswana. Maikaelelo a porojeke ke go tsaya malebela mo "kitsong ya setso le dithulaganyo tsa taolo ya lefatshe tsa setso". Baeteledipele ba mokgatlho oo ba tshwanetse go nna batho ba ba mo setšhabeng go gogela batho ba tlholego, mme seo se oketsa ditšhono tsa bone tsa go bona lotseno, ka jalo se fokotsa lehuma. UNDP gape e boletse gore puso e tshwanetse go diragatsa melao ka katlego go letla batho go laola metswedi ya bone ya selegae mme lenaneo le fa puso tshedimosetso go thusa mo tlhabololong ya melao.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090 "Botswana villages fighting desertification"]. Afrol. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091102221242/http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090 Archived] from the original on 2 November 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Puso le dipolotiki == [[Setshwantsho:Duma Boko 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|208x208px|[[Duma Boko]] ke [[Tautona wa Botswana]] go tloga ka 2024.]] Botswana ke [[rephaboliki ya palamente]] e e laolwang ke [[Molaomotheo wa Botswana]].<ref name=":6">Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Z.; Malila, Ikanyeng S. (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45341655 "The Mutation of Parliament into a "Registration Chamber": Executive Dominance over the Legislature in Botswana"]. ''The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs''. '''40''' (2): 33–59. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45341655. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ke puso ya batho ka batho e telele go gaisa e e sa kgaotseng mo Aforika.<ref name=":8">Sebudubudu, David; Bodilenyane, Keratilwe; Kwerepe, Phana (2016). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124 "The Politics of Opposition Electoral Coalitions and Alliances in Botswana"]. ''The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs''. '''43''' (1): 1–26. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45342124. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231013182227/https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124 Archived] from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Setilo sa yone sa puso se kwa [[Gaborone]].<ref name=":2" /> Ditheo tsa puso ya Botswana di tlhomilwe morago ga gore e nne setšhaba se se ikemetseng ka nosi ka 1966. Thulaganyo ya puso ya Botswana e ikaegile ka [[tsamaiso ya Westminster]] ya United Kingdom le dipuso tsa merafe ya batho ba Tswana.<ref name=":6" /> Botswana e na le [[puso e e kopantsweng]] e mo go yone molao wa bosetšhaba o emisetsang molao wa selegae.<ref>Mooketsane, K.; Bodilenyane, K.; Motshekgwa, B. (2017). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-6a061f80d "Is decentralisation in Botswana a democratic fallacy?"]. ''African Journal of Public Affairs''. '''9''' (5): 47–60. hdl:10520/EJC-6a061f80d. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175122/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-6a061f80d Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Melao ya selegae e tlhamiwa ke makgotla a selegae le makgotla a dikgaolo.<ref name=":7">Sharma, Keshav C. (23 August 2020). [https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.928945225837497 "Role of local government in Botswana for effective service delivery: Challenges, prospects and lessons"]. ''Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance'' (7): 135–142. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175124/https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.928945225837497 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ba tlhotlhelediwa thata ke dipuso tsa merafe, tse di eteletsweng pele ke kgosi ya morafe.<ref name=":7" /> [[Palamente ya Botswana]] e na le Tautona le [[Kokoano Bosetšhaba]], e e dirang jaaka lekgotla la peomolao la setšhaba le le tlhomameng le le le nosi, fa ''[[Ntlo ya Dikgosi]]'' e direla setlhopha sa bagakolodi se se dirilweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe le maloko a mangwe a a tlhomilweng.<ref>Norton, Philip (21 December 2004). [[doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436|"How many bicameral legislatures are there?"]]. ''The Journal of Legislative Studies''. '''10''' (4): 1–9. doi:[[doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436|10.1080/1357233042000322436]]. ISSN 1357-2334. S2CID 143950774. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lekala la khuduthamaga la Botswana le eteletswe pele ke [[Tautona wa Botswana]], yo o dirang jaaka tlhogo ya lefatshe le tlhogo ya puso.<ref name=":6" /> Maloko a palamente a tlhopha tautona,<ref name=":9">Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240213145751/https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 Archived] from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> mme tautona o tlhoma [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|mothusa-tautona]] le [[matona]].<ref>Beaulier, Scott A.; Subrick, J. Robert (2006). [http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x "The Political Foundations of Development: The Case of Botswana"]. ''Constitutional Political Economy''. '''17''' (2): 103–115. doi:10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x. ISSN 1043-4062. S2CID 59354401. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. </ref> Tautona o na le dithata tse di bonalang mo Botswana, mme lekgotla la peomolao ga le na dithata tse dintsi tsa go tlhola tautona fa a setse a tlhomilwe.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2 January 2017). [[doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636|"Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty"]]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''35''' (1): 1–14. doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636. ISSN 0258-9001.</ref> Boatlhodi bo akaretsa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo le Dikgotlatshekelo tsa Bommakaseterata.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110218013129/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/ "The Hierarchy of the Courts"]. ''Government of Botswana''. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/ the original] on 18 February 2011.</ref> Dikgetse gantsi di rarabololwa ke dikgotlatshekelo tsa setso tse di okametsweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe.<ref name=":7" /> [[Ditlhopho mo Botswana]] di tshwarwa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano mme di okametswe ke [[Lekgotla le le Ikemetseng la Ditlhopho]] (IEC).<ref name=":10">Mogalakwe, Monageng (2 January 2015). [[doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210|"An assessment of Botswana's electoral management body to deliver fair elections"]]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''33''' (1): 105–120. doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210. ISSN 0258-9001. S2CID 154949350. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana e tsamaisa [[tsamaiso ya makoko a mantsi]] e mo go yone [[makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki]] a gaisanang mo ditlhophong.<ref name=":8" /> E ne e le lefatshe la lekoko le le laolang le mo go lone [[Botswana Democratic Party]] e neng e busa ka puso ya bontsi go tloga ka boipuso ka 1966 go fitlha ka 2024.<ref>Somolekae, Gloria (1 January 2005). [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/political-parties-in-botswana/ Political Parties in Botswana] (Report). Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. p. 6. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601230322/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/political-parties-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 74.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba di amogelwa jaaka [[tse di gololesegileng le tse di siameng]], fela lekoko le le busang le na le bomolemo jwa setheo se makoko a mangwe a se nang one.<ref name=":10" /><ref>Sebudubudu, David; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara (2010). [https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC88240 "The management of elections: the case of Botswana"]. ''Politeia''. '''29''' (1): 65–77. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175631/https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC88240 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Makgamu]] a tlwaelesegile mo makokong a sepolotiki a Botswana, mme ditlhopha di le mmalwa di tlhamile makoko a masha ka go kgaogana le a a tlhomilweng.<ref name=":8" /> Fa e sale ka 2019, [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e ntse e dira jaaka kopano ya makoko a kganetso.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN "Botswana opposition groups unite to challenge ruling BDP"]. ''Reuters''. 3 February 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221114062454/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN Archived] from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa bosheng di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 2024, fa lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa lone lekgetlho la ntlha mo ditsong, mme seo sa fedisa puso ya lone ya dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi mo lefatsheng leo. Ditlhopho di ne tsa bona [[Duma Boko]] a tlhophiwa go nna tautona.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o "Botswana election: Duma Boko – the politician who did the unthinkable"]. BBC. November 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tsa Botswana, dipolotiki tsa lone di ne di laolwa ke Tautona [[Seretse Khama]] le mothusa-tautona (tautona wa moragonyana) [[Quett Masire]].<ref>[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p. 58.</ref> Fa e sale ka [[Khuduthamaga ya Kgabo]] ka 1991, makgamu le dikgaisano tsa sepolotiki di laotse sepolotiki sa Botswana. Lekoko la [[Barata-Phathi]] le ne le eteletswe pele ke [[Peter Mmusi]], [[Daniel Kwelagobe]] le [[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], fa lekoko la [[A Team]] le ne le eteletswe pele ke [[Mompati Merafhe]] le [[Jacob Nkate]].<ref>Ntuane, Botsalo (2018). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90026925 "President Festus Mogae: The Regent Who Became King"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''50''': 333–338. ISSN 0525-5090. JSTOR 90026925. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref name=":11">Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824 "The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party"]. ''Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies''. '''27''' (2): 343–360. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175735/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824_The_2010_split_of_the_Botswana_Democratic_Party Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa [[Festus Mogae]] le [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ba nna tautona le mothusa tautona, ka go latelana, ba ne ba itebaganya le setlhopha sa A. Khama o ne a leleka A Team mo lekokong ka 2010 morago ga go nna tautona.<ref name=":11" /> Kgaisano e ntsha e ne ya bopega ka 2018 fa motlhatlhami wa ga Khama yo o tlhophilweng, Mokgweetsi Masisi a ne a nna tautona. O ne a ganetsa Khama, mme bobedi jo bo ne jwa bopa kgaisano ya sepolotiki e e tswelelang go tlhotlhoregela mo dipolotiking tsa Batswana ka dingwaga tsa bo 2020.<ref>Seabo, Batlang; Nyenhuis, Robert (2021). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S000202062100069X/type/journal_article "Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama"]. ''African Studies Review''. '''64''' (4): 854–883. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.69. ISSN 0002-0206. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. </ref> Botswana e ne ya bewa mo maemong a "puso ya batho ka batho e e nang le diphoso" mme e le ya bo 33 mo dinageng di le 167 mo [[Democracy Index (The Economist)]], e e neng e le maemo a bobedi a a kwa godimo mo Aforika, le maemo a a kwa godimo mo kontinenteng ya Aforika (ke fela setšhaba sa setlhaketlhake sa [[Mauritius]] se se kwa lewatleng se se neng se fenya maemo a yone).<ref>[https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/ "Democracy Index 2023"]. ''Economist Intelligence Unit''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215250/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/ Archived] from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka [[V-Dem Democracy Indices]] ya 2024, Botswana e ntse e itemogela tiragalo ya [[go boela morago ga puso ya batho ka batho]] mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng, mme ya rekota maduo a yone a a kwa tlase go gaisa otlhe mo ditshupaneng tseno. Ditshupane di tlhaola Botswana jaaka puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho e e mo ‘kgaolong e e bosetlha’ fa gare ga puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho le puso ya boikgethelo ya ditlhopho. Go feta foo, di bontsha gore Botswana e latlhegetswe ke maemo a yone jaaka "puso ya batho ka batho e e gololesegileng" ka 2021, ka dikarolo tsa yone tsa kgololesego, tsa go tsaya karolo le tsa dipuisano di fokotsega "ka maemo a a botlhokwa go ya ka dipalopalo", ka karolo ya bofelo e lemogilwe jaaka e e nnang "e e maswe thata".<ref>[https://www.v-dem.net/documents/44/v-dem_dr2024_highres.pdf "V-Dem Democracy Index"] (PDF). ''V-Dem''. pp. 14, 16, 21, 28. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240307211425/https://www.v-dem.net/documents/44/v-dem_dr2024_highres.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Transparency International]] [[Corruption Index]] ya 2023 e beile Botswana mo maemong a boraro a tshenyetso setshaba jo bo kwa tlase mo Aforika, ka fa tlase fela ga [[Cape Verde]] le [[Seychelles]].<ref>[https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 "2023 Corruption Perceptions Index: Explore the results"]. ''Transparency.org''. 30 January 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230204001659/https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2023.</ref> Botswana gape ke leloko la [[Mafatshe a selekane|Mafatshe a Selekane]].<ref>[https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries "Member countries"]. ''Commonwealth''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221031175159/https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries Archived] from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved </ref> === Dikamano le mafatshe a sele le sesole === [[Setshwantsho:Botswanatroopsboardplane.png|thumb|200x200px|Masole a Botswana a palama sefofane sa [[sesole sa Botswana]] go ya kwa Mozambique ka Phukwi 2021.]] Ka nakô ya boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne le sena sesôlê sê se nitlameng. E ne e le morago ga gore Masôlê a [[Rhodesia]] le a [[Sesole sa Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]] a lwantshiwê ke mephatô ya [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]] le [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]<ref>Parks, Michael (20 May 1986). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-20-mn-6620-story.html "S. Africa Raids 3 Nearby Nations : Attacks Rebel Bases in Capitals of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111150242/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-20/news/mn-6620_1_african-national-congress Archived] from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> mme [[Botswana Defence Force]] (BDF) ya tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa 1977.<ref name=":12">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162757/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/ "History of the BDF"]. ''gov.bw''. 25 August 2011. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/ the original] on 6 July 2011.</ref> Tautona ê nê e le [[molaodi wa sesôlè]] gape a tlhopha khansele ya itshireletso. Sesôlê sa Botswana se maloko a ka tshwara selekanyo sa 12,000. Ka 2019, Botswana e ne ya saena tumalano ya UN ya [[treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]].<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"]. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en Archived] from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go latêla phetogô ya sepôlôtiki sa Aforika Borwa le sa kgaolo, sesôlê sa Botswana se nê sa itlama go sirêlêtsa diphôlôgôlô tsa tlhôlêgê, [[go baakanyetsa dibetso tsa tlhôlêgô]], gape tshegetsa go lêre kagisô kwa mafatsheng a sele. Lefatshe ja United States ke lengwe lê le thusang Botswana ka ditlhabololô, le sônê [[Botswana Defence Force|sesôlê sa Botswana]], ka bontsi jwa bônê ba fiwa ithuthuntshô ke ba lefatshe la U.S. Ithuthuntshô ê e tsêwa e le ya kônôkônô.<ref name=":12" /> Puso ya Botswana e ne ya naya Amerika tetla ya go sekaseka kgonagalo ya go tlhoma lefelo la Africa Command ([[AFRICOM]]) mo lefatsheng leo.<ref>U.S. Army Africa Public Affairs; Daniel, Spc. Tynisha; March, Meredith; Sampson, Sgt. Karen (15 January 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170718193102/http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe "Botswana Defence Force, U.S. Army Leaders Meet in Europe"]. ''africom.mil''. Archived from [http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe the original] on 18 July 2017.</ref> Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome matlhano le le nang le kagiso mo lefatsheng, go ya ka [[Global Peace Index]].<ref>[https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf "2024 Global Peace Index"] (PDF). p. 20.</ref> === Ditshwanelo tsa setho === [[Ditshwanelo|Lefelo la Botswana la Ditshwanelo tsa Setho]], [[Ditshwanelo]], le tlhomilwe ka 1993.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180218204716/http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/ "Ditshwanelo"]. ''ditshwanelo.org.bw''. 16 January 2018. Archived from [http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/ the original] on 18 February 2018.</ref> Go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 2019, ditiro tsa go ratana ka bong bo le bongwe di ne di le kgatlhanong le molao mo Botswana. Tshwetso ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana ya Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso wa ngwaga oo e ne ya phimola dipeelo tsa Molao wa Bosenyi tse di neng di otlhaya "kitso ya nama ya motho ope kgatlhanong le thulaganyo ya tlholego" le "ditiro tsa maitseo a a makgwakgwa", mme seo sa dira gore Botswana e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le bobedi a Aforika a a dirileng gore batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ba se ka ba nna molato kgotsa ba nne mo molaong.<ref>Fox, Kara. [https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html "Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa"]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190611111110/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Katlholelo loso]] ke katlholo ya semolao ya polao mo Botswana, mme dipolao di dirwa ka go kalediwa.<ref>Tshosa, Onkemetse (25 May 2021). [https://www.biicl.org/files/2216_tshosa_death_penalty_botswana.pdf "THE DEATH PENALTY IN BOTSWANA IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE FOR ABOLITION"] (PDF). p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210525162623/https://www.biicl.org/files/2216_tshosa_death_penalty_botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Bosquimanos-Grassland Bushmen Lodge, Botswana 04.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Monna wa Mosarwa (San) ]] ==== San le merafe e mengwe ya tlholego ==== Bontsi jwa batho ba tlholego ba San ba fudusitswe ka dikgoka go tswa mo lefatsheng la bone go ya kwa mafelong a a beetsweng kwa thoko. Go dira gore ba fuduge, ba ne ba kganelwa go bona metsi mo lefatsheng la bone mme ba ne ba lebana le go tshwarwa fa ba ka tsoma, e leng motswedi wa bone o mogolo wa dijo.<ref name=":13">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867 "Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us"]. ''BBC News''. 7 January 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325015238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867 Archived] from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mafeloa bone a mo gare ga tshimo e e humileng thata ya diteemane mo lefatsheng. Semmuso, puso e ganetsa gore go na le kgolagano epe le meepo, e bolela fa go fudusiwa e le go somarela diphologolo tsa naga le thulaganyo ya tikologo, le fa batho ba San ba ntse ba tshela ka tsela e e tswelelang mo lefatsheng ka dingwaga di le dikete.<ref name=":13" /> Mo dipeeletsong, ba kgaratlha thata go bona tiro, mme botagwa bo aname.<ref name=":13" /> Ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bone 2018, [[Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng wa UN wa Bathopotlana]], Fernand de Varennes, o ne a ntsha pegelo e e neng e ikuela mo Botswana "go oketsa maiteko a go lemoga le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba babotlana mabapi le ditirelo tsa setšhaba, tiriso ya lefatshe le didirisiwa, le tiriso ya [[dipuo tse di potlana]] mo thutong le mo mafelong mangwe a a botlhokwa."<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/botswana-minorities-need-boost-education-and-health-care-says-un-expert#:~:text=GENEVA%20%2F%20GABORONE%20(24%20August%202018,on%20Minorities%2C%20Fernand%20de%20Varennes. "Botswana minorities need boost in education and health care, says UN expert urging Bill of Right"]. United Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175645/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/botswana-minorities-need-boost-education-and-health-care-says-un-expert#:~:text=GENEVA%20%2F%20GABORONE%20(24%20August%202018,on%20Minorities%2C%20Fernand%20de%20Varennes. Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Dikarolo tsa botsamaisi == [[Setshwantsho:Districts of Botswana in 1977.jpg|left|thumb|271x271px|Dikgaolo tsa Botswana ka 1977]] [[Setshwantsho:The Subdistricts of Botswana..png|thumb|221x221px|Dikgaolo le Dikgaolo-Potlana tsa Botswana]] Botswana e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome, dikgaolo tsa toropo di le pedi, ditoropo di le nne,<ref name=":14">[https://www.geonames.org/BW/administrative-division-botswana.html "Administrative Division of Botswana"]. ''geonames.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240223075024/https://www.geonames.org/BW/administrative-division-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> dikgaolopotlana di le lesome le motso mme, ka kakaretso, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome le borataro.<ref name=":14" /> Ba: * Legare * Chobe * Francistown * Gaborone * Ganzi * Jwaneng * Kgalagadi * Kgatleng * Kweneng * Lobatse * Bokone Botlhaba * Bokone Bophirima * Borwa Botlhaba * Borwa * Selibe Phikwe * Toropo ya Sowa<ref name=":14" /> Tseno di tsamaisiwa ke balaodi ba selegae ba le lesome le borataro (makgotla a dikgaolo, makgotla a toropo kgotsa makgotla a toropo).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170606002454/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/ "Botswana Government Ministries & Authorities"]. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/ the original] on 6 June 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.statoids.com/ubw.html "Botswana Districts"]. ''statoids.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812073605/http://www.statoids.com/ubw.html Archived] from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1977, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso ya Botswana e ne e le Ngamiland, Chobe, Francistown, Ngwato, Tuli, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Ngwaketse, Kweneng, Gaborone le Lobatse.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/resource/g8601f.ct002720/ "Botswana, administrative divisions"]. ''Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 United States''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240601053842/https://www.loc.gov/resource/g8601f.ct002720/ Archived] from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Chobe e ne ya tlosiwa mo go nneng karolo ya tsamaiso, mme leina la Ngamiland la fetolwa go nna kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima. Chobe e ne ya busiwa ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ka 2014. Ka lone letsatsi leo, go ne ga tsenngwa gape le dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso tsa Francistown, Gaborone, Jwaneng, Lobatse, Selibe Phikwe, le Toropo ya Sowa.<ref name=":14" /> == Itsholelo == Fa e sale Botswana a bona boipuso, e nnile le nngwe ya dikelo tsa kgolo e e bonako mo lotsenong lwa motho ka bongwe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ "Botswana"]. ''U.S. Department of State''. 20 January 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190604183438/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ Archived] from the original on 4 June 2019.</ref> Pele e ne e le lengwe la mafatshe a a humanegileng thata mo lefatsheng—ka GDP ya motho ka bongwe e e ka nnang US$70 ka ngwaga kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960<ref>Maundeni, Zibani; Mpabanga, Dorothy; Mfundisi, Adam (1 January 2007). [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/ "Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana"]. ''Africa Portal''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031142/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref>—Botswana e iphetotse go nna lefatshe la lotseno lo lo kwa godimo lo lo magareng. GDP ka tlhogo e godile go tswa go $439 ka 1950 go ya go $15,842 ka 2018.<ref>[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maddison-data-gdp-per-capita-in-2011us "GDP per capita"]. ''Our World in Data''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190720172734/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maddison-data-gdp-per-capita-in-2011us Archived] from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Le fa Botswana e ne e na le didirisiwa tse dintsi, letlhomeso le le siameng la setheo le ne la letla lefatshego beeletsa gape lotseno lwa didirisiwa go dira lotseno lo lo tlhomameng lwa isago.<ref>Baten, Jörg (2016). ''A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present''. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. ISBN 9781107507180.</ref> Ka phopholetso nngwe, le na le lotseno lotlhe lwa bosetšhaba lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo mo tekatekanong ya maatla a go reka mo Aforika, se se le nayang maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo mo Aforika, go tsamaelana le a Mexico.<ref>Kästle, Klaus (24 July 2009). [http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm "GNI PPP table"]. Nationsonline.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100115190433/http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm Archived] from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2022, seelo sa letlhoko la ditiro se ne se le kwa go 25.4%, fa letlhoko la ditiro la basha le fitlheletse 45.41% ka 2023.<ref>[https://www.botswanalmo.org.bw/labour_statistics "Labour Statistics | Botswana Labour Market Observatory"]. ''www.botswanalmo.org.bw''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.statista.com/statistics/811692/youth-unemployment-rate-in-botswana/ "Botswana – youth unemployment rate 2004–2023"]. ''Statista''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Tshedimosetso ya bosheng e e leng teng go tswa ka 2015/2016 e fopholetsa gore 17.2% ya baagi ba Botswana ba humanegile ka ditsela tse dintsi, mme 19.7% e nngwe e mo kotsing.<ref>[https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/BWA.pdf "Multidimensional Poverty Index Botswana"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Reports''. 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Lephata la kgwebo le madirelo la Botswana]] le rwele maikarabelo a go rotloetsa [[tlhabololo ya dikgwebo]] lefatshe leo ka bophara. Go ya ka [[Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi]], kgolo ya itsholelo e ne e le palogare ya go feta 9% ka ngwaga go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1999. Botswana e na le maemo a a kwa godimo a kgololesego ya itsholelo fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=99&dir=2007/September/Thursday6/ "Botswana ranked Africa's leader in economic freedom"]. mmegi.bw. 19 May 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170822145230/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=99&dir=2007/September/Thursday6/ Archived] from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Puso e tshegeditse melao e e siameng ya matlole, le fa go ne go na le ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi ka go latelana ka 2002 le 2003, le maemo a a sa reng sepe a dikoloto tsa kwa ntle. Le amogetse tekanyetso e e kwa godimo ya sekoloto sa puso mo Aforika mme e bolokile dipolokelo tsa kananyo ya mafatshe a sele (go feta $7 bilione ka 2005/2006) e e ka nnang dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo tsa diromelwateng tsa ga jaana.<ref>Mugoti, Godfrey (2009). ''Africa (a-z)''. [Place of publication not identified]: Lulu Com. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-4357-2890-5. OCLC 946180025.</ref> Molaomotheo o tlamela ka boatlhodi jo bo ikemetseng, mme puso e tlotla seo mo tirisong. Tsamaiso ya semolao e lekane go dira ditirisano tsa kgwebo tse di sireletsegileng, le fa go salela kwa morago mo go ntseng go oketsega ga dikgetsi go thibela ditsheko ka nako. Botswana e mo maemong a bobedi fela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo mafatsheng a Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara mo International Property Rights Index ya 2014.<ref>[http://internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/countries?r=A&f=ipri&o=desc "The International Property Rights Index 2014: Africa by Score"]. The International Property Rights Index. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141240/http://internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/countries?r=A&f=ipri&o=desc Archived] from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Matlapa le ditswammung tse di tlhwatlhwakgolo === [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]], o o humileng go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://www.mining.com/featured-article/ranked-worlds-richest-diamond-mines/ "RANKED: World's richest diamond mines"]. ''Mining.com''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref>]] Mo Botswana, Lephata la Meepo le Ditswammung, Kgotetse le Tshireletsego ya Maatla le boloka tshedimosetso mabapi le meepo mo lefatsheng lotlhe.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130910164527/http://www.mines.gov.bw/ "Department of Mines"]. 20 July 2007. Archived from [http://www.mines.gov.bw/ the original] on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[http://www.gov.bw/ "The Government of Botswana – Home"]. 9 February 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209200236/http://www.gov.bw/ Archived] from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Debswana]], e leng kompone e kgolo ya [[meepo ya diteemane]] e e dirang mo Botswana, ke kompone e e kopanetsweng, sephatlo sa yone ke ya puso.<ref>[[:en:Joe_Nocera|Nocera, Joe]] (8 August 2008). [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/business/worldbusiness/09nocera.html "Diamonds are Forever in Botswana"]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110829063851/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/business/worldbusiness/09nocera.html Archived] from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Madirelo a diteemane a tlamela ka bokana ka 40% ya lotseno lotlhe lwa puso.<ref>[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/BOTSWANAEXTN/0,,menuPK:322821~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:322804,00.html "Botswana Country Brief"]. World Bank. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090427113006/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/BOTSWANAEXTN/0,,menuPK:322821~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:322804,00.html Archived] from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana ga le ise le simolole go epa uranium; le fa go ntse jalo, Porojeke ya Uranium ya Letlhakane mo Aforika ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa uranium tse di iseng di tlhabololwe.<ref>[https://lotusresources.com.au/projects/letlhakane-overview/ "Letlhakane Overview"]. ''Lotus Resources''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240313041901/https://lotusresources.com.au/projects/letlhakane-overview/ Archived] from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Puso e itsisitse mo tshimologong ya 2009 gore ba tla leka go farologanya itsholelo ya bone le go tila go ikaega thata ka diteemane.<ref>[http://www.11ikc.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2013 "International Kimberlite Conference – Host Country – Botswana"]. ''11ikc.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531230207/http://www.11ikc.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2013 Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Bojanala === [[Setshwantsho:Red-billed oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) on impala (Aepyceros melampus).jpg|thumb|Red-billed oxpecker mo godimo ga phala kwa Chobe.]] [[Mokgatlho wa Bojanala wa Botswana]] ke setlhopha sa bojanala sa semmuso sa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/ "Home | Botswana Tourism Organisation"]. ''www.botswanatourism.co.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240124120158/https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mafelo a mangwe mo Botswana a akaretsa Gaborone Yacht Club le Kalahari Fishing Club. Lefatshe leo le na le dilo tsa tlholego tse di kgatlhang jaaka [[Gaborone dam|letamo la Gaborone]] le [[Mokolodi Nature Reserve|tshireletso ya tlholego ya Mokolodi]]. Go na le [[mabala a golofo]] a Mokgatlho wa Golofo wa Botswana (BGU) o o tlhokomelang.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090808044920/http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/ "Botswana Golf Union (BGU)"]. ''botswanagolfunion.org.bw''. 20 September 2011. Archived from [http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/ the original] on 8 August 2009.</ref> Ka 2014, [[Okavango Delta]] ya Botswana, e leng delta e kgolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng, e ne ya kwalwa jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la sekete.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 "World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana"]. UNESCO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234253/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Mafaratlhatlha === [[Setshwantsho:PSX 20190111 022104.jpg|thumb|180x180px|[[Air Botswana]] 31/12/18]] [[Setshwantsho:Francistown interchange Botswana.png|thumb|220x220px|Thapama Interchange, [[Francistown]], [[Botswana]]]] Botswana e na le diporo tsa dikilometara di le 971, ditsela tsa dikilometara di le 18 443,8 le maemelo a difofane a le masome a ferabongwe le bobedi, mme a le lesome le bobedi a one a na le ditsela tse di didilweng. Mo ditseleng tseo, dikilometara di le 7 383.2 di didilwe, fa dikilometara tse dingwe di le 11 060.6 di sa dilwa.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country "About Our Country § Transport"]. [[:en:Government_of_Botswana|Government of Botswana]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022105828/https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Setlamo sa difofane sa setshaba ke sa [[Air Botswana]], se se fofang mo gae le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe mo Aforika. [[Botswana Railways]] ke kompone ya bosetšhaba ya diterena, e e dirang thata mo thulaganyong ya diterena tsa kgaolo ya Borwa jwa Aforika. Botswana Railways e fa ditiro tsa dipalamo tse di tsamaisang mefuta e e farologanyeng ya ditirelo mo makalaneng a meepo le madirelo , gammogo le ditirelo tsa terena ya bapalami le maemelodikepe a a omileng.<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions/ "Ministry of Transport and Communications"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180729080321/http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions Archived] from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile "Botswana Railways"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232609/http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile Archived] from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa re bua ka mafaratlhatlha a motlakase mo Botswana, lefatshe leo le ntsha magala a motlakase mme le reka oli kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Bosheng jaana, lefatshe le tsere kgatlhego e kgolo mo metsweding ya kgotletso a a ntšhwafadiwang mme e tlhamile leano le le tseneletseng la go ngoka babeeletsi mo madirelong a kgotletsoa a ntšhwafadiwang a phefo, a letsatsi le a biomass. Diteishene tsa motlakase tsa Botswana di akaretsa [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule B]] (600 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule A]] (132 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Orapa]] (90 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Phakalane]] (1.3 MW) le [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Mmamabula]] (300 MW), tseo go lebeletsweng gore di tla nna tsa maranyane mo nakong e sa fediseng pelo. [[Sefetlhamotlakase sa letsatsi]] sa 200-MW se mo kgatong ya go rulaganngwa le go tlhamiwa kwa Lephateng la Meepo, Maranyane le Tshireletsego ya Kgotletso.<ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows "Unusual Tourism ministry solar power plant tender raises eyebrows"]. ''Sunday Standard''. Gaborone. 3 December 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028231344/https://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows/ Archived] from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232514/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=1253&dir=2012/June/Friday22/ "Botswana – energy sector overview"]. ''mmegi.bw''. 22 June 2012. Archived from [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=1253&dir=2012/June/Friday22/ the original] on 21 January 2019.</ref> Lefatshe ja Botswana le ntse le nosiwa mêtse ke makalana a a farologaneng mô dingwagêng difetileng. Water Utilities Corporation e ntse e nosa ditorôpô le ditorôpôkgolo. Mô godimo ga môo, kômpône êno, e ntse e tshwaragane le Lephata ja Mêtse le Dikhansele tsa Dikgaolô ka bokete jwa mêtse go abiwa le mafelo a mangwê a lefatshe leno. Maikaêlêlô a Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse ke go rarabolola ditsamaisô tsêno marara, go bêng jalo go nne bonôlô go isa mêtse kwa bathung.Eeng sê se tlamilêng gore go diragadiwê Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse? Kanokô ya Lenanêôlegolo ja Setshaba ja Phatlalatsô Mêtse ja 2005-2006, le ne la re go diriwê diphêtogôdigolo mô mhamêng wa mêtse, mme dingwe tsa tsônê e le gore, go kgaoganngwê tsamaisô ya mhama wa mêtse le makalana a mangwê a a thusang ka ditirêlô. Morago ga dikanokô tsêo, ba ne ba gakolola gore Water Utilities Corporation e tsêyê tsamaisô yôtlhê ya go nosa lefatshe jêno<ref>www.mmewr.gov.bw/downloads/download.php?dir</ref>. ==Dipalopalo== Go tloga ka 2024, [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] ke morafe o o nang le bontsi mo Botswana, ba dira mo e ka nnang 79% ya baagi, ba latelwa ke [[Bakalaka|Ba-Kalanga]] ka 11% le [[Basarwa|Ba-San]] (Basarwa) ka 3%. 7% e e setseng e na le [[Batswana ba Basweu]]/Batswana ba Yuropa,<ref name=":2" /> [[Makula|Maindia]],<ref name=":2" /> le palo ya merafe e mengwe e mennye ya Borwa jwa Aforika. Ditlhopha tsa tlholego di akaretsa [[Bayeyi|Bayei]], Bambukushu, [[Basubia]], Baherero le [[Bakgalagadi]]. Batho ba bannye ba Maindia ba bopilwe ke bafaladi ba bsheng le ditlogolwana tsa bafaladi ba Maindia ba ba gorogileng go tswa kwa [[Mozambique]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Mauritius]] le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://www.med.upenn.edu/radiationoncologymedicalresidency/assets/user-content/documents/Botwana%20Handbook.pdf "Botswana U-PENN Partnership"] (PDF). p. 10. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531100746/https://www.med.upenn.edu/radiationoncologymedicalresidency/assets/user-content/documents/Botwana%20Handbook.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Bevölkerungspyramide Botswana 2016.png|thumb|220x220px|Pyramid ya baagi ba Botswana, 2016]] Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2000, ka ntlha ya go senyega ga maemo a itsholelo kwa [[Zimbabwe]], palo ya [[batho ba Zimbabwe kwa Botswana]] e tlhatlogetse go nna dikete di le masomesome.<ref>[https://zimbabwe.iom.int/news/zimbabwe-diaspora-botswana-commends-goz-engagement-efforts-acknowledges-iom-support#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to,financial%20services%20among%20other%20sectors. "Zimbabwe diaspora in Botswana commends GoZ engagement efforts, acknowledges IOM support"]. ''IOM Zimbabwe''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230925164056/https://zimbabwe.iom.int/news/zimbabwe-diaspora-botswana-commends-goz-engagement-efforts-acknowledges-iom-support#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to,financial%20services%20among%20other%20sectors. Archived] from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Batho ba ba kwa tlase ga dikete tse some [[Basarwa|ba San]] ba santse ba tshela mokgwa wa bona wa botshelo wa setso wa [[go tsoma le go kgetla]]. Go tloga ka bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, puso ya bogareng ya Botswana e ntse e leka go ntsha Basarwa mo mafatsheng a bona a ditso, gongwe ka gonne ba nna mo kgaolong e e humileng ka diteemane.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160808232807/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html "African Bushmen Tour U.S. to Fund Fight for Land"]. ''National Geographic''. 9 September 2004. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html the original] on 8 August 2016.</ref> Ka 2010, [[James Anaya]], jaaka Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng ka ga seemo sa ditshwanelo tsa setho le dikgololesego tsa motheo tsa batho ba tlholego mo Lekgotleng la Ditshaba, o tlhalositse go latlhegelwa ke lefatshe jaaka seabe se segolo mo mathateng a mantsi a batho ba tlholego ba Botswana ba lebaneng le one, a nopola go ntshiwa ga Basarwa kwa [[Central CKGR Game Reserve]] (CKGR)<ref>[https://kubwafive-safaris.com/visit-central-kalahari-game-reserve-in-botswana/ "Visit Central Kalahari Game Reserve In Botswana"]. ''Kubwa Five Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201027071139/https://kubwafive-safaris.com/visit-central-kalahari-game-reserve-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> e le sekai se se kghethegileng.<ref name=":15">Anaya, James (2 June 2010). [http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana] (PDF) (Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181006041536/http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref>^:2 Gareng ga dikgakololo tsa ga Anaya mo pegong e e yang kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla La Ditshaba e ne e le gore mananeo a tlhabololo a tshwanetse go rotloetsa, ka go rerisana le merafe ya tlholego jaaka batho ba San le Bakgalagadi, ditiro tse di tsamaelanang le setso sa merafe eo jaaka ditiro tsa setso tsa go tsoma le go kokoanya^{<ref name=":15" />:19} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="10" |Ditoropo tse dikgolo mo Botswana Palobatho ya Botswana 2022 |- !Rank !Leina !Kgaolo !Palo ya batho !Rank !Leina !Kgaolo !Palo ya batho |- |1 |[[Gaborone]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]] |246,325 |11 |[[Kanye]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Borwa]] |48,028 |- |2 |[[Francistown]] |[[Kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba|Bokone-Botlhaba]] |103,417 |12 |[[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |42,488 |- |3 |[[Mogoditshane]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]] |88,006 |13 |[[Letlhakane]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |36,338 |- |4 |[[Maun]] |[[Kgaolo ya Bokone-Bophirima|Bokone-Bophirima]] |84,993 |14 |[[Ramotswa]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]] |33,271 |- |5 |[[Molepolole]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]] |74,674 |15 |[[Lobatse]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]] |29,772 |- |6 |[[Serowe]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |55,676 |16 |[[Mmopane]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]] |25,345 |- |7 |[[Tlokweng]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]] |55,508 |17 |[[Thamaga]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]] |25,297 |- |8 |[[Palapye]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |52,636 |18 |[[Moshupa]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Borwa]] |23,858 |- |9 |[[Mochudi]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgatleng]] |50,317 |19 |[[Tonota]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |23,296 |- |10 |[[Mahalapye]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |48,431 |20 |[[Bobonong]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |21,216 |} === Diteme === Teme ya semmuso mo Botswana ke Sekgoa, mme ê e buiwang thata mô Botswana ke [[Setswana]],<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country "About Our Country"]. ''Gov.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022105828/https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Botswana o na le merafe e le mmalwa go ralala lefatshe, e e kopanetsweng e le Batswana. Puo ya semmuso ke Sekgowa mme Setswana ke puo ya setshaba, le fa go na le dipuo tse dingwe tse di buiwang."</ref> ke sônê se golaganyang merafe ê farologanyeng go utlwana. Mo Setswaneng, ditlhongwa di botlhokwa go gaisa ka fa di leng ka teng mo dipuong tse dingwe tse dintsi, ka gonne Setswana ke [[puo ya Bantu]] mme e na le ditlhopha tsa maina tse di supiwang ke ditlhongwa tse. Di akaretsa ''Bo'', e e kayang lefatshe, ''Ba'', e e kayang batho, ''Mo'', e e leng motho a le mongwe, le ''Se'' e e leng puo. Sekai, morafe o mogolo wa Botswana ke morafe wa Tswana, ke ka moo leina la Botswana le bidiwang lefatshe la teng. Batho ka kakaretso ke Batswana, motho a le mongwe ke Motswana, mme puo e ba e buang ke Setswana.<ref>[https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/cultural-people-botswana.html "Culture and Traditions of Botswana"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240421205122/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/cultural-people-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/tswana "South African History Online"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240203180415/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/tswana Archived] from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka gore go merafe ê e farologanyeng, Botswana o nale diteme tsê dingwe tsê di buiwang ke merafe êo, jaaka: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Teme !! Morafe |- | Sesarwa || [[Basarwa|Barwa]] |- |Sekgôthu |[[Bakgôthu]] |- | Sebirwa || <small>[[Babirwa]]</small> |- | Sesubiya || [[Basubiya]] |- | Sekalaka || [[Bakalaka]] |- | Sekgalagadi || [[Bakgalagadi]] |- | Sehambukushu || [[Bahambukushu]] |- | Seherero || [[Baherero]] |- | Sengwato || [[Bangwato]] |- | Setswapong || [[Batswapong]] |} === Tumelo === Go fopholediwa gore 77% ya baagi ba naga ba itlhaola e le Bakeresete. [[Ma-Anglican]], [[Ma-Methodist]] le [[Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Borwa jwa Aforika]] ke bontsi jwa mekgatlho ya Bokeresete. Gape lefatshe le le na le diphuthego tsa: * [[Bolutere]] * [[Kolobetso]] * [[Kereke ya Roma]] * [[Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo]] * [[Kereke ya Dutch Reformed]] * [[Mennonites]] * [[Badumedi ba Sabata]] * [[Basupi ba ga Jehofa]] * [[Kereke ya Orthodox ya Serbia]] Go ya ka palo ya batho ya 2001, setšhaba seo se na le [[Muslims]] ba ka nnadikete tse tlhano (bogolo jang ba ba tswang kwa Asia Borwa), [[Bahindu]] ba le dikete tse tharo le ba le makgolo a supa ba [[Tumelo ya Baháʼí]]. Mo e ka nnang 20% ​​ya baagi ba itshupa [[ba se na bodumedi]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190527/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/botswana/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=20100 "Botswana"]. ''Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project''. 2010. Archived from [http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/botswana/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=20100 the original] on 16 December 2013.</ref> === Botsogo === Tsamaiso ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo ya Botswana e ntse e tokafala le go atologa ka iketlo.<ref name=":16">[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition "Health and nutrition"]. ''unicef.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220331124951/https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition Archived] from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka tlhamalalo, dikelo tsa dintsho tsa masea le tsa baimana di ntse di fokotsega ka iketlo.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ "Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"]. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240208191649/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ Archived] from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Diperesente di le masome a ferabobedi le botlhano tsa baagi ba nna mo lefelong la botsogo la dikilometara di le tlhano. Diperesente di le masome a supa le boraro tsa basadi ba ba imileng ba fitlhelela ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya pele ga pelegi bonnye makgetlho a le mane. Mo e ka nnang diperesente di le lekgolo tsa matsalo mo Botswana a diragala kwa dikokelong.<ref name=":16" /> [[Setshwantsho:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 228.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Scottish Livingstone Hospital]] kwa [[Molepolole]]]] Lephata la Botsogo<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ "Ministry of Health"]. Archived from [http://www.moh.gov.bw/ the original] on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> mo Botswana le na le maikarabelo a go okamela boleng le kabo ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. [[Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng]] fa ngwana a tsholwa e ne e le masome matlhano le botlhano ka 2009 go ya ka World Bank, e e neng e wetse tlase go tswa mo setlhoeng sa masome marataro le bone le sephatlo sa 0.1 ka 1990 go ya kwa tlase kwa go masome mane le boferabongwe ka 2002.<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/country/botswana "World Bank Botswana Data"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110709120507/http://data.worldbank.org//country//botswana Archived] from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa e sale ka palobatho ya Botswana ya 2011, dingwaga tsa ga jaana tsa botshelo di fopholediwa go nna dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bone le .06.<ref name=":2" /> [[Mokgatlho wa Kankere mo Botswana|Mokgatlho wa kankere wa Botswana]] ke mokgatlho wa boithaopo o e seng wa puso o o leng leloko la lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la taolo ya kankere. Mokgatlho o tlaleletsa ditirelo tse di leng teng ka go tlamela ka mananeo a thibelo ya kankere le go tsibosa ka boitekanelo, go tlhofofatsa phitlhelelo ya ditirelo tsa botsogo tsa balwetse ba kankere le go neelana ka tshegetso le kgakololo mo go ba ba amegang.<ref>[http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana "Cancer Association of Botswana"]. Union for International Cancer Control. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130528080003/http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana Archived] from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Maduo a Botswana a 2024 a Global Hunger Index (GHI) ke 20.7.<ref>[https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html "Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank"]. ''Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Segajaja sa HIV/AIDS === [[Setshwantsho:Life expectancy in select African countries, 1950–2019.jpg|thumb|290x290px|Tebelelo ya botshelo mo mafatsheng a a tlhophilweng a Borwa jwa Aforika, 1950–2019. [[HIV/AIDS]] e dirile gore dingwaga tsa botshelo di fokotsege.]] Fela jaaka mo mafelong a mangwe mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara, [[manokonoko a AIDS mo itsholelong]] a magolo thata. Ditshenyegelo tsa tlhabololo ya itsholelo di ne tsa fokodiwa ka 10% ka 2002–2003 ka ntlha ya ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi tse di ipoeletsang le ditshenyegelo tse di tlhatlogang mo ditirelong tsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le amilwe thata ke [[segajaja sa AIDS]]; ka 2006, go ne ga fopholediwa gore dingwaga tsa botshelo fa motho a tsholwa di ne di wetse tlase go tswa go dingwaga di le masome marataro le botlhano go ya go di le masome mararo le botlhano.<ref>Kallings, LO (2008). [[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|"The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS"]]. ''J Intern Med''. '''263''' (3): 218–243. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18205765 18205765]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205339589 205339589].</ref> Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng ke dingwaga di le masome marataro le borataro le.4 go tloga ka 2024.<ref name=":2" /> Ka 2003, puso e ne ya simolola thulaganyo e e tseneletseng e e neng e akaretsa melemo ya mahala kgotsa e e tlhwatlhwatlase ya [[antiretroviral]] mmogo le letsholo la tshedimosetso le le diretsweng go emisa go anama ga mogare ono; ka 2013, go feta 40% ya bagolo kwa Botswana ba ne ba kgona go bona kalafi ya diritibatsi.<ref name=":17">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160620173755/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/unaids_gap_report_en.pdf "The Gap Report"] (PDF). Geneva: UN AIDS. 2014. Archived from [http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf the original] (PDF) on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref>^{: 28} Mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga di le 15–19, go anama go ne go fopholediwa go 6% mo basading le 3.5% mo banneng ka 2013,<ref name=":17" />^:33, mme mo setlhopheng sa 20–24, 15% mo basading le 5% mo banneng.<ref name=":17" />^:33 Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le motso a a tlang pele a a supilweng ke setlhopha sa AIDS sa UN ka 2011 mo Leanong la Lefatshe Lotlhe go fedisa dipalo tse disha HIV mo baneng le go boloka bomme ba bone gore ba tshele.<ref name=":17" />^:38 Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya palo ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano. Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba tshwaeditsweng ke HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya phokotsego ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga tse tlhano.<ref name=":17" />^:39,40 Mo mafatsheng a Leano la Lefatshe Lotlhe la UN, batho ba ba tshelang ka HIV kwa Botswana ke bone ba ba amogelang kalafi ya diritibatsi ka diperesente tse di kwa godimo: e ka nna 75% mo bagolong (dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta) le e ka nna 98% mo baneng.<ref name=":17" />^:237 Lefatshe le amilwe thata ke [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana|segajaja sa HIV/AIDS]]. Ka 2002, Botswana e nnile lefatshe la ntlha go aba ka [[melemo ya anti-retroviral]] (ARVs) go thusa go lwantsha leroborobo leo.<ref>Rollnick, Roman (September 2002). [https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/botswanas-high-stakes-assault-aids "Botswana's high-stakes assault on AIDS"]. ''[[:en:Africa_Renewal|Africa Renewal]]''. '''16''' (10). United Nations: 6–9. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12458550 12458550]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230113083425/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/botswanas-high-stakes-assault-aids Archived] from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Le fa go ne ga simololwa mananeo a go dira gore kalafi e nne teng le go ruta batho ka segajaja se,<ref>Powell, Alvin (16 April 2009). [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/04/mogae-shifts-stress-to-hiv-prevention/ "Mogae shifts stress to HIV prevention"]. ''[[:en:Harvard_Gazette|Harvard Gazette]]''. [[:en:Harvard_University|Harvard University]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329064055/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/04/mogae-shifts-stress-to-hiv-prevention/ Archived] from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> palo ya batho ba ba nang le AIDS e ne ya tlhatloga go tswa go 290 000 ka 2005 go ya go 320 000 ka 2013.<ref name=":17" />^:A20 Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingagweng tse di sa tswang go feta, lefatshe le dirile diphithelelo tse di bonalang mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS, ka maiteko a a dirwang go tlamela ka kalafi e e siameng le go fokotsa seelo sa phetisetso ya mogare go tswa mo go mmangwana go ya kwa leseeng.<ref>[https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/december/emtct_botswana "Botswana is first country with severe HIV epidemic to reach key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission"]. Brazzaville: UN AIDS. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731120716/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/december/emtct_botswana Archived] from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|"Partnership for Success: CDC and Botswana Lead Progress Toward HIV Epidemic Control"]]. [[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]. 30 September 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329064059/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhivtb/who-we-are/success-stories/success-story-pages/partnership-for-success.html Archived] from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka lenaneo la lefatshe ka bophara la Thibelo ya Phetiso ya HIV go tswa go Mmangwana go ya kwa Leseeng, Botswana e fokoditse phetiso ya HIV go tswa mo go bomme ba ba nang le mogare go ya kwa baneng ba bone go tswa mo go kanna ka 40% ka 2003 go ya go 4% ka 2010. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Festus Mogae]], puso ya Botswana e ne ya kopa thuso ya kwa ntle mo go fodiseng batho ba ba nang le HIV/ AIDS mme ya bona thuso ka bonako go tswa go [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] le Mokgatlho wa Merck, o mmogo o neng wa bopa African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP). Balekane ba bangwe ba ntlha ba akaretsa [[Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute]] ya [[Sekolo sa Harvard sa Boitekanelo jwa Setšhaba]] le Tirisanommogo ya Botswana–UPenn ya [[Yunibesithi ya Pennsylvania]]. Go ya ka Pego ya UNAIDS ya 2011, phitlhelelo ya kalafi mo lefatsheng lotlhe—e e tlhalosiwang jaaka 80% kgotsa go feta—e fitlheletswe mo Botswana.<ref>''[http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf World AIDS Day Report]'' (PDF), UNAIDS, 2011, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013, retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Setso == [[Setshwantsho:Tomeletso Seeretsi.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Tomeletso Sereetsi wa Sereetsi & The Natives a diragatsa kwa Maitisong Theatre mo Gaborone. Setshwantsho ka Thalefang Charles]] [[Setshwantsho:Tswana Small Basket.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Tlatlana ya Setswana]] Mmino wa Botswana bontsi ke wa lentswe le go diragadiwa, fa gongwe go sena meropa go ikaegile ka moletlo; gape o dirisa thata diletswa tsa megala. Mmino wa setso wa Botswana o na le diletswa jaaka setinkane (mofuta wa piano e nnye), segankure/segaba (mofuta wa seletswa sa Setšhaena sa [[erhu]]), moropa (''meropa'' go kaya bontsi) le phala (phala e e dirisiwang thata ka nako ya meletlo). Diatla ka dinako tse dingwe di dirisiwa jaaka diletswa tsa mmino le tsone, ka go opa diatla mmogo kgotsa kgatlhanong le ''phathisi'' (letlalo la podi le le retolotsweng ka fa teng le le phuthetsweng mo lefelong la potongwane, le dirisiwa fela ke banna) go tlhama mmino le moribo. Pina ya setshaba ke "[[Fatshe leno la rona]]", e e kwadilweng le go tlhamiwa ke [[Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete]]; e ne ya amogelwa fa go ne go bonwa boipuso ka 1966.<ref>Makgala, Christian John (3 July 2014). "Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''66''' (3): 504–520. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582473.2014.898081|10.1080/02582473.2014.898081]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0258-2473 0258-2473]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159475736 159475736].</ref><ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/31255 "Welcome to Daily News .:. General - Birth of nation"]. ''dailynews.gov.bw''. [https://archive.today/20200126140631/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=31255 Archived] from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html "Botswana Music"]. ''KnowBotswana''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200321163524/http://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html Archived] from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Kwa bokone jwa Botswana, bomme ba metse ya Etsha le [[Gumare]] ba itsege ka botswerere jwa bone jwa go dira diroto ka [[setlhare sa mokola]] le [[mebala]] ya selegae. Diroto ka kakaretso di logwa ka mefuta e meraro: mebanki e megolo e e nang le dikhurumelo e e dirisediwang go boloka; ditlatlana tse dikgolo tse di bulegileng tsa go rwala dilo mo tlhogong kgotsa tsa go hehera mabele a a photlhilweng; le ditshelo tse dinnye tsa go hehera mabele a a thugilweng. Diroto tse di dirisa mmala ka tlhomamo.<ref>[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFCunninghamMilton1987|Cunningham & Milton 1987]].</ref> Ditshwantsho tsa bogologolo go tswa kwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa di bontsha ditshwantsho tsa go tsoma, diphologolo le batho, mme di dirilwe ke Bakhoisan (Kung San/Bushmen) dingwaga di feta dikete tse masome mabedi tse di fetileng mo teng ga [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]].<ref>[http://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/4/post/2017/05/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art.html "An Introduction to Bushman Rock Art"]. ''VISIONARY ART EXHIBITION''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/archaic-visions/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Dijo === Dijo tsa bosetšhaba ke [[Nama ya Seswaa|seswaa]], nama e e thugilweng e e dirilweng ka nama ya podi kgotsa ya kgomo, kgotsa nama e e omisitsweng, e e fodisitsweng ya [[Segwapa]] go simolola ka nama ya kgomo go ya go nama ya diphologolo, e ka nna di-fillet tsa nama tse di segilweng go nna megalanyana go tsamaya ka meralo ya mesifa, kgotsa dikarolo tse di sephaphathi tse di segilweng go kgabaganya moralo. Dijo tsa Botswana di na le setshwano sengwe le dijo tse dingwe tsa borwa jwa Aforika.<ref>[https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html "The Food of Botswana – Traditional Botswana Cuisine"]. ''botswana.co.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230106140404/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Dikai tsa dijo tsa Botswana ke: [[bogobe]], [[phaletshe]] (bogobe jwa mmidi), [[Boerewors|boroso]], [[setampa]], [[Magwinya]] le [[phane]]. Bogobe bo dirwa ka go tsenya boupi jwa mabele, mmidi kgotsa lebelebele mo metsing a a belang, bo bo bo fuduiwa go nna motogo o o boleta, mme bo apewe ka iketlo. Sejo se se bidiwang ''ting'' se dirwa fa mashi le sukiri di tsenngwa mo mabelen kgotsa mmiding o o bedisitsweng. Ting e e senang mashi le sukiri ka dinako tse dingwe e jewa ka nama kgotsa merogo ka nako ya dijo tsa motshegare kgotsa tsa maitseboa. Tsela e nngwe ya go dira bogobe ke go tsenya madila le lerotse. Morafe wa Kalanga o bitsa sejo seno ''thopi''. Madila a diriwa ka mashi a a bedisitsweng a setso a a tshwanang le [[yogurt]] kgotsa [[sour cream]].<ref>Ohenhen, Regina; Imarenezor, E.P.K; Kihuha, A.N. (2013), [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533 "Microbiome of madila – a southern-african fermented milk product"], ''International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences'', vol. 2 (2) (2013) 170–175, [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180657/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533_Microbiome_of_madila_-_a_southern-african_fermented_milk_product archived] from the original on 4 June 2024, retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Metshameko === [[Setshwantsho:Francistown Stadium Botswana.jpg|thumb|210x210px|[[Obed Itani Chilume Stadium|Lebala la Metshameko la Obed Itani Chilume]]]] [[Kgwele ya dinao]] ke motshameko o o tumileng thata mo Botswana. Go iponela phatlha go ya kwa Sejaneng sa Ditšhabatšhaba sa Aforika sa 2012 ke phitlhelelo e e kwa godimo ya setlhopha sa bosetšhaba go fitlha ga jaana. Metshameko e mengwe e e ratwang ke softball, [[cricket]], tennis, [[rugby]], badminton, [[handball]], golf le mabelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090114095524/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 "Sparks to fly at Diamond"]. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). 26 January 2006. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 the original] on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003050400/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 "Opinion the Academic World"]. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 the original] on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana ke leloko le le tshwaraganeng le Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Kirikete. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la nna leloko la lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la Badminton le la Africa Badminton Federation ka ngwaga wa 1991. Lekgotla la [[Botswana Golf Union]] le na le liki ya batshameki ba golofo ba ba sa itseng go le kalo e mo go yone batshameki ba golofo ba gaisanang mo dikgaisanyong le mo dikgaisanong tsa bommampodi. Motabogi [[Nijel Amos]] o ne a gapela Botswana setsele sa ntlha sa diolimpiki ka 2012, a tsaya [[selefera]] mo lebelong la dimitara di le 800. Ka ngwaga wa 2011, [[Amantle Montsho]] o ne a nna [[mmampodi wa lefatshe]] mo lobelong lwa dimitara di le makgolo a mane mme a ikgapela sekgele sa ntlha sa Botswana sa mabelo mo maemong a lefatshe. Motlodi wa high jump [[Kabelo Kgosiemang]] ke [[mmampodi wa Aforika]] makgetlho a le mararo. [[Isaac Makwala]] ke motabogi yo o itsegeng ka dimitara di le 400 yo e neng e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa gauta kwa Metshamekong ya Mafatshe a Selekane ka 2018. [[Baboloki Thebe]] e ne e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa selefera mo dimitara di le 200 kwa Diolimpiking tsa Basha tsa Selemo tsa 2014 mme o ne a fitlha kwa makgaolakgannyeng kwa 2014 World Junior Championships mo mabelong. [[Ross Branch|Ross Branch Ross]], mokgweetsi wa dithuthuthu, o tshotse maemo a ntlha mo Bommampoding ba Aforika Borwa ba Kgabaganyo ya Lefatshe mme o kile a gaisana kwa [[Dakar Rally]]. [[Letsile Tebogo]] o tlhomile rekoto ya lefatshe ya basha mo dimitara di le 100 ka nako ya 9.94 kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa Mabelo tsa 2022,<ref>Ramsay, George (4 October 2022). [https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html "Teenage sprinter Letsile Tebogo wants to be remembered as an athletics great"]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240701143613/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> mme, go tloga ka 2024, o na le nako ya boraro e e gaisang mo lefatsheng ya dimitara di le 100 le dimitara di le 300 ya metsotswana e le 30.69.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 "Letsile TEBOGO | Profile | World Athletics"]. ''worldathletics.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418081510/https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 Archived] from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe a supa 2021, Botswana e ne ya gapa seetsele sa bronze mo kgaisanong ya Banna ya dimitara di le 4 × 400 kwa Diolimpiking kwa Tokyo. Botswana e nnile setšhaba sa ntlha sa Aforika go tshegetsa Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Basha sa Bolotloa.<ref>[http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm "Botswana ready to host Netball World Youth Cup – Xinhua | English.news.cn"]. ''big5.news.cn''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531003008/http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 "Netball World Youth Cup Gaborone 2017 | NWYC2017"]. 22 July 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe a ferabobedi 2024, Letsile Tebogo o ne a gapa seetsele sa gauta wsa ntlha sa Botswana sa Diolimpiki tsa Diolimpiki tsa 2024 kwa Paris morago ga go fetsa mo maemong a ntlha mo [[Makgaolakgang a banna a 200m|makgaolakgannyeng a banna a 200m]], a fetsa ka nako ya metsotswana e le 19.46.<ref>[https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/letsile-tebogo-stuns-american-trio-200m-olympic-gold-paris "Letsile Tebogo stuns American trio for 200m Olympic gold in Paris | NBC Olympics"]. ''www.nbcolympics.com''. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Motshameko wa dikarata wa [[bridge]] o na le balatedi ba ba nonofileng; o ne wa tshamekiwa la ntlha mo Botswana dingwaga di ka nna masome mane tse di fetileng, mme wa gola ka go tuma ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Barutabana ba le bantsi ba dikolo tsa batswakwa ba Borithane ba ne ba ruta motshameko ono ka tsela e e sa rulaganngwang kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa Botswana. Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Bridge (BBF) o tlhomilwe ka 1988. Bridge o ntse o a ratwa mme BBF e na le maloko a a fetang makgolo a ferabobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm "Botswana Bridge Federation"]. Botswana National Sports Council. Archived from [http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm the original] on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2007, BBF e ne ya laletsa [[Mokgatlho wa Bridge wa Seesemane]] go tshwara thulaganyo ya go ruta ya beke yotlhe ka Motsheganong 2008.<ref>[http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm "English Bridge Union"]. English Bridge Union. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm Archived] from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Thuto == [[Setshwantsho:University of Botswana 20200310.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Sekolo sa legare sa Mmadikolo wa Botswana e supa lefelo la Baithuti]] [[Setshwantsho:University of Botswana, Library 20200321.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Mo motlobong wa dibuka kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]]]] Botswana e nnile le kgatelopele mo thutong fa e sale e bona boipuso ka 1966 fa go ne go na le dialogane tsa diyunibesithi di le masome mabedi le bobedi fela mo lefatsheng<ref>[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFDionne2016|Dionne 2016]].</ref> le gape phesente e nnye thata ya baagi e e neng e tsena sekolo se segolwane. Botswana e okeditse seelo sa yone sa batho ba bagolo ba ba itseng go bala le go kwala go tswa go 69% ka 1991 go ya go 83% ka 2008.<ref name=":18">[http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ "UNESCO Institute for Statistics"]. UNESCO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725065836/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ Archived] from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo mafatsheng a Aforika a a kwa borwa jwa Sahara, Botswana e na le nngwe ya dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa go itse go bala le go kwala.<ref name=":19">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/literacy/ "Literacy – The World Factbook"]. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401014237/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/literacy/ Archived] from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2024, 88.5% ya baagi ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ne ba kgona go bala le go kwala mme ba ne ba itse go bala le go kwala ka go latelana.<ref name=":19" /> [[Lephata la Thuto la Botswana]]<ref>[https://archive.today/20120804205657/http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10 "Ministry of Education and Skills Development: Home"]. Moe.gov.bw. 27 July 2011. Archived from [http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10 the original] on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> le berekela go tlhoma metlobo ya dibuka mo dikolong tse di potlana ka tirisanommogo le [[African Library Project]].<ref>[http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education "Library Partner – Botswana Ministry of Education"]. Africanlibraryproject.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903102928/http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education Archived] from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Puso ya Botswana]] e solofela gore go beeletsa karolo e kgolo ya lotseno lwa bosetšhaba mo thutong go tla dira gore lefatshe le se ka la ikaega thata ka diteemane go tshela mo itsholelong ya yone, mme e se ka ya ikaega thata ka batswakwa go bona badiri ba yone ba ba nang le bokgoni.<ref name=":20">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191627/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA "UNESCO-UNEVOC's Botswana profile"]. UNESCO. Archived from [http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA the original] on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> NPVET ((National Policy on Vocational Education and Training) e simolodisitse melawana e e tshegetsang thuto ya tiro ya diatla.<ref name=":20" /> Botswana e beeletsa 21% ya madi a puso e a dirisa mo thutong.<ref name=":18" /> Ka Firikgong 2006, Botswana e ne ya itsise go tsenngwa gape ga dituediso tsa sekolo morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa thuto ya mahala ya puso,<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4601360.stm "Botswana brings back school fees"]. ''BBC News''. 11 January 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203014610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm Archived] from the original on 3 February 2006.</ref> le fa puso e santse e tlamela ka dithuso tsa madi a go ithuta ka botlalo le ditshenyegelo tsa go tshela go moagi mongwe le mongwe wa Botswana yo o kwa yunibesithing, e ka tswa e le kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]] kgotsa, fa moithuti a eletsa go tswelela ka thuto e e feletseng e e seyong mo gae, ba neelwa thuso ya madi a go ithuta kwa moseja.<ref>[https://www.collegescholarships.org/scholarships/country/botswana.htm "Scholarship Funding to Study in Botswana"]. ''collegescholarships.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240601060607/https://www.collegescholarships.org/scholarships/country/botswana.htm Archived] from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Tsa maranyane === [[Setshwantsho:Lady Physicist.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Physicist mo laboratoring kwa [[Botswana International University of Science and Technology]]]] Ka 2015, Botswana e ne ya rulaganya go dirisa tsa maranyane go kabakanya itsholelo ya yone mme ka jalo e fokotse go ikaega ga yone ka meepo ya diteemane.<ref name=":21">''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 546–547. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1|978-92-3-100129-1]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170322210919/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana e phatlaladitse ''Melawana ya yone ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane'' ka 2011, mo teng ga porojeke ya UNESCO e e tshegediwang ke Setheo sa Spain sa Tirisanommogo le Tlhabololo ya Boditšhabatšhaba (AECID). Melawana e e tlhamilwe mo ditokomaneng tsa togamaano tse di akaretsang ''Leano la Bosetšhaba la Tlhabololo la Botswana la 2016'' le ''Tebelopele ya 2016''.<ref name=":21" /> ''Melawana ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane'' (2011) e beile seelo sa go tlhatlosa ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa selegae mo [[Dipatlisiso le ditlhabololo|dipatlisisong le tlhabololong]] (R&D) go tswa go 0.26% ya GDP ka 2012 go ya go feta 2% ya GDP ka 2016. Seelo se se ka fitlhelelwa fela mo nakong e e beilweng ka go tlhatlosa tiriso ya madi a setšhaba mo R&D.<ref name=":21" /> Botswana e na le nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa babatlisisi mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara: makgolo a mararo le masome a mane le bone mo baaging ba le sedikadike (ka dipalo tsa ditlhogo), fa go bapisiwa le palogare ya masome a ferabongwe le motso mo baaging ba le sedikadike ba kontinentepotlana ka 2013.<ref name=":21" /> Botswana e ne e le mo maemong a bo masome a ferabobedi le bosupa mo [[Global Innovation Index]] ka 2024.<ref>[[:en:World_Intellectual_Property_Organization|World Intellectual Property Organization]] (2024). ''[https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship]''. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 18. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.34667/tind.50062|10.34667/tind.50062]]. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2009, kompone e e kwa Botswana ya Deaftronics e ne ya simolola sedirisiwa se se thusang go utlwa se se dirisang maatla a letsatsi morago ga dingwaga di le thataro se ntse se dira sekao sa sone. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, Deaftronics e setse e rekisitse didirisiwa tse di fetang dikete tse lesome tse di thusang go utlwa. Sediriswa sengwe le sengwe se se thusang go utlwa se tlhwatlhwa ya $100 se le sengwe, se akaretsa dibeteri di le nne tse di tšhajiwang (tse di tsayang dingwaga di le tharo) le tšhajara ya letsatsi e e dirisiwang mo go tsone. Sedirisiwa se ga se ture fa se bapisiwa le didirisiwa tse dintsi tse di tshwanang, tse di ka simololang ka bokana ka $600.<ref>[https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/ "Botswana's hearing aid pioneers are betting on solar power to go global"]. ''Quartz Africa''. 6 July 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205421/https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana "Solar Powered Hearing Aids, Botswana"]. ''deutschland.de''. 2 June 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205130/https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2011, Lephata la Botswana la Dipatlisiso tsa Temo-thuo (DAR) le ne la ntsha dikgomo tsa Musi, tse di diretsweng go tokafatsa boleng jwa nama ya kgomo. Jaaka motswako wa mefuta ya [[Kgomo ya Tswana|Tswana]], [[Bonsmara]], [[Brahman]], [[Tuli]] le [[Simmental]],<ref>Kgathileng, Tebogo (27 July 2015). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/21751 "Dept pleads for marketing of Musi"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. [https://archive.today/20200520115011/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=21751 Archived] from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> go solofelwa gore motswako o tla lebisa kwa go ntsheng nama ya kgomo e e oketsegileng.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=166&dir=2011%2FSeptember%2FThursday8%2F "Hardy breed named Musi at unveiling"]. ''mmegi.bw''. 6 August 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013727/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=166&dir=2011/September/Thursday8/ Archived] from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Setheo sa Botswana sa Dipatlisiso le Boitshimololedi sa Maranyane (BITRI) se ne sa tlhama sedirisiwa sa go tlhatlhoba [[bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo]] ka bonako ka tirisanommogo le Setheo sa Mekento sa Botswana le Setheo sa Tlhatlhobo ya Dijo sa Canada. Sediriswa se se tlhamilweng kwa Botswana se dira gore go kgonege go tlhatlhoba bolwetse mo lefelong.<ref>[http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html "BITRI Develops Rapid Foot and Mouth Disease Test Kit"]. ''rapidmicromethods.com''. 20 December 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013809/http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html?m=1 Archived] from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Thulaganyo ya [[Square Kilometre Array]] (SKA) ([[MeerKAT]]) e na le dijana le dieriele di le diketekete tse di anameng mo dikgaolong tse dikgolo tse di golagantsweng mmogo go bopa thelesekoupo e le nngwe e kgolo. Dijana tse dingwe di tlaa bo di le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe a robabobedi a Aforika, Botswana e le gareng ga tsone. Botswana e ne ya tlhophiwa go tsaya karolo ka ntlha ya lefelo la yone le le siameng mo lobopong le le kwa borwa le mo tikologong, e leng se se ka kgontshang go kokoanya tshedimosetso bonolo go tswa mo lobopong. Puso ya Botswana e agile thelesekoupo ya SKA ya pele kwa Kgale View, e leng Mafaratlhatlha a Aforika a Ditlhatlhobo tsa Mola o Moleele Thata (AVN). E ne ya romela baithuti go bona dithuso tsa thuto ya bolepadinaledi.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/10829 "Botswana takes part in revolutionary mission"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124005832/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?nid=10829&flag= Archived] from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:BOTSAT-1 Satellite.png|thumb|200x200px|BOTSAT-1 Satellite]] Lefatshe la Botswana le simolodisitse lenaneo la lone la dingwaga tse tharo la go aga le go simolodisa Satellite, Botswana Satellite Technology (Sat-1 Project) kwa Gaborone kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi 2020, e e simolodisitsweng go dirisiwa rokete ya SpaceX kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le botlhano. [[Botswana International University of Science and Technolog|Botswana International University of Science and Technology]] (BIUST) e ne ya etelela pele tlhabololo ya sathalaete, ka tshegetso ya setegeniki go tswa go balekane ba bangwe, mme ke sathalaete ya 3U hyperspectral Earth Observation. Sathalaete e ikaeletse go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ya go ela tlhoko tikologo, temothuo e e nepagetseng, thulaganyo ya ditoropo, le taolo ya dibetso tsa tlholego.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/60276 "Satellite technology development giant leap"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. 20 December 2020. Archived from [http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant the original] on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Africa, Space in (23 December 2020). [https://africanews.space/botswana-launches-national-space-program/ "Botswana Launches National Space Program"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210102034103/https://africanews.space/botswana-launches-national-space-program/ Archived] from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2016, mo [[lekaleaneng la IT]], Almaz o ne a bula kompone ya ntlha ya go kopanya dikhomphiutara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013902/http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant "Botswana opens first tech assembly plant"]. ''itwebafrica.com''. Archived from [http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant the original] on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205218/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html "Almaz enters Botswana ICT sector"]. ''The Patriot''. Archived from [http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html the original] on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ditec, e leng kompone ya Botswana, le yone e dira megalayaletheka, e di tlhama le go di dira ka tsela e e rileng. Ditec e dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go dira gore didirisiwa tse di tsamaisiwang ke Microsoft di bereke ka pharologanyo.<ref>[http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/ "Youth Company Shines With Their Locally Made Ditec Pioneer Phone"]. ''botswanayouth.com''. 5 August 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205346/http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabongwe 2021, bamaranyane kwa Laboratoring ya Tshupetso ya HIV ya Botswana Harvard (BHHRL) ba ne ba ribolola la ntlha mofuta wa Omicron wa [[COVID-19]], kwa ntlheng o ne o bidiwa B.1.1.529 mme morago ga moo wa bidiwa "Omicron", mme ya nna lefatshe la ntlha mo lefatsheng go ribolola mofuta oo. Fa e sa le ka tshimologo ya 2021, ba ribolotse disampole di ka nna dikete tse pedi le makgolo mararo tse di nang le mogare wa SARS-CoV-2 ka tatelano ya tshika. Go ya ka Dr. Gaseitsiwe, dithomelo tsa tatelano ya tshika tsa Botswana kwa GISAID di gareng ga tse di kwa godimo thata mo kgaolong ya Aforika go ya ka tlhogo ya motho, di lekana le moagisane wa lone wa Aforika Borwa yo o nang le ditsompelo tse dintsi. Setheo sa Botswana sa Harvard sa AIDS sa Tirisanommogo (BHP) se ne sa agiwa ka 2003, dingwaga di le pedi morago ga gore mokgatlho o o akaretsang o bule BHHRL, e leng laboratori ya sone ya patlisiso ya HIV e e agilweng ka maikaelelo e e neng e le nngwe ya tsa ntlha mo kontinenteng.<ref>Flood, Zoe (14 December 2021). [https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/inside-the-botswana-lab-that-discovered-omicron "Inside the Botswana lab that discovered Omicron"]. Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211214111713/http://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/inside-the-botswana-lab-that-discovered-omicron Archived] from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Moalo wa Botswana]] * [[Lenaane la ditlhamo ka ga Botswana]] ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Botswana}} {{Africa topic}} [[Karolo:Botswana| ]] 700mdjs4371943xl4m17bidq2n3wlfu 49671 49669 2026-04-29T16:44:38Z ~2026-25970-94 12702 go tswa 49671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Featured article}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Botswana | common_name = Botswana | native_name = Lefatshe ja Botswana ([[Setswana]])<br/>Republic of Botswana ([[Sekgoa]]) | image_flag = Flag of Botswana.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Botswana.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|tn|Pula|paren=no}}<br /> | national_anthem = {{native phrase|tn|[[Fatshe leno la rona]]|paren=no}}<br />{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Fatshe leno la rona.ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File: Botswana (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Botswana AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}} | map_caption = | capital = [[Gaborone]] | coordinates = {{Coord|24|39.5|S|25|54.5|E|type:city|display=inline}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Sekgoa]]<ref name="gov.bw languages">{{Cite web |title=About Our Country |url=https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Gov.bw |quote=Botswana has a number of tribes across the country, collectively known as Batswana. The official language is English and Setswana is the national language, although there are other spoken languages.}}</ref> | languages_type = Diteme Bosetšhaba | languages = [[Setswana]]<ref name="gov.bw languages" /> | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|79% [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] |9% [[Batho ba letso la Kalanga|Kalanga]] |3% [[Basarwa|Barwa]] |9% Ba bangwe {{small|(go akaretsa [[Kgalagadi language|Bakgalagadi]], [[Indians in Botswana|Makula]], le [[White people in Botswana|Makgoa]])}}}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2012 | religion = {{Unbulleted list|73% [[Christianity in Botswana|Sekerêsete]] |—66% [[Protestantism]] |—7% Other [[Christian]] |20% [[Irreligion in Botswana|Basenatumelo]] |6% [[African traditional religion|Traditional faiths]] |1% Tsê dingwe{{efn|Including [[Baháʼí Faith in Botswana|Baháʼí]], [[Hinduism in Botswana|Hindu]], and [[Islam in Botswana|Seinêêdi]].<ref name=pew/>}}}} | demonym = {{Unbulleted list|Batswana |Motswana }} | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[List of countries by system of government#Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=17 December 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Selolwane |first1=Onalenna |title=Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance |journal=African Sociological Review |date=2002 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=68–90 |doi=10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203 |jstor=24487673 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]] | leader_name1 = [[Duma Boko]] | leader_title2 = [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa Tautona]] | leader_name2 = [[Ndaba Gaolathe]] | leader_title3 = [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]] | leader_name3 = [[Dithapelo Keorapetse]] | legislature = [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Khudutlhamaga]] | sovereignty_type = Boipuso | sovereignty_note = go tswa [[Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng]] | established_event1 = Established ([[Molaomotheo wa Botswana|Molaomotheo]]) | established_date1 = 30 Lwêtse 1966 | area_km2 = 581,730 | area_rank = 47th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 224,610 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | area_footnote = <ref>{{cite report|url = http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf | publisher = United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization | website = fao.org | title = Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana | page = 9 | date = 2015 | quote = Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173 }}</ref><!-- 58,173,000 hectares is 581,730 km2 --> | percent_water = 2.7 | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Botswana}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = 2,346,179<ref>{{Cite web |last=Statistics Botswana |date=May 2022 |title=2022 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS PRELIMINARY RESULTS V2 |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/census_documents/2022%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Preliminary%20Results.pdf |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=Statistics Botswana}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = 145th | population_census_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 4.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 10.62 | population_density_rank = 231st | GDP_PPP = $43.474 billion<ref name="imf2021gdp">{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2021/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = 120 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,287<ref name=imf2021gdp/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 99 | GDP_nominal = $16.948 billion<ref name=imf2021gdp/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = 120 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $7,519<ref name="imf2019gdp">{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=67&pr1.y=3&c=616&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 101 | Gini = 53.3 | Gini_year = 2015 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="WBgini">{{cite web |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |access-date= 20 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213083923/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |archive-date= 13 December 2017 |url-status= live}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.735<!--number only, between 0 and 1--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 100th | currency = [[Botswana pula|Pula]] | currency_code = BWP | time_zone = [[Central Africa Time]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|last=Chapter: 01:04|title=Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))|date=20 July 1984|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|url-status=dead}}</ref> | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = yyyy-mm-dd<br />dd/mm/yyyy^a | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+267]] | cctld = [[.bw]] | official_website = [http://www.gov.bw/ http://www.gov.bw/] | footnote_a = }} Lefatshe la '''Botswana''' le kwa borwa jwa [[Aforika]], ke lefatshe le le dikaganyeditsweng ke a mangwe, ka jalo ga le a bapa le lewatle. Botswana e sephaphathi go ya ka lefatshe, ka bokana ka 70% ya kgaolo ya yone e le karolo ya [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Pele ga le tsaya boipusô ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhôla malatsi ale masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966 ko go ''Enyelane,'' le ne le bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]]. Lefatshe la Botswana le dikaganyeditswe ke la [[Aforika Borwa]] kwa borwa-botlhaba go fitlha kwa borwa-bophirima, [[Namibia]] kwa bophirima, [[Zambia]] kwa bokône le [[Zimbabwe]] kwa bokône-botlhaba. Ka palo ya batho e sa fetang didikadike di le 2.4 go sekae,e bile le ka lekanngwa le lefatshe le Fora ka bophara, Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a a nang le batho ba le mmalwa thata mo lefatsheng.Ke puso-setšhaba ya batho ba Batswana, ba ba bopang mo e ka nnang 80% ya baagi. Lefatshe lê lê bidiwa Botswana, le rêêlelwa ka banni ba bantsi ba lône eleng Batswana ka letsô. Setlhopha sa morafe wa BaTswana se tswa thata mo [[bathong ba ba buang Se-Bantu]] ba ba neng [[ba fudugela kwa borwa jwa Aforika]], go akaretsa le Botswana wa segompieno, ka makhubu a le mmalwa pele ga [[AD]] 600. Ka 1885, [[Maesemane]] a ne a dira lefelo leno kolone mme a itsise gore ke lefelo le le sirelediwang le le bidiwang [[Bechuanaland]]. Jaaka karolo ya [[go tlosa bokolone mo Aforika]], Bechuanaland e ne ya nna [[rephaboliki e e ikemetseng ya Mafatshe a Selekane]] ka fa tlase ga leina la yone la ga jaana ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ka 1966. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, e nnile [[rephaboliki ya palamente]] e e nang le rekoto e e tlhomameng ya [[Ditlhopho mo Botswana|ditlhopho]] tsa batho ka batho tse di sa kgaotseng, le fa e ne di sekametse ka fa go [[Botswana Democratic Party]] go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|2024]]. E sale ka 2024, Botswana ke lone lefatshe le tshenyetso setshaba e leng kwa tlase mo go lone mo nagengkgolo ya Aforika go ya ka [[Corruptions Perceptions Index]] e e gatisitsweng ke [[Transparency International]]. Itsholelo ya Botswana ka kakaretso e itemogetse kgolo e e tsepameng fa e sale e tsaya boipuso. E laolwa ke [[Bojanala jwa lefatshe la Botswana|bojanala]] le [[meepo]]; Lefatshe la Botswana le ntsha diteemane tse dintsi go gaisa mafatshe ape fela. [[Letseno lotlhe lwa yone lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo]] ([[tekatekano ya maatla a go reka]]) lo lo ka nnang $20,158 go tloga ka 2024 (ka diphopholetso dingwe ke lwa bone ka bogolo mo Aforika) lo naya lefatshe leno [[maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo]] le [[Human Development Index]] ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya kontinente ya [[Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]], morago ga Aforika Borwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Botswana o tsweletse ka go lwantshana le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa letlhoko la ditiro. Lefatshe la Botswana ke leloko la Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Development Community, Mafatshe a Selekane le Lekgotla la Ditshaba. Pina ya setshaba ya Botswana ke [[fatshe leno la rona|fatshe lêno la rona]], ê e tlhamilwêng ke [[Rre K T Motsete]]. Madi a a dirisiwang kwa Botswana ke [[Pula]]. Botswana ke lefatshe lê lê farologanyeng le mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika. Morago ga pusô ya Enyelane, Botswana o ne a tsaya boipusô ka di-30 tsa Lwetse 1966. Morago ga boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne la dirisanya mmôgô le pusô ya Enyelane go itlhabolola. Babusi ba Botswana ka nakô êo ba ne ba leka ka bojotlhê go ntsha Botswana mo tlalêng. Tomokoraga e nê ya busa lefatshe jêno e êtêlêtswe pele ke Serêtsê Khama, tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana. Gompiêno Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a tlhabologang ka bofêfo mô lefatshing ka bophara. Ntswa mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika a tshwênngwa ke tlala le tsê dingwe jaaka dintwa le tsiêtsôsetshaba, Botswana e sa e kgôna go fênya mmaba mô e bileng e bilêng sekai mo Aforika. == Tlhamo ya lefoko == Leina la lefatshe le le kaya "Lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Motswana]]", go kaya morafe o o leng montsi mo Botswana.<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230221181327/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana "Botswana"]. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2025 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20251117191406/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2007.zip Archived 2007 edition].)</ref> Molaomotheo wa Botswana o amogela puso ya Tswana e e tshwanang.<ref>Monaka, Kemmonye Collete; Chebanne, Anderson Monthusi (2019). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26907070 "Setswana and the Building of a Nation State"]. ''Anthropological Linguistics''. '''61''' (1): 75–93. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 26907070. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Leina la [[demonym]] la ''Batswana'' le ne le dirisiwa mo Batswaneng kwa tshimologong,<ref>Bolaane, Maitseo; Mgadla, Part Themba (1997). ''[[iarchive:batswana00bola|Batswana]]''. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 9780823920082.</ref> mme gape le simolotse go dirisiwa ka kakaretso jaaka lereo la baagi botlhe ba Botswana.<ref>[http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/ "Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa"]. Voices of Africa. 17 August 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180106231817/http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/ Archived] from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Setswana, ''Batswana'' ka thutapuo ke bontsi; sebopego sa yone sa bongwe, se se ka rayang leloko le le lengwe la Motswana kgotsa moagi a le mongwe fela wa Botswana, ke ''Motswana''. == Ditso == === Pele ga ditso === Go fopholediwa gore di-hominid di ne di nna mo Botswana ka nako ya [[Pleistocene]].<ref>Pickford, Martin; Mein, Pierre; Senut, Brigitte (1 April 1994). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00382353_5386 "Fossiliferous Neogene karst fillings in Angola, Botswana and Namibia"]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''90''' (4): 227–230. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA00382353_5386|10520/AJA00382353_5386]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240417201733/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00382353_5386 Archived] from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Didiriswa tsa matlapa le masalela a diphologolo di supa gore mafelo otlhe a lefatshe a ne a agilwe bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng.<ref>Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Mgadla, Part Themba (2008). ''Historical dictionary of Botswana''. Historical dictionaries of Africa (4th ed.). Lanham (Md.): the Scarecrow press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8108-5467-3.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Two Rhino.jpg|left|thumb|215x215px|Setshwantsho sa 'Ditshukudu Tse Pedi' kwa [[Tsodilo]], [[lefelo la UNESCO la ditso]]]] Go ne go bolelwa fa e le lefelo la botsalo jwa batho botlhe ba segompieno go tswa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng.<ref>Chan, Eva KF; [[:en:Axel_Timmermann|Timmermann, Axel]]; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 October 2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1 "Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations"]. ''Nature''. '''575''' (7781). Nature Research: 185–189. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..185C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1. <nowiki>PMID 31659339</nowiki>. S2CID 204946938. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50210701 "Origin of modern humans 'traced to Botswana'"]. [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 28 October 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240415020902/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50210701 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/29/ancestral-homeland-of-modern-humans-in-botswana-study-finds "Ancestral homeland of modern humans in Botswana, study finds"]. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Bosupi jo bo tlogetsweng ke batho ba segompieno, jaaka ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng, bo na le dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le boraro.<ref>Staurset, S.; Coulson, S. (2014). "Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa". ''Journal of Human Evolution''. '''75''': 153–165. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JHumE..75..153S 2014JHumE..75..153S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006|10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24953669 24953669].</ref> Baagi ba ntlha ba ba itsegeng ba borwa jwa Aforika go akanngwa gore e ne e le bagolwagolwane ba batho ba gompieno ba [[San]] ("Bushmen") le ba [[Khoi]]. Ditlhopha tseno ka bobedi di bua [[dipuo tsa click]] go tswa mo malwapeng a mannye a dipuo tsa [[Khoe-Kwadi]], [[Kx’a]] le [[Tuu]] tse maloko a tsone a neng a tsoma, a phutha le go gweba mo dikgaolong tse di telele. Fa dikgomo di ne di tsenngwa la ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse padi tse di fetileng, bodisa bo ne jwa nna karolo e kgolo ya itsholelo ka kgaolo e ne e na le mabala a magolo a bojang a a senang [[dintsi tsa tsetse]].<ref>Wilmsen, Edwin N. (1992). ''Land filled with flies: a political economy of the Kalahari'' (2nd pr ed.). Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. pp. 71–5. ISBN 978-0-226-90015-5.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Domboshaba stone wall 3.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Lebota la matlapa la Domboshaba la boraro]] [[Setshwantsho:The plate that was used in the past at Domboshaba monument.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Sejana se se neng se dirisiwa mo nakong e e fetileng kwa sefikantsweng sa Domboshaba. Dijana tse di ne di dirilwe ka maje.]] Ga go tlhaloganyesege gore [[batho ba ba buang Se-Bantu]] ba ne ba fudugela leng la ntlha mo nageng go tswa kwa bokone, le fa AD 600 e lebega e le phopholetso ya tumalano. Mo motlheng oo, bagolwagolwane ba Kalanga ya segompieno ba ne ba fudugela kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe. Ba-proto-Kalanga bano ba ne ba golagantswe thata le dinaga kwa Zimbabwe gammogo le kgaolo ya Mapungubwe. Masalela a le mangwe a a tlhomologileng a paka e ke marope a [[Domboshaba]], lefelo la setso le boswa mo Botswana le le neng la nna mo go lone kwa tshimologong go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa paka e Kgolo ya Zimbabwe (1250–1450), ka mabota a matlapa a a nang le bogodimo jo bo magareng jwa dimitara di le 1.8. Lefelo le ke lefelo le le tlotliwang ke batho ba ba nnang mo kgaolong eo, mme go dumelwa fa kgosi e ne e nna kwa godimo ga thaba le bathusi kgotsa bathusi ba gagwe. Mafelo ano, a a leng kwa ntle ga melelwane ya Botswana ya ga jaana, go lebega a ne a na le metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo—go lebega e le ka dipalo tse di atamelang kitlano ya dikgomo tsa segompieno—mo lefelong le jaanong e leng Kgaolo ya Legare.<ref>Denbow, James (1986). "A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari". ''The Journal of African History''. '''27''' (1): 15. doi:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700029170|10.1017/S0021853700029170]]. JSTOR 181334. S2CID 163079138</ref> Moago ono o mogolo wa go rua dikgomo o ne wa atlega go fitlha ka 1300 mme go lebega o ne wa boela morago morago ga go phutlhama ga Mapungubwe. Mo pakeng eo, ditlhopha tsa ntlha tse di buang Setswana, [[Bakgalagadi]], di ne tsa fudugela kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa borwa jwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|Kalahari]]. Batho ba ba farologaneng bao ba ne ba golagantswe le ditsela tsa kgwebo tse di neng di feta ka [[Noka ya Limpopo]] go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. Dithoto tsa kgwebo go tswa kwa Asia jaaka dibaga di ne tsa tsena mo Botswana, go ka direga thata gore di ne di ananngwa ka lenaka la tlou, gauta le [[lenaka la tshukudu]].<ref>Denbow, James; Klehm, Carla; Dussubieux, Laure (April 2015). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/glass-beads-of-kaitshaa-and-early-indian-ocean-trade-into-the-far-interior-of-southern-africa/9BB659F4DA38A560EF64C4E8E3F49AFA "The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far hinterland of southern Africa"]. ''Antiquity''. '''89''' (344): 361–377. doi:10.15184/aqy.2014.50. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 161212483. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Matlha a radio-carbon a bonno jwa [[Thaba ya Toutswemogala]] Iron Age a simolola ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa bo lesome le boferabongwe, se se supang gore go ne go nniwa mo go one dingwaga di feta sekete.<ref name=":0">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1340/ "Toutswemogala Hill Iron Age Settlement"]. [[:en:UNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre|UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Thaba e ne e le karolo ya go tlhamiwa ga mafatshe a ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika, ka dikgomo jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa itsholelo.<ref name=":0" /> Bonno jwa Toutswe bo akaretsa bodilo jwa matlo, dithotobolo tse dikgolo tsa boloko jwa kgomo jo bo dirilweng ka galase, le diphitlho fa sebopego se se kokomogileng e le lobota lwa matlapa.<ref>Dichaba, Tsholofelo Sele (2009). [https://repository.rice.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/9b50f2c1-a371-4c9b-9baa-0f80c353ecbf/content "From Monuments to Cultural Landscapes"]. ''Rethinking Heritage Management in Botswana''. [[:en:Rice_University|Rice University]]: 42.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1000 AD, batho ba Toutswe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana.<ref>[https://www.eskom.co.za/eia/tx/wp-content/uploads/migrated/MahikengIsang/DEIR-Appendicies/Ann-G-Specialist-Reports-2/G_5a.%20AIA%20Botswana%20Component.pdf Archaeological impact assessment for the Bosa transmission line project from Theisang substation to the Tlokweng border post in the South Eastern and Kgatleng districts of Botswana] (PDF). ''[[:en:Eskom|Eskom]].com'' (Report). Lentswe Archaeological Consultants. 2017. p. 10.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, temothuo le yone e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo botshelong jo boleele jwa tiro e e atolositsweng ya Toutswemogala Hill, ka ge dibopego tse dintsi tsa polokelo ya dijo le tsone di fitlhetswe mo lefelong leo. Dikarolo tse dintsi tse di farologaneng tsa bodilo jwa matlo di ile tsa bontsha gape go nna ga batho foo makgolokgolo a dingwaga. Go goroga ga bagolwagolwane ba babui ba Setswana ba ba neng ba tla go laola kgaolo go santse go tshwanetse ga bewa letlha ka tlhomamo. Maloko a [[Bakwena]], bogosi ka fa tlase ga moeteledipele yo o bidiwang Kgabo II, ba ne ba dira tsela ya bone go tsena mo Kalahari e e kwa borwa ka AD 1500 moragonyana, mme batho ba gagwe ba ne ba lelekela baagi ba Bakgalagadi kwa bophirima go tsena mo sekakeng. Fa dingwaga di ntse di feta, makala a le mmalwa a [[Bakwena]] a ne a fudugela kwa mafelong a a mabapi. [[Bangwaketse]] ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a kwa bophirima, fa [[Bangwato]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa bokone botlhaba kwa mafelong a pele a Kalanga.<ref>[[:en:David_Magang|Magang, David]] (2008). ''The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang''. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 10–14. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.</ref> E se kgale morago ga moo, lekala la Bangwato le le neng le itsege jaaka Batawana le ne la fudugela kwa [[Okavango|Okavango Delta]], gongwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1790.<ref>Tlou, T. (1974). "The Nature of Batswana States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Batawana Case". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''6''': 57–75. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40959210 40959210].</ref> === Mfecane le Dintwa tsa Batswana le Maburu === [[Setshwantsho:Kapstaaten 1905.png|left|thumb|213x213px|Mmepe wa Jeremane wa Aforika Borwa wa 1905, o o bontshang lefelo le le sa ntseng le sa kgaoganngwa la [[Bechuanaland]].]] Dikwalo tsa ntlha tse di amanang le Botswana wa segompieno di tlhagelela ka ngwaga wa 1824. Dikwalo tse di supa fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba fetogile mmuso o o renang mo kgaolong eo. Ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Makaba II, Bangwaketse ba ne ba rua metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo mo mafelong a sekaka a a sireleditsweng sentle, mme ba dirisa bokgoni jwa bone jwa sesole go tlhasela baagisani ba bone.<ref>Morton, Fred. [https://www.academia.edu/11134264 "The Rise of a Raiding State: Makaba II's Ngwaketse, 1780–1824"]. pp. 5–9. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200816031919/https://www.academia.edu/11134264/The_Rise_of_a_Raiding_State_Makaba_IIs_Ngwaketse_1780_1824 Archived] from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka nako e, dikgosi tse dingwe mo lefelong leo di ne di na le diroto di le dikete tse lesome kgotsa go feta mme di ne di atlegile thata.<ref>Morton, B. (1993). "Pre-1904 Population Estimates of the Tswana". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''25''': 89–99. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979984 40979984].</ref> Tekatekano eno e ne ya tla kwa bokhutlong ka nako ya [[Mfecane]] (1823–1843) fa tatelano ya batho ba ba tlhaselang go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e tsena mo lefatsheng. Le fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba kgona go fenya [[Bakololo]] ba ba neng ba tlhasetse ka ngwaga wa 1826, fa nako e ntse e tsamaya dikgosi tsotlhe tse dikgolo mo Botswana tsa tlhaselwa, tsa koafadiwa le go humanega. Bakololo le [[AmaNdebele]] ba ne ba tlhasela gangwe le gape mme ba tsaya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dikgomo, basadi le bana go tswa mo Batswaneng – bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba kgweelediwa kwa sekakeng kgotsa kwa mafelong a botshabelo jaaka ditlhoa tsa dithaba le magaga. Ke fela morago ga 1843, fa Ba-Amandebele ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima jwa Zimbabwe, fa matshosetsi ano a ne a kokobela.<ref>Morton, Barry (14 January 2009). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582479708671276|10.1080/02582479708671276]]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sechele Gustav Fritsch 1865.jpg|thumb|214x214px|[[Setshele I|Sechele I]], yo o neng a eteletse pele Mokgatlho wa Merafe ya Batswana kgatlhanong le [[Maburu]] ka 1852]] Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840 le bo 1850, kgwebisano le bagwebi ba ba neng ba le kwa [[Cape Colony]] e ne ya bulega mme ya kgontsha magosi a [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] go aga sesha. [[Bakwena]], Bangwaketse, Bangwato le Batawana ba ne ba dirisana mmogo go laola kgwebo ya lonaka lwa tlou e e neng e dira madi a mantsi mme ba dirisa madi ao go reka dipitse le ditlhobolo kwa ntle, mme seo se ne sa dira gore ba kgone go tlhoma taolo mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Botswana. Thulaganyo e e ne e weditswe ka bontsi ka 1880, mme ka jalo Batswana ba ne ba fenya Basarwa, Kalanga, Bakgalagadi le batho ba bangwe ba ba kwa tlase ba ga jaana.<ref>Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582479708671276|10.1080/02582479708671276]].</ref> Morago ga [[Loeto lo logolo]], [[MaAfrikanere]] go tswa kwa Koloning ya Kapa ba ne ba itlhoma mo melelwaneng ya Botswana kwa [[Teransefala]]. Ka 1852, kopano ya dikgosi tsa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Setshele I|Sechele I]] e ne ya fenya ditlhaselo tsa Maaforika kwa [[Ntwa ya Dimawe|Ntweng ya Dimawe]] mme, morago ga dingwaga di ka nna robedi tsa dikgotlhang le dintwa tse di neng di kgaotsa, kwa bofelong ba ne ba fitlhelela tumalano ya kagiso kwa [[Potchefstroom]] ka 1860. Go tloga ka nako eo, molelwane wa Botswana le wa Aforika Borwa wa gompieno o ne wa dumalanwa, mme maAfrikanere le Batswana ba ne ba gweba le go dira mmogo ka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:David_Magang|Magang, David]] (2008). ''The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang''. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 28–38. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.</ref><ref>Ramsay, J. (1991). "The Botswana-Boer War of 1852–53: How the Batswana Achieved Victory". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''23''': 193–208. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980851 40980851].</ref> Ka 1884, Batawana, mophato wa dipitse wa lotso lwa BaTswana o o neng o le kwa bokone o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Kgosi Moremi, o ne wa lwa le go fenya tlhaselo ya MaNdebele kwa bokone jwa Botswana kwa [[Ntwa ya Khutiyabasadi|Ntweng ya Khutiyabasadi]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go phutlhama ga Bogosi jwa Ndebele kwa Zimbabwe, mme bo ne jwa thusa bolaodi jo bo buang Setswana.<ref>Ramsay, Jeff. [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=72905&dir=2017/november/06 "The Guns of Khutiyabasadi (II)"]. ''[[:en:Mmegi|Mmegi]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124091704/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=72905&dir=2017/november/06 Archived] from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ntlha ya maemo a masha a kagiso, kgwebo e ne ya atlega fa gare ga 1860 le 1880. [[Barongwa]] ba Bakeresete ba ne ba kgona go dirisa seo thata. [[Balutere]] le [[Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London]] ka bobedi ba ne ba tlhongwa mo lefatsheng ka 1856. Ka 1880, motse mongwe le mongwe o mogolo o ne o na le morongwa yo o nnang mo go one, mme tlhotlheletso ya bone e ne ya gola ka iketlo. [[Khama III]], yo o neng a busa go tloga ka 1875 go fitlha ka 1923, e ne e le wa ntlha mo dikgosing tsa Batswana go dira Bokeresete bodumedi jwa puso, mme molao o mogolo wa setso sa Batswana o ne wa fetoga ka ntlha ya seo. Bokeresete bo ne jwa nna bodumedi jwa semmuso mo dikgosing tsotlhe ka [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha]].<ref>Landau, Paul Stuart (1995). ''The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in the Southern African Kingdom''. Portsmouth (N.H.) London Cape Town (South Africa): James Currey. ISBN 0-435-08963-3.</ref> === Bokolone === [[Setshwantsho:Dikgosis on the 3 dikgosi monument.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Dikgosi tsa Bechuanaland kwa Lontone. Ka fa molemeng: w:[[Kgosi Sebele I|Sebele I]]; Bogare: w:[[Bathoen I]]; Ka fa mojeng: w:[[Khama III]].]] [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Setempe sa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.]] Ka nako ya [[Go Kgaratlhela Aforika]], [[Mmusomogolo wa Jeremane]] le Borithane ka bobedi di ne di eletsa kgaolo ya Botswana. Ka nako ya [[Bokopano jwa kwa Berlin]], Borithane e ne ya swetsa go tsenya Botswana go sireletsa Tsela e e yang kwa Bokone mme ka jalo e golaganye Koloni ya Kapa le mafelo a yona a a kwa bokone go ya pele. E ne ya gapa dikgaolo tsa Tswana ka letlhakore le le lengwe ka Firikgong 1885 mme morago ga moo ya romela [[Warren Expedition]] kwa bokone go tiisa taolo mo kgaolong le go tlhatswa dikgosi pelo go amogela taolo ya Borithane. Le fa ba ne ba belaela, ba ne ba feleletsa ba dumalana le ''fait accompli'' e.<ref>Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. [https://www.academia.edu/15645705 "The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966"]. pp. 4–7. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.</ref><ref>"Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T.E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')</ref> Ka 1890, mafelo a a kwa bokone jwa didikirii di le masome mabedi le bobedi a ne a okediwa mo Tshireletsong e ntšhwa ya Bechuanaland. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1890, kgaolo e ntsha e ne ya kgaoganngwa ka dipolokelo tse robedi tse di farologaneng, ka lefatshe le lennye le le lekaneng le le neng la tlogelwa jaaka lefatshe le le gololesegileng la baagi ba basweu. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go neela Bechuanaland Protectorate go [[Kompone ya Borithane ya Aforika Borwa]]. Leano le, le le neng le le mo tseleng ya go ungwa le fa baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba kopa ba ba neng ba etela Enyelane go ipelaetsa, le ne la feleletsa le sentswe ke go palelwa ga [[Jameson Raid]] ka Firikgong 1896.<ref>Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. [https://www.academia.edu/15645705 "The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966"]. pp. 7–11. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211028165308/https://www.academia.edu/15645705 Archived] from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.</ref><ref>Parsons, Neil (3 February 1998). ''King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes''. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64745-6.</ref> Fa [[Kopano ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne e tlhamiwa go tswa mo dikoloning tse dikgolo tsa Borithane mo kgaolong e ka 1910, Dikgaolo tsa Khomišene e e Kwa Godimo—Bechuanaland Protectorate, [[Basutoland]] (e jaanong e bidiwang [[Lesotho]]) le [[Swaziland]] (e jaanong e leng [[Eswatini]])—di ne di sa akarediwe, mme go ne ga dirwa thulaganyo ya gore moragonyana di akarediwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, UK e ne ya simolola go buisana le baagi ba yone gore ba eletsa eng. Le fa dipuso tse di latelanang tsa Aforika Borwa di ne di batla gore mafelo ao a fetisediwe kwa taolong ya tsone, UK e ne ya nna ya diega; ka ntlha ya moo, ga e ise e ko e direge. Go tlhophiwa ga puso [[ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 1948, e e neng ya tlhoma [[tlhaolele]], le go ikgogela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo [[Mafatsheng a Selekane]] ka 1961, e ne ya fedisa tsholofelo nngwe le nngwe ya gore UK kgotsa dikgaolo tseo di dumalane go tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>Hayes, Frank (1980). "South Africa's Departure from the Commonwealth, 1960–1961". ''The International History Review''. '''2''' (3): 453–484. doi:[[doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222|10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222]]. ISSN 0707-5332. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105085 40105085].</ref> Katoloso ya bolaodi jwa bogareng jwa Borithane le go fetoga ga puso ya lefatshe go ne ga felela ka gore ka 1920 go tlhomiwe makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go emela Maaforika le Bayuropa ka bobedi.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603024427/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm "Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945–1966)"]. ''eisa.org''. Archived from [http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm the original] on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lekgotla la Aforika le ne le na le ditlhogo di le robedi tsa merafe ya Batswana le maloko mangwe a a tlhophilweng.<ref name=":1" /> Dikgoeletso ka 1934 di ne di laola puso le dithata tsa merafe. Lekgotla la bagakolodi la Yuropa le Aforika le ne la tlhamiwa ka 1951, mme molaomotheo wa 1961 o ne wa tlhoma lekgotla la peomolao la ditherisano.<ref>[https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/botswana.html "Botswana"]. ''clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240602105543/https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/botswana.html Archived] from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence Talks, 1965 - 2.png|thumb|220x220px|[[Seretse Khama]] (''ka fa mojeng'') le [[Quett Masire]] (''ka fa molemeng'') kwa dipuisanong tsa boipuso kwa Lontone, ka 1965]] Ka Seetebosigo 1964, United Kingdom e ne ya amogela dikakanyetso tsa gore go nne le puso ya ya batho ka batho mo Botswana. Bokopano jwa boipuso bo ne jwa tshwarelwa kwa Lontone ka Tlhakole 1966.<ref>[https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA1T4XABSD8UKW27D8CE76D4K2H-UK-BECHUANALAND-INDEPENDENCE-CONFERENCE-OPENS-IN-LONDON/query/Bechuanaland "U.K.: Bechuanaland independence conference opens in London 1966"]. ''British Pathé historical collection''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175143/https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/143349/ Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Setilo sa puso se ne sa fudusiwa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tswa kwa [[Mahikeng]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]], go ya kwa [[Gaborone]] e e neng e sa tswang go tlhongwa, e e neng e le gaufi le molelwane wa Botswana le Aforika Borwa. Go ikaegilwe ka molaomotheo wa 1965, lefatshe le ne la tshwara ditlhopho tsa lone tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso ka fa tlase ga tshwanelo ya botlhe ya go tlhopha mme la bona boipuso ka Lwetse a le malatsi a masome mararo 1966.<ref>[http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm "Fireworks at Midnight"]. ''Britishempire.co.uk''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161103054412/http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm Archived] from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], moeteledipele mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso,<ref>Rotberg, Robert I. (3 March 2023). "Botswana: Africa's Democratic Exception". ''[https://academic.oup.com/book/45388/chapter/389337356 Overcoming the Oppressors]''. Oxford University PressNew York. pp. 192–231. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008|10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008]]. ISBN 978-0-19-767420-8.</ref> o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa ntlha, mme morago ga moo a tlhophiwa gape gabedi.<ref>Zuber, David (4 April 2022). [https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/seretse-khama-1921-1980/ "Seretse Khama (1921–1980) •"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240606131806/https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/seretse-khama-1921-1980/ Archived] from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Khama o ne a tlhokafala mo maemong a gagwe ka 1980. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go mothusatautona wa nako eo, [[Quett Masire]], yo o neng a tlhophiwa ka boene ka 1984 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 1989 le 1994. Masire o ne a tlogela tiro ka 1998. O ne a tlhatlhangwa ke [[Festus Mogae]], yo o neng a thophiwa ka 1999 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 2004. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ka 2008 (morwa tautona wa ntlha), yo o neng a ntse a direla jaaka mothusa tautona wa ga Mogae fa e sale a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna Molaodi wa [[Sesole sa Botswana]] ka 1998 go tsaya karolo e ya setšhaba. Ka Moranang a rogwa 2018, [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi]] o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana, a tlhatlhama Ian Khama.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376 "Botswana country profile"]. ''BBC News''. 3 April 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210307103607/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376 Archived] from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Kganetsano e e neng e ntse e le teng ka nako e telele ka ga molelwane o o kwa bokone le [[Caprivi Strip]] ya [[Namibia]] e ne ya nna setlhogo sa katlholo ya [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Bosiamisi]] ka Sedimonthole 1999. E ne ya atlhola gore [[Setlhaketlhake sa Sedudu|Setlhaketlhake sa Kasikili]] ke sa Botswana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112332/http://www.southern-eagle.com/namibia/namgeninfo.html "Namibia General Information"]. Southern-eagle.com. 21 March 1990. Archived from [http://www.southern-eagle.com/namibia/namgeninfo.html the original] on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la busa lefatshe kwantle ga go kgaotsa go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa 1965 go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024]], tse di neng tsa fenngwa ke [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]].<ref>Muia, Wycliffe; Zane, Damian (1 November 2024). [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c238n5zr51yo "Botswana ruling party rejected after 58 years in power"]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a rogwa 2024, [[Duma Boko]], moeteledipele wa UDC, o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa Botswana, a nna tautona wa ntlha go sa emele BDP.<ref>Okachi, George (4 November 2024). [https://www.dw.com/en/world-headlines-ignore-botswanas-peaceful-power-transition/video-70686382 "Why is Botswana's peaceful power transfer being ignored?"]. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2025, Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[mathata a magolo a kalafi]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c78zg67x38zo "Botswana declares national public health emergency"]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 26 August 2025. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Lefelo == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb|200x200px|Mmepe wa Botswana wa [[Köppen climate classification]]]] Ka bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 581 730 (sekwere sa dimaele di le 224 607), Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome mane le boferabobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://dxnews.com/a25rj_botswana/ "A25DX – A25RJ Botswana – News – Information"]. ''dxnews.com''. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Gape e na le bogodimo jo bo ka nnang dimitara di le sekete (3 300 ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle.<ref>[https://www.goway.com/destinations/africa/botswana "Botswana Safari Vacation Packages 2025/2026 | Goway Travel"]. ''www.goway.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531110907/https://www.goway.com/travel-information/africa-middle-east/botswana/geography-and-maps/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.botswana.co.za/Botswana_Regional_Info-travel/where-is-botswana.html "Where is Botswana?"]. ''botswana.co.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531222419/https://www.botswana.co.za/Botswana_Regional_Info-travel/where-is-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana e sephaphathi thata, e rata go nna mo lefelong le le bidikamang ka iketlo.<ref name=":2" /> [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ke sone se tetseng mo Botswana, se se akaretsang go fitlha go 70% ya bogodimo jwa lefatshe la lone.<ref>[https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/botswana "Botswana Country Profile – National Geographic Kids"]. ''Geography''. 20 March 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531111339/https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/botswana Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta, Botswana (2674364913).jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]]]] Lefelo la [[Noka ya Limpopo]], e leng sebopego se segolo sa lefatshe la borwa jotlhe jwa Aforika, le bontlhabongwe mo Botswana, ka megopo ya melatswana ya yone e e elelang, [[Noka ya Notwane|Notwane]], [[Noka ya Bonwapitse|Bonwapitse]], [[Mahalapye]], [[Noka ya Lotsane|Lotsane]], [[Molapo wa Motloutse|Motloutse]] le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]], tse di mo karolong e e kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin"]. ''fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175114/https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ya Notwane e tlamela motsemogolo ka metsi ka [[Gaborone dam|Letamo la Gaborone]].<ref>[https://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 "WUC"]. ''wuc.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160627051722/http://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 Archived] from the original on 27 June 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Noka ya Chobe]] e kopana le [[Noka ya Zambezi]] kwa lefelong le le bidiwang [[Kazungula, Zambia|Kazungula]].<ref>[http://2summers.net/2013/07/01/crossing-a-river-where-four-countries-meet/ "Crossing a River Where Four Countries Meet"]. ''2Summers''. 1 July 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233844/https://2summers.net/2013/07/01/crossing-a-river-where-four-countries-meet/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Mefutafuta ya ditshedi le tshomarelo === [[Setshwantsho:Cebras de Burchell (Equus quagga burchellii), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 28.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Dipitse tsa naga di tsamayatsamaya mo Mogobeng wa Okavango]] Botswana e na le mafelo a a farologaneng a bonno jwa diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":3">[https://www.awf.org/country/botswana "Botswana | African Wildlife Foundation"]. ''www.awf.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531215139/https://www.awf.org/country/botswana Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo godimo ga mafelo a delta le a sekaka, go na le [[mafelo a bojang]] le [[di-savanna]].<ref name=":3" /> Bokone jwa Botswana bo na le nngwe ya dipalopalo tse di mmalwa tse di setseng tsa [[ntša ya naga ya Aforika]] e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela.<ref>[https://www.canids.org/species/view/African-wild-dog "African wild dog | Canids"]. ''www.canids.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175214/https://www.canids.org/species/view/African-wild-dog Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Chobe National Park]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Chobe|Kgaolong ya Chobe]] e na le ditlou tse dintsi go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng tsa [[Ditlou tsa Aforika|Aforika]]. Phaka e akaretsa dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse lesome le motso (4,247 sq mi) mme e tshegetsa mefuta e ka nna makgolo mararo le masome matlhano ya dinonyane.<ref>Moseley, William G. [https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/4/21/too-many-elephants-in-african-parks "Too many elephants in African parks?"]. Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233829/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/4/21/too-many-elephants-in-african-parks Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana ke karolo ya Lefelo la Tshomarelo la Kavango Zambezi (KAZA), mmogo le Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia le Angola. Karolo ya tumalano e letla motsamao o o gololesegileng wa diphologolo tsa naga magareng ga mafatshe a a tsayang karolo. "Mafelo a go gasama ga diphologolo tsa naga" a le marataro a supilwe go ikaegilwe ka ditsela tsa ditso tsa go fuduga ga diphologolo tsa naga<ref>[https://www.worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/spring-2016/articles/five-countries-work-toward-a-common-goal-in-southern-africa "Five countries work toward a common goal in southern Africa | Magazine Articles | WWF"]. ''World Wildlife Fund''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo Botswana [[khurumetso ya sekgwa]] e ka nna 27% ya bogolo jwa lefatshe lotlhe, e e lekanang le diheketara di le 15,254,700 (ha) tsa sekgwa ka 2020, go tswa go diheketara di le 18,803,700 (ha) ka 1990. Ka 2020, sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago se ne se akaretsa diheketara di le 15,254,700, sa sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago 0% e ne ya begwa e le [[sekgwa sa motheo]] (se se nang le mefuta ya ditlhare tsa naga e e senang ditshupo tse di bonalang sentle tsa tiro ya batho) mme mo e ka nnang 11% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e e sireleditsweng e ne ya fitlhelwa mo teng. Mo ngwageng wa 2015, 24% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e begilwe e le ka fa tlase ga setshaba le 76% ya mong yo o ikemetseng.<ref>''[https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.</ref><ref>[https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BWA/home/overview "Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Botswana"]. ''Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations''.</ref> Chobe National Park le [[Moremi Game Reserve]] (mo Okavango Delta) ke mafelo a magolo a bojanala.<ref>Bunge, Bianca (31 May 2021). [https://secretafrica.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-botswana/ "Top 10 Tourist Attractions In Botswana"]. ''Secret Africa''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531201917/https://secretafrica.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Dipolokelo tse dingwe di akaretsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari]] le le fitlhelwang kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari mo [[Kgaolo ya Ghanzi|Kgaolong ya Ghanzi]]; [[Makgadikgadi Pans National Park]] le [[Nxai Pan National Park]] tse di mo [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Legare]] mo [[Makgadikgadi Pan]].<ref>[https://www.itravelto.com/place/Central-Botswana.html "Central Botswana | Botswana Safari"]. ''www.itravelto.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233838/https://www.itravelto.com/place/Central-Botswana.html Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana le lebagane le mathata a mabedi a magolo [[a tikologo]], komelelo le [[go fetoga sekaka]], tse di golaganeng thata. Dikotara di le tharo tsa batho le diphologolo tsa naga di ikaegile ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka ntlha ya komelelo. Tiriso ya [[metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe]] ka go epa didiba tse di kwa teng e fokoditse ditlamorago tsa komelelo ka tsela nngwe. Metsi a a fa godimo ga lefatshe a a tlhokega mo Botswana, mme temothuo e e kwa tlase ga 5% mo lefatsheng e kgona go tswelela ka pula. Mo e e setseng 95% ya lefatshe, go rua leruo ke motswedi o mogolo wa lotseno lwa kwa magaeng. Mo e ka nnang 71% ya lefatshe la lefatshe le dirisediwa phulo ya tlhakanelo, e e nnileng selo se segolo se se bakileng go fetoga ga naga sekaka le kgogolego ya mmu e e potlakileng mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":4">Darkoh, Michael. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101010191509/http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf "Desertification in Botswana"] (PDF). IS: Rala. pp. 61–64. Archived from [http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> E re ka go rua leruo go solegetse batho ba lefatshe la Botswana dipoelo, ba tsweletse ka go dirisa lefatshe leo ka dipalo tse di golang tsa diphologolo ka tsela e e gakgamatsang. Go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1991, palo ya leruo e ne ya gola go tswa go didikadike di le 1.7 go ya go didikadike di le tlhano le sephatlo.<ref name=":4" /> Fela jalo, palo ya batho e oketsegile go tswa go 574,000 ka 1971 go ya go sedikadike le sephatlo ka 1995, e leng koketsego ya 161% mo dingwageng di le masome mabedi le bone.<ref>[https://www.comptonherald.org/joa-botswana "Botswana"]. ''Compton Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240501224436/https://www.comptonherald.org/joa-botswana Archived] from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. </ref> Baitseanape ba tikologo ba bega gore Okavango Delta e a oma ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga phulo ya leruo.<ref name=":5">[http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794 "Botswana, US sign 'Debt-for-Nature' agreement"]. Afrol. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091201140712/http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794 Archived] from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Okavango Delta ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a metsi a a nang le dikgwa tse dinnye mo Botswana e bile ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a kwa teng ga naga mo lefatsheng; thulaganyo ya tikologo e botlhokwa thata mo go tsheleng ga diphologolo di le dintsi.<ref name=":5" /> Lephata la Dikgwa le Ditsompelo tsa Dikgwa le setse le simolotse go tsenya mo tirisong porojeke ya go busetsa dimela tsa selegae mo baaging ba Kgalagadi Borwa, Kweneng Bokone le Boteti.<ref>Mogotsi, Kebadire; Kanego, Arabang; Sebele, Neelo; Kgaswane, Medi; Gabaitse, H. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100724145917/http://www.unccd.int/IYDD/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf "New opportunities for combating desertification in Botswana: Women in action for sustainable land and natural resources management"] (PDF). UNCCD. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100724145917/http://www.unccd.int/IYDD/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go tsenngwa gape ga dimela tsa selegae go tlaa thusa go fokotsa go senyega ga lefatshe. [[Puso ya Amerika]] le yone e dirile tumalano le lefatshe la Botswana, e ba neetse US$7 million go fokotsa sekoloto sa Botswana ka US$8.3 million. US e ne ya tlhomamisa gore Botswana e tlaa tlhoma mogopolo mo tshomarelong e e tseneletseng ya lefatshe.<ref name=":5" /> Lefatshe le ne le na le maduo a palogare a [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] ya 2018 a 9.13/10, e e baya mo maemong a bo ferabobedi lefatshe ka bophara mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a supa le bobedi.<ref>Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"]. ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref> [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) le bolela fa lehuma e le lone bothata jo bogolo jo bo dirang gore go dirisiwe ditsompelo go feta selekanyo, go akaretsa le lefatshe, mo Botswana. UNDP e ne ya tsenelela mo porojekeng e e neng ya simololwa kwa morafeng wa borwa jwa Struizendam mo Botswana. Maikaelelo a porojeke ke go tsaya malebela mo "kitsong ya setso le dithulaganyo tsa taolo ya lefatshe tsa setso". Baeteledipele ba mokgatlho oo ba tshwanetse go nna batho ba ba mo setšhabeng go gogela batho ba tlholego, mme seo se oketsa ditšhono tsa bone tsa go bona lotseno, ka jalo se fokotsa lehuma. UNDP gape e boletse gore puso e tshwanetse go diragatsa melao ka katlego go letla batho go laola metswedi ya bone ya selegae mme lenaneo le fa puso tshedimosetso go thusa mo tlhabololong ya melao.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090 "Botswana villages fighting desertification"]. Afrol. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091102221242/http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090 Archived] from the original on 2 November 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Puso le dipolotiki == [[Setshwantsho:Duma Boko 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|208x208px|[[Duma Boko]] ke [[Tautona wa Botswana]] go tloga ka 2024.]] Botswana ke [[rephaboliki ya palamente]] e e laolwang ke [[Molaomotheo wa Botswana]].<ref name=":6">Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Z.; Malila, Ikanyeng S. (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45341655 "The Mutation of Parliament into a "Registration Chamber": Executive Dominance over the Legislature in Botswana"]. ''The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs''. '''40''' (2): 33–59. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45341655. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ke puso ya batho ka batho e telele go gaisa e e sa kgaotseng mo Aforika.<ref name=":8">Sebudubudu, David; Bodilenyane, Keratilwe; Kwerepe, Phana (2016). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124 "The Politics of Opposition Electoral Coalitions and Alliances in Botswana"]. ''The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs''. '''43''' (1): 1–26. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45342124. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231013182227/https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124 Archived] from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Setilo sa yone sa puso se kwa [[Gaborone]].<ref name=":2" /> Ditheo tsa puso ya Botswana di tlhomilwe morago ga gore e nne setšhaba se se ikemetseng ka nosi ka 1966. Thulaganyo ya puso ya Botswana e ikaegile ka [[tsamaiso ya Westminster]] ya United Kingdom le dipuso tsa merafe ya batho ba Tswana.<ref name=":6" /> Botswana e na le [[puso e e kopantsweng]] e mo go yone molao wa bosetšhaba o emisetsang molao wa selegae.<ref>Mooketsane, K.; Bodilenyane, K.; Motshekgwa, B. (2017). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-6a061f80d "Is decentralisation in Botswana a democratic fallacy?"]. ''African Journal of Public Affairs''. '''9''' (5): 47–60. hdl:10520/EJC-6a061f80d. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175122/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-6a061f80d Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Melao ya selegae e tlhamiwa ke makgotla a selegae le makgotla a dikgaolo.<ref name=":7">Sharma, Keshav C. (23 August 2020). [https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.928945225837497 "Role of local government in Botswana for effective service delivery: Challenges, prospects and lessons"]. ''Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance'' (7): 135–142. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175124/https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.928945225837497 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ba tlhotlhelediwa thata ke dipuso tsa merafe, tse di eteletsweng pele ke kgosi ya morafe.<ref name=":7" /> [[Palamente ya Botswana]] e na le Tautona le [[Kokoano Bosetšhaba]], e e dirang jaaka lekgotla la peomolao la setšhaba le le tlhomameng le le le nosi, fa ''[[Ntlo ya Dikgosi]]'' e direla setlhopha sa bagakolodi se se dirilweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe le maloko a mangwe a a tlhomilweng.<ref>Norton, Philip (21 December 2004). [[doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436|"How many bicameral legislatures are there?"]]. ''The Journal of Legislative Studies''. '''10''' (4): 1–9. doi:[[doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436|10.1080/1357233042000322436]]. ISSN 1357-2334. S2CID 143950774. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lekala la khuduthamaga la Botswana le eteletswe pele ke [[Tautona wa Botswana]], yo o dirang jaaka tlhogo ya lefatshe le tlhogo ya puso.<ref name=":6" /> Maloko a palamente a tlhopha tautona,<ref name=":9">Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240213145751/https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 Archived] from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> mme tautona o tlhoma [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|mothusa-tautona]] le [[matona]].<ref>Beaulier, Scott A.; Subrick, J. Robert (2006). [http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x "The Political Foundations of Development: The Case of Botswana"]. ''Constitutional Political Economy''. '''17''' (2): 103–115. doi:10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x. ISSN 1043-4062. S2CID 59354401. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. </ref> Tautona o na le dithata tse di bonalang mo Botswana, mme lekgotla la peomolao ga le na dithata tse dintsi tsa go tlhola tautona fa a setse a tlhomilwe.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2 January 2017). [[doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636|"Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty"]]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''35''' (1): 1–14. doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636. ISSN 0258-9001.</ref> Boatlhodi bo akaretsa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo le Dikgotlatshekelo tsa Bommakaseterata.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110218013129/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/ "The Hierarchy of the Courts"]. ''Government of Botswana''. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/ the original] on 18 February 2011.</ref> Dikgetse gantsi di rarabololwa ke dikgotlatshekelo tsa setso tse di okametsweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe.<ref name=":7" /> [[Ditlhopho mo Botswana]] di tshwarwa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano mme di okametswe ke [[Lekgotla le le Ikemetseng la Ditlhopho]] (IEC).<ref name=":10">Mogalakwe, Monageng (2 January 2015). [[doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210|"An assessment of Botswana's electoral management body to deliver fair elections"]]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''33''' (1): 105–120. doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210. ISSN 0258-9001. S2CID 154949350. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana e tsamaisa [[tsamaiso ya makoko a mantsi]] e mo go yone [[makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki]] a gaisanang mo ditlhophong.<ref name=":8" /> E ne e le lefatshe la lekoko le le laolang le mo go lone [[Botswana Democratic Party]] e neng e busa ka puso ya bontsi go tloga ka boipuso ka 1966 go fitlha ka 2024.<ref>Somolekae, Gloria (1 January 2005). [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/political-parties-in-botswana/ Political Parties in Botswana] (Report). Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. p. 6. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601230322/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/political-parties-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 74.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba di amogelwa jaaka [[tse di gololesegileng le tse di siameng]], fela lekoko le le busang le na le bomolemo jwa setheo se makoko a mangwe a se nang one.<ref name=":10" /><ref>Sebudubudu, David; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara (2010). [https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC88240 "The management of elections: the case of Botswana"]. ''Politeia''. '''29''' (1): 65–77. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175631/https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC88240 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Makgamu]] a tlwaelesegile mo makokong a sepolotiki a Botswana, mme ditlhopha di le mmalwa di tlhamile makoko a masha ka go kgaogana le a a tlhomilweng.<ref name=":8" /> Fa e sale ka 2019, [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e ntse e dira jaaka kopano ya makoko a kganetso.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN "Botswana opposition groups unite to challenge ruling BDP"]. ''Reuters''. 3 February 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221114062454/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN Archived] from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa bosheng di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 2024, fa lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa lone lekgetlho la ntlha mo ditsong, mme seo sa fedisa puso ya lone ya dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi mo lefatsheng leo. Ditlhopho di ne tsa bona [[Duma Boko]] a tlhophiwa go nna tautona.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o "Botswana election: Duma Boko – the politician who did the unthinkable"]. BBC. November 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tsa Botswana, dipolotiki tsa lone di ne di laolwa ke Tautona [[Seretse Khama]] le mothusa-tautona (tautona wa moragonyana) [[Quett Masire]].<ref>[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p. 58.</ref> Fa e sale ka [[Khuduthamaga ya Kgabo]] ka 1991, makgamu le dikgaisano tsa sepolotiki di laotse sepolotiki sa Botswana. Lekoko la [[Barata-Phathi]] le ne le eteletswe pele ke [[Peter Mmusi]], [[Daniel Kwelagobe]] le [[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], fa lekoko la [[A Team]] le ne le eteletswe pele ke [[Mompati Merafhe]] le [[Jacob Nkate]].<ref>Ntuane, Botsalo (2018). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90026925 "President Festus Mogae: The Regent Who Became King"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''50''': 333–338. ISSN 0525-5090. JSTOR 90026925. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref name=":11">Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824 "The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party"]. ''Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies''. '''27''' (2): 343–360. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175735/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824_The_2010_split_of_the_Botswana_Democratic_Party Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa [[Festus Mogae]] le [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ba nna tautona le mothusa tautona, ka go latelana, ba ne ba itebaganya le setlhopha sa A. Khama o ne a leleka A Team mo lekokong ka 2010 morago ga go nna tautona.<ref name=":11" /> Kgaisano e ntsha e ne ya bopega ka 2018 fa motlhatlhami wa ga Khama yo o tlhophilweng, Mokgweetsi Masisi a ne a nna tautona. O ne a ganetsa Khama, mme bobedi jo bo ne jwa bopa kgaisano ya sepolotiki e e tswelelang go tlhotlhoregela mo dipolotiking tsa Batswana ka dingwaga tsa bo 2020.<ref>Seabo, Batlang; Nyenhuis, Robert (2021). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S000202062100069X/type/journal_article "Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama"]. ''African Studies Review''. '''64''' (4): 854–883. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.69. ISSN 0002-0206. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. </ref> Botswana e ne ya bewa mo maemong a "puso ya batho ka batho e e nang le diphoso" mme e le ya bo 33 mo dinageng di le 167 mo [[Democracy Index (The Economist)]], e e neng e le maemo a bobedi a a kwa godimo mo Aforika, le maemo a a kwa godimo mo kontinenteng ya Aforika (ke fela setšhaba sa setlhaketlhake sa [[Mauritius]] se se kwa lewatleng se se neng se fenya maemo a yone).<ref>[https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/ "Democracy Index 2023"]. ''Economist Intelligence Unit''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215250/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/ Archived] from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka [[V-Dem Democracy Indices]] ya 2024, Botswana e ntse e itemogela tiragalo ya [[go boela morago ga puso ya batho ka batho]] mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng, mme ya rekota maduo a yone a a kwa tlase go gaisa otlhe mo ditshupaneng tseno. Ditshupane di tlhaola Botswana jaaka puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho e e mo ‘kgaolong e e bosetlha’ fa gare ga puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho le puso ya boikgethelo ya ditlhopho. Go feta foo, di bontsha gore Botswana e latlhegetswe ke maemo a yone jaaka "puso ya batho ka batho e e gololesegileng" ka 2021, ka dikarolo tsa yone tsa kgololesego, tsa go tsaya karolo le tsa dipuisano di fokotsega "ka maemo a a botlhokwa go ya ka dipalopalo", ka karolo ya bofelo e lemogilwe jaaka e e nnang "e e maswe thata".<ref>[https://www.v-dem.net/documents/44/v-dem_dr2024_highres.pdf "V-Dem Democracy Index"] (PDF). ''V-Dem''. pp. 14, 16, 21, 28. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240307211425/https://www.v-dem.net/documents/44/v-dem_dr2024_highres.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Transparency International]] [[Corruption Index]] ya 2023 e beile Botswana mo maemong a boraro a tshenyetso setshaba jo bo kwa tlase mo Aforika, ka fa tlase fela ga [[Cape Verde]] le [[Seychelles]].<ref>[https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 "2023 Corruption Perceptions Index: Explore the results"]. ''Transparency.org''. 30 January 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230204001659/https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2023.</ref> Botswana gape ke leloko la [[Mafatshe a selekane|Mafatshe a Selekane]].<ref>[https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries "Member countries"]. ''Commonwealth''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221031175159/https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries Archived] from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved </ref> === Dikamano le mafatshe a sele le sesole === [[Setshwantsho:Botswanatroopsboardplane.png|thumb|200x200px|Masole a Botswana a palama sefofane sa [[sesole sa Botswana]] go ya kwa Mozambique ka Phukwi 2021.]] Ka nakô ya boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne le sena sesôlê sê se nitlameng. E ne e le morago ga gore Masôlê a [[Rhodesia]] le a [[Sesole sa Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]] a lwantshiwê ke mephatô ya [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]] le [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]<ref>Parks, Michael (20 May 1986). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-20-mn-6620-story.html "S. Africa Raids 3 Nearby Nations : Attacks Rebel Bases in Capitals of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana"]. ''Los Angeles Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111150242/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-20/news/mn-6620_1_african-national-congress Archived] from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> mme [[Botswana Defence Force]] (BDF) ya tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa 1977.<ref name=":12">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162757/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/ "History of the BDF"]. ''gov.bw''. 25 August 2011. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/ the original] on 6 July 2011.</ref> Tautona ê nê e le [[molaodi wa sesôlè]] gape a tlhopha khansele ya itshireletso. Sesôlê sa Botswana se maloko a ka tshwara selekanyo sa 12,000. Ka 2019, Botswana e ne ya saena tumalano ya UN ya [[treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]].<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons"]. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en Archived] from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go latêla phetogô ya sepôlôtiki sa Aforika Borwa le sa kgaolo, sesôlê sa Botswana se nê sa itlama go sirêlêtsa diphôlôgôlô tsa tlhôlêgê, [[go baakanyetsa dibetso tsa tlhôlêgô]], gape tshegetsa go lêre kagisô kwa mafatsheng a sele. Lefatshe ja United States ke lengwe lê le thusang Botswana ka ditlhabololô, le sônê [[Botswana Defence Force|sesôlê sa Botswana]], ka bontsi jwa bônê ba fiwa ithuthuntshô ke ba lefatshe la U.S. Ithuthuntshô ê e tsêwa e le ya kônôkônô.<ref name=":12" /> Puso ya Botswana e ne ya naya Amerika tetla ya go sekaseka kgonagalo ya go tlhoma lefelo la Africa Command ([[AFRICOM]]) mo lefatsheng leo.<ref>U.S. Army Africa Public Affairs; Daniel, Spc. Tynisha; March, Meredith; Sampson, Sgt. Karen (15 January 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170718193102/http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe "Botswana Defence Force, U.S. Army Leaders Meet in Europe"]. ''africom.mil''. Archived from [http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe the original] on 18 July 2017.</ref> Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome matlhano le le nang le kagiso mo lefatsheng, go ya ka [[Global Peace Index]].<ref>[https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf "2024 Global Peace Index"] (PDF). p. 20.</ref> === Ditshwanelo tsa setho === [[Ditshwanelo|Lefelo la Botswana la Ditshwanelo tsa Setho]], [[Ditshwanelo]], le tlhomilwe ka 1993.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180218204716/http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/ "Ditshwanelo"]. ''ditshwanelo.org.bw''. 16 January 2018. Archived from [http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/ the original] on 18 February 2018.</ref> Go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 2019, ditiro tsa go ratana ka bong bo le bongwe di ne di le kgatlhanong le molao mo Botswana. Tshwetso ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana ya Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso wa ngwaga oo e ne ya phimola dipeelo tsa Molao wa Bosenyi tse di neng di otlhaya "kitso ya nama ya motho ope kgatlhanong le thulaganyo ya tlholego" le "ditiro tsa maitseo a a makgwakgwa", mme seo sa dira gore Botswana e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le bobedi a Aforika a a dirileng gore batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ba se ka ba nna molato kgotsa ba nne mo molaong.<ref>Fox, Kara. [https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html "Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa"]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190611111110/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Katlholelo loso]] ke katlholo ya semolao ya polao mo Botswana, mme dipolao di dirwa ka go kalediwa.<ref>Tshosa, Onkemetse (25 May 2021). [https://www.biicl.org/files/2216_tshosa_death_penalty_botswana.pdf "THE DEATH PENALTY IN BOTSWANA IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE FOR ABOLITION"] (PDF). p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210525162623/https://www.biicl.org/files/2216_tshosa_death_penalty_botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Bosquimanos-Grassland Bushmen Lodge, Botswana 04.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Monna wa Mosarwa (San) ]] ==== San le merafe e mengwe ya tlholego ==== Bontsi jwa batho ba tlholego ba San ba fudusitswe ka dikgoka go tswa mo lefatsheng la bone go ya kwa mafelong a a beetsweng kwa thoko. Go dira gore ba fuduge, ba ne ba kganelwa go bona metsi mo lefatsheng la bone mme ba ne ba lebana le go tshwarwa fa ba ka tsoma, e leng motswedi wa bone o mogolo wa dijo.<ref name=":13">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867 "Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us"]. ''BBC News''. 7 January 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325015238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867 Archived] from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mafeloa bone a mo gare ga tshimo e e humileng thata ya diteemane mo lefatsheng. Semmuso, puso e ganetsa gore go na le kgolagano epe le meepo, e bolela fa go fudusiwa e le go somarela diphologolo tsa naga le thulaganyo ya tikologo, le fa batho ba San ba ntse ba tshela ka tsela e e tswelelang mo lefatsheng ka dingwaga di le dikete.<ref name=":13" /> Mo dipeeletsong, ba kgaratlha thata go bona tiro, mme botagwa bo aname.<ref name=":13" /> Ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bone 2018, [[Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng wa UN wa Bathopotlana]], Fernand de Varennes, o ne a ntsha pegelo e e neng e ikuela mo Botswana "go oketsa maiteko a go lemoga le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba babotlana mabapi le ditirelo tsa setšhaba, tiriso ya lefatshe le didirisiwa, le tiriso ya [[dipuo tse di potlana]] mo thutong le mo mafelong mangwe a a botlhokwa."<ref>[https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/botswana-minorities-need-boost-education-and-health-care-says-un-expert#:~:text=GENEVA%20%2F%20GABORONE%20(24%20August%202018,on%20Minorities%2C%20Fernand%20de%20Varennes. "Botswana minorities need boost in education and health care, says UN expert urging Bill of Right"]. United Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175645/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/botswana-minorities-need-boost-education-and-health-care-says-un-expert#:~:text=GENEVA%20%2F%20GABORONE%20(24%20August%202018,on%20Minorities%2C%20Fernand%20de%20Varennes. Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Dikarolo tsa botsamaisi == [[Setshwantsho:Districts of Botswana in 1977.jpg|left|thumb|271x271px|Dikgaolo tsa Botswana ka 1977]] [[Setshwantsho:The Subdistricts of Botswana..png|thumb|221x221px|Dikgaolo le Dikgaolo-Potlana tsa Botswana]] Botswana e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome, dikgaolo tsa toropo di le pedi, ditoropo di le nne,<ref name=":14">[https://www.geonames.org/BW/administrative-division-botswana.html "Administrative Division of Botswana"]. ''geonames.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240223075024/https://www.geonames.org/BW/administrative-division-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> dikgaolopotlana di le lesome le motso mme, ka kakaretso, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome le borataro.<ref name=":14" /> Ba: * Legare * Chobe * Francistown * Gaborone * Ganzi * Jwaneng * Kgalagadi * Kgatleng * Kweneng * Lobatse * Bokone Botlhaba * Bokone Bophirima * Borwa Botlhaba * Borwa * Selibe Phikwe * Toropo ya Sowa<ref name=":14" /> Tseno di tsamaisiwa ke balaodi ba selegae ba le lesome le borataro (makgotla a dikgaolo, makgotla a toropo kgotsa makgotla a toropo).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170606002454/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/ "Botswana Government Ministries & Authorities"]. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/ the original] on 6 June 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.statoids.com/ubw.html "Botswana Districts"]. ''statoids.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812073605/http://www.statoids.com/ubw.html Archived] from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1977, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso ya Botswana e ne e le Ngamiland, Chobe, Francistown, Ngwato, Tuli, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Ngwaketse, Kweneng, Gaborone le Lobatse.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/resource/g8601f.ct002720/ "Botswana, administrative divisions"]. ''Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 United States''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240601053842/https://www.loc.gov/resource/g8601f.ct002720/ Archived] from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Chobe e ne ya tlosiwa mo go nneng karolo ya tsamaiso, mme leina la Ngamiland la fetolwa go nna kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima. Chobe e ne ya busiwa ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ka 2014. Ka lone letsatsi leo, go ne ga tsenngwa gape le dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso tsa Francistown, Gaborone, Jwaneng, Lobatse, Selibe Phikwe, le Toropo ya Sowa.<ref name=":14" /> == Itsholelo == Fa e sale Botswana a bona boipuso, e nnile le nngwe ya dikelo tsa kgolo e e bonako mo lotsenong lwa motho ka bongwe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ "Botswana"]. ''U.S. Department of State''. 20 January 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190604183438/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ Archived] from the original on 4 June 2019.</ref> Pele e ne e le lengwe la mafatshe a a humanegileng thata mo lefatsheng—ka GDP ya motho ka bongwe e e ka nnang US$70 ka ngwaga kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960<ref>Maundeni, Zibani; Mpabanga, Dorothy; Mfundisi, Adam (1 January 2007). [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/ "Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana"]. ''Africa Portal''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031142/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref>—Botswana e iphetotse go nna lefatshe la lotseno lo lo kwa godimo lo lo magareng. GDP ka tlhogo e godile go tswa go $439 ka 1950 go ya go $15,842 ka 2018.<ref>[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maddison-data-gdp-per-capita-in-2011us "GDP per capita"]. ''Our World in Data''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190720172734/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maddison-data-gdp-per-capita-in-2011us Archived] from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Le fa Botswana e ne e na le didirisiwa tse dintsi, letlhomeso le le siameng la setheo le ne la letla lefatshego beeletsa gape lotseno lwa didirisiwa go dira lotseno lo lo tlhomameng lwa isago.<ref>Baten, Jörg (2016). ''A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present''. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. ISBN 9781107507180.</ref> Ka phopholetso nngwe, le na le lotseno lotlhe lwa bosetšhaba lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo mo tekatekanong ya maatla a go reka mo Aforika, se se le nayang maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo mo Aforika, go tsamaelana le a Mexico.<ref>Kästle, Klaus (24 July 2009). [http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm "GNI PPP table"]. Nationsonline.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100115190433/http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm Archived] from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2022, seelo sa letlhoko la ditiro se ne se le kwa go 25.4%, fa letlhoko la ditiro la basha le fitlheletse 45.41% ka 2023.<ref>[https://www.botswanalmo.org.bw/labour_statistics "Labour Statistics | Botswana Labour Market Observatory"]. ''www.botswanalmo.org.bw''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.statista.com/statistics/811692/youth-unemployment-rate-in-botswana/ "Botswana – youth unemployment rate 2004–2023"]. ''Statista''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Tshedimosetso ya bosheng e e leng teng go tswa ka 2015/2016 e fopholetsa gore 17.2% ya baagi ba Botswana ba humanegile ka ditsela tse dintsi, mme 19.7% e nngwe e mo kotsing.<ref>[https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/BWA.pdf "Multidimensional Poverty Index Botswana"] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Reports''. 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Lephata la kgwebo le madirelo la Botswana]] le rwele maikarabelo a go rotloetsa [[tlhabololo ya dikgwebo]] lefatshe leo ka bophara. Go ya ka [[Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi]], kgolo ya itsholelo e ne e le palogare ya go feta 9% ka ngwaga go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1999. Botswana e na le maemo a a kwa godimo a kgololesego ya itsholelo fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=99&dir=2007/September/Thursday6/ "Botswana ranked Africa's leader in economic freedom"]. mmegi.bw. 19 May 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170822145230/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=99&dir=2007/September/Thursday6/ Archived] from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Puso e tshegeditse melao e e siameng ya matlole, le fa go ne go na le ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi ka go latelana ka 2002 le 2003, le maemo a a sa reng sepe a dikoloto tsa kwa ntle. Le amogetse tekanyetso e e kwa godimo ya sekoloto sa puso mo Aforika mme e bolokile dipolokelo tsa kananyo ya mafatshe a sele (go feta $7 bilione ka 2005/2006) e e ka nnang dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo tsa diromelwateng tsa ga jaana.<ref>Mugoti, Godfrey (2009). ''Africa (a-z)''. [Place of publication not identified]: Lulu Com. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-4357-2890-5. OCLC 946180025.</ref> Molaomotheo o tlamela ka boatlhodi jo bo ikemetseng, mme puso e tlotla seo mo tirisong. Tsamaiso ya semolao e lekane go dira ditirisano tsa kgwebo tse di sireletsegileng, le fa go salela kwa morago mo go ntseng go oketsega ga dikgetsi go thibela ditsheko ka nako. Botswana e mo maemong a bobedi fela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo mafatsheng a Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara mo International Property Rights Index ya 2014.<ref>[http://internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/countries?r=A&f=ipri&o=desc "The International Property Rights Index 2014: Africa by Score"]. The International Property Rights Index. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141240/http://internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/countries?r=A&f=ipri&o=desc Archived] from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Matlapa le ditswammung tse di tlhwatlhwakgolo === [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]], o o humileng go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>[https://www.mining.com/featured-article/ranked-worlds-richest-diamond-mines/ "RANKED: World's richest diamond mines"]. ''Mining.com''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref>]] Mo Botswana, Lephata la Meepo le Ditswammung, Kgotetse le Tshireletsego ya Maatla le boloka tshedimosetso mabapi le meepo mo lefatsheng lotlhe.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130910164527/http://www.mines.gov.bw/ "Department of Mines"]. 20 July 2007. Archived from [http://www.mines.gov.bw/ the original] on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[http://www.gov.bw/ "The Government of Botswana – Home"]. 9 February 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209200236/http://www.gov.bw/ Archived] from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Debswana]], e leng kompone e kgolo ya [[meepo ya diteemane]] e e dirang mo Botswana, ke kompone e e kopanetsweng, sephatlo sa yone ke ya puso.<ref>[[:en:Joe_Nocera|Nocera, Joe]] (8 August 2008). [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/business/worldbusiness/09nocera.html "Diamonds are Forever in Botswana"]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110829063851/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/business/worldbusiness/09nocera.html Archived] from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Madirelo a diteemane a tlamela ka bokana ka 40% ya lotseno lotlhe lwa puso.<ref>[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/BOTSWANAEXTN/0,,menuPK:322821~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:322804,00.html "Botswana Country Brief"]. World Bank. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090427113006/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/BOTSWANAEXTN/0,,menuPK:322821~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:322804,00.html Archived] from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Lefatshe la Botswana ga le ise le simolole go epa uranium; le fa go ntse jalo, Porojeke ya Uranium ya Letlhakane mo Aforika ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa uranium tse di iseng di tlhabololwe.<ref>[https://lotusresources.com.au/projects/letlhakane-overview/ "Letlhakane Overview"]. ''Lotus Resources''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240313041901/https://lotusresources.com.au/projects/letlhakane-overview/ Archived] from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Puso e itsisitse mo tshimologong ya 2009 gore ba tla leka go farologanya itsholelo ya bone le go tila go ikaega thata ka diteemane.<ref>[http://www.11ikc.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2013 "International Kimberlite Conference – Host Country – Botswana"]. ''11ikc.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531230207/http://www.11ikc.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2013 Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Bojanala === [[Setshwantsho:Red-billed oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) on impala (Aepyceros melampus).jpg|thumb|Red-billed oxpecker mo godimo ga phala kwa Chobe.]] [[Mokgatlho wa Bojanala wa Botswana]] ke setlhopha sa bojanala sa semmuso sa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/ "Home | Botswana Tourism Organisation"]. ''www.botswanatourism.co.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240124120158/https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mafelo a mangwe mo Botswana a akaretsa Gaborone Yacht Club le Kalahari Fishing Club. Lefatshe leo le na le dilo tsa tlholego tse di kgatlhang jaaka [[Gaborone dam|letamo la Gaborone]] le [[Mokolodi Nature Reserve|tshireletso ya tlholego ya Mokolodi]]. Go na le [[mabala a golofo]] a Mokgatlho wa Golofo wa Botswana (BGU) o o tlhokomelang.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090808044920/http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/ "Botswana Golf Union (BGU)"]. ''botswanagolfunion.org.bw''. 20 September 2011. Archived from [http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/ the original] on 8 August 2009.</ref> Ka 2014, [[Okavango Delta]] ya Botswana, e leng delta e kgolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng, e ne ya kwalwa jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la sekete.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 "World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana"]. UNESCO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234253/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Mafaratlhatlha === [[Setshwantsho:PSX 20190111 022104.jpg|thumb|180x180px|[[Air Botswana]] 31/12/18]] [[Setshwantsho:Francistown interchange Botswana.png|thumb|220x220px|Thapama Interchange, [[Francistown]], [[Botswana]]]] Botswana e na le diporo tsa dikilometara di le 971, ditsela tsa dikilometara di le 18 443,8 le maemelo a difofane a le masome a ferabongwe le bobedi, mme a le lesome le bobedi a one a na le ditsela tse di didilweng. Mo ditseleng tseo, dikilometara di le 7 383.2 di didilwe, fa dikilometara tse dingwe di le 11 060.6 di sa dilwa.<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country "About Our Country § Transport"]. [[:en:Government_of_Botswana|Government of Botswana]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022105828/https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Setlamo sa difofane sa setshaba ke sa [[Air Botswana]], se se fofang mo gae le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe mo Aforika. [[Botswana Railways]] ke kompone ya bosetšhaba ya diterena, e e dirang thata mo thulaganyong ya diterena tsa kgaolo ya Borwa jwa Aforika. Botswana Railways e fa ditiro tsa dipalamo tse di tsamaisang mefuta e e farologanyeng ya ditirelo mo makalaneng a meepo le madirelo , gammogo le ditirelo tsa terena ya bapalami le maemelodikepe a a omileng.<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions/ "Ministry of Transport and Communications"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180729080321/http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions Archived] from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile "Botswana Railways"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232609/http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile Archived] from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa re bua ka mafaratlhatlha a motlakase mo Botswana, lefatshe leo le ntsha magala a motlakase mme le reka oli kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Bosheng jaana, lefatshe le tsere kgatlhego e kgolo mo metsweding ya kgotletso a a ntšhwafadiwang mme e tlhamile leano le le tseneletseng la go ngoka babeeletsi mo madirelong a kgotletsoa a ntšhwafadiwang a phefo, a letsatsi le a biomass. Diteishene tsa motlakase tsa Botswana di akaretsa [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule B]] (600 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule A]] (132 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Orapa]] (90 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Phakalane]] (1.3 MW) le [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Mmamabula]] (300 MW), tseo go lebeletsweng gore di tla nna tsa maranyane mo nakong e sa fediseng pelo. [[Sefetlhamotlakase sa letsatsi]] sa 200-MW se mo kgatong ya go rulaganngwa le go tlhamiwa kwa Lephateng la Meepo, Maranyane le Tshireletsego ya Kgotletso.<ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows "Unusual Tourism ministry solar power plant tender raises eyebrows"]. ''Sunday Standard''. Gaborone. 3 December 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028231344/https://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows/ Archived] from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232514/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=1253&dir=2012/June/Friday22/ "Botswana – energy sector overview"]. ''mmegi.bw''. 22 June 2012. Archived from [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=1253&dir=2012/June/Friday22/ the original] on 21 January 2019.</ref> Lefatshe ja Botswana le ntse le nosiwa mêtse ke makalana a a farologaneng mô dingwagêng difetileng. Water Utilities Corporation e ntse e nosa ditorôpô le ditorôpôkgolo. Mô godimo ga môo, kômpône êno, e ntse e tshwaragane le Lephata ja Mêtse le Dikhansele tsa Dikgaolô ka bokete jwa mêtse go abiwa le mafelo a mangwê a lefatshe leno. Maikaêlêlô a Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse ke go rarabolola ditsamaisô tsêno marara, go bêng jalo go nne bonôlô go isa mêtse kwa bathung.Eeng sê se tlamilêng gore go diragadiwê Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse? Kanokô ya Lenanêôlegolo ja Setshaba ja Phatlalatsô Mêtse ja 2005-2006, le ne la re go diriwê diphêtogôdigolo mô mhamêng wa mêtse, mme dingwe tsa tsônê e le gore, go kgaoganngwê tsamaisô ya mhama wa mêtse le makalana a mangwê a a thusang ka ditirêlô. Morago ga dikanokô tsêo, ba ne ba gakolola gore Water Utilities Corporation e tsêyê tsamaisô yôtlhê ya go nosa lefatshe jêno<ref>www.mmewr.gov.bw/downloads/download.php?dir</ref>. ==Dipalopalo== Go tloga ka 2024, [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] ke morafe o o nang le bontsi mo Botswana, ba dira mo e ka nnang 79% ya baagi, ba latelwa ke [[Bakalaka|Ba-Kalanga]] ka 11% le [[Basarwa|Ba-San]] (Basarwa) ka 3%. 7% e e setseng e na le [[Batswana ba Basweu]]/Batswana ba Yuropa,<ref name=":2" /> [[Makula|Maindia]],<ref name=":2" /> le palo ya merafe e mengwe e mennye ya Borwa jwa Aforika. Ditlhopha tsa tlholego di akaretsa [[Bayeyi|Bayei]], Bambukushu, [[Basubia]], Baherero le [[Bakgalagadi]]. Batho ba bannye ba Maindia ba bopilwe ke bafaladi ba bsheng le ditlogolwana tsa bafaladi ba Maindia ba ba gorogileng go tswa kwa [[Mozambique]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Mauritius]] le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://www.med.upenn.edu/radiationoncologymedicalresidency/assets/user-content/documents/Botwana%20Handbook.pdf "Botswana U-PENN Partnership"] (PDF). p. 10. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531100746/https://www.med.upenn.edu/radiationoncologymedicalresidency/assets/user-content/documents/Botwana%20Handbook.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Bevölkerungspyramide Botswana 2016.png|thumb|220x220px|Pyramid ya baagi ba Botswana, 2016]] Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2000, ka ntlha ya go senyega ga maemo a itsholelo kwa [[Zimbabwe]], palo ya [[batho ba Zimbabwe kwa Botswana]] e tlhatlogetse go nna dikete di le masomesome.<ref>[https://zimbabwe.iom.int/news/zimbabwe-diaspora-botswana-commends-goz-engagement-efforts-acknowledges-iom-support#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to,financial%20services%20among%20other%20sectors. "Zimbabwe diaspora in Botswana commends GoZ engagement efforts, acknowledges IOM support"]. ''IOM Zimbabwe''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230925164056/https://zimbabwe.iom.int/news/zimbabwe-diaspora-botswana-commends-goz-engagement-efforts-acknowledges-iom-support#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to,financial%20services%20among%20other%20sectors. Archived] from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Batho ba ba kwa tlase ga dikete tse some [[Basarwa|ba San]] ba santse ba tshela mokgwa wa bona wa botshelo wa setso wa [[go tsoma le go kgetla]]. Go tloga ka bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, puso ya bogareng ya Botswana e ntse e leka go ntsha Basarwa mo mafatsheng a bona a ditso, gongwe ka gonne ba nna mo kgaolong e e humileng ka diteemane.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160808232807/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html "African Bushmen Tour U.S. to Fund Fight for Land"]. ''National Geographic''. 9 September 2004. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html the original] on 8 August 2016.</ref> Ka 2010, [[James Anaya]], jaaka Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng ka ga seemo sa ditshwanelo tsa setho le dikgololesego tsa motheo tsa batho ba tlholego mo Lekgotleng la Ditshaba, o tlhalositse go latlhegelwa ke lefatshe jaaka seabe se segolo mo mathateng a mantsi a batho ba tlholego ba Botswana ba lebaneng le one, a nopola go ntshiwa ga Basarwa kwa [[Central CKGR Game Reserve]] (CKGR)<ref>[https://kubwafive-safaris.com/visit-central-kalahari-game-reserve-in-botswana/ "Visit Central Kalahari Game Reserve In Botswana"]. ''Kubwa Five Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201027071139/https://kubwafive-safaris.com/visit-central-kalahari-game-reserve-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> e le sekai se se kghethegileng.<ref name=":15">Anaya, James (2 June 2010). [http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana] (PDF) (Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181006041536/http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref>^:2 Gareng ga dikgakololo tsa ga Anaya mo pegong e e yang kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla La Ditshaba e ne e le gore mananeo a tlhabololo a tshwanetse go rotloetsa, ka go rerisana le merafe ya tlholego jaaka batho ba San le Bakgalagadi, ditiro tse di tsamaelanang le setso sa merafe eo jaaka ditiro tsa setso tsa go tsoma le go kokoanya^{<ref name=":15" />:19} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="10" |Ditoropo tse dikgolo mo Botswana Palobatho ya Botswana 2022 |- !Rank !Leina !Kgaolo !Palo ya batho !Rank !Leina !Kgaolo !Palo ya batho |- |1 |[[Gaborone]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]] |246,325 |11 |[[Kanye]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Borwa]] |48,028 |- |2 |[[Francistown]] |[[Kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba|Bokone-Botlhaba]] |103,417 |12 |[[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |42,488 |- |3 |[[Mogoditshane]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]] |88,006 |13 |[[Letlhakane]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |36,338 |- |4 |[[Maun]] |[[Kgaolo ya Bokone-Bophirima|Bokone-Bophirima]] |84,993 |14 |[[Ramotswa]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]] |33,271 |- |5 |[[Molepolole]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]] |74,674 |15 |[[Lobatse]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]] |29,772 |- |6 |[[Serowe]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |55,676 |16 |[[Mmopane]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]] |25,345 |- |7 |[[Tlokweng]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]] |55,508 |17 |[[Thamaga]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]] |25,297 |- |8 |[[Palapye]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |52,636 |18 |[[Moshupa]] |[[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Borwa]] |23,858 |- |9 |[[Mochudi]] |[[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgatleng]] |50,317 |19 |[[Tonota]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |23,296 |- |10 |[[Mahalapye]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |48,431 |20 |[[Bobonong]] |[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]] |21,216 |} === Diteme === Teme ya semmuso mo Botswana ke Sekgoa, mme ê e buiwang thata mô Botswana ke [[Setswana]],<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country "About Our Country"]. ''Gov.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022105828/https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. Botswana o na le merafe e le mmalwa go ralala lefatshe, e e kopanetsweng e le Batswana. Puo ya semmuso ke Sekgowa mme Setswana ke puo ya setshaba, le fa go na le dipuo tse dingwe tse di buiwang."</ref> ke sônê se golaganyang merafe ê farologanyeng go utlwana. Mo Setswaneng, ditlhongwa di botlhokwa go gaisa ka fa di leng ka teng mo dipuong tse dingwe tse dintsi, ka gonne Setswana ke [[puo ya Bantu]] mme e na le ditlhopha tsa maina tse di supiwang ke ditlhongwa tse. Di akaretsa ''Bo'', e e kayang lefatshe, ''Ba'', e e kayang batho, ''Mo'', e e leng motho a le mongwe, le ''Se'' e e leng puo. Sekai, morafe o mogolo wa Botswana ke morafe wa Tswana, ke ka moo leina la Botswana le bidiwang lefatshe la teng. Batho ka kakaretso ke Batswana, motho a le mongwe ke Motswana, mme puo e ba e buang ke Setswana.<ref>[https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/cultural-people-botswana.html "Culture and Traditions of Botswana"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240421205122/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/cultural-people-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/tswana "South African History Online"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240203180415/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/tswana Archived] from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka gore go merafe ê e farologanyeng, Botswana o nale diteme tsê dingwe tsê di buiwang ke merafe êo, jaaka: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Teme !! Morafe |- | Sesarwa || [[Basarwa|Barwa]] |- |Sekgôthu |[[Bakgôthu]] |- | Sebirwa || <small>[[Babirwa]]</small> |- | Sesubiya || [[Basubiya]] |- | Sekalaka || [[Bakalaka]] |- | Sekgalagadi || [[Bakgalagadi]] |- | Sehambukushu || [[Bahambukushu]] |- | Seherero || [[Baherero]] |- | Sengwato || [[Bangwato]] |- | Setswapong || [[Batswapong]] |} === Tumelo === Go fopholediwa gore 77% ya baagi ba naga ba itlhaola e le Bakeresete. [[Ma-Anglican]], [[Ma-Methodist]] le [[Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Borwa jwa Aforika]] ke bontsi jwa mekgatlho ya Bokeresete. Gape lefatshe le le na le diphuthego tsa: * [[Bolutere]] * [[Kolobetso]] * [[Kereke ya Roma]] * [[Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo]] * [[Kereke ya Dutch Reformed]] * [[Mennonites]] * [[Badumedi ba Sabata]] * [[Basupi ba ga Jehofa]] * [[Kereke ya Orthodox ya Serbia]] Go ya ka palo ya batho ya 2001, setšhaba seo se na le [[Muslims]] ba ka nnadikete tse tlhano (bogolo jang ba ba tswang kwa Asia Borwa), [[Bahindu]] ba le dikete tse tharo le ba le makgolo a supa ba [[Tumelo ya Baháʼí]]. Mo e ka nnang 20% ​​ya baagi ba itshupa [[ba se na bodumedi]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190527/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/botswana/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=20100 "Botswana"]. ''Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project''. 2010. Archived from [http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/botswana/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=20100 the original] on 16 December 2013.</ref> === Botsogo === Tsamaiso ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo ya Botswana e ntse e tokafala le go atologa ka iketlo.<ref name=":16">[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition "Health and nutrition"]. ''unicef.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220331124951/https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition Archived] from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka tlhamalalo, dikelo tsa dintsho tsa masea le tsa baimana di ntse di fokotsega ka iketlo.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ "Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"]. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240208191649/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ Archived] from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Diperesente di le masome a ferabobedi le botlhano tsa baagi ba nna mo lefelong la botsogo la dikilometara di le tlhano. Diperesente di le masome a supa le boraro tsa basadi ba ba imileng ba fitlhelela ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya pele ga pelegi bonnye makgetlho a le mane. Mo e ka nnang diperesente di le lekgolo tsa matsalo mo Botswana a diragala kwa dikokelong.<ref name=":16" /> [[Setshwantsho:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 228.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Scottish Livingstone Hospital]] kwa [[Molepolole]]]] Lephata la Botsogo<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ "Ministry of Health"]. Archived from [http://www.moh.gov.bw/ the original] on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> mo Botswana le na le maikarabelo a go okamela boleng le kabo ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. [[Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng]] fa ngwana a tsholwa e ne e le masome matlhano le botlhano ka 2009 go ya ka World Bank, e e neng e wetse tlase go tswa mo setlhoeng sa masome marataro le bone le sephatlo sa 0.1 ka 1990 go ya kwa tlase kwa go masome mane le boferabongwe ka 2002.<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/country/botswana "World Bank Botswana Data"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110709120507/http://data.worldbank.org//country//botswana Archived] from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa e sale ka palobatho ya Botswana ya 2011, dingwaga tsa ga jaana tsa botshelo di fopholediwa go nna dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bone le .06.<ref name=":2" /> [[Mokgatlho wa Kankere mo Botswana|Mokgatlho wa kankere wa Botswana]] ke mokgatlho wa boithaopo o e seng wa puso o o leng leloko la lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la taolo ya kankere. Mokgatlho o tlaleletsa ditirelo tse di leng teng ka go tlamela ka mananeo a thibelo ya kankere le go tsibosa ka boitekanelo, go tlhofofatsa phitlhelelo ya ditirelo tsa botsogo tsa balwetse ba kankere le go neelana ka tshegetso le kgakololo mo go ba ba amegang.<ref>[http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana "Cancer Association of Botswana"]. Union for International Cancer Control. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130528080003/http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana Archived] from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Maduo a Botswana a 2024 a Global Hunger Index (GHI) ke 20.7.<ref>[https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html "Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank"]. ''Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Segajaja sa HIV/AIDS === [[Setshwantsho:Life expectancy in select African countries, 1950–2019.jpg|thumb|290x290px|Tebelelo ya botshelo mo mafatsheng a a tlhophilweng a Borwa jwa Aforika, 1950–2019. [[HIV/AIDS]] e dirile gore dingwaga tsa botshelo di fokotsege.]] Fela jaaka mo mafelong a mangwe mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara, [[manokonoko a AIDS mo itsholelong]] a magolo thata. Ditshenyegelo tsa tlhabololo ya itsholelo di ne tsa fokodiwa ka 10% ka 2002–2003 ka ntlha ya ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi tse di ipoeletsang le ditshenyegelo tse di tlhatlogang mo ditirelong tsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le amilwe thata ke [[segajaja sa AIDS]]; ka 2006, go ne ga fopholediwa gore dingwaga tsa botshelo fa motho a tsholwa di ne di wetse tlase go tswa go dingwaga di le masome marataro le botlhano go ya go di le masome mararo le botlhano.<ref>Kallings, LO (2008). [[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|"The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS"]]. ''J Intern Med''. '''263''' (3): 218–243. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18205765 18205765]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205339589 205339589].</ref> Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng ke dingwaga di le masome marataro le borataro le.4 go tloga ka 2024.<ref name=":2" /> Ka 2003, puso e ne ya simolola thulaganyo e e tseneletseng e e neng e akaretsa melemo ya mahala kgotsa e e tlhwatlhwatlase ya [[antiretroviral]] mmogo le letsholo la tshedimosetso le le diretsweng go emisa go anama ga mogare ono; ka 2013, go feta 40% ya bagolo kwa Botswana ba ne ba kgona go bona kalafi ya diritibatsi.<ref name=":17">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160620173755/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/unaids_gap_report_en.pdf "The Gap Report"] (PDF). Geneva: UN AIDS. 2014. Archived from [http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf the original] (PDF) on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref>^{: 28} Mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga di le 15–19, go anama go ne go fopholediwa go 6% mo basading le 3.5% mo banneng ka 2013,<ref name=":17" />^:33, mme mo setlhopheng sa 20–24, 15% mo basading le 5% mo banneng.<ref name=":17" />^:33 Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le motso a a tlang pele a a supilweng ke setlhopha sa AIDS sa UN ka 2011 mo Leanong la Lefatshe Lotlhe go fedisa dipalo tse disha HIV mo baneng le go boloka bomme ba bone gore ba tshele.<ref name=":17" />^:38 Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya palo ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano. Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba tshwaeditsweng ke HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya phokotsego ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga tse tlhano.<ref name=":17" />^:39,40 Mo mafatsheng a Leano la Lefatshe Lotlhe la UN, batho ba ba tshelang ka HIV kwa Botswana ke bone ba ba amogelang kalafi ya diritibatsi ka diperesente tse di kwa godimo: e ka nna 75% mo bagolong (dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta) le e ka nna 98% mo baneng.<ref name=":17" />^:237 Lefatshe le amilwe thata ke [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana|segajaja sa HIV/AIDS]]. Ka 2002, Botswana e nnile lefatshe la ntlha go aba ka [[melemo ya anti-retroviral]] (ARVs) go thusa go lwantsha leroborobo leo.<ref>Rollnick, Roman (September 2002). [https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/botswanas-high-stakes-assault-aids "Botswana's high-stakes assault on AIDS"]. ''[[:en:Africa_Renewal|Africa Renewal]]''. '''16''' (10). United Nations: 6–9. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12458550 12458550]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230113083425/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/botswanas-high-stakes-assault-aids Archived] from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Le fa go ne ga simololwa mananeo a go dira gore kalafi e nne teng le go ruta batho ka segajaja se,<ref>Powell, Alvin (16 April 2009). [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/04/mogae-shifts-stress-to-hiv-prevention/ "Mogae shifts stress to HIV prevention"]. ''[[:en:Harvard_Gazette|Harvard Gazette]]''. [[:en:Harvard_University|Harvard University]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329064055/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/04/mogae-shifts-stress-to-hiv-prevention/ Archived] from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> palo ya batho ba ba nang le AIDS e ne ya tlhatloga go tswa go 290 000 ka 2005 go ya go 320 000 ka 2013.<ref name=":17" />^:A20 Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingagweng tse di sa tswang go feta, lefatshe le dirile diphithelelo tse di bonalang mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS, ka maiteko a a dirwang go tlamela ka kalafi e e siameng le go fokotsa seelo sa phetisetso ya mogare go tswa mo go mmangwana go ya kwa leseeng.<ref>[https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/december/emtct_botswana "Botswana is first country with severe HIV epidemic to reach key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission"]. Brazzaville: UN AIDS. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731120716/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/december/emtct_botswana Archived] from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|"Partnership for Success: CDC and Botswana Lead Progress Toward HIV Epidemic Control"]]. [[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]. 30 September 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329064059/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhivtb/who-we-are/success-stories/success-story-pages/partnership-for-success.html Archived] from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka lenaneo la lefatshe ka bophara la Thibelo ya Phetiso ya HIV go tswa go Mmangwana go ya kwa Leseeng, Botswana e fokoditse phetiso ya HIV go tswa mo go bomme ba ba nang le mogare go ya kwa baneng ba bone go tswa mo go kanna ka 40% ka 2003 go ya go 4% ka 2010. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Festus Mogae]], puso ya Botswana e ne ya kopa thuso ya kwa ntle mo go fodiseng batho ba ba nang le HIV/ AIDS mme ya bona thuso ka bonako go tswa go [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] le Mokgatlho wa Merck, o mmogo o neng wa bopa African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP). Balekane ba bangwe ba ntlha ba akaretsa [[Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute]] ya [[Sekolo sa Harvard sa Boitekanelo jwa Setšhaba]] le Tirisanommogo ya Botswana–UPenn ya [[Yunibesithi ya Pennsylvania]]. Go ya ka Pego ya UNAIDS ya 2011, phitlhelelo ya kalafi mo lefatsheng lotlhe—e e tlhalosiwang jaaka 80% kgotsa go feta—e fitlheletswe mo Botswana.<ref>''[http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf World AIDS Day Report]'' (PDF), UNAIDS, 2011, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013, retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Setso == [[Setshwantsho:Tomeletso Seeretsi.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Tomeletso Sereetsi wa Sereetsi & The Natives a diragatsa kwa Maitisong Theatre mo Gaborone. Setshwantsho ka Thalefang Charles]] [[Setshwantsho:Tswana Small Basket.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Tlatlana ya Setswana]] Mmino wa Botswana bontsi ke wa lentswe le go diragadiwa, fa gongwe go sena meropa go ikaegile ka moletlo; gape o dirisa thata diletswa tsa megala. Mmino wa setso wa Botswana o na le diletswa jaaka setinkane (mofuta wa piano e nnye), segankure/segaba (mofuta wa seletswa sa Setšhaena sa [[erhu]]), moropa (''meropa'' go kaya bontsi) le phala (phala e e dirisiwang thata ka nako ya meletlo). Diatla ka dinako tse dingwe di dirisiwa jaaka diletswa tsa mmino le tsone, ka go opa diatla mmogo kgotsa kgatlhanong le ''phathisi'' (letlalo la podi le le retolotsweng ka fa teng le le phuthetsweng mo lefelong la potongwane, le dirisiwa fela ke banna) go tlhama mmino le moribo. Pina ya setshaba ke "[[Fatshe leno la rona]]", e e kwadilweng le go tlhamiwa ke [[Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete]]; e ne ya amogelwa fa go ne go bonwa boipuso ka 1966.<ref>Makgala, Christian John (3 July 2014). "Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''66''' (3): 504–520. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582473.2014.898081|10.1080/02582473.2014.898081]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0258-2473 0258-2473]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159475736 159475736].</ref><ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/31255 "Welcome to Daily News .:. General - Birth of nation"]. ''dailynews.gov.bw''. [https://archive.today/20200126140631/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=31255 Archived] from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html "Botswana Music"]. ''KnowBotswana''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200321163524/http://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html Archived] from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Kwa bokone jwa Botswana, bomme ba metse ya Etsha le [[Gumare]] ba itsege ka botswerere jwa bone jwa go dira diroto ka [[setlhare sa mokola]] le [[mebala]] ya selegae. Diroto ka kakaretso di logwa ka mefuta e meraro: mebanki e megolo e e nang le dikhurumelo e e dirisediwang go boloka; ditlatlana tse dikgolo tse di bulegileng tsa go rwala dilo mo tlhogong kgotsa tsa go hehera mabele a a photlhilweng; le ditshelo tse dinnye tsa go hehera mabele a a thugilweng. Diroto tse di dirisa mmala ka tlhomamo.<ref>[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFCunninghamMilton1987|Cunningham & Milton 1987]].</ref> Ditshwantsho tsa bogologolo go tswa kwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa di bontsha ditshwantsho tsa go tsoma, diphologolo le batho, mme di dirilwe ke Bakhoisan (Kung San/Bushmen) dingwaga di feta dikete tse masome mabedi tse di fetileng mo teng ga [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]].<ref>[http://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/4/post/2017/05/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art.html "An Introduction to Bushman Rock Art"]. ''VISIONARY ART EXHIBITION''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/archaic-visions/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Dijo === Dijo tsa bosetšhaba ke [[Nama ya Seswaa|seswaa]], nama e e thugilweng e e dirilweng ka nama ya podi kgotsa ya kgomo, kgotsa nama e e omisitsweng, e e fodisitsweng ya [[Segwapa]] go simolola ka nama ya kgomo go ya go nama ya diphologolo, e ka nna di-fillet tsa nama tse di segilweng go nna megalanyana go tsamaya ka meralo ya mesifa, kgotsa dikarolo tse di sephaphathi tse di segilweng go kgabaganya moralo. Dijo tsa Botswana di na le setshwano sengwe le dijo tse dingwe tsa borwa jwa Aforika.<ref>[https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html "The Food of Botswana – Traditional Botswana Cuisine"]. ''botswana.co.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230106140404/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Dikai tsa dijo tsa Botswana ke: [[bogobe]], [[phaletshe]] (bogobe jwa mmidi), [[Boerewors|boroso]], [[setampa]], [[Magwinya]] le [[phane]]. Bogobe bo dirwa ka go tsenya boupi jwa mabele, mmidi kgotsa lebelebele mo metsing a a belang, bo bo bo fuduiwa go nna motogo o o boleta, mme bo apewe ka iketlo. Sejo se se bidiwang ''ting'' se dirwa fa mashi le sukiri di tsenngwa mo mabelen kgotsa mmiding o o bedisitsweng. Ting e e senang mashi le sukiri ka dinako tse dingwe e jewa ka nama kgotsa merogo ka nako ya dijo tsa motshegare kgotsa tsa maitseboa. Tsela e nngwe ya go dira bogobe ke go tsenya madila le lerotse. Morafe wa Kalanga o bitsa sejo seno ''thopi''. Madila a diriwa ka mashi a a bedisitsweng a setso a a tshwanang le [[yogurt]] kgotsa [[sour cream]].<ref>Ohenhen, Regina; Imarenezor, E.P.K; Kihuha, A.N. (2013), [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533 "Microbiome of madila – a southern-african fermented milk product"], ''International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences'', vol. 2 (2) (2013) 170–175, [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180657/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533_Microbiome_of_madila_-_a_southern-african_fermented_milk_product archived] from the original on 4 June 2024, retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Metshameko === [[Setshwantsho:Francistown Stadium Botswana.jpg|thumb|210x210px|[[Obed Itani Chilume Stadium|Lebala la Metshameko la Obed Itani Chilume]]]] [[Kgwele ya dinao]] ke motshameko o o tumileng thata mo Botswana. Go iponela phatlha go ya kwa Sejaneng sa Ditšhabatšhaba sa Aforika sa 2012 ke phitlhelelo e e kwa godimo ya setlhopha sa bosetšhaba go fitlha ga jaana. Metshameko e mengwe e e ratwang ke softball, [[cricket]], tennis, [[rugby]], badminton, [[handball]], golf le mabelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090114095524/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 "Sparks to fly at Diamond"]. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). 26 January 2006. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 the original] on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003050400/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 "Opinion the Academic World"]. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 the original] on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana ke leloko le le tshwaraganeng le Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Kirikete. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la nna leloko la lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la Badminton le la Africa Badminton Federation ka ngwaga wa 1991. Lekgotla la [[Botswana Golf Union]] le na le liki ya batshameki ba golofo ba ba sa itseng go le kalo e mo go yone batshameki ba golofo ba gaisanang mo dikgaisanyong le mo dikgaisanong tsa bommampodi. Motabogi [[Nijel Amos]] o ne a gapela Botswana setsele sa ntlha sa diolimpiki ka 2012, a tsaya [[selefera]] mo lebelong la dimitara di le 800. Ka ngwaga wa 2011, [[Amantle Montsho]] o ne a nna [[mmampodi wa lefatshe]] mo lobelong lwa dimitara di le makgolo a mane mme a ikgapela sekgele sa ntlha sa Botswana sa mabelo mo maemong a lefatshe. Motlodi wa high jump [[Kabelo Kgosiemang]] ke [[mmampodi wa Aforika]] makgetlho a le mararo. [[Isaac Makwala]] ke motabogi yo o itsegeng ka dimitara di le 400 yo e neng e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa gauta kwa Metshamekong ya Mafatshe a Selekane ka 2018. [[Baboloki Thebe]] e ne e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa selefera mo dimitara di le 200 kwa Diolimpiking tsa Basha tsa Selemo tsa 2014 mme o ne a fitlha kwa makgaolakgannyeng kwa 2014 World Junior Championships mo mabelong. [[Ross Branch|Ross Branch Ross]], mokgweetsi wa dithuthuthu, o tshotse maemo a ntlha mo Bommampoding ba Aforika Borwa ba Kgabaganyo ya Lefatshe mme o kile a gaisana kwa [[Dakar Rally]]. [[Letsile Tebogo]] o tlhomile rekoto ya lefatshe ya basha mo dimitara di le 100 ka nako ya 9.94 kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa Mabelo tsa 2022,<ref>Ramsay, George (4 October 2022). [https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html "Teenage sprinter Letsile Tebogo wants to be remembered as an athletics great"]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240701143613/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> mme, go tloga ka 2024, o na le nako ya boraro e e gaisang mo lefatsheng ya dimitara di le 100 le dimitara di le 300 ya metsotswana e le 30.69.<ref>[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 "Letsile TEBOGO | Profile | World Athletics"]. ''worldathletics.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418081510/https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 Archived] from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe a supa 2021, Botswana e ne ya gapa seetsele sa bronze mo kgaisanong ya Banna ya dimitara di le 4 × 400 kwa Diolimpiking kwa Tokyo. Botswana e nnile setšhaba sa ntlha sa Aforika go tshegetsa Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Basha sa Bolotloa.<ref>[http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm "Botswana ready to host Netball World Youth Cup – Xinhua | English.news.cn"]. ''big5.news.cn''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531003008/http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 "Netball World Youth Cup Gaborone 2017 | NWYC2017"]. 22 July 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe a ferabobedi 2024, Letsile Tebogo o ne a gapa seetsele sa gauta wsa ntlha sa Botswana sa Diolimpiki tsa Diolimpiki tsa 2024 kwa Paris morago ga go fetsa mo maemong a ntlha mo [[Makgaolakgang a banna a 200m|makgaolakgannyeng a banna a 200m]], a fetsa ka nako ya metsotswana e le 19.46.<ref>[https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/letsile-tebogo-stuns-american-trio-200m-olympic-gold-paris "Letsile Tebogo stuns American trio for 200m Olympic gold in Paris | NBC Olympics"]. ''www.nbcolympics.com''. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Motshameko wa dikarata wa [[bridge]] o na le balatedi ba ba nonofileng; o ne wa tshamekiwa la ntlha mo Botswana dingwaga di ka nna masome mane tse di fetileng, mme wa gola ka go tuma ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Barutabana ba le bantsi ba dikolo tsa batswakwa ba Borithane ba ne ba ruta motshameko ono ka tsela e e sa rulaganngwang kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa Botswana. Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Bridge (BBF) o tlhomilwe ka 1988. Bridge o ntse o a ratwa mme BBF e na le maloko a a fetang makgolo a ferabobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm "Botswana Bridge Federation"]. Botswana National Sports Council. Archived from [http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm the original] on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2007, BBF e ne ya laletsa [[Mokgatlho wa Bridge wa Seesemane]] go tshwara thulaganyo ya go ruta ya beke yotlhe ka Motsheganong 2008.<ref>[http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm "English Bridge Union"]. English Bridge Union. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm Archived] from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Thuto == [[Setshwantsho:University of Botswana 20200310.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Sekolo sa legare sa Mmadikolo wa Botswana e supa lefelo la Baithuti]] [[Setshwantsho:University of Botswana, Library 20200321.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Mo motlobong wa dibuka kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]]]] Botswana e nnile le kgatelopele mo thutong fa e sale e bona boipuso ka 1966 fa go ne go na le dialogane tsa diyunibesithi di le masome mabedi le bobedi fela mo lefatsheng<ref>[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFDionne2016|Dionne 2016]].</ref> le gape phesente e nnye thata ya baagi e e neng e tsena sekolo se segolwane. Botswana e okeditse seelo sa yone sa batho ba bagolo ba ba itseng go bala le go kwala go tswa go 69% ka 1991 go ya go 83% ka 2008.<ref name=":18">[http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ "UNESCO Institute for Statistics"]. UNESCO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725065836/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ Archived] from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Mo mafatsheng a Aforika a a kwa borwa jwa Sahara, Botswana e na le nngwe ya dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa go itse go bala le go kwala.<ref name=":19">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/literacy/ "Literacy – The World Factbook"]. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401014237/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/literacy/ Archived] from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Go tloga ka 2024, 88.5% ya baagi ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ne ba kgona go bala le go kwala mme ba ne ba itse go bala le go kwala ka go latelana.<ref name=":19" /> [[Lephata la Thuto la Botswana]]<ref>[https://archive.today/20120804205657/http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10 "Ministry of Education and Skills Development: Home"]. Moe.gov.bw. 27 July 2011. Archived from [http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10 the original] on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> le berekela go tlhoma metlobo ya dibuka mo dikolong tse di potlana ka tirisanommogo le [[African Library Project]].<ref>[http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education "Library Partner – Botswana Ministry of Education"]. Africanlibraryproject.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903102928/http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education Archived] from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Puso ya Botswana]] e solofela gore go beeletsa karolo e kgolo ya lotseno lwa bosetšhaba mo thutong go tla dira gore lefatshe le se ka la ikaega thata ka diteemane go tshela mo itsholelong ya yone, mme e se ka ya ikaega thata ka batswakwa go bona badiri ba yone ba ba nang le bokgoni.<ref name=":20">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191627/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA "UNESCO-UNEVOC's Botswana profile"]. UNESCO. Archived from [http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA the original] on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> NPVET ((National Policy on Vocational Education and Training) e simolodisitse melawana e e tshegetsang thuto ya tiro ya diatla.<ref name=":20" /> Botswana e beeletsa 21% ya madi a puso e a dirisa mo thutong.<ref name=":18" /> Ka Firikgong 2006, Botswana e ne ya itsise go tsenngwa gape ga dituediso tsa sekolo morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa thuto ya mahala ya puso,<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4601360.stm "Botswana brings back school fees"]. ''BBC News''. 11 January 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203014610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm Archived] from the original on 3 February 2006.</ref> le fa puso e santse e tlamela ka dithuso tsa madi a go ithuta ka botlalo le ditshenyegelo tsa go tshela go moagi mongwe le mongwe wa Botswana yo o kwa yunibesithing, e ka tswa e le kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]] kgotsa, fa moithuti a eletsa go tswelela ka thuto e e feletseng e e seyong mo gae, ba neelwa thuso ya madi a go ithuta kwa moseja.<ref>[https://www.collegescholarships.org/scholarships/country/botswana.htm "Scholarship Funding to Study in Botswana"]. ''collegescholarships.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240601060607/https://www.collegescholarships.org/scholarships/country/botswana.htm Archived] from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> === Tsa maranyane === [[Setshwantsho:Lady Physicist.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Physicist mo laboratoring kwa [[Botswana International University of Science and Technology]]]] Ka 2015, Botswana e ne ya rulaganya go dirisa tsa maranyane go kabakanya itsholelo ya yone mme ka jalo e fokotse go ikaega ga yone ka meepo ya diteemane.<ref name=":21">''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 546–547. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1|978-92-3-100129-1]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170322210919/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Botswana e phatlaladitse ''Melawana ya yone ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane'' ka 2011, mo teng ga porojeke ya UNESCO e e tshegediwang ke Setheo sa Spain sa Tirisanommogo le Tlhabololo ya Boditšhabatšhaba (AECID). Melawana e e tlhamilwe mo ditokomaneng tsa togamaano tse di akaretsang ''Leano la Bosetšhaba la Tlhabololo la Botswana la 2016'' le ''Tebelopele ya 2016''.<ref name=":21" /> ''Melawana ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane'' (2011) e beile seelo sa go tlhatlosa ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa selegae mo [[Dipatlisiso le ditlhabololo|dipatlisisong le tlhabololong]] (R&D) go tswa go 0.26% ya GDP ka 2012 go ya go feta 2% ya GDP ka 2016. Seelo se se ka fitlhelelwa fela mo nakong e e beilweng ka go tlhatlosa tiriso ya madi a setšhaba mo R&D.<ref name=":21" /> Botswana e na le nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa babatlisisi mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara: makgolo a mararo le masome a mane le bone mo baaging ba le sedikadike (ka dipalo tsa ditlhogo), fa go bapisiwa le palogare ya masome a ferabongwe le motso mo baaging ba le sedikadike ba kontinentepotlana ka 2013.<ref name=":21" /> Botswana e ne e le mo maemong a bo masome a ferabobedi le bosupa mo [[Global Innovation Index]] ka 2024.<ref>[[:en:World_Intellectual_Property_Organization|World Intellectual Property Organization]] (2024). ''[https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship]''. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 18. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.34667/tind.50062|10.34667/tind.50062]]. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2009, kompone e e kwa Botswana ya Deaftronics e ne ya simolola sedirisiwa se se thusang go utlwa se se dirisang maatla a letsatsi morago ga dingwaga di le thataro se ntse se dira sekao sa sone. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, Deaftronics e setse e rekisitse didirisiwa tse di fetang dikete tse lesome tse di thusang go utlwa. Sediriswa sengwe le sengwe se se thusang go utlwa se tlhwatlhwa ya $100 se le sengwe, se akaretsa dibeteri di le nne tse di tšhajiwang (tse di tsayang dingwaga di le tharo) le tšhajara ya letsatsi e e dirisiwang mo go tsone. Sedirisiwa se ga se ture fa se bapisiwa le didirisiwa tse dintsi tse di tshwanang, tse di ka simololang ka bokana ka $600.<ref>[https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/ "Botswana's hearing aid pioneers are betting on solar power to go global"]. ''Quartz Africa''. 6 July 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205421/https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana "Solar Powered Hearing Aids, Botswana"]. ''deutschland.de''. 2 June 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205130/https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2011, Lephata la Botswana la Dipatlisiso tsa Temo-thuo (DAR) le ne la ntsha dikgomo tsa Musi, tse di diretsweng go tokafatsa boleng jwa nama ya kgomo. Jaaka motswako wa mefuta ya [[Kgomo ya Tswana|Tswana]], [[Bonsmara]], [[Brahman]], [[Tuli]] le [[Simmental]],<ref>Kgathileng, Tebogo (27 July 2015). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/21751 "Dept pleads for marketing of Musi"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. [https://archive.today/20200520115011/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=21751 Archived] from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> go solofelwa gore motswako o tla lebisa kwa go ntsheng nama ya kgomo e e oketsegileng.<ref>[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=166&dir=2011%2FSeptember%2FThursday8%2F "Hardy breed named Musi at unveiling"]. ''mmegi.bw''. 6 August 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013727/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=166&dir=2011/September/Thursday8/ Archived] from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Setheo sa Botswana sa Dipatlisiso le Boitshimololedi sa Maranyane (BITRI) se ne sa tlhama sedirisiwa sa go tlhatlhoba [[bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo]] ka bonako ka tirisanommogo le Setheo sa Mekento sa Botswana le Setheo sa Tlhatlhobo ya Dijo sa Canada. Sediriswa se se tlhamilweng kwa Botswana se dira gore go kgonege go tlhatlhoba bolwetse mo lefelong.<ref>[http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html "BITRI Develops Rapid Foot and Mouth Disease Test Kit"]. ''rapidmicromethods.com''. 20 December 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013809/http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html?m=1 Archived] from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Thulaganyo ya [[Square Kilometre Array]] (SKA) ([[MeerKAT]]) e na le dijana le dieriele di le diketekete tse di anameng mo dikgaolong tse dikgolo tse di golagantsweng mmogo go bopa thelesekoupo e le nngwe e kgolo. Dijana tse dingwe di tlaa bo di le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe a robabobedi a Aforika, Botswana e le gareng ga tsone. Botswana e ne ya tlhophiwa go tsaya karolo ka ntlha ya lefelo la yone le le siameng mo lobopong le le kwa borwa le mo tikologong, e leng se se ka kgontshang go kokoanya tshedimosetso bonolo go tswa mo lobopong. Puso ya Botswana e agile thelesekoupo ya SKA ya pele kwa Kgale View, e leng Mafaratlhatlha a Aforika a Ditlhatlhobo tsa Mola o Moleele Thata (AVN). E ne ya romela baithuti go bona dithuso tsa thuto ya bolepadinaledi.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/10829 "Botswana takes part in revolutionary mission"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124005832/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?nid=10829&flag= Archived] from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:BOTSAT-1 Satellite.png|thumb|200x200px|BOTSAT-1 Satellite]] Lefatshe la Botswana le simolodisitse lenaneo la lone la dingwaga tse tharo la go aga le go simolodisa Satellite, Botswana Satellite Technology (Sat-1 Project) kwa Gaborone kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi 2020, e e simolodisitsweng go dirisiwa rokete ya SpaceX kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le botlhano. [[Botswana International University of Science and Technolog|Botswana International University of Science and Technology]] (BIUST) e ne ya etelela pele tlhabololo ya sathalaete, ka tshegetso ya setegeniki go tswa go balekane ba bangwe, mme ke sathalaete ya 3U hyperspectral Earth Observation. Sathalaete e ikaeletse go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ya go ela tlhoko tikologo, temothuo e e nepagetseng, thulaganyo ya ditoropo, le taolo ya dibetso tsa tlholego.<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/60276 "Satellite technology development giant leap"]. ''Botswana Daily News''. 20 December 2020. Archived from [http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant the original] on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Africa, Space in (23 December 2020). [https://africanews.space/botswana-launches-national-space-program/ "Botswana Launches National Space Program"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210102034103/https://africanews.space/botswana-launches-national-space-program/ Archived] from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2016, mo [[lekaleaneng la IT]], Almaz o ne a bula kompone ya ntlha ya go kopanya dikhomphiutara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013902/http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant "Botswana opens first tech assembly plant"]. ''itwebafrica.com''. Archived from [http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant the original] on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205218/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html "Almaz enters Botswana ICT sector"]. ''The Patriot''. Archived from [http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html the original] on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ditec, e leng kompone ya Botswana, le yone e dira megalayaletheka, e di tlhama le go di dira ka tsela e e rileng. Ditec e dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go dira gore didirisiwa tse di tsamaisiwang ke Microsoft di bereke ka pharologanyo.<ref>[http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/ "Youth Company Shines With Their Locally Made Ditec Pioneer Phone"]. ''botswanayouth.com''. 5 August 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205346/http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabongwe 2021, bamaranyane kwa Laboratoring ya Tshupetso ya HIV ya Botswana Harvard (BHHRL) ba ne ba ribolola la ntlha mofuta wa Omicron wa [[COVID-19]], kwa ntlheng o ne o bidiwa B.1.1.529 mme morago ga moo wa bidiwa "Omicron", mme ya nna lefatshe la ntlha mo lefatsheng go ribolola mofuta oo. Fa e sa le ka tshimologo ya 2021, ba ribolotse disampole di ka nna dikete tse pedi le makgolo mararo tse di nang le mogare wa SARS-CoV-2 ka tatelano ya tshika. Go ya ka Dr. Gaseitsiwe, dithomelo tsa tatelano ya tshika tsa Botswana kwa GISAID di gareng ga tse di kwa godimo thata mo kgaolong ya Aforika go ya ka tlhogo ya motho, di lekana le moagisane wa lone wa Aforika Borwa yo o nang le ditsompelo tse dintsi. Setheo sa Botswana sa Harvard sa AIDS sa Tirisanommogo (BHP) se ne sa agiwa ka 2003, dingwaga di le pedi morago ga gore mokgatlho o o akaretsang o bule BHHRL, e leng laboratori ya sone ya patlisiso ya HIV e e agilweng ka maikaelelo e e neng e le nngwe ya tsa ntlha mo kontinenteng.<ref>Flood, Zoe (14 December 2021). [https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/inside-the-botswana-lab-that-discovered-omicron "Inside the Botswana lab that discovered Omicron"]. Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211214111713/http://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/inside-the-botswana-lab-that-discovered-omicron Archived] from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Moalo wa Botswana]] * [[Lenaane la ditlhamo ka ga Botswana]] ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} {{Commons|Botswana}} {{Africa topic}} [[Karolo:Botswana| ]] opg7ikvv83545192dt8tcyjv209j6fl 0 3514 49688 46986 2026-04-30T09:48:14Z Blackgirlmighty 10183 Ke baakantse diele,ke tsentse dikarolo 49688 wikitext text/x-wiki Sekolo sa '''Botswana-Harvard AIDS ''' ke sa ditshekatsheko le ikatliso ka dithuto tsa bolwetse jwa HIV/AIDS. Se ikgolagantse le puso ya lefatshe la Botswana gape le Harvard AIDS Initiative. Maitlamo a sone ke go tsweledisa dipatlisiso ka bolwetse jwa HIV/AIDS. Se simolodisitswe ka ngwaga wa 1996.<ref>http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/bhp/about_us/index.html Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute website, "About us", retrieved April 28, 2011.</ref> ==Tlhaloso ya mogare wa AIDS== AIDS ke seemo sa bofelo sa go tsenwa ke mogare. Fa masole a a sireletsang mmele (CD4) a wela tlasetlase, bokgoni jwa motho go lwantsha mogare bo a fela. Godimo ga se, go na le malwetse mangwe a a tsenang batho ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV fa mmele o palelwa ke go itwela jaana- malwetse a a bidiwa a AIDS. Se ke seemo se se tsisiwang ke mogare wa HIV. AIDS e metse Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome Acquired – e raya gore bolwetse ga o tsholwe ka jone mme bo nna teng fela motho a sena go tsholwa a amane le mogare o o bo bakang-HIV Immunodeficiency – se se raya gore bolwetse jo bo tsena ka go koafatsa masole a mmele. Mogare wa HIV o koafatsa boiphemelo jwa mmele mme motho a lwale AIDS. Syndrome – e raya setlhopha sa dikai tse mmogo di kayang bolwetse bongwe. Fa re bua ka AIDS, se se ka raya go tsenwa ke malwetse mangwe jaaka, kankere, le go koafala ga boiphemelo jwa mmele. Batho ba le bantsi ba ba nang le AIDS ba itekanetse fela sentle mme ba ka tshela dingwaga ba se na dikai dipe kana ba lwala malwetsenyana fela a e seng a sepe. Ba ka tswa ba na le mogare mme ga go reye gore ba na le AIDS. Morago ga lebaka mogare ole o a gola mme o bake malwetse mangwe a a tsamaelanang le AIDS. E re ntswa go na le diritibatsi tse di ka leelefatsang botshelo, AIDS yone e a bolaya. Maiteko a dipatlisiso go batla kalafi a tsweletse. Mo nakong eno, molemo o mogolo wa go laola seemo se, ke thibelo go tsenwa ke mogare. ==Batho ba ba nang le mogare mo Botswana== Ba sekolo sa Botswana-Harvard AIDS ba re dipalo tsa sechaba tsa kanamo ya mogare ke seelo sa lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong go ya ka tshekatsheko e e dirilweng ke ba kanamo ya mogare wa HIV (BAIS II, 2004), ya batho ba dingwaga tse di lesome le boferabobedi, le go feta. Mo go bomme ba ba itsholofetseng, palo e, e ne e le 33.4% ka ngwaga wa 2007, go ya ka ba Sentinel Surveillance. Go akanyediwa gore batho ba ka nna 330,000 bane ba tshela ka mogare wa HIV, ka ngwaga wa 2007, mme ga tlhokafala batho ba ka nna 8,185 ( 7,397 e le bagolo, bana ba le 788), ngwaga one oo. Palo yotlhe ya batho ba baneng ba tsaya diritibatsi tsa mogare gone ngwaga wa 2007 ke; 100,784 ( 94,533 e le bagolo, fa bana bone e ne e le 6,251). ==Ba sekolo sa Botswana-Harvard AIDS ba tlhalosa ka nako ya gore mogare wa HIV o bake AIDS ke leng== Mo bo gompienong nako e e sobokilweng, go simolola fela ya motho a tsenwa ke mogare, go fitlhelela ka ya go itshupa ga dikai tse di gogelang kwa go lemogiweng ga bolwetsi jwa AIDS, ke dingwaga tse di robangbobedi, go ya kwa go tse di lesome le bongwe. Nako e, e farologana fela thata go ya ka batho, mme e laolwa ke mabaka a mantsi, go akarediwa seemo sa botsogo jwa motho le boitsholo. Mo bogompienong, go na le diritibatsi tse di fokoditseng bogale jo mogare wa HIV o koafatsang seemo sa mmele sa itshireletso ka jone. Go na le kalafi e nngwe e e ka thibelang, kana ya alafa mangwe a malwetsi a a amanang le bolwetsi jwa AIDS. Fa go itebagantswe le malwetsi a mangwe, go a lemosega go le gale, go a bo go na le sebaka se se ntsi sa gore a thibelwe a bo a alafiwe. == Metswedi == * https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213403/https://bhp.org.bw/ [[Category:Dikolo tse di batlisisang mo Botswana]] [[Category:Makgotla a HIV/AIDS ]] <references /> [[Karolo:Dikolo mo Botswana]] 3amn13qibwbkz6jxt6pkohct4csh5ta 49689 49688 2026-04-30T09:49:08Z Blackgirlmighty 10183 49689 wikitext text/x-wiki Sekolo sa '''Botswana-Harvard AIDS ''' ke sa ditshekatsheko le ikatliso ka dithuto tsa bolwetse jwa HIV/AIDS. Se ikgolagantse le puso ya lefatshe la Botswana gape le Harvard AIDS Initiative. Maitlamo a sone ke go tsweledisa dipatlisiso ka bolwetse jwa HIV/AIDS. Se simolodisitswe ka ngwaga wa 1996.<ref>http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/bhp/about_us/index.html Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute website, "About us", retrieved April 28, 2011.</ref> ==Tlhaloso ya mogare wa AIDS== AIDS ke seemo sa bofelo sa go tsenwa ke mogare. Fa masole a a sireletsang mmele (CD4) a wela tlasetlase, bokgoni jwa motho go lwantsha mogare bo a fela. Godimo ga se, go na le malwetse mangwe a a tsenang batho ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV fa mmele o palelwa ke go itwela jaana- malwetse a a bidiwa a AIDS. Se ke seemo se se tsisiwang ke mogare wa HIV. AIDS e emetse Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome Acquired – e raya gore bolwetse ga o tsholwe ka jone mme bo nna teng fela motho a sena go tsholwa a amane le mogare o o bo bakang-HIV Immunodeficiency – se se raya gore bolwetse jo bo tsena ka go koafatsa masole a mmele. Mogare wa HIV o koafatsa boiphemelo jwa mmele mme motho a lwale AIDS. Syndrome – e raya setlhopha sa dikai tse mmogo di kayang bolwetse bongwe. Fa re bua ka AIDS, se se ka raya go tsenwa ke malwetse mangwe jaaka, kankere, le go koafala ga boiphemelo jwa mmele. Batho ba le bantsi ba ba nang le AIDS ba itekanetse fela sentle mme ba ka tshela dingwaga ba se na dikai dipe kana ba lwala malwetsenyana fela a e seng a sepe. Ba ka tswa ba na le mogare mme ga go reye gore ba na le AIDS. Morago ga lebaka mogare ole o a gola mme o bake malwetse mangwe a a tsamaelanang le AIDS. E re ntswa go na le diritibatsi tse di ka leelefatsang botshelo, AIDS yone e a bolaya. Maiteko a dipatlisiso go batla kalafi a tsweletse. Mo nakong eno, molemo o mogolo wa go laola seemo se, ke thibelo go tsenwa ke mogare. ==Batho ba ba nang le mogare mo Botswana== Ba sekolo sa Botswana-Harvard AIDS ba re dipalo tsa sechaba tsa kanamo ya mogare ke seelo sa lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong go ya ka tshekatsheko e e dirilweng ke ba kanamo ya mogare wa HIV (BAIS II, 2004), ya batho ba dingwaga tse di lesome le boferabobedi, le go feta. Mo go bomme ba ba itsholofetseng, palo e, e ne e le 33.4% ka ngwaga wa 2007, go ya ka ba Sentinel Surveillance. Go akanyediwa gore batho ba ka nna 330,000 bane ba tshela ka mogare wa HIV, ka ngwaga wa 2007, mme ga tlhokafala batho ba ka nna 8,185 ( 7,397 e le bagolo, bana ba le 788), ngwaga one oo. Palo yotlhe ya batho ba baneng ba tsaya diritibatsi tsa mogare gone ngwaga wa 2007 ke; 100,784 ( 94,533 e le bagolo, fa bana bone e ne e le 6,251). ==Ba sekolo sa Botswana-Harvard AIDS ba tlhalosa ka nako ya gore mogare wa HIV o bake AIDS ke leng== Mo bo gompienong nako e e sobokilweng, go simolola fela ya motho a tsenwa ke mogare, go fitlhelela ka ya go itshupa ga dikai tse di gogelang kwa go lemogiweng ga bolwetsi jwa AIDS, ke dingwaga tse di robangbobedi, go ya kwa go tse di lesome le bongwe. Nako e, e farologana fela thata go ya ka batho, mme e laolwa ke mabaka a mantsi, go akarediwa seemo sa botsogo jwa motho le boitsholo. Mo bogompienong, go na le diritibatsi tse di fokoditseng bogale jo mogare wa HIV o koafatsang seemo sa mmele sa itshireletso ka jone. Go na le kalafi e nngwe e e ka thibelang, kana ya alafa mangwe a malwetsi a a amanang le bolwetsi jwa AIDS. Fa go itebagantswe le malwetsi a mangwe, go a lemosega go le gale, go a bo go na le sebaka se se ntsi sa gore a thibelwe a bo a alafiwe. == Metswedi == * https://web.archive.org/web/20210818213403/https://bhp.org.bw/ [[Category:Dikolo tse di batlisisang mo Botswana]] [[Category:Makgotla a HIV/AIDS ]] <references /> [[Karolo:Dikolo mo Botswana]] hvy6vhbh48qfd5jfnl2xz0fcs5clrc3 0 4547 49670 39935 2026-04-29T16:39:33Z ~2026-25970-94 12702 49670 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|right|frameless|upright=2]] [[File:EN English Language Symbol ISO 639-1 IETF Language Tag Icon.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|Sekgowa Diteme Letshwao]] '''Sekgowa''' se tlwaelesegile ka leina la '''English''' ke puo yeo setlogo sa yona e lego [[Britain]]. Batho ba bangata kajeno ba sebelisang puo e joalo ka puo ea bona pele, linaheng tse kang * [[Australia]], * [[Canada]], * [[Ireland]], * [[New Zealand]], * [[United Kingdom]] le * [[United States of America]]. Linaheng tsena ba sebelisa puo e joalo ka puo ya bona ya pele. '''Sekgowa''' ke puo bobeli lefatšeng ka bophara, 'me puso ea puo' me linaheng tse tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Pakistan]] le [[Aforika Borwa]]. == Sekgowa ka gare Aforika Borwa == Palo ya batho ya 2011 [[Aforika Borwa]] bontsa enoa: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; text-align: left" !style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Puo !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|Libui !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|% |- |[[Sezulu]]||align=right|11 587 375||align=right|21.1% |- |[[Sethosa]]||align=right|8 154 259||align=right|14.8% |- |[[Seburu]]||align=right|6 855 082||align=right|12.5% |- |[[Sekgowa]]||align=right|4 892 624||align=right|8.9% |- |[[Sesotho sa Leboa]] ||align=right|4 618 575||align=right|8.4% |- |[[Setswana]]||align=right|4 067 247||align=right|8.2% |- |[[Sesotho]]||align=right|3 849 563||align=right|7.0% |- |[[Setsonga]]||align=right|2 277 148||align=right|4.1% |- |[[Seswati]]||align=right|1 297 044||align=right|2.4% |- |[[Sevenda]]||align=right|1 209 388||align=right|2.2% |- |[[Sendebele]]||align=right|1 090 223||align=right|1.98% |- |Sign Language||align=right|234 655||align=right|0.43% |- |Dipolelo tše dingwe||align=right|809 117||align=right|1.47% |- |'''Yohle'''||align=right|'''45 026 681'''||align=right|'''100.0%''' |} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sekgoga}} [[Category:Dipuo ya Aforika Borwa]] 4up8yfwcesrjlmta6aeqgpwgoyygnka 2 8659 49678 30584 2026-04-29T19:26:42Z James500 9546 Remove template 49678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:en}} [[en:User:James500]] eu13so1xoub6xvcjld6yea9o5qsrodx 0 13183 49668 2026-04-29T12:35:04Z JudithShe 9421 I translated May Ellen Mofe-Damijo's article to Setswana 49668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''May Ellen Ezekial Mofe-Damijo''' (o o tshotsweng ka 1956 a tlhokafala ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1996), kgotsa '''MEE'''<ref>[https://topetempler.wordpress.com/tag/classique-magazine/ "Classique Magazine | topetempler".] ''topetempler.wordpress.com''. Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref> e ne e le mmega dikgang le mokwadi wa kwa [[Nigeria]] o e neng e le mogatisi wa bukana ya dikgang ya ''Classique'', e e neng e le bukana ya ba ba itsegeng<ref>[https://thebossnewspapers.com/pendulumovation-international20-years-of-celebrating-africa/ "PENDULUM:Ovation International:20 years of celebrating Africa".] ''The Boss Newspapers''. Retrieved 29 April 2026.</ref>le itloso bodutu, e e sa tlholeng e gatisiwa. Bukana e e ne e thapile babega dikgang ba tshwana le [[Dele Momodu]], Ben Charles Obi, le Rudolf Okwonkwo.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/22/the-lagos-power-list-21-people-in-21-million "The Lagos power list: 21 people in 21 million".] ''the Guardian''. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210823012353/https://www.elorasblog.com/2021/07/22/what-you-dont-know-about-may-ellen-ezekiel-richard-mofe-damijos-first-late-wife/ "What You Don't Know About May Ellen Ezekiel, Richard Mofe-Damijo's First & Late Wife".] ''ElorasBlog''. 22 July 2021. Archived from [https://elorasblog.com/2021/07/22/what-you-dont-know-about-may-ellen-ezekiel-richard-mofe-damijos-first-late-wife/ the original] on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref> Mofe-Damijo o kwadile dibuka di le mmalwa di akaretsa ''Dream Maker'' le ''Center Spread''. Mofe-Damijo o tsholetswe kwa [[Takoradi]], kwa [[Ghana]], ke Owogbenu le Victoria Ezekiel. Ka dingwaga tsa 1982 go tsena 1984, o ne a bereka e le mmega dikgang wa ''Sunday Concord''. Ka ngwaga wa 1985, e ne e le mothusa morulaganyi wa ''[[Newswatch,]]'' morago ga dingwaga tse pedi, o ne a nna morulaganyi wa bukana ya ''Quality'' e e sa tlholeng e le teng.<ref>Hanne, Thomas (2001). ''Intelligent strategies for meta multiple criteria decision making''. Boston [u.a.]: Kluwer Academic. p. 382. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0792372516|<bdi>978-0792372516</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a tlhama le go gasa sekhutlwana sa puisano sa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego sa ''Mee and You'' mo NTA 2 Channel 5, kwa [[Lagos]] pele ga a tlhokafala ka 1996. Morago ga lonyalo lwa gagwe lwa ntlha lo lo sa tsayang lobaka,<ref>[https://thesun.ng/the-unforgettable-mee-20-years-gone/ "THE UNFORGETTABLE MEE 20 YEARS GONE"]. [[:en:The_Sun_(Nigeria)|''The Sun''.]] Lagos, Nigeria. 1 April 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref> o ne a nyalwa ke [[Richard Mofe-Damijo,]] modiragatsi wa kwa Nigeria. O ne a na le ngwana wa mosetsana a bidiwa Nicole Onome go tswa mo lonyalong lwa gagwe lwa ntlha.<ref>Odusanya, Rachael (3 May 2018). [https://www.legit.ng/1166448-rmd-wife-children.html "Amazing facts about Richard Mofe Damijo family".] [[:en:Legit.ng|''Legit.ng''.]] Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.herald.ng/10-ways-rmds-life-has-changed-21-years-after-first-wifes-demise/ "10 ways RMD's life has changed 21 years after first wife's demise".] ''herald.ng''. 3 April 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref> O tlhokafetse morago ga mathata a a tlhagogileng morago ga loaro lwa go ntsha ditlhagala. O ne a kile a diriwa loaro gabedi pele ga foo go ntsha ditlhagala tse dingwe.<ref>[https://thesun.ng/the-unforgettable-mee-20-years-gone/ "THE UNFORGETTABLE MEE 20 YEARS GONE".] [[:en:The_Sun_(Nigeria)|''The Sun''.]] Lagos, Nigeria. 1 April 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref> Se se ne sa baka loaro lwa bobedi, ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1996, lo lo bakileng loso lwa gagwe, a le dingwaga di le masome mararo le borobabongwe kgotsa di le masome mane.<ref>Williams, Yvonne. [https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2017/03/23/todayinhistory-renowned-nollywood-actor-rmd-loses-first-wife "#TodayInHistory: Remembering Distinguished Journalist, MEE, 21 Years On!"]. ''Happenings Media''. Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref><ref>[https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/transition/remembering-may-ezekiel-21-years-after/ "Remembering May Ezekiel, 21 years after".] [[:en:The_Guardian_(Nigeria)|''The Guardian''.]] Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 29 April 2026</ref><ref>[https://independent.ng/remembering-mee-mofe-damijo/ "Remembering Mee Mofe-Damijo".] [[:en:Independent_(Nigeria)|''Independent''.]] Lagos, Nigeria.</ref> == Dibuka == * Ezekiel, May Ellen (1989). Centerspead.Lagos: Kgatiso ya Mee. ISBN 9789783061712 * Ezekiel, May Ellen (1988). Dreammaker (Kgatiso ya bobedi). Nigeria: s.n. ISBN 9783061704 * Mofe-Damijo, Mee (1990). Wind songs : kgobokanyo go tswa kwa mokwadi wa sekhutlwana wa maemo a ntlha wa Nigeria. [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]]: Kgatiso ya Mee. ISBN 9783061720 == Metswedi == svmb1hmtfd1hfwhphweth9qzkvxowai 0 13184 49672 2026-04-29T17:17:42Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349959296|Prostitution in Madagascar]]" 49672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Go gweba ka mmele kwa Madagascar''' go kafa molaong,<ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en}}</ref> e bile bo tlwaelesegile, segolobogolo mo mafelong a bojanala.<ref name="chartsbin">{{Cite web |title=The Legal Status of Prostitution by Country |url=http://chartsbin.com/view/snb |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=ChartsBin}}</ref> Ditiro tse di amanang le seo jaaka go gwetlha, go reka, go tshela ka madi a a amogelwang ka kgwebo ya mmele kgotsa go nna le lefelo la go gweba ka mmele di thibetswe.<ref name="spl" /> Melao ya Tolamo ya Setšhaba le yone e dirisiwa kgatlhanong le bagwebi ka mmele.<ref name="spl" /> Go na le melao ya bošeng e e kgatlhanong le "go tlhakanela dikobo le bagweba ka mmele ba basadi".<ref name="ukgov">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2011 |title=Madagascar travel advice |url=http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110314124058/http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |archive-date=14 March 2011 |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=UK Government |language=en}}</ref><ref name="findaport">{{Cite web |title=General Information for Madagascar |url=http://www.findaport.com/country/madagascar |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Findaport |language=en}}</ref> Batho ba ba tshwarwang ba duelela thobalano le bana ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le lesome le bone ba ka lebanwa ke dikotlhao tsa dingwaga di le lesome kwa kgolegelong. Se se diragadiwa ka thata kgatlhanong le bajanala ba mafatshe a sele.<ref name="ukgov" /> Ga mmogo le mo mafelong a bojanala, kgwebo ka mmele e diragala gape go dikologa ditoropo tsa meepo tsa ka fa gare jaaka [[Ilakaka]]<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}</ref> le [[Andilamena]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=What happens after a mining rush? Photographs from Madagascar |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2017/07/what-happens-after-a-mining-rush-photographs-from-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Mongabay Environmental News}}</ref> Go ne ga fopholediwa gore go ne go na le barekisi ba thobalano ba le dikete tse lekgolo masome a marataro le bosupa, makgolo a mane le masome a mane le boraro mo lefatsheng leo ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016 |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174922/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> == Metswedi == 3bmt4syglpeak5rovrsinr7zgqh1wub 49673 49672 2026-04-29T17:29:10Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349959296|Prostitution in Madagascar]]" 49673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Go gweba ka mmele kwa Madagascar''' go kafa molaong,<ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en}}</ref> e bile bo tlwaelesegile, segolobogolo mo mafelong a bojanala.<ref name="chartsbin">{{Cite web |title=The Legal Status of Prostitution by Country |url=http://chartsbin.com/view/snb |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=ChartsBin}}</ref> Ditiro tse di amanang le seo jaaka go gwetlha, go reka, go tshela ka madi a a amogelwang ka kgwebo ya mmele kgotsa go nna le lefelo la go gweba ka mmele di thibetswe.<ref name="spl" /> Melao ya Tolamo ya Setšhaba le yone e dirisiwa kgatlhanong le bagwebi ka mmele.<ref name="spl" /> Go na le melao ya bošeng e e kgatlhanong le "go tlhakanela dikobo le bagweba ka mmele ba basadi".<ref name="ukgov">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2011 |title=Madagascar travel advice |url=http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110314124058/http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |archive-date=14 March 2011 |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=UK Government |language=en}}</ref><ref name="findaport">{{Cite web |title=General Information for Madagascar |url=http://www.findaport.com/country/madagascar |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Findaport |language=en}}</ref> Batho ba ba tshwarwang ba duelela thobalano le bana ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le lesome le bone ba ka lebanwa ke dikotlhao tsa dingwaga di le lesome kwa kgolegelong. Se se diragadiwa ka thata kgatlhanong le bajanala ba mafatshe a sele.<ref name="ukgov" /> Ga mmogo le mo mafelong a bojanala, kgwebo ka mmele e diragala gape go dikologa ditoropo tsa meepo tsa ka fa gare jaaka [[Ilakaka]]<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}</ref> le [[Andilamena]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=What happens after a mining rush? Photographs from Madagascar |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2017/07/what-happens-after-a-mining-rush-photographs-from-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Mongabay Environmental News}}</ref> Go ne ga fopholediwa gore go ne go na le barekisi ba thobalano ba le dikete tse lekgolo masome a marataro le bosupa, makgolo a mane le masome a mane le boraro mo lefatsheng leo ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016 |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174922/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> Badiri ba thobalano ba bega gore tiragatso ya molao e dira ka bogagapa e bile e a sotlaka. Go begwa gape le go gapelwa madi ka dikgoka ke mapodisi.<ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries "Sex Work Law - Countries"]. ''Sexuality, Poverty and Law''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Go gweba ka mmele go tlile la ntlha mo setlhaketlhakeng morago ga bokolone bo tlisiwa ke Mafora kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Braddix |first=Charles |date=8 February 2016 |title=Paradise Lost: A beautiful island with dirty secrets |url=https://brnow.org/News/February-2016/Paradise-Lost-A-beautiful-island-with-dirty-secre |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=BR Now}}</ref> Mo dinakong tsa segompieno e a oketsega ka ntlha ya koketsego ya bojanala le lehuma le le bogisang bontsi jwa batho mo lefatsheng.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madagascar: Girls selling sex to pay for school|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14669625|accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Madagascar's ticking HIV time bomb|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6916454.stm|accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2017}}</ref> [[Madagascar]] ke lefelo la [[bojanala jwa thobalano]], go akaretsa le [[bojanala jwa thobalano jwa bana]]. [[Go gweba ka batho]] le [[go gweba ka mmele ga bana]] ke mathata mo lefatsheng.<ref name="bbc" /> == Bojanala jwa thobalano == Madagascar e fetogile lefelo le le amogelwang jaaka la bojanala jwa thobalano jwa bagolo le jwa bana, segolobogolo mo banneng ba Fora le ba Italy. Mafelo a magolo mo lefatsheng a bojanala jwa thobalano ke [[Antananarivo]](motsemogolo), [[Nosy Be]], [[Île Sainte-Marie]], [[Mahajanga]], [[Diego-Suarez]]<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}</ref> le [[Toamasina]].<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRoss2014">Ross, Aaron (31 January 2014). [https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial "Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial'"]. ''Public Radio International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> === Nosy Be === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990 puso e ne ya naya Majapane konteraka ya go tshwara ditlhapi tsa tuna.<ref name="irin">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2010 |title=Fighting a rising tide of sex tourism |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/91197/madagascar-fighting-rising-tide-sex-tourism |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=IRIN |language=en}}</ref> Dikepe tseo tse di tshwarang ditlhapi di ne tsa ema kwa Nosy Be, e leng setlhaketlhake se se gaufi le letshitshi le le kwa bokone jwa Madagascar. Go gweba ka mmele go ne ga gola go dikologa lekala leo la go tshwara ditlhapi, mme bagwebi ka mmele ba ne ba fudugela kwa setlhaketlhakeng se go tswa mo lefatsheng leo ka bophara.<ref name="irin" /> Fa bojanala jwa go ya kwa Madagascar bo simolola, Nosy Be e ne ya nna lefelo le le ratwang thata ka ntlha ya kgwebo ya tlhakanelodikobo e e neng e tlhomilwe.<ref name="irin" /> Morago ga moo ya jwelelela go ya kwa bontsing jwa mafelo a boikhutso a "a akaretsang tsotlhe" a agilweng mo setlhaketlhakeng. Leno ke lefelo le legolo la Bayuropa, bontsi jwa bone e le Bafora,<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}</ref> ba bangwe ba bone ba tlang mo lefatsheng le go tla go bona bojanala jwa tlhakanelodikobo.<ref name="realestate" /> Go fopholeditswe gore 70% ya basadi ba setlhaketlhake ba dira tiro ya go gweba ka mmele, sephatlo sa bone ba sa ntse ba le kwa tlase ga dingwaga.<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ "Sexual tourism Madagascar"]. ''Madagascar Real Estate''. 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Metswedi == hsrf0uqnr8eaf7aciitfk2yr965b458 49674 49673 2026-04-29T18:05:40Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349959296|Prostitution in Madagascar]]" 49674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Go gweba ka mmele kwa Madagascar''' go kafa molaong,<ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en}}</ref> e bile bo tlwaelesegile, segolobogolo mo mafelong a bojanala.<ref name="chartsbin">{{Cite web |title=The Legal Status of Prostitution by Country |url=http://chartsbin.com/view/snb |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=ChartsBin}}</ref> Ditiro tse di amanang le seo jaaka go gwetlha, go reka, go tshela ka madi a a amogelwang ka kgwebo ya mmele kgotsa go nna le lefelo la go gweba ka mmele di thibetswe.<ref name="spl" /> Melao ya Tolamo ya Setšhaba le yone e dirisiwa kgatlhanong le bagwebi ka mmele.<ref name="spl" /> Go na le melao ya bošeng e e kgatlhanong le "go tlhakanela dikobo le bagweba ka mmele ba basadi".<ref name="ukgov">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2011 |title=Madagascar travel advice |url=http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110314124058/http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |archive-date=14 March 2011 |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=UK Government |language=en}}</ref><ref name="findaport">{{Cite web |title=General Information for Madagascar |url=http://www.findaport.com/country/madagascar |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Findaport |language=en}}</ref> Batho ba ba tshwarwang ba duelela thobalano le bana ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le lesome le bone ba ka lebanwa ke dikotlhao tsa dingwaga di le lesome kwa kgolegelong. Se se diragadiwa ka thata kgatlhanong le bajanala ba mafatshe a sele.<ref name="ukgov" /> Ga mmogo le mo mafelong a bojanala, kgwebo ka mmele e diragala gape go dikologa ditoropo tsa meepo tsa ka fa gare jaaka [[Ilakaka]]<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}</ref> le [[Andilamena]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=What happens after a mining rush? Photographs from Madagascar |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2017/07/what-happens-after-a-mining-rush-photographs-from-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Mongabay Environmental News}}</ref> Go ne ga fopholediwa gore go ne go na le barekisi ba thobalano ba le dikete tse lekgolo masome a marataro le bosupa, makgolo a mane le masome a mane le boraro mo lefatsheng leo ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016 |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174922/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> Badiri ba thobalano ba bega gore tiragatso ya molao e dira ka bogagapa e bile e a sotlaka. Go begwa gape le go gapelwa madi ka dikgoka ke mapodisi.<ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries "Sex Work Law - Countries"]. ''Sexuality, Poverty and Law''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Go gweba ka mmele go tlile la ntlha mo setlhaketlhakeng morago ga bokolone bo tlisiwa ke Mafora kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Braddix |first=Charles |date=8 February 2016 |title=Paradise Lost: A beautiful island with dirty secrets |url=https://brnow.org/News/February-2016/Paradise-Lost-A-beautiful-island-with-dirty-secre |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=BR Now}}</ref> Mo dinakong tsa segompieno e a oketsega ka ntlha ya koketsego ya bojanala le lehuma le le bogisang bontsi jwa batho mo lefatsheng.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madagascar: Girls selling sex to pay for school|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14669625|accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Madagascar's ticking HIV time bomb|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6916454.stm|accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2017}}</ref> [[Madagascar]] ke lefelo la [[bojanala jwa thobalano]], go akaretsa le [[bojanala jwa thobalano jwa bana]]. [[Go gweba ka batho]] le [[go gweba ka mmele ga bana]] ke mathata mo lefatsheng.<ref name="bbc" /> == Bojanala jwa thobalano == Madagascar e fetogile lefelo le le amogelwang jaaka la bojanala jwa thobalano jwa bagolo le jwa bana, segolobogolo mo banneng ba Fora le ba Italy. Mafelo a magolo mo lefatsheng a bojanala jwa thobalano ke [[Antananarivo]](motsemogolo), [[Nosy Be]], [[Île Sainte-Marie]], [[Mahajanga]], [[Diego-Suarez]]<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}</ref> le [[Toamasina]].<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRoss2014">Ross, Aaron (31 January 2014). [https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial "Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial'"]. ''Public Radio International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> === Nosy Be === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990 puso e ne ya naya Majapane konteraka ya go tshwara ditlhapi tsa tuna.<ref name="irin">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2010 |title=Fighting a rising tide of sex tourism |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/91197/madagascar-fighting-rising-tide-sex-tourism |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=IRIN |language=en}}</ref> Dikepe tseo tse di tshwarang ditlhapi di ne tsa ema kwa Nosy Be, e leng setlhaketlhake se se gaufi le letshitshi le le kwa bokone jwa Madagascar. Go gweba ka mmele go ne ga gola go dikologa lekala leo la go tshwara ditlhapi, mme bagwebi ka mmele ba ne ba fudugela kwa setlhaketlhakeng se go tswa mo lefatsheng leo ka bophara.<ref name="irin" /> Fa bojanala jwa go ya kwa Madagascar bo simolola, Nosy Be e ne ya nna lefelo le le ratwang thata ka ntlha ya kgwebo ya tlhakanelodikobo e e neng e tlhomilwe.<ref name="irin" /> Morago ga moo ya jwelelela go ya kwa bontsing jwa mafelo a boikhutso a "a akaretsang tsotlhe" a agilweng mo setlhaketlhakeng. Leno ke lefelo le legolo la Bayuropa, bontsi jwa bone e le Bafora,<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}</ref> ba bangwe ba bone ba tlang mo lefatsheng le go tla go bona bojanala jwa tlhakanelodikobo.<ref name="realestate" /> Go fopholeditswe gore 70% ya basadi ba setlhaketlhake ba dira tiro ya go gweba ka mmele, sephatlo sa bone ba sa ntse ba le kwa tlase ga dingwaga.<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ "Sexual tourism Madagascar"]. ''Madagascar Real Estate''. 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Go gweba ka mmele ga bana == Mo godimo ga gore e nne lefelo la bojanala jwa tlhakanelodikobo ya bana, banna ba Malagasy gape ba dirisa bagweba ka mmele ba ba sa ntseng ba le mo dingwageng tse di kwa tlase. Patlisiso nngwe e e dirilweng ke [[UNICEF]] e ne ya fitlhela gore dikotara di le tharo tsa banna ba kwa Malagasy ba ba dirisang bagweba ka mmele ba dirisa le basetsana ba ba sa ntseng ba le bannye.<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html "The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar"]. ''HuffPost UK''. 28 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Bojanala jwa thobalano ya bana bo oketsegile mo lefatsheng fa e sa le [[Mozambique]] e gagamatsa melao mo lefelong leno.<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ "Sexual tourism Madagascar"]. ''Madagascar Real Estate''. 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Malwapa a mantsi a kgothaletsa barwadiaone go dirisana le bajanala ba basweu ka ntlha ya mabaka a madi. Mo maemong mangwe bana ba dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi le lesome le boraro ba newa dithuto tsa Sefora le Sentariana go ipaakanyetsa tiro ya bone ya go gweba ka mmele.<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html "The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar"]. ''HuffPost UK''. 28 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Basetsana bangwe kwa metseselegaeng ba rekisiwa jaaka dinyatsi, ke batsadi ba bone, go batswakwa kgotsa beng ba dikgomo ba ba humileng ka lobaka lwa dingwaga di le mmalwa.<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRoss2014">Ross, Aaron (31 January 2014). [https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial "Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial'"]. ''Public Radio International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Tshenyetso setshaba ya mapodisi e raya gore ga go na kgato e ntsi kgatlhanong le badirisi ba basetsana ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga.<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html "The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar"]. ''HuffPost UK''. 28 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Mekgatlho e e ikemetseng e le mmalwa, jaaka ''Setlhopha sa Ditshwanelo tsa Ngwana le Lelwapa'' (CDEF) le UNICEF, di bereka go leka go tokafatsa seemo. == Boitsogo jwa thobalano == Le fa Madagascar e na le go anama mo go kwa tlase ga [[HIV]] mo lefatsheng la [[Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]](0.2% ka 2016),<ref name="unaids">{{Cite web |title=Madagascar 2016 Country factsheet |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/madagascar |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=[[UNAIDS]]}}</ref> e na le dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa malwetsi a tlhakanelo dikobo(STIs) mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Mekgatlho ya badiri ba thobalano, jaaka ''Fikambanaina Vehivavy Miavotena Toamasina''(FIVEMITO) le ''Femmes Interessee au Development de Antalaha''(FIDA) (e e tlamelwang ka matlole ka bontlhabongwe ke [[Banka ya Lefatshe]]), e fitlheletse ditumalano le dipusoselegae go ntsha badiri ba thobalano ba ba fetang dingwaga di le lesome le boferabobedi ka dikarata tsa boitshupo. Dikarata tseo tsa boitshupo di dira gore motho a kgone go bona tlhokomelo ya kalafi ya mahala.<ref name="kumud">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Neglecting sexuality in sexual and reproductive health: A case of sex workers in Madagascar |url=http://kumudrana.com/2015/02/neglecting-sexuality-in-sexual-and-reproductive-health-a-case-of-sex-workers-in-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Kumud Rana}}</ref> Ka 2016, go anama ga HIV mo badiring ba thobalano e ne e le 5.5%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=HIV prevalence amongst sex workers |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/vc/vcshare.html?id=d9c0ff12-f62c-44e7-8e2c-dbe736bbea30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722130109/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/vc/vcshare.html?id=d9c0ff12-f62c-44e7-8e2c-dbe736bbea30 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |access-date=22 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j23ovctkx8j7tqv7p6bxxdh5o8l1ihs 49675 49674 2026-04-29T18:43:50Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349959296|Prostitution in Madagascar]]" 49675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Go gweba ka mmele kwa Madagascar''' go kafa molaong,<ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en}}</ref> e bile bo tlwaelesegile, segolobogolo mo mafelong a bojanala.<ref name="chartsbin">{{Cite web |title=The Legal Status of Prostitution by Country |url=http://chartsbin.com/view/snb |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=ChartsBin}}</ref> Ditiro tse di amanang le seo jaaka go gwetlha, go reka, go tshela ka madi a a amogelwang ka kgwebo ya mmele kgotsa go nna le lefelo la go gweba ka mmele di thibetswe.<ref name="spl" /> Melao ya Tolamo ya Setšhaba le yone e dirisiwa kgatlhanong le bagwebi ka mmele.<ref name="spl" /> Go na le melao ya bošeng e e kgatlhanong le "go tlhakanela dikobo le bagweba ka mmele ba basadi".<ref name="ukgov">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2011 |title=Madagascar travel advice |url=http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110314124058/http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |archive-date=14 March 2011 |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=UK Government |language=en}}</ref><ref name="findaport">{{Cite web |title=General Information for Madagascar |url=http://www.findaport.com/country/madagascar |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Findaport |language=en}}</ref> Batho ba ba tshwarwang ba duelela thobalano le bana ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le lesome le bone ba ka lebanwa ke dikotlhao tsa dingwaga di le lesome kwa kgolegelong. Se se diragadiwa ka thata kgatlhanong le bajanala ba mafatshe a sele.<ref name="ukgov" /> Ga mmogo le mo mafelong a bojanala, kgwebo ka mmele e diragala gape go dikologa ditoropo tsa meepo tsa ka fa gare jaaka [[Ilakaka]]<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}</ref> le [[Andilamena]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=What happens after a mining rush? Photographs from Madagascar |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2017/07/what-happens-after-a-mining-rush-photographs-from-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Mongabay Environmental News}}</ref> Go ne ga fopholediwa gore go ne go na le barekisi ba thobalano ba le dikete tse lekgolo masome a marataro le bosupa, makgolo a mane le masome a mane le boraro mo lefatsheng leo ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016 |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174922/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> Badiri ba thobalano ba bega gore tiragatso ya molao e dira ka bogagapa e bile e a sotlaka. Go begwa gape le go gapelwa madi ka dikgoka ke mapodisi.<ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries "Sex Work Law - Countries"]. ''Sexuality, Poverty and Law''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Go gweba ka mmele go tlile la ntlha mo setlhaketlhakeng morago ga bokolone bo tlisiwa ke Mafora kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Braddix |first=Charles |date=8 February 2016 |title=Paradise Lost: A beautiful island with dirty secrets |url=https://brnow.org/News/February-2016/Paradise-Lost-A-beautiful-island-with-dirty-secre |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=BR Now}}</ref> Mo dinakong tsa segompieno e a oketsega ka ntlha ya koketsego ya bojanala le lehuma le le bogisang bontsi jwa batho mo lefatsheng.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madagascar: Girls selling sex to pay for school|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14669625|accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Madagascar's ticking HIV time bomb|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6916454.stm|accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2017}}</ref> [[Madagascar]] ke lefelo la [[bojanala jwa thobalano]], go akaretsa le [[bojanala jwa thobalano jwa bana]]. [[Go gweba ka batho]] le [[go gweba ka mmele ga bana]] ke mathata mo lefatsheng.<ref name="bbc" /> == Bojanala jwa thobalano == Madagascar e fetogile lefelo le le amogelwang jaaka la bojanala jwa thobalano jwa bagolo le jwa bana, segolobogolo mo banneng ba Fora le ba Italy. Mafelo a magolo mo lefatsheng a bojanala jwa thobalano ke [[Antananarivo]](motsemogolo), [[Nosy Be]], [[Île Sainte-Marie]], [[Mahajanga]], [[Diego-Suarez]]<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}</ref> le [[Toamasina]].<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRoss2014">Ross, Aaron (31 January 2014). [https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial "Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial'"]. ''Public Radio International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> === Nosy Be === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990 puso e ne ya naya Majapane konteraka ya go tshwara ditlhapi tsa tuna.<ref name="irin">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2010 |title=Fighting a rising tide of sex tourism |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/91197/madagascar-fighting-rising-tide-sex-tourism |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=IRIN |language=en}}</ref> Dikepe tseo tse di tshwarang ditlhapi di ne tsa ema kwa Nosy Be, e leng setlhaketlhake se se gaufi le letshitshi le le kwa bokone jwa Madagascar. Go gweba ka mmele go ne ga gola go dikologa lekala leo la go tshwara ditlhapi, mme bagwebi ka mmele ba ne ba fudugela kwa setlhaketlhakeng se go tswa mo lefatsheng leo ka bophara.<ref name="irin" /> Fa bojanala jwa go ya kwa Madagascar bo simolola, Nosy Be e ne ya nna lefelo le le ratwang thata ka ntlha ya kgwebo ya tlhakanelodikobo e e neng e tlhomilwe.<ref name="irin" /> Morago ga moo ya jwelelela go ya kwa bontsing jwa mafelo a boikhutso a "a akaretsang tsotlhe" a agilweng mo setlhaketlhakeng. Leno ke lefelo le legolo la Bayuropa, bontsi jwa bone e le Bafora,<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}</ref> ba bangwe ba bone ba tlang mo lefatsheng le go tla go bona bojanala jwa tlhakanelodikobo.<ref name="realestate" /> Go fopholeditswe gore 70% ya basadi ba setlhaketlhake ba dira tiro ya go gweba ka mmele, sephatlo sa bone ba sa ntse ba le kwa tlase ga dingwaga.<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ "Sexual tourism Madagascar"]. ''Madagascar Real Estate''. 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> == Go gweba ka mmele ga bana == Mo godimo ga gore e nne lefelo la bojanala jwa tlhakanelodikobo ya bana, banna ba Malagasy gape ba dirisa bagweba ka mmele ba ba sa ntseng ba le mo dingwageng tse di kwa tlase. Patlisiso nngwe e e dirilweng ke [[UNICEF]] e ne ya fitlhela gore dikotara di le tharo tsa banna ba kwa Malagasy ba ba dirisang bagweba ka mmele ba dirisa le basetsana ba ba sa ntseng ba le bannye.<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html "The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar"]. ''HuffPost UK''. 28 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Bojanala jwa thobalano ya bana bo oketsegile mo lefatsheng fa e sa le [[Mozambique]] e gagamatsa melao mo lefelong leno.<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ "Sexual tourism Madagascar"]. ''Madagascar Real Estate''. 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Malwapa a mantsi a kgothaletsa barwadiaone go dirisana le bajanala ba basweu ka ntlha ya mabaka a madi. Mo maemong mangwe bana ba dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi le lesome le boraro ba newa dithuto tsa Sefora le Sentariana go ipaakanyetsa tiro ya bone ya go gweba ka mmele.<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html "The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar"]. ''HuffPost UK''. 28 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Basetsana bangwe kwa metseselegaeng ba rekisiwa jaaka dinyatsi, ke batsadi ba bone, go batswakwa kgotsa beng ba dikgomo ba ba humileng ka lobaka lwa dingwaga di le mmalwa.<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRoss2014">Ross, Aaron (31 January 2014). [https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial "Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial'"]. ''Public Radio International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Tshenyetso setshaba ya mapodisi e raya gore ga go na kgato e ntsi kgatlhanong le badirisi ba basetsana ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga.<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html "The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar"]. ''HuffPost UK''. 28 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Mekgatlho e e ikemetseng e le mmalwa, jaaka ''Setlhopha sa Ditshwanelo tsa Ngwana le Lelwapa'' (CDEF) le UNICEF, di bereka go leka go tokafatsa seemo. == Boitsogo jwa thobalano == Le fa Madagascar e na le go anama mo go kwa tlase ga [[HIV]] mo lefatsheng la [[Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]](0.2% ka 2016),<ref name="unaids">{{Cite web |title=Madagascar 2016 Country factsheet |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/madagascar |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=[[UNAIDS]]}}</ref> e na le dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa malwetsi a tlhakanelo dikobo(STIs) mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Mekgatlho ya badiri ba thobalano, jaaka ''Fikambanaina Vehivavy Miavotena Toamasina''(FIVEMITO) le ''Femmes Interessee au Development de Antalaha''(FIDA) (e e tlamelwang ka matlole ka bontlhabongwe ke [[Banka ya Lefatshe]]), e fitlheletse ditumalano le dipusoselegae go ntsha badiri ba thobalano ba ba fetang dingwaga di le lesome le boferabobedi ka dikarata tsa boitshupo. Dikarata tseo tsa boitshupo di dira gore motho a kgone go bona tlhokomelo ya kalafi ya mahala.<ref name="kumud">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Neglecting sexuality in sexual and reproductive health: A case of sex workers in Madagascar |url=http://kumudrana.com/2015/02/neglecting-sexuality-in-sexual-and-reproductive-health-a-case-of-sex-workers-in-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Kumud Rana}}</ref> Ka 2016, go anama ga HIV mo badiring ba thobalano e ne e le 5.5%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=HIV prevalence amongst sex workers |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/vc/vcshare.html?id=d9c0ff12-f62c-44e7-8e2c-dbe736bbea30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722130109/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/vc/vcshare.html?id=d9c0ff12-f62c-44e7-8e2c-dbe736bbea30 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |access-date=22 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> == Go rekisiwa ka tsa thobalano == Madagascar ke motswedi le lefatshe le basadi le bana ba ba rekisiwang ka thobalano ka bontsi. Bana ba Malagasy, bontsi jwa bone ba tswa kwa metseselegaeng le kwa matshitshing, le ba ba tswang mo malwapeng a a humanegileng kwa ditoropong, ba dirisiwa botlhaswa mo go gwebeng ka bana ka tsa thobalano. Bontsi jwa kgwebisano ka thobalano ya bana bo diragala ka go nna le seabe le go rotloediwa ke maloko a lelwapa; le fa go ntse jalo, badirisi ba bajanala, dihotele, bakgweetsi ba dithekisi, mafelo a go sidila mmele le bagolo ba lefelo leo ba ba gwebang ka mmele le bone ba tlhofofatsa bokebekwa jo. Bana bangwe ba thapiwa ka tsietso gore ba bereke kwa Antananarivo e le batlhokomedi ba dijo le ba ba sidilang pele ga ba dirisiwa botlhaswa mo go rekiseng bana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Dipego di supa fa tirisobotlhaswa ya bana ka thobalano e aname thata mo mafelong a bojanala le mafelo a meepo a a tlhomameng le a a sa tlhomamang a a e dikologileng. Mekgatlho e e ikemetseng e begile mo nakong e e fetileng gore go raraana ga badirelapuso mo go boneng dikarata tsa boitshupo tsa bosetšhaba tsa maaka go tlhofofatsa go gweba ka bana ka tlhakanelodikobo kwa Madagascar. Dipego tse di fetileng di supile fa go gweba ka bana ka thobalano ya basimane go ntse go anama thata. Tiro ya bana mo gae e tswelela go nna bothata mme dikemedi tse di sa tlhomamang tsa go thapa bana ba ba berekang mo gae ba banna ba Malagasy ba ba dirisang botlhaswa jaaka batswasetlhabelo ba kgwebisano ka thobalano ya bana, fa bontsi jwa bajanala ba thobalano ya bana e le baagi ba [[Fora]] le [[Italia|Italy]], mme ka selekanyo se sennye, batho ba bangwe ba Bophirima le ba kwa Comoros. Kantoro ya Lephata la Lefatshe la United States la go Tlhokomela le go Lwantsha Kgwebisano ka Batho le baya Madagascar mo maemong a lefatshe la " Lenaane la Tebelo la Maemo a bobedi". == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rsix46o44dok0th0g66m23g1191n8ej 0 13185 49676 2026-04-29T19:00:55Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334234940|Women of Zimbabwe Arise]]" 49676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Women of Zimbabwe Arise''' kgotsa '''WOZA''' ke mokgatlho wa baagi kwa [[Zimbabwe]] o o neng wa tlhamiwa ka 2003 ke [[Jenni Williams]] go tlamela basadi, go tswa mo maphateng otlhe a botshelo, ka lentswe le le kopaneng go bua ka dintlha tse di amang matshelo a bone a letsatsi le letsatsi, go nonotsha boeteledipele jwa basadi jo bo tla eteletsang pele tharabololo ya ga jaana mo basadi go emela ditshwanelo le dikgololesego tsa bone le go ngoka le go ba buelela mo dintlheng tseo tse di amang basadi le malwapa a bone. WOZA e tshegediwa ke [[Amnesty International]]. == Thamo ya mafoko == WOZA, e leng khutshwafatso ya Women of Zimbabwe Arise, ke lefoko la [[Setebele]] le le kayang "Tla kwa pele". == Dietsele == Ka 2008, WOZA e ne ya newa [[Amnesty International Menschenrechtspreis]] (kabelo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho) ya 2008 ke kgaolo ya Jeremane ya Amnesty International. Mokgatlho ono o thamilwe ke [[Sheila Dube]], [[Magodong Mahlangu|Magodonga Mahlangu]] le [[Jenni Williams]].<ref name="Jr.Akyeampong2012">{{Cite book |last=Gates Jr. |first=Professor Henry Louis |author-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA41 |last2=Professor [[Emmanuel Akyeampong]] |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2009, Magodonga Mahlangu<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8376167.stm|work=BBC News|title=Zimbabwean women win Obama award|date=24 November 2009}}</ref> le Jenni Williams ba ne ba amogela [[Seetsele sa Ditshwanelo tsa Setho sa ga Robert F. Kennedy]]. Seetsele se ne ban se abelwa ke tautona wa Amerika [[Barack Obama]] ka mafoko a a reng: "Ka sekao sa gagwe, Magodonga o bontshitse basadi ba WOZA le batho ba Zimbabwe gore ba ka nyatsa maatla a bagateledi ba bone ka maatla a bone – gore ba ka fokotsa maatla a mmusaesi ka a bone. Bopelokgale jwa gagwe bo tlhotlheleditse ba bangwe go bitsa a bone." Mo dipuong tsa gagwe tsa go amogela seetsele, Magodonga Mahlangu o ne a nopola [[Robert F. Kennedy]], a re: "Isago ga se mpho: ke phitlhelelo. Kokomana nngwe le nngwe e thusa go itirela isago ya yone." Ka 2012, [[Jenni Williams]] wa WOZA e ne e le moamogedi wa Sekgele sa [[Ginetta Sagan]] go tswa kwa Amnesty International USA jaaka mongwe wa basimolodi ba mekgatlho eno. == Ditshupiso == dkfac41k35at1lblqbbvzt2vd649sdx 49677 49676 2026-04-29T19:04:33Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334234940|Women of Zimbabwe Arise]]" 49677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Women of Zimbabwe Arise''' kgotsa '''WOZA''' ke mokgatlho wa baagi kwa [[Zimbabwe]] o o neng wa tlhamiwa ka 2003 ke [[Jenni Williams]] go tlamela basadi, go tswa mo maphateng otlhe a botshelo, ka lentswe le le kopaneng go bua ka dintlha tse di amang matshelo a bone a letsatsi le letsatsi, go nonotsha boeteledipele jwa basadi jo bo tla eteletsang pele tharabololo ya ga jaana mo basadi go emela ditshwanelo le dikgololesego tsa bone le go ngoka le go ba buelela mo dintlheng tseo tse di amang basadi le malwapa a bone. WOZA e tshegediwa ke [[Amnesty International]]. == Thamo ya mafoko == WOZA, e leng khutshwafatso ya Women of Zimbabwe Arise, ke lefoko la [[Setebele]] le le kayang "Tla kwa pele". == Dietsele == Ka 2008, WOZA e ne ya newa [[Amnesty International Menschenrechtspreis]] (kabelo ya ditshwanelo tsa setho) ya 2008 ke kgaolo ya Jeremane ya Amnesty International. Mokgatlho ono o thamilwe ke [[Sheila Dube]], [[Magodong Mahlangu|Magodonga Mahlangu]] le [[Jenni Williams]].<ref name="Jr.Akyeampong2012">{{Cite book |last=Gates Jr. |first=Professor Henry Louis |author-link=Henry Louis Gates Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA41 |last2=Professor [[Emmanuel Akyeampong]] |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |pages=3–4}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le boraro ka 2009, Magodonga Mahlangu<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8376167.stm|work=BBC News|title=Zimbabwean women win Obama award|date=24 November 2009}}</ref> le Jenni Williams ba ne ba amogela [[Seetsele sa Ditshwanelo tsa Setho sa ga Robert F. Kennedy]]. Seetsele se ne ban se abelwa ke tautona wa Amerika [[Barack Obama]] ka mafoko a a reng: "Ka sekao sa gagwe, Magodonga o bontshitse basadi ba WOZA le batho ba Zimbabwe gore ba ka nyatsa maatla a bagateledi ba bone ka maatla a bone – gore ba ka fokotsa maatla a mmusaesi ka a bone. Bopelokgale jwa gagwe bo tlhotlheleditse ba bangwe go bitsa a bone." Mo dipuong tsa gagwe tsa go amogela seetsele, Magodonga Mahlangu o ne a nopola [[Robert F. Kennedy]], a re: "Isago ga se mpho: ke phitlhelelo. Kokomana nngwe le nngwe e thusa go itirela isago ya yone." Ka 2012, [[Jenni Williams]] wa WOZA e ne e le moamogedi wa Sekgele sa [[Ginetta Sagan]] go tswa kwa Amnesty International USA jaaka mongwe wa basimolodi ba mekgatlho eno. == Tsweletso ya kgatelelo ya mapodisi == Jenni Williams, Magodonga Mahlangu le maloko a mangwe a WOZA ba ne ba tshwarwa makgetlho a le mmalwa mo dingwageng go tloga ka 2008 go fitlha ka 2011.<ref name="AI">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WOMEN OF ZIMBABWE ARISE (WOZA) |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/individuals-at-risk/priority-cases/zimbabwe-women-of-zimbabwe-arise/page.do?id=1361020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429094054/http://www.amnestyusa.org/individuals-at-risk/priority-cases/zimbabwe-women-of-zimbabwe-arise/page.do?id=1361020 |archive-date=29 April 2011 |access-date=19 April 2011 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2011, banna le basadi ba feta sekete ba ne ba nna le seabe mo boipelaetsong jwa [[Letsatsi la Baratani]] la WOZA. Mo dibekeng tse di latelang, maloko a le mmalwa a WOZA a ne a tshwarwa mme go begwa gore a ne a tlhokofadiwa kwa [[Bulawayo]].<ref name="AI" /> WOZA e bolela gore mapodisi a ikgolagantse le mmueledi wa WOZA go batla gore Williams le Mahlangu ba ipege kwa seteisheneng sa mapodisi ka mabaka a a sa tlhalosiwang.<ref name="AI2">{{Cite web |title=Stop Stalking Women of Zimbabwe Arise! (archived) |url=http://takeaction.amnestyusa.org/c.jhKPIXPCIoE/b.6698309/k.94B5/Stop_Stalking_Women_of_Zimbabwe_Arise/siteapps/advocacy/ActionItem.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408121553/http://takeaction.amnestyusa.org/c.jhKPIXPCIoE/b.6698309/k.94B5/Stop_Stalking_Women_of_Zimbabwe_Arise/siteapps/advocacy/ActionItem.aspx |archive-date=April 8, 2011 |access-date=19 April 2011 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Basadi ba ka bobedi ba ne ba tsenngwa mo kgolegelong mme ba gololwa ka go letela tsheko kwa ntle morago ga magolegwa a mangwe a a tserweng morago ga boipelaetso jo bo tshwanang.<ref name="AI3">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=WOZA leaders, Jenni Williams and Magodonga Mahlangu, freed on bail. |url=http://www.amnesty.ie/campaigns/woza-leaders-jenni-williams-and-magodonga-mahlangu-freed-bail |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311232440/http://amnesty.ie/campaigns/woza-leaders-jenni-williams-and-magodonga-mahlangu-freed-bail |archive-date=11 March 2011 |access-date=19 April 2011 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Amnesty International e tlhagisitse go tshwenyega ka pabalesego ya maloko a setlhopha mme ya bitsa WOZA "kgetse e e tlang pele" ya 2011.<ref name="AI" /> == MOZA == Ka Phatwe 2006, kwa Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba ya WOZA, go ne ga swetswa gore go tlhamiwe Men of Zimbabwe Arise (MOZA). Banna, bontsi jwa bone e le bašha, ba ntse ba ‘tla kwa pele’ go tsenelela kgaratlho e e senang tirisodikgoka ya Zimbabwe e e botoka. == Metswedi == lxkohzymrh484ywilgtekqvj6d2ff0i 0 13186 49679 2026-04-29T21:20:16Z Squishypaw 12665 Ke bopile tsebe ya ga ATi 49679 wikitext text/x-wiki Atlasaone "ATI" Molemogi ( Lwetse 28,1989 - Phatwe 31,2025), o itsegeng ka leina la ATI kana Lekhete , e ne e le moopediwa Botswana yo o gapileng dikgele di le dintsi.<ref name=":0">https://yourbotswana.com/gone-too-soon-much-loved-music-star-ati-dies/</ref> O tsholwetse kwa Serowemme a golela mo Lerala. ATI o ne a itsege ka mmino wa gagwe o o kopanyang motswakole mowa wa setho,mme a tlotliwa thata morago ga go gapa dikgele di le thataro kwa dikgeleng tsa BOMU ka ngwaga wa 2017.O tlhokafetse ka Phatwe 31,2025, mme poloko ya gagwe e ne ya nna nngwe ya tse di tona mo ditsong tsa mmino mo Botswana,kwa Tautona Duma Boko a neng a mo tlotla e le moitsenape wa botlhokwa. == Tshimologo ya botshelo == Atlasaone o tsholetswe kwa Serowe, Botswana. O goletse mo dintlheng tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe leno, go akaretsa Serowe le Lerala.<ref>https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/88462</ref> O lemogile lorato lwa gagwe lwa mmino a sa le monnye thata, mme a o dirisa e le tsela ya go ntsha maikutlo ka dikgwetlho tsa botshelo tse a neng a lebane le tsone. O ne a ikaba leina la boopedi la ATI, le gantsi a neng a tlhalosa gore le emetse "Atas-The-Incredible. == Ditiro tsa mmino == ATI o ne a simolla go itsege thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka ngwaga wa 2010 morago ga go ntsha khasete ya gagwe ya Batho Bame. Ka bofefo, o ne a itsege ka botswerere jwa gagwe jo bo kgethegileng jwa go tlhagelela mo seraleng, jo gantsi bo neng bo akaretsa go penta sefatlhego ka pente e ntsho—mokgwa o a neng a o tlhalosa e le sesupo sa "moriti" wa gagwe wa botswerere le boteng jwa semowa.<ref name=":1">https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/ati-hits-hard-as-davido-flops/news</ref> == Phenyo ya BOMU 2017 == Go gola ga ditiro tsa gagwe go ne ga fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka dikgele tsa Botswana Music Union (BOMU) ka 2017. ATI o ne a dira ditso ka go gapa dikgele di le thataro ka bosigo bo le bongwe morago ga katlego ya alebamo ya gagwe ya Envelope.<ref name=":1" /> Pina ya gagwe e e neng e tumile thata ya "Khiring-Khiring Khorong" e ne ya nna pina ya setshaba, mme ya gapa sekgele sa Pina ya Ngwaga. == Ditiro tsa bofelo le boitshwaro == Mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsa bofelo, ATI o ne a fetoga mme a nna molwela-ditshwanelo wa mowa wa setshaba. O ne a simolola mokgatlho wa #KeNaLeATI, o o neng o itebagantse le tlhokego ya ditiro mo bašeng le boikarabelo jwa sepolotiki.<ref>https://www.thegazette.news/features/remembering-ati-the-liberator-we-never-knew-we-needed/</ref> Pina ya gagwe e a e ntshitseng ka 2023, ya "Stimamolelo," e ne ya tlotlomadiwa thata ka ntlha ya nnete e e tswang kwa teng malebana le kgaratlho ya gagwe le bolwetse jwa go tlhoka boitumelo mo moweng.<ref>https://hiphopafrican.com/ati-stands-with-the-entertainment-industry/</ref> == Loso le boswa jwa bosetšhaba == ATI o tlhokafetse ka Phatwe a le 31, 2025, kwa bookelong bongwe mo Gaborone morago ga go amogelwa ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa nakwana.<ref name=":0" /> Loso lwa gagwe lo ne lwa baka nako ya khutsafalo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Ka Lwetse a le 2, 2025, tirelo ya segopotso (Merapelo) e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa Mmadikolo (University of Botswana Sports Arena), mme ya tsenelwa ke dikete tsa balatedi le balaodi ba puso, go akaretsa le Tautona Duma Boko.<ref name=":2">https://dailynews.gov.bw/photo-news-details/88466</ref> Mo tirelong eo, lelapa la gagwe le ne la bua ka nnete le phatlalatsa ka kgaratlho ya gagwe ya lobaka lo loleele le tiriso e e feteletseng ya nnotagi le diritibatsi, kgato e e neng ya akgolwa thata ka go bo e ne e thuba kgethololo le go tlhoka kitso malebana le botsogo jwa tlhaloganyo mo Botswana. O ne a bewa mo bodulong jwa gagwe jwa bofelo kwa Lerala ka Lwetse a le 6, 2025.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} 1l7n8tnute3rkxmnqxgd62680bxpxiv 0 13187 49680 2026-04-29T22:03:52Z Susan Mojombe 10677 Ke ranotse tsebe e 49680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frank Opperman''' (o tshotswe ka di 8 Seetebosigo 1960) ke modiragatsi le seopedi sa Aforika Borwa. == TIRO == O tsholetswe kwa [[Johannesburg]], Opperman o tsene dikolo di le mmalwa go ralala Aforika Borwa kwa [[:en:Worcester,_South_Africa|Worcester]], [[Benoni]], [[:en:Hermanus|Hermanus]] le [[:en:Middelburg,_Mpumalanga|Middelburg]]. O ne a dira materiki kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Silverton kwa Pretoria ka 1978. Opperman o ne a simolola go ithuta molao ka 1979 kwa Yunibesithing ya Pretoria[1] mme go ise go ye kae a latlhegelwa ke kgatlhego mme a tsenela Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Aforika Borwa ka 1980, kwa a neng a tshameka mo setlhopheng sa go gwanta sa sesole. Fa a sena go tswa mo tirelong eo, o ne a ratana le moithuti mongwe wa mosadi wa terama mme a simolola go kgatlhegela go diragatsa jaaka tiro e a ka e tlhophang. Morago ga moo o ne a bona dipoloma ya bosetšhaba ya dingwaga di le tharo ya go diragatsa kwa Pretoria Technikon mme a amogela Awate ya Pretoria Trust ya moithuti yo o gaisang. Dingwaga tse pedi tse di latelang o ne a direla PACT (Lekgotla la Botsweretshi jwa Tiragatso kwa Teransefala) mme a diragatsa mo ditlhagisong tse di jaaka Spring awakening le Caspar mo tuin ya me. Gape o ne a tshameka mmogo le modiragatsi-ka-ene wa Aforikaborwa Arnold Vosloo mo filiming e e tletseng e e bidiwang Boetie gaan border toe, mme o ne a itsege thata mo setoring sa metlae sa Seaforikanse se se bidiwang Orkney Snork Nie, se se tlhamilweng ke Willie Esterhuizen, a tshameka karolo ya moanelwa yo o bidiwang Ouboet van Tonder. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990, o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa terama ya thelebišene ya Aforika Borwa ya The Big Time jaaka Chris Karedes, mofaladi wa kwa Cyprus. Motseletsele ono o amogetse diawate di le mmalwa tsa SABC Artes.[2] Ka 2010, o ne a tshameka karolo ya setlhogo mo setoring sa metlae sa SABC2 sa Die Uwe Pottie Potgieter. Ka 2014 o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo motseletseleng wa diterama tsa kykNET tsa Pandjieswinkelstories. Ka 2018, Opperman o ne a tsaya karolo mo go Bineng le Dinaledi tsa Aforika Borwa mmogo le motantshi wa seporofešenale, Jeanné Swart. == METSWEDI == sivwbqkxrd57tsxm36i52u8c09qhd3u 49685 49680 2026-04-30T08:51:19Z Susan Mojombe 10677 Ke ranotse tsebe e 49685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frank Opperman''' (o tshotswe ka di 8 Seetebosigo 1960) ke modiragatsi le seopedi sa Aforika Borwa. == TIRO == O tsholetswe kwa [[Johannesburg]], Opperman o tsene dikolo di le mmalwa go ralala Aforika Borwa kwa [[:en:Worcester,_South_Africa|Worcester]], [[Benoni]], [[:en:Hermanus|Hermanus]] le [[:en:Middelburg,_Mpumalanga|Middelburg]]. O ne a dira materiki kwa sekolong sa Silverton High School kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] ka 1978. Opperman o ne a simolola go ithuta molao ka 1979 kwa [[:en:University_of_Pretoria|University Of Pretoria]]<ref><nowiki>http://www.frankopperman.co.za/about-frank/</nowiki> [https://web.archive.org/web/20111008215324/http://www.frankopperman.co.za/about-frank/ Archived] 8 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] Frank Opperman Retrieved 25 June 2011</ref>mme go ise go ye kae a latlhegelwa ke kgatlhego mme a tsenelela [[:en:South_African_Defence_Force|South African Defence Force]] ka 1980, kwa a neng a tshameka mo setlhopheng sa go gwanta sa sesole. Fa a sena go tswa mo tirelong eo, o ne a ratana le moithuti mongwe wa mosadi wa drama mme a simolola go kgatlhegela go diragatsa jaaka tiro e a ka e tlhophang. Morago ga moo o ne a bona diploma ya bosetšhaba ya dingwaga di le tharo ya go diragatsa kwa Pretoria Technikon mme a amogela Pretoria Trust Award ya moithuti yo o gaisang. Dingwaga tse pedi tse di latelang o ne a direla PACT (Performing Arts Council Transvaal) mme a diragatsa mo ditlhagisong tse di jaaka ''Spring awakening'' le ''Caspar in my tuin tuin''. Gape o ne a tshameka mmogo le modiragatsi-ka-ene wa Aforikaborwa [[:en:Arnold_Vosloo|Arnold Vosloo]] mo filiming e e tletseng e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Boetie_Gaan_Border_Toe|Boetie gaan border toe]]'', mme o ne a itsege thata mo Afrikaans sitcoim se se bidiwang ''[[:en:Orkney_Snork_Nie|Orkney Snork Nie]]'', se se tlhamilweng ke [[:en:Willie_Esterhuizen|Willie Esterhuizen]], a tshameka karolo ya moanelwa yo o bidiwang ''Ouboet van Tonder''. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990, o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa drama ya setshwantsho sa motshikinyego ya Aforika Borwa ya ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Big_Time_(South_African_TV_series)&action=edit&redlink=1 The Big Time]'' jaaka Chris Karedes, mofaladi wa kwa Cyprus. Motseletsele ono o amogetse diawate di le mmalwa tsa SABC Artes.<ref>[https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=10214 "Frank Opperman | TVSA"]. ''www.tvsa.co.za''. Retrieved 15 November 2017.</ref> Ka 2010, o ne a tshameka karolo ya setlhogo mo SABC2 sitcoim sa ''Die Uwe Pottie Potgieter''. Ka 2014 o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo series ya drama tsa [[:en:KykNET|kykNET]] tsa ''Pandjieswinkelstories''. Ka 2018, Opperman o ne a tsaya karolo [[:en:Dancing_with_the_Stars_(South_African_TV_series)|Dancing with the Stars South Africa]] mmogo le mobini yo o itseng thata, Jeanné Swart. == LELWAPA == Ka 1988, o ne a nyala modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa e bong Susan Coetzer, mme ka 1992 ba ne ba tlhalana; ba na le morwa a le mongwe yo o godileng, Frankie. Fa e sale ka 2005, o ntse a nna le Esmarie Meyer. Morwadiabone o tshotswe ka 2006. == MMINO LE TSE DINGWE == Ka 1993 o ne a fudugela kwa Amerika dingwaga di le mmalwa mme moragonyana a boela kwa Aforika Borwa go nna mong-mmogo wa setlhopha sa mmino wa jazz se se bidiwang [[:en:The_Bassline_(club)|Bassline]] kwa Johannesburg. O ne gape a golola album ya mmino wa rock e e bidiwang ''Serial Boyfriend''. Mo dingwageng tse di latelang, o ne a tsaya karolo mo project tse di farologaneng, gareng ga tse dingwe ''Gauteng-Aleng'', e leng metlae ya metlae e a neng a dira gape mmogo le [[:en:Willie_Esterhuizen|Willie Esterhuizen]]. O tlhageletse gape mo ''Dryfsand'', drama ya setshwantsho sa motshikinyego ya Afrikaans e e kwadilweng ke P.G. du Plessis.<ref>[https://www.showmax.com/bw/eng/tvseries/getauloz-dryfsand "Showmax"]. ''[[:en:Showmax|Showmax]]''. Retrieved 15 November 2017.</ref>Morago ga dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, o ne a boela kwa bobogelong, a tshameka mo ''Die Uwe Pottie Potgieter'', pontsho ya motho a le mongwe e e neng a e kwaletswe ke [[:en:Dana_Snyman|Dana Snyman]]. == METSWEDI == hkcfn5wj0cfcuw1ocn4npyhlunu06iz 0 13188 49681 2026-04-29T23:11:13Z Squishypaw 12665 ke bopile tsebe ya Goo Moremi Gorge 49681 wikitext text/x-wiki Goo Moremi Gorge e kwa botlhaba jwa Botswana, dikhilometara di ka nna masome a marataro le bosupa (67 km) kwa botlhaba jwa toropo ya Palapye, mo motseng o monnye wa Goo Moremi. Goo Moremi Gorge ke lefelo la ngwao le le babaletsweng le le fa gare ga dithaba tsa Tswapong. Lefelo le, le na le metswedi e e sa pheng e e bopang diphororo tse di kgethegileng, di dikanyeditswe ke dithaba le matswapo a a bogale.<ref name=":0">https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/destination/goo-moremi-gorge</ref> Lefelo le la tlholego le na le merogo le ditlhare tse di sa tlwaelegang, mmogo le diphologolo tsa naga di akaretsa tholo, kukama, phuti, le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dinonyane. Gape, go na le Goo Moremi Lodge e e fang bajanala marobalo a a segompieno fa ba etetse Goo Moremi Gorge. Lodge e, e na le matlo a manobonobo , madibogo a go thibelela (campsites), le ditente.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditso le ditumelo tsa segologolo == Goo Moremi Gorge e tsewa e le lefelo le le boitshepo ke morafe wa Bapedi le Batswapong, ba ba dumelang gore lefelo le ke legae la badimo ba bone. Ka ntlha ya boitshepo jwa lone, baeti ba tshwanelwa ke go latela melao e e tshwanetseng ya ngwao, go akaretsa: Go didimala le boitshwaro: Go letsa molodi, go goa, kgotsa go dira modumo ope o o kwa godimo mo Goo Moremi Gorge go iletswe gotlhelele. Kiletso ya go thuma: Le fa go na le matsha a metsi, go thuma mo phororong go a ilediwa ka gonne e tsewa e le e e boitshepo mme e le ya badimo. Baeteledipele ba ba tlamang: Go tsena mo Goo Moremi Gorge go letleletswe fela fa o na le mookami wa mo gae (guide) go netefatsa gore melao ya ngwao e a tlotliwa.<ref>https://www.mmegi.bw/features/goo-moremi-a-place-of-unspoilt-gorges-and-amazing-folklore/news-56462</ref> == Metswedi == hk9ywf8lwulp1lg048l1dq8g93fcbrc 0 13189 49682 2026-04-30T00:48:40Z Squishypaw 12665 ke tlhanotse tsebe e 49682 wikitext text/x-wiki Botswana Railways (BR) ke lephata la puso la dikgwebano le le rwalang dithoto le batho ka diterena mo Botswana. Lephata le le thomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1987 morago ga gore puso ya Botswana e reke ditsela tsa seporo tse di mo nageng ya yone go tswa mo go ba National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ).<ref name=":0">https://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile</ref> == Ditso == Ditsela tsa ntlha tsa seporo mo Botswana di thailwe ka ngwaga wa 1896 ke ba Bechuanaland Railway Company. Kwa tshimologong, seporo se se ne se laolwa ke ba Rhodesia Railways, mme morago ga boipuso, sa laolwa ke National Railways of Zimbabwe. Ka ngwaga wa 1987, puso ya Botswana e ne ya tsaya taolo ka botlalo mme ya bopela BR ntlo-kgolo kwa Mahalapye. Ka ngwaga wa 1999, go bulwa ga seporo sa Beitbridge Bulawayo Railway kwa Zimbabwe go ne ga fokotsa thoto e e fetang ka Botswana, mme se sa tlhola tatlhegelo ya madi mo go ba BR. Go tswa nako eo, BR e ne ya simolola go batla ditsela tse di kgethegileng tse di sa feteng ka Zimbabwe go golagana le mafatshe a mangwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditiro tsa seporo == Seporo sa Botswana se na le boleele jwa dikhilometara di le 888 km. Tsela e tona e tswa kwa Ramatlhabama (kwa molelwaneng wa Aferika Borwa) go ya go fitlha kwa Ramokgwebana (kwa molelwaneng wa Zimbabwe).<ref>https://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/introduction-1</ref> Gape go na le ditsela tse di fapogelang (branch lines) mo mafelong a: Palapye go ya Morupule: Go rwala malatlha. Serule go ya Selebi-Phikwe: Go rwala kopore (copper/nickel). Francistown go ya Sowa: Go rwala letswai le soda ash. == Diterana tsa batho == Ka Tlhakole 2009, ditiro tsa diterena tsa batho di ne tsa emisiwa ka ntlha ya ditatlhegelo, mme tsa busediwa gape ka Mopitlo 2016 ka leina la BR Express. Le fa go ntse jalo, ditiro tse di ne tsa emisiwa gape ka ngwaga wa 2020 ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa COVID-19. Go tsweng nako eo, go nne le dikgwetho tsa go busetsa diterena tseno mo tseleng ka botlalo ka ntlha ya ditshenyegelo le tlhokomelo ya diterena.<ref>https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/85574</ref> == Ditsholofelo tsa isago == Botswana o sa tswa go gokagana le naga ya Zambia ka borogo jwa Kazungula Bridge, jo bo nang le tsela ya seporo go thusa go rwala dithoto go sa fetwe ka Zimbabwe. Gape go na le dithulaganyo tsa go aga seporo se se yang kwa Mozambique (Techobanine) le se se yang Namibia (Trans-Kalahari Railway) go golaganya Botswana le mawatle.<ref>https://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/news-and-events</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:Botswana Railways (BR EXPRESS).jpg|Terena ya BR Express mo tseleng. Setshwantsho:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|Terena e tshela borogo jwa Notwane kwa Gaborone. Setshwantsho:Botswana rail network map.svg|Mmapa wa ditsela tsa seporo mo Botswana. </gallery> == Metswedi == j2ebalt4ug44x46qdlpisj0f788sxf5 0 13190 49683 2026-04-30T01:30:34Z Squishypaw 12665 ke tlhanotse tsebe e 49683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makgadikgadi Pans''' ke lefelo la matsha a letswai le le tona le le kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Botswana]]. Ke nngwe ya mafelo a letswai a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe. == Ditso == Bogologolo, lefelo le ne le tletse metsi e le letsha le letona la Makgadikgadi. Morago ga dingwaga tse dintsintsi, metsi a ne a phedila mme ga sala letswai le re le bonang gompieno.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Makgadikgadi-Salt-Pans</ref> == Bojanala == Lefelo le le itsege ka ditlhare tsa bo-Baobab (moana) le mosepele o motona wa diphologolo jaaka dipitsi (zebras).<ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0908</ref> Seteisane sa diterena sa [[Gweta]] ke sone se gaufi le go tsena mo matsheng a.Fa dipula di sena go na, matsha a a tlala metsi mme a gogele dipalo tse dintsi tsa dinonyane jaaka bo-flamingo. Gape, go na le mosepele o motona wa dipitsi (zebras) le dikokong (wildebeest) tse di tlang go fula bojang bo bo talana.<ref>https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/explore/makgadikgadi-pans</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:KubuIsland 02.jpg|Setlhaka sa Kubu (Kubu Island) mo Sua Pan. Setshwantsho:Baobab in Savuti - Botswana - panoramio.jpg|Setlhare sa Moana (Baobab) se se tumeng mo Botswana. Setshwantsho:Flamingo migration Makgadikgadi Pan.jpg|Dinonyane tsa Flamingo kwa Makgadikgadi. </gallery> == Metswedi == <gallery> </gallery> ngy5bkdogtwy4bxzpqnq60m65459xew 0 13191 49684 2026-04-30T02:24:22Z Squishypaw 12665 ke bopile tsebe e 49684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|name=World Health Organization|logo=WHO World Health Organization logo.png|caption=Letshwao la World Health Organization|image=WHO headquarters Geneva.jpg|image_size=250px|alt=Ntlokgolo ya WHO kwa Geneva|formation=7 Moranang 1948|type=United Nations specialized agency|headquarters=[[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]|leader_title=Mookamedi-Gogolo|leader_name=[[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]]|parent_organization=[[Ditshaba Tse Di Kopaneng]] (United Nations)|website=[https://www.who.int www.who.int]|map=World Health Organization members.svg|map_caption=Mapatlelo a a bontshang maloko a WHO (ka botala)}} '''World Health Organization''' ('''WHO'''; ka Setswana: '''Lekgotla la Botsogo la Lefatshe''') ke lekgotla le le kgethegileng la [[Ditshaba Tse Di Kopaneng]] le le rwalang boikarabelo jwa botsogo jwa batho mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Molaotheo wa lone o tlhalosa maikaelelo a lone e le go netefatsa gore batho botlhe ba fitlhela seemo se se kwa godimo sa botsogo. Ntlokgolo ya lone e kwa [[Geneva]], kwa [[Switzerland]],<ref>https://www.who.int/about</ref> mme le na le diofisi tsa kgaolo di le tharo le diofisi tsa mafatshe di le 150. == Ditso (History) == Lekgotla la Ditshaba (League of Nations) le ne la tshwara khonferense ya mafatshe ka botsogo ka ngwaga wa 1946. Molaotheo wa WHO o ne wa saenelwa ke mafatshe a le 61 ka Phukwi a le 22, 1946. O ne wa simolola go bereka semmuso ka di-7 Moranang 1948,<ref>https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution</ref> mme gompieno letsatsi le le ketekwa e le Letsatsi la Botsogo la Lefatshe (World Health Day). Tshwaragano ya ntlha e ne e le go lwantsha malwetse a a fetelang jaaka sekgwaripaneng (smallpox), malaria, le bolwetse jwa kgotlholo e e tona (tuberculosis). WHO e atlegile thata ka go fedisa sekgwaripaneng ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref>https://www.who.int/about/history</ref> == Thulaganyo le Taolo (Governance) == WHO e laolwa ke World Health Assembly (WHA), e e akaretsang maloko a a tswang mo mafatsheng a le 194. WHA e kopana ngwaga le ngwaga kwa Geneva go tlhoma melao, go kgetha Mookamedi-Gogolo, le go sekaseka madi a tiriso. Mookamedi-Gogolo wa gompieno ke [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]],<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization</ref> yo o tlhophilweng la ntlha ka ngwaga wa 2017. == Maikarabelo a Mantle (Responsibilities) == Maikarabelo a magolo a WHO a akaretsa: * Go rotloetsa botsogo mo botshelong jotlhe. * Go lwantsha malwetse a a sa fetelang jaaka kankere le bolwetse jwa sukiri. * Go baakanyetsa le go araba ditshoganetso tsa botsogo (health emergencies). * Go netefatsa gore mafatshe a na le diritibatsi le dikatso tse di siameng.<ref>https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do</ref> <gallery> </gallery> == Metswedi (References) == <references /> * == Dikgolagano tsa kwa ntle == * [https://www.who.int/ Webosaite ya semmuso ya World Health Organization] * [https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution Molaotheo wa WHO] * [https://www.un.org/en/ Lekgotla la Ditshaba Tse Di Kopaneng (United Nation] {{Authority control}} dax4b7ucjm5xy32ef1sd7lw6ya5vb6o 0 13192 49686 2026-04-30T09:08:13Z Susan Mojombe 10677 Ke ranotse tsebe e 49686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Camilla Waldman''' (o tshotswe ka di 22 Tlhakole 1968) ke modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa, yo o itsegeng thata ka seabe sa gagwe jaaka Anne de Villiers, Mohumagatsana wa lefelo la boaka la maemo a a kwa godimo, mo lenaneong la sesepa la SABC1 la [[:en:Generations_(South_African_TV_series)|Generations]], go tloga ka Mopitlwe 2004 go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 2008 . == TIRO == Waldman o weditse BA mo drama le Performers Diploma, a aloga ka cum laude kwa [[:en:University_of_Cape_Town|University of Cape Town]]. Morago ga moo o ne a tsenelela Jazzart Dance Company mme a diragatsa le bone dingwaga di le pedi. Waldman o tlhageletse mo go ''[[:en:The_Fall_(2006_film)|The fall]]'' (2006), ''Dead Easy'' (2004) le ''[[:en:Berserker_(2004_film)|Berserker]]''. Ka 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Teresa de' Medici mo motseletseleng wa thelebishene wa ''[[:en:Leonardo_(2011_TV_series)|Leonardo]]''.<ref>Mason, Tom. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110411225246/http://comics.gearlive.com/comix411/article/q308-leonardo-on-cbbc/ "Leonardo On CBBC"]. Comix 411. Archived from [https://comics.gearlive.com/comix411/article/q308-leonardo-on-cbbc/ the original] on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.</ref>Setlha sa ntlha sa Leonardo se ne sa thuntshiwa mo lefelong mo Aforika Borwa mo halofong yotlhe ya bobedi ya 2010. Setlha sa bobedi se ne sa wediwa mo lefelong kwa Motsekapa mme sa gasiwa ka 2012. Go ne ga itsisiwe ka la bo 21 Ferikgong 2013 gore Leonardo ga a kitla a dirisiwa gape mo setlheng sa boraro. == METSWEDI == rtmny2gsucye41r4ecsmffmimkibvy0 0 13193 49687 2026-04-30T09:13:50Z JudithShe 9421 I translated Rikki Nathanson's article to Setswana for the AWA program 49687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Rikki Nathanson|birth_date=1956|birth_place=[[Zimbabwe]]|citizenship=Zimbabwe|occupation=Molwela ditshwanelo Mokwaledi wa kompone mogwebi|years active=2005 go tsena gompieno|organizations=Trans Research Education Advocacy and Training (TREAT); Sexual Rights Centre; Southern Africa Trans Forum; OutRight Action International|known for=Go lwela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ba fetotseng bong; tsheko e e neng e tumile ya 2019 kwa Zimbabwe|title=Motlhami wa TREAT|awards=Seetsele sa Felipa de Souza (2019)}} '''Rikki Nathanson''' (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1956) ke molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ba fetotseng bong. O tlhamile mokgatlho o o buelelang dipatlisiso le thuto ka phetogo bong o o bidiwang Trans Research Education Advocacy and Training (TREAT) ka ngwaga wa 2015. Morago ga go tshwarelwa go dirisa ntlwana ya boithomelo ya bomme kwa [[Bulawayo]] ka 2014, o ne a bega kgang kwa mapodising mme a fenya tsheko eo ka 2018. Ka nako e o, o ne a tshabetse kwa US, o nna kwa [[Maryland]] gompieno. == Tsa pereko le go lwela ditshwanelo == Rikki Nathanson (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1956)<ref name=":0">Ndoro, Tim E. (15 November 2019). [https://iharare.com/zimbabwean-court-rules-in-favour-of-lgbt/ "Zimbabwean Court rules in favour of LGBT as Victim awarded $400k"]. ''iHarare News''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> o tsene sekolo kwa [[Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators]], a nna mokwaledi wa kompone. Morago ga go iphetola bong, o ne a simolodisa lekgotla la bommabontle ka ngwaga wa 2005. Go lwela ditshwanelo ga gagwe go simolotse ka ngwaga wa 2007, fa a nna leloko la lekgotla la ditshwanelo tsa thobalano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220115182730/https://mpactglobal.org/activists-focus-ricky-rikki-nathanson-trans-research-education-training-treat-zimbabwe/ "Activists in Focus Ricky "Rikki" Nathanson of Trans Research, Education & Training (TREAT) Zimbabwe".] ''MPact Global Action''. 5 January 2018. Archived from [https://mpactglobal.org/activists-focus-ricky-rikki-nathanson-trans-research-education-training-treat-zimbabwe/ the original] on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Nathanson o tlhamile [[Trans Research Education Advocacy Training]] (TREAT) ka ngwaga wa 2015.<ref name=":1">Tapfumaneyi, Robert (20 May 2019). [https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zim-transgender-ricky-nathanson-wins-us-award/ "Zim transgender Ricky Nathanson wins US award"]. ''New Zimbabwe''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> O na le seabe mo setlhopheng sa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] se se begelang [[United Nations Development Programme]].<ref>[https://www.brunswickgroup.com/site-upgrade/ "Pride without Parades: The Importance of LGBTQ+ History in the Quarantine Era"]. ''Brunswick''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Ditsheko == Ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 2014, Nathanson o ne a tshwarwa kwa maitisong kwa Bulawayo ka molato wa go baka tlhakatlhakano, morago ga go dirisa ntlwana ya boithomelo ya bomme. Mapodisi a le marataro a a neng a apere paka a ne a mo tshwara, a fetsa malatsi a mararo le masigo a mabedi mo kgolegelong, a sekasekiwa bong go netefatsa bong jwa gagwe.<ref name=":2">Ring, Trudy (19 November 2019). [https://www.advocate.com/world/2019/11/19/trans-woman-wins-landmark-court-case-zimbabwe "Trans Woman Wins Landmark Court Case in Zimbabwe".] ''Advocate''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref><ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200719114335/https://outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/Presser-RikkiN.pdf "Breaking News: Zimbabwe High Court awards damages in ground breaking judgement in favour of Ricky Nathanson, a transgender women from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Fa tsheko e ya kgotlatshekelong, moatlhodi o ne a kopa basekisi go tlhalosa gore tlhakatlhakano e ne e le eng mme ga supagala fa go sa diriwa molato ope, ka jalo tsheko ya tshololwa.<ref name=":2" /> Nathanson o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go lebisa Farai Mteliso molato (molweladitshwanelo wa ZANU-PF o a neng a biditse mapodisi) [[Augustine Chihuri]] (ramapodisi wa nako e o), [[Ignatius Chombo]] (tona wa nako eo wa tsa selegae), le lepodise Enock Masimba (mogogi wa sepodisi sa legare wa nako eo).<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga dingwaga di le tlhano, Nathanson o ne a fenya tsheko ya gagwe ka 2019, Kwa kgotlatshekelong, Moatlhodi Francis Bere o ne a soboka ka gore "re ka se tile go bua gore maitshwaro a ba sepodisi mo go tshwareng mosekisiwa a ne a tlhabisa ditlhong ka gore ba mo tlontlolotse ka go mo tshwara." O ne a re a duelwe ditshenyegelo tsa madi a dikete di le makgolo a mane a di dolara tsa Zimbabwe.<ref name=":0" /> Nathanson o ne a kopile go duelwa didikadike tse pedi le dikete di supa, dikete di le makgolo a mane tsa madi a o ka nako e o a ne a lekana le sekete se le sengwe fela le lekgolo la di dolara tsa America.<ref name=":2" /> "Re itumeletse gore tshiamiso, tekatekano le mautlwelobotlhoko a diragaditswe" ga bua Tashwill Esterhuizen, mmueledi wa [[Southern African Litigation Centre (]]SACL).<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/2019/11/18/breaking-news-zimbabwe-high-court-awards-damages-in-ground-breaking-judgment-in-favour-of-ricky-nathanson-a-transgender-woman-and-activist/ "Breaking News: Zimbabwe High Court awards damages in ground breaking judgment in favour of Ricky Nathanson, a transgender woman and activist – Southern Africa Litigation Centre".] Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Mo katlholong ya ga Bere o ne a lemoga gape ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ba fetotseng bong, a re Nathanson ga a ipone e le monna kgotsa mosadi.<ref>Staff (14 November 2019). [https://www.zimlive.com/transgender-man-wins-400k-damages-from-police-for-unlawful-arrest/ "Transgender man wins $400k damages from police for unlawful arrest".] ''Zimbabwe News Now''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Botshabi == Ka nako ya phenyo ya gagwe ya semolao ka 2019, Nathanson o ne a setse a nna kwa US, a atlegile mo go kopeng boagedi jwa botshabi. O fudugetse kwa [[Rockville]], [[Maryland]] ebile o ne a bereka kwa Casa Ruby, lekgotlana la batho ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang kwa Washington, D.C. Ka Lwetse 2019, o ne a nna bontlha jwa baeteledipele ba lekgotla la Outright Action International.<ref name=":4">Lavers, Michael K. (8 May 2019). [https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/05/08/transgender-activist-from-zimbabwe-receives-asylum-in-us/ "Transgender activist from Zimbabwe receives asylum in US".] ''Washington Blade''. Retrieved 30 April 2026.</ref> O ne a atswiwa ka seetsele sa Felipa de Souza ke Outright ka 2019.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a kopa boagedi jwa botshabi ka Morule a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2018, morago ga go tsenelela bokopano jwa [[Outright Action International]] jwa ngwaga le ngwaga kwa New York, a neelwa boagedi joo kwa US ka Tlhakole a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2019.<ref name=":4" /> Tshwetso ya gagwe e tsile morago ga go ditlhotlhomiso tse di neng di tsweletse kwa Zimbabwe, di akaretsa go reetsa tse a di buang mo mogaleng wa gagwe wa lotheka le go salwa morago ke koloi ka Phatwe 2018.<ref>Lavers, Michael K. (8 May 2019). [https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/05/08/transgender-activist-from-zimbabwe-receives-asylum-in-us/ "Transgender activist from Zimbabwe receives asylum in US".] ''Washington Blade''. Retrieved 30 April 2026.</ref> Kwa Casa Ruby, o ne a bereka e le mookamedi wa thibelo mogare wa HIV le go tsibosa batho.<ref>Lavers, Michael K. (8 May 2019). [https://www.washingtonblade.com/2019/05/08/transgender-activist-from-zimbabwe-receives-asylum-in-us/ "Transgender activist from Zimbabwe receives asylum in US"]. ''Washington Blade''. Retrieved 30 April 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == 0m4fx7a04c0koy1ziwtv50iahbhouk6 0 13194 49690 2026-04-30T09:49:46Z JudithShe 9421 I translated Moud Goba's article to Setswana for the AWA program 49690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Moud Goba|organizations=Micro Rainbow International Gay Afrika UK Black Pride|awards=Seetsele sa Attitude ka 2017 Bomme ba ba lekgolo ba BBC ka 2022 Seetsele sa mafatshefatshe sa BET International ka 2023|birth_place=[[Harare]] [[Zimbabwe]]}} '''Moud Goba''' ke molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ke motshabi kwa [[United Kingdom]] kwa a gorogileng teng a santse a le mmotlana e le mokopi wa botshabelo a tshaba kwa Zimbabwe morago ga dingwaga tsa pogiso go bo a ratana le basadi jaaka ene.<ref>Opoku-Gyimah, Phyll (6 December 2022). [https://www.thepinknews.com/2021/06/17/lady-phyll-moud-goba-queer-bible/ "Lady Phyll shares powerful story of the 'Black, lesbian, warrior woman' who changed her life for good, Moud Goba"]. PinkNews. Retrieved 30 April 2026.</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Goba o goletse kwa [[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Goba, Moud (16 November 2021). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 "I fled to the UK seeking asylum – now I'm a proud lesbian mum]". Metro. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> O tshabile kwa lefatsheng leo ka nako ya puso ya ga [[Robert Mugabe]],<ref name=":0">[https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ "Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba".] ''Attitude''. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> e go neng go bogisiwa ebile go tshwenngwa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang.<ref>Muparamoto, Nelson (11 November 2021). [https://brill.com/view/journals/bafr/13/3/article-pS1_1.xml?language=en "LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe's extirpation in Zimbabwe"]. ''Africa Review''. '''13''' (3): S1–S16. doi:[https://brill.com/view/journals/bafr/13/3/article-pS1_1.xml 10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042]. S2CID [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08ebe029bbc6614dd4fca013086b7ea38214b29a 225237647.] Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Morago ga go kopa botshabelo kwa UK, o ne a leta dingwaga di le pedi gore kopo ya gagwe e atlege. Goba o ne a re nako eo ya go leta ke nako ya go ithaopa mo makgotleng a a farologaneng le go tlhama la gagwe - Gay Afrika - go nthusa go batla ba bangwe ba ba tshwanang le nna ba ba nnang kwa UK.<ref>Cairns, Kay (15 January 2017). [https://nehandaradio.com/2017/01/15/letter-zimbabwe-moud-goba-part-gay-human/ "Zim gay activist in the UK: Moud Goba – "Part gay but all human"".] ''Nehanda Radio''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Go lwela ditshwanelo == Goba ke mongwe wa batlhami ba UK Black pride, moletlo wa baratani ba bong bo bo tshwanang ba bantsho kwa Lontone o o diragetseng fa e sale ka 2005.<ref>[https://lgbtleaders.co.uk/speaker/moud-goba/ "Moud Goba"]. ''LGBTLeaders.co.uk''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Ke modulasetilo wa baeteledipele ba one.<ref name=":1">Wylie, Melissa (6 December 2022). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 "BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?".] BBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Goba o bereka e le moookamedi mananeo kwa Micro Rainbow International, lekgotla la bopelotlhomogi le le emeng nokeng batho ba ba senang magae ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang mme ba batla botshabelo. <ref>[https://diva-magazine.com/2023/04/22/the-diva-power-list-2023-is-here/ "Meet the visionaries blazing a trail for LGBTQIA women and non-binary people".] ''Diva''. 22 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref>Goba o bereka go thusa batshabi go batla ditiro gape o eteletse pele lenaneo la go batla magae a a babalesegileng le le thusang batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mabedi le botlhano ngwaga le ngwaga ba ba ratang ka bong.<ref name=":1" /> Goba o itebagantse le batshabi ba ba gorogelang kwa UK go tswa [[Afghanistan.]]<ref>[https://www.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/en/speakers/moud-goba/ "Moud Goba"]. [[:en:Rencontres_Economiques_d'Aix-en-Provence|''Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence''.]] Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Goba e ne e le bontlha jwa mogwanto wa ditshwanelo tsa baratani ba bong bo bo tshwanang kwa pulong ya metshameko ya mafatshe a selekane kwa lobaleng lwa Alexander kwa [[Birmingham]], [[England]], a na le balwela ditshwanelo ba bangwe ba le batlhano le [[Tom Daley]].<ref>[https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwean-lesbian-and-refugee-part-of-gay-rights-parade-at-commonwealth-games-opening/ "Zimbabwean lesbian and refugee part of gay rights parade at Commonwealth Games opening".] ''NewZimbabwe.com''. 31 July 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Go bereka ga gagwe le makgotla a a santseng a simolola mo go thuseng batshabi ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang, Goba o ne a akareditswe mo lenaaneng la baagi ba mafatshefatshe ka 2023 ba ba lwelang ditshwanelo, go supiwa fa e le mongwe o o tlaa beiwang leitlho ka 2023.<ref>Okunola, Akindare (16 December 2022). [https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/activists-to-watch-in-2023/ "18 Activists You Should Absolutely Look Out for in 2023"]. [[:en:Global_Citizen_Festival|''Global Citizen''.]] Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == Ka ngwaga wa 2015, pampiri ya [[The Independent]] e ne ya supa Goba fa e le mongwe wa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang ba ba nang le thotloetso kwa UK, ka maitemogelo a gagwe a go bereka le batshabi.<ref>Morrison, Sarah (15 November 2015). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/therainbowlist/rainbow-list-2015-1-to-101-a6731391.html "Rainbow List 2015: 1 to 101".] [[:en:The_Independent|''The Independent''.]] Retrieved 30 April 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2017, pampiri ya dikgang ya Attitude e ne ya lemoga thuso ya ga Goba ya go thusa bathsbai ba bangwe ka go mo fa tlotla ya seetsele sa Attitude Pride.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 2022, Goba o ne a le mo lenaaneng la bomme ba le lekgolo ba [[BBC]]. a lemogiwa ka seabe sa gagwe mo batshabing ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2023, Goba o ne a amogela seetsele sa [[BET International]] go bo a batlela batshabi ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang mafelo a botshabelo le go ba amanya le setshaba.<ref>Ramachandran, Naman (20 June 2023). [https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/lgbtq-bet-international-global-good-award-moud-goba-1235649174/ "LGBTQ+ Activist Moud Goba to be Honored With 2023 BET International Global Good Award (EXCLUSIVE)".] ''Variety''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 2yyv4iqmle5iy68fqbkcxkm2c7lngvo 0 13195 49691 2026-04-30T10:48:17Z JudithShe 9421 I translated Tsitsi Tiripano's article to Setswana for the AWA program 49691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Poliyanna Mangwiro|birth_date=1967|birth_place=[[Zimbabwe]]|death_date=Motsheganong 2001|death_place=[[Zimbabwe]]|other names=Tsitsi Tiripano|citizenship=mo Zimbabwe|occupation=Molwela ditshwanelo tsa setho|years active=1988 go tsena 2001|organizations=Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe (GALZ)|known for=Go lwela ditshwanelo tsa bomme ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang kwa Zimbabwe|awards=Seetsele sa Amnesty International sa 2000}} '''Poliyanna Mangwiro''' (o o tshotsweng ka 1967 a tlhokafala ka Motsheganong 2001), o o itsegeng ka leina la '''Tsitsi Tiripano,''' e ne e le molwela ditshwanelo wa bomme ba ba ratanang le bomme jaaka bone kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, lekgotla la [[Amnesty International]] le ne la mo fa tlotla ya go nna mosireletsi wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa ngwaga. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Poliyanna Mangwiro o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1967, e le ene ngwana wa ntlha kwa ga bone.<ref name=":0">[https://digdc.dclibrary.org/do/39dc5945-cdb9-4aa2-9bad-8ccc5157b8e8 "TsiTsi Tiripano: Zimbabwean Gay Rights Activist Speaks About Abuses at Home".] ''Women in the Life''. April 2000. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano, o ne a nyadisiwa moeteledipele wa kereke ya Sekeresete o o dingwaga di masome matlhano le botlhano ka dikgoka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Fatumma, Dedê (2024). "Le language de nos corps ne tient pas dans leur langue : Le corps quilombo gouine : la résistance féministe noire lesbienne". ''Le lesbianisme : Gouines, lesbiennes, bisexuelles & dissidentes de genre'' (in French). Anacaona Editions. pp. 53–66. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9782490297320|<bdi>9782490297320</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":2">[https://archive.globalgayz.com/africa/zimbabwe/gay-zimbabwe-news-and-reports-2/ "Gay Zimbabwe News & Reports 1998-2007".] ''Global Gayz''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref><ref name=":3">Smith, Jenn (2000). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20836581 "interview: TSITSI TIRIPANO: FIGHTING FOR LESBIAN AND GAY RIGHTS IN ZIMBABWE"]. ''Off Our Backs''. '''30''' (4): 1–7. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0030-0071 0030-0071]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20836581 20836581.]</ref> Morago ga dingwaga di le mmalwa, a le dingwaga di le masome mabedi le motso, o ne a kgaogana le monna wa gagwe le bana ba bone ba basimane ba le babedi go nna le mopati wa gagwe wa mme kwa [[Harare]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">Cohen, Felice (June 2000). "Fighting Fear". ''Advocate'' (814): 42.</ref> O ne a boela go nna kwa Marondera morago ga dingwaga tse pedi a kgona go boela bana ba gagwe, ba ba neng ba le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro le lesome leborobabobedi ka nako eo, ba monna wa gagwe wa pele a neng a mo letla go ba bone fela fa a sa bue le bone ka go ratana ka bong bo le bongwe ga gagwe.<ref name=":4" /> Bana ba gagwe ba ne ba ba felela ba mo ema nokeng, monna wa gagwe wa pele a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya bogodi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Tiripano o tlhokafetse ka 2001, a le mo dingwageng tsa masome a mararo, ka mathata a a amanang le AIDS.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">Long, Scott; Brown, A. Widney; Cooper, Gail (2003). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=CZhEqsNtNS4C&redir_esc=y ''More Than a Name: State-sponsored Homophobia and Its Consequences in Southern Africa''.] Human Rights Watch.</ref><ref>Falquet, Jules (2009-06-29). [https://journals.openedition.org/gss/705 "Rompre le tabou de l'hétérosexualité, en finir avec la différence des sexes : les apports du lesbianisme comme mouvement social et théorie politique".] ''Genre, sexualité & société'' (in French) (1). doi:[https://journals.openedition.org/gss/705 10.4000/gss.705.] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2104-3736 2104-3736.]</ref><ref>Banerjea, Niharika; Browne, Kath; Ferreira, Eduarda; Olasik, Marta; Podmore, Julie (2019-08-15). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=aouxDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y ''Lesbian Feminism: Essays Opposing Global Heteropatriarchies''.] Zed Books Ltd. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-78699-533-9|<bdi>978-1-78699-533-9</bdi>.]]</ref> == Go lwela ditshwanelo == Ka ngwaga wa 1988, Mangwiro o ne a utlwa lefoko la sekgoa a "Lesbian" mo tsaleng ya gagwe, a ithuta gore go na le bomme ba bagwe ba ba tshwanang le ene ba ba ratanang le bomme jaaka bone.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Welch, Liz (June–July 2000). "Tsitsi Tiripano". ''Ms''.</ref> O ne a simolola go dirisa leina la Tsitsi Tiripano go hema kotsi e e neng e mo lebane jaaka molwela ditshwanelo tsa bomme ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang, "Tsitsi" a raya mautlwelobotlhoko "Tiripano" a raya gore "re gorogile", e le tsela ya go supa gore batho ba ba ratanang ka bong ba teng ebile ba tlhoka go utlwela botlhoko. Ka ngwaga wa 1993, Tiripano o ne a nna mme wa ntlha o montsho go nna leloko la setlhopha sa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong sa GALZ.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6">Tejeda, Armando G. (1998-06-02). [https://elpais.com/diario/1998/06/02/sociedad/896738402_850215.html "Los homosexuales sufren agresiones cotidianas en 150 países, según Amnistía".] ''El País'' (in Spanish). ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1134-6582 1134-6582.] Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> O berekile le lekgotla le o go lwantsha dikgoka kwa Zimbabwe.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /> O thusitse gape go rulaganya GALZ Positive, go ema nokeng maloko a mokgatlho o o a a neng a na le mogare wa HIV.<ref name=":5" /> Fa a tsaya karolo le GALZ kwa moletlong wa dibuka ka 1996, Tiripano o ne a tlhaselwa ke setlhopha sa baithuti, ba ba neng ba tshuba dibuka tsa gagwe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Bobega dikgang jo bo neng jwa kapa tlhaselo e,bo ne jwa re ke ene mme wa ntlha go nna mo pntsheng ka go ratana ka bong bo bo tshwanang kwa Zimbabwe.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>Saiz, I (1998). "The right that dares not speak its name". ''New Internationalist''. No. 298. p. 22.</ref> Fa a boela gae kwa Marondera, o ne a kopantshiwa ke beng gae ba bua mafoko a a kgatlhanong le go ratana ka bong bo bo tshwanang ba mo tshosetsa ka dikgoka.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /> Fa a kopa molaodi wa mo gae go mo thusa, o ne a gana, a re go nna le letlhoo mo barataning ba bong bo bo tshwanang go tlhomilwe semmuso ke tautona [[Robert Mugabe]].<ref name=":2" /> Ene le Akin Birdal, Mehrangiz Kar, le Leopoldo Zessig, Tiripano o ne a lemogiwa fa e le mosireletsi wa ditshwanelo tsa batho wa ngwaga eo ke lekgotla la Amnesty International ka 2000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240824190711/https://edition.cnn.com/2001/LAW/05/30/amnesty.mcveigh/ "Amnesty International condemns McVeigh execution".] ''CNN''. 2001-05-30. Archived from [https://edition.cnn.com/2001/LAW/05/30/amnesty.mcveigh/ the original] on 2024-08-24.</ref> Morago ga go amogela tlotla e, o ne a tsaya karolo mo loetong lwa Bokone kwa America le Yuropa go tsibosa ka seemo sa batho ba Zimbabw ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Metswedi == bxk4n4h8zjkdb4q32r70sfw2d5dh0ec 0 13196 49692 2026-04-30T11:07:10Z JudithShe 9421 I translated Lalao Ravalomanana's article to Setswana for the AWA program 49692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Lalao Ravalomanana|image=Lalao Ravalomanana.jpg|caption=Ravalomanana ka 2017|office=Mmatoropo wa Antananarivo|term_start=Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2015|term_end=Firikgong a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 2020|predecessor=Olga Rasminamanana (a tshwareletse)|successor=[[Naina Andriantsitohaina]]|office1=Mohumagadi wa ga tautona wa Madagascar|term_start1=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2002|term_end1=Mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2009|president1=[[Marc Ravalomanana]]|predecessor1=[[Celine Ratsiraka]]|successor1=[[Mialy Rajoelina]]|birth_date=Motsheganong 1953|birth_name=Lalao Harivelo Rakotonirainy|birth_place=[[Antananarivo]]|party=[[I Love Madagascar]]|spouse=[[Marc Ravalomanana]] (ba nyalane ka 1974)}} '''Neny Lalao Rakotonirainy Ravalomanana''' (o o tshotsweng ka 1953) ke mogwebi le mopolotiki wa kwa [[Madagascar]] o o berekileng e le mohumagadi wa ga tautona ya Madagascar go tswa ka 2002 go tsena 2009, fa monna wa gagwe, [[Marc Ravalomanana]], e ne e le tautona. Ravalomanana o tsholwe ka leina la Lalao Harivelo Rakotonirainy kwa [[Antananarivo]], kwa Madagascar o a neng le fa ka tlase ga puso ya [[France]].<ref>[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/137593/politique/madagascar-lalao-ravalomanana-au-nom-de-marc/ "Madagascar : Lalao Ravalomanana, au nom de Marc]". ''Jeune Afrique''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> O nyetswe ke Marc Ravalomanana ka 1974 kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa Imerikasinina.<ref name=":0">[https://www.madagate.org/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi "Madagascar First ladies : De Justine à Voahangy, en passant par les deux Thérèse".] ''Madagate.com''. 14 February 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171015120738/http://www.madagate.org/reportages/manifestation/3911-madagascar-first-ladies-de-justine-a-voahangy-en-passant-par-les-deux-therese.html Archived] from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Bobedi bo ne bo na le bana ba le bane: Josoa, Tojo, Sarah le Maika.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Moranang 2013, Lalao Ravalomanana o ne a itshupa fa a batla go emela ditlhopho tsa 2013 tsa botautona, ditlhopho tse monna wa gagwe a neng a ileditswe go di emela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130626023129/http://www.lexpressmada.com/lalao-ravalomanana-nee-rakotonirainy-madagascar/44028--moi-presidente-lui-gerera-tiko-.html "LALAO RAVALOMANANA, Née RAKOTONIRAINY – " Moi présidente, lui gèrera Tiko ""]. ''L' express de Madagascar''. Archived from [https://www.lexpress.mg/lalao-ravalomanana-nee-rakotonirainy-madagascar/44028--moi-presidente-lui-gerera-tiko-.html the original] on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924180844/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/25/us-madagascar-election-idUSBRE93O0W420130425 "Wife of Madagascar's ousted president makes leadership bid".] ''Reuters''. 25 April 2013. Archived from [https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/25/us-madagascar-election-idUSBRE93O0W420130425 the original] on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref><ref>Iloniaina, Alain (25 April 2013). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-madagascar-election/wife-of-madagascars-ousted-president-makes-leadership-bid-idUSBRE93O0W420130425 "Wife of Madagascar's ousted president makes leadership bid".] ''Reuters''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Ravalomanana o a neng a sa tswa go bowa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] kwa a neng a tshabetse teng a nna teng le monna wa gagwe, o ne a idiwa go emela ditlhopho ka a ne a sa nna mo Madagascar dikgwedi tse thataro pele ga ditlhopho.<ref>Polgreen, Lydia (18 August 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/19/world/africa/top-presidential-candidates-barred-from-election-in-madagascar.html?_r=0 "Top Presidential Candidates Barred From Election in Madagascar".] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Ravalomanana o ne a ema nokeng ngaka le mopolotiki [[Jean Louis Robinson]] go tswa kwa [[Antananarivo]].<ref>[https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mouvance-ravalomanana-to-support-visionary-presidential-candidate-223599541.html "Mouvance Ravalomanana to Support Visionary Presidential Candidate"]. PR Newswire. 13 September 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Go tswa ka Phatwe 2015 go tsena Firikgong 2020 Lalao Ravalomanana o ne a bereka e le mmatoropo wa Antananarivo. == Metswedi == 6rsvt4il9dz2e8tvbcj08ooganx0el4 0 13197 49693 2026-04-30T11:18:45Z JudithShe 9421 I translated Justin Rakotoniaina's article to Setswana for the AWA program 49693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Justin Rakotoniaina|office=Tonakgolo wa lesome wa [[Madagascar]]|termstart=Phatwe a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa 1976|termend=Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa 1977|president=[[Didier Ratsiraka]]|predecessor=[[Joel Rakotomalala]]|successor=[[Desire Rakotoarijaona]]|birth_date=Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1933|death_date=Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2001|party=AREMA}} '''Justin Rakotoniaina''' (o o tshotsweng ka Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1933 - a tlhokafala ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2001)<ref>[https://www.rulers.org/indexr1.html "Index Ra"]. ''Rulers.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220407021204/https://www.rulers.org/indexr1.html Archived] from the original on 2022-04-07.</ref> e ne e le moemedi wa mafatshe o o berekileng e le mothusa tonakgolo wa [[Madagascar]] go tswa ka 1976 go tsena 1977 morago ga [[Joel Rakotomalala]] a sena go tlhokafala mo kotsing ya sefofane sa tlhoo tomo.<ref>Jessup, John E. (1 January 1998). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=jh3Q5F7BaB8C&q=%22Justin+Rakotoniaina&pg=PA443&redir_esc=y An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996.Greenwood Publishing Group.] ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780313281129|9780313281129]]</bdi>. Retrieved 30 April 2026 – via Google Books.''</ref> E ne e le leloko la lekgotla la go tsalwa sesha ga Madagascar.<ref>Uwechue, Raph (1 January 1991). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=9EAOAQAAMAAJ&q=Justin+Rakotoniaina+1933&redir_esc=y ''Africa Who's who''.] Africa Journal Limited. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780903274173|<bdi>9780903274173</bdi>.]] Retrieved 30 April 2026 – via Google Books.</ref> == Metswedi == iuutadpzp5bf7qg4lznxpakybto6h0t 49694 49693 2026-04-30T11:22:01Z JudithShe 9421 I added a table to the translated article 49694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Justin Rakotoniaina|office=Tonakgolo wa lesome wa [[Madagascar]]|termstart=Phatwe a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa 1976|termend=Phatwe a rogwa ngwaga wa 1977|president=[[Didier Ratsiraka]]|predecessor=[[Joel Rakotomalala]]|successor=[[Desire Rakotoarijaona]]|birth_date=Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1933|death_date=Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2001|party=AREMA}} '''Justin Rakotoniaina''' (o o tshotsweng ka Morule a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1933 - a tlhokafala ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2001)<ref>[https://www.rulers.org/indexr1.html "Index Ra"]. ''Rulers.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220407021204/https://www.rulers.org/indexr1.html Archived] from the original on 2022-04-07.</ref> e ne e le moemedi wa mafatshe o o berekileng e le mothusa tonakgolo wa [[Madagascar]] go tswa ka 1976 go tsena 1977 morago ga [[Joel Rakotomalala]] a sena go tlhokafala mo kotsing ya sefofane sa tlhoo tomo.<ref>Jessup, John E. (1 January 1998). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=jh3Q5F7BaB8C&q=%22Justin+Rakotoniaina&pg=PA443&redir_esc=y An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996.Greenwood Publishing Group.] ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780313281129|9780313281129]]</bdi>. Retrieved 30 April 2026 – via Google Books.''</ref> E ne e le leloko la lekgotla la go tsalwa sesha ga Madagascar.<ref>Uwechue, Raph (1 January 1991). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=9EAOAQAAMAAJ&q=Justin+Rakotoniaina+1933&redir_esc=y ''Africa Who's who''.] Africa Journal Limited. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780903274173|<bdi>9780903274173</bdi>.]] Retrieved 30 April 2026 – via Google Books.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="4" |Di ofisi tsa sepolotiki |- |O ne a tlhatlhama <nowiki>[[Joel Rakotomalala]]</nowiki> |Tonakgolo wa [[Madagascar]] 1976 - 1977 |A tlhatlhamiwa ke Desire Rakotoarijaona | |} == Metswedi == l8qleqouggwu51o5s9flgzm1sov9xzs 0 13198 49695 2026-04-30T11:52:18Z JudithShe 9421 I translated Norbert Ratsirahonana's article for the AWA program 49695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Nobert Lala Ratsirahonana|image=Norbert Ratsirahonana - 1996.jpg|caption=Ratsirahonana ka 1996|office=Motshwarelela tautona wa [[Madagascar]]|office1=Mothusa tonakgolo wa lesome le borataro wa [[Madagascar]]|term_start=Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1996|term_end=Tlhakole a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1997|term_start1=Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 1996|term_end1=Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 1997|primeminister=Ene|predecessor=[[Albert Zafy]]|predecessor1=[[Emmanuel Rakotovahiny]]|successor=[[Didier Ratsiraka]]|successor1=[[Pascal Rakotomavo]]|president1=Albert Zafy (a tshwareletse) Ene Didier Ratsiraka|birth_date=Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 1938|birth_place=[[Antsaranana]] [[Madagascar]]|party=Judged by Your Work Party|spouse=[[Sahondra RakotondravalyRatsirahonana]]}} '''Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana''' (o o tshotsweng ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 1938) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Madagascar]] o o berekileng e le mothusa tonakgolo wa lesome le borataro wa Madagascar le tautona o o tshwareletseng wa Madagascar go tswa ka 1996 go tsena ka 1997. == Botshelo jwa gagwe le tiro == O tsholetswe kwa Antsiranana, kwa kgaolong ya Diana. O tlhamile a bo a etelela pele phathi ya Vita no Ifampitsarana, e e neng e eme kgatlhanong [[Didier Ratsiraka]]. Ene le phathi ya gagwe e ne e le bontlha jwa lekgamu le le tlhophileng [[Albert Zafy]] go nna tautona ka 1993. Ratsirahonana o ne a nna tautona wa kgotla tshekelo e tona. Ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi leborobabobedi ngwaga wa 1996, fa mothusa tonakgolo a ne a thankgolwa ke palamente ka tlhopho ya go tlhoka go mo tshepha, Zafy o ne a thapa Ratsirahonana mo maemong ao. Moragonyana, Zafy o ne a tshwarwa, ka Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1996, Ratsirahonana o ne a nna motshwarelela botautona jwa Madagascar. Ditlhopho tsa botautona di ne tsa tshwarwa ka Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1996, Ratsirahonana a di emela, a nna mo maemong a bone (a setse morago Ratsiraka, Zafy le Herizo Razafimahaleo) ka 10.14% ya tlhopho.<ref>[http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Presidentielles_du_29_decembre_1996.pdf ""Rapport de la Mission d'Observation de l'Élection Présidentielle du 29 décembre 1996 (2è tour)""] (PDF) (86.7 KiB), democratie.francophonie.org (in French).</ref><ref>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/mg.html Elections in Madagascar], African Elections Database.</ref> Ratsirahonanan o ne aema nokeng Zafy mo legatong la bobedi, lo lo neng lo tshwerwe ka Morule a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe, mme Ratsiraka a fenya;<ref>Philip M. Allen, "Madagascar: Impeachment as Parliamentary Coup d'Etat", in ''Checking Executive Power: Presidential Impeachment in Comparative Perspective'' (2003), ed. Jody C. Baumgartner, Naoko Kada, page 91. ISBN 0-275-97927-X</ref> Ratsirahonana o ne a tlogela maemo a botautona fa Ratsiraka a tlhomamisiwa, ka Tlhakole a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1997. Malatsi a le lesome le bobedi morago, o nea latlhegelwa gape ke maemo a mothusa tonakgolo fa Ratsiraka a thapa mongwe wa ba ba mo emeng nokeng. AVI e ne ya nna phathi e tona ya kganetso, le ntswa e ne ya wela tlase, e fenya ka ditilo di le lesome le boraro fela mo go tse di lekgolo le masome a matlhano ka ditlhopho tsa palamente tsa 1998. Ratsirahonana o ne a nna modulasetilo wa komiti kgolo ya bokopano jwa setlhopha sa Panorama ka Lwetse 1997.<ref>"Opposition coalition appoints leaders, reaffirms policy", Malagasy National Radio, 20 September 1997.</ref> Ratsirahonana o ne a ikgogela morago mo ditlhophong tsa botautona tsa Morule 2001 a ema nokeng go ema ga ga [[Marc Ravalomanana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120205204002/http://www.iss.org.za/Pubs/Papers/68/Paper68.PDF Richard Cornwell,] (PDF) on 2012-02-05(178 KiB), ISS Paper 68, April 2003.</ref> O ne a thapiwa go nna moemedi wa ga tautona mo tsamaisong ya ga Ravalomanana. K a 2006, le fa go ntse jalo, Ratsirahonana o ne a ithola marapo mo ofising; ka Phatwe 2006 o ne a itsise fa a emetse ditlhopho tsa botautona tsa Morule 2006.<ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=qw1155388682957B253 "Former Madagascar PM to run for president"], Reuters, August 12, 2006.</ref> Go ya ka maduo a semmuso, o amogetse 4.22% ya ditlhopho a nna mo maemong a botlhano. Maduo a gagwe a a gaisang ke a kwa kgaolong ya Antananarivo kwa a amogetseng 7.14% ya tlhopho.<ref>[http://www.hcc.gov.mg/election-2006/resultat-2006.php 2006 presidential election results] Archived 2012-04-14 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] from the High Constitutional Court (in French).</ref> Mo mekubukubung ya sepolotiki ya 2009, fa sesole se bega gore se tlhoma mogogi wa kganetso [[Andry Rajoelina]] moeteledipele wa lefatshe ka mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2009, Ratsirahonana o ne a le teng e le motsamaisa tiro.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090319153659/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hfV75EHUookBtBk2OlprGZBpDTzgD9702PV01 "Army puts Madagascar opposition leader in charge", Associated Press,] March 17, 2009.</ref> Rajoelina o ne a tlhoma High Authority of the Transition (HAT) go nna yone e e busang, Ratsirahonana o ne a thapiwa go nna mongwe wa maloko a HAT a a masome mane le bone ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa 2009. == Metswedi == sckt9jie1urwn0f23jtriaota4w1437