Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1828 50609 31557 2026-06-13T12:03:52Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moshupa''' ke motse o motona o o kwa kgaolong ya borwa jwa lefatshe la [[Botswana]], o na le palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome a mabedi le lesome le borataro go ya ka palobatho ya ngwaga wa 2011.<ref>Molemoeng, Timothy (2020). [https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/63039123/2011-population-and-housing-census "2011 Botswana Population Housing and Census".] ''Statistics Botswana'' (PDF). Retrieved 28/09/2023.</ref> Batho ba ba agileng kwa Moshupa ba bidiwa Bakgatla-ba-ga Mmanaana, morafe o o fitlhelwa gape kwa motseng wa [[Thamaga]]. Bone le Bakgatla-ba-ga Kgafela ba kwa motseng wa [[Mochudi]], ba gorogile mo kgaolong eo go tswa kwa Transvaal kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ka dingwaga tsa 1800.<ref>Matemba, Yonah Hisbon (2000). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40980265.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A17e1d09a6b5e37b3608fc8d84c685f83&ab_segments=&origin=&initiator=&acceptTC=1 "The BaKgatla ba ga Mmanaana split, 1934-36: The impact of the Biritish sub-Imperial rule in Botswana" (PDF)]. ''[the Botswana society]''. Vol. 32 (2000): pp.44 - 46 &#x2013; via JSTOR</ref> Motse wa Moshupa o itsege ka dithaba tse dipharologanyo ebile di le ditona tse majwe a tsone a itshupang, tse gantsi batho ba di gakgamalelang. Majwe a matona a a tlhatlagane mo le beng gae ba ipotsang gore ke eng a sa we. Go dumelwa gore a wa fela fa kgosi ya motse e tlhokafala, e le sesupo sa botlhodi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230928075333/https://www.botswana-info.com/country/town/985/moshupa "Moshupa".] ''Botswana Info Directory''. Retrieved 28/09/2023.</ref> Kgosi wa motse wa Moshupa ke Kgosi [[Kgabosetso Mosielele]]. Kgosi mo nakong ya gompieno o direla kwa kgotlatshekelong ya bogosi, mme monnawe ebong Kgosi [[Oscar Mosielele]] ke ene a mo tshwareletseng bogosi jwa motse.Jaaka go tlwaelesegile mo Botswana, lefoko Kgosi le dirisiwa e le maemo a a tlang pele ga leina la ga Kgosi. == Lefelo == Go na le dinoka di le tharo tse di raletseng motse wa Moshupa, noka ya [[:en:Mosope_River|Mosope]], Hatshelatladi (Gatsalatladi) le Monaamme le ya Kolwane kwa bokone jwa motse. Noka ya Mosope e itsewe e le kwa go nnang teng noga e e bakang sefako le mokaloba wa mo [[Aferika|Aforika]] o o bidiwang Matizo kgotsa se ja banyana. Banni ba motse ga ba ke ba tlola noka ya Mosope bogolo jang bosigo kwa noka e e kopanang teng le dithaba tsa Phuting kgotsa Kgosing ka ba tshaba noga le sepoko sa kgosi ya bogologolo se se tlhorontshang. Lefelo le le le bidiwang Lefikeng kgotsa Hikeng le na le majwe a a tlhatlaganeng mo lotshitshing lwa noka le mogobe kwa tlase ga lone. Le ntswa beng gae ba seke ba atamela lefelo lo, baeng ba etela lefelo leo, bogolo jang batho basweu ba bajanala le baithaupi ba Peace Corps, se se dira gore beng gae ba dumele gore noga e e fetoga go nna noga e e ditlhogo tse pedi e e gakgamatsang. == Dikago le didirisiwa tsa sechaba == Go na le dikolo tse dipotlana di le thataro, tse di fa gare di le tharo, le se segolwane se le sengwe fela sa Moshupa senior secondary school. Fa godimo ga foo go na le dikolo tsa bana ba bannye di le mmalwa le lefelo la tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba tlhokafaletsweng ke batsadi. Sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro tsa diatla (Moshupa Brigade) se rutela dikgwebo, le dithuto tsa bokwaledi go na le dithuto tsa maitseboa. Motse wa Moshupa o na le diofisi tsa khansele kwa bokone tse di eteletsweng pele ke modulasetilo wa khansele potlana le mokwaledi Mo go tsa botsogo, go na le dikokelo di le tharo tse di nang le baoki ba ba theogelang tsatsi lotlhe le dingaka tse di etang go belegisa le go tlhokomela balwetsi ba nakwana. Kokelwana e e isa balwetsi kwa sepateleng sa [[Kanye]] kgotsa kwa sepateleng sa Thamaga. Go agiwa sepatela kwa Moshupa go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2023 se se solofetsweng go simolola go bereka ka ngwaga wa 2024. Nngwe ya di tlhabologo tse disha kwa Moshupa ke kgolegelo ya bana kwa bophirima. == Baagi == Motse wa Moshupa jaaka e mengwe mo Botswana, o kgaogantswe ka dikgotla. Dikgotla tse ke Kgosing, Nakedi, Phuting, Kgope, Maradung, Thupelo, Mmapholana, Mmaditswere, Nkaikela, Mmamohuhumedi, Rungwana, Modimele, Sau, Jerusalem, Mokakaneng, Mogaung, Maunatlala, Dibotong, Mmaseetsele, Lepapeng, Ntle ga Majwe le dikgotla tse dingwe tse di oketsegang fa motse o ntse o gola. Kgotla nngwe le nngwe e na le kgosana. Motse wa Moshupa ke one wa bofelo o Bakgatla ba Mmanaana ba fudugetseng mo go one morago ga ntwa ya [[:en:Battle_of_Dimawe|Dimawe]]. Lefelo le ka tswa le tlhophetswe go iphitlha ka dithaba kgotsa go nna teng ga metsi a noka ya Mosope. Ka nako ya mathata a a neng a tlhagoga ka nako ya puso ya ga [[Kgosi Bathoen Gaseitsiwe|Kgosi Bathoen II]] wa [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse,]] motse o ne wa kgaogana, Kgosi Gobuamang (I) Mosielele a fudugela kwa Thamaga ka ngwaga wa 1934 ka fa tlase ga puso ya Bakwena. Ka jalo lolwapa lwa bogosi lo ne lo nna kwa Thamaga le magosi a mangwe a Moshupa jaaka Ramputswa Mosielele le Diratsame Gobuamang II ba ba neng ba tswa mo lolwapeng lwa bogosi. == Bodumedi == Go na le palo e ntsi ya bakeresete kwa Moshupa. Ba ba tlwaelesegileng thata ke ba [[:en:United_Congregational_Church_(Bridgeport,_Connecticut)|United Congregational Church]] ya kwa Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Seventh-day_Adventist_Church|Seventh day Adventist Church]], [[:en:Assemblies_of_God|Assemblies of God]], [[:en:Apostolic_Faith_Mission_Church_of_God|Apostolic Faith Mission]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church?wprov=srpw1_0 Roman Catholic,] [[:en:Zion_Christian_Church|Zion Christian Church]] le [[:en:Indian_Pentecostal_Church_of_God|Indian Pentecostal Church of God]]. Nngwe ya dikereke tse dikgologolo ke Mothowagae Church e e simolotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1903.<ref>University of London Institute, 1968</ref> == Tsa ditso == Motse wa Moshupa o nniwa thata ke Bakgatla ba ga Mmanaana, o na gape le merafe e e nweletseng mo motseng fa o ntse o gola. Kwa borwa bontsi jwa batho ke Bangwaketse, kwa bophirima ke [[Kgalagadi people|Bakgalagadi]], kwa Phuting go dumelwa fa baagi ele [[Bangwato]] ke ka jalo kgotla e bidiwang Phuting go tswa mo leineng la phuti e e leng sereto sa Bangwato. Batho ba kwa Mogaung go dumelwa e le Bangwaketse. Go na le palo e e bonagalang ya batho ba lotso lwa Seburu kwa kgotleng ya Maburung ba ditso tsa bone di tswang kwa Aforika Borwa kwa Kapa le kwa [[:en:Netherlands|Netherlands.]] Ba ba itsegeng thata ke ba malwapa a Stegling le Ludick. Gantsi ba bidiwa Maburu le ntswa lefoko le o le nyenyafatsa. Lefoko leo le tswan mo lefokong la 'Boers' la puo ya [[:en:Dutch_language|Dutch]] le le rayang balemi barui ka baagi ba Netherlands ba ne ba tlwaelesegile ka temothuo. Batho bantsho ([[:en:Xhosa_people|Xhosa]], [[:en:Swazi_people|Swati,]] [[:en:Zulu_people|Zulu]]) le [[:en:Sotho-Tswana_peoples|Sotho-Tswana]] ba dirisa lefoko le. Go na le bagwebi go tswa kwa legareng la botlhaba la [[:en:India|India]] ba jaanong e leng [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] le ntswa ba na le batho ba bone. Moshupa le [[Ramotswa]] ke mafelo mangwe a ntlha a batho ba India ba thibeletseng mo go one ka dingwaga tsa 1880. Mogwebi ebile e kile ya nna leloko la Palamente rre Satar Dada o na le losika kwa Moshupa. == Madirelo == Lefelo le le dikologileng motse wa Moshupa ke la temo ya dijalo le mafulo a dikgomo, mafulo a a fudisitswe phetelela,ka jalo ga go sa tlhole go na le mafulo. Go na le palo e e bonagalang ya barui ba dikoko ba ba rekisetsang banni. Kgwebo ya thekiso ya dikoko e na le dipoelo thata mo motseng wa Moshupa. Go na gape le tshimo ya merogo mo mmung o o bokgola o o mo lotshitshing lwa noka. Go jalwa morogo, ditamati le merogo e mengwe. Bontsi jwa merogo e rekiwa go tswa kwa mafelong a sele ka motse wa Moshupa o omeletse mo o ka sekeng wa lemelwa go jesa motse. Motse wa Moshupa ga o na toropo ya marekisetso mme o na le mabentlele a a gasameng le tsela ya konokono,a rekisa dilwana go simolola ka tsa ka ko teng, dijo, didirisiwa tsa kago le dilwana tsa ntlo. Lebentlele le go bakiwa borotho kwa go lone, le rekisetsa barekisi le dikolo tsa motse. Go na le palo ya dikgwebo tsa meriri e e oketsegang ka nako ya moletlo wa botsalo jwa Jeso. Go na le palo e potlana ya ba ba thulang ditshipi le ba ba rekisang ditshipi tse di dirisiwang mo diphupung. Ditirelo tse di tshwanang le go baakanya diphaepe tsa metsi, go aga ka ditena le go gokela motlakase di dirwa ke batho ka bongwe ka bongwe kwa ntle ga tetla epe. Fela jaaka metse e mengwe mo Botswana, tlhabologo e laolwa ke ditlhopha tsa baithaopi le mmasepala e bong komiti ya ditlhabologo (Village Development Committee). Ba itebaganya le mananeo a mabotlana a a sa tlhokeng baiteanape jaaka boroko le go tlhokomela go kgabisa naga. == Polotiki == Go na le diphathi tsa polotiki di ka nna supa tse di le teng kwa Moshupa. Phathi e eleng mo pusong ke ya [[Phathi ya Tomokoraga|Botswana Democratic Party (BDP)]] Mopalamente wa Moshupa ke motlotlegi Karabo Gare le tautona [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Dr. Mokgweetsi Keabetswe Eric Masisi]], o e leng monni wa Moshupa e bile e le ene tautona wa lefatshe. Mo go tsa tatelano ya sepolotiki, Hon. Masisi ke ngwana wa moplamente wa ntlha wa Moshupa morago ga go tsaya boipuso Motlotlegi Mokgweetsi Eric Masisi o ne a na le mogolowe o neng a le mopapalamente wa kgaolo ya botlhopi ya [[Francistown]] West pele ga a tlhokafala ka 2013. O dirile dithuto tse di tseneletseng mo go tsa thuto, itsholelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706163105/http://www.bdp.org.bw/candidates/profiles/mokgweetsi.php?supa=about "Botswana Democratic Party"]. Archived from [https://www.bdp.org.bw/candidates/profiles/mokgweetsi.php?supa=about the original] on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-02-20.</ref> Le fa motse wa Moshupa e le mengwe ya metse e e mentle ka tebego mo lefatsheng,bojanala ga bo a tlwaelesega kwa motseng o o. Go na le lefelo la boroko le dijo tsa mo mosong kwa kgotleng ya Jerusalem. Go na le palo e ntsi ya marekisetso a nnotagi. == Metswedi == [[Category:Botswana]] jf2yxdfb0zstptzjuforvxfgirgsgb9 0 2282 50632 48940 2026-06-13T13:34:42Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50632 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palapye1987.jpg|thumb|Palapye]] [[Setshwantsho:Old Palapye Church (Botswana, 1895).jpg|thumb|Kereke ya Roman Catholic ya ntlha mo Botswana ko Old palalaye.]] '''Palapye''' ke mongwe wa metse mogolo mo [[Botswana]]. E fitlhelwa mo tseleng ya A1, fa gare ga [[Gaborone]] le [[Francistown]]. Lefelo le e leng mo go lone le fetotse go nna toropo dingwaga tse dintsi tse di fitileng, ka e ne ele marakanelo a di terena le ditsela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241109112811/https://www.botswana-info.com/country/town/913/palapye "Palapye Travel Information".] www.botswana-info.com. Retrieved 2020-05-26</ref> Go fitlhelwa fa ke Morupule Colliery, e e tlamelang Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Morupule, motswedi o mogolo wa motlakase wa selegae wa Botswana. Seteišene sa motlakase se dirile porojekete ya katoloso go oketsa bokgoni jwa sone jwa go tlhagisa motlakase ka maiteko a go fitlhelela tlhokego e e oketsegang ya motlakase mo nageng. Kago e simolotse ka 2010. Go simolola ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2021, polante ya Morupule A e ntsha 132 MW ya motlakase, fa Morupule B yone e ntsha 600 MW.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/business/construction-of-600-mw-morupule-b-power-station-begins/news]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1997 Palapye go ne go bolelwa fa e le motse o o golang ka bonako mo Afrika, mme go ne go solofetswe gore o tla oketsa palo ya batho go tswa go 30,000 go ya go 180,000. == Ditso == Morafe wa Bamangwato, ka fa tlase ga ga Kgosi Khama III, go dumelwa thata fa e le one batho ba ntlha go nna gaufi le Palapye wa gompieno. Motsemogolo wa bone e ne e le bonno jwa Phalatswe, jo gape bo bidiwang Palapye wa bogologolo, mme bo ne bo le kwa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa dithaba tsa Tswapong. Palapye e ne e kwalwa kwa tshimologong e le Phalatswe, e e neng e kaya lefelo la di-impala.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241109112811/https://www.botswana-info.com/country/town/913/palapye "Palapye Travel Information".] www.botswana-info.com. Retrieved 2020-05-26.</ref> E ne e le teng go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1902, mme marope a kereke ya yone e e agilweng ka ngwaga wa 1892, a santse a tla bonwa dikilometara di le mmalwa go tswa kwa bogareng jwa toropo ya Palapye. Kgosi Khama o ne a ntsha madi a a ka nnang diponto di le 3 000 go e aga mme a kgatlhegela thata dikgang tsa kereke. Matlo a batho ba Bamangwato kwa tshimologong a ne a kgobokane go dikologa kereke, mme ka go fitlhela tikologo ya yone e le matlapa thata, ba ne ba fuduga dikilometara di le 1.5 (0.93 mi) go tswa kwa Gaborone le go ya kgakala.<ref>Campbell, Alec (2008). "Khama III, Missionaries and Old Palapye Church Building". Botswana Notes and Records. 40. Botswana Society: 172–175. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41236043 41236043].</ref> Leina Palapye ke leina le le thamilweng morago ga gore motse o, o bone matlhotlha pelo mo ditsong tsa one. Motse oo o tlholegile ka leina la Phalatswe gonne lefelo la teng le ne le tshabelelwa ke diphala. Lefa gontse jalo leina Palapye le thamilwe ke dimmishinari (missionaries) ba e leng gore bane ba bona go le thata go bitsa leina Phalatswe. Bangwato totatota bone ba tlholegile ba ikagetse dikago kwa bokone gaufi le dithaba tse e leng gore mo segompienong di setse di thibeletswe ke batswapong kwa bokone mo motseng wa Malaka. Dikago tseo gompieno dibidiwa Old Palapye. Mangwe a mafelo a neng a kgatlhisa batswakwa ka dingwaga tsa 1800 e ne ele : * kereke e kgologolo ya Palapye e e fetang dingwaga tse 120 entse e le teng. * British Cemetry<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.thevoicebw.com/2011/08/12/old-palapye-my-city-of-ruins/ |access-date=2014-10-02 |archive-date=2016-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061137/http://www.thevoicebw.com/2011/08/12/old-palapye-my-city-of-ruins/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Morafe== Go fitlhelwa thata morafe wa Bangwato, Batswapong le merafe e mengwe mo motseng wa Palapye. == Metswedi == Dipholo. K.(2011), Old Palapye, My City Of Ruins, https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061137/http://www.thevoicebw.com/2011/08/12/old-palapye-my-city-of-ruins/ [[Category:Botswana]] 0nk9pblhpx7zps7ol0jh9scl6l53jhj 0 8697 50634 50092 2026-06-13T14:00:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50634 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Phatlalatso ya etsi le leswe mo Aforika Borwa''' di lemogiwa ka diphitlhelelo le dikgwetlho. Phepelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Aforika Borwa e na le diphitlhelelo le dikgwetlho. Morago ga bokhutlo jwa tlhaolele puso e e sa tswang go tlhophiwa ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya lwantshana le tirelo e e neng e gola ka nako eo le dikgoreletsi tsa go fitlhelela metsi le kgeleloleswe. Ka jalo, puso e ne ya dira maitlamo a magolo a go dira gore go nne le maemo a a kwa godimo a tirelo le a a kwa godimo a go tshegetsa dipeeletso go fitlhelela maemo ao. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, naga eno e dirile kgatelopele e e rileng malebana le go tokafatsa go fitlhelela metsi: E fitlheletse gore batho botlhe ba kgone go bona metsi a a botoka mo ditoropong, mme mo mafelong a magae palo ya batho b ba nang le metsi e oketsegile go tswa go 66% go ya go 79% go tloga ka 1990 go fitlha ka 2010. Aforika Borwa gape e na le lefapha lê le nonofileng ya metsi e e nang le rekoto e e tlhomologileng mo go tlhameng dilo tse disha. Le fa go ntse jalo, go nnile le kgatelopele e potlana thata mo go tsa boitekanelo: Go fitlhelela metsi go oketsegile fela go tswa go 71% go ya go 79% mo nakong e e tshwanang. Go sa ntse go na le mathata a magolo a a amanang le go nna le madi a a lekaneng a batlamedi ba ditirelo, a a dirang gore go se ka ga tlhokomelwa tlhokomelo. Go sa tlhomamang ga gore puso e tla kgona go tshegetsa madi a a tlhokegang mo lephateng leno le gone go a tshwenya. Dikarolo tse pedi tse di tlhaolang lekala la metsi la Aforika Borwa ke pholisi ya metsi a motheo a a sa duelelweng le go nna teng ga dikomiti tsa metsi, tse e leng ditheo tse di tlamelang ka metsi ka bontsi tse di tsamaisang diphaepe le go rekisa metsi go tswa mo matamong go ya kwa bommasepaleng. Ka kgwêdi ya Motsheganong 2014 go ne ga itsisiwe gore lephta la Metsi le Kgaso la Durban le gapile Sekgele sa Metsi sa Stockholm Industry "ka ntlha ya tsela ya lone e e fetolang le e e akarêtsang", le e bitsa "nngwe ya ditirelo tse di tlhabologang thata mo lefatsheng".<ref>{{Cite web|title="Most progressive water utility in Africa" wins 2014 Stockholm Industry Water Award|url=http://www.siwi.org/prizes/stockholmindustrywateraward/winners/2014-2/|publisher=Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI)|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714190020/http://www.siwi.org/prizes/stockholmindustrywateraward/winners/2014-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Toropokgolo e golagantse batho ba bangwe ba le didikadike di le 1.3 le metsi a diphaepe mme e neetse batho ba le 700,000 go tsena mo matlwaneng a boithomelo mo dingwageng di le 14. Gape e ne e le mmasepala wa ntlha wa Aforika Borwa go tsenya mêtsi a a sa duêlêlweng a bahumanegi mo tirisong. Mo godimo ga moo, e rotloeditse go phuthiwa ga mêtsi a pula, motlakase o monnye wa metsi le ntlwana ya boithomelo e e omileng e e fokotsang motlhapo. Ka 13 Tlhakolê 2018, lefatshe le ne la bolêla fa e le matlhôtlhapelo a bosetšhaba kwa [[Cape Town]] ka gonne mêtsi a torôpô a ne a bolêlêtswe pele a tla omêlêla pele ga bokhutlo jwa Seêtebosigo. E re ka matamô a yônê a ne a tletse ka diphesente di le 24,9 fela, go ne go na le dikgato tsa go somarela metsi tse di nêng di tlhoka gore moagi mongwe le mongwe a dirise dilitara tse di kwa tlase ga di le 50 ka letsatsi. Dikgaolwana tsôtlhê tsê di robangbongwe tsa naga di ne tsa amiwa ke sê pusô e nêng e se tlhalosa jaaka "bogolo le bokete" jwa komêlêlô ya dingwaga di le tharo. Go ya ka diphopholetso tse di tshegediwang ke UN, Cape Town ke nngwe ya ditorôpô tse dikgolo tse di lesome le bongwe tsa lefatshe tsê di lebêlêtsweng go fêlêlwa ke mêtsi.<ref>"The 11 cities most likely to run out of drinking water – like Cape Town" 11 February 2018. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-42982959.</ref> Ka 2018, Cape Town e ne ya gana kopô ê e tswang kwa Iseraele ya go e thusa go aga di feketiri tsa go ntsha letswai.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saundersonmeyer-drought-commentary/commentary-in-drought-hit-south-africa-the-politics-of-water-idUSKBN1FP226 In drought-hit South Africa, the politics of water], Reuters, January 25, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/cape-town-may-dry-up-because-of-an-aversion-to-israel-1519254816 Cape Town May Dry Up Because of an Aversion to Israel], Wall St. Journal, February 21, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.aish.com/jw/me/The-Cape-Town-Water-Crisis-and-Hating-Israel.html The Cape Town Water Crisis and Hating Israel], aish, February 11, 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/South-African-stupidity-540605 South African stupidity], Jerusalem Post, February 3, 2018</ref> == Metswedi ya metsi le tiriso ya metsi == [[Setshwantsho:Katse_Dam,Lesotho,Africa.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Letamo la Katse kwa Lesotho ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi mo kgaolong e e omeletseng ya Gauteng go dikologa Johannesburg, lefelo la madirelo la Aforika Borwa.]] Go nna teng ga mêtsi mo Aforika Borwa go farologana thata go ya ka sebaka le nako. Le fa Bophirima bo omile ka pula fela ka selemô mme e le kwa tlase ga 100 mm, Botlhaba le Borwa-botlhaba di amogela pula ngwaga otlhe ka palogare ya go fitlha go 1000 mm. Palogotlhe ya metsi a a elelang mo godimo ga lefatshe ka ngwaga e fopholediwa go nna 43 go ya go 48 km3, go ikaegile ka motswedi.<ref name="FAO Aquastat">FAO Auqastat: [http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/south_africa/index.stm South Africa 2005]. Retrieved 24 October 2010</ref><ref name="Earthtrends">World Resources Institute: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120319144736/http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/wat_cou_710.pdf Water Resources and Freshwater Ecosystems – South Africa]. Retrieved 24 October 2010</ref> Bontsi jwa metsi a a êlêlang a latlhêga ka ntlha ya merwalêla, ka jalo metswêdi ya mêtsi a a leng têng a fopholediwa go nna 14 km3/ngwaga fêla. Le fa mêtsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a lekanyêditswe ka ntlha ya maemo a jeoloji, a dirisiwa thata kwa magaêng le kwa mafelông a a ômêlêtseng. Mêtsi a a leng têng a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe a fopholediwa go nna 1 km3/year. Dinoka tsê dikgolo tsa Aforika Borwa di dinnye thata fa di bapisiwa le dinoka tse dikgolo mo lefatsheng: Ka sekai, mêtsi a Noka ya Nile e le nosi a ka nna makgêtlo a le marataro go feta mêtsi a a leng têng go tswa mo dinokêng tsôtlhê tsa Aforia Borwa mmôgô.<ref name="Orange-Senqu River Commission">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130727172756/http://www.orasecom.org/ Orange-Senqu River Commission]. Retrieved 18 June 2011</ref><ref name="Limpopo Watercourse Commission">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110219043758/http://www.limcom.org/ Limpopo Watercourse Commission]. Retrieved 18 June 2011</ref> Dinoka tsê dikgolo ke Noka ya Orange e elêlang kwa Lewatleng la Atlantic, Noka ya Limpopo, Noka wa Incomati, Noka e Maputo, Noka ye Tugela, Noka le Noka ya Olifants (Limpopo), le Noka ye Breede. Dinoka tsa uMkhomazi, Maputo, Thukela le Limpopo tsotlhe di elela kwa Lewatleng la India. Dinoka tsê di botlhokwa thata tsa Aforika Borwa di kgabaganya melelwane: Noka ya Orange e abelana le Botswana, Namibia le Lesotho, "ntlo ya mêtsi" ya Aforika borwa. Mokgatšha wa noka ya Limpopo-Olifants o abelana le Botswana, Zimbabwe le Mozambique, e e kwa tlase ga noka. Dikomiti tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa dinaga tsotlhe tsê di bapileng le dinoka di tlhomilwe go laola metswêdi êno ya mêtsi e e kgabaganyang melelwane.<ref name="Orange-Senqu River Commission"/><ref name="Limpopo Watercourse Commission"/> Metswêdi e e ka nnang teng ya metsi mo isagweng ke go ntshiwa letswai mo metsing a lewatle kgotsa go fetisêdiwa ga mêtsi go tswa kwa Nokêng ya Zambezi. Palogotlhe ya mêtsi a a ntshiwang ngwaga le ngwaga e ne ya fopholediwa go nna 12.5 km3 ka ngwaga wa 2000, mme mo e ka nnang 17% ya onê e nê e dirisêdiwa mêtsi a mmasepala.<ref name="FAO Aquastat"/><ref name="Earthtrends"/> Mo dikarolong tsê di kwa bokône jwa lefatshe, metswêdi ya mêtsi a a kwa godimo le a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe e batlile e tlhabololwa ka botlalô e bile e dirisiwa. Mo dikgaolông tsê di nang le mêtsi a mantsi tsa borwabotlhaba jwa lefatshe go na le didirisiwa tsê di botlhôkwa tsê di sa tlhabololwang le tsê di sa dirisiwêng thata.<ref name="FAO Aquastat" /> Lefelô la [[Gauteng]] lê le dikologilêng Johannesburg, le lê nang le mêtsi a mannyê thata, le amogêla mêtsi go tswa mo matamong a a farologaneng mo lefelông lêo a a jaaka Letamo la Vaal mme le reka metsi go tswa kwa tsamaisong ya Noka ya Orange ka Lesotho Highlands Water Project, segolobogolo go tswa kwa Letamong la Katse.<ref>Rand Water:[https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124346/http://www.randwater.co.za/AboutUs/Pages/Background.aspx Background]. Retrieved 24 October 2010</ref> Cape Town e amogêla mêtsi a yônê a a nowang go tswa mo thulaganyong e kgolo ya dinoka le matamo, go akarêtsa le Letamo la Noka ya Berg. Cape Town e na le ditlamelo tsa go phepafatsa metsi di le 26, tse dingwe tsa tsone tse di sa direng sentle e bile di simologile ka dingwaga tsa bo1950, mme seno se dira gore go nne thata go bona metsi a a phepa le go laola leswe. Cape Town e tla amogela kadimo ya €80 million go tswa go KfW go tla go thusa torôpô go tokafatsa le go atolosa madirelô a a farologaneng a go phepafatsa mêtsi a a leswê a kgaolwana, thuso ya €1.2 million ya katiso le thusô ya €4.5 million ya dikgatô tsa go tshegetsa torôpô. Diphêtogô di tla letlêlêla torôpô go dirisa mêtsi a a dirisitswêng gapê mo temôthuông kgotsa mo madirêlong le go thusa go rarabolola dikomelelo. === Wastewater reuse === Mo Aforika Borwa, selo sê segolo sê se tlhotlhêlêtsang go dirisiwa gape ga mêtsi a a leswê e ke maêmo a komêlêlô. Ka sekai, kwa Beaufort West, kwa Aforika Borwa, go ne ga agiwa lefelô la go busêtsa mêtsi a a les6we ka tlhamalalo (WRP) go tlhagisa mêtsi a a nowang kwa bokhutlong jwa 2010, ka ntlha ya tlhaêlo e e masisi ya metsi (go tlhagisa 2,300 m3 ka letsatsi).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/146252.pdf|title=Risk Assessment for South Africa's first direct wastewater reclamation system for drinking water production|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imesa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Paper-6.pdf|title=Beaufort West Water Reclamation Plant: First Direct (Toilet-to-Tap) Water Reclamation Plant in South Africa|access-date=29 July 2016|archive-date=13 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913233740/http://www.imesa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Paper-6.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsamaiso e e theilweng mo kgôpolông ya dithibêlô di le dintsi mme e akarêtsa ditsamaiso tse di latêlang tsa kalafi: go tlhôtlha motlhaba, UF, RO ya dikgato tsê pedi, le go tsêna ga mêtsi a a bolayang ka lesedi la ultraviolet (UV). Toropo ya George e ne e na le tlhaelo ya metsi mme e ne e dirile tshwetso ya go dirisa leano la IPR (2009/2010), koo metsi a a tswang kwa Outeniqua WWTP a neng a alafiwa ka boleng jo bo kwa godimo thata ka UF le go bolawa ke megare pele ga a busediwa kwa lefelong la konokono la polokelo, Garden Route Dam, koo a kopanngwang le metsi a a sa apewang a a leng teng. Maiteko ano a oketsa metsi a a leng teng ka dimetara di le 10 000 ka letsatsi, mo e ka nnang nngwetharong ya metsi a a nowang. Tsamaiso ya thulaganyo e akaretsa dithulaganyo tse di latelang tsa go phepafatsa: setlhabaphiri, UF, le tshwaetso ya chlorine. Go dirilwe thulaganyo ya gore go tsenngwe kgotlho ya khabone e e dirang (PAC) kwa George WTW, fa go tlhokega jaaka sekgoreletsi se sengwe sa tiro. Sekai se sengwe sa DPR ke setheo sa go dirisa gape se se agilweng le go dirisiwa mo toropong ya Hermanus (Overberg) mo Aforika Borwa, koo jaanong go dirisiwang gape dimetara di le 2.500 ka letsatsi, ka leano la mo isagweng la go oketsa maatla go fitlha go dimetara di ka nna 5.000 ka letsatsi. Ditsela tsa kalafi tse di dirisiwang di akaretsa kalafi ya pele ya UF, RO desalination, mmogo le oxidation ya maemo a a kwa godimo le carbon filtration. Se se tswang mo sejalong se se dirisiwang gape se tsenngwa ka tlhamalalo mo thulaganyong ya metsi a a nowang. == Go bona metsi ke baagi ba SA == [[Setshwantsho:Johhanesburg_Water-Midrand_Tower-002.jpg|thumb|267x267px|Tora ya metsi kwa [[Midrand]], Johannesburg]] Aforika Borwa ke lengwe la mafatshe a le mmalwa mo lefatsheng a a beileng tshwanêlô ya methêô ya mêtsi a a lekaneng mo Molaotheong wa yônê, di bolela gore "Mongwe le mongwe o na le tshwanelo ya go nna le [...] dijo le metsi a a lekanang".<ref>[http://www.info.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/96cons2.htm#27 Constitution of 1996, Chapter 2, Section 27]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go sa ntse go na le go le gontsi go go tshwanetseng go dirwa go diragatsa tshwanelo eo. Morago ga bokhutlo jwa tlhaolele, puso e e neng e sa tswa go tlhophiwa ya Afrika Borwa e ne ya rua ditirelo tse di neng di dira sentle thata malebana le go fitlhelela metsi le go phepafatsa.<ref>BUSARI, Ola and JACKSON, Barry: Reinforcing water and sanitation sector reform in South Africa, Water Policy, 2006, vol. 8, no 4, pp. 303–312.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka 2017, ka ntlha ya go tlhoka tlhokomelo e e bakilweng ke bonweenwee, kabo ya metsi le leswe la leswe e wetse kwa tlase thata.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-03|title=Controlling Corruption to Improve Water Security: Lessons from the South African Water Sector|url=https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2020/06/03/controlling-corruption-lessons-from-southafrican-watersector/|access-date=2021-07-24|website=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-22|title="Better water supply, collection management systems needed to avoid day zero water crisis"|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/better-water-supply-collection-management-systems-needed-to-avoid-day-zero-water-crisis/|access-date=2021-07-24|website=SABC News - Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adam|first=Ferrial|date=2021-04-29|title=MAVERICK CITIZEN OP-ED: Government must urgently deal with South Africa’s deepening water crisis|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-04-29-government-must-urgently-deal-with-south-africas-deepening-water-crisis/|access-date=2021-07-24|website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> Ka 2015, Lefapha la Metsi le Pholiso le ne la re le tla tlhoka dibilione di le R293 go baakanya le go tokafatsa mafaratlhatlha otlhe a metsi le a leswe mo nageng.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-21|title=50 000 litres of sewage flow into SA's rivers every second|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-07-21-south-africas-shit-has-hit-the-fan/|access-date=2021-07-24|website=The Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Le fa go nnile le koketsego mo palong ya matlo a a tlamelwang ka metsi, diperesente tsa matlo a a nang le metsi a diphaepe di fokotsegile fa e sale ka 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-30|title=Water services worse than in 1994|url=https://mg.co.za/environment/2020-01-31-water-services-worse-than-in-1994/|access-date=2022-12-04|website=The Mail & Guardian}}</ref> === Mêtsi === Ka 2015, palogotlhe ya palo ya batho mo Aforika Borwa ba ba nêng ba sa kgônê go bona mêtsi a a "tokafaditsweng" e ne e le dimilione di le 3.64. 93% ya baagi ba ne ba kgona go bona motswedi wa metsi o o tokafaditsweng mo ngwageng oo.<ref name="SAJMPWash">{{Cite web|url=https://washwatch.org/en/countries/south-africa/summary/statistics/|title=WASHwatch.org – South Africa|website=washwatch.org|access-date=2017-03-27|archive-date=2016-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411014944/http://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/south-africa/summary/statistics/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">WHO/UNICEF (2015) [https://web.archive.org/web/20140418142528/http://www.wssinfo.org/documents/ Progress on sanitation and drinking water – 2015 update and MDG assessment], Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation</ref><ref name="SAJMPWash" /> Mo puong ya gagwe ya May 2004 ya State of the Union, Moporesidente Thabo Mbeki o ne a solofetsa gore "malapa otlhe a tla nna le metsi a a phepa mo dingwageng di le tlhano". Le fa go nnile le kgatelopele e kgolo, mokgele ono ga o ise o fitlhelelwe ka botlalo. Mo mafelong mangwe a magae, basadi ba dirisa nngwetharong ya nako ya bone ba ga metsi mo melatswaneng le mo didibeng. Gape ba na le boikarabelo jwa go e dirisa go apaya dijo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go tlhapisa bana. === Kgôpô leswê === Malebana le go tlosa leswe, kgatêlôpele e ntse e le bonya. Palogotlhe ya palo ya batho mo Aforika Borwa ba ba sa kgônêng go fitlhêlêla lesw6e le le "tokafaditswêng" e nê e le didikadike di le lesome le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2015.<ref name="SAJMPWash"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> Selô sê se raya gore ke fela palo ya 66% ya palogotlhe ya baagi ba ba neng ba kgôna go bôna tirêlô ya kgôpô leswê ê e tokafaditswêng mo ngwageng oo.<ref name="SAJMPWash" /> Go ya ka diphopholetso tsa WHO/UNICEF Global Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation e e theilweng mo patlisisong le mo tshedimosetsong ya go balwa ga batho, karolo ya Maforika Borwa a a nang le go tokafadiwa ga go tlosa leswe e oketsegile ka iketlo go tswa go 71% ka 1990 go ya go 75% ka 2000 le 79% ka 2010. Ka 2010, go fopholediwa gore batho ba le dimilione di le 11 ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba sa ntse ba sa kgone go bona leswe le le tokafaditsweng: Ba ne ba dirisa mafelo a a kopanetsweng (dimilione di le 4), matlwana a boithomelo a di-bucket (dimilioni di le 3) kgotsa ba ne ba dira tiro ya go tlhapa (dimiliona di le 4).<ref name="JMP">[[WHO]]/[[UNICEF]]:[[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]]:[https://web.archive.org/web/20140209002836/http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/table/ Data table South Africa], 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2012</ref> Go ya ka Statistics South Africa, phitlhelelo e kwa godimo, ka bontlhanngwe ka gonne e akaretsa didirisiwa tse di kopanetsweng mo tlhalosong ya yone ya leswe. Go ya ka dipalopalo tsa 2011, go fitlhelela leswe go oketsegile go tswa go 83% ka 2001 go ya go 91% ka 2011, go akaretsa le matlwana a boithomelo a a kopanetsweng le a a ikemetseng ka nosi mmogo le matlwana ao a nang le dikhemikale.<ref name="Census 2011">{{Cite web|last=[[Statistics South Africa]]|title=Census 2011: Statistical Release|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P03014/P030142011.pdf|access-date=3 November 2012|page=52–53|date=October 2012}}</ref> Palo ya malapa a a nang le matlwana a boithomelo a a nang da metsi e oketsegile go tswa go 53% ka 2001 go ya go 60% ka 2011. Ditlamorago tsa boitekanelo tsa go tlhaela ga leswe le le phepa di ka nna masisi, jaaka go supilwe ke batho ba le dimilione di le 1.5 ba ba nang le letshololo mo baneng ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano le go runya ga kholera ka ngwaga wa 2001.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/dir_ws/content/lids/PDF/summary.pdf 2001 basic household sanitation White Paper]</ref> Le fa bontsi jwa di-coliforms di sa gobatse boitekanelo jwa batho, go nna teng ga E. coli, e e apesitseng mo e ka nnang 97% ya dibakateria tsa di-coliforme tse di fitlhelwang mo maleng a diphologolo le mo mantleng, go gatelela go nna teng kwa di-pathogen tse di kotsi thata mo tsamaisong ya metsi (DWAF 1996b). == Boleng jwa tirelo == === Boleng jwa metsi le go tswelela ga phatlalatso === Boleng jwa tirêlo bo farologana thata mme tshedimosetso ga e a tlhomama. Ka ngwaga wa 2003, 63% ya bommasepala ba ne ba sa kgônê go bolêla gore a ba ne ba fitlhêlêla boleng jwa metsi a a nowang kgotsa nnyaa. Metsi a 37% a ne a emisiwa bobôtlana ka letsatsi le le lengwe ka 2003.<ref name="Barometer">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120225121737/http://www.dbsa.org/Research/Documents/Infrastructure%20Barometer.pdf Infrastructure Barometer 2006], p. 121–122</ref> Bareki ba ne ba sa tshepe mme gantsi ba sa ntse ba sa tshepa gore boleng jwa metsi a a nowang bo lekane. Ke ka moo Lefapha la Merero ya Metsi le simolotseng ka 2008 leano le le bidiwang "blue drop" le le ikaegileng ka go rotloetsa boleng jwa metsi. Ka fa tlase ga leano, batlamedi ba ditirelo tsa mmasepala ba fiwa setifikeiti sa "blue drop" fa ba fitlhelela ditlhokego dingwe. Tsêno ga di akaretse fela go latela ditekanyetso tsa boleng jwa mêtsi, mme gape le go nna têng ga leano la pabalesego ya metsi, go laola tsamaiso le go ikanyega ga diphelelo tsa sesupisô, gareng ga tsê dingwe.<ref>Talbot Laboratories:[https://web.archive.org/web/20230422164550/https://www.talbot.co.za/?bluedrop Blue drop, green drop]. Retrieved 18 June 2011</ref> Tsamaiso eno e tsewa e le ya boditšhabatšhaba e le e e sa tshwaneng le epe mo go laoleng metsi a a nowang mme e amogetswe sentle ke Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, babogedi ba ba tswang mo lefapheng la poraefete ba re go na le "karolo e e nonofileng" e e dikologileng lenaneo le gore boleng jwa metsi tota bo a senyega mo setšhabeng, "fa puso e leka go nyatsa batlhalosi ba ba tswelelang pele mo ponong ya bone ya gore go na le bothata".<ref>Water Rhapsody:[https://web.archive.org/web/20101124040707/http://www.rainharvest.co.za/2010/11/21/blue-drop-water-quality-scheme-gains-momentum-but-critics-say-more-is-needed ‘Blue Drop’ water quality scheme gains momentum, but critics say more is needed], 21 November 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2011. Quote from Dr Anthony Turton, TouchStone Resources</ref> Ka 2009, ditsamaiso di le 23 tsa metsi di ne tsa bona setifikeiti sa Blue Drop. Ka 2010, di le 9 di ne tsa latlhegelwa ke yone mme di le 24 di ne tsa e bona lekgetlo la ntlha, di tlisa palogotlhe go 38 (kwa tlase ga 5 peresente) mo dithulaganyong di le 787 tse di neng tsa sekasekiwa. Baopedi ba bararo ba maemo a a kwa godimo e ne e le Johannesburg, Cape Town le torotswana ya Bitou.<ref>Polity.org.za:[http://www.polity.org.za/article/blue-drop-report-2010-south-african-drinking-water-quality-management-performance-april-2010-2010-04-29 Blue Drop Report 2010: South African Drinking Water Quality Management Performance (April 2010)]. Retrieved 18 June 2011</ref><ref>Department of Water Affairs:[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/blueDrop.pdf Blue Drop Report 2010], p. 2 and 5 retrieved on 18 June 2011</ref> Metsi a a nosetsang a ntse a gatelelwa thata. Eutrophication ke bothata jo bo ntseng bo oketsega, ka gonne mo e ka nnang nngwetharong ya metsi otlhe a a bolokilweng mo bobolokelong jwa botlhokwa a setse a le gaufi le gore a se ka a tlhola a siamela boikaelelo jwa one fa go sa dirwe maiteko a magolo a go laola metsi. Metsi a a tswang mo meepong, segolobogolo a a tswang mo meepong ya gauta, a fokotsega ka bonako, mme metsi a a nang le asiti e ntsi a simolola go tswa mo meepong e e latlhilweng.<ref>UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. IRIN Humanitarian News and Analysis:[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=76780 South Africa:Paying the Price for Mining], 15 February 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2011.</ref> 55% ya didirisiwa tsa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe, bogolo jang tse dinnye, ga di fitlhelele ditekanyetso tsa leswe mme tse dingwe ga di lebale boleng jwa leswe. Ka go tshwana le tsamaiso ya setifikeiti sa go wela kwa tlase ga botala jwa loapi sa metsi a a nowang, puso e simolotse setifikeiti ya go wela kwa godimo ga botala jo botala jwa botala jwa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe a mmasepala. Go tloga ka Motsheganong 2011, ba le 7 mo go ba le 159 ba ba nang le metsi ba ne ba tlhomamisitswe ka go wela ga botala, le ba le 32 mo go ba ba 1,237 ba ba nang dabalesego ya metsi a a leswe.<ref>Department of Water Affairs:[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/dir_ws/gds/ Green Drop Cerfification]. Retrieved 18 June 2011</ref> Ka 2009, fa didirisiwa di le 449 tsa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe di ne di tlhatlhobiwa, go ya ka tshedimosetso ya semmuso ya puso, 7% e ne e tsewa e le e e laolwang sentle, 38% "e ne e dira ka fa gare ga ditekanyetso tse di amogelesegang" mme 55% e ne e sa dire ka fa gare ka fa gare le ditekanyetso tse tse di amogelesegeng.<ref>Department of Water Affairs:[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Communications/PressReleases/2010/GreenDropstatement.pdf Statement by the Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs, Ms Buyelwa Sonjica, release of the Green Drop Report], 29 April 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2011</ref><ref>Department of Water Affairs:[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/GreenDropReport2009_ver1_web.pdf Green Drop Report 2009]. Retrieved 18 June 2011</ref> == Batho ba ba Amegang == Lefapha la metsi le leswe la setšhaba mo Aforika Borwa le rulagantswe ka ditlhopha tse tharo tse di farologaneng: * Puso ya bosetšhaba, e emetswe ke Lefapha la Metsi le Boitekanelo (DWS), jaaka motlhatlhobi wa melao. * Dibouto tsa Metsi, tse di tlamelang thata metsi a mantsi, mme gape le ditirelo dingwe tsa go rekisa le go tsamaisa difeketiri dingwe tsa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe, mo godimo ga go nna le seabe mo tsamaisong ya metswedi ya metsi; * Bommasepala, ba ba tlamelang ka ditirelo tse dintsi tsa go rekisa mme gape ba na le dingwe tsa didirisiwa tse dintsi. Dibanka, mokgatlho wa porofeshenale wa WISA, Khomišene ya Dipatlisiso tsa Metsi le setšhaba le tsone ke batho ba ba botlhokwa mo lefapheng. [[Setshwantsho:Map_of_South_Africa_with_provinces_shaded_and_districts_numbered_(2011).svg|thumb|450x450px|Mmapa o o bontshang dikgaolo (tse di nang le dinomoro) tsa Aforika Borwa  ]] '''Bommasepala'''. Go ya ka Molaotheo, Molao wa Dikago tsa Mmasepala le Molao wa Ditirelo tsa Metsi wa 1997 maikarabelo a go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa metsi le tsa leswe le mo diatleng tsa balaodi ba ditirelo tsa Medi, tse Molao wa Diterelo tsa Metse o di tlhalosang jaaka bommasepala.<ref name="WSA">Republic of South Africa, Department of Water Affairs:[https://web.archive.org/web/20171031003941/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf Water Services Act of 1997]. Retrieved 27 September 2009.</ref> Go na le bommasepala ba dikgaolo ba le 52 le bommasepaleng ba selegae ba le 231 mo Aforika Borwa (bona Bommasepala ba Aforika Kibbaa).<ref name="eThekwini Municipality">{{Cite web|last=eThekwini Municipality|title=eThekwinie Water and Sanitation: Who we Are?|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/water_sanitation/About_Us/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=8 September 2012|archive-date=7 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807075926/http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/water_sanitation/About_Us/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Hisitori le ditiragalo tsa bosheng == [[Setshwantsho:Joburg_top.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Lefelo le le kwa godimo la Central Business District ya Johannesburg jaaka le bonwa go tswa kwa observatory ya Carlton Centre]] Ka nako ya tlhaolele, puso ya bosetšhaba e ne e se na seabe mo go tlameleng metsi a setšhaba kgotsa ditirelo tsa leswe.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://wp.wpi.edu/capetown/projects/p2009/water-sanitation/history-of-water-and-sanitation-in-south-africa/|title=History of Water and Sanitation in South Africa|date=2009|website=wp.wpi.edu|access-date=2017-05-17}}</ref> Molao wa Tsamaiso ya mêts si (MSA) o ne wa baya maikarabelo a ditirelo tsê metsi mo ôusong ya selêgae. Ka jalo go ne ga nna boikaêaôelo jwa ôoô po nngwe le nngwe go tlamela baagô boêlhe kê metsi a aêphepa le diêiôelo tsa goêphepafatsa. Madi a go tokafatsa tsamaiso yê metsi le ya kgeleloleswe a ne a tla tswa mo pusông ya bosetšhaba ka go dirisa MIG ya Ditšhireletso tma Mêôheo wa Masepala kgotsa Ditshenyegelo tse di Tshwanelang, kgotsa ka go kokoanye lêtôeno lwa leôelê leo. == Bona gape == * Lenaane la kabo ya metsi le leswe la leswe go ya ka naga * Modiri wa go tlosa leswe la boithomelo * Metsi mo Afrika * [[Metsi le leswe la go tlosa leswe mo Afrika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara]] * Kgotlelo ya metsi kwa Afrika Borwa * Western Cape Water Supply System == Ditshupiso == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] r2seb8rt0wc01cvhcwro5opyig06xg1 0 9591 50630 50085 2026-06-13T12:59:33Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Nohlanhla Mthandi|birth_date=19 August 1995|birth_place=[[Kagiso]]|position=[[Midfielder]]|currentclub=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubnumber=21|youthclubs1=Lusaka Ladies|years1=2015|years2=2016|clubs1=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubs2=Alexandra’s Bluebirds|clubs3=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|years3=2019-|goals2=1|medaltemplates={{Medal|Country|{{fba|South Africa}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[COSAFA Women's Championship]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2020 COSAFA Women's Championship|2020 South Africa]]|}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 COSAFA Women's Championship|2022 South Africa]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CAF Women's Champions League]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2021 CAF Women's Champions League|2021 Egypt]]|}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 CAF Women's Champions League|2022 Morocco]]|}} {{MedalGold|[[2023 CAF Women's Champions League|2023 Côte d'Ivoire]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[COSAFA Women's Champions League]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2021 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2021 South Africa]]|}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2022 South Africa]]|}} {{MedalGold|[[2023 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2023 South Africa]]|}}|nationalteam1=[[South Africa women's national soccer team|South Africa]]|nationalyears1=2020-}} '''Nonhlanhla Mthandi''' ( gape e le '''Nhlanhla'''; yo o tshotsweng ka Phatlwe a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 1995) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale wa moAforika Borwa ebile e le modiragatsi wa kgwele ya dinao yo o tshamekang fa gare kwa setlhopheng sa SAFA Woemn's League sa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] le sa setshaba sa bomme sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20231231165436/https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/nonhlanhla-mthandi/933119?epoca_id=151 Nonhlanhla Mthandi :: Sundowns :: Player Profile :: playmakerstats.com]". ''www.playmakerstats.com''. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</ref> == Tiro ya setlhopha == '''<big>Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies</big>''' Ka 2015 Mthandi o ne a ya kwa setlhopheng sa SAFA Women's League sa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies]]. <big>'''Alexandra Bluebirds'''</big> Ka 2016 a tlogela Sundowns Ladies a ya kwa setlhopheng sa Sasol Women's League sa Alexandra Bluebirds gore a kgone go bona nako ya go tshameka. O ne a nosa mo tshamekong ya gagwe ya ntlha mo motshamekong wa kwa ntle ga gae kgatlhanong le Aqua Ladies.<ref>Import, Pongrass (12 September 2016). "'[https://www.citizen.co.za/alex-news/87547/gaddafi-eyes-banyana-at-birds/ Gaddafi' eyes Banyana at Birds]". ''Alex News''. Retrieved 14 March 2024.</ref> '''<big>Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies</big>''' Ka 2021 o ne a le leloko la setlhopha sa Sundowns se se neng sa fenya dikopi tse tharo. O nositse mo makgaolakgang a COSAFA Women's Champions League ya ntlhantlha fa ba fenya Black Rhino Queens go tswa Zimbabwe ka dino tse tharo go lefela.<ref>Times, iDiski (4 September 2021). "[https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/womens-football/sundowns-book-cafwcl-finals-spot/ Sundowns Book CAFWCL Finals Spot]". ''iDiski Times''. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</ref> Phenyo e e ne ya ba bonela phatlha kwa CAF Champions League e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa Cairo, Egypt. Setlhopha se ne sa fenya CAF Women's Champion's League ya ntlhantlha.<ref>"[https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/caf-womens-champions-league-mamelodi-sundowns-beat-ghanaian-side-hasaacas-to-rule-africa/bltf4ee16212cc29ff3 Caf Women's Champions League: Mamelodi Sundowns beat Hasaacas to rule Africa | Goal.com South Africa]". ''www.goal.com''. 20 November 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</ref> Ba ne ba feleletsa boraro ja dikopi ka go sireletsa bosimega ja bone ja Hollywoodbets Super League ka Sedimonthole a le masome mabedi le motso ka 2021.<ref>Voice, Diski (5 December 2021). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20240921020817/https://diskivoice.co.za/sundowns-crowned-champions-of-hollywoodbets-super-league/ Sundowns Crowned Champions OF Hollywoodbets Super League | Diski Voice]". Retrieved 31 December 2023.</ref> Ka 2022 o ne a tlhagelela mo tokomaneng ya setlhopha seo ya ''Banyana ba Style: The First Queens of African Football.'' Setshwantsho se o se keteka loeto la batshameki ba Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies jaaka ba ne ba fitlhelela legato la ditso ba fenya CAF Women's Champions League ya ntlhantlha. Ba ne ba nna mo maemong a bobedi COSAFA Women's Champions League ya 2022 le CAF Women's Champions League ya 2022.<ref>"[https://cosafa.com/green-buffaloes-stun-mamelodi-sundowns-to-win-regional-title/ EN, FR, PR: Green Buffaloes stun Mamelodi Sundowns to win regional title]". 13 August 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</ref><ref>"[https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/as-far-stun-nine-woman-mamelodi-sundowns-to-clinch-2022-caf-women-s-champions-league-title/bltc72e136a7b1c7999 AS FAR stun nine-woman Mamelodi Sundowns to clinch 2022 Caf Women's Champions League title | Goal.com South Africa]". ''www.goal.com''. 13 November 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</ref> Ba ne ba fenya Hollywoodbets Super League ngwaga wa boraro ka tatelano ka Ngwanatsele wa 2022.<ref>Times, iDiski (28 November 2022). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20260425234911/https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/womens-football/final-hollywoodbets-super-league-wrap/ Final Hollywoodbets Super League Wrap]". ''iDiski Times''. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</ref> Ka 2023 ba ne ba fenya dikopi tse tharo ba simolola ka COSAFA Women's Champions League ya 2023 Mthandi a nosa gabedi mo kgaisanong eo. Ba ne ba tsaya bommampodi gape ja Champions League fa ba fenya CAF Women's Champions League ya 2023. Ba feleletsa boraro ka bosimega ja Hollywoodbets Super League ya 2023 ka Sedimonthole.<ref>Pillay, Alicia (31 December 2023). "[https://gsport.co.za/mamelodi-sundowns-ladies-ready-for-more-success-after-2023-triumph/ Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies Ready for More Success after 2023 Triumph]". ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == kzgqruqucm0l0c6trk3gt9iq9m4e5a2 0 10337 50653 48235 2026-06-13T15:48:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = United Republic of Tanzania | common_name = Tanzania | native_name = {{native name|sw|Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania}} | image_flag = Flag of Tanzania.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg | national_motto = "Uhuru na Umoja" | englishmotto = "Freedom and Unity" | national_anthem = "[[Mungu ibariki Afrika]]"<br />"God bless Africa"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/znz.htm |access-date=29 January 2015 |date=2014 |title=Zanzibar |first=David |last=Kendall |work=nationalanthems.info |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004074956/http://www.nationalanthems.info/znz.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:National Anthem of Tanzania by US Navy Band.ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File: Tanzania (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Tanzania AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}} | capital = [[Dodoma]] | coordinates = {{Coord|6|10|S|35|44|E|type:city|display=inline}} | largest_city = [[Dar es Salaam]]<br />{{Coord|06|48|S|39|16|E|region:TZ-02_type:city(6,400,000)|display=inline}} | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Swahili language|Swahili]]|[[English language|English]]{{efn|[[Swahili language|Swahili]] and [[English language|English]] serve as de facto official languages.<ref name=Mugoti>{{cite book |title=Africa (a-z) |author=Godfrey Mugoti |page=152 |publisher= Godfrey books |date=12 June 2009 |isbn=9781435728905 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Plvuddy_4NYC&pg=PA512}}</ref><ref name=expogr>{{cite web|url=https://www.expogr.com/tanzania_country_information.php|title=Tanzania Country Information – All about Tanzania|website=expogr.com|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref>}}}} | languages_type = [[National language]] | languages = | languages2_type = Other languages | languages2 = [[Languages of Tanzania|Over 100 languages]], including (1m+): {{hlist |style=line-break:anywhere|[[Shambala language|Shambala]]|[[Sukuma language|Sukuma]]|[[Nyamwezi language|Nyamwezi]]|[[Chaga languages|Chagga]]|[[Ha language|Ha]]|[[Bena language|Bena]]|[[Gogo language|Gogo]]|[[Haya language|Haya]]|[[Dholuo]]|[[Iraqw language|Iraqw]]|[[Makonde language|Makonde]]|[[Nyaturu language|Nyaturu]]|[[Maasai language|Maasai]]|[[Jita language|Jita]]|[[Pare language|Pare]]}} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All+Countries&restrictions_year=2016|title=Religions in Tanzania &#124; PEW-GRF|website=www.globalreligiousfutures.org|access-date=8 November 2021|archive-date=4 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All+Countries&restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |63.1% [[Christianity in Tanzania|Christianity]] |34.1% [[Islam in Tanzania|Islam]] |1.5% [[Irreligion|no religion]] |1.2% [[Traditional African religions|traditional faiths]] |0.1% others }} | demonym = [[Demographics of Tanzania|Tanzanian]] | government_type = Unitary dominant-party [[Presidential system|presidential republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Tanzania|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice-President of Tanzania|Vice-President]] | leader_name2 = [[Philip Mpango]] | leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Tanzania|Prime Minister]] | leader_name3 = [[Kassim Majaliwa]] | leader_title4 = [[Speaker of the National Assembly of Tanzania|Speaker]] | leader_name4 = [[Tulia Ackson]] | leader_title5 = [[Chief Justice of Tanzania|Chief Justice]] | leader_name5 = [[Ibrahim Hamis Juma]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (Tanzania)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from the [[United Kingdom]]}} | established_event1 = [[Tanganyika (1961–1964)|Tanganyika]] | established_date1 = 9 December 1961 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[People's Republic of Zanzibar|Zanzibar]]}} | established_date2 = 10 December 1963 | established_event3 = Unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar | established_date3 = 26 April 1964 | established_event4 = Current constitution | established_date4 = 25 April 1977 | area_km2 = 947,303 | area_rank = 30th | area_sq_mi = 365,756<ref name="BFF"/> <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 6.4<ref name="BFF"/> | population_estimate = 67,462,121<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Tanzania|access-date=3 June 2024|year=2024}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_census = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 61,741,120<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sensa.nbs.go.tz/ |title=Population Size in Tanzania |publisher=Tanzania Sensa |access-date=14 July 2023 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031164518/https://sensa.nbs.go.tz/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_census_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 23rd | population_density_km2 = 65.2 | population_density_sq_mi = 168.8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 147th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $269.67 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=738,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Tanzania) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = 68th | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $4,130<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 161st | GDP_nominal = {{decrease}} $83.276 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = 82nd | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $1,234<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 166th | Gini = 40.5 | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|title=Gini Index coefficient|publisher=CIA Factbook|access-date=16 July 2021|archive-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630032239/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.532<!--number only, between 0 and 1--> | HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx|title=Human Development Report 2023/24|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=13 March 2024|access-date=22 March 2023|archive-date=19 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319085123/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2023-24_HDR/HDR23-24_Statistical_Annex_HDI_Table.xlsx|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 167th | currency = [[Tanzanian shilling]] | currency_code = TZS | time_zone = [[East Africa Time]] | utc_offset = +3 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | calling_code = [[+255]]{{efn|+007 from Kenya and Uganda}} | cctld = [[.tz]] }} Lefatshe la '''Tanzania''', le leina la lone la semmuso e leng '''United Republic of Tanzania''', ke lefatshe le le kwa botlhaba jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] mo kgaolong ya [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|African Great Lakes]]. Le tlhakanetse molelwane le mafatshe a Uganda kwa bokone-bophirima, [[Kenya]] kwa bokone-botlhaba, lewatle la Indian kwa botlhaba, [[Mozambique]] le [[Malawi]] kwa borwa, [[Zambia]] kwa borwa-bophirima, [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] le [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] kwa bophirima. Go ya ka pego ya palo-batho ya ngwaga wa 2022, lefatshe la Tanzania le na le palo ya batho ya di milone di le masome a marataro le bobedi, se se dira gore e nne lefatshe le le nang le palo e ntsi ya batho mo borwa jwa ekhwaitha. Masaledi a losika lwa ditshwene tsa bogologolo a bonwe mo Tanzania. Ka metlha ya lejwe le ya boronse, phudugo ya pele ga metlha ya rona e ne e akaretsa batho ba ba buang dipuo tsa [[:en:South_Cushitic_languages|Cushitic]] kwa borwa ba ba ka tshwantshangwang le ba lotso lwa [[:en:Iraqw_people|Iraqw]] ba gompieno, ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa ba tswa kwa lefatsheng la [[Ethiopia]].<ref name=":0">Tishkoff, S. A.; Reed, F. A.; Friedlaender, F. R.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, J. B.; Awomoyi, A. A.; Bodo, J. M.; Doumbo, O.; Ibrahim, M.; Juma, A. T.; Kotze, M. J.; Lema, G.; Moore, J. H.; Mortensen, H.; Nyambo, T. B.; Omar, S. A.; Powell, K.; Pretorius, G. S.; Smith, M. W.; Thera, M. A.; Wambebe, C.; Weber, J. L.; Williams, S. M. (2009). "[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2947357/ The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans".] ''Science''. '''324''' (5930): 1035–44. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Sci...324.1035T 2009Sci...324.1035T.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]][https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1172257 :10.1126/science.1172257. ISSN 0036-8075.] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2947357/ 2947357]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19407144/ 19407144.]</ref> Diphudugo tse di diragetse ka nako e batho bantsho ba Mashariki ba ba neng ba tswa kwa bophirima jwa Aforika ba neng ba thibelela kwa nokeng ya [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Victoria]] le [[:en:Tanganyika_(territory)|Tanganyika.]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>Ehret, Christopher (2001). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC&redir_esc=y ''An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400''.] University Press of Virginia. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-2057-3|<bdi>978-0-8139-2057-3</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo nakong ya gompieno lefatshe le le busiwa ke tautona ka molao motheo, toropokgolo ya puso e kwa [[:en:Government_City_(Dodoma)|Dodoma;]]<ref>Mosha, Aloysius C. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream"] (PDF). University of Botswana. Archived from [https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf the original] (PDF) on 12 July 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2025.</ref> [[Da es Salaam]] e e neng e le yone toropokgolo pele e setse ka diofisi tse puso e bile ke yone toropo e tona e di goga ko pele ka thekiso.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ "Tanzania]". ''The World Factbook''. Central Intelligence Agency. 29 September 2021.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html "The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile"]. ''Tanzania.go.tz''. Archived from [https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html the original] on 25 November 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 "Dar es Salaam Port".] Tanzaniaports.com. Archived from [https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 the original] on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2025.</ref>Lefatshe la Tanzania le busiwa ke phathi ya polotiki e le nngwe e e bidiwang [[:en:Chama_Cha_Mapinduzi|Chama Cha Mapinduzi.]]<ref>[https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf "Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments"] (PDF). Retrieved 24 February 2025.</ref> Lefatshe le ga le ise le itemogele dintwa dipe mo gae fa e sale le tsaya boipuso ka jalo le bonwa e le lengwe la mafatshe a a babalesegileng e bile a itshetletse mo go tsa sepolotiki mo kontinenteng ya Aforika.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tic.go.tz/reasons/peace-and-political-stability |title="TIC {{!}} Peace and Political Stability". |access-date=2025-02-24 |archive-date=2025-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715225326/https://www.tic.go.tz/reasons/peace-and-political-stability |url-status=dead }}</ref> Banni ba Tanzania ke ba merafe e ka tshwara lekgolo le masome a mabedi,<ref>[[:en:University_of_Pennsylvania|African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania.]] [https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm "Tanzania – Ethnic Groups"]. ''East Africa Living Encyclopedia''.</ref> ditumelo le diteme tse di farologaneng. Tumelo ya sekeresete ke yone e e nang le palo ya batho ba bantsi, e salwa morago ke tsa [[:en:Muslim|Islam]] le [[:en:Animism|Animist.]]<ref>[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Archived] 4 March 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine,]] [[:en:Pew_Research_Center|Pew Research Center]]</ref> Diteme di ka tshwara lekgolo di buiwa mo lefatsheng le, se se raya gore ke lone lefatshe le le nang le diteme tse dintsi tse di farologaneng mo botlhaba jwa Aforika;<ref name=":1">Ammon, Ulrich; Dittmar, Norbert; Mattheier, Klaus J. (2006). ''Sociolinguistics: [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society]''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false .] Walter de Gruyter. p. 1967. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-11-018418-1|<bdi>978-3-11-018418-1</bdi>.]]</ref> lefatshe le ga le na teme ee leng ya lone, mme e e tlhomamisitsweng semmuso ke ya [[:en:Swahili_language|Swahili]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170802124344/https://tanzania.go.tz/home/pages/68 "Tanzania Profile".] ''Tanzania.go.tz''. Tanzanian Government. Archived from [https://tanzania.go.tz/home/pages/68 the original] on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 24 February.</ref>Puo ya sekgoa e dirisiwa mo thekisong le mafatshe a sele, mo dipuisanong, mo dikgotlatshekelong tse dikgolo le mo dithutong tse dikgolwane,<ref name=":1" /> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ "Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan"]. AFK Insider. 17 February 2015. Archived from [https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ the original] on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2025.</ref>fa se Arabea se buiwa kwa [[Zanzibar.]] Lefatshe la Tanzania le na le dithaba tse dintsi mme ebile le na le dikgwa kwa bokone-botlhaba, kwa thaba ya [[Kilimanjaro]] e e leng yone e tona mo Aforika e leng teng. Dinoka te tharo tse dikgolo bontlha jwa tsone bo mo lefatsheng la Tanzania. kwa bokone le kwa bophirima go na le noka ya Victoria e e leng yone e kgolo mo Aforika, le ya Tanganyika e e leng yone e e boteng thata mo Aforika, e itsege ka ditlhapi tse di kgethegileng. Kwa borwa go na le noka ya [[Malawi]]. Kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa botlhaba go mogote mme ebile go le bongola. Diphororo tsa [[:en:Kalambo_Falls|kalambo]] di kwa molapong wa Kalambo kwa molelwaneng wa Zambia, ke tsone diphororo tsa bobedi mo Aforika tsa metsi a a tshologang a sa kgorelediwe ke sepe.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Lefatshe la Tanzania ke lengwe la mafatshe a bojanala a a etelwang thata.<ref>[https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 "Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination".] 12 January 2016.</ref> == Tlholego == Leina la Tanzania le tlhodilwe e le kgokaganyo ya maina a dikgaolo tse pedi tse di kopantsweng go dira lefatshe, e leng [[Tanganyika]] le [[Zanzibar.]] <ref>Harper, Douglas. "[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Tanzania tanzania]". ''[[:en:Online_Etymology_Dictionary|Online Etymology Dictionary]]''.</ref>Le tsere ditlhaka di le tharo (Tan le Zan) mo maineng a dikgaolo tse le bo le felela ka ditlhaka i le a. Leina la Tanganyika le tswa mo mafokong a seSwahili a a reng "tanga" le raya go tsamaya ka sekepe, le "nyika" a raya naga e e se nang banni, se se aga seele se se reng "go tsamaya ka sekepe mo nageng". Gantsi batho ba le amanya le noka ya Tanganyika.<ref>[http://ww1.frognet.net/ John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html Archived] 10 June 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] website accessed 24 February 2025.</ref> Leina la Zanzibar le tswa mo leineng la batho ba mo gae la "Zanj" le le rayang mmala o montsho le la se Arabea la barr le raya lotshitshi.<ref>Harper, Douglas. "[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Zanzibar zanzibar]". [[:en:Online_Etymology_Dictionary|''Online Etymology Dictionary''.]]</ref> == Ditso == === Tsa bogologolo === Lefatshe la Tanzania ke lengwe la mafatshe a a sa leng a nna le banni bogologolo. Masaledi a diphologolo le batho ba bogologolo a bonwe mo lefatshing le. Mokgatsha wa [[:en:Olduvai_Gorge|Olduvai]] kwa [[:en:Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area|Ngorongoro Conservation Area]] o na le masalela a didirisiwa tse di supang tlhabologo le tiriso ya maranyane. Banni ba pele kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika ke batsumi-bakgobokanyi ba [[:en:Hadza_people|Hadza]] le ba [[:en:Sandawe_people|Sandawe]] mo Tanzania.<ref name=":0" /> == Popego ya lefatshe == Lefatshe la Tanzania le le dikilomithara d ile dikete di ferabongwe, ke lone la bo lesome le boraro ka botona mo Aforika, la masome a mararo le bongwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara, le le fa gare ga [[Egypt]] le [[Nigeria]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html "CIA – The World Factbook – Rank Order – Area"]. Cia.gov. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html the original] on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2025</ref> Le tlhakanetse molelwane le mafatshe a [[Kenya]] le [[Uganda]] kwa bokone, a [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] le [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] kwa bophirima, [[Zambia]], [[Malawi]] le [[Mozambique]] kwa borwa. Leaftshe la Tanzania le kwa botlhaba jwa lotshitshi lwa Aforika, mme le le mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle la Indian. Le akaretsa ditlhaketlhake di akaretsa [[:en:Unguja|Unguja]], [[:en:Pemba_Island|pemba]] le [[:en:Mafia_Island|Mafia.]]<ref>Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. ISBN 1-85743-659-8</ref> === Seemo sa phetogo ya loapi === Lefatshe la Tanzania le na le dinako tsa dipula di le pedi: ya ntlha e le ya dikgwedi tsa Phalane go tsena ka Moranang,<ref name=":2">Zorita, Eduardo; Tilya, Faustine F. (12 February 2002). [https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf "Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing"] (PDF). ''Climate Research''. '''20''': 31–40. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode:]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ClRes..20...31Z 2002ClRes..20...31Z.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/cr/v20/n1/p31-40/ 10.3354/cr020031.] Retrieved 24 February 2025</ref> ya bobedi e le ya Phalane go tsena ka Morule le ya Mopitlo go tsena ka Motsheganong.<ref name=":2" /> Pula ya ntlha e itemogelwa kwa borwa, legare le bophirima jwa lefatshe, fa tsa bobedi di bonwa kwa bokone go tswa kwa nokeng ya Victoria go tsena kwa botlhaba jwa lotshitshi. Lefatshe la Tanzania gangwe le gape le itemogela dipula tsa matlakadilbe tse di nang le ditlamorago tse di maswe jaaka setsuatsue sa Hidaya.<ref>[https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 "Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline".] ''The EastAfrican''. 10 May 2024.</ref> Ditsuatsue tse dikai tsa tone di tswa bogologolong jwa dingwaga tsa 1872. == Metswedi == td0bcgbrjrkuy94u6txamj396bi4kv0 0 10715 50654 48257 2026-06-13T16:23:27Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50654 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:AfricanContinentalFreeTradeArea.svg|thumb|Mmepe wa tumalano ya kgwebo ya mahala ya Aforika]] '''Lefelo ya kgwebo ya mahala la Aforika'''<ref>Loes Witschge (March 20, 2018). [https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2018/3/20/african-continental-free-trade-area-what-you-need-to-know "African Continental Free Trade Area: What you need to know]". [[:en:Al_Jazeera_Media_Network|''Al Jazeera''.]]</ref> ke lefelo la kgwebo ya mahala le le akaretsang bontsi jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref name=":7">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43489255 "African states agree massive trade bloc]". ''BBC News''. March 21, 2018. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref><ref name=":8">"[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-21/africa-set-to-agree-3-trillion-trade-bloc-without-key-economy Africa Set to Agree $3 Trillion Trade Bloc, Without Key Economy]". ''Bloomberg.com''. March 21, 2018. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref><ref>AfricaNews. [https://www.africanews.com/2018/03/21/forty-four-countries-sign-historic-africa-union-free-trade-agreement/ "Forty-four countries sign historic African Union free trade agreement | Africanews"]. ''Africanews''. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref> Le tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa 2018 ke tumalano ya kgwebo ya mahala ya Aforika, e e nang le batsaya karolo ba le masome a mane le boraro, le ba ba beileng monwana ba le lesome le motso, se se dira gore e nne lone lefelo le letona la kgwebo ya mahala ka palo ya mafatshe a e leng maloko, le sala morago World Trade Organisation<ref>Justina Crabtree (March 20, 2018). "[https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/20/africa-leaders-to-form-largest-free-trade-area-since-the-wto.html Africa is on the verge of forming the largest free trade area since the World Trade Organization". ''CNBC''.]</ref> e e leng yone e tona ka palo ya batho le bophara, le akaretsa batho ba le 1.3 billion mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Tumalano e e tlhamileng AfCFTA e ne ya emelwa ke lekgotla la African Union ya bewa monwana ke mafatshe a e leng maloko a le masome a mane le bone jwa mafatshe a a masome a matlhano le botlhano kwa Kigali, Rwanda ka mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ngwaga wa 2018.<ref name=":0">"[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/03/22/forty-four-african-countries-sign-a-free-trade-deal Forty-four African countries sign a free-trade deal]". ''The Economist''. March 22, 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.arabnews.com/node/1270936/business-economy "44 African nations sign pact establishing free trade area"]. ''Arab News''. March 21, 2018. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref> Kakanyetso e ne e tshwanetse go simolola mo malatsing a le masome a mararo morago ga paakanyo ya mafatshe a a beileng monwana a le masome a mabedi le bobedi.<ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le malatsi a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2019,<ref>Abdi Latif Dahir (April 3, 2019). [https://qz.com/africa/1586526/africa-free-trade-deal-gets-gambia-signature-to-go-into-force "Africa's historic free trade deal now has enough countries signed up to go into force"]. ''Quartz Africa''.</ref> lefatshe la Sahrawi Republic le ne la dira paakanyo ya bo masome a mabedi le bobedi, se se baka gore tumalano e twelele ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a a masome mararo; e simolotse go bereka morago ga bokopano ka Phukwi a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2019,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190602063054/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20190429/afcfta-agreement-secures-minimum-threshold-22-ratification-sierra-leone-and "AfCFTA Agreement secures minimum threshold of 22 ratification as Sierra Leone and the Saharawi Republic deposit instruments"]. African Union. April 29, 2019.</ref> mme ya simolola semmuso ka Firikgong a tlhola gangwe, ngwaga wa 2021. Ditherisanyo le tlhamo ya AfCFTA di eteletswe pele ke mokwaledimogolo wa sennelaruri o o kwa Accra, Ghana.<ref name=":1">[https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/african-continental-free-trade-area U.S. International Trade Administration, African Continental Free Trade Area] (3 January 2022).</ref><ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/akufo-addo-commissions-and-hands-over-afcfta-secretariat-to-au-commission/ "Akufo-Addo commissions and hands-over AfCFTA secretariat to AU commission"]. ''Joy online''. August 17, 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> Mo tumalanong e, maloko a AfCFTA a itlamile go emisa makgetho mo dilwaneng le ditirelo tse dintsi mo sebakeng sa dingwaga di le tlhano, some kotsa lesome le boraro go ya ka tlhabologo ya lefatshe kgotsa seemo sa dithoto.<ref name=":1" /> Maikaelelo a akaretsa go dira marekisetso a a moono mongwe; a fokotsa mathata a madi a tshimololo le pereko go dira gore go nne motlhofo go beeletsa; go tlhabolola dikago mo kgaolong; le go diragatsa bokopano jwa kgwebo.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area". |url=https://www.tralac.org/documents/resources/african-union/2162-afcfta-agreement-legally-scrubbed-version-signed-16-may-2018/file.html |access-date=2025-07-02 |archive-date=2023-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520213136/https://www.tralac.org/documents/resources/african-union/2162-afcfta-agreement-legally-scrubbed-version-signed-16-may-2018/file.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> maikaelelo a AfCFTA ke go oketsa tlhabololo ya itsholelo, go fokotsa lehuma, le go dira gore Aforika a phadisane mo itsholelelong ya mafatshe. Ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 2022, a le malatsi a le lesome le boraro, AfCFTA e ne ya tsaya kgato e tona mo maikaelelong a yone ka go tlhama mafaratlhatlha a dituelo a Aforika a le mongwe, a a letlang dituelo mo dikomponeng tse di dirang mo Aforika go dirwa ka madi mangwe le mangwe a Aforika.<ref name=":1" /> Ka Moranang ngwaga wa 2024, lekgotla la African Union le ne la itsese gore AfCFTA e simolotse go diragatsa tumalano. Legato le le le diragatsang tumalano, le supagala ka tse di latelang: * Go tlhomiwa ga melao ya tshimolo, e e tla a laolang diemo tsa ka fa selwana kgotsa tirelo di tlaa rekisiwang ka teng go sa tlhokafale babereki; * Phokotso ya makgethomo dilwaneng ka masome a robabongwe mo lekgolong; * Tiriso ya maranyane e letla maloko go bega mathata a ba a itemogelang a go tlhoka makgetho; * Mafaratlhatlha a dituelo tsa Aforika o mongwe, a letla go tlhomamisa dituelo ebile gore batho ba tshephe mafaratlhatlha ao. * Maranyane a peo leitlho kgwebo ya Aforika, go baakanya tse dikganelang kgwebo go tlaa dirwa ke maloko a AU.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20250206210258/https://au.int/en/articles/operational-phase-african-continental-free-trade-area-launched Operational Phase Of The African Continental Free Trade Area Launched]". ''African Union''. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref> == Ditso == === Motheo === Ka ngwaga wa 1963, lekgotla la bokopano jwa Aforika le ne la tlhamiwa ke mafatshe a Aforika a a neng a ikemetse ka nosi. Lekgotla le la AOU le ne le ikaelela go rotloetsa tirisano mmogo mo mafatsheng a Aforika. Ka ngwaga wa 1980, le ne la tsenya mo tirisong leano la tiro la Lagos. Leano le ne le akanyetsa gore Aforika o tshwanetse go fokotsa go ikaega ka mafatshe a bophirima ka go rotloetsa kgwebo mo Aforika. Sese simologile ka go tlhama makgotla a le mmalwa a bokopano mo dikgaolong tse difarologanneg tsa Aforika, jaaka Bokopano jwa tlhabololo ya borwa jwa Aforika (Southern African Development Coordination Conference). Se se ne sa baka tumalano ya kwa Abuja ka ngwaga wa 1991, e e neng ya tlhama Komiti ya itsholelo ya Aforika (African Economic Community), lekgotla le le neng le rotloetsa tlhamo ya mafelo a kgwebo a mahala, dikopano tsa dituelo, banka ya legare, le bokopano jwa ledi le le lengwe la Aforika.<ref name=":2">[https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/webditc2016d7_en.pdf "African Continental Free Trade Area: Policy and Negotiation Options for Trade in Goods"] (PDF). ''unctad.org''. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230423210920/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20190704/african-union-will-launch-operational-phase-afcfta-summit-niger "African Union will launch operational phase of the AfCFTA at Summit in Niger"]. ''African Union''. July 4, 2019. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2002, OAU e ne ya tlhatlhamiwa ke African Union (AU), e nngwe ya maikaelelo a yone e neng e le go fefosa kamano ya itsholelo mo Aforika.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf "Constitutive Act of the African Union"] (PDF). ''au.int''. African Union. Retrieved July 2, 2025. <q>Article 3c: "accelerate the political and socio-economic integration of the continent;"</q></ref> Maikaelelo a bobedi e le go berekisa mmogo melawana gareng ga makgotla a itsholelo a a teng le a a tla nnang teng mo isagong gore lekgotla le kgone go fitlhelela maikaelelo a lone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf "Constitutive Act of the African Union]" (PDF). ''au.int''. African Union. Retrieved July 2, 2025. <q>Article 3 (l): "coordinate and harmonize the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union;"</q></ref> === Ditherisanyo === Kwa bokopanong jwa ngwaga wa 2012 jwa African Union kwa Addis Ababa, baeteledipele ba ne ba dumalana go tlhama lefelo le lešha la go gweba mahala ka ngwaga wa 2017. Kwa bokpanong jwa ngwaga wa 2015 kwa Johannesburg, bokopabo bo ne jwa dumalana go simolola ditherisanyo. Se se ne sa simolola metseletsele ya ditherisanyo di le lesome tse di diragetseng mo dingwageng di le tharo.<ref>[https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/webditc2016d7_en.pdf "African Continental Free Trade Area: Policy and Negotiation Options for Trade in Goods"] (PDF). ''unctad.org''. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2025.</ref><ref name=":9">Signé, Landry; van der Ven, Colette (May 2019). [https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Keys_to_success_for_AfCFTA.pdf "Keys to success for the AfCFTA negotiations"] (PDF). ''Brookings''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> Therisanyo ya ntlha e ne e tshwerwe ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2016, ga tshwarwa dikopano di ferabobedi go fitlhelela ka bokopano jwa Mopitlo 2018 kwa Kigali. Go tswa ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2017 ditlhopha tsa maranyane di ne ta tshwara dikopano di le nne, kwa mathata a tsa maranyane go neng ag buisanwa ka one a bo a kwala. Ka Mopitlo a ferabobedi go tsena a ferabongwe, bo tona ba tsa kgwebo ba African Union ba ne ba tlhomamisa kakanyetso e.<ref>tralac, trade law centre. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20190507061138/https://www.tralac.org/resources/by-region/cfta.html African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Legal Texts and Policy Documents"]. ''tralac.org''. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref> === Bokopano jwa 2018 kwa Kigali === Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2018, kwa bokopanong jo bo haphegileng jwa bo lesome jwa African Union mabapi le AcFTA, ditumalano tse difarologaneng di le tharo di ne tsa bewa menwana: tumalano ya kgwebo ya mahala ya Aforika, tumalano ya Kigali le Molao wa go tsamaya mo go gololesegileng ga batho. Molao wa go tsamaya mo go gololesegileng ga batho o ikaelela go dira kgaolo e e sa tlhokeng teseletso ya mosepele mo mafatsheng a maloko a AfCFTA, le go ema nokeng go tlhamiwa ga bukana ya mesepele ya Africa Union.<ref>Gwatiwa, Tshepo T.; Sam, Michael Noel (March 14, 2018). [https://theconversation.com/how-the-free-movement-of-people-could-benefit-africa-92057 "How the free movement of people could benefit Africa]". ''The Conversation''. Retrieved 02 July 2025</ref> Kwa bokopanong jwa Kigali ka Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018, mafatshe a le masome a mane le bone a ne a baya monwana AfCFTA, a le masome a mane le bosupa a baya monwana tumalano ya Kigali, fa a le masome a mararo a ne a baya monwana molao wa tsamaya mo go gololesegileng ga batho. Le ntswa go ne go atlegilwe, go ne go na le ba ba saletseng kwa morago, ebong Aforika Borwa le Nigeria, mafatshe a a nang le diitsholelo tse ditona mo Aforika.<ref>Shaban, Abdur Rahman Alfa (March 21, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604203539/https://www.africanews.com/2018/03/21/forty-four-countries-sign-historic-africa-union-free-trade-agreement/ "Forty-four countries sign historic African Union free trade agreement"]. ''AfricaNews''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref><ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230604073152/https://www.tralac.org/resources/our-resources/6730-continental-free-trade-area-cfta.html "African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Legal Texts and Policy Documents"]. ''Tralac''. Tralac Trade Law Centre. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref><ref name=":4">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230520052416/https://www.tralac.org/resources/by-region/african-union-resources.html "African Union Legal Resources and Policy Documents"]. ''Tralac''. Retrieved 2 July 2025</ref> Se se neng se thatafatsa dilo mo ditherisanyong tse e ne e le gore Aforika o setse akgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tsa kgwebo ya mahala di ferabobedi, nngwe le nngwe e na le melao e e farologaneng. Makgotla a a dikgaolo a tla tswelela ka go bereka; tumalano ya kgwebo ya mahala ya Aforika e batla go fokotsan mathata a thekiso kgotsa kgwebo mo Aforika, mme morago e dirisa makgotla a a dikgaolo go simolodisa maikaelelo a Aforika.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":10">Erasmus, Gerhard (March 22, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20191214041329/https://www.tralac.org/discussions/article/12869-how-will-the-afcfta-be-established-and-its-legal-instruments-be-implemented.html "How will the AfCFTA be established and its Legal Instruments be implemented?"]. ''Tralac''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> ==== Melawana e e beilweng monwana kwa bokopanong jwa 2018 jwa Kigali<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240419022613/https://www.tralac.org/documents/resources/african-union/1831-legal-instruments-signed-at-10th-extraordinary-summit-on-afcfta-21-march-2018/file.html "INDICATION OF LEGAL INSTRUMENTS SIGNED AT THE 10TH EXTRAORDINARY SESSION OF THE ASSEMBLY ON THE LAUNCH OF THE AFCFTA"]. ''Tralac''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lefatshe !O beilwe monwana ke !AfCFTA !Molao wa Kigali !Molao wa go tsamaya ka kgololesego |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Algeria.svg|left|30x30px]][[Algeria]] |Tonakgolo Ahmed Ouyahia |ee |ee |nnyaa |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Angola.svg|left|30x30px]][[Angola]] |Tautona Joao Lourenco |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|left|30x30px]][[Central African Republic]] |Tautona Faustin Archange Touadera |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Chad.svg|left|30x30px]][[Chad]] |Tautona Idriss Deby |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Comoros]] |Tautona Azali Assoumani |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Djibouti]] |Tautona Ismail Omar Guelleh |ee |ee |nnyaa |- |[[Equatorial Guinea]] |Tonakgolo Francisco Pascual Obama Asue |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Eswatini]] |Tonakgolo Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini |ee |ee |nnyaa |- |[[Gabon]] |Tautona Ali Bongo Ondimba |ee |ee |ee |- |[[The Gambia|Gambia]] |Tautona Adama Barrow |ee |ee |ee |- |Ghana |Tautona Nana Akofu-Addo |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Ivory Coast]] |Mothusa tautona Daniel Kablan Duncan |ee |nnyaa |nnyaa |- |[[Kenya]] |Tautona Uhuru Kenyatta |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Lesotho]] |Tonakgolo Tom Thabane |nnyaa |ee |ee |- |[[Mauritania]] |Tautona Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Morocco]] |Tonakgolo Saadeddine Othmani |ee |nnyaa |nnyaa |- |[[Mozambique]] |Tautona Filipe Nyusi |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Nigeria|Niger]] |Tautona Mahamadou Issoufou |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Republic of the Congo]] |Tautona Denis Sassou Nguesso |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Rwanda]] |Tautona Paul Kagame |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Sahrwari Republic]] |Tautona Brahim Ghali |ee |ee |nnyaa |- |[[Senegal]] |Tautona Macky Sall |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Seychelles]] |Mothusa tautona Vincent Meriton |ee |ee |nnyaa |- |[[Aforika Borwa|South Africa]] |Tautona Cyril Ramaphosa |nnyaa |ee |nnyaa |- |[[Sudan]] |Tonakgolo Abdalla Hamdok |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Tanzania]] |Tonakgolo Kassim Majaliwa |nnyaa |ee |nnyaa |- |[[Uganda]] |Tautona Yoweri Museveni<ref>^{[https://www.tralac.orgtralac.org/news/article/13750-uganda-deposits-its-instrument-of-ratification-of-the-agreement-on-the-afcfta.html TRALAC (November 28, 2018). "Uganda Deposits Its Instrument of Ratification of The Agreement On The AfCFTA"]. Addis Ababa:[''permanent dead link'']}</ref> |ee |ee |ee |- |[[Zimbabwe]] |Tautona Emmerson Mnangagwa |ee |ee |nnyaa |} === Go kwalwa ga melao e mengwe === Ditherisanyo di ne tsa stwelela ka ngwaga wa 2018 ka legato la bobedi, di akaretsa melawana ya tsa peeletso, phadisanyo le ditshwanelo tsa dithoto.<ref name=":5">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190403214541/https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/33984-doc-qa_cfta_en_rev15march.pdf "African Continental Free Trade Area - Questions & Answers" (PDF). ''au.int''. African Union]. March 15, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> Ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 2020, ditherisanyo tsa AU Assembly di tla konetelwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180629105428/https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/34055-ext_assembly_dec_1x_e26_march.pdf "Decision on the draft agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)"] (PDF). ''au.int''. African Union. March 21, 2018.</ref> Mokwalo wa ntlha o solofetswe kwa bokopanong jwa AU jwa Firikgong 2020.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180629105428/https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/34055-ext_assembly_dec_1x_e26_march.pdf "Decision on the draft agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)"] (PDF). ''au.int''. African Union. March 21, 2018.</ref> === Ditsholofelo === Ka ngwaga wa 2018, komiti ya itsholelo ya Aforika e ne ya akanyetsa gore AcFCTA e tla oketsa kgwebo ya gare ga Aforika ka masome a matlhano le bobedi mo lekgolong ka ngwaga wa 2022.<ref>Witschge, Loes (March 20, 2018). "[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2018/3/20/african-continental-free-trade-area-what-you-need-to-know African Continental Free Trade Area: What you need to know"]. Al-Jazeera.</ref> Pego ya ngwaga wa 2020 ya banka ya mafatshe e ne ya solofela fa AfCFTA e ka ntsha batho ba Aforika ba le didikadike di le masome a mararo mo lehumeng la nta ya tlhogo, ya oketsa dikamogelo ya batho ba le didikadike di le masome a supa, le go nna le dipoelo tsa dibilione di le makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 2035.<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/trade/publication/the-african-continental-free-trade-area "The African Continental Free Trade Area]". ''World Bank''. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref> == Metheo == Metheo e e latelang e ne e tlhametswe go kgona go tlhama lefelo la kgwebo ya mahala. Morago ga ditherisanyo tsa legato la bobedi, dikomiti tse dingwe di ka tlhamiwa ka melao.<ref>Erasmus, Gerhard (March 22, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20191214041329/https://www.tralac.org/discussions/article/12869-how-will-the-afcfta-be-established-and-its-legal-instruments-be-implemented.html "How will the AfCFTA be established and its Legal Instruments be implemented?"]. ''tralac Discussion''. trade law centre. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> Mokwaledi wa AfCFTA o lebagane le go lomaganya go tlhamiwa ga tumalano, ebile ke mokgatlho mo AU. Le ntswa e na le ba molao ba ba ikemetseng, e bereka thata le komiti ya AU ebile e amogela madi go tswa kwa AU. Khansele ya botona ba tsa kgwebo e ne e tshwanetse go tsaya tshwetso ya lefelo la ofisikgolo, ka fa e tla dirwang ka teng, ditiro le maikarabelo.<ref name=":5" /> Bokopano jwa botautona ba mafatshe a e leng maloko a AU ke bone bo tsayang ditshwetso. E ka nna ya kopana ka dikopano tsa AU.<ref name=":6">Chidede, Talkmore (March 15, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190531234057/https://www.tralac.org/discussions/article/12838-the-legal-and-institutional-architecture-of-the-agreement-establishing-the-african-continental-free-trade-area.html "The legal and institutional architecture of the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area"]. ''tralac Discussion''. trade law centre. Retrieved 02 July 2025.</ref> Khansele ya botona ba kgwebo e baya melao ebo e netefatsa gore tlhamo le kgonagalo ya tumalano ya AfCFTA e a diragadiwa.<ref name=":6" /> Dikomiti di le mmalwa di tlhamilwe: ka kgwebo ya dithoto, kgwebo ya ditirelo, melao ya tlholego, tshiamiso ya kgwebo, mathata a makgetho; mathata a tsa maranyane le dikgato tsa bophepa.<ref name=":6" /> Ditsela tsa go baakanya dintwa di santse di buisanwa, mme di tla akaretsa lekgotla la tharabololo ya dikgotlang.<ref name=":5" /> Komiti ya botona ba kgwebo e diragatsa ditshwetso tsa khansele. Komiti e e e itebaganste le tlhabololo ya mananeo le maano a go dira tumalano e ya AfCFTA.<ref name=":6" /> == Tiragatso == AfCFTA e tla diragadiwa ka magato, mangwe a magato a a santse go buisanwa ka one.<ref>Erasmus, Gerhard (March 22, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20191214041329/https://www.tralac.org/discussions/article/12869-how-will-the-afcfta-be-established-and-its-legal-instruments-be-implemented.html "How will the AfCFTA be established and its Legal Instruments be implemented?".] ''Tralac''. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> Legato lantlha le akaretsa kgwebo ya dithoto le ya ditirelo. Legato la bobedi le akaretsa ditshwanelo tsa dithoto tsa tlhaloganyo, peeletso le go phadisana. Legato la boraro le akaretsa kgwebo ya mo maranyaneng. Kwa bokopanong jwa Kigali jwa ngwaga wa 2018, ditumalano di nnile mo melaong ya thekiso, ditsela tsa go rarabolola ditlhoka kutlwisisano, tirisanommogo ya thekiso, ka fa kgwebo e tla dirwang ka teng le melao ya tlholego ya dithoto. Go ne ga nna le tumalano ya go fokotsa makgetho ka masome a robabongwe mo lekgolong ga dithoto tsotlhe. Lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le letl elelwa go ntsha boraro mo lekgolong la dithoto tsa lone mo tumalanong e.<ref name=":9" /> Se e ne e le legato la ntlha la tumalano, le le akaretsang go gololwa ga dithoto le ditirelo. Mathata mangwe a legato lantlha a a santseng go buisanwa ka one a karetsa nako ya makgetho le tse dingwe.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Bokopano jo bo haphegileng jwa bo lesome le bobedi jwa African Union mabapi le AfCFTA, bo ne jwa simolola tumalano e, kwa Niamey ka Phukwi a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2019.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190602063054/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20190429/afcfta-agreement-secures-minimum-threshold-22-ratification-sierra-leone-and "AfCFTA Agreement secures minimum threshold of 22 ratification as Sierra Leone and the Saharawi Republic deposit instruments".] ''African Union''. April 29, 2019. Retrieved 02 July 2025</ref><ref name=":11">Meldrum, Andrew (July 7, 2019). [https://apnews.com/article/e5ab779ada5e40c2a2ae782f844e519a "African leaders to launch continent-wide free trade zone".] ''AP News''. Associated Press. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> Kwa tshimololong go ne ga simololwa melao e le metlhano e e tlaa etelelang pele: molao wa tlhamo, bokopano jwa therisanyo jwa maranyane, go lebelela le go emisa mathata a tsa makgetho, mafaratlhatlha a tsa dituelo, le lekalana le le okametseng kgwebo mo Aforika.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230609151728/https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20190707/operational-phase-african-continental-free-trade-area-launched-niger-summit "Operational phase of the African Continental Free Trade Area is launched at Niger Summit of the African Union"]. ''African Union''. July 7, 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> Legato la bobedi le la boraro a solofetswe go simololwa ke mafatshe a e leng maloko a AU. Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2020, bokopano jwa baeteledipele kgotsa botautona ba mafatshe jwa AU bo ne jwa tsaya tshwetso ya gore legato la boraro le tla simolola morago ga ditherisanyo tsa legato la bobedi, tse di neng di solofetswe go fela ka Morule ngwaga wa 2020.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Le fa go ntse jalo, sebaka se se ne sa diega ka ntlha ya segajaja sa COVID-19 mo Aforika, mme letsatsi le lesha la morule a le malatsi a mararo le motso ngwaga wa 2021 le ne la bewa gore go fediwe legato la bobedi le laboraro. AfCFTA e simolotse semmuso ka Firikgong a rogwa ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/1/1/after-months-of-covid-delays-african-free-trade-bloc-launches "After months of COVID delays, African free trade bloc launches".] ''aljazeera.com''. Al Jazeera English. January 1, 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2025</ref> == Boloko == Mo mafatsheng a e leng maloko a AU a a masome a matlhano le botlhano, a le masome a mane le bone a beile monwana tumalano ya kgwebo ya mahala, a le masome a mane le bosupa a beile monwana molao wa Kigali fa a le masome a mararo a beile monwana molao wa go tsamaya mo go gololesegileng kwa phelelong ya bokopano jwa Kigali jwa ngwaga wa 2018. Mafatshe a [[Benin]], [[Botswana]], Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, [[Nigeria]] le [[Zambia]] ke mangwe a mafatshe a a lesome le motso a a neng a sa baya monwana pele.<ref>Uwiringiyimana, Clement (March 21, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-trade/nigeria-keen-to-ensure-africa-trade-bloc-good-for-itself-president-idUSKBN1GX29V/ "Nigeria keen to ensure Africa trade bloc good for itself: president"]. Reuters.</ref> Morago ga bokopano jwa Kigali jwa 2018, menwana e mengwe e ne ya tsewa, Kwa bokopanong jwa bo masome a mararo le motso kwa African Union kwa Nouakchott ka Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa 2018, lefatshe la [[Aforika Borwa]] (le e leng la bobedi ka itsholelo mo Aforika), [[Sierra Leone]], [[Namibia]], [[Lesotho]] le [[Burundi]] a ne a tsenelela tumalano.<ref>"More countries sign the African free trade area agreement". ''The East African''. Retrieved 03 July 2025.</ref> Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2019, Guinea Bissau, Zambia le Botswana le one a ne a tsenelela. [[Kenya]] le Ghana ke mafatshe a ntlha go dumalana le tumalano e, ba tlhomamisa tumalano ya bone ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a le lesome ngwaga wa 2018.<ref name=":8" /> Mo menwaneng e, e le masome a mabedi le bobedi e ne e tlhoka go tlhomamisa tumalano pele ga e ka diragadiwa, se se ne sa diragala ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2019, fa Sierra Leone le Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic a ne a tlhomamisa tumalano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190507061138/https://www.tralac.org/resources/by-region/cfta.html "African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Legal Texts and Policy Documents"]. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> Ka ntlha ya se, tumalano e ne ya simolola malatsi a la masome a mararo morago ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a a masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2019. Tautona wa lefatshe la Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari o ne a le maoto a tshupa go tsenelela AfCFTA a tshaba gore e tla utlusa lefatshe la Nigeria botlhoko mo go tsa kgwebo le mehama ya mo gae,<ref>Giles, Chris (March 22, 2018). [https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/22/africa/african-trade-agreement-world/index.html "44 African countries agree free trade agreement, Nigeria yet to sign"]. CNN.</ref> tshwetso ya gagwe ya go sa tsenelele e ne ya galalediwa ke ditlhopha dingwe mo gae di akaretsa lekgotla la batlhami la Nigeria<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250703072308/https://www.africanews.com/2018/03/23/nigeria-s-buhari-explains-failure-to-sign-continental-free-trade-agreement// "Nigeria's Buhari explains failure to sign continental free trade agreement".] Retrieved 03 July 2025</ref> le bokopano jwa pereko kwa Nigeria. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190624221812/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/strategy/strategy-why-nigeria-south-africa-did-not-join-other-nations-to-sign-continental-free/1sfvms6 "Why Nigeria, South Africa did not join other Nations to sign Continental Free Trade agreement"]. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref>Puso ya lefatshe la Nigeria e ne e ikaelela go botsolosa mo go tseneletseng le dikgwebo tsa mo gae go netefatsa gore ba dikgwebo tse diikemetseng ba dumalana le tumalano e,<ref>[https://theconversation.com/why-nigeria-had-good-reasons-to-delay-signing-africas-free-trade-deal-100203 "Why Nigeria had good reasons to delay signing Africa's free trade deal]". Retrieved 03 July 2025.</ref> ka tshwenyego e tona e ne e le gore a tumalano e e tla hemela ditirelo tsa go phadisana di tshwana le go turusa dithoto.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201811080199.html "Nigeria: Why We Are Worried Over African Free Trade Agreement - Dangote, MAN, LCCI"]. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa 2019, dikgwedi fela morago ga go tlhophiwa gape, Buhari o ne a dumalana go tsenelela tumalano kwa bokopanong jwa UN jwa bo lesome le bobedi mabapi le AfCFTA.<ref>Kazeem, Yomi (July 3, 2019). [https://qz.com/africa/1657861/nigeria-to-sign-africa-free-trade-agreement-afcfta "Africa's largest economy is finally backing the continent's plans for a single free trade market"]. ''Quartz Africa''.</ref> Kwa bokopanong joo, lefatshe la Benin le lone le ne la itlama go baya monwana tumalano, le tlogela la Eritrea e le lone fela la mafatshe a maloko a AU a a masome a matlhano le botlhano a a sa bayang monwana.<ref>AfricaNews (July 6, 2019). [https://www.africanews.com/2019/07/06/eritrea-now-sole-outsiders-of-free-trade-deal-as-nigeria-benin-sign-up/ "Eritrea now sole outsiders of free trade deal as Nigeria, Benin sign up"]. ''Africanews''. Retrieved 3 July 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250703072308/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/nigeria-finally-commits-to-signing-the-africa-free-trade-agreement/ "Nigeria finally commits to signing the Africa free trade agreement"]. ''The South African''. July 3, 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2025</ref> <ref name=":11" />Lefatshe la Eritrea le ne la seka la nna bontlha jwa tumalano ya ntlha ka ntlha ya ntwa e e neng e tsweletse, mme tumalano ya kagiso ya ngwaga wa 2018 gareng ga mafatshe a Ethiopia le Eritrea e ne ya fedisa kgotlhang ya bo ya emisa se se neng se kganela Eritrea go tsaya karolo mo tumalanong ya kgwebo ya mahala.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":12">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48899701 "Nigeria signs African free trade area agreement"]. BBC. July 7, 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2025</ref><ref>Jones, Mayeni (July 7, 2019). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48899701 "Nigeria signs African free trade area agreement".] ''BBC News''. BBC. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref><ref>Ighobor, Kingsley (August–November 2018). [https://africarenewal.un.org/en "Africa set for a massive free trade area".] ''Africa Renewal''. United Nations. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240714192856/https://www.tralac.org/resources/infographics/13795-status-of-afcfta-ratification.html "Status of AfCFTA Ratification"]. ''Tralac''. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> Ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2024, go na le mafatshe a maloko a le masome a matlhano le bone a a beileng monwana, a le masome a mane le borobabobedi a tlhomamisitse.<ref>Ndlovu, Sitshengisiwe (July 23, 2020). [https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/afcfta-establishment-pushed-to-2021-by-covid-19/ "AfCFTA establishment pushed to 2021 by Covid-19".] ''The Herald''. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220715192327/https://au.int/en/speeches/20200319/statement-he-mr-wamkele-mene-occasion-swearing-secretary-general-afcfta "Statement of H.E. Mr. Wamkele Mene on the Occasion of Swearing-in as the Secretary General of the AfCFTA Secretariat".] African Union. March 19, 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230603150556/https://www.tralac.org/resources/infographic/13795-status-of-afcfta-ratification.html "AfCFTA: Towards the African Continental Free Trade Area".] ''Tralac''. May 6, 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2025</ref> Fa godimo ga foo, lefatshe le le lengwe ([[Somalia]]) le feditse tlhomamiso ya lone ya mo gae, mme le ne le ise le tlhomamise ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2020.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230603150556/https://www.tralac.org/resources/infographic/13795-status-of-afcfta-ratification.html "AfCFTA: Towards the African Continental Free Trade Area"]. ''Tralac''. May 6, 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref><ref>[http://www.news.cn/ "Somalia approves Africa free trade area treaty for ratification - Xinhua | English.news.cn"]. ''www.xinhuanet.com''.</ref> Eritrea ke lone fela lefatshe le e lelng leloko la AU le le iseng le beye monwana ka ngwaga wa 2019.<ref name=":12" /> === Lenaane la ba ba beileng menwana le batsaya karolo mo tumalanong === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lefatshe !a le beile monwana !letsatsi la go baya monwana !a le tlhomamisitse !letsatsi la tlhomamiso !A le beeleditse !letsatsi la peeletso |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Algeria.svg|left|30x30px]][[Algeria]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2021 |ee |Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le boraro, ngwaga wa 2021<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231008162033/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-06/25/c_1310026264.htm "UNECA announces initiative to spur role of AfCFTA in Africa's post-COVID-19 economic recovery".] June 25, 2021.</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Angola.svg|left|30x30px]][[Angola]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phalane a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2020 |ee |Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mane, ngwaga wa 2020<ref>Abdulrahman Olagunju (November 4, 2020)[https://www.africannewspage.net/2020/11/angola-becomes-30th-state-party-to-the-afcfta-by-depositing-instruments-of-ratification/ . "Angola becomes 30th state party to the AfCFTA by depositing instruments of ratification".]</ref> |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Benin.svg|left|30x30px]][[Benin]] |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2019 |nnyaa | |nnyaa | |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Botswana.svg|left|30x30px]][[Botswana]] |ee |Tlhakole a le lesome ngwaga wa 2019 |ee | |ee |Tlhakole a le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa 2023 |- |[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|left|30x30px]][[Burkina Faso]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Motsheganong a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Motsheganong a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://northafricapost.com/31338-africas-free-trade-zone-kicks-off.html "Africa's Free Trade Zone Kicks-Off".] Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Burundi]] |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2021 |ee |Phatwe a le masome a mabedi le borataro, ngwaga wa 2021 |- |[[Cameroon]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firikgong a le masome a mararo le motso ngwaga wa 2020 |ee |Morule a rogwa, ngwaga wa 2020 |- |[[Central African Republic]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Moranang a robabongwe, ngwaga wa 2020 |ee |Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2020 |- |[[Cape Verde]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa 2020 |ee |Tlhakole a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2022 |- |[[Chad]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2018<ref name=":13">[https://web.archive.org/web/20250715025448/https://en.igihe.com/news/five-more-countries-sign-two-ratify-afcfta-at-au.html "Five more countries sign, two ratify AfCFTA at AU Summit".] July 3, 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Ivory Coast]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Ngwanatsele a le masome a mabedi le boraro, ngwaga wa 2018 |- |[[Comoros]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee | |ee |Tlhakole a le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa 2023 |- |[[Republic of the Congo]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Tlhakole a le malatsi a supa, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Tlhakole a le lesome ngwaga wa 2019 |- |[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firikgong a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 2022 |ee |Tlhakole a le masome a mabedi le boraro, ngwaga wa 2022 |- |[[Djibouti]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Tlhakole a le malatsi a matlhano, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Tlhakole a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 2019 |- |[[Egypt]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Tlhakole a le malatsi a a masome a mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Moranang a robaboedi ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/3/68092/Egypt-is-18th-AfCFTA-ratification-instrument-depositor "Egypt is 18th AfCFTA ratification instrument depositor".] April 8, 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Equatorial Guinea]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a a masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190707143303/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/07/c_138206491.htm "Gabon, Equatorial Guinea submit AfCFTA ratification to AU".] Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2025</ref> |- |Eritrea |nnyaa | |nnyaa | |nnyaa | |- |[[Eswatini]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a a masome a mabedi le motso, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2018<ref name=":13" /> |- |[[Ethiopia]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Mopitlo a le masome amabedi le boraro, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Moranang a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240702135651/https://au.int/ar/node/36361 "Ethiopia deposits instruments of ratification of AfCFTA"]. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Gabon]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a supa, ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190707143303/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/07/c_138206491.htm "Gabon, Equatorial Guinea submit AfCFTA ratification to AU".] Archived from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Gambia]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Moranang a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Moranang a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 2019 |- |Ghana |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Motsheganong a le malatsi a supa, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa 2018<ref name=":14">[https://web.archive.org/web/20231008162812/https://www.tralac.org/news/article/13033-kenya-and-ghana-ratify-instruments-of-african-continental-free-trade-area.html "Kenya and Ghana deposit instruments of African Continental Free Trade Area ratification"]. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Guinea]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phukwi a le masome a mararo le motso, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phalane a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 2018 |- |[[Guinea-Bissau]] |ee |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Phalane a le masome a mararo le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phatwe a le masome a mararo le motso ngwaga wa 2022 |- |[[Kenya]] |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Motsheganong ale malatsi a marataro, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa 2018<ref name=":14" /> |- |[[Lesotho]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phalane a le malatsi a a masome mabedi, ngwaga wa 2020 |ee |Ngwanatsele a le amsome a amabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2020 |- |[[Liberia]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phukwi a rogwa, ngwaga wa 2023 |ee |Phukwi a le masome a mararo le motso, ngwaga wa 2024<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230603150556/https://www.tralac.org/resources/infographic/13795-status-of-afcfta-ratification.html "Status of AfCFTA Ratification"]. ''Tralac.org''. Retrieved July 3, 2025.</ref> |- |[[Libya]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |nnyaa | |nnyaa | |- |[[Madagascar]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |nnyaa | |nyaa | |- |[[Malawi]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Ngwanatsele a rogwa, ngwaga wa 2020 |ee |Firikgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2021<ref>[http://www.news.cn/ "Malawi deposits AfCFTA ratification to AU".] January 15, 2021. Retrieved 03 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Mali]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firikgong a le lesome le motso, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Tlhakole a rogwa, ngwaga wa 2019 |- |[[Mauritania]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firikgong a le masome a mararo le motso, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Tlhakole a le lesome le motso, ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240705024825/https://au.int/sw/node/35799 "Deposit of the instrument of Ratification of the AfCFTA Agreement by Mauritania"]. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Mauritius]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Lwetse a le masome a mararo, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2019 |- |[[Morocco]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Tlhakole a le masome a mabedi le bone, ngwaga wa 2022 |ee |Moranang a le lesome le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa 2022 |- |[[Mozambique]] |ee |Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firkgong a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa 2023 |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a matlhano, ngwaga wa 2023 |- |[[Namibia]] |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firikgong a le masome a mabedi le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Tlhakole a rogwa, ngwaga wa 2019 |- |Niger |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Motsheganong a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Seetebosigo a le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa 2018<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231008162808/https://www.tralac.org/news/article/13137-niger-deposits-its-instrument-of-ratification-of-the-agreement-on-the-afcfta.html "Niger deposits its instrument of ratification of the Agreement on the AfCFTA".] Retrieved 3 July 2025</ref> |- |[[Nigeria]] |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Morule a le malatsi a mararo, ngwaga wa 2020 |ee |Morule a le malatsi a matlhano, ngwaga wa 2020<ref>[https://www.uneca.org/storys/nigeria-becomes-34th-country-ratify-afcfta-agreement "Nigeria becomes 34th country to ratify AfCFTA agreement".] December 5, 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Rwanda]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firikgong a le masome a mabedi le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borataro, ngwaga wa 2018<ref>[https://www.africanews.com/2018/05/27/rwanda-becomes-third-country-to-ratify-au-free-trade-pact/ "Rwanda becomes third country to ratify A.U. free trade pact"]. May 27, 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Sahrawi Republic]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Moranang a le masome a mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Moranang a le masome a mararo, ngwaga wa 2019 |- |[[São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Prìncipe]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Motsheganong a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Seetebosigo a le malatsi a masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/africanunion.ecosocc/posts/2381006718834255/ "African Union ECOSOCC".] ''Facebook''. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Senegal]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Mopitlo a le lesome le bobedi, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Moranang a le malatsia mabedi, ngwaga wa 2019 |- |[[Seychelles]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Phukwi a robabobedi, ngwaga wa 2021 |ee |Lwetse a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2021 |- |[[Sierra Leone]] |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Moranang a le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Moranang a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2019 |- |[[Somalia]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee | |nnyaa | |- |[[Aforika Borwa|South Africa]] |ee |Phukwi a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firkgong a le masome a mararo le motso, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Tlhakole a le lesome, ngwaga wa 2019<ref name=":15">[https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/president-deposits-sas-afcfta-instrument-ratification "President deposits SA's AfCFTA instrument of ratification"]. February 11, 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2025</ref><ref name=":15" /> |- |[[South Sudan]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |nnyaa | |nnyaa | |- |[[Sudan]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |nnyaa | |nnyaa | |- |[[Tanzania]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firikgong a le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa 2022 |ee |Firikgong a le lesome le bosupa, ngwaga wa 2022<ref>[https://x.com/tanzaniainaddis/status/1482988442338439168 <nowiki>Tanzania Embassy in Ethiopia [@tanzaniainaddis] (January 17, 2022). "Ambassador deposits instrument of accession"</nowiki>] (Tweet). Addis Ababa. Retrieved 3 July 2025– via Twitter.</ref> |- |[[Togo]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Firikgong a robabongwe, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi, ngwaga wa 2019 |- |[[Tunisia]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Lwetse a le mlatsi a supa, ngwaga wa 2020 |ee |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le bosupa, ngwaga wa 2020 |- |[[Uganda]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi, ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Tlhakole a le malatsi a robabongwe, ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231008162035/https://www.tralac.org/news/article/13750-uganda-deposits-its-instrument-of-ratification-of-the-agreement-on-the-afcfta.html "Uganda deposits its instrument of ratification of the Agreement on the AfCFTA"]. Retrieved 3 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Zambia]] |ee |Tlhakole a le malatsi a a lesome ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Firkgong a le masome amabedi le borobabobedi, ngwaga wa 2021 |ee |Tlhakole a le malatsi a matlhano, ngwaga wa 2021<ref>[https://www.uneca.org/stories/zambia-latest-country-ratify-african-continental-free-trade-area-afcfta-agreement "Zambia is latest country to ratify the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement".] February 8, 2021. Retrieved 03 July 2025.</ref> |- |[[Zimbabwe]] |ee |Mopitlo a le malatsi a a masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2018 |ee |Moranang a le masome mabedi le botlhano, ngwaga wa 2019 |ee |Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bone, ngwaga wa 2019<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190814122820/https://www.uneca.org/stories/zimbabwe%E2%80%99s-national-consultative-forum-african-continental-free-trade-area-slated-19-june "Zimbabwe's National Consultative Forum on the African continental free trade area slated for 19 June"]. Archived from [https://www.uneca.org/stories/zimbabwe%E2%80%99s-national-consultative-forum-african-continental-free-trade-area-slated-19-june the original] on August 14, 2019. Retrieved 03 July 2025.</ref> |} == Mafatshe a mangwe a e leng maloko a AU == Lefatshe la Eritrea ga le a baya monwana ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang le la Ethiopia, mme ka ngwaga wa 2019, morago ga bokopano jwa 2018 jwa Eritrea le Ethiopia, mogogi wa tsa kgwebo le mehama wa African union o ne a solofetse gore lefatshe la Eritrea le tla a baya monwana mo tumalanong e.<ref name=":12" /> == Metswedi == jx0q656m9gcxz8zebprhm9ci1curos7 0 10981 50633 49435 2026-06-13T13:54:11Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Peter Segopotso Mabeo|birth_date=1971 (dingwaga di le masome matlhano le metso e meraro kgotsa e mene|birth_place=Gaborone, Botswana|citizenship=Motswana|occupation=Motlhami wa Fenitshara, mogwebi|years active=1997 go tsena gompieno|known for=Motlhami wa Mabeo Studio|notable works=Dikgobokanyo tsa Fendi "Kompa", setilo sa Maduo, kobotlo ya Chichira|awards=ICFF Editors ka 2006, 2008 le 2010|website=https://mabeostudio.com/}} '''Peter Segopotso Mabeo''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1971 mo Gaborone ,botswana) ke mmetli o o ithutileng tiro eo ebile e le mosimolodi wa [[Mabeo Furniture]] le [[Mabeo Studio]]. O itsege ka go tswakanya magokaganyane a petlo a ditso tsa Botswana le a mašha, a dira gore go nne le nyalano gareng ga babetli ba mo gae le ba mafatshefatshe, le go dira tse di ipelelwang kwa ditshupong tsa mafatshe jaaka Fendi le ICFF.<ref name=":0">[https://int.design/en/jurys/peter-mabeo/ "Peter MABEO".] ''INT Design''. Retrieved 22 September 2025.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.pamono.es/designers/peter-mabeo "Peter Mabeo Online Shop | Shop Furniture at Pamono".] ''pamono.es'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 September 2025.</ref><ref name=":2">wellmadeafrica (2011-06-01). [https://www.atelier55design.com/design-botswana-mabeo-furniture-inspired-by-culture-and-craftwork/ "Design: Mabeo Furniture Inspired by Botswana's Culture and Craftwork".] ''atelier 55 - The Curators of Contemporary African Design, Craft, Decor, Homeware & Interiors''. Retrieved 22 September 2025</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le motheo wa sekao == O ithutetse tsa go dira, a simolola tiro ya gagwe mo Botswana, kwa a neng a tlhama madirelo a magokanyane a sešha le a setso. Mabeo o simolotse go bereka le ba tiro ya diatla ka ngwaga wa 1997, a dira fenitšhara e a e itiretseng ya logong, go loga ditlatlana le go loga matsela.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">[https://chic-african.com/peter-mabeo-designer-and-master-craftsman/ "ChicAfrican | Peter Mabeo – designer and master craftsman"]. ''chic-african.com''. Retrieved 22 September 2025,</ref><ref>[https://www.pamono.eu/stories/to-the-source "In Botswana to Find Etsha Baskets—Pamono Stories".] ''pamono.eu''. Retrieved 22 September 2025.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhama Mabeo Furniture mo Gaborone go tlhomamisa tiro ya gagwe ya botlhami le go amanya boswa jwa botlhami jwa Botswana le jwa sešha.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">[https://www.designindaba.com/articles/creative-work/gaborone-based-peter-mabeo-gaining-respect-global-design-stage "Gaborone-based Peter Mabeo is gaining respect on the global design stage".] ''Design Indaba''. Retrieved 22 September 2025.</ref> == Methale ya botlhami le perekisano le ba bangwe == Mabeo o gatelela go itshegetsa, botlhami, setso le bosetšhaba mo tirong ya gagwe.<ref name=":4" /> Tiro ya gagwe e tswakanya methale ya setso ya botlhami le methale ya sešha, se se dira gore bontle jwa Botswana bo kgone go supiwa mo go tseneletseng.<ref name=":5">Gaddis, Anicée (2018-08-06). [https://trueafrica.co/article/a-design-life-with-peter-mabeo/ "TRUE Africa | A Design Life with Peter Mabeo".] ''TRUE Africa''. Retrieved 22 September 2025</ref><ref name=":6">[https://web.archive.org/web/20250920143400/https://yourbotswana.com/2021/03/18/designer-peter-mabeo-is-making-his-mark-by-slowing-things-down/ "Designer Peter Mabeo is making his mark by slowing things down – YourBotswana"]. Retrieved 22 September 2025.</ref> O berekile le batlhami ba maemo jaaka Patricia Urquiola, Patty Johnson, Claesson Koivisto Rune, Garth Roberts, Luca Nichetto le Studio Noi, a baka dipuisano tsa ditso tse difarologaneng ka botlhami.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> == Go itsewe mo lefatsheng ka bophara le dietsele == Mabeo o supile tiro ya gagwe mo ditshupong tse dikgolo jaaka tsa beke ya ditshupo ya Milan, ICFF (New York), le kwa moletlong wa botlhami wa Lontone. Lefelo la gagwe la pereko le ne la fenya seetsele sa motlhami o o gaisitseng ka ngwaga wa 2006 le 2008 sa ICFF, le sa fenishara e e gaisitseng ka ngwaga wa 2010.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> === Ditiro le dikamano tsa botlhokwa === # Dikgobokanyo tsa Fendi tsa Kompa tsa ngwaga wa 2022, di diretswe Design Miami, di akaretsa dilwana di le lesome tse di dirilweng mo Botswana, go na le tlaleletso ya babetli, ba ba bopang, ba ba logang ditlatlana le ba ba berekang ka tshipi. Dilwana tse di lemogilweng thata di akaretsa setilo sa Maduo, setilo sa Foro le kobotlo ya Chichira.<ref>Martin, Hannah (2022-02-11). [https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/fendi-collaborates-with-designer-peter-mabeo-on-an-artful-furniture-collection "Fendi Collaborates with Designer Peter Mabeo on an Artful Furniture Collection"]. ''Architectural Digest''. Retrieved 22 September 2025</ref> # Ka ngwaga wa 2021, o ne a bereka le [https://web.archive.org/web/20250905063056/https://mabeostudio.com/ Vincent Van Duysen] a dirisa logong lwa Panga panga le methale ya go betla go tlotlomatsa botlhami jwa mo gae. # O berekile mo ditirong tsa selegae jaaka go direla Orange Babies fenitšhara kwa ditshupong tsa FNB kwa joburg, a tlhomamisa maikaelelo a gagwe a go dira tsa selegae.<ref>[https://visi.co.za/peter-mabeo-design-collab-at-the-fnb-joburgartfair/ "Peter Mabeo Design Collab at the FNB JoburgArtFair".] ''Visi''. 2017-09-04. Retrieved 22 September 2025.</ref> == Boswa le ponelopele == Mabeo o supa ponelopele ya botlhami e e sa supeng katlego e le ya dipoelo tsa madi fela, mme ele go bereka mmogo, go supa ditso le go nna le itsholelo e e itshetletseng ya botlhami.<ref name=":5" /> O ntse o itlamile go godisa bokgoni jwa Botswana jwa botlhami le go amana e ba bangwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> == Metswedi == 3bqtvlxxsxapu5509193qu5aa3kvsok 0 11237 50635 43077 2026-06-13T14:12:22Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50635 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Professor Lolie Makhubu-Badenhorst.jpg|thumb|Porofesara Lolie-Makhubu-Badenhorst]] '''Lolie Makhubu-Badenhorst''' ke Moporofesa-Molekane yo o thapilweng jaaka mokaedi wa porojeke ya thuto ya dipuo tsa dipuodintsi (MEP) kwa setheong sa tlhabololo ya thuto e e kwa godimo (CHED) kwa Yunebesiti ya Kapa.<ref>https://ched.uct.ac.za/multilingualism-education-project/contacts/lolie-makhubu-badenh</ref> O na le dikirii ya bongaka ya boranyane: Tiriso ya Puo go tswa kwa [[Yunibesiti ya Thekenoloji ya Durban]], Dikirii ya Master go tswa [[Yunibesiti ya Stellenbosch]], bachelor ya dikirii ya tlotlo ya botsweretshi go tswa [[Yunibesithi ya Kwazulu-Natal|Yunibesiti ya Kwa-Zulu Natal]]. Ke Modulasetulo wa Boto ya Puo ya [[Aforika Borwa]] ya ([[PanSALB]]). <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pansalb.org/af/direksielede/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-10-08 |archive-date=2025-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115152515/https://www.pansalb.org/af/direksielede/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ke mokomišenara wa Komišene ya isiZulu ya [[ACALAN]] mo Mokgatlhong wa Aforika (AU). Ke Motlatsamodulasetulo wa pele wa Lekgotla la Maina la Aforika Borwa (SAGNC). Pele ga a bereke kwa Yunibesiti ya Kapa, e ne e le Mokaedi wa Motshwarelela wa Ofisi ya Thulaganyo le Tlhabololo ya Yunibesithi ya [[KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu Natal]] ([[UKZN]]). Gape o ne a direla jaaka moeteledipele wa tlhogo le setlhopha sa dimojule tsa Dipuo tsa Aforika, Thutapuo le Tlhabololo. O ne a bereka le go tshwara maemo a a farologaneng (Dean, HoD, Motlhatlheledi yo Mogolo le Motlhatlheledi) kwa Yunibesithing ya Thekenoloji ya [[Durban]] ([[Durban|DUT]]) kwa a neng a simolola thuto ya isiZulu go badiri mme a simolola go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa go ranola ka nako ya meletlo ya kalogo ya Yunibesithi ya Thekenoloji ya Durban go akaretsa Puo ya Diatla ya Aforika Borwa ([[South African Sign Language|SASL]]). Gape, o ne a thusa thata mo go tlhomeng setheo sa Confucius kwa Yunibesithing ya thekenoloji ya Durban. Ke moemedi wa pele wa Aforika Borwa wa mokgatlho wa boditšhabatšhaba wa baralodi ba kalafi (IMIA). == Mafelo a a kgatlhang == Porofesara Lolie Makhubu-Badenhorst dikarolo tse di botlhokwa tsa kgatlhego ke: * Go bua dipuo tse dintsi * Go ranola (Go akarediwa puo ya diatla ya Aforika Borwa) * Thanolo * Thuto ya dipuo * Tlhabololo ya mareo * Pholisi ya Puo == Maitemogelo a go Ruta == O rutile ka puo ya isiZulu, go ranola le go ranola dithuto, bokao le mokgwa wa patlisiso le bokgoni jwa go buisana. == Di-webinar le dikokoano == * Makhubu-Badenhorst, R.L. 2022. * Makhubu-Badenhorst, R.L. 2022. Ukucutshungulwa kwegxathu eselithathiwe ekusetshenzisweni kwenqubomgomo yolimi eNyuvesi yaseKapa. Pontsho e e dirilweng ka nako ya Khonferense ya Virtual kwa Yunebesithing ya Kwa-Zulu Natal ka di 23-24 Tlhakole 2022. * O rulagantse le go nna modulasetulo wa webinar go keteka Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Thanolo le le neng le tshwaretswe mmogo ke Yunibesiti ya Kwa-Zulu Natal le Kwa-Zulu Natal SATI ka 30 Lwetse 2020. * Makhubu, R.L. (2016). Ukufundisa ngolimi lwebele: iminyaka engama-40 emva kwezibhelu zaseSoweto. O ne a dira puo ka nako ya Beke ya Dipuo tse Dintsi ya ATKV le [[Yunibesiti ya Johannesburg]] kwa Uncle Tom's Community Hall ([[Hector Peterson Museum]]) kwa [[Orlando West]], [[Soweto|Soweto.]] == Dikgaolo tsa dibuka tse a nnileng karolo ya tsone == * Makhubu, R.L. 2015. A systematic modelling approach to interpreting service delivery. Advances in communications and media research. Vol. 11. Nova Science publishers. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 57-88.<ref name=":0" /> * Makhubu R.L. 2005. Ngifuna Afe. Wathint’imbokodo, e rulagantswe ke N. Sibiya.27-32. Shutter & Shooter, Pietermaritzburg. * Makhubu R.L. 2005. Lokho kuhlolwa. Wathint’imbokodo, e rulagantswe ke N.Sibiya. 33-38. Shutter & Shooter, Pietermaritzburg == Ditlhogo tsa makwalodikgang tse a neng a le karolo ya tsone == * Oparinde, K.M., Makhubu, R.L. and Bariki, I. 2017. A Comparative Socio-Semiotic Perspective of Invectives in Two African Languages: IsiZulu and Yoruba. Social Sciences. Vol. 52, No. 1-3.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321206495_A_Comparative_Socio-semiotic_Perspective_of_Invectives_in_Two_African_Languages_Isizulu_and_Yoruba</ref> * Awung, F. and Makhubu, L. 2017. A Bourdieusian Analysis of the Status of Indigenous Languages in the South African Translation Space. Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies. Vol. 31, No. 3<ref>https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=uuYoIkwAAAAJ&citation_for_view=uuYoIkwAAAAJ:qjMakFHDy7sC</ref> * Mngomezulu, T.N. and Makhubu, R.L. 2015. The quality of translation services in rural communities: the case of the Esiwe Municipality. American Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences. USA: IASIR, Vol 1, 2 and 3 (11), 17-20. * Adekunle, T.O. Makhubu, R.L. and Ngwane, C.N. 2015. Bilingualism and Creativity: The Linguistic Spectacle of African Literature. Developing Africa through an Analysis of Wole Soyinka’s The Lion and the Jewel. American Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences. USA: IASIR, Vol 1, 2 and 3 (11), 48-55. * Mnyandu, N.L. and Makhubu, R.L. 2015. Language breakdown in courts and proposed need for proper training of interpreters. American Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences. USA: IASIR, Vol 1, 2 and 3 (11), 60-63. * Khumalo, T.R. and Makhubu, R.L. 2015. The unseen language communication breakdown impact on the two KwaZulu-Natal based hospitals. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise Applications. USA: IASIR, Vol 1 (12), 1-7. * Makhubu, Lolie. "A Systemic modelling approach to interpreting service delivery." ''Journal of Current issues in Media & Telecommunications'' 7.1 (2015).<ref name=":0">https://research.ebsco.com/c/mcwibl/search/details/253bhv5jib?db=ufh</ref> == Ditshupiso == [[Karolo:Yunebesiti ya Kapa]] [[Karolo:PanSALB]] [[Karolo:Yunibesiti ya Thekenoloji ya Durban]] [[Karolo:Yunebesiti ya Kwa-Zulu Natal]] l6outayr091xxdanly0dxj54humpeks 0 11690 50616 44333 2026-06-13T12:38:58Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Nkuli Sibeko|birth_name=Nonkuleleko Sibeko|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|6|24}}|birth_place=[[South Africa]]|resting place coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|alma mater=[[University of Cape Town]]|occupation=Actress, Screenwriter, Producer|years active=2005–present}} '''Nonkuleleko 'Nkuli' Sibeko''' (o tshotswe ka letsatsi la masome mabedi le bone Seetebosigo 1980), ke modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa, motlhagisi le mokwadi wa difilimi.<ref>[http://cliffcentral.com/gcs/gareths-guests/nkuli-sibeko/ "Nkuli Sibeko"]. ''CliffCentral''. 30 March 2016. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://roodepoortrecord.co.za/513256/a-local-film-to-make-you-feel/ "A local film to make you feel"]. ''Roodepoort Record''. 30 September 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.zanews.co.za/the-zanews-team "The Team – ZANEWS"]. ''zanews''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Sibeko o tshotswe ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone 1980 mo Aforika Borwa. O alogile ka dikirii ya Bobogelo le Tiragatso kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Motsekapa]].<ref name=":0">[https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=5486&sr=1 "Nkuli Sibeko-Botman: TVSA"]. ''www.tvsa.co.za''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> O nyalane le modiragatsi ka ene [[Thembile Botman]]. == Tiro == Ka 2005, o ne a tsenela motshameko wa metlae wa SABC1 wa ''City Ses'la'' mme a tshameka karolo ya "Dana Roberts". Seabe seo se ne sa ratwa thata, mme a tswelela go tshameka seabe se go fitlha kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya bone ka 2010.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 2009, o ne a gapa Sekgele sa Modiragatsi yo o Gaisang yo o Tshegetsang mo setlhopheng sa Metlae ya TV kwa [[Dikabong tsa Difilimi le Thelebišene tsa Aforika Borwa]] (SAFTA) ka ntlha ya seabe se. Pele ga a fenya, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Modiragatsi yo o Gaisang - wa Metlae ya TV kwa SAFTAs ka bobedi ka 2006 le 2007. Fa nako e ntse e ya, o ne a tlhagelela mo pakeng ya bobedi ya motseletsele wa drama wa SABC1 wa ''Society'' ka seabe se sennye jaaka "Dineo's Nanny". Morago ga moo o ne a tshameka jaaka "Zanele" mo polelong ya Mzansi Magic ya ''It's for Life''.<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/saturday-star/zuma-tweet-on-daughters-sitcom-roles-creates-stir-1101963 "Zuma tweet on daughters' sitcom roles creates stir"]. ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2012, o ne a dira karolo ya tshegetso ya "Dana" mo motseletseleng wa metlae wa SABC1 wa ''[[Ses'Top La]]'', kwa a neng a dira karolo ya gagwe gape mo pakeng ya bobedi le yone. Ka 2014, o ne a nna moeng mo motseletseleng wa Mzansi Magic wa ''Samsokolo''.<ref>[https://storage.googleapis.com/website-zkhiphani/uploads/Winnie-Ntshaba-and-Nkuli-Sibeko-7th-annual-SAFTAs-nominees-2013-e1361033838280.jpg "Winnie Ntshaba and Nkuli Sibeko-7th annual SAFTAs nominees 2013"]. ''Online Youth Magazine | Zkhiphani.com''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2014 o ne a kwala mmogo motseletsele wa dikgaisano tsa boammaaruri tsa SABC1 tsa ''The Perfect Sishebo Show''.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a tlhophiwa gabedi go bona Phitlhelelo e e Gaisang mo go Kwaleng Dikwalo mo setlhopheng sa Metlae ya TV mo difiliming tsa tatelano tsa ''Kota Life Crisis'' le ''Puppet Nation ZA'' kwa di-SAFTA tsa 2016. Mo mokwalong wa ''Puppet Nation ZA'', Sibeko o ne a tlhophiwa gape jaaka Phitlhelelo e e Gaisang mo go Kwaleng kwa di-SAFTA tsa 2017.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2540732/awards "Nkuli Sibeko accolades"]. ''IMDb''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ke motlhagisi-mogolo kwa Jack&Jill Productions kwa a tlhagisitseng filimi e khutshwane ya 2013 ya Lexus le filimi ya 2018 ya ''Table Manners''.<ref>Dercksen, Daniel (26 September 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251117195257/https://writingstudio.co.za/safta-award-winning-writer-and-actress-nkuli-sibeko-talks-about-crafting-the-screenplay-for-table-manners/ "SAFTA Award-winning writer and actress Nkuli Sibeko talks about crafting the screenplay for Table Manners"]. ''The Writing Studio''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt//bt/project/profile/242330 "Berlinale Talents Project - Table Manners"]. ''Berlinale Talents''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2018-09-14-00-cooking-fills-the-gap-of-a-lost-love/ "Cooking fills the gap of a lost love"]. ''The Mail & Guardian''. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2016-05-19-loves-labours-lost-as-xhosa-flick-is-yet-to-click/ "Love's labour's lost as Xhosa flick is yet to click"]. ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Bodiragatsi == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Filimi !Karolo !Genre !Ref. |- |2005 |''City Ses'la'' |Dana Roberts |TV series | |- |2005 |''Mazinyo dot Q.'' |Mrs Dlovo |TV series | |- |2006 |''Izoso Connexion'' |Lerato |TV series | |- |2009 |''Society'' |Dineo's Nanny |TV series | |- |2010 |''Home Affairs'' |Mpho |TV series | |- |2011 |''It's for Life'' |Zanele |TV series | |- |2012 |''Ses'Top La'' |Dana |TV series | |- |2013 |''Samsokolo'' |Guest role |TV series | |- |2013 |''Lexus'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2018 |''Table Manners'' |Producer, writer |Film | |} == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] my5jqr4c3bj1p0er787t6bfh8iy0nyj 0 12073 50613 45758 2026-06-13T12:20:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nambitha Ben-Mazwi''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Sedimonthole a rogwa 1988)<ref>[https://www.filmmakers.eu/en/actors/nambitha-ben-mazwi "Nambitha Ben-Mazwi – Filmmakers"]. ''www.filmmakers.eu''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> ke modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa, mogasi wa thelebišene, mogasi wa seromamowa le mogwebi.<ref>[https://www.glamour.co.za/lifestyle/nambitha-ben-mazwi-shining-bright-on-and-off-screen-9b9a73fe-2ba1-4c65-a52b-79815b62084b "Nambitha Ben-Mazwi shining bright on and off screen"]. ''www.glamour.co.za''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref><ref name=":1">Tshegofatso, Princess (2021-03-14). [https://www.thecityceleb.com/biography/celebrity/actress/nambitha-ben-mazwi-biography-husband-xhosa-movies-parents-net-worth-age-netflix-instagram/ "Nambitha Ben-Mazwi Biography: Husband, Xhosa, Movies, Parents, Net Worth, Age, Netflix, Instagram"]. ''TheCityCeleb''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> O itsege ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo motseletseleng wa drama ya boditšhabatšhaba wa ''[[King Shaka]]'',<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230328143946/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/culture/2023-02-10-nambitha-ben-mazwi-continues-to-grow-international-rsum-with-king-shaka/ "Nambitha Ben-Mazwi continues to grow international résumé with King Shaka"]. ''SowetanLIVE''. Archived from [https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/culture/2023-02-10-nambitha-ben-mazwi-continues-to-grow-international-rsum-with-king-shaka/ the original] on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> filimi ya [[Netflix]] ya ''[[Happiness Ever After]]'', mmogo le [[Renate Stuurman]], [[Xolile Tshabalala]], [[Khanyi Mbau]] le [[Rami Chuene]]<ref>''[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14307890/?ref_=nm_knf_t_1 Happiness Ever After]'', AAA Entertainment, Blingola Media, Netflix, 2021-11-10, retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> le metseletsele ya thelebišene ya Aforika Borwa jaaka ''[[The Queen]]'' le ''[[Scandal!]]''<ref name=":2">[[imdbname:8530316|"Nambitha Ben-Mazwi | Actress"]]. ''IMDb''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Nambitha Ben-Mazwi o tshotswe ka Sedimonthole a rogwa 1988 kwa [[Port Elizabeth]], [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref name=":0">SR (2020-07-11). [https://studentroom.co.za/wiki/nambitha-ben-mazwi/ "Nambitha Ben-Mazwi – 2025–2026 Wiki"]. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> O tsene ''Sekolo se Segolo sa Basetsana sa Collegiate'' pele ga a bona dikirii ya Honours mo Maranyaneng a Kgwebo go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Motsekapa]] (UCT).<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == === Jaaka mmakgwebo === Ben-Mazwi o simolotse kompone ya bobegakgang ya NambithaBM Media.<ref name=":3">[https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/nambitha-ben-mazwi/ "Nambitha Ben-Mazwi"]. ''Owen S Management''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> === Jaaka moemedi wa letshwaokgwebo === O dirile jaaka Moemedi wa Baagi ba Lefatshe Lotlhe, Moemedi wa Thuto e e Lekanang wa Lekgotla la Ditshaba le Moemedi wa Letshwaokgwebo la Aforika Borwa. Ka 2020, o ne a tlhagelela mo alebamong ya ditshwantsho ya ga [[Beyonce]] ya ''[[Black is King]]''.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.gq.co.za/culture/entertainment/nambitha-ben-mazwi-features-in-beyonces-black-is-king-musical-film-and-visual-album-689aa874-d186-4e37-9d65-c4e876f8420b "Nambitha Ben-Mazwi features in Beyonce's Black Is King, Musical Film and Visual Album!"]. ''www.gq.co.za''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> === Jaaka mogasi wa thelebišene === Ben-Mazwi o ne a dira jaaka MC ka nako ya Sejana sa Lefatshe sa FIFA sa 2010 mme a nna moamogedi-mmogo wa Dietsele tsa Tlhopho ya Batshameki ba BrightRock ka 2021 mo Ditšhaneleng tsa SuperSport 201 le 211.<ref>Mahlangu, By Quincy. [https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/celebs/nambithas-dream-comes-true-20210923 "Nambitha's dream comes true!"]. ''Daily Sun''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> === Jaaka modiragatsi === Ben-Mazwi o sikana le moswi [[Winston Ntshona]], modiragatsi wa bobogelo wa Aforika Borwa, mokwadi wa drama, modiragatsi le mofenyi wa Sekgele sa Tony<ref>[http://www.topbilling.com/articles/Top-Billing-chats-to-star-Nambitha-Ben-Mazwi-.html?articleID=3881 "Top Billing chats to star Nambitha Ben-Mazwi"]. ''www.topbilling.com''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> yo a mo umakileng jaaka tlhotlheletso ya ntlha mo kgatlhegong ya gagwe mo bodiragatsing. O ne a tsenelela Khwaere ya Bana ya Kapa Botlhaba a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi mme a diragatsa mo ditlhagisong di le mmalwa tsa mmino le tsa bobogelo.<ref name=":1" /> Seabe sa gagwe sa ntlha sa thelebišene e ne e le fa a ne a le moithuti kwa Yunibesithing ya Motsekapa, mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa ''Doubt'', kwa a neng a tshameka karolo ya Unathi Mweli. Moragonyana o ne a tlhagelela mo ''Diamond City'', ''[[Scandal!]]'', ''Broken Vows'' le motseletsele wa dibuka tsa [[Netflix]] wa ''[[Black Mirror]]''.<ref name=":1" /> Ka 2022, o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa Aforika Borwa wa ''[[Savage Beauty]]'' jaaka Linda Bhengu.<ref name=":2" /> Tiragatso ya gagwe e ne ya dira gore a akgolwe, go akaretsa le Sekgele sa Lefatshe Lotlhe sa NFTSA sa Modiragatsi yo o Gaisang ka ntlha ya dikarolo tsa gagwe mo ''[[Savage Beauty]]'' le ''[[Empini]]''.<ref>Keteyi, Oluthando (2012-02-14). [https://iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/local/2024-11-11-nambitha-ben-mazwi-deli-malinga-and-vuyo-dabula-among-winners-at-national-film--tv-awards-south-africa/ "Nambitha Ben-Mazwi, Deli Malinga and Vuyo Dabula among winners at National Film & TV Awards South Africa"]. ''IOL''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Pele ga se o ne a tlhagelela mo go ''[[Madiba]]'' (2017), ''[[Scandal!]]'' (2017), ''Diamond City'' (2018–2019), ''[[How to Ruin Christmas]]'' (2020), ''Dead Places'' (2021), ''Happiness Ever After'' (2021) le ''[[The Estate]]'' (2021).<ref name=":2" /> == Bodiragatsi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Karolo !Mokgwa !Ref |- |2016 |''Black Mirror'' |Nambitha Ben-Wazi |Television Series |<ref name=":2" /> |- |2017 |''[[Madiba]]'' |Nambitha Ben-Wazi |MiniSeries | |- |2017 |''[[Scandal!]]'' |Shado |Television Series | |- |2018–2019 |''[[Diamond City]]'' |Benathi |Television Series | |- |2020 |''[[How To Ruin Christmas]]'' |Refiloe |Television Series | |- |2020 |''[[The Queen]]'' |Shaueesha |Television Series | |- |2021 |''[[Dead Places]]'' |Angela |Television Series | |- |2021 |''[[Happiness Ever After]]'' |Zimkitha |Film | |- |2021 |''[[The Estate]]'' |Gigi Thethani |Television Series | |- |2022–2024 |''[[Savage Beauty]]'' |Linda Bhengu |Television Series |<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250121142501/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/fashion-beauty/2024-07-04-a-look-into-savage-beautys-nambitha-ben-mazwi-and-rosemary-zimus-rise-to-stardom/ "A look into Savage Beauty's Nambitha Ben-Mazwi and Rosemary Zimu's rise to stardom"]. ''SowetanLIVE''. Archived from [https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/fashion-beauty/2024-07-04-a-look-into-savage-beautys-nambitha-ben-mazwi-and-rosemary-zimus-rise-to-stardom/ the original] on 2025-01-21. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> |- |2024–2025 |''[[Empini]]'' |Ndoni Themba |Television Series |<ref>Dladla, Zibuyile. [https://stories.showmax.com/undefined/za/undefined/za/undefined/za/from-action-to-emotion-nambitha-ben-mazwis-empini-journey "From action to emotion: Nambitha Ben-Mazwi's Empini journey"]. ''stories.showmax.com''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> |} === Ditiro tsa bobogelo<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251212070603/https://www.apm.co.za/artiste/nambitha-benmazwi-1298/ "APM"]. ''Artistes Personal Management''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> === * ''Cinderella'' * ''Cabaret'' * ''The Promise'' * ''Gilbert & Sullivan Memoirs'' * ''The King and I'' * ''The Mikado'' * ''The Way'' == Dietsele le temogo<ref name=":4">Tsewu, Siya. [https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/nambitha-ben-mazwi-on-her-latest-award-nomination-and-her-shespeaks-movement-20221208 "Nambitha Ben Mazwi on her latest award nomination and her #SheSpeaks Movement"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> == * Glamour Woman of the Year (2016) * Woman of Wonder (2020) * Global Visionary Award – Woman of Wonder (2023) * Received the Industry ICON recognition – Academy Oscars (2024)<ref>[https://www.gq.co.za/culture/entertainment/an-evening-to-honour-legends-with-don-julio-fa7a1dda-9a49-44f7-946f-fade8e8f02b2 "An evening to honour legends with Don Julio"]. ''www.gq.co.za''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> * Most Stylish Performing Artist in Film or Television – SA Style Awards (2024)<ref>Whatsapp; Print; Pdf; X; Linked-in; Facebook; options, More sharing. [https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/430/233894.html "SA Style Awards winners announced!"]. Bizcommunity. Retrieved 2025-10-16. {{cite web}}: |last6= has generic name (help)</ref> * Hot Chick of the Year: Feathers Awards (2024)<ref>McKay, Bronwyn. [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/gallery-feather-award-winners-announced-20221111 "GALLERY | Feather Award winners announced"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 26 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> * Actress of the Year: VN Global Awards (won)<ref name=":4" /> * Best Actress (''Savage Beauty'' and ''Empini'') – National Film and Television Awards (2024) == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] pyx0mwzubb9jra88pf1ivuap1p1f0vt 0 12359 50615 46035 2026-06-13T12:26:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naom Jebet''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola botlhano (5) ka ngwaga wa 1994) ke motabogi wa sekgala se seleele wa kwa Kenya yo o itsegeng ka go taboga mo tseleng, go akaretsa marathone le halofo ya marathone. O fentse dikgaisano di le dintsi tsa marathone tsa boditšhabatšhaba mo tirong ya gagwe. == Tiro == Naom Jebet o simolotse go dira letshwao la gagwe mo mabelong a ditsela a boditšhabatšhaba kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 2010. Ka ngwaga wa 2019, o ne a fitlhelela rekoto ya gagwe e e gaisang mo sephatlong sa marathone kwa Copenhagen Half Marathon, a dira 1:08:08.<ref name=":0">"Naom JEBET". ''World Athletics''. Retrieved 15 May [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/kenya/naom-jebet-14742083 2025]</ref>O ne gape a fetsa a le wa borobedi kwa Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon mo ngwageng oo ka nako ya 1:08:19, e e neng e le phitlhelelo e e nonofileng mo kgaisanong e e nang le kgaisano e kgolo. Jebet o bone diphenyo tsa gagwe tsa ntlha tsa marathone ka ngwaga wa 2020 le ngwaga wa 2021. O ne a fenya Wizz Air Sofia Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2020 ka nako ya 2:28:38, a latelwa ke sebaka sa bobedi kwa Maratón BP Castellón ka 2:27:56.<ref name=":1">"Marathon Results of Naom Jebet". ''MarathonView''. Retrieved 15 May [https://marathonview.net/marathon-results-of-Naom-Jebet 2025]</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2021, o ne a tsaya maemo a ntlha kwa Marathon Varna (2:33:08) le Marathon Stara Zagora (2:32:04).<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2023, Jebet o ne a bona phenyo e kgolo kwa Nairobi City Marathon, a fenya ka nako ya gagwe ya 2:23:33, e e neng e le rekoto ya tsela.<ref>"Robert Kipkemboi, Naom Jebet crowned Nairobi City Marathon winners". ''Standard Media''. 2 July 2023. Retrieved 15 May [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sports/sports/article/2001476392/robert-kipkemboi-naom-jebet-crowned-nairobi-city-marathon-winners 2025]</ref><ref>"Kipkemboi, Jebet clinch Nairobi City Marathon victories". ''Citizen Digital''. 2 July 2023. Retrieved 15 May [https://www.citizen.digital/article/kipkemboi-jebet-clinch-nairobi-city-marathon-victories-n322767 2025]</ref>O ne gape a fetsa a le wa borobedi kwa Frankfurt Marathon ka ngwaga oo, a rekota 2:26:48.<ref name=":1" /> Jebet o ne a tswelela ka go fenya ka ngwaga wa 2024, a bona phenyo kwa Zurich Rock 'n' Roll Running Series Madrid Marathon ka nako ya 2:26:20.<ref>"Naom Jebet triumphs in Madrid for first international marathon victory". ''Pulse Sports Kenya''. 28 April 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2025.[https://www.pulsesports.co.ke/athletics/story/naom-jebet-triumphs-in-madrid-for-first-international-marathon-victory-2024042813075500465]</ref><ref>"Tafa and Jebet win on the biggest edition of Zurich Rock 'n' Roll Running Series Madrid". ''Zurich Rock 'n' Roll Running Series Madrid''. 28 April 2024. Retrieved 15 May [https://rocknrollmadridrun.com/tafa-and-jebet-win-on-the-biggest-edition-of-zurich-rock-n-roll-running-series-madrid/?lang=en 2025]</ref>Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, o ne gape a fenya Porto Marathon ka nako ya 2:30:00.<ref>"Naom Jebet wins Porto Marathon". ''Athletics News Kenya''. 3 November 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2025.[https://web.archive.org/web/20250317143655/https://www.athletics.co.ke/naom-jebet-wins-porto-marathon/]</ref><ref>"Results Marathon 2024". ''Maratona do Porto Official Website''. 3 November 2024. Retrieved 15 May [https://maratonadoporto.com/en/results/results-marathon-2024/ 2025]</ref> == Ditiragalo tse di di gaisang tsotlhe == Marathon -2:23:33 (Nairobi, 2 July 2023)<ref name=":0" /> Half Marathon -1:08:08 (Copenhagen, 15 Lwetse 2019)<ref name=":0" /> 10 Kilometres Road -31:49 (15 Moranang 2017)<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == fcvxdjcwg8dj8z9rbc3e4agz17v6y5w 0 12869 50636 48322 2026-06-13T14:20:10Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50636 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Asl_alphabet_gallaudet.svg|thumb|E ke setshwantsho sa Sign Language]] '''''Puo ya Sign language''' ke puo e e diriswang ka diatla, mmele, le dintlha tsa sefatlhego go buisana, e e leng botlhokwa thata mo bathong ba ba sa utlweng (Deaf community). Go fapana le puo ya molomo, e dirisa matshwao a a bonalang a a emelang mafoko, go fa batho ba ba sa utlweng tsela ya go buisana le go ikopanya le ba bangwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sign Language |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/sign-language |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref>'' ''South African Sign Language (SASL) e nnile puo ya bo 12 ya semmuso mo Aforika Borwa ka 19 Phukwi 2023, fa Moporesident [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] a sena go saena molao-kakanyao wa phetogo ya Molatheo. Se se diretswe go tlotlomatsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ba sa utlweng le ba ba utlwang ka bokete, go fedisa [[Kgethololo ya letso le mmala kwa Brazil|kgethollo]], le go godisa tekatekano. Go dirilwe seno go netefatsa gore batho ba ba dirisang puo ya diatla ba fiwa seriti, ba kgona go dirisa ditshebeletso tsa mmuso, le go tlisa tekatekano ya mekgwa e e sa tshwanang.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language - Parliament of South Africa |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260214200314/https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language |archive-date=2026-02-14 |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=www.parliament.gov.za |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>'' ''Tiriso ya puo e e akaretsang ke tsela e e botlhokwa ya go bontsha mefutafuta ya setšhaba se se rileng. Puo e e sa tlhaoleng e tila dikakanyo tse di fosagetseng ka batho mme e thusa go rotloetsa botsalano jwa tlotlo. Boineelo mo puong e e akaretsang ke ntlha e e botlhokwa ya setšhaba sa segompieno, se se farologaneng le se se akaretsang.Fa e le gore go farologana ke motswako, go akaretsa go dira gore motswako oo o dire. Go akaretsa go ka ga go tlhama tikologo e mo go yona mongwe le mongwe, go sa kgathalesege lemorago, bokgoni kgotsa setaele sa tlhaeletsano, a ikutlwang a le botlhokwa, a tlotliwa le go matlafadiwa go nna le seabe. Ke maitemogelo a a tshetsweng a tshiamo, go nna karolo ya setlhopha le go fitlhelega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diversity and Inclusion: What Does It Really Mean? {{!}} Signapse{{!}} Signapse AI |url=https://www.signapse.ai/post/difference-between-diversity-and-inclusion |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=www.signapse.ai}}</ref>'' ''Mo setsong sepe fela, go botlhokwa thata go abelana mekgwa e e tshwanang. Mo bathong ba ba Bosusu ka setso, go nna Bosusu ke boemo jwa tlholego jwa go nna. Ke karolo ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya botshelo jwa bona.Mo gare ga setso sa Bosusu go na le maitsholo a a tsewang e le a a senang maitseo, mme a amogelesega ka botlalo mo setsong sa go utlwa, le vice versa.Go leba motho mo matlhong go botlhokwa thata. Batho ba ba utlwang gantsi ba bua le ba bangwe ba sa lebane thata mo matlhong, mme mo teng ga setso sa Bosusu, go tila go lebana mo matlhong go ka tsewa e le go tlhoka maitseo. Go leba kwa thoko fa motho a go saena ke nnyaa-nnyaa.Mo setsong sa Bosusu, go amogelesega go ama motho yo mongwe gore a go ele tlhoko, tota le fa o sa mo itse sentle.Fa batho ba babedi ba ba utlwang ba tlotla gantsi ba nna kgotsa ba ema gaufi le yo mongwe, ka dinako tse dingwe ba bapile. Batho ba ba sa utlweng mo ditsebeng ba nna kgotsa ba ema kgakala thata mme go ka nna molemo fa ba lebagane gore ba kgone go bona "sebaka sa go saena" sa mongwe le mongwe ka phuthologo. Sekgala seno sa mmele se ka lebega se se botsalano mo bathong ba ba utlwang, mme gantsi [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|batho]] ba ba Bosusu ba se fitlhela .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=What you need to know about Deaf culture! |url=https://nid.org.za/news/what-you-need-to-know-about-deaf-culture/ |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=National Institute for the Deaf |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2026-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117132246/https://nid.org.za/news/what-you-need-to-know-about-deaf-culture/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>'' == Tshupetso == <references /> 2dy5xwuh5cu8oye4say7rhmumpado3a 0 13044 50652 49153 2026-06-13T15:43:47Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvia Schlettwein''' (O belegwe ka 16 Ngwanatsele 1975)[https://www.literatursehen.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/DLA_NA_Step3_Booklet_Marbach.pdf [ 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Ke mokwadi, Morutuntshi, moranodi, wa kwa Namibia.E ne le to a wa lephata la tsa diteme kwa International University of Management kwa Windhoek.[https://shortstorydayafrica.org/authors/q-t/sylvia-schlettwein/ [ 2<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Gotsweng ka ngwaga wa 2024, ke morutuntshi wa teme ya sejeremane kwa University of Namibia (UNAM). == Ditiro tsa gagwe == Schlettwein o tsholetswe kwa Omaruru. Schlettwein ke mongwe wa barwadi ba le bane ba mopolotiki Calle Schlettwein. Kgatiso ya gagwe ya Bullies, Beasts and Beauties, ke kgobokanyo ya dikanegelokopana tse a di kwadileng mmogo le Isabella Morris.[http://www.namibiana.de/namibia-information/who-is-who/personen/infos-zur-person/bullies-beasts-beauties-sylvia-schlettwein-isabella-morris-9789991687803-978-99916-878-0-3.html [ 3<nowiki>]</nowiki>] O amogetse sekgele se se tlotlegang thata mo kgaisanong ya Commonwealth Short Story ya 2010 ka ntlha ya kgang ya gagwe ya "Framing the Nation" mme o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mo FEMRITE Residency for African Women Writers kwa Kampala, Uganda ka 2011. [ Ka 2012 o ne a ya kwa Kwani? Litfest ka fa tlase ga thulaganyo ya Moving Africa Programme ya Goethe-Institut.[http://blog.goethe.de/moving-africa/pages/qa_kwani_Schlettwein_en.html [ 5<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Serubiri Moses o gatelela mokgwa wa bosadi wa motho ka nosi mo kanegelong ya gagwe ya "Mma Sebata", go tswa mo anthology ya Summoning the Rains, fa a re "E sokamisitswe ka tsela e e dirang gore motho ka nosi a nne kwa pele mme a sa bonale a le maswe thata kana a le bogale thata. Go lebega mongwe le mongwe a leka, mme kgabagare a bo a ineela. Mme le ene o tlogelwa a le nosi mo tiragalong eo ya bofelo ka boboa jwa gagwe jwa phokojwe bo mo phuthetse mo magetleng, a palelwa ke go kopanya botshelo jwa gagwe jwa lelapa kana botshelo jwa gagwe jwa tiro, a tlogelwa a le mo boemong jwa go nna mo maibing, a hutsafetse e bile a latlhilwe". [https://startjournal.org/2012/07/summoning-the-rains-african-women-on-patriarchy/ [ 6<nowiki>]</nowiki>] == Dibuka tsa gawe == Ape shit. In: Terra incognita: new short speculative stories from Africa. Hrsg.: Nerine Dorman. Short Story Day Africa, South Africa; Modjaji Books, Oxford 2015, ISBN 978-1-920590-99-4 Schlettwein, Sylvia (September 2014). "African Dreams, German Campfire, English Words". BAKWA Magazine. Retrieved 2022-07-04. Schlettwein, Sylvia (2018), "When the colonised imperialists go post-colonial: Namibian-German literature since independence", in Krishnamurthy, Sarala; Vale, Helen (eds.), Writing Namibia: Literature in Transition, Windhoek: University of Namibia Press, pp. 327–346 Schlettwein, Sylvia (2021). Katima. A Namibian Childhood, Kuiseb Publisher, Windhoek 2023,[7] == Metswedi == [1] [https://www.literatursehen.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/DLA_NA_Step3_Booklet_Marbach.pdf Sylvia Schlettwein about herself, in: STEP THREE NARRATING NAMIBIA, p48/49] [2] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260430045131/https://shortstorydayafrica.org/authors/q-t/sylvia-schlettwein/ "Sylvia Schlettwein - Short Story Day Africa"]. Retrieved 23 December 2014. [3] Namibiana Buchdepot. [http://www.namibiana.de/namibia-information/who-is-who/personen/infos-zur-person/bullies-beasts-beauties-sylvia-schlettwein-isabella-morris-9789991687803-978-99916-878-0-3.html "Bullies Beasts Beauties Sylvia Schlettwein Isabella Morris 9789991687803-978-99916-878-0-3 vorgestellt im Namibiana Buchdepot"]. Retrieved 23 December 2014. [http://blog.goethe.de/moving-africa/pages/qa_kwani_Schlettwein_en.html [4<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Moving Africa]". Retrieved 23 December 2014. [http://blog.goethe.de/moving-africa/pages/qa_kwani_Schlettwein_en.html [5<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Moving Africa"]. Retrieved 23 December 2014. [https://startjournal.org/2012/07/summoning-the-rains-african-women-on-patriarchy/ [6<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Start – A Journal of Arts and Culture in East Africa » Blog Archive » Summoning the Rains: African women on patriarchy"]. Retrieved 23 December 2014. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Schlettwein [ 7<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Schlettwein, Sylvia (2023). Katima: A Namibian childhood = Katima: Eine Kindheit in Namibia [de]. Windhoek: Kuiseb Publisher. ISBN 978-99945-76-92-0. [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] ge3huer5f2azxe0fiwmidnry2be50j3 0 13267 50647 50052 2026-06-13T15:17:50Z KatieKea 10150 /* Ditso */ Ke okeditse tlhanolo le metswedi. 50647 wikitext text/x-wiki Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) mo [[Botswana]] ba atologile mo ngwagakgolong wa bomasome mabedi le motso, le fa batho ba LGBTQ ba tswelela go lebana le dikgang tsa semolao tse di sa itemogelweng ke baagi ba e seng [[Batho ba LGBTQ|ba LGBTQ]]. Ditiro tsa thobalano tsa bong jo bo tshwanang tsa bomme le banna di setse di le ka fa molaong mo Botswana fa e sale ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso 2019 morago ga katlholo e e dirilweng ke [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana]] ka bongwefela jwa pelo.<ref name="cnn">{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html?no-st=1560254302|title=Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa|last=Fox|first=Kara|date=2019-06-11|work=CNN|accessdate=2019-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48594162|title=Botswana decriminalises homosexuality|date=2019-06-11|accessdate=2019-06-11}}</ref> Le fa Mmueledi Mogolo a ne a ikuela, katlholo e ne ya tshegediwa ke [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya Botswana]] ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2021. Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, morafe wa LGBTQ o bonala thata e bile o amogelwa thata mo baaging ba Botswana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Batswana warm up to gays, study shows |url=https://legabibo.wordpress.com/2016/03/11/batswana-warm-up-to-gays-study-shows/}}</ref> Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana e ntse e le kwa pele mo go tsa ditshwanelo tsa LGBTQ mo lefatsheng. Ka 2016, e ne ya laela Puso go kwadisa mokgatlho o mogolo wa LGBTQ wa Botswana, [[LEGABIBO]], mme ka 2017 e ne ya atlhola gore batho ba ba fetotseng bong ba na le tshwanelo ya molaomotheo ya go fetola bong jwa bone jwa semolao.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-14 |title=Botswana High Court postpones ruling on decriminalizing gay sex |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/botswana-postpones-decriminalizing-gay-sex/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075744/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/botswana-postpones-decriminalizing-gay-sex/ |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=2019-03-15 |website=Gay Star News |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ka 2019, e ne ya kgaola melao ya motlha wa bokolone e e neng e thibela go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang, mme ya atlhola gore "thobalano", jaaka e tlhalosiwa mo Karolong ya Boraro ya [[Molaomotheo wa Botswana]], e tshwanetse go "tlhalosiwa ka bopelotshweu le ka maikaelelo" go akaretsa tshekamelo ya thobalano. Kgethololo mo tirong ka ntlha ya bong e thibetswe fa e sale ka 2010 mo Botswana, mme seno se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a le mmalwa a Aforika a a nang le ditshireletso tse di ntseng jalo tsa batho ba LGBTQ. [[LEGABIBO]] ke setlhopha se segolo sa lefatshe leo sa go buelela LGBTQ, mme se rotloetsa temogo le kamogelo ya batho ba LGBTQ. == Ditso == Go ratana ka bong le botsalano jwa bong jo bo tshwanang bo kwadilwe mo ditlhopheng tse di farologaneng tsa segompieno tsa Botswana. Mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, batho ba [[Khoekhoe|Khoikhoi]] ba ne ba lemoga mareo a ''koetsire'', a a kayang monna yo o amogelang thobalano le monna yo mongwe, le ''soregus'', e e kayang go itshwaratshwara dirwe tsa tlhakanelodikobo mmogo, gantsi mo gare ga ditsala. Go tlhakanela dikobo ka marago le go tlhakanela dikobo fa gare ga basadi le gone go ne go diragala, le fa go ne go diragala ka sewelo. [[Basarwa]] le bone ba ne ba sa tseye go ratana ka bong ka tsela e e sa siamang, mme ditshwantsho tse di farologaneng tse di takilweng mo mafikeng tse di bontshang thobalano ya marago magareng ga banna di teng go fitlha gompieno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181014194210/http://www.willsworld.org/africa.html "Boy-Wives and Female Husbands"]. ''www.willsworld.org''. Archived from [http://www.willsworld.org/africa.html the original] on 14 October 2018. Retrieved Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2026.</ref> Morafe wa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]], e leng morafe wa [[Bantu]] o o dirang bontsi jwa baagi ba Botswana, le bone ba na le lereo la selegae le le kayang thatano ka bong. Lereo la [[Setswana]] le le reng ''matanyola'', le totatota le ranolang e le "thobalano ya marago", ga le bolo go dirisiwa go kaya banna ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna. Pele ga bokolone, setšhaba sa Batswana se ne se sa tlhakanele dikgopolo tsa Bophirima tsa thobalano le bong. Banna ba le bantsi ba Batswana ba ne ba tla robalana le banna, mme gape ba nne le basadi. Go ratana ka bong go ne go sa tsewe e le selo se se kgatlhanong le thatano ya bong jo bo farologanyeng. Eleruri, go ne go na le kgololesego e e anameng ya go tlhakanela dikobo le banna le basadi.<ref>Scott Long, A. Widney Brown, Gail Cooper. ''More Than a Name: State-sponsored Homophobia and Its Consequences in Southern Africa'', Human Rights Watch, 2003</ref> Dikgosi tsa setso (dikgosi tsa selegae tsa Setswana) di nganga gore go ratana ka bong go ntse go le teng mo setšhabeng sa Batswana, le gore batho ba ba ntseng jalo ba tshwanetse go tlotliwa.<ref>[https://76crimes.com/2013/07/26/botswana/ Botswana chiefs: 'Homosexuality has always been here']. ''Erasing 76 Crimes'', 26 July 2013</ref> Go bulega mono mo go lekanyeditsweng le go sa kgathale ka thatano ka bong go ne ga nyelela morago ga gore Botswana (e ka nako eo e neng e itsege jaaka [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]]) e nne mo tshireletsong ya Borithane ka ngwagakgolo wa bolesome le boferabongwe mme ya simolola go diragatsa melao ya motlha wa ga Victoria le melawana ya loago. == Bomolao jwa ditiro tsa thobalano tsa bong jo bo tshwanang == == Go lemoga botsalano jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang == Banyalani ba bong jo bo tshwanang ga ba amogelwe semolao, e ka nna ka mokgwa wa lenyalo kgotsa wa dikopano tsa selegae . == Ditshireletso tsa kgethololo == == Boitshupo le tlhagiso ya bong == Ka Lwetse 2017, Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana e ne ya atlhola gore go gana ga Mokwadisi wa Kwadiso ya Bosetšhaba go fetola letshwao la bong jwa monna yo o fetotseng bong go ne go "sa utlwale e bile go tlola ditshwanelo tsa gagwe tsa molaomotheo tsa seriti, sephiri, kgololesego ya go tlhagisa maikutlo, tshireletso e e lekanang ya molao, kgololesego mo go tlhaolweng le go tlontlololwa". Balweladitshwanelo tsa LGBTQ ba ne ba itumelela katlholo eno, ba e tlhalosa e le phenyo e kgolo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana: Activists Celebrate Botswana's Transgender Court Victory |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201710090073.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621164818/https://allafrica.com/stories/201710090073.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=25 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NEWS RELEASE: BOTSWANA HIGH COURT RULES IN LANDMARK GENDER IDENTITY CASE – Southern Africa Litigation Centre |url=https://www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/2017/09/29/press-release-botswana-high-court-rules-in-landmark-gender-identity-case/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127140150/https://www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/2017/09/29/press-release-botswana-high-court-rules-in-landmark-gender-identity-case/ |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> Kwa tshimologong, Puso ya Botswana e ne ya itsise gore e tla ikuela ka katlholo eno, mme ya swetsa kgatlhanong le yone ka Sedimonthole, ya tlamela monna yo o fetotseng bong ka lekwaloitshupo (Omang) le lešha le le bontshang boitshupo jwa gagwe jwa bong. Kgetsi e e tshwanang, e mo go yone mosadi yo o fetotseng bong a neng a batla go fetola letshwao la gagwe la bong go nna la mosadi, e ne ya reediwa ka Sedimonthole 2017. Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko e ne ya atlhola gore Puso e tshwanetse go amogela boitshupo jwa gagwe jwa bong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2017 |title=Botswana to recognise a transgender woman's identity for first time after historic High Court ruling |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/botswana-gaborone-transgender-identity-lgbt-rights-legabibo-court-law-a8114991.html |website=independent}}</ref> O ne a neela phenyo ya gagwe go "motho mongwe le mongwe wa bong jo bo fetotsweng ka go farologana mo Botswana". == Maemo a botshelo == === Mekgatlho ya loago === == Maikutlo a setšhaba == Patlisiso ya maikutlo ya Afrobarometer ya 2016 e fitlhetse gore 43% ya ba ba arabileng ba tla amogela kgotsa ba ka se tshwenyege ka go nna le ‘moagisani yo o ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang,’ e leng kwa godimo thata ga palogare ya mafatshe a a botsoloditsweng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2016 |title=Africa's most and least homophobic countries |url=https://76crimes.com/2016/03/09/africas-most-and-least-homophobic-countries/}}</ref> Patlisiso ya maikutlo ya Afrobarometer ya 2021 e fitlhetse gore sephatlo sa batho ba ba arabileng go tswa kwa Botswana ba tla amogela kgotsa ba ka se tshwenyege ka go nna le moagisani wa yo o ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keulder |first=Christiaan |date=3 May 2023 |title=Public opinion and tolerance of homosexuality |url=https://www.afrobarometer.org/articles/public-opinion-and-tolerance-of-homosexuality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524094157/https://www.afrobarometer.org/articles/public-opinion-and-tolerance-of-homosexuality/ |archive-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng ke Afrobarometer di fitlhetse gore Batswana ba ba botlana ba amogela batho ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang go feta ba tshika e e godileng. == Lenaneo la tshoboko == == Metswedi == {{reflist}} b8yxssblanct43dmeptvjzjy2kdf7mi 0 13359 50610 50241 2026-06-13T12:09:10Z Molatlhegi Refilwe 12870 50610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Water-conservation-stamp-1960.jpg|thumb|Setempe sa poso sa Amerika sa 1960 se se buelelang tshomarelo ya metsi]] '''Tshomarelo ya metsi''' e ikaelela go laola motswedi wa tlholego wa metsi a a phepa ka tsela e e tswelelang, go sireletsa lobopo la metsi, le go fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa batho tsa bogompieno le tsa isago. Go somarela metsi go dira gore go kgonege go tila tlhaelo ya metsi. E akaretsa melawana yotlhe, ditogamaano le ditiro tsa go fitlhelela maikaelelo ano. Baagi, bogolo jwa malapa le kgolo le khumo tsotlhe di ama gore metsi a dirisiwa go le kana kang. Le fa mareo a "bokgoni jwa metsi" le "tshomarelo ya metsi" a dirisiwa ka go ananya ga a tshwane. Bokgoni jwa metsi ke ditokafatso jaaka maranyane a masha a a thusang ka bokgoni le phokotso ya go dirisa metsi. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go somarela metsi ke tiro ya go somarela metsi. Ka bokhutshwane, bokgoni jwa metsi bo amana le tlhabololo le dipopontsha tse di thusang go dirisa metsi ka bokgoni mme tshomarelo ya metsi ke tiro ya go sireletsa kgotsa go somarela metsi.<ref>Maddaus, Lisa A.; Maddaus, Michelle L.; Maddaus, William O.; Matyas, Chris A. (2014). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/jamewatworass.106.8.150 "Pursuing more efficient water use: The history and future of water conservation in the United States"]. ''Journal (American Water Works Association)''. '''106''' (8): 150–163. Bibcode:2014JAWWA.106h.150M. doi:10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0115. ISSN 0003-150X.</ref> Phetogo ya loapi le mabaka a mangwe a okeditse kgatelelo mo metsweding ya tlholego ya metsi. Segolobogolo mo nosetsong ya tlhagiso le ya temothuo.<ref>[https://consult.defra.gov.uk/water/measures-to-reduce-personal-water-use/ "Measures to reduce personal water use - Defra - Citizen Space"]. ''consult.defra.gov.uk''. Retrieved Seetebosigo a le garataro ka 2026.</ref> Mafatshe a le mantsi a atlegile go diragatsa melawana ya go sireletsa tshomarelo ya metsi.<ref>[https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/200041CI.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=2000+Thru+2005&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C00thru05%5CTxt%5C00000005%5C200041CI.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1&SeekPage=x&ZyPURL "Cases in Water Conservation: How Efficiency Programs Help Water Utilities Save Water and Avoid Costs"]. ''EPA.gov''. US Environmental Protection Agency.</ref> Go na le ditiro di le mmalwa tsa botlhokwa tsa go somarela metsi. E nngwe ke phokotso e e mosola ya tatlhegelo ya metsi, tiriso le tshenyo ya didirisiwa.<ref>Duane D. Baumann; John J. Boland; John H. Sims (April 1984). "Water Conservation: The Struggle over Definition". ''Water Resources Research''. '''20''' (4): 428–434. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984WRR....20..428B 1984WRR....20..428B]. [[doi]]:[[doi:10.1029/WR020i004p00428|10.1029/WR020i004p00428]].</ref> Se sengwe ke go tila tshenyo epe mo boleng jwa metsi. Ya boraro ke go tokafatsa mekgwa ya taolo ya metsi e e fokotsang tiriso kgotsa e tokafatsa tiriso e e mosola ya metsi.<ref>Vickers, Amy (2002). ''Water Use and Conservation''. Amherst, MA: water plow Press. p. 434. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-931579-07-0|978-1-931579-07-0]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Geerts, Sam; Raes, Dirk (2009). [https://kuleuven.limo.libis.be/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=lirias1030139&context=SearchWebhook&vid=32KUL_KUL:Lirias&search_scope=lirias_profile&adaptor=SearchWebhook&tab=LIRIAS&query=any,contains,LIRIAS1030139&offset=0&lang=en "Review: Deficit irrigation as an on-farm strategy to maximize crop water productivity in dry areas"]. ''Agricultural Water Management''. '''96''' (9): 1275–1284. Bibcode:2009AgWM...96.1275G. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2009.04.009.</ref> Ditharabololo tsa maranyane di teng; tsa tiriso ya mo malapeng, mo kgwebong le mo temothuong go fokotsa tiriso/tatlhegelo ya metsi. Mananeo a tshomarelo ya metsi a a amegang mo ditharabololong tsa loago ka tlwaelo a simololwa mo maemong a selegae, ke ditirelo tsa metsi tsa khansele kgotsa mebuso ya dikgaolo. '''Maikaelelo a tirso e botlhale ya metsi''' Go somarela metsi ke tiro ya go babalela metsi. E re ntswa go somarela metsi ele sengwe se batho ba ntseng ba se dira, go ne ga anama thata ka mabaka a mantsi. Mabaka ao a akaretsa thaelo ya metsi, go tlhatloga ga ditshenyegelo tsa maranyane a kobo ya metsi, ditaelo tsa molao wa mmuso, keletso ya batho ya go babalela tikologo, le go nna mmepe gore go somarela mesti ga go sa thole go lere madi. <ref>Maddaus, Lisa A.; Maddaus, Michelle L.; Maddaus, William O.; Matyas, Chris A. (2014). "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/jamewatworass.106.8.150 Pursuing more efficient water use: The history and future of water conservation in the United States"]. ''Journal (American Water Works Association)''. '''106''' (8): 150–163. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JAWWA.106h.150M 2014JAWWA].106h.150M. doi:1[[doi:10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0115|0.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0115]]. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-150X ISSN 0003-150X.]</ref>Thaelo ya kabo ya se se tsewang ele ditsompelo tse di iseng di fele ke sone se batho ba bansti ba se lebeletseng fa ba dirisa ditsela tsa go somarela metsi.<ref>Garcia-Cuerva, Laura; Berglund, Emily Z.; Binder, Andrew R. (October 2016). "[[doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.006|Public perceptions of water shortages, conservation behaviors, and support for water reuse in the U.S."]] ''Resources, Conservation and Recycling''. '''113''': 106–115. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016RCR...113..106G 2016RCR...113..106G]. [[doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.006|doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.006.]]</ref> '''Maano a go somarela metsi''' Maano a go tofofatsa tshomarelo ya metsi a na le dipopego tse di tshwanang tse di akaretsang go fokotsa tshenyego ya metsi le go senywa ga ditsompelo ka tsela e e nang le mosola, go tila tshenyo epe ya boleng jwa metsi, le go tokofatsa ditsela tsa tsamaiso ya metsi tse di fokotsang tiriso kgotsa tse di oketsang tiriso e e nang le mosola ya metsi. Leano le lengwe la go somarela metsi ke go [[:en:Rainwater_harvesting|phutha metsi a pula]].<ref name=":0">Kumar Kurunthachalam, Senthil (2014). "Water Conservation and Sustainability: An Utmost Importance". ''Hydrol Current Res''.</ref> Go epa matamo, makadiba, mefore, go oketsa mafelo a go bolokela metsi, le go senya ditsela tse di farologanyeng tsa go phutha metsi a pula. Batho ba bantsi mo mafatsheng a mantsi ba boloka ditshelo tse di phepha gore ba kgone go a bedisa le go a nwa, se se thusa go tlamela ba ba thokang ka metsi. <ref name=":0" />Metsi a pula a a phutilweng a ba a tlhotlha aka dirisetswa matlo a boiteketso, go nosetsa ditshingwana tsa malapa, go nosetsa bojang, le ditiro tse [[:en:Smallholding|dipotlana tsa temo-thuo.]]<ref name=":0" /> Leano le lengwe gape la go somarela metsi ke go babalela ditsompelo tsa mtsi a a [[:en:Groundwater|kafaa tlase ga lefatshe]].<ref name=":1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conservation#cite_note-:22-10</ref> Fa pula e na, mangwe a metsi a tsenelela mo mmung mme aye kafa tlase ga lefatshe.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conservation#cite_note-:22-10</ref> [[:en:Groundwater_pollution|Metsi a a mo lefelong lele tletseng mesting]] le, a bidiwa metsi a a kafa tase ga lefatshe e se ka ya kgona go dirisetswwa go nwiwa ele metsi a a phepa,<ref name=":3">"Potential threats to Groundwater". ''groundwater.org/''. The Groundwater Foundation.[["Potential threats to Groundwater". groundwater.org/. The Groundwater Foundation.]]</ref> mme go itshajafatsa ka tlhago ga metsi a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a akaretsa ditanka tsa polokelo, [[:en:Septic_tankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_tank|ditsamaiso tsa thoto ya leswe]], [[:en:Hazardous_waste|matlakala, dikgotlelo tsa loapi]], dikhemikale, le [[:en:Road_salt|matswai a ditsela]].<ref name=":4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conservation#cite_note-:32-11</ref> Go kgotlelesega ga metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe go fokotsa go itshajafatsa ga metsi a a phepa a a leng teng, ka jalo go tsaya ditsela tsa tshireletso ka go babalela ditsompelo tsa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefathse kgatlhanong le kgotlgo ke ntlha e e botlhokwa thata ya tshomarelo ya metsi.<ref name=":5">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conservation#cite_note-:12-9</ref> Leano le lengwe gape la go boloka metsi ke godirisa mekgwa e e tswelelang ya go dirisa metswedi ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe.<ref name=":0" /> Metsi a akaha tlase ga lefathse a elela ka ntlha ya maatla a kgogedi mme kwa bofelong a tsena mo melapong.<ref name=":1" />Go pompa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka tsela e e feletseng go dira gore maemo a metsi a fokotsege, mme fa go tswelela jalo, go ka felela ka go fedisa motswedi yoo wa metsi.<ref name=":0" /> Metsi amo godimo ga lefatshe le fa tlase ga lefatshe a gokagane, mme tiriso e e feltseng ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e ka fokotsa tsotlhe phepelo ya metsi mo matsheng, dinokeng le melapong.<ref name=":2" /> Mo dikgaolong tse di gaufi le lewatle, go pompa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka bontsi go ka dira gore [[:en:Saltwater_intrusion|metsi a letswai]] a tsene mo metsing a phepa mme seno se ka kgotlela tlamelo ya metsi ao. <ref name=":2" />Tiriso e tswelenang ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e botlhokwa thata mo pabalesegong ya metsi. Karolo ya motheo ya leano la pabalesego ya metsi ke tshotlhe tsa puisano le thuto mabapi le manaeo a metsi.<ref name=":3" /> Go aga puisano e e rutang batsamisi ba lefatshe, baagi ba ba dirang melao, balemi le sechaba ka kakaretso ka tswa saense ke leano le lengwe la botlhokwa mo pabalesegong ya metsi.<ref name=":3" /> Go tlhalosa saense ya ka moo ditsamaiso tsa metsi di dirang ka teng ke karolo ya botlhokwa mo go tlhomeng leano la taolo ya metsi mme gantsi go dirisiwa go netefatsa gore leano le le siameng le a diragadiwa.<ref name=":3" /> Go boloka metsi go botlhokwa thata gore mafelo a diphologolo le tsotlhe tse di tshelang mo tlholegong a sirelediwe. Go na le ditshedi dile dintsi mo mafelong a a mogote o o itekanetseng tse di amiwang ke tlhaelo ya metsi.<ref name=":4" /> Gape, ditshidi dile dintsi tse di tshelang mo metsing a phepa di simolola go utlwa ditlamorago tsa kgotlelo ya metsi ka gonne e senya tikologo ka tsone.<ref name=":4" /> "[[:en:World_Water_Day|Letsatsi La Lefatshe la Metsi]]" le ketekwa ka 22 Mopitlwe<ref name=":5" /> == Ditharabololo tsa Loago == * * * * * * * * km2onee6uv7zfksvhtqbexoijgejg3o 0 13416 50631 50323 2026-06-13T13:12:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50631 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntwa ya noka ya Zand''', e e itsegeng gape ka leina la ntwa ya noka ya Sand e ne e le puisano gareng ga sesole sa kwa [[Britain]] ka fa tlase ga ga Lord Roberts se se neng sa lebagana le sa Maburu, se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Louis Botha.<ref>Gordon, Allan (2020-05-11). [https://web.archive.org/web/20260608125610/https://www.battletoursza.com/battle-of-sand-river-zand-river-11-may-1900/ "Battle of Sand River (Zand River) - 11 May 1900".] ''Battle Tours ZA''. Retrieved 2026-06-08</ref> Maburu a ne a beile dikganedi kwa nokeng, sekgala sa di maele di le masome mabedi, go thibela ba Britain go goroga kwa Kroonstad le [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]]. == Tse di diragetseng pele == Fa e sale ka Tlhakole 1900, Maburu a ne a gana ka kgaolo ya Orange Free State. Morago ga ntwa ya paardberg e baka go ineela ga sesole sa ga piet Cronje, Lord Roberts o ne a simolola mogwanto kwa Bloemfontein. Mogwanto o ne wa baka go goroga kwa bophirima ga sesole sa Britain ba tswa Kimberley ba setse morago noka ya Modder go ya kwa toropokgolo. Ka Mopitlo a le lesome le boraro, letsholo le le ne la fela, ba Britain ba thibelela kwa [[Bloemfontein]].<ref name=":0">Conan Doyle, Arthur (September 1902). [[wikisource:The_Great_Boer_War/Chapter_20|"The Great Boer War - Chapter 20"]]. ''en.wikisource.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-08</ref><ref>de Wet, Christiaan (1902). "[https://www.angloboerwar.com/books/74-de-wet-three-years-war/1520-de-wet-chapter-vii-the-wild-flight-from-poplar-grove Three Years' War - Chapter 7]". ''www.angloboerwar.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-08</ref> Go tswa foo, o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go baakanya borwa botlhaba jwa Orange Free State, a emisa go tswelela pele mo dibekeng di le thataro. Sesole sa boremelelo se ne sa sala kwa Bloemfontein ka sesole sa mophato wa bosupa se thibeletse kwa Karee Siding,<ref name=":0" /> kwa go neng go le di maele di le masome mabedi kwa bokone jwa torpokgolo. Sesole se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Ian Hamilton le John French se ne sa tsoma sesole sa maburu kwa borwa, se dirilwe ke mephato ya bokolone le bapagami ba dipitse. Ka Mopitlo, Moranang le Motsheganong a simologa, ba Britain ba ne ba ganyaola kgaolo e e neng e gogiwa ke Christiaan de Welt. Fa Motsheganonga simologa, kganyaolo ya Orange Fre State e ne e fedile, ka jalo Lord Roberts a tsaya tshwetso ya go isa sesole sa gagwe kwa bokone gaufi le Pretoria.<ref>Conan Doyle, Arthur (September 1902). [[wikisource:The_Great_Boer_War/Chapter_23|"The Great Boer War - Chapter 23".]] ''Wikisource''. Retrieved 2026-05-08</ref> == Metswedi == 4gvt9lwq4j3dffoyle91cw884m2i2xk 0 13422 50625 50329 2026-06-13T12:46:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|river_name=Noka ya Marico|image_name=River, Madikwe Game Reserve.jpg|name=Madikwa|caption=Madikwe Game Reserve|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Marico|mouth=[[Noka ya Limpopo]]|origin=Marico Oog|location=gaufi le [[Oliphant's Drift]] kwa molelwaneng wa [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Botswana]]}} '''Noka ya Marico''' ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Go na le matamo a le mmalwa mo kgampung ya yone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120417215531/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNWMarico/defaultdam.htm "Major dams in the Marico River".] Archived from [https://ewisa.co.za/ the original] on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 08 June 2026</ref> Toropo ya Groot Marico e reeletswe ka leina la noka ya Marico.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marico.co.za/ |title=Marico - Africa at its best |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2021-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220054851/http://www.marico.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fa e sena go kopana le [[Noka ya Crocodile (Limpopo)|noka ya Crocodile]] mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa mojeng e bdiwa [[Limpopo River|noka ya Limpopo]]. == Ka fa e tsamayang ka teng == Noka e e simolola e le noka ya Groot Marico kwa Marico Oog, gaufi le Rustenburg le Swartruggens kwa kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima jwa Aforika Borwa. Motswedi wa noka e ke lefuti le letona mo lefatsheng le le nang le metsi a a phepa, le gape e leng lefelo le go tsenwang mo metsing ka lone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170216062129/http://gauteng.guesthouses.co.za/Gauteng_Info-travel/south-africa-info-groot-marico.html "South Africa Information: Groot Marico".] Archived from [http://gauteng.guesthouses.co.za/Gauteng_Info-travel/south-africa-info-groot-marico.html the original] on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 08 June 2026</ref> E elelela kwa bokone e le Great Marico e tswelele go kopana le noka ya Klein Marico.<ref>[https://travelingluck.com/index.html#local_map Klein-Maricorivier, North-West, South Africa]</ref> Ka lobakanyana e bidiwa noka ya Madikwene, mme morago ga noka ya Sehubyane e kopane le lotshitshi lwa yone lo lo mo molemeng, e boele mo leineng la Marico.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile (West) & Marico WMA 3]</ref> E tswelela ka go elelela kwa bokone, e konega kwa bokone botlhaba e tlhame molelwane gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Botswana. Kwa tlase e kopana le noka ya Crocodile kwa mojeng leina la molatswana morago ga bokopano joo e nnanoka ya Limpopo. Dikhilomitahar di le tlhano morago ga bokopano noka ya Notwane e kopana le Limpopo kwa borwa botlhaba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140903061212/http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/limpopo/fsheet1/drainage.htm "Limpopo Drainage Network".] Archived from [https://www.sardc.net/imercsa/limpopo/fsheet1/drainage.htm the original] on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 08 June 2026</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Limpopo watershed topo.png|thumb|Go tsamaya ga noka ya Limpopo]] [[Setshwantsho:Marico Oog.jpg|thumb|Leitlho la Marico, motswedi wa noka ya Marico]] == Matamo a a mo kgampung ya noka == Noka ya Marico ke bontlha jwa noka ya Crocodile (kwa bophirima0 le lefelo la Marico la bookamedi jwa metsi kwa Marico. Matamo a a mo kgampung ya noka e ke: * [[Letamo la Molatedi]] * [[Letamo la Kromellenboog]] * [[Letamo la Marico-Bosveld]] * [[Letamo la Uitkyk]] * [[Letamo la klein-Maricopoort]] * [[Letamo la Sehujwane]] * [[Letamo la Madikwe]] == Metswedi == axn2upjm9mct1wmqg8suutekr6fra84 0 13457 50618 50391 2026-06-13T12:40:54Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Tsavo national park map en.png|thumb|Noka ya Athi-Galana-Sebaki]] '''Noka ya Athi-Galana-Sabaki''' ke noka ya bobedi e telele mo Kenya (morago ga Noka ya Tana). E boleele jwa dikilimetara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a robabongwe(240 mi) mme e na le kgaolo ya 58,639 square kilometres (22,641 sq mi).<ref name=":0">nick (2023-10-27). [https://tsavotrust.org/where-two-rivers-meet-battling-pollution-in-the-athi-river/ "Where two rivers meet: battling pollution in the Athi River".] ''Tsavo Trust''. Retrieved 2025-07-03.</ref>Noka e tswa kwa sekgweng sa Gatamaiyo jaaka '''Noka ya Athi''' mme e tsena mo Lewatleng la India jaaka '''Noka ya Galana''' (e e itsiweng gape jaaka Noka ya Sabaki). == Go elela ga metsi == Noka ya Athi e elela go kgabaganya dipoa tsa Kapote le Athi, go ralala toropo ya Athi River, mme e bo e leba kwa bokone-botlhaba kwa e kopanang le Noka ya Nairobi teng. Gaufi le Thika, noka eno e dira Diphororo di le Lesome le bone mme e bo e retologela kwa borwabotlhaba kafa tlase ga mekgokolosa e e nang le ditlhare ya mokgokolosa wa Yatta, o o tsenang mo mogobeng wa yone kwa botlhaba. Kwantle ga dinoka tse dinnye tse dintsi tsa noka e e kwa godimo, noka e nngwe fela e e elelang ke Noka ya Tsavo, e e tswang kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba jwa Kilimanjaro, e e tsenang mo e ka nnang ka 3° S. Go tswa foo e elela kwa botlhaba, mme fa e ntse e elela kwa tlase e bidiwa Noka ya Sabaki (kana ya Galana), e e ralalang naga e e omeletseng e e nang le quartz e e kwa ntle ga setlhaba. Molapo ono o kwa tlase e bile o sephaphathi, o apesitswe ke sekgwa le sekgwa, o na le matsha a mannye le mekgatšha e e kgokagantsweng le noka ka paka ya dipula. Ka paka ya dipula, noka e tlhatloga go fitlha go dimetara di le lesome (33 ft) mo mafelong mangwe, jaanong e elela ka maatla ka mmala o o serolwana o o tlhakatlhakaneng, go tsamaya ka dikepe go kgorelediwa ke metseletsele ya diphefo, kwa Lugard Falls. E elela kwa botlhaba, e tsena mo Lewatleng la India dikilometara di le 10 (6.2 mi) kwa bokone jwa Malindi. == Diphologolo tsa naga == Noka eno e elela go ralala Tsavo East National Park mme e na le ditlhapi tse dintsi tse di farologaneng, mmogo le dinonyane tsa naga, dikwena le dinonyane tse di jaaka ntsu ya tlhapi ya Afrika. Bontsi jwa batho ba Kenya ba ikaegile ka noka go nwa metsi le go nosetsa. <ref name=":0" /> == Tlhabololo == === Letamo la Thwake === Karolo e ke karolo e e tserweng go tswa go Letamo la Thwake. [edit] Letamo la Thwake kgotsa Thwake Multi-purpose Water Development Programme, ke letamo le le agilweng mo Nokeng ya Athi kwa Kenya. 3][4] Letamo le le ikaelela go nna letamo la maitlhomo a a farologaneng le le tlamelang ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a nosetso ya temothuo, maatla a metsi, le mafaratlhatlha a mangwe a tlamelo ya metsi.[ Poloko ya metsi ke dimilione di le makgolo a marataro le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi tsa dikhubiki metara mme e dirisetswa magae a kwa magaeng, Konza le mafelo a mangwe a puso ya selegae. 3][4] Letamo le ja KSh. 37 billion mme le agilwe ke China Gezhouba Group Company.[ Madi a ne a tlamelwa ke African Development Fund. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230816192006/https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/VProject/show/P-KE-E00-008 "Kenya - Thwake Multi-purpose Water Development Programme – Phase I"]. ''projectsportal.afdb.org''. Retrieved 2021-07-27.</ref> == Metswedi == exu07xhrv0u49ifisq96oi29jja8ir1 0 13471 50629 50424 2026-06-13T12:55:58Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50629 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Ssezibwa Falls.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Sezibwa]] [[Setshwantsho:Sezibwa falls.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Sezibwa]] '''Noka ya Sezibwa''' ke noka e e mo Bogare jwa Uganda, mo Afrika Botlhaba. Leina leno le tswa mo lefokong la Se-Luganda le le reng "sizibirwa kkubo", le le rayang gore "tsela ya me ga e ka ke ya thibelwa". == Lefelo == Noka ya Sezibwa e kwa borwa-bogare jwa Uganda. E simologa kwa mafelong a a nang le metsi a a fa gare ga Letsha la Victoria le Letsha la Kyoga, kwa bophirima jwa Victoria Nile mme e elela e lebile kwa bokone go fitlha e tsena mo Letsha la Kyoga. Motswedi wa Noka ya Sezibwa o kwa Kgaolong ya Buikwe, gaufi le toropo ya Ngogwe, ka dikopano: Latitude: 0.2700; Longitude:33.0050. Noka ya Sezibwa e tsena mo Letsha la Kyoga mo Kgaolong ya Kayunga, gaufi le toropo ya Galilaya, e e nang le dinomore tsa: Latitude:1.3700; Longitude:32.8150. Boleele jwa Noka ya Sezibwa ke bokana ka lekgolo le masome a matlhano (150 kilometres) (93 mi) go tswa motsweding go ya molomong.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Ngogwe%20(Mukono)&toplace=Galiraya%20(Nakasongola)&fromlat=0.2391667&tolat=1.3130556&fromlng=32.9708333&tolng=32.8675 Approximate Distance between Ngogwe and Galilaya with Map]</ref>Fa gare ga motswedi wa yone mo Kgaolong ya Buikwe, mme pele ga e tsena mo Kgaolong ya Kayunga, noka e elela go ralala Kgaolo ya Mukono. == Tlhamane == Go ya ka ditlhamane, Noka ya Ssezibwa ga se selo sa tlholego, mme ke losika lwa mosadi yo o neng a imile yo o neng a bidiwa Nakangu, yo o neng a tshela dingwaga di le makgolokgolo a a fetileng mme e le wa setlhopha sa Kibe (phokoje). Go ne go solofetswe gore o tla tshola mawelana, mme se se neng sa tswa mo popelong ya gagwe e ne e le dinoka tse di mawelana. Mewa ya bana ba ba iseng ba tsholwe ba ga Nakangu - Ssezibwa le Mubeeya go dumelwa gore e thibela dinoka tse pedi ka lebaka leo e neng e le tlwaelo gore Muganda mongwe le mongwe yo o fetang motswedi wa noka kwa Namukono, dikilometara di ka nna masome a mabedi (20) go ya kwa botlhaba, a latlhele bojang kgotsa maje mo nokeng gore a nne le lesego. Tota le gompieno, setlhabelo sa tebogo sa letsela, biri le mokoko se dirwa kwa motsweding wa noka ngwaga le ngwaga, gantsi se eteletswe pele ke Ssalongo (rraagwe mawelana).<ref>Briggs, Philip (2020). ''Uganda: The Bradt Travel Guide''. England: Bradt Travel Guides Ltd. p. 180. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781784776428|<bdi>9781784776428</bdi>.]]</ref> == Diphororo tsa Sezibwa == Diphororo tsa Sezibwa di dikilometara di ka nna masome a mararo le bobedi (32) kwa botlhaba jwa Kampala, motsemogolo wa Uganda, go bapa le tsela e kgolo ya Kampala-Jinja. Lefelo leno ke lefelo la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Buganda. E na le matlapa a magolo a a motopo le modumo o o monate wa metsi a a elelang go tswa mo matlapeng a a motopo. Diphororo tseno di kwa Kgaolong ya Mukono. Go ya ka ditlhamane tsa setso, dinoka tse pedi tse di bidiwang Ssezibwa le Bwanda, di tshotswe ke mosadi yo o neng a le mo tseleng go ya kwa Kavuma Bukunja. Mosadi yoo, e bong Nakangu Tebateesa, yo monna wa gagwe a neng a bidiwa Nsubuga Ssebwaato, o ne a tshola mawelana a a bopegileng jaaka metsi, mme morago ga moo Sezibwa e ne ya elela go ya kwa bophirima, e feta dikgoreletsi di le dintsi mme ya bidiwa ka leina la yone, fa Bwanda yone e ne e elela go ya kwa botlhaba, go ya kwa Nyenga. Batho ba le bantsi ba tla mo lefelong leno go tla go bona dikgakgamatso ka gonne ba dumela gore lefelo leno le na le maatla a a fetang a tlholego. Diphororo tseno di boleele jwa dimetara di le supa (7). Go palama maje le go lebelela dinonyane ke dilo tse di dirwang thata mo lefelong leno. Baithutajioloji le baitsesaense ba bangwe le bone ba a tle ba etele lefelo leno. Diphologolo tsa naga mo sekgweng se se dikologileng di akaretsa ditshwene tsa sekgwa, ditshwene tsa mogatla o mohibidu le ditshwene tse dingwe le dinonyane.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723145504/http://www.huntingconcepts.net/stories/the-hidden-tresure-of-uganda-s-sezibwa-falls The Hidden Treasures of Sezibwa Falls] Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine</ref> == Metswedi == 1vpi2bnu04u6h3vjk6jp9k7y20w1a7t 0 13475 50617 50428 2026-06-13T12:40:34Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50617 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Athi River''' ke toropo kwa ntle ga Nairobi, Kenya kwa Machakos County. Toropo eno e reeletswe ka Noka ya Athi, e e fetang mo go yone. E itsege gape e le Mavoko. [[Setshwantsho:Athi River town.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Athi]] Noka ya Athi e na le Khansele ya Mmasepala wa Mavoko mme ke ntlokgolo ya kgaolo ya Mavoko, e e leng karolo ya Kgaolo ya Machakos. Toropo e na le batho ba le 81,302 (2019 census), mme e ntse e gola ka ntlha ya go nna gaufi le motse mogolo wa Kenya wa Nairobi.<ref name=":0">[https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-ii-distribution-of-population-by-administrative-units&wpdmdl=5728&ind=MT12f0IDWVM-a0J2dc3Xi42qelbruMwR0a7XIWb0iAwnedEVNBjd_1FEwMun_eI5 "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume II: Distribution of Population by Administrative Units".] ''Kenya National Bureau of Statistics''. Retrieved 28 March 2020</ref> == Lefelo la ditoropokgolo == Noka ya Athi ke karolo ya Greater Nairobi Metropolitan area. == Ditso == Noka ya Athi, e gape e itsegeng e le Mavoko, e ne ya kgaoganngwa le Lekgotla la Kgaolo la Nairobi ka ngwaga wa 1963, fa Lekgotla leno la Kgaolo le ne le fedisiwa. Mmasepala wa Mavoko o na le diwate di le nne (Noka ya Athi, Mlolongo /Syokimau, Kinanie / Mathatani, Muthwani). Diwate tseno tsotlhe ke tsa kgaolo ya Mavoko, e e nang le diwate di le nne. Diwate tse nne tse di setseng di mo Masaku County Council.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070628084749/http://www.eck.or.ke/downloads/pollingcentres.pdf Electoral Commission of Kenya: ''Registration centres by electoral area and constituency''] Archived 28 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine</ref> == Madirelo == Toropo eno e na le madirelo a mantsi go feta kwa Kenya. Go na le difeketiri di le thataro tsa samente tse di leng mo toropong: Bamburi Cement, Mombasa Cement, East Africa Portland Cement Company, Savannah Cement, National Cement, Kenya Meat Commission le Athi River Mining. Toropo eno e na le madirelo a go tlhafuna mariki a a leng a Khampani ya Wrigley. Gape go na le dikompone tse dingwe tse di itsegeng kwa ntle ga toropo tse di jaaka Doshi Steel, Mabati Rolling Mills, Seed Co., Kapa Oil Refineries le Devki Steel. == Kgwebo == Noka ya Athi e tletse ka dikgwebo tse di golang. Dingwe tsa dikgwebo tse di itsegeng thata di akaretsa Coloho Mall, Crystal Rivers Safaricom Mall, Trailink Logistics, le Wattle Blossom Retreat Centre. Dingwe tsa dilo tse di tlhotlheletsang kgolo e e bofefo ya dikgwebo mo lefelong leno di akaretsa go oketsega ga go agiwa ga matlo mo kgaolong eno le go nna gaufi le Toropo ya Nairobi le dikhampani tsa meepo. == Thuto == Sekolo sa ithutelo tiro sa Daystar e na le dikago mo toropong eno. Meat Training Institute le yone e teng mo toropong eno. == Dipalangwa == Noka ya Athi e na le seteishene sa terena se se agilweng ka ngwaga wa 1920 go bapa le Uganda Railway, go tswa kwa Mombasa go ya kwa Kisumu. Gape go na le seteishene se sesha sa terena sa Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway. Noka ya Athi e golagane gape le Nairobi ka tsela ya Nairobi-Mombasa Highway (e e itsegeng ka leina la Mombasa Road), e e nang le ditsela tse pedi, le go ya Kitengela e e gaufi ka Namanga Road, e e nang le tsela e le nngwe. Banni ba Athi River ba direlwa ke ditsela tsa bo lekgolo le lesome (110) le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120) go ya kwa Nairobi CBD<ref name=":0" />. == Metswedi == or76x8ulqlbq858fwad8tlycyhuf3w5 0 13485 50624 50438 2026-06-13T12:45:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50624 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kuiseb Namibia anagoria.JPG|thumb|Noka ya Kuiseb ka nako tsa dipula]] Noka ya Kuiseb ke noka ya nakwana e e kwa bophirima-bogare jwa [[Namibia]]. Motswedi wa yone o kwa Khomas Highland kwa bophirima jwa [[Windhoek.]] Go tswa foo e elela go ya kwa bophirima go ralala Namib-Naukluft National Park le sekaka sa Namib go ya kwa [[Walvis Bay]]. Metse e le mmalwa ya batho ba Topnaar e mo dintshing tsa noka ya Kuiseb e e kwa tlase, jaaka Homeb, [[Sandfontein,]] Rooibank, le Utuseb. <ref>[[:en:Kuiseb_River#CITEREFMalan1998|Malan 1998]], p. 120–125.</ref><ref>[[:en:Kuiseb_River#CITEREFMoritz1997|Moritz 1997,]] pp. 4–5.</ref> Dinoka tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya Kuiseb ke Gomab, Ojab, Chausib, Gaub, Koam, Nausgomab le Goagos. <ref name=":0">Jacobson, Peter J.; Jacobson, Kathryn M.; Seely, Mary K. (1995). ''[http://www.the-eis.com/data/literature/Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia]'' (PDF 8.7MB). [[:en:Windhoek|Windhoek:]] Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. pp. 140–141. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9991670947|<bdi>9991670947</bdi>.]]</ref> Lefelo le go elelang metsi la noka ya Kuiseb (go akaretsa le dinoka tse di e tsenang) go lekanyetswa gore le magareng ga 15,500[3] le 16,692 km2 (6,445 sq mi).<ref>Strohbach, B.J. (2008)[http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf . "Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia"] (PDF 1.0MB). ''Agricola''. '''2008''': 63–73. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780353358164|9780353358164]]</bdi>. ISSN 1015-2334. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/940637734 940637734.]</ref>E na le palogare ya go elela ga metsi e e ka nnang 20 million cubic metres ka ngwaga (710×106 cu ft/a).<ref>[https://archive.today/20120906113042/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=14109 "ELECTIONS 2010: Erongo regional profile".] [[:en:New_Era_(Namibia)|New Era.]] 16 November 2010.</ref>[[Letamo la Friedenau]], le le agilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi, le mo nokeng.<ref>[http://www.namwater.com.na/data/dams/friedenau.html Friedenau] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121140523/http://www.namwater.com.na/data/dams/friedenau.html Archived] 2008-11-21 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] at NamWater</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Herikgong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano, e ne e le la ntlha morago ga dingwaga di le dintsi, noka ya Kuiseb e elela go ya kwa lewatleng. Fa gare ga Naukluft le Namib, Kuiseb e ne ya dira molapo mo lefelong le le omeletseng le le sa fitlhelegeng. Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe, lefelo le le dikologileng Kuiseb Canyon le ne la nna lefelo la botshabelo la ga [[Henno Martin]] le Hermann Korn ba ba neng ba fudugela koo go letela ntwa gore e fele.<ref>Martin, Henno (2006). ''The Sheltering Desert''. Hamburg: Two Books. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9783935453035|<bdi>9783935453035</bdi>.]]</ref>Morago ga moo go ne ga gatisiwa dibuka tse pedi le baesekopo e e buang ka dingwaga tse pedi tse ba neng ba nna koo ka tsone; o ka kgona go etela matlotla a lefelo la bone la bonno. Mo tseleng ya yone e e ralalang Namib, Kuiseb e dikologilwe ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe ke dithabana tsa motlhaba tse di kwa godimo go gaisa mo lefatsheng, mme ka fa go le lengwe ke lentswe le le omeletseng.<ref name=":0" /> Dithota tsa motlhaba o mohibidu tse di kwa borwa jwa noka di fitlha bogodimo jwa dimetara di feta lekgolo le masome a matlhano. Diphefo tse di maatla di fokisa dithotana tseno tsa matlapa go ya kwa bokone, mme di thibelwa ke noka. Mo tiragalong e, motlhaba le seretse se se ntsi di bewa mo Kuiseb gore di fitlhe fela kwa lewatleng fa di le mo merwaleleng. <ref>Morin, Efrat; Grodek, Tamir; Dahan, Ofer; Benito, Gerardo; Kulls, Christoph; Jacoby, Yael; Langenhove, Guido Van; Seely, Mary; Enzel, Yehouda (April 2009). "Flood routing and alluvial aquifer recharge along the ephemeral arid Kuiseb River, Namibia". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''368''' (1–4): 262–275. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.015|10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.015]]. ISSN [[0022-1694.]]</ref> Ka ngwag wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa , kgaolo e e fa gare ga [[Noka ya Swakop]] le Noka ya Kuiseb e ne ya tlhophiwa ke puso ya kolone ya Jeremane gore e nne lefelo le go sireleditsweng diphologolo tsa naga mo go lone. Gone jaanong lefelo leno ke karolo ya [[Namib-Naukluft National Park]]. The Desert Research Foundation of Namibia (DRFN) e kwa Gobabeb mo dintshing tsa noka.<ref>[https://www.namibweb.com/drfn.htm "Desert Research Foundation of Namibia".] namibweb.com. Retrieved 3 October 2019.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Kuiseb River Nears the Ocean.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa noka ya Kuiseb se se tserweng ka sathalaete.]] == Metswedi == jyhkr4e8xopqmy0aztkekzx0umkohdc 0 13493 50628 50447 2026-06-13T12:55:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50628 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:RusiziRiver.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Ruzizi]] '''Noka ya Ruzizi''' (e gape e bidiwang Rusizi, French; Rivière Ruzizi; Dutch: Ruzizi Rivier) ke noka ya boleele jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le lesome le bosupa (117) <ref>Felton, Anna A.; Russell, James M.; Cohen, Andrew S.; Baker, Mark E.; Chesley, John T.; Lezzar, Kiram E.; McGlue, Michael M.; Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Quade, Jay; Curt Stager, J.; Tiercelin, Jean Jacques (2007). "Paleolimnological Evidence for the Onset and Termination of Glacial Aridity from Lake Tanganyika, Tropical East Africa". ''Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology''. '''252''' (3–4): 405. Bibcode:2007PPP...252..405F. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.003|10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.003.]]</ref>e e elelang go tswa kwa Letsheng la Kivu go ya kwa Letsheng la Tanganyika kwa Bogare jwa Afrika, e e fologang go tswa go dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano (1 500) go ya go dimetara di le 770 kwa godimo ga boalo jwa lewatle ka boleele jwa yone.<ref>Derived from geolocation with [[:en:Google_Earth|Google Earth.]]</ref><ref name=":0">[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-3.364167,29.267778&spn=0.1,0.1&t=m&q=-3.364167,29.267778 "Google Maps"]. Google Maps. 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.</ref>Diphetogo tse di kwa godimo thata di diragala mo dikilometareng tse masome a mane (40) tsa ntlha (25 mi), kwa go agilweng matamo a motlakase wa metsi teng.<ref>Lamers, Alfred (1990). [https://archive.today/20130419045316/http://www.greenstone.org/greenstone3/nzdl?a=d&c=edudev&d=HASH71e2a38183455b196e1b94.7.3&sib=1&p.a=b&p.sa=&p.s=ClassifierBrowse&p.c=edudev "Ruzizi II - A Fine Example of Regional Cooperation".] Human Info NGO Library for Education and Development. Retrieved 14 January 2013+</ref>Kwa tlase ga noka, Ruzizi Plain, kwa tlase ga Western Rift Valley, e na le dithota tse di bonolo,<ref name=":1">[http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/BURUNDI.pdf "Burundi Wetlands"] (PDF). Ramsar. pp. 2–4. Retrieved 14 January 2013</ref> mme noka e elela mo Letsha la Tanganyika ka delta, ka kanale e le nngwe kgotsa tse pedi tse dinnye tse di kgaoganang le kanale e kgolo.<ref name=":0" /> Noka ya Ruzizi ke noka e nnye, e e neng ya bopega mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse lesome (10 000) tse di fetileng fa go thunya ga lekgwamolelo go go neng go amana le go phatloga ga dikontinente go ne go bopa Dithaba tsa Virunga. Dithaba di ne tsa kganela letsha la Kivu gore le se ka la tswela kwa nokeng ya Nile mme go na le moo, le ne la dira gore letsha leno le elele kwa borwa go ela kwa Ruzizi le kwa nokeng ya Congo. == Tsela == Noka ya Ruzizi e elela mo Letsha la Tanganyika Noka eno e dira karolo ya molelwane magareng ga Rwanda kwa botlhaba le Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) kwa bophirima.<ref name=":0" />Kwa tlase ga noka, e bopa karolo ya molelwane magareng ga DRC le Burundi, mme karolo ya yone e e kwa tlase e mo teng ga Burundi.<ref name=":0" />Kwa bophirima, dithaba tsa Fizi Baraka di kwa godimo ga noka.<ref>Doyle, Mark (25 November 2004). [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4036605.stm "Retracing Che Guevara's Congo Footsteps".] ''BBC News''. Retrieved 14 January 2013</ref> Borogo jwa Concord, borogo jo boleele go gaisa mo Burundi, bo kgabaganya noka gaufi le molomo wa yone. <ref>Murison, Katharine (ed.). ''Africa South of the Sahara'' (32nd ed.). Europa Publications. p. 147. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-131-5|<bdi>978-1-85743-131-5</bdi>.]]</ref>Dinoka tsa Ruzizi di akaretsa Nyamagana, Muhira, Kaburantwa, Kagunuzi, Rubyiro le Ruhwa, gareng ga tse dingwe.<ref>[http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=-3.364167,29.267778&z=12&t=R&marker0=-3.364167,29.267778,Ruzizi%20River "Acme Mapper (terrain)".] Acme Labs. Retrieved 14 January 2013.</ref> Noka ya Ruzizi, e e elelang kwa borwa go tsena mo Letsheng la Tanganyika, ke karolo ya karolo e e kwa godimo ya Noka ya Congo. Babatlisisi ba lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga ba kwa Boritane ba ba jaaka Richard Francis Burton le John Hanning Speke, ba ba neng ba sa tlhomamisege gore Ruzizi e elela kae, ba ne ba akanya gore e ka tswa e elela kwa bokone go tswa mo letsheng go ya kwa White Nile. Patlisiso ya bone le dipatlisiso tse di neng tsa dirwa morago ga moo ke David Livingstone le Henry Morton Stanley di ne tsa supa gore go ne go sa nna jalo. Noka ya Ruzizi e elela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika, le le elelang mo Nokeng ya Lukuga e e ka nnang dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120) (75 mi) kwa borwa jwa Ujiji. Noka ya Lukuga e elela go ya kwa bophirima go ya kwa Nokaneng ya Lualaba, e e leng nngwe ya dinoka tse dikgolo tse di elelang go tswa kwa Congo.<ref>Ondaatje, Christoper (1998). [[iarchive:journeytosourceo00onda/page/166|''Journey to the Source of the Nile''.]] Toronto: Harper Collins. p. 166. ISBN <bdi>978-0-00-200019-2</bdi>.</ref> == Thutafatshe == Go phatloga ga matlapa a lefatshe ka iketlo go dirile gore go nne le lekgwamolelo la Afrika Botlhaba le makhubu a lone a mantsi le matsha. Thulaganyo eno e e mo molelwaneng wa Plate ya Afrika (Plate ya Nubia) le Plate ya Somalia, e na le makala a mabedi, a a lebaganeng le bokone le borwa. Go kgaogana ga karolo ya bophirima, e e bidiwang Albertine Rift, go simolotse magareng ga dingwaga di le dimilione di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (25) le di le lesome (10) tse di fetileng.<ref name=":2">Danley, Patrick D.; Husemann, Martin; Ding, Baoqing; Dipietro, Lyndsay M.; Beverly, Emily J.; Peppe, Daniel J.; et al. (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3408716 "The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids".] ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''': 1–20. doi:10.1155/2012/574851. PMC 3408716. <nowiki>PMID 22888465</nowiki>.</ref>Noka ya Ruzizi e elela go bapa le kgaogano ya bophirima, e e akaretsang, go tswa kwa bokone go ya kwa borwa, matsha a Albert, George, Edward, Kivu, Tanganyika, Rukwa, Malawi, le a mangwe.<ref name=":2" /> Go tlhatloga ga metsi go go amanang le go phatloga ga metsi go ne ga fetola dikgolagano tsa metsi a a mo kgaolong eo. Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete le tse lesome le boraro (13 000) go ya go di le dikete tse ferangbongwe ( 9 000) tse di fetileng, go thunya ga lekgwamolelo go ne ga thibela letsha la Kivu go tswa mo metsing a Noka ya Nile.<ref name=":2" /> Go thunya ga lekgwamolelo go ne ga dira gore go nne le dithaba, go akaretsa le Virunga, tse di neng tsa tlhatloga fa gare ga Letsha la Kivu le Letsha la Edward, kwa bokone.<ref>Clark, J. D. (1969). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume] 1''. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 34. Retrieved 16 January 2013.</ref>Metsi a a tswang kwa Letsheng la Kivu a ne a patelediwa go ya kwa borwa kwa tlase ga Ruzizi.<ref name=":2" />Seno se ne sa dira gore metsi a [[Letsha la Tanganyika]] a tlhatlogele kwa godimo, mme a ne a tshologela kwa Nokeng ya Lukuga.<ref name=":2" />Diphetogo tsa go tlhatloga le tlelaemete di dirile gore Ruzizi le Lukuga di bulege le go tswala makgetlo a le mantsi fa e sale ka nako eo.<ref name=":2" /> == Motlakase wa Metsi == Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Ruzizi I se ne sa agiwa fa Noka ya Ruzizi e tswa mo Letsha la Kivu ka ngwaga wa 1958. Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Ruzizi II se ne sa okediwa ka ngwaga wa 1989.<ref name=":3">[http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/storyprint.asp?sc=2060823 "Sizing Up African Hydro"]. ''Water Power''. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2013</ref>Ruzizi I le II di tsamaisiwa ke khampani ya merafe e meraro (Burundi, Rwanda le Democratic Republic of Congo) e e leng ya Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries. Kopano e rulaganyetsa go aga matamo a mangwe a mabedi, Ruzizi III le Ruzizi IV.<ref name=":3" /> Ruzizi I e na le maatla a go tlhagisa motlakase wa dimekawate di ka nna masome a mararo (30) (MW) mme Ruzizi II yone e na le maatla a go tlhagisa motlakase wa dimekawate di ka nna masome a mane le bone (44). Ruzizi III, e e tla agiwang kwa tlase ga tse dingwe tse pedi, e solofetswe go nna le bokgoni jwa lekgolo le masome a mane le botlhano (145 MW) fa e simolola go dira mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa 2027. Jaaka karolo ya porojeke ya Ruzizi III, Ruzizi I le II di tlile go tlhabololwa. Fa e ka feleletsa e agilwe, Ruzizi IV e tla bewa magareng ga Ruzizi II le Ruzizi III mme e rulaganyeditswe go dira ka go feta makgolo a mabedi (200 MW).<ref name=":3" />Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le lesome le borataro (16) ka ngwaga wa 2020, African Development Bank e ne ya aba €8 million go thusa mo porojekeng ya motlakase wa metsi ya Ruzizi IV.<ref name=":4">[https://www.afrik21.africa/en/east-africa-afdb-grants-e8-million-for-the-ruzizi-iv-hydropower-project/ "EAST AFRICA: AfDB grants €8 million for the Ruzizi IV hydropower project".] ''Afrik 21''. 2020-01-16. Retrieved 2020-01-16</ref> Go solofetswe go tlamela ka makgolo a mabedi le masome a ferangbobedi le bosupa (287 MW )kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda le Burundi. <ref name=":4" /> == Diphologolo le dimela == Merwalela ya lotlhaka e tlwaelegile go bapa le karolo e e kwa tlase ya noka le melatswana ya yone. Gaufi le molomo wa noka, mafelo a a nang le dintshi tsa noka a bophara jwa dikilometara di le 3 (1.9 mi). Bogolo jwa mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana kwa Burundi bo lekanyeditswe go nna diheketara di le dikete tse lesome le bobedi (12 000) (diheketara di le 30 000) ka matlhaka a a farologaneng ka bogodimo go tloga go dimetara di le bobedi (2 )go ya go di le nne (4) (6,6 go ya go 13,1 ft), go ikaegile ka selekanyo sa go khurumediwa ga metsi. Baagi ba dirisa matlhaka ano go dira bojang le dilo tse dingwe tsa mo gae. Go tswa kwa nokeng, karolo e kgolo ya mokgatšha wa noka e e kwa tlase e na le bojang, bo jewa thata ke dikgomo<ref name=":1" />. Kwena e e itsegeng thata e e jang batho e e bidiwang Gustave, e nna mo dintshing tsa Noka ya Ruzizi le mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa bokone jwa Letsha la Tanganyika. Gustave, yo go fopholediwang gore o boleele jwa dimetara di le 6 le bokete jwa dikilogerama di le lmakgolo a ferangbongwe (900), go bolelwa fa a bolaile le go ja batho ba le bantsi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080805194947/http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/2008/02/gustave-update/michael-mcrae-text McRae, Michael. "Gustave the Croc Surfaces to Strike Again".] ''National Geographic'' (February 2008). Archived from the original on August 5, 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2013</ref>Mo filiming e e buang ka Gustave ("Capturing the Killer Croc"), sebui se bolela gore "Ka bo1950, dinare, ditlou le di- warthogs di ne di nna mo dipoeng; mme di ne tsa nyelediwa ka iketlo ke motho. Phologolo e le nngwe fela e e neng ya falola mo go tse dingwe tse dikgolo e ne e le phologolo ya naga. Mme di tshela le dikwena tsa Nile mo nokeng eno, di tshela mmogo ka tsela e e sa itumediseng". == Metswedi == q3gq5opr2f2udrml5ypv61mynhqukbz 0 13494 50627 50448 2026-06-13T12:53:34Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Orange|river_name=Kai Garib (Groote Rivier), Gariep, Senqu, Oranje, Igqili (isiZulu le isiiZhosa)|image_name=OrangeRiverUpington.jpg|caption=Letsatsi le phirima kwa nokeng ya Orange gaufi le Upington kwa [[Kapa Bokone]]|basin_countries=[[Lesotho]] [[Aforika Borwa]] [[Namibia]]|mouth=Alexander Bay|location=lewatle la Atlantic|length_km=2,432 km (1,511 mi)|discharge_m3/s=365 m3/s (12,900 cu ft/s)|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Caledon]] [[Noka ya Vaal]] [[Noka ya Fish]] (kwa [[Namibia]]|elevation_m=3,350 m (10,990 ft)}} '''Noka ya Orange ('''e ka teme ya ''Afrikaans'' kgotsa Dutch e leng: '''Oranjerivier''') ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Ke noka e telele go di fitisa tsotlhe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Kgampu ya Orange, e e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bobedi, e tswa kwa Lesotho e tsena mo Aforika Borwa le [[Namibia]] go ya kwa bokone. E feta ka [[dithaba tsa Drankensberg]] kwa [[Lesotho]], e elelela kwa bophirima e feta ka Aforika Borwa go ya lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka e ke bontlha bongwe jwa melelwane ya mafatshefatshe gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Lesotho le gareng ga [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Namibia]], ga mmogo le le melelwane ya dikgaolo di le mmalwa mo Aforika Borwa. Ga e fete ka ditoropo dipe tse ditona kwa ntle ga ya [[Upington]]. Noka ya Orange e na le seabe se setona mo itsholelong ya Aforika Borwa ka go ntsha metsi a go nosetsa le go fetlha motlakase. Noka e, e reeletswe ka lolwapa lwa Dutch lwa segosi lwa House of Orange, e fiwa leina le ke motsamai wa Dutch Robert Jacob Gordon. Maina a mangwe a akaretsa lefoko le le rayang noka fela, ka puo ya Khoekhoegowab le kwalwa e le !Garib, le ka Afrikaans le ranolwang e le Gariep,<ref>Travel, Wild Africa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031736/http://www.wildafricatravel.com/home/country-overview/southern-region/orange-river/ "Wild Africa Travel: Orange River".] ''www.wildafricatravel.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031736/http://www.wildafricatravel.com/home/country-overview/southern-region/orange-river/ the original] on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Groote kgotsa noka ya Senqu (kwa Lesotho), go tswa mo lefokong bontsho.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161213081531/https://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/intro.aspx "Orange River Basin".] ''www.dwa.gov.za''. Archived from [https://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/intro.aspx the original] on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> E itsiwe ka puo ya [[Sezulu|Se Zulu]] e le isAngqu.<ref>Doke, C.M (1972). ''Zulu-English Dictionary'' (in English and Zulu). Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press. p. 11. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-85494-027-8|<bdi>0-85494-027-8</bdi>.]]</ref> == Go tsamaya ga yone == [[Setshwantsho:Orange River basin map.svg|left|thumb|Motsamao wa noka ya Orange, noka ya Caledon le noka ya Vaal. Mmepe o o supa Molelwane wa kelelo ya metsi. Kgampu ya Kalahari ga e a akarediwa ka metswedi mengwe ere ga e ise kwa dinokeng tse dingwe. Metswedi e mengwe e supa kgampu e e akaretsa dikarolo dingwe tsa [[Botswana]] (ka jalo le tsa Kalahari).]] Noka ya Orange e ya kwa godimo kwa dithabeng tsa Drankensberg mo molelwaneng wa Aforika Borwa le Lesotho, dikhilomithara di ka nna lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro kwa bophirimwa jwa lewatle la Indian, e le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le dikete tharo. Lefelo le noka e e leng kwa godimo thata kwa Lesotho go bidiwa Senqu. Dintlha dingwe tsa noka ya Senqu di a gatsela ka mariga ka ntlha ya go nna kwa godimo. Se se baka komelelo kwa tlase ga noka, mo go amang thata go nna teng ga dipodi le dikgomo.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260506034950/https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River "Orange River | Physical Features & Exploration | Britannica".]''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived from [https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River the original] on 6 May 2026. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Orange e tlaa bo e elelela kwa bophirima e kgabaganya Aforika Borwa, e tlhama tsela ya borwa-bophirima jwa kgaolo ya [[Foreistata|Free State]]. Mo kgaolong e, noka e elelela pele kwa [[Letamo la Gariep|letamong la Gariep]] morago e ye kwa letamong la vanderkloof. Go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa Lesotho go ya kwa tlase ga letamo la Vanderkloof, noka e epegile thata. Kwa tlase gape, lefatshe le papetla, noka e dirisiwa thata mo go nosetseng.<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/place/orange-river "Orange River | South African History Online"]. ''sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Kwa bophirima jwa [[Foreistata|Free State]], kwa borwa bophirima kwa [[Kimberley]], noka ya Orange e kopana le noka e e tshelang thata mo go yone ya Vaal, e e dirang bontlha jo bogolo jwa molelwane o o kwa bokone jwa kgaolo. Go tswa fa, noka e elelela kwa bophirima e feta sekgwa se se omeletseng sa borwa jwa kgaolo ya Kalahari le Namaqualand kwa [[Kapa Bokone]] go kopana le Namibia kwa boleleeleng jwa lefatshe jwa 20 degrees kwa botlhaba. Go tswa fa, e elelela kwa bophirima dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano, e tlhama molelwane wa mafatshefatshe gareng ga kgaolo e le kgaolo ya Namibia ya Karas. Noka e ka kgabaganngwa kwa Vioolsdrif kgotsa Noordoewer, kgotsa Alexander Bay kgotsa molelwane wa Orangemund fa o tlola ka tsela le kwa molelwaneng wa Sendlingsdrif fa o tlola ka sekepe. Mo dikhilomithareng tse di makgolo a robabobedi tsa bofelo tsa motsamao wa yone, noka ya Orange e amogela metsi go tswa mo melatswaneng (e tshwana le noka ya Fish), le mekgatshanyana e le mmalwa e metona e ya kwa go yone. Mo kgaolong e, [[sekaka sa Namib]] se felela kwa bokone jwa lotshitshi lwa noka, ka jalo, ka tlwaelesego, selekanyo sa metsi a a okediwang ke dinoka tse se sennye thata. Fa, moalo wa noka o epegile thata gape. [[Diphororo tsa Augrabies]] di mo ntlheng e ya noka ya Orange, kwa noka e yang kwa teng di mithara di le masome matlhano le borataro sebaka sa dikhilomithara di le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":1">[https://www.cedarberg-travel.com/destination/south-africa/northern-cape/augrabies-falls-national-park/ "Augrabies Falls National Park, South Africa - Cedarberg Africa".] ''www.cedarberg-travel.com''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Noka ya Orange e tshela kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gareng ga ditoropo tse dipotlana tsa Oranjemund kwa Namibia le Alexander Bay kwa Aforika Borwa, sebaka se se lekanang le fa gare ga [[Walvis Bay]] le [[Cape Town]]. Molomo wa noka ya Orange ke lefelo le le tletseng dimela tse di farologaneng gape le na le mefuta ya dinonyane e le masome a matlhano le bosupa fa dinonyane ka bongwe ka bongwe tse di gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1985 di le dikete di le masome mabedi, makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boraro go tsena dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro, makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boraro. Ke lefelo le le makgobokgobo le le leng botlhokwa go ya ka tumalano ya mafatshefatshe ya 1971 kwa Ramsar, Iran, ka e le lengwe la mafelo a se kae a a makgobokgobo mo lotshitshing lo lo omeletseng kwa Borwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>Anderson, Mark D; Kolberg, Holger; Anderson, P Corné; Dini, John; Abrahams, Abe (September 2003). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/00306520309485389 "Waterbird populations at the Orange River mouth from 1980–2001: a re-assessment of its Ramsar status".] ''Ostrich''. '''74''' (3–4): 159–172. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Ostri..74..159A 2003Ostri..74..159A.] doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520309485389 10.2989/00306520309485389.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0030-6525 0030-6525.]</ref> Dikhilomithara di le masome mararo le boraro go tswa mo molomong wa yone, e fitlhilwe ke metsi a a elelang ka bontsi le motlhaba ebile ga e tsamaege ka sebaka se seleele. Noka e, e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bobedi.<ref name=":0" /> === Dikgaolo tse e isang metsi kwa go tsone le pula === Ka paka ya komelelo, selekanyo sa metsi mo nokeng se ya kwa tlase thata ka ntlha ya go elela mo go ntsi le go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi. Kwa motsweding wa noka ya Orange, pula e na ka bokete jwa di mili mithara di le dikete pedi ka ngwaga, mme pula e a fokotsega fa noka e elelela kwa bophirima; kwa molomong wa yone, pula e kwa tlase ga di milimithara di le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga. Dintlha tse di bakang go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi di oketsegela kwa pele kwa bophirima. Ka paka ya metsi (selemo), noka ya Orange e nna morwalela o mosetlha. Motlhaba o montsi o o mo metsing o gomagometsa matshosetsi a lobaka lo loleele mo diporojekeng tse di mo nokeng e.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 |title=The Northern Ephemeral Rivers of the Orange-Senqu River Basin^&#91;''p'' |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525164125/http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lefelo le noka ya Orange e isang metsi kwa go lone (le akaretsa Vaal) le sephara sa dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabongwe, makgolo a supa le boraro, ka jalo le lekana le 77% wa lefatshe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] (dikhilomithara di le sedikadike, dikete di le makgolo mabedi, masome a mabedi le bongwe). Le fa go ntse jalo, dikhilomithara di le dikete di le tharo, makgolo a marataro le borataro jwa mafelo ao a kwa ntle ga lefatshe kwa [[Lesotho]], [[Botswana]] le [[Namibia]].<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/place/orange-river "Orange River | South African History Online".] ''sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Dinoka tse di tshelang mo Orange === * [[Noka ya Vaal]] - dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a matlhano le borobabobedi * [[Noka ya Caledon]] - dikhilomithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mane le bobedi * [[Noka ya Khubelo]] - dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le bone === Matamo === * [[Letamo la Armenia]] * [[Letamo la Egmont]] * [[Letamo la Gariep]] * [[Letamo la Newberry]] * [[Letamo la Vanderkloof]] * [[Letamo la Welberdacht]] == Ditso == === Leina === Bangwe ba banni ba ntlha koo pele ga bokolone ba ne ba bitsa noka e Nū!arib, ba raya bontsho jwa yone, kgotsa dinako tse dingwe bare ke Kai !Arib ("Noka e kgolo"), lefoko le le tswang mo temeng ya Afrikaans ya Gariep,<ref>the surrounding area was once known as "Transgariep" ("the land across the Gariep") but the name has long been obsolete. See Karel Schoeman, ''Early White Travellers in the Transgariep, 1819-1840'', Protea Boekhuis, 2012 (ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781869190163|<bdi>9781869190163</bdi>)]]</ref> e ranolwa gotwe "Groote Rivier".<ref name=":1" /> Leina la teme ya Dutch la noka e la pele e ne e le thanolo eo fela, Groote Rivier, go yara noka e kgolo. Noka e biditswe Noka ya Orange ke Colonel Robert Gordon, mookamedi wa sesole wa kompone ya United East India kwa Cape Town, mo loetong lwa go ya kwa teng ga Cape Town ka 1779.<ref name=":1" /> Gordon o reeletse noka e ka William V wa Orange. Tumelo e e seng boammaruri mme e tlwaelesegile ke ya gore noka e,e reilwe leina ka ntlha ya mmala o o borokwa wa yone, o o sa tshwaneng le wa e e tshelang mo go yone ya Vaal, e e tsayang leina la yone mo go Hai!arib "noka e e phatsimang". Fa e sale ka phelelo ya puso ya tlhaolele, leina Gariep le dirisitswe thata mo dipuisanong kwa Aforika Borwa, le ntswa leina Orange le itsege thata mo mafatsheng a mangwe.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa Lesotho kwa noka e yang kwa godimo teng, e itsege ka leina la noka ya Senqu, le tswa mo leineng la pele la Khoemana. [[Setshwantsho:Orange River Panorama.jpg|thumb|Tshupo e e tserweng kwa noka e obegang teng ka godimo ga thaba, ka nako ya morwalela ka ntlha ya dipula tse di namagadi]] Komiti ya maina a tsa tikolo ya kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]] e supile kgatlhego mo maikelelong a go fetola leina go tswa mo go la bokolone, mo bontlheng joo jwa noka jo bo dirang molelwane garenng ga kgaolo ya [[Kapa Botlhaba]] le [[Foreistata|Free State]], dikakanyetso e nnile IGqili kgotsa Senqu.<ref>"New name looms for NC River". ''Diamond Fields Advertiser''. 13 June 2013. p. 11.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/sa-statement-by-afriforum-civil-rights-organisation-objects-to-proposed-name-change-of-orange-river-06062013-2013-06-06 "Statement by Afriforum on proposed name change of Orange River"]. ''Polity''. 6 June 2013.</ref> Kgatlhego e e tsentswe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya Aliwal Weekblad e supa fa leina la gompieno le amana thata le ditso tsa go gatelelwa mo bokoloneng ka jalo ga le a tshwanela go ka bo le ntse le dirisiwa gompieno.<ref name=":2" /> === Grootslang === Mo mainaneng a Aforika Borwa, Noka ya Orange e amanngwa le Grootslang, selo se se tshwanang le noga e tona, e gantsi e amangwang le diteemane tsa noka eo. Go tlhalosiwa fa Grootslang e tshelela mo logageng lo lo tletseng ditswammung lo lo kopaneng le noka ya Orange ka phaepe e diteemane di tsenang mo nokeng ka yone ka bonya ka bonya.<ref name=":3">Green, Lawrence G. (1948). ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.54893|Where Men Still Dream]]''. Standard Press Ltd., Cape Town. pp. 125–126.</ref> Mafelo a mangwe a go bolelwang e le a go nnang setshedi se teng a akaretsa letangwana le le kwa tlase ga King George kwa diphororong tsa Aughrabies, kwa le gone go bolelwang e le motswedi wa diteemane,<ref name=":3" /> le lejwe le letona mo gare ga noka. Mo polelong e, go bolelwa fa Grootslang e e ja dikgomo mo lotshitshing lwa noka.<ref>Cornell, F. C. (1920). ''[[iarchive:glamourprospect00corngoog|The Glamour of Prospecting]]''. T. Fisher Unwin Ltd., London. p. 142.</ref> == Itsholelo == [[Setshwantsho:Orange River at Aliwal North.jpg|thumb|Borogo jwa Hertzof kwa godimo ga noka ya Orange kwa molelwaneng o o kwa borwa bophirima jwa Free State: ela tlhoko masalela a borogo jwa Frere mo molemeng]] Ka e le kwa bontsi jwa metsi a Aforika Borwa a yang teng, noka ya Orange e na le seabe se setona mo go tsa temothuo, madirelo le meepo. Go thusa ka se, go dirilwe diporojeke tse pedi tse ditona, porojeke ya Noka ya Orange le porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho. Mo ditsong, noka e ne e na le seabe se setona mo diteemaneng tsa Aforika Borwa, diteemane tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe di bonwe mo motlhabeng wa Noka ya Orange. gompieno, meepo e e rekisang diteemane e direla mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange le gaufi le molomo wa yone, fa ditetla tsa lookwane le gase di neetswe dikompone di le dintsi.<ref>Sowman, Merle; Sunde, Jackie; Lambrecht, Michael (2023). [https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the West Coast of South Africa".] ''One Ocean Hub''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go nna teng ga diphologolo tse di borai le metsi a a kwa godimo ka selemo, noka e dirisiwa go itlosa bodutu ga go kgweetsa mekoro. Go kgweetsa mekoro kwa nokeng ya Orange go tumile thata mo dikompone dingwe di dirisang dikampa tsa tsone mo lotshitshing lwa noka go berekela teng. Maeto a a tumileng thata ke lwa malatsi a mane le lwa malatsi a marataro mo nokeng go bapa le mogogoro kgotsa kwa tlase ga diphororo tsa Augrabies kgotsa go bapisa lefelo la Richtersveld.<ref>[https://orangeriverrafting.com/adventures/4-day-orange-river-adventure/ "4-Day Orange River Adventure".] ''Orange River Rafting''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> === Porojeke ya Noka ya Orange === Porojeke ya Noka ya Orange ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse ditona tsa mofuta oo kwa Aforika Borwa. E simolotswe ke puso ya ga Hendrik Verwoerd ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele. Porojeke e e diretswe go dirisa metsi a noka ya Orange gotswela batho mosola - mo kwa ntle ga noka ya Vaal, e leng 14.1% fela ya metsi a Aforika borwa - mo go ne go dira gore go kgone go fitlhelelwa seelo sa letlhoko la metsi kwa Aforika Borwa. Maikaelelo magolo a porojeke e ne e le go:<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River/People-and-economy#ref418184 "Orange River - People, Economy, Borders | Britannica".] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/esploro/outputs/doctoral/To-provide-for-the-supply-and/9942601307691 "Research Portal".] ''ujcontent.uj.ac.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> * go ritibatsa go ela ga noka * go fetlha motlakase wa metsi * go nna le motswedi wa metsi mo badirising ba kwa kgampung ya noka ya Orange, le * go dira gore go nne le metsi kwa mafelong a a tlhaelelwang ke metsi kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], jaaka mekgatsha ya Great Fish le Sundays. Letamo la Gariep gaufi le Colesberg ke kago ya boremelelo e e bayang metsi kwa nokeng ya Orange. Go tswa fa, metsi a isiwa kwa mafelong a mabedi, kwa bophirima mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange go ya kwa letamong la Vanderkloof le kwa borwa go kgabaganya mosele wa Orange-Fish kwa Kapa botlhaba.<ref>[https://www.places.co.za/info/tourist-attraction/orange-river-information.html "Orange River - Tourist Information".] ''SA Places''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> ==== Motlakase wa metsi ==== [[Setshwantsho:GariepDam.jpg|left|thumb|[[Letamo la Gariep]] ke lone le letona thata mo nokeng ya Orange kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], ke bontlha jo bo botlhokwa jwa porojeke ya Orange.]] [[Eskom]] e na le metshine e e fetlhang motlakase kwa letamong la Gariep le la Vanderkloof. Motshine o o kwa letamong la Vanderkloof ke one wa ntlha kwa Aforika Borwa go diriwa kwa tlase ga lefatshe. Ditoropo tsa Oviston le Oranjekrag di tlhametswe go dira gore nne le kago le tiriso ya dikago tse disha.<ref>[https://www.eskom.co.za/heritage/vanderkloof-power-station/ "Vanderkloof Power Station - Heritage".] ''www.eskom.co.za''. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Scenery photo by Siloam Village Gariep.JPG|thumb|Botlhaba jwa letamo kwa Oviston]] === Go nosetsa === [[Setshwantsho:Irrigation Project along the Orange River.jpg|left|thumb|Diporojeke di le mmalwa mo lotshitshing lwa noka]] [[Setshwantsho:Orange River Wine Farm.jpg|thumb|masimo a moretlwa kwa nokeng ya Orange]] Go agiwa ga matamo a Gariep le Vanderkloof go dirile gore go kgone go nosediwa ga lefatshe la diheketara di le dikete tsa temothuo lwa letamong la Vandekloof. Diporojeke tse dikgologolo tsa go nosetsa jaaka tsa Buchuberg, Upington, [[Kakamas]] le [[Vioolsdrift]] le tsone di anywile sengwe ka ntlha ya gore go laola tsamaiso ya metsi jaanong go a kgonega. Mo letlhakoreng la Namibia la noka, masimo a Aussenkehr a ntsha meretlwa ka thuso ya metsi a a tswang mo nokeng ya Orange.<ref>[https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/irrigation-project-along-the-orange-river-43035/ "Irrigation Project along the Orange River - NASA Science"]. 7 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di sa tswang go feta, mafelo a a dirang mofine mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange a botlhokw thata. Go nosetsa kwa Kapa Botlhaba le gone go ile magoletsa, eseng ka gore metsi a oketsegile fela, mme gape e le ka gore a oketsegile boleng. Kwa ntle ga tokafalo e, balemi ba dinamune le losika lwa yone mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Sundays ba ka bo ba tsweletse ka go latlhegelwa.<ref>[https://news.wine.co.za/news.aspx?NEWSID=44771 "Wine in the desert"]. ''wine.co.za''. 30 January 2025. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.gfrwua.com/scheme "The Scheme"]. ''GFRWUA''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho === Porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho e ne e tlhamelwa go tlatsa metsi a noka ya Vaal. Metsi a a isiwa kwa Aforika Borwa ka mosele o o fetang kwa tlase ga molelwane wa Lesotho le Aforika Borwa kwa nokeng ya Caledon le kwa tlase ga noka ya Little Caledon kwa borwa jwa Clarens kwa Free State, e tshela metsi kwa nokeng ya Ash dikhilomithara di le masome mararo kwa bokone. Porojeke e ne ya kgonagala fa letlhoko la metsi kwa Guateng le ya kwa seelong se se neng se sa kgone go fitlhelelwa ke diporojeke tse dingwe jaaka ya Tugela le Vaal, e e neng e dirisa letamo la Sterkfonteingaufi le Harrismith kwa Free State.<ref>[https://www.internetgeography.net/geotopics/lesotho-large-scale-water-transfer-scheme-case-study/ "Lesotho Large-Scale Water Transfer Scheme Case Study".] ''Internet Geography''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Diteemane tse di kgwilweng ke metsi === Ka ngwaga wa 1867, teemane ya ntlha go bonwa kwa Aforika Borwa, [[teemane ya Eureka]],e bonwe gaufi le Hopetown mo nokeng ya Orange. Morago ga dingwaga tse pedi, teemane e kgolwane e e itsegeng e le [[naledi ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne ya bonwa mo lefelong leo, se se baka gore batho ba le bantsi ba tabogele koo. Se se ne sa ema ka ntlha ya go tabogela meepo ya diteemane kwa [[Kimberley|Kimberly]] ka 1871, le ntswa diteemane di ne di ntse di bonwa kwa nokeng ya Orange. Gompieno, meepo e e rekisang e le mmalwa e berekela kwa bofelelong jwa noka, le kwa lotshitshing lwa molomo wa yone. Meepo ya diteemane e bereka gape fa gare ga noka. === Go kgweetsa mekoro === [[Setshwantsho:OrangeRiverRafting.jpg|thumb|Go kgweetsa mekoro ko nokeng ya Orange go tlwaelesegile mo bajanaleng]] Ka nako ya dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong, ka go a bo go le dipula tse di namagadi gape matamo a butswe, mokgweetsi wa mokoro o ka tsamaya sebakasa dikhilomithara di le masome mararo ka letsatsi. Boteng jwa noka bo tumile thatam ka gore go na le popego e ntle, Maeto a thekiso a teng, batho ba tswa kwa toropong ya molelwane wa Vioolsdrif. == Diphologolo tsa naga == [[Setshwantsho:Labeobarbus aeneus, Orange river, Richtersveld.jpg|thumb|Tlhapi ya smallmouth yellowfish ke tlhapi e e tlwaelesegileng thata e bonwa kwa nokeng ya Orange le Vaal fela.]] Noka ya Orange ga e na le diphologolo tse ditona. E kwa ntle ga lefelo le dikwena tsa Nile di nakwa go lone, le ntswa dikubu di kile tsa bo di le dintsi koo, di ne tsa tsomiwa go fitlhelela di fela ka lekgolo la dingwga di le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:Guy_C._Shortridge|Shortridge, Guy Chester]] (1934). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=aI6LyAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y The Mammals of South West Africa: A Biological Account of the Forms Occurring in that Region]''. W. Heinemann.</ref> Noka ya Orange ga e na ditshedi le dimela tse di kalo. Dipatlisiso go tswa ka 1995 go tsena 2001 kwa boteng jwa noka ya Orange di bone mefuta ya ditlhapi e le lesome le borobabongwe go tswa mo malwapeng a ditlhapi a le borobabobedi a a farologaneng. Mefuta e e seng ya lefelo leo e e gatisitsweng ke patlisiso e ke ya Cyprinus Carpio le Oreochromis mossambicus, tse tsa bofelo di oketsegile thata ka dingwaga tsa 1980<ref>Næsje, T. F.; Hay, C. J.; Nickanor, N.; Koekemoer, J.; Strand, R.; Thorstad, E. B. (2007). ''Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Lower Orange River, Namibia, from 1995 to 2001''. Trondheim: NINR. pp. 5–6. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-82-426-1791-0|<bdi>978-82-426-1791-0</bdi>.]]</ref> di simologa. Mofuta o mongwe o o tswang kgakala ke wa trout, o bonwa kwa nokeng e e kwa Lesotho. [[Setshwantsho:Augrabies - Twin Falls - 001.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Twin kwa Diphororong tsa Augrabies]] Mefuta e supa e bonwa fela mo mafaratlhatlheng a noka ya Vaal-Orange:<ref>Beekman, Hans E. (30 May 2006). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=MKWRJ7GOOM0C&pg=PA13&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Facing the Facts: Assessing the Vulnerability of Africa's Water Resources to Environmental Change''.] UNEP/Earthprint. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-807-2574-2|<bdi>978-92-807-2574-2</bdi>.]]</ref> * Rock-catfish * Maluti redfin * Namaquab barb * River Sardine * Smallmouth yellowfish * Largemouth yellowfish * Orange River mudfish == Metswedi == qa6f7z5o0an1amktm4hu5621lv40ygp 0 13495 50619 50449 2026-06-13T12:41:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50619 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Black iMfolozi Riverbed (31453687603).jpg|thumb|Noka e e batlileng e kgala ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016)]] '''Noka ya Black Umfolozi''' (Zulu: Imfolozi emnyama) ke nngwe ya dinoka tse pedi tse ditona tsa Noka ya Umfolozi [[KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu Natal]], Afrika Borwa. E bopa karolo ya Upper Umfolozi (Zulu)  -Lower Umfolozi e le kgaolo e e kwa tlase ga motswedi wa yone le [[White Umfolozi]]. Motswedi wa yone o mogolo o kwa kgaolong ya KwaMnyathi kwa Vryheid mme e elela mo dikgaolong tse dintsi kwa Zululand go fitlha e kopana le [[White Umfolozi]] gaufi le Hlabisa. == Letshwao == [[Setshwantsho:Black Umfolozi water.jpg|thumb|Go ga metsi mo motlhabeng]] Noka eno e bidiwa "e ntsho" ka ntlha ya maje a mantsho a a fitlhelwang mo tseleng ya yone. Imfolozi e kaya "zig-zag", e e bontshang tsela e noka eno e tsamayang ka yone. == Tsela == E elela ka Swart-Mfolozi, [[Ceza]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230326201230/http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/cezahospital.htm "Ceza Hospital"]. Kznhealth.gov.za. 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2017-05-01.</ref>Nongoma mme kwa bofelong e kopana le White Umfolozi gaufi le molelwane wa borwabotlhaba wa Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve go bopa Noka ya Umfolozi. Thangami Safari Spa le yone e mo lotshitshing lwa yone. <ref>[http://thangami.co.za/history/ "History".] Thangami. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-05-01.</ref>[[Empangeni]] le [[Mtubatuba]] ke mafelo a mabedi a magolo a a amanang le kgaolo ya Lower Umfolozi. == Ditso == Zwide, kgosi ya morafe o o maatla wa BaNdwandwe o ne a na le lefatshe la gagwe kwa bokone le kwa botlhaba jwa Noka ya Black Umfolozi.<ref>[http://thangami.co.za/history/ "History"]. Thangami. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2017-05-01.</ref> hu9lf3hd6flx8dvdr7rklgkkpkxttpz 0 13497 50621 50451 2026-06-13T12:42:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Mohokare|image_name=View from Old railway bridge..... - panoramio.jpg|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Caledon|basin_countries=[[Lesotho]]|location=[[Free State]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Orange]]|length_km=642 km|length_mi=399 mi|elevation=1,267 m (4,157 ft)}} '''Noka ya Caledon''' (ka Sesotho: Mohokare) ke noka e tona kwa legareng la [[Aforika Borwa]]. E boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a marataro masome a mane le bobedi, e tlhatloga kwa dithabeng tsa Drankensberg kwa molelwaneng wa [[Lesotho]], e elelela kwa borwa bophirima le kwa bophirimwa pele ga e kopana le [[noka ya Orange]] gaufi le Bethulie kwa borwa jwa [[Foreistata|Free State]]. Noka e pele e ne e filwe leina la Prinses Wilhelminas Rivier ka 1777, ke Colonel R J Gordon.<ref>Raper, P.E. (1987). ''[https://languagecentre.sun.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SaPlaceNamesDictionary1987.pdf Dictionary of South African Place Names]'' (PDF). p. 105.</ref> == Popego == Tlholego ya noka ya Caledon ke kwa e neng e le bonno jwa [[Qwaqwa]], gaufi lemolelwane wa [[Lesotho]], kwa borwa bophirima jwa Witsieshoek. E elelela kwa borwa bophirima kwa molelwaneng wa toropokgolo ya Lesotho ebong [[Maseru]]. E dira molelwane gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Lesotho pele ga e tsena kwa [[Foreistata|Free State]] kwa kgaolong ya Aforika Borwa. E tlaa bo e ya kwa bophirima pele ga e kopana le [[noka ya Orange]] gaufi le Bethulie kwa borwa jwa Free State pele ga e elelela kwa [[Letamo la Gariep|letamong la Gariep]]. Boleele jwa yone ke dikhilimothara di le makgolo a mane, masome a robabobedi, mokgatsha wa yone o itemogela go farologana ga bothitho.<ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Caledon-River "Caledon River".] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Lefatshe le le fa gare ga noka ya Caledon le noka ya Orange ke lefelo la itloso bodutu la Tussen-die-Riviere Reserve la diheketara di ledikete di le masome mabedi le bobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201127/https://www.places.co.za/html/tussen_die_riviere.html "Tussen Die Riviere Game Reserve"]. SA Places. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> == Noka == Noka e ke yone e e nosang Maseru, toropokgolo ya Lesotho, e e mo nokeng. Ka dinako tsa dipula tse d seng dintsi, go nna le tlhaelo ya metsi. Go thibela se, melatswana e le mmalwa e tlhamilwe ka dikago di tshwana le letamo la Muela le letamo la Meulspruit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003111/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverFSCaledon/CALEDONRiver_Dams%20.htm# "Caledon River - Dams".] Archived from [https://ewisa.co.za/ the original] on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> ka ngwaga wa 2003, metsi a ne a ntshiwa mo go yone go thibela komelelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310201737/http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2003/03102210461001.htm# "Drought".] Archived from [https://www.gov.za/ the original] on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Mokgatsha wa Caledon o botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa Basotho. Lefelo le, le ne le le lenamagadi ebile le kgona go lemiwa go sa nosediwe. Se se ne sa dira gore le eletsege la bo la nna dingwe tsa dilo tse di neng di baka kgotlhang gareng ga Basotho le Maburu.<ref>Coplan, David B. (2001). "A river runs through it: The meaning of the Lesotho‐free state border". ''African Affairs''. '''100''' (398): 81–116. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/afraf/100.398.81 10.1093/afraf/100.398.81.]</ref> Mmidi o lemiwa ka bontsi mo mokgatsheng wa Caledon.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 1jsr2mencdxr46hm9auua80vhy5sxd6 0 13509 50623 50466 2026-06-13T12:42:45Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50623 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:EwasoNgiroRiverKenya.jpg|thumb|Ewaso Ng'iro kwa Shaba National Reserve, kwa Kenya]] '''Ewaso Ng'iro''', e e bidiwang gape Ewaso Nyiro, ke noka kwa Kenya e e tlhatlogang kwa letlhakoreng la bophirima la Thaba ya Kenya mme e elela kwa bokone, morago kwa botlhaba mme kwa bofelong kwa borwa-botlhaba, e feta kwa Somalia kwa e kopanang le Noka ya Jubba teng.<ref>''Rough Guide Map Kenya'' (Map) (9 ed.). 1:900,000. Rough Guide Map. Cartography by World Mapping Project. Rough Guide. 2006. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-84353-359-6|<bdi>1-84353-359-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Leina la noka eno le tswa mo puong ya Maasai ya baagi ba lefelo leo, mme le kaya noka ya metsi a a borokwa kgotsa a a seretse. Kwa tlase, molatswana o o kgaogang kwa Somalia gape o bidiwa '''Lagh Dera.''' Lefelo le le kwa godimo la Noka ya Ewaso Ng'iro ke dikilometara di le 15 200.<ref>Makali, Samuel; Boniface Kiteme (September 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070524041456/http://www.netwas.org/newsletter/articles/2005/09/5 "The Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin, Kenya".] Network for Water and Sanitation. Archived from [http://www.netwas.org/newsletter/articles/2005/09/5 the original] on 2007-05-24. Retrieved 2007-06-21.</ref> Noka e na le metsi a a tswelelang ka ntlha ya dikgalase tse di mo Thabeng ya Kenya. Ewaso Ng'iro e fepa mo Letsheng la Ol Bolossat, letsha le le lengwe fela mo Kgaolong ya Nyandarua le Kenya e kgolo ya Bogare,<ref>Mulli, Thorn. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000172240/discovering-central-kenya-s-only-natural-lake "Discovering Central Kenya's only natural lake".] ''The Standard''. Retrieved 2019-02-23.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190223134934/https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/1190-156772-ghtyy1z/index.html "A wreath for Ewaso Ng'iro".] ''Daily Nation''. Archived from [https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/1190-156772-ghtyy1z/index.html the original] on 2019-02-23. Retrieved 2019-02-23.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190223184725/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/02/20/why-lake-that-feeds-ewaso-was-declared-protected-area_c1708470 "Why lake that feeds Ewaso was declared protected area"]. ''The Star, Kenya''. Retrieved 2019-02-23.</ref>mme e kgabaganya naga e le supa e e omileng go ya go e e omileng go sekae. E tlhomololwa ke diponagalo tse di farologaneng thata tsa fisiokerafi le mefuta mme e fetogile karolo ya motheo ya go tshela ga diphologolo tsa naga, mmogo le katoloso ya palo ya batho le ditlhabololo tsa loago le ikonomi. Metsi, motswedi o o lekanyeditsweng wa lefatshe o o tlametsweng ke kgaolo ya metsi ya Ewaso Ng’iro, ga a abiwe ka go sa lekalekane mo dikgaolong tsotlhe tse di kwa godimo le tse di kwa tlase tsa kgobokanyo ya metsi ka ntlha ya phesente e kgolo e e tlhokegang go tshegetsa mekgwa ya temothuo le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete.[citation needed] Ewaso Ng'iro kwa Lefelong la Bosetšhaba la Shaba, kwa Kenya Noka eno e gogela diphologolo tsa naga ka bontsi kwa mabopong a yone, mme seno se dira gore go nne le lefelo le le tala. Dipolokelo tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Samburu, Shaba le Buffalo Springs kwa Bokone jwa Kenya di tletse ka diphologolo tsa naga mo lefatsheng le le omileng, ka ntlha ya metsi a noka. Ka fa tlase ga Saricho, noka e atologa go tsena mo Motlhabeng wa Lorian, lefelo le legolo la mafelo a a metsi.<ref>R. H. Hughes, J. S. Hughes (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA194 ''A directory of African wetlands''.] IUCN. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2-88032-949-3|<bdi>2-88032-949-3</bdi>.]]</ref> Mefutafuta ya ikholoji go ralala kgobokanyo ya metsi e tlhomologile mo kgaolong ya metsi ya Ewaso Ng’iro ka tlhamalalo, ka e simolola kwa mafatsheng a a kwa godimo a a nang le maatla a temothuo a Thaba ya Kenya, gone kwa Lefelong la Thome la Kgaolo ya Nanyuki-Laikipia, se se rayang gore ntlha e e tlhomameng ya tshimologo ya noka eno e kwa motseng wa Thome o o kokoanyang Noka ya Naromorugen, kwa e bopilweng teng. Kenya, le Noka ya Ngarinyiru e e batlang metsi go tswa kwa Aberdares mme e elela mo godimo ga dikgaolo tse di latelang tse supa tse di omileng go ya go tse di omileng go sekae tsa Meru, Laikipia, Samburu, Isiolo, Wajir, Marsabit, le Garissa (Said le ba bangwe 14). Morago ga boipuso jwa Kenya, dikarolo tsa lefatshe tse di khurumeditsweng ke kgaolo ya metsi ya Ewaso Ng’iro di ne tsa sutisa bong go tswa mo baleming ba bokoloniale go ya kwa baleming ba bannye.[citation needed] Lefelo la kgobokanyo ya metsi le ne la nna motswedi o mogolo wa balemirui ba bannye go tshegetsa mekgwa ya bona ya temothuo le go tlhabolola tlhokego ya matshelo. == Go nna teng ga metswedi == African Development Fund (African Development Fund 6) e bolela jaana: "Metsi a a phepa a Kenya a a kgonang go dirisiwa gape a kwa tlase ga dikubita tsa dimetara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga, mme seno se dira gore e nne nngwe ya ya mafatshe a a tlhaelang metsi thata mo lefatsheng". Le fa Ewaso Ng - iro e le yone e tona go feta tse dingwe tse tlhano tse di nang le metsi kwa Kenya, mo dingwageng di le mmalwa tse di fetileng go nnile le tlhaelo ya metswedi ya tlholego. 5). === Phetogo ya Tlelaemete === Melatswana e e elelang mo lefelong leno e simolotse go omelela ka iketlo, segolobogolo ka dipaka tse di omileng tsa ngwaga (Mutiga, Su, le Woldai 102). Diphetogo tse dingwe tse di jaaka "diphetogo tse di sa tlhomamang tsa pula le selekanyo sa yone le go fokotsega ga metsi a a tshologang ka nako ya fa go na le metsi a mannye" le tsone di na le ditlamorago tse di masisi mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa kgaolo ya metsi ya Ewaso Ng ⁇ iro (Aeschbacher, Liniger le Weingartner 155,156). Lefelo la go gelela metsi le fitlhelwa thata mo mafelong a a omeletseng go ya go a seka-omileng mo go bonalang pula e fokotsegile mo dingwageng tse di fetileng. Ka ntlha ya gore go se lekalekane ga metsi go fetogile bothata jo bo raraaneng, bokgoni jwa go tshegetsa dimela le diphologolo tsa naga tsa tikologo bo tla fokotsega, mme batho le ditlhabololo ba tla lebana le dikgwetlho tse di tsweletseng tsa go tsweletswa. Evapotranspiration Tiragalo e e umakilweng fa godimo e ka nna ya golaganngwa le maemo a evapotranspiration mo sedibeng, le fa go ntse jalo, go bona tekanyetso e e tlhamaletseng ya phapanyetsano ya maatla e itshupile e le tiro e e thata le e e raraaneng. [ citation needed ] == Tikologo e e sireletsegileng == Kgaolo ya metsi ya Ewaso Ng ⁇ iro e na le mefutafuta ya ditshedi go tloga kwa mafelong a a kwa godimo a Thaba ya Kenya go ya kwa mafelong a a omileng go ya kwa mafelong a a omileng go le gonnye. Thulaganyo nngwe le nngwe ya ikholoji e na le seabe se se tlhomologileng mo lefatsheng le mo bathong ba Kenya fa ba ntse ba dirisana mmogo go fitlhelela tekatekano e e tla nnelang ruri. === Lefelo le le bongola === Di-ecosystem tsa mafatshe a metsi tse di leng mo dikgaolong tse di kwa godimo tsa Thaba ya Kenya di tlamela ka thulaganyo ya tlholego ya go sefa metsi, mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela le diphologolo, le dikotla tsa mefuta e mengwe yotlhe le di-ecosystem. Ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga batho, mafatshe a metsi a Kenya a senyegile, mme ditheo di fetogile sekgoreletsi se segolo mo ditirelong tsa tikologo. Agro-ecosystem Di-agro-ecosystems di tlwaelegile mo ditlhabololong mo dikgaolong tse di kwa godimo tsa Ewaso Ng ⁇ iro mme di thusa ka dijo tse di tlhokegang go tshegetsa diphologolo tsa naga, leruo, gammogo le batho. Ka go tshegetsa le go tshegetsa ditikologo tsotlhe tse di farologaneng go ralala Ewaso Ng ⁇ iro, e tla letla tikologo go gola ka tlhago ka fa go ka kgonegang ka teng. Dikhuduego mo dithulaganyong tsa tikologo di tla ama kgolo le tswelelo ya mefuta e mengwe. == Metswedi == ea4zzepwtimuz5npkj8mjsczn9gtgxk 0 13516 50626 50473 2026-06-13T12:50:40Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50626 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mzingwane above Fultons Drift 02 03 07.JPG|thumb|Noka ya Mzingwane kwa godimo ga Fulton's Drift (tsela e e kgabaganyang), gaufi le Beitbridge, Zimbabwe]] '''Noka ya Mzingwane''', e e neng e itsege jaaka '''Noka ya Umzingwane''' kgotsa '''Noka ya Umzingwani,''' ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di tona tse di fa thoko ga [[noka ya Limpopo]] kwa Zimbabwe. E elela gaufi le Fort Usher, Matobo District, borwa jwa [[Bulawayo]] mme e elela mo Nokeng ya Limpopo gaufi le Beitbridge, kwa tlase ga molomo wa [[Noka ya Shashe]] le kwa godimo ga molomo wa [[Noka ya Bubye.]] == Maranyane a metsi == Noka ya Mzingwane ke noka ya nakwana e e elelang fela mo dikgweding tse pula e nang ka tsone (November go ya go March), mme bontsi jwa metsi a elela magareng ga kgwedi ya Sedimonthole le ya Tlhakole, kwa ntle ga fa e fetotswe ke ditiro tsa matamo. <ref>Love, D., Uhlenbrook, S., Nyabeze, W., Owen, R.J.S., Twomlow, S., Savenije, H., Woltering, L. and van der Zaag, P. 2005. Modelling of hydrological change for IWRM planning: case study of the Mzingwane River, Limpopo Basin, Zimbabwe. In: Abstract Volume, 6th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, Ezulwini, Swaziland, November 2005, p31.[https://web.archive.org/web/20180617084831/http://www.uniswa.sz/water2005/papers.htm <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]</ref>Noka e na le seabe sa 9.3% ya palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya metsi a a elelang go tswa mo Limpopo Basin, e e dirang gore e nne noka ya boraro e kgolo go feta e e elelang go tswa mo Limpopo Basin. <ref>Görgens, A.H.M.; Boroto, R.A. (1997). ''Limpopo River: flow balance anomalies, surprises and implications for integrated water resources management''. Proceedings of the 8th South African National Hydrology Symposium. Pretoria.</ref> Dinoka tse di ditona sa Noka ya Mzingwane di akaretsa Insiza, Inyankuni, Ncema, Umchabezi (e se ke ya tlhakatlhakanngwa le Mtshabezi) le dinoka tsa Mtetengwe Noka e e kwa tlase ya Mzingwane ke mosele o o tletseng motlhaba, o o nang le mafelo a mantsi a a nang le metsi a a kwa tlase mo moseleng wa noka le ka fa tlase ga dipoa tse di nang le metsi a a kwa tlase. Go fopholediwa gore metswedi ya metsi e e ka nnang teng mo mafelong ano a a nang le metsi a mantsi e ka nna magareng ga 175 000 le 5 430 000 ya dikhubiki metara (6,200 000 le 191,800 000 ya dikhubiki metara) mo ditseleng le magareng ga 80 000 le 6 920 000 ya dikhubiki metara (2 800 000 le 244 400 000 ya dikhubiki metara) mo dipoeng. Ga jaana, dingwe tsa di aquifers tse di dirisiwa go tlamela metsi a a dirisediwang mo gae, go nosetsa leruo le ditanka tsa go ina, nosetso ya kgwebo le go dira ditshingwana. <ref>Moyce, W., Mangeya, P., Owen, R. and Love, D. 2006. Alluvial aquifers in the Mzingwane Catchment: their distribution, properties, current usage and potential expansion. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 31, 988–994. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.013 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]</ref> == Ditoropo == Metse e e fa tlase e rulagantswe go tloga kwa noka e simololang teng go ya kwa e felelang teng: * Motsana wa Mbalabala * Toropo ya Gwanda * Motse wa West Nicholson Toropo ya Beitbridge e dikilometara di ka nna thataro kwa botlhaba jwa motswedi wa Noka ya Bubye le Noka ya Limpopo mo molelwaneng wa Aforika Borwa. E ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe ( 1929).<ref>"Beitbridge". Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20161106111813/http://www.zimbabwe.8m.com/zimbei.html the original] on 2016-11-06. Retrieved 2012-03-18.</ref> == Marogo le dikgogedi == [[Setshwantsho:Bertie Knott Bridge.jpg|thumb|Bertie Knott Bridge mo nokeng ya Mzingwane gaufi le Beitbridge.]] Go na le marogo a le mane a matona mo nokeng ya Mzingwane: * Borogo jo bo mo tseleng e kgolo ya Bulawayo - Beitbridge, magareng ga Esigodini le Mbalabala, kwa tlase ga letamo la Mzingwane. Gape go na le borogo jwa seporo. * Borogo jo bo mo tseleng e tona ya Mbalabala - Masvingo. * Borogo jo bo mo tseleng e tona ya Bulawayo - Beitbridge kwa West Nicholson, kwa tlase ga noka ya Insiza. Gape go na le borogo jwa seporo. * Bertie Knott Bridge, mo tseleng go tswa kwa Beitbridge go ya kwa Shashe Irrigation Scheme, gaufi le molomo. Gape go na le diforo di le mmalwa, tse di akaretsang: * Ditselana tse pedi tse di kwa godimo ga West Nicholson mo ditseleng tsa Silalabuhwa le Mosholomoshe. * Doddieburn ford, e e kwa tlase ga West Nicholson. * Gems Drift, gaufi le Beitbridge. * Fulton's Drift, gaufi le Beitbridge. == Tlhabololo == Lefelo le go tshologang metsi mo go lone la letamo la Zhovhe, gaufi le Beitbridge. Mo godimo ga matamo a mannye, go na le matamo a mabedi a magolo mo nokeng ya Mzingwane: * Letamo la Mzingwane, le le agilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi, le na le bokgoni jwa go tlamela ka metsi jwa MCM di le masome a mane le bobedi (dimilione tsa dikhubiki metara). E gaufi le motswedi wa noka mme e tlamela motse wa Bulawayo ka metsi. * Letamo la Zhovhe, le le agilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1995), le na le bokgoni jwa go tlamela ka lekgolo le masome a mararo le borataro MCM. E gaufi le motswedi wa Noka ya Limpopo mme e tlamela metsi a go nosetsa kwa Beitbridge. Mafelo a mangwe a matamo a lemogilwe kwa Glassblock le Oakley Block, fela ga go ise go rulaganngwe gore a tla agiwa. <ref>Chibi, T.; Kandori, C.; Makone, B.F. (2005). ''Mzingwane Catchment Outline Plan''. Bulawayo: Zimbabwe National Water Authority.</ref> Go na le porojeke e e ntseng e tsweletse ya go aga phaephe go tswa kwa godimo ga Noka ya Mtshabezi (e se ka ya tlhakatlhakanngwa le Noka ya Umchabezi) go ya kwa [[Letamong la Mzingwane.]] == Metswedi == 5a9v0udjh8ag1ozhqldrzpakw780srg 0 13524 50646 50482 2026-06-13T15:04:17Z KatieKea 10150 50646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zimbabwe Women's Bureau''' ('''ZWB''') ke mokgatlho o o seng wa puso wa kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe (NGO) o o tlhomilweng ka 1978. O tlhomilwe ke barutegi ba bantsho ba Rhodesia, balweladitshwanelo, le basadi ba dikgwebo go lemosa basadi, mme o fetogile go nna mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba. Mananeo a one a tsepamisitse mogopolo mo matshelong, temothuo e e tswelelang, phetogo ya loapi, le tshiamiso ya loago.<ref name="IUCN">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Women's Bureau |url=https://iucn.org/our-union/members/iucn-members/zimbabwe-womens-bureau |access-date=19 February 2025 |website=IUCN}}</ref> == Ditso == ZWB e tlhomilwe ka 1978 jaaka maiteko a go "lemosa basadi mo lefatsheng, segolobogolo basadi ba bantsho".<ref name="Sheldon2005" /> Go falola go tlhotlhomisiwa ke [[Rhodesian Front]], e ne ya dirisa dikereke jaaka mafelo a bokopano, e bontsha tiro ya yone jaaka ditlhopha tsa thapelo. Morago ga boipuso, patlisiso ya yone ya maitemogelo a basadi e ne ya gatisiwa jaaka buka ya ''We Carry A Heavy Load''.<ref name="Sylvester20022">{{Cite book |last=Sylvester |first=Christine |year=2002 |title=Feminist International Relations: An Unfinished Journey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHnlEO5x3PcC&pg=PA238 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79627-9 |pages=238–}}</ref> Gape e ne e dira jaaka lekala la Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Balemibarui wa Zimbabwe, e tshegetsa dithutopuisano tsa balemibarui ba basadi.<ref name="Sheldon2005">{{Cite book |last=Kathleen E. Sheldon |year=2005 |title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7 |page=275 |chapter=Zimbabwe Women's Bureau |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA275}}</ref> == Mokgatlho == ZWB e kwadisitswe le Lephata la Badiri le Boitekanelo jwa Loago jaaka Mokgatlho wa Boithaopo o o ikemetseng (PVO 45/23). E bega maloko a basadi le basetsana ba feta dikete di le masome a mabedi le botlhano, ba ba dirang mo dikgaolong di le masome a mararo le botlhano go ralala dikgaolo tsotlhe di le lesome tsa Zimbabwe.<ref name="IUCN">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Women's Bureau |url=https://iucn.org/our-union/members/iucn-members/zimbabwe-womens-bureau |access-date=19 February 2025 |website=IUCN}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://iucn.org/our-union/members/iucn-members/zimbabwe-womens-bureau "Zimbabwe Women's Bureau"]. ''IUCN''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ka 2024, mokgatlho o ne wa tlhabolola polelo ya one ya boikaelelo jwa konokono mme wa tlhama leano le lesha la go kokoanya didirisiwa, e leng thulaganyo e e neng e tshegediwa ke Mokgatlho wa Oak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Purpose-Driven Transformation: The Zimbabwe Women's Bureau's Journey to Sustainability |url=https://community.resource-alliance.org/news/2562175 |access-date=19 February 2025 |website=Resource Alliance}}</ref> == Dikgatiso == * ''Black Women in Zimbabwe''. Harare, June 1980 * Kate McCalman, ''We Carry a Heavy Load: Rural Women in Zimbabwe Speak Out''. Harare: Zimbabwe Women's Bureau, 1981 * ''We Carry a Heavy Load, Part II''. Harare: Zimbabwe Women's Bureau, 1992 == Metswedi == m89gfheses6lvdn9gsolcftuhj2hsxw 0 13534 50620 50493 2026-06-13T12:42:26Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Buffels|image_name=South Africa Northern Cape location map.svg|caption=Noka ya Bufffels kwa Kapa Bophirima kwa Aforika Borwa|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|mouth=Lewatle la Atlantic|location=[[Kapa Bophirima]]|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|river_system=Buffels River System}} '''Noka ya Buffels''' ke noka e e elelang fela ka lobaka lo lo khutshwane morago ga pula, mo gare ga ngwaga e omeletse. E kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E elela go kgabaganya kgaolo e e omeletseng ya [[Namaqualand]] e tshela kwa bophirima kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gaufi le Kleinzee. Noka e e tlwaelesegile ka go elela mo go sa itshetlelang, e ikaegile ka pula ya paka mo lefelong le e le nosang.<ref name=":0">[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Buffels-River-catchment-illustrating-the-drainage-network-and-rainfall-isohyets-The_fig1_49608860 "The Buffels River catchment illustrating the drainage network and rainfall isohyets".] ''ResearchGate''. Retrieved 11 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0033589411000159 "The Evolution of Estuaries".] doi:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/hydrological-response-of-a-dryland-ephemeral-river-to-southern-african-climatic-variability-during-the-last-millennium/48E33629D80EA5A7F2D8BF002C20BF60 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.004.]</ref> == Motsamao wa yone le kgampu == Noka ya Buffels e simolola kwa dithabeng tsa Kapa Bophirima e elelela kwa bophirima e kgabagnya namaqualand, e feta ka mafelo a bonno a Springbok, Nababeep le Okiep pele ga e goroga kwa lotshitshing lwa Atlantic gaufi le Kleinzee, kwa e tlhamang kgokgometso ya nakwana ka nako ya merwalela. Motsamao wa noka e otlhe ke dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi masome a matlhano ka boleele.<ref name=":1">Benito, G.; Botero, B. A.; Thorndycraft, V. R.; Rico, M.; Sánchez-Moya, Y.; Sopeña, A.; Machado, M. J.; Dahan, O. (2011-04-08). [https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/15/1185/2011/ "Rainfall-runoff modelling and palaeoflood hydrology applied to reconstruct centennial scale records of flooding and aquifer recharge in ungauged ephemeral rivers".] ''Hydrology and Earth System Sciences''. '''15''' (4): 1185–1196. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011HESS...15.1185B 2011HESS...15.1185B]. doi:[https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/15/1185/2011/ 10.5194/hess-15-1185-2011]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1607-7938 1607-7938.]</ref> Kwa tlase, noka e nna e omeletse e elela fela fa pula e na ka bontsi. Ke noka e e sa nneleng ruri, e elela ka nako ya merwalela ya nakwana le dipula tse dintsi, e nna e omeletse mo gare ga ngwaga.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Van Gend, J.; Francis, M. L.; Watson, A. P.; Palcsu, L.; Horváth, A.; Macey, P. H.; Le Roux, P.; Clarke, C. E.; Miller, J. A. (2020). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720366705 "Impacts of climate change and human activities on water resources and water quality"]. ''The Science of the Total Environment''. '''762'''. doi:[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720366705?via%3Dihub 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143140]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33131834/ 33131834.]</ref><ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240421184612/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0033589411000159 "Hydrological response of a dryland ephemeral river to southern African climatic variability during the last millennium"]. ''Quaternary Research''. '''75''' (3). 2011-05-01. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.yqre|10.1016/j.yqre]] (inactive 8 June 2026). ISSN [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33131834/ 0033-5894]. Archived from the original on 2024-04-21.</ref> == Botshelo jwa yone == Noka ya Buffels ke noka e e sa eleleng ka dinako tsotlhe e e elelang fela morago ga pula e sena go na. E tsaya metsi mo lefelong la dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabongwe go ya kwa go di le dikete di robabongwe le makgolo a matlhano,e ikaegile ka pula e e nang kwa borwa ka dikgwedi tsa mariga, go tswa ka Motsheganong go tsena Lwetse, le ntswa kgaolo e ekwa botlhaba e itemogela pula ya selemo e e amangwang le dikgadima.<ref name=":1" /> pula mo kgaolong e, e ka nna selekanyo sa di milimithara di le lekgolo go tsena di le makgolo a mararo ngwaga le ngwaga, se se dira gore noka e tshabelelwe ke merwalela le nakoe telele ya komelelo.<ref name=":0" /> Bontsi jwa merwalela e nan ka paka ya mariga, le ntswa pula ya selemo e baka merwalela gangwe le gape.<ref name=":1" /> == Tikologo le Majwe == Noka e elela go kgabaganya Namaqualand, kwa go nang le lokgrapana lwa maje a mantsho, matlapa a gneiss le a metamorphic. Kgaolo e e omeletse ka dinako tse dingwe ka dimela tse di sa kitlanang tse di tlwaetseng komelelo. Ka mmu o le matlapa, ga o kgonne go tshwara metsi ka lobaka, ka jalo metsi a tsamaya ka pele morago ga pula.<ref>[https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/esploro/outputs/graduate/The-provenance-of-the-Buffels-River/9911142007691 "Research Portal".] ''ujcontent.uj.ac.za''. Retrieved 2026-06-11.</ref><ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == e12i301ctj7bwqcspmbzfazg8ktidoj 0 13556 50622 50516 2026-06-13T12:42:38Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Didessa''' (pronounced: ɗeɗ:e:s:a; Oromo: Dhedheessa) ke noka e e kwa bophirima jwa [[Ethiopia]]. Noka eno e e elelang mo nokeng ya Abay, e elela kwa dithabeng tsa Gomma, e elela kwa ntlheng ya bokonebophirima go ya kwa e kopanang teng le noka eno, koo noka eno e elelang go ya ntlheng ya borwa pele ga e ka retologela kwa bokone. Lefelo la kgogo ya metsi ya Didessa ke bokana ka 25,800 km2 (10,000 sq mi),<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/05/09/000334955_20080509032052/Rendered/PDF/434000PAD0P09617372B01off0use0only1.pdf "Tana & Beles Integrated Water Resources Development: Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Vol.1"], World Bank, 2 May 2008 (accessed 5 May 2009)</ref>e e akaretsang dikarolo tsa Kgaolo ya Benishangul-Gumuz le Kgaolo ya West Welega ya Kgaolo ya Oromia. [[Setshwantsho:Abbay OSM.png|thumb|Abby OSM]] Dinoka tse di elelang mo lobopong lo lo kafa mojeng ke Enareya, Aet, Wama le Angar; mo letlhakoreng la molema ke noka ya Dobana. Alexander Bulatovich o ne a tlhatlhoba noka eno mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1890 mme go tswa mo dipotsolotsong le banni ba lefelo leo, o ne a bolela gore fa noka eno e kopana le Angar, Didessa ga e na diphefo e bile e kgona go tsamaisiwa sentle.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20171216204959/http://www.samizdat.com/entotto.html From Entotto to the River Baro]'' Archived 2017-12-16 at the Wayback Machine (1897), translated by Richard Selzer, ''Ethiopia through Russian Eyes: Country in Transition, 1896-1898'' (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 2000) ISBN <bdi>1-56902-117-1</bdi> (accessed 2 November 2009)</ref> == Ditso tsa batho == Herbert Weld Blundell yo e neng e le mmatlisisi wa kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi (20) la dingwaga o ne a akanya gore "Didessa" e lebega e emisitse leina la bogologolo la noka eno, a fitlhela gore ga e ise e ko e dirisiwe "pele ga ngwaga wa 1861, fa d'Abbadie a ne a tsamaya kwa Western Shoa mme a dira dipatlisiso". <ref>H. Weld Blundell, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1776289 "Exploration in the Abai Basin, Abyssinia", ''Geographical Journal'',] 27 (1906), p. 541</ref>Ka nako ya fa a ne a etetse koo ka ngwaga wa 1905, sekgwa sa Handak se se kafa letlhakoreng la moja la noka ya Didessa se ne se "itsege e le lefelo le ditlou di ratang go nna mo go lone. Go lebega di tlhatlogela kwa Nokeng ya Nile ka dinoka tsa Didesa le Dabus, kwantle ga pelaelo, di gogelwa kwa nokeng eno ya bofelo ka go gola thata ga ditlhare tse dinnye tsa bamboo".<ref>Weld Blundell, [[:en:Didessa_River#cite_note-4|"Exploration in the Abai",]] pp. 541f</ref>Gape o bolela gore fa dinoka tsa Didessa le Abay di kopana, "tiro e e masisi ya go tlhatswa gauta e a simolola, mme e tswelele go bapa le noka ya Nile le go ela kwa tlase ga Dabus le melatswana ya yone", a oketsa ka go re: Go gogolega go go tseneletseng ga dikarolo tse di kwa godimo tsa basalt le trap, le go bola go go neng ga latela, go ne ga dira gore go nne le gneissic le hornblendic schist formations kafa tlase, mo e leng gore mo e ka nnang naga yotlhe go tswa kwa tlase ga Chochi go ya kwa nokeng, sekgala sa dikilometara di le lesome le botlhano (15), e apesitswe ka mafika a quartz le matlapa, mme e na le mafelo a le mantsi a a tlhagelelang. Dikarolo tse di senyegileng tsa mafika di gasaganngwa mo mmung, mme gouta e di nang le yone e tlhatswelwa mo melatswaneng e mennye, mme e bo e isiwa kwa nokeng ya Abai.<ref>Weld Blundell, [[:en:Didessa_River#cite_note-5|"Exploration in the Abai",]] p. 544</ref> Go sa kgathalesege maiteko a babatlisisi bano, le go nna teng ga batho mo lefelong leno go tloga ka nako ya fa mefuta eno ya ditshedi e simologa, tsela e noka ya Didessa e tsamayang ka yone go tloga gaufi le Nekemte go fitlha e kopana le noka ya Abay go bonala e ile ya latelwa fela ka ngwaga wa 1935 ke Dunlop le Taylor. Ba ne ba bolelelwa ke Dejazmach Habte Maryam, yo e neng e le modiredimogolo wa lefelo leo kwa Nekemte, "gore ga go na ope, tota le eleng Shankallas wa lefelo leo, yo a neng a itse, yo o kileng a tsamaya ka noka eno go fitlha e kopana le Abbai". Ke boammaaruri gore ka dinako tse dingwe tsa ngwaga [Dejazmach e ne ya tswelela pele] Shankallas ba sekae ba ne ba bereka mo masimong a katune, a a neng a sa tswa go jalwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le bone (24) kwa bokone jwa borogo jwa Dadessa; mme le eleng dikilometara tseno di sekae, go ya ka mafoko a gagwe, e ne e le "lefatshe le le siametseng ditshwene fela". O ne a gatelela mathata a re neng re tlile go kopana le one: go tlhoka ditsela, dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa bamboo, letshoroma, mme ka letsogo la gagwe le le supang maikutlo a a kwa godimo, o ne a gatelela gore dithaba tse di fa thoko ga noka di makgwakgwa. O ne a akantsha gore, fa e le gore re ne re batla go bona kwa noka ya Abbai le ya Dadessa di kopanelang teng, re ne re tla gakololwa gore re latele tsela e e tswang kwa Nekemti go ya kwa Nejo, go tswa foo re tsamaye ka tsela e e itsegeng go ya kwa kgaolong ya yone.<ref>A. Dunlop, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1787909 "The Dadessa Valley",] ''Geographical Journal'', 89 (1937), p. 513</ref> == Letamo la go Nosetsa la Anger == Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome le bone (14) ka ngwaga wa 2021, go agiwa ga Letamo la go nosetsa la Anger kwa Nokeng ya Didessa le ne la simololwa ke Moporesidente wa kgaolo ya Oromia, Shimelis Abdisa, le Tona ya Metsi, Nosetso le Maatla, Sileshi Bekele, go tla wediwa mo dingwageng di le tharo.<ref>[https://www.ena.et/en/?p=25424 "Construction of 10 Bil Birr Worth Irrigation Dam Launched in Oromia".] ''ENA''. 14 June 2021</ref> == Metswedi == jyk0l75ja8hru6nlhkzvei7pdhgmk40 0 13571 50655 50573 2026-06-13T16:38:11Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE BAAKANTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA ROKEL 50655 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Freetown-aerialview.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Rokel]] '''Noka ya Rokel''' (e bile e bitswa '''Noka ya Seli'''; pele e ne e bitswa '''Noka ya Pamoronkoh''') ke yona noka e kgolo mo Repaboliking ya [[Sierra Leone]] kwa Afrika Borwa-Bophirima. Setšhaba sa noka se lekanya 10,622 km² (4,101 mi²), mme metsi a yona a aroganywa ke dithaba tsa Gbengbe le Kabala le dithaba tsa Sula. Letsha la molomo wa noka le le akaretsang sebaka sa 2,950 km² (1,140 mi²) le ne la bewa jaaka sebaka sa Ramsar sa botlhokwa ka ngwaga wa 1999.<ref name=":0">[http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1SL001en_part1.pdf "Sierra Leone Estuary: Proposed Ramsar Site"] (PDF). Wetland Organization. Retrieved 3 July 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf "1014, Sierra Leone River Estuary"] (PDF). Ramsar organization. 13 December 1999. Retrieved 7 July 2013</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Noka ya Rokel e tlhatloga mo bogodimong jwa 900-metres (3,000 ft) mo dithabeng tsa Loma Mountains, kwa Guinea Highlands kwa bokone jwa Sierra Leone, e elela kwa borwabophirima jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a ferangbongwe (390) go ralala dithaba mme, mmogo le noka e nnye e e tshwanang e e bidiwang Port Loko Creek, e elela mo molomong wa noka ya Rokel pele ga e tsena mo Lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka e, morago ga go kopana le Noka ya Bankasoka, gape e bidiwa Noka ya Sierra Leone, e boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mane (40) mme e na le bophara jwa dikilometara di le 16.1. Freetown le Pepel ke maemakepe a mabedi a a leng mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya noka.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFBird2010|Bird 2010]], p. 933.</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506982/Rokel-River "Rokel River"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 3 July 2013</ref> Fa noka e ntse e atologa e bo e kopana le lewatle la Atlantic, bophara jwa yone bo ka nna dikilometara di le 11 (6,8 mi). Lebopo la borwa ke lone le le boteng go gaisa mme le dira boemakepe jwa tlholego, jo go begwang fa e le jwa boraro ka bogolo mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":0" /> Ditlhaka tsa mangrove le dithota tsa seretse ke tsone tse di laolang tikologo (tse di dirang lesome la boferabongwe (19%) ya sekgwa sa mangrove mo nageng) <ref name=":0" />tse di lemogilweng go dikologa noka ya ria.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFBird2010|Bird 2010]], p. 933.</ref> Mokgatsha wa noka o na le bogolo jwa 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi), mme metsi a kgaogantswe ke dithaba tsa Gbengbe le Kabala le Dithaba tsa Sula. Rokel e wela dimetara di le lesome le botlhano (15) kwa diphororong tsa Bumbuna. <ref name=":1">[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFBrebbiaPopov2013|Brebbia & Popov 2013]], p. 45.</ref>Mefuta ya di-mangrove tse di begilweng ke Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, le Conocarpus, tse di akaretsang bogolo jwa diheketara di le 34.23 (84.6 acres).<ref name=":0" />Freetown e e leng motsemoshate wa Sierra Leone e kwa botsenong jwa Noka ya Sierra Leone, dikilometara di ka nna masome a mane (40) go tswa kwa boemakepeng jwa Pepel. == Thutafatshe == Noka ya Rokel le melatswana ya yone e tlhalosiwa jaaka "Rokel River Group" go ithuta ka jeoloji. Go begwa fa popego ya thutafatshe mo setlhopheng seno e le ya popego ya Tabe e e nang le marothodi a dikgapetla tsa aese a a busang mo ntlheng ya botlhaba mme a tlhageletse go bapa le noka mo dikarolong dingwe; popego ya thutafatshe e e lemogilweng mo nokeng ke matlapa a granite. Go bonala e le maje a a menwang a sedimentary. Gape go begilwe gore orogeny ya yone e tswa mo dingwageng tsa Pan-African thermo-tectonic tsa dingwaga tse di ka nnang 550 Ma.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFHambreyHarland2011|Hambrey & Harland 2011, pp]]. 132, 133.</ref>Go ya ka thutafatshe ke lekadiba le le laolwang ke tectonic le le nang le dipopego tsa Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian le Pleistocene. Noka eno e dikologilwe ke Dithaba tsa Sula kwa borwabotlhaba le dithaba tsa Gbengbe le Kabal kwa bophirima. Mogogoro o o itsegeng thata mo nokeng o bidiwa Bumbuna water falls koo noka e welang ka lesome le botlhano (15 metres) (49 ft) go tlamela ka kago ya porojeke ya motlakase wa metsi.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFRosbjerg1997|Rosbjerg 1997]], p. 496.</ref> == Ditso == John MacCormac, rrakgwebo wa Mo-Ireland, o ne a nna kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Timbo ka ngwaga wa 1816 mme a simolola go romela kwa ntle Oak ya Aforika go tswa Nokeng ya Rokel.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161011223122/http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/mccormack_john.html "McCormack, John".] ''Dictionary of African Christian Biography''. Center for Global Christianity and Mission. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016</ref>Kgwebo eno e ne e le kgolo ka nakwana mme kgabagare e ne ya fokotsega. Kgwebo ya meepo ya tshipi le ya gauta e simolotse kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1920 le kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1930, fa porojeke ya motlakase wa metsi ya Bumbuna Falls e ntse e tsweletse. <ref name=":1" />Batho ba Yalunka ba ne ba tlhoma motsemogolo wa bone, Falaba, gaufi le motswedi wa Rokel.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFShillington2004|Shillington 2004,]] p. 922.</ref>Noka eno e e nang le bogolo jwa dikete tse pedi le makgolo a ferangbongwe le masome a matlhano (2,950 square kilometres) (1,140 sq mi), e ne ya kwalwa mo lenaaneng la Ramsar site of wetland importance ka ngwaga wa 1999.<ref>[https://www.ramsar.org/news/sierra-leone-becomes-ramsars-118th-contracting-party "Sierra Leone becomes Ramsar's 118th Contracting Party".] ''ramsar.org''. 15 January 2000.</ref><ref>United Nations Environment Programme: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, (2007), p. [[:en:Rokel_River#cite_note-13|41]]</ref>Lefelo leno le kgabagantswe ke Cape Point kwa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa Freetown, le Noka ya Bunce mo go nngwe ya dintshi tsa yone, le Tagrin Point kwa dikarolo tsa Rokel di kopanelang teng kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa molomo wa yone.<ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2025, Thomas Mariee o ne a fetsa go fologa sekgala sa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le botlhano (365) a le nosi ka mokorwana mo Nokeng ya Rokel mo malatsing a le lesome le bosupa (17). == Tlhabololo == Go ne ga lekanngwa selekanyo sa metsi a a elelang mo nokeng ya Rokel kwa mafelong a le mararo a go lekanyetsang metsi. Go ne ga begwa gore selekanyo se se kwa godimo le se se kwa tlase sa metsi a a tshololwang kwa Magbass, e leng nngwe ya diteishene tse tharo, ke dikubita tsa dimetara di le 1.905 (67,300 cu ft) le dikubita tsa dimetara di le bobedi (2)(71 cu ft). Go na le diporojeke di le dintsi tse di tlhabolotsweng mo lekadibeng la noka tse di tsereng ditlhokego tsa tsone tsa tlamelo ya metsi go tswa mo nokeng eno.<ref name=":2" /> Go epiwa ga tshipi kwa Marampa go ikaegile ka metsi a a pompiwang go tswa mo nokeng. Tumalano ya Ditshwanelo tsa Metsi a Noka ya Rokel (Thanolo) e ne ya saenwa le batlhabolodi ba meepo; meepo e ntse e dira go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1933 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1975 ke Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) le Astro Minerals go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1983. Tumalano ya metsi e ne e neela "ditshwanelo tse di kgethegileng le tse di kgethegileng tsa go dirisa metsi a Rokel ka tumalano e e kgethegileng" ka lobaka lwa dingwaga di le masome a feranfbobedi le boferabongwe (89) go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa 1938. Ditlamorago tsa tikologo mo badirising ba ba kwa tlase le go latlhiwa ga ditshipi tse di tswang mo ditirong tsa meepo ga di ise di sekasekiwe. Tshipi e e ntshiwang e feletse ka gore go fokodiwe bogodimo jwa nngwe ya dithaba tse di nang le ore ka dimetara di le 24.4 (80 ft).<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosbjerg1997497%E2%80%9398-14|Rosbjerg 1997]], pp. 497–98</ref> Go epa gauta mo Dithabeng tsa Sula le mo sedimenteng sa noka ya Rokel e ne e le tiro e kgolo e e neng ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa 1929 mo nokeng eno le mo dinokeng tse di e dikologileng fa go sena go bonwa gauta mo dithabeng. Go ne ga dirwa dipatlisiso ka mouwane wa sediment go bona gore a go na le arsenic e ntsi. Tiro ya go epa e ne e dirwa mo nokeng go dirisiwa diatla. Tiro eno ya moepo wa gouta e tlhalositswe e le e e senyang tikologo ka ntlha ya go senngwa ga dikgwa ka maikaelelo a go epa meepo e bakile kgogolego e kgolo ya dithaba mme ka jalo ya dira gore noka le melatswana ya yone e nne le seretse.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFRosbjerg1997|Rosbjerg 1997,]] p. 497.</ref> Letamo la Bumbuna le agilwe mo nokeng ka go aga letamo la bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a ferangbongwe le boraro (93) mo karolong e tshesane ya noka, e leng se se dirileng letsha le le katologang dikilometara di le masome a mararo (30) go ya kwa godimo. Porojeke ya go nosetsa ya Magbass e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong kwa tlase ga letamo. China e ne ya thusa mo go diragatseng porojeke eno ya go jala mmidi wa sukiri. Porojeke e, e e diragaditsweng ka ngwaga wa 1980, e kwa Magbass mo dintshing tsa noka mme e na le taolo ya nosetso ya makgolo a ferangbobedi le masome a ferangbobedi (880 square kilometres) (340 sq mi).<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFRosbjerg1997|Rosbjerg 1997,]] p. 499.</ref> == Dimela le diphologolo == Dimela tse di mo molomong wa noka eno di na le dikgwa tsa di-mangrove. Dinonyane tsa lefelo leno di akaretsa dinonyane di le dikete tse lesome (10 000) tsa mefuta e le masome a mararo le borataro ( 36) (rekoto ya 1995). Gape go begilwe gore go na le mefuta e le robedi ya di-wader tsa mariga tse di begilweng tse di emelang 1% ya palo ya tsone mo lefatsheng. == Metswedi == <references /> 66qdb1fmhm48kgadked7h7eftt6jr91 0 13575 50611 50590 2026-06-13T12:09:15Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 50611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soweto Stormwater Channel''' ke thulaganyo ya go tsamaisa metsi a pula e e leng kwa [[Soweto]], [[Johannesburg]], mo [[Aforika Borwa]]. E bopa karolo ya mafaratlhatlha a kgelelo ya metsi a [[:en:City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality|toropo ya Johannesburg]] ebile e tsamaisiwa ke baJohannesburg Roads Agency (JRA). Thulaganyo e e diretswe go fokotsa merwalela, go laola metsi a a elelang fa pula e na thata le go sireletsa ditsela, matlo le dikago tsa setšhaba kwa Soweto. == Se se Diragetseng == Soweto ga e bolo go nna mo kotsing ya go nna le merwalela ka ntlha ya [[:en:Urbanization|go nna motse se toropo ka lebelo le le kwa godimo]], go nna le batho ba le bantsi le go tlhaela ga ditlamelo tsa motheo ya metsi a pula. Dipula tse di maatla tse di nang kwa [[Gauteng]] gantsi di baka mathata mo dithulaganyong tsa kgelelo ya metsi, mme se se baka merwalela, go senyega ga ditsela le go kgorelediwa ga ditirelo. Toropokgolo ya Johannesburg e lemogile gore go laola metsi a pula ke selo se se botlhokwa thata mo Soweto, segolobogolo fa go na le merwalela ka dinako tsa dipula.<ref>"JRA undertakes major stormwater upgrades in Soweto". City of Johannesburg.</ref> == Tsela e e dirilweng Ka yone le Tiro ya yone == Soweto Stormwater Channel e na le mafaratlhatlha a kgelelo ya metsi a pula a a dirilweng ka kitso e e mafaratlhatlha ya dikago e e akaretsang dikanala, di-culvert, diphaepe tsa metsi a pula, le ditsela tsa kgelelo ya metsi a pula tse di fetotsweng. Boikaelelo jwa yone jwa konokono ke go ntsha metsi a pula mo mafelong a batho ba nnang mo go one le go a fetisetsa ka pabalesego kwa ditseleng tse dikgolo tse di ntshang metsi. E re ka dikgoreletsi di dira gore go nne le kotsi ya merwalela ka nako ya dipula tse dikgolo, JRA e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go ntshas matlakala mo ditseleng tsa metsi a pula.<ref>"JRA warning: Heavy floods advisory" (PDF). Johannesburg Roads Agency.</ref> <ref>"JRA advises against throwing rubbish in stormwater drains". The Citizen.</ref> == Merwalela le Dikgwetlho tsa Tiro == Merwalela e sa ntse e le kgwetlho e e boelelang mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Soweto, segolobogolo ka dinako tsa dipula tse di nang thata. Gantsi metsi a pula a tlala thata mo a felelang a tswetse ditsela, a sentse dithoto le go dira gore batho ba tseye kgato ka bonako. Ba lekalana la Gauteng Human Settlements Department (GHSD) ba ntsha ditlhagiso ka merwalela ya paka ya selemo, ditlhagiso di ntshiwa ka metlha ke balaodi kwa Gauteng ka ntlha ya kotsi e e oketsegang ya pula ka paka ya dipula.<ref>"Gauteng Human Settlements Department issues flood warning as rainy season begins". The Citizen.</ref> Mo mabakeng mangwe, go senyega ga mafaratlhatlha go dirile gore ditsela di tswalwe ka nakwana gore di baakanngwe, go akaretsa le ditsela tse dikgolo tse di amilweng ke kgogolego le merwalela e e bakilweng ke metsi a pula. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2009, basetsana ba le babedi ba ne ba tlhokafala fa matlo a le mmalwa a ne a khurumediwa ke metsi mme ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2012, matlo mangwe a ne a senngwa kwa Soweto.<ref>Adegun, Olumuyiwa Bayode (11 June 2026). "State-led versus community-initiated: stormwater drainage and informal settlement intervention in Johannesburg, South Africa". Environment and Urbanization. 27 (2): 407–420. doi:10.1177/0956247815569700. ISSN 0956-2478 – via Sage Journals.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole 2022, maemo a bosa a a maswe le dipula tse di maatla di bakile merwalela e e tseneletseng go ralala motse wa Soweto le dikgaolo tse di o dikologileng, mme seo sa felela ka go fudusiwa ga batho le tshenyo ya mafaratlha.<ref>Mthethwa, Mbalenhle (12 December 2022). "Several people displaced in Soweto, surrounding areas due to heavy flooding". SABC News. Archived from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2026.</ref> == Tokafatso ya Mafaratlhatlha == Toropokgolo ya Johannesburg, ka JRA, e tsentse tirisong diporojeke di le dintsi tsa go tokafatsa metsi a pula kwa Soweto tse di ikaeletseng go oketsa kgogolego le go fokotsa kotsi ya merwalela. Go tokafaditswe mafelo a a jaaka [[:en:Diepkloof|Diepkloof]] le [[:en:Orlando,_Soweto|Orlando East]], kwa go ileng ga emisediwa kgotsa ga baakanngwa dikago tsa motheo tse di tsofetseng go tokafatsa go elela ga metsi a pula.<ref>"JRA undertakes major stormwater upgrades in Diepkloof and Orlando East, Soweto". Johannesburg Roads Agency.</ref> Go ne ga tseewa dikgato tse dingwe gape mo Senoane morago ga dipula tse di maatla, tse di neng ke akaretsa go tokafatsa kgelelo ya metsi le go baakanya mafaratlhatlha.<ref>"JRA jerks up service delivery in Senoane following torrential rains". City of Johannesburg.</ref> Diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa dipeeletso tsa metsi a pula le tsone di ile tsa itsisiwe mo mafelong a a gaufi a a jaaka Braamfisherville, tse di ikaegileng ka go fokotsa merwalela le go fetola mafaratlhatlha.<ref>"CoJ prioritises public safety with R23m major stormwater conversion in Braamfisherville". The Citizen.</ref> Tsela ya kwa Soweto ya Klipspruit Valley e ne ya tswalwa dikgwedi di le tharo gore go agiwe sesha tsela ya metsi a pula.<ref>"Soweto's Klipspruit Valley Road will be closed for 3 months for repairs". News24.</ref> == Ditlamorago mo Tikologong le mo Setšhabeng == Go atlega ga Soweto Stormwater Channel go tlhotlhelediwa ke mabaka a tikologo le boitshwaro jwa batho, go akaretsa mekgwa ya go latlha matlakala. Go thibiwa ga mesele ya metsi ka ntlha ya go latlhelwa ga matlakala le go latlhelwa ga matlakala ka tsela e e seng ka fa molaong go fokotsa tsela e thulaganyo eno e dirang ka yone e bile go oketsa kotsi ya gore go ka nna le merwalela. Balaodi ba ditoropo ba tswelela go rotloetsa matsholo a go dira gore batho ba itse gore ba tshwanetse go tila go latlhela matlakala mo ditseleng tsa metsi a pula.<ref>"JRA warning: Heavy floods advisory" (PDF). Johannesburg Roads Agency</ref> == Bona Gape == * Go laola metsi a pula mo Afrika Borwa * [[:en:Johannesburg_Roads_Agency|Johannesburg Roads Agency]] * [[Soweto]] * Merwalela Kwa Gauteng g36ucyycy8bojtifnah14lxs5ohwl0i 50612 50611 2026-06-13T12:10:33Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke baakantse motswedi wa tsebe e.#AWC2026 50612 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soweto Stormwater Channel''' ke thulaganyo ya go tsamaisa metsi a pula e e leng kwa [[Soweto]], [[Johannesburg]], mo [[Aforika Borwa]]. E bopa karolo ya mafaratlhatlha a kgelelo ya metsi a [[:en:City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality|toropo ya Johannesburg]] ebile e tsamaisiwa ke baJohannesburg Roads Agency (JRA). Thulaganyo e e diretswe go fokotsa merwalela, go laola metsi a a elelang fa pula e na thata le go sireletsa ditsela, matlo le dikago tsa setšhaba kwa Soweto. == Se se Diragetseng == Soweto ga e bolo go nna mo kotsing ya go nna le merwalela ka ntlha ya [[:en:Urbanization|go nna motse se toropo ka lebelo le le kwa godimo]], go nna le batho ba le bantsi le go tlhaela ga ditlamelo tsa motheo ya metsi a pula. Dipula tse di maatla tse di nang kwa [[Gauteng]] gantsi di baka mathata mo dithulaganyong tsa kgelelo ya metsi, mme se se baka merwalela, go senyega ga ditsela le go kgorelediwa ga ditirelo. Toropokgolo ya Johannesburg e lemogile gore go laola metsi a pula ke selo se se botlhokwa thata mo Soweto, segolobogolo fa go na le merwalela ka dinako tsa dipula.<ref>"JRA undertakes major stormwater upgrades in Soweto". City of Johannesburg.</ref> == Tsela e e dirilweng Ka yone le Tiro ya yone == Soweto Stormwater Channel e na le mafaratlhatlha a kgelelo ya metsi a pula a a dirilweng ka kitso e e mafaratlhatlha ya dikago e e akaretsang dikanala, di-culvert, diphaepe tsa metsi a pula, le ditsela tsa kgelelo ya metsi a pula tse di fetotsweng. Boikaelelo jwa yone jwa konokono ke go ntsha metsi a pula mo mafelong a batho ba nnang mo go one le go a fetisetsa ka pabalesego kwa ditseleng tse dikgolo tse di ntshang metsi. E re ka dikgoreletsi di dira gore go nne le kotsi ya merwalela ka nako ya dipula tse dikgolo, JRA e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go ntshas matlakala mo ditseleng tsa metsi a pula.<ref>"JRA warning: Heavy floods advisory" (PDF). Johannesburg Roads Agency.</ref> <ref>"JRA advises against throwing rubbish in stormwater drains". The Citizen.</ref> == Merwalela le Dikgwetlho tsa Tiro == Merwalela e sa ntse e le kgwetlho e e boelelang mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Soweto, segolobogolo ka dinako tsa dipula tse di nang thata. Gantsi metsi a pula a tlala thata mo a felelang a tswetse ditsela, a sentse dithoto le go dira gore batho ba tseye kgato ka bonako. Ba lekalana la Gauteng Human Settlements Department (GHSD) ba ntsha ditlhagiso ka merwalela ya paka ya selemo, ditlhagiso di ntshiwa ka metlha ke balaodi kwa Gauteng ka ntlha ya kotsi e e oketsegang ya pula ka paka ya dipula.<ref>"Gauteng Human Settlements Department issues flood warning as rainy season begins". The Citizen.</ref> Mo mabakeng mangwe, go senyega ga mafaratlhatlha go dirile gore ditsela di tswalwe ka nakwana gore di baakanngwe, go akaretsa le ditsela tse dikgolo tse di amilweng ke kgogolego le merwalela e e bakilweng ke metsi a pula. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2009, basetsana ba le babedi ba ne ba tlhokafala fa matlo a le mmalwa a ne a khurumediwa ke metsi mme ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2012, matlo mangwe a ne a senngwa kwa Soweto.<ref>Adegun, Olumuyiwa Bayode (11 June 2026). "State-led versus community-initiated: stormwater drainage and informal settlement intervention in Johannesburg, South Africa". Environment and Urbanization. 27 (2): 407–420. doi:10.1177/0956247815569700. ISSN 0956-2478 – via Sage Journals.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole 2022, maemo a bosa a a maswe le dipula tse di maatla di bakile merwalela e e tseneletseng go ralala motse wa Soweto le dikgaolo tse di o dikologileng, mme seo sa felela ka go fudusiwa ga batho le tshenyo ya mafaratlha.<ref>Mthethwa, Mbalenhle (12 December 2022). "Several people displaced in Soweto, surrounding areas due to heavy flooding". SABC News. Archived from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2026.</ref> == Tokafatso ya Mafaratlhatlha == Toropokgolo ya Johannesburg, ka JRA, e tsentse tirisong diporojeke di le dintsi tsa go tokafatsa metsi a pula kwa Soweto tse di ikaeletseng go oketsa kgogolego le go fokotsa kotsi ya merwalela. Go tokafaditswe mafelo a a jaaka [[:en:Diepkloof|Diepkloof]] le [[:en:Orlando,_Soweto|Orlando East]], kwa go ileng ga emisediwa kgotsa ga baakanngwa dikago tsa motheo tse di tsofetseng go tokafatsa go elela ga metsi a pula.<ref>"JRA undertakes major stormwater upgrades in Diepkloof and Orlando East, Soweto". Johannesburg Roads Agency.</ref> Go ne ga tseewa dikgato tse dingwe gape mo Senoane morago ga dipula tse di maatla, tse di neng ke akaretsa go tokafatsa kgelelo ya metsi le go baakanya mafaratlhatlha.<ref>"JRA jerks up service delivery in Senoane following torrential rains". City of Johannesburg.</ref> Diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa dipeeletso tsa metsi a pula le tsone di ile tsa itsisiwe mo mafelong a a gaufi a a jaaka Braamfisherville, tse di ikaegileng ka go fokotsa merwalela le go fetola mafaratlhatlha.<ref>"CoJ prioritises public safety with R23m major stormwater conversion in Braamfisherville". The Citizen.</ref> Tsela ya kwa Soweto ya Klipspruit Valley e ne ya tswalwa dikgwedi di le tharo gore go agiwe sesha tsela ya metsi a pula.<ref>"Soweto's Klipspruit Valley Road will be closed for 3 months for repairs". News24.</ref> == Ditlamorago mo Tikologong le mo Setšhabeng == Go atlega ga Soweto Stormwater Channel go tlhotlhelediwa ke mabaka a tikologo le boitshwaro jwa batho, go akaretsa mekgwa ya go latlha matlakala. Go thibiwa ga mesele ya metsi ka ntlha ya go latlhelwa ga matlakala le go latlhelwa ga matlakala ka tsela e e seng ka fa molaong go fokotsa tsela e thulaganyo eno e dirang ka yone e bile go oketsa kotsi ya gore go ka nna le merwalela. Balaodi ba ditoropo ba tswelela go rotloetsa matsholo a go dira gore batho ba itse gore ba tshwanetse go tila go latlhela matlakala mo ditseleng tsa metsi a pula.<ref>"JRA warning: Heavy floods advisory" (PDF). Johannesburg Roads Agency</ref> == Bona Gape == * Go laola metsi a pula mo Afrika Borwa * [[:en:Johannesburg_Roads_Agency|Johannesburg Roads Agency]] * [[Soweto]] * Merwalela Kwa Gauteng == Metswedi == 27b3sw1e0dmf38alxp6398wopesmcf6 50614 50612 2026-06-13T12:25:10Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke baakantse motswedi wa tsebe e ka ba ka tsenya dikgokaganyo.#AWC2026 50614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soweto Stormwater Channel''' ke thulaganyo ya go tsamaisa metsi a pula e e leng kwa [[Soweto]], [[Johannesburg]], mo [[Aforika Borwa]]. E bopa karolo ya mafaratlhatlha a kgelelo ya metsi a [[:en:City_of_Johannesburg_Metropolitan_Municipality|toropo ya Johannesburg]] ebile e tsamaisiwa ke baJohannesburg Roads Agency (JRA). Thulaganyo e e diretswe go fokotsa merwalela, go laola metsi a a elelang fa pula e na thata le go sireletsa ditsela, matlo le dikago tsa setšhaba kwa Soweto. == Se se Diragetseng == Soweto ga e bolo go nna mo kotsing ya go nna le merwalela ka ntlha ya [[:en:Urbanization|go nna motse se toropo ka lebelo le le kwa godimo]], go nna le batho ba le bantsi le go tlhaela ga ditlamelo tsa motheo ya metsi a pula. Dipula tse di maatla tse di nang kwa [[Gauteng]] gantsi di baka mathata mo dithulaganyong tsa kgelelo ya metsi, mme se se baka merwalela, go senyega ga ditsela le go kgorelediwa ga ditirelo. Toropokgolo ya Johannesburg e lemogile gore go laola metsi a pula ke selo se se botlhokwa thata mo Soweto, segolobogolo fa go na le merwalela ka dinako tsa dipula.<ref>[https://joburg.org.za/media_/Newsroom/Pages/2024%20News%20Article/April/JRA-undertakes-major-stormwater-upgrades-in-Soweto.aspx "JRA undertakes major stormwater upgrades in Soweto".] City of Johannesburg.</ref> == Tsela e e dirilweng Ka yone le Tiro ya yone == Soweto Stormwater Channel e na le mafaratlhatlha a kgelelo ya metsi a pula a a dirilweng ka kitso e e mafaratlhatlha ya dikago e e akaretsang dikanala, di-culvert, diphaepe tsa metsi a pula, le ditsela tsa kgelelo ya metsi a pula tse di fetotsweng. Boikaelelo jwa yone jwa konokono ke go ntsha metsi a pula mo mafelong a batho ba nnang mo go one le go a fetisetsa ka pabalesego kwa ditseleng tse dikgolo tse di ntshang metsi. E re ka dikgoreletsi di dira gore go nne le kotsi ya merwalela ka nako ya dipula tse dikgolo, JRA e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go ntshas matlakala mo ditseleng tsa metsi a pula.<ref>[https://jra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/JRA_WARNING_HEAVY_FLOODS_1-1.pdf "JRA warning: Heavy floods advisory"][https://jra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/JRA_WARNING_HEAVY_FLOODS_1-1.pdf] (PDF). Johannesburg Roads Agency.</ref> <ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/soweto-urban/news-headlines/local-news/2021/02/07/jra-advises-against-throwing-rubbish-in-stormwater-drains/ "JRA advises against throwing rubbish in stormwater drains"]. The Citizen.</ref> == Merwalela le Dikgwetlho tsa Tiro == Merwalela e sa ntse e le kgwetlho e e boelelang mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Soweto, segolobogolo ka dinako tsa dipula tse di nang thata. Gantsi metsi a pula a tlala thata mo a felelang a tswetse ditsela, a sentse dithoto le go dira gore batho ba tseye kgato ka bonako. Ba lekalana la Gauteng Human Settlements Department (GHSD) ba ntsha ditlhagiso ka merwalela ya paka ya selemo, ditlhagiso di ntshiwa ka metlha ke balaodi kwa Gauteng ka ntlha ya kotsi e e oketsegang ya pula ka paka ya dipula.<ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/soweto-urban/news-headlines/local-news/2025/10/14/gauteng-human-settlements-department-issues-flood-warning-as-rainy-season-begins/ "Gauteng Human Settlements Department issues flood warning as rainy season begins"]. The Citizen.</ref> Mo mabakeng mangwe, go senyega ga mafaratlhatlha go dirile gore ditsela di tswalwe ka nakwana gore di baakanngwe, go akaretsa le ditsela tse dikgolo tse di amilweng ke kgogolego le merwalela e e bakilweng ke metsi a pula. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2009, basetsana ba le babedi ba ne ba tlhokafala fa matlo a le mmalwa a ne a khurumediwa ke metsi mme ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2012, matlo mangwe a ne a senngwa kwa Soweto.<ref>Adegun, Olumuyiwa Bayode (11 June 2026). [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0956247815569700 "State-led versus community-initiated: stormwater drainage and informal settlement intervention in Johannesburg, South Africa"]. Environment and Urbanization. 27 (2): 407–420. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1177/0956247815569700|10.1177/0956247815569700]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0956-2478 0956-2478] – via Sage Journals.</ref> Mo tshimologong ya ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole 2022, maemo a bosa a a maswe le dipula tse di maatla di bakile merwalela e e tseneletseng go ralala motse wa Soweto le dikgaolo tse di o dikologileng, mme seo sa felela ka go fudusiwa ga batho le tshenyo ya mafaratlha.<ref>Mthethwa, Mbalenhle (12 December 2022). [https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/several-people-displaced-in-soweto-surrounding-areas-due-to-heavy-flooding/ "Several people displaced in Soweto, surrounding areas due to heavy flooding"]. SABC News. [http://web.archive.org/web/20240623102847/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/several-people-displaced-in-soweto-surrounding-areas-due-to-heavy-flooding/ Archived] from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2026.</ref> == Tokafatso ya Mafaratlhatlha == Toropokgolo ya Johannesburg, ka JRA, e tsentse tirisong diporojeke di le dintsi tsa go tokafatsa metsi a pula kwa Soweto tse di ikaeletseng go oketsa kgogolego le go fokotsa kotsi ya merwalela. Go tokafaditswe mafelo a a jaaka [[:en:Diepkloof|Diepkloof]] le [[:en:Orlando,_Soweto|Orlando East]], kwa go ileng ga emisediwa kgotsa ga baakanngwa dikago tsa motheo tse di tsofetseng go tokafatsa go elela ga metsi a pula.<ref>[https://jraweb.azurewebsites.net/jra-undertakes-major-stormwater-upgrades-in-diepkloof-and-orlando-east-soweto/ "JRA undertakes major stormwater upgrades in Diepkloof and Orlando East, Soweto"]. Johannesburg Roads Agency.</ref> Go ne ga tseewa dikgato tse dingwe gape mo Senoane morago ga dipula tse di maatla, tse di neng ke akaretsa go tokafatsa kgelelo ya metsi le go baakanya mafaratlhatlha.<ref>[https://joburg.org.za/media_/Newsroom/Pages/2022%20News%20Articles/March/JRA-jerks-up-service-delivery-in-Senoane-following-torrential-rains.aspx "JRA jerks up service delivery in Senoane following torrential rains"]. City of Johannesburg.</ref> Diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa dipeeletso tsa metsi a pula le tsone di ile tsa itsisiwe mo mafelong a a gaufi a a jaaka Braamfisherville, tse di ikaegileng ka go fokotsa merwalela le go fetola mafaratlhatlha.<ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/soweto-urban/news-headlines/local-news/2025/06/10/coj-prioritises-public-safety-with-r23m-major-stormwater-conversion-in-braamfisherville-2/ "CoJ prioritises public safety with R23m major stormwater conversion in Braamfisherville"]. The Citizen.</ref> Tsela ya kwa Soweto ya Klipspruit Valley e ne ya tswalwa dikgwedi di le tharo gore go agiwe sesha tsela ya metsi a pula.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/sowetos-klipspruit-valley-road-will-be-closed-for-3-months-for-repairs-20220816 "Soweto's Klipspruit Valley Road will be closed for 3 months for repairs"]. News24.</ref> == Ditlamorago mo Tikologong le mo Setšhabeng == Go atlega ga Soweto Stormwater Channel go tlhotlhelediwa ke mabaka a tikologo le boitshwaro jwa batho, go akaretsa mekgwa ya go latlha matlakala. Go thibiwa ga mesele ya metsi ka ntlha ya go latlhelwa ga matlakala le go latlhelwa ga matlakala ka tsela e e seng ka fa molaong go fokotsa tsela e thulaganyo eno e dirang ka yone e bile go oketsa kotsi ya gore go ka nna le merwalela. Balaodi ba ditoropo ba tswelela go rotloetsa matsholo a go dira gore batho ba itse gore ba tshwanetse go tila go latlhela matlakala mo ditseleng tsa metsi a pula.<ref>[https://jra.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/JRA_WARNING_HEAVY_FLOODS_1-1.pdf "JRA warning: Heavy floods advisory"] (PDF). Johannesburg Roads Agency</ref> == Bona Gape == * Go laola metsi a pula mo Afrika Borwa * [[:en:Johannesburg_Roads_Agency|Johannesburg Roads Agency]] * [[Soweto]] * Merwalela Kwa Gauteng == Metswedi == 1zh7gibtgnddzhm2q9hyqj6fv3dphoa 0 13582 50607 2026-06-13T12:02:55Z Temptious 11766 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355863516|Human right to water and sanitation]]" 50607 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tshwanelo ya botho ya metsi le kgeleloleswe''' ( '''HRWS''' ) ke molawana o o bolelang gore [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a phepa a go nwa]] le kgeleloleswe ke [[Ditshwanelo tsa setho|tshwanelo ya botho]] ya lefatshe lotlhe ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa tsone jo bo kwa godimo mo go tswelediseng botshelo jwa motho mongwe le mongwe mo botshelong. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015. Focus Areas: The human right to water and sanitation |url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml |access-date=12 December 2020 |website=United Nations |language=EN}}</ref> E amogetswe jaaka tshwanelo ya batho ke [[United Nations General Assembly|Kokoanokakaretso ya Ditšhabakopano]] ka la bo 28 Phukwi 2010. <ref name="HRWS">{{Cite web |date=August 2010 |title=Resolution 64/292: The human right to water and sanitation |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/64/292 |access-date=13 October 2018 |website=United Nations}}</ref> HRWS e amogetswe mo molaong wa boditšhabatšhaba ka ditumalano tsa ditshwanelo tsa botho, dikgoeletso le maemo a mangwe . Batshwaedi bangwe ba theile ngangisano ya go nna teng ga tshwanelo ya batho ya lefatshe lotlhe ya metsi mo mabakeng a a ikemetseng ka nosi mo tshwetsong ya Kokoano Kakaretso ya 2010, jaaka Athikele 11.1 ya Kgolagano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Ditshwanelo tsa Ikonomi, Loago le Setso (ICESCR); gareng ga batshwaedi bao, ba ba amogelang gore go na le ''ius cogens'' ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ba e tsaya e akaretsa dipeelo tsa Kgolagano ba tsaya gore tshwanelo e e ntseng jalo ke molaomotheo o o tlamang lefatshe lotlhe wa molao wa boditšhabatšhaba. Ditumalano tse dingwe tse di amogelang HRWS ka tlhamalalo di akaretsa Tumalano ya 1979 ya go Fedisa Mefuta Yotlhe ya Kgethololo Kgatlhanong le Basadi (CEDAW) le Tumalano ya 1989 ya Ditshwanelo tsa Ngwana (CRC). Tshwanelo ya batho ya metsi le kgweleloleswe (HRWS) ke molawana o o tlhalosang gore metsi a a phepa a go nwa le kgeleloleswe ke tshwanelo ya batho ya lefatshe lotlhe. Se se nna jalo ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa tsone jo bo kwa godimo mo go tshegetseng botshelo jwa motho mongwe le mongwe. Batshwaedi ba le bantsi ba theile ngangisano ya bone ya go nna teng ga tshwanelo eno mo mabakeng a a ikemetseng ka nosi go tswa mo tshwetsong ya Kokoanokakaretso ya 2010, jaaka athokile ya 11.1 ya kgolagano ya boditshabatshaba ya dintswanelo tsa ikonomi,loago le setso (ICESCR).Mo gare ga barulaganyi bao, ba ba amogelang gore go na le molaomogolo wa mafatshefatshe o o tlamang (''ius cogens'') e bile ba tsaya gore o akaretsa dintlha tsa Tumalano, ba dumela gore tshwanelo e e ntseng jalo ke molaomotheo o o tlamang mafatshefatshe otlhe ka fa molaong wa mafatshe. Ditumalano tse dingwe tse di tlhagisang ka phepafalo Tshwanelo ya Botho ya Metsi le Boitekanelo (HRWS) di akaretsa Tumalano ya 1979 ya go Fedisa Mekgwa Otlhe ya Kgethololo kgatlhanong le Basadi (CEDAW) le Tumalano ya 1989 ya Ditshwanelo tsa Ngwana (CRC). Tlhaloso e e tlhamaletseng thata ya tshwanelo ya botho ya metsi e ne ya ntshiwa ke Komiti ya Ditšhabakopano ya Ditshwanelo tsa Ikonomi, Loago le Setso mo Tshwaelong ka Kakaretso 15 e e kwadilweng ka 2002. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} General Comment No. 15: The Right to Water (Arts. 11 and 12 of the Covenant) |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4538838d11.html |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> E ne e le tlhaloso e e sa tlameng gore go fitlhelela metsi e ne e le maemo a go itumelela tshwanelo ya go nna le maemo a a kwa godimo a a lekaneng a botshelo . maemo a boitekanelo a a ka fitlhelelwang, mme ka jalo e le tshwanelo ya botho. E ne ya bolela jaana: "Tshwanelo ya batho ya go bona metsi e naya mongwe le mongwe tshwanelo ya go bona metsi a a lekaneng, a a babalesegileng, a a amogelesegang, a a fitlhelegang le a a rekegang a a dirisiwang ke motho ka namana le mo gae." <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=The human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation |url=http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/The%20Human%20Rights%20To%20Water%20And%20Sanitation%20UN%20resolution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825141743/http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/The |archive-date=25 August 2017 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Ditshwetso tsa ntlha ka ga HRWS di ne tsa fetisiwa ke Kokoano Kakaretso ya UN le Lekgotla la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho tsa UN ka 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Resolution adopted by the General Assembly |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/berkley-center/100308UNARES64292.pdf |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Di ne tsa bolela gore go na le tshwanelo ya batho ya go nna le kgeleloleswe e e golaganeng le tshwanelo ya batho ya go nna le metsi, ka gonne go tlhoka kgeleloleswe go fokotsa boleng jwa metsi kwa tlase ga noka, ka jalo dipuisano tse di latelang di ne tsa tswelela go gatelela botho. Ka Phukwi 2010, Tshwetso ya Kokoanokakaretso ya Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng (UN) ya 64/292 e ne ya tlhomamisa gape tshwanelo ya batho ya go bona ditirelo tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe tse di babalesegileng, tse di sa tureng le tse di phepa tse di fitlhelegang. Ka nako ya Kokoano Kakaretso eo, e ne ya bolela gore gore go tlhaloganngwe go itumelela botshelo le ditshwanelo tsotlhe tsa batho, metsi a a babalesegileng le a a phepa a a nowang mmogo le kgeleloleswe di amogelwa jaaka tshwanelo ya batho. Tshwetso ya Kokoano Kakaretso ya 64/292 ya go tlhomamisa tshwanelo ya batho e e gololesegileng ya go bona metsi a a nowang a a babalesegileng le a a phepa le kgeleloleswe e tsosa dikgang tse di amanang le ditshwanelo tsa puso tsa taolo le maikarabelo a go netefatsa metsi ao le kgeleloleswe. Lenaneo la Tlhabololo la Ditšhabakopano le tlhalositse gore go lemoga ka bophara botlhokwa jwa go fitlhelela ditirelo tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe tse di ikanyegang le tse di phepa go tla rotloetsa katoloso e e anameng ya phitlhelelo ya botshelo jo bo itekanetseng le jo bo kgotsofatsang. Tshwetso e e tlhabolotsweng ya UN ka 2015 e ne ya tlhomolola gore ditshwanelo tse pedi tseno di ne di farologane mme di a lekana. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=The human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation |url=http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/The%20Human%20Rights%20To%20Water%20And%20Sanitation%20UN%20resolution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825141743/http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/The |archive-date=25 August 2017 |access-date=27 November 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170825141743/http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/The "The human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation"]. Archived from [http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/The%20Human%20Rights%20To%20Water%20And%20Sanitation%20UN%20resolution.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> 9wjf9wo40u09x0d43e1rimwalzwwq4k 50608 50607 2026-06-13T12:03:27Z Temptious 11766 50608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tshwanelo ya botho ya metsi le kgeleloleswe''' ( '''HRWS''' ) ke molawana o o bolelang gore [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a phepa a go nwa]] le [[Sanitation|kgeleloleswe]] ke [[Ditshwanelo tsa setho|tshwanelo ya botho]] ya lefatshe lotlhe. Se se nna jalo ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa tsone jo bo kwa godimo mo go tshegetseng botshelo jwa motho mongwe le mongwe. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015. Focus Areas: The human right to water and sanitation |url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml |access-date=12 December 2020 |website=United Nations |language=EN}}</ref> E amogetswe jaaka tshwanelo ya batho ke [[United Nations General Assembly|Kokoanokakaretso ya Ditšhabakopano]] ka la bo 28 Phukwi 2010. <ref name="HRWS">{{Cite web |date=August 2010 |title=Resolution 64/292: The human right to water and sanitation |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/64/292 |access-date=13 October 2018 |website=United Nations}}</ref> HRWS e amogetswe mo [[International law|molaong wa boditšhabatšhaba]] ka [[International human rights law|ditumalano tsa ditshwanelo tsa botho]], dikgoeletso le maemo a mangwe . Batshwaedi bangwe ba theile ngangisano ya go nna teng ga tshwanelo ya batho ya lefatshe lotlhe ya metsi mo mabakeng a a ikemetseng ka nosi mo tshwetsong ya Kokoano Kakaretso ya 2010, jaaka Athikele 11.1 ya [[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights|Kgolagano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Ditshwanelo tsa Ikonomi, Loago le Setso]] (ICESCR); gareng ga batshwaedi bao, ba ba amogelang gore go na le ''[[ius cogens]]'' ya boditšhabatšhaba mme ba e tsaya e akaretsa dipeelo tsa Kgolagano ba tsaya gore tshwanelo e e ntseng jalo ke molaomotheo o o tlamang lefatshe lotlhe wa molao wa boditšhabatšhaba. Ditumalano tse dingwe tse di amogelang HRWS ka tlhamalalo di akaretsa [[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women|Tumalano ya 1979 ya go Fedisa Mefuta Yotlhe ya Kgethololo Kgatlhanong le Basadi]] (CEDAW) le [[Convention on the Rights of the Child|Tumalano ya 1989 ya Ditshwanelo tsa Ngwana]] (CRC). qfn9d6fufwpoocjz3qufcv1rohsag2x 0 13583 50637 2026-06-13T14:25:13Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356418608|Keith Godard]]" 50637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keith Godard''' (Motsheganong a le masome a mararo le motso ka 1938 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ka 2020) e ne e le motaki wa ditshwantsho yo o tsholetsweng kwa Boritane le motlhami yo o neng a dira kwa toropong ya [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=14 August 2004|title=Making Sense of New York from 86 Stories Up|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html?_r=0}}</ref> E ne e le motaki yo mogolo kwa StudioWorks. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == == Tiro == == Ditshupo == == Dikgatiso tse di akaretsang tiro ya gagwe == * ''This Way -- That Way Lars Muller Publishers {{ISBN|3-907078-63-2}}'' * ''Design Firms Open For Business Steve Heller /Lita Talarico {{ISBN|1581159307}}'' * ''All Men Are Brothers Published by Hesign, China 2006 {{ISBN|3-9810544-0-7}}'' * ''Signs and Spaces'' Publisher: Rockport Publishers, 1994 ** "Keith Godard" ka Laetitia Costes, in ''graphé'' Bulletin de l’association pour la promotion de l’art typographique No 59, July 2014, pages 8 – 15 == Metswedi == gif3qr1li0hz3tmpxivc8u8n90wz0yr 50638 50637 2026-06-13T14:28:53Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356418608|Keith Godard]]" 50638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keith Godard''' (Motsheganong a le masome a mararo le motso ka 1938 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ka 2020) e ne e le motaki wa ditshwantsho yo o tsholetsweng kwa Boritane le motlhami yo o neng a dira kwa toropong ya [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=14 August 2004|title=Making Sense of New York from 86 Stories Up|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html?_r=0}}</ref> E ne e le motaki yo mogolo kwa StudioWorks. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Godard o tsholetswe kwa Lontone<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=2004-08-14|title=Making Sense of New York, From 86 Stories Up; Views From the Empire State Building, Mapped Out in Steel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le mogatisi wa ditshwantsho tsa puso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard Obituary (2020) - New York, NY - New York Times |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/keith-godard-obituary?id=52002867 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> Ka 1951, rraagwe o ne a mo isa kwa Moletlong wa Boritane o o neng wa mo tlhagisetsa dipolane tsa segompieno tsa dingwaga tsa bo 1950 tse di dirilweng ke tiro ya ga [[FHK Henrion]], [[Abram Games]], James Gardiner le boagi jwa 'Dome of Discovery' le 'Skylon'. O ne a ithuta le go aloga kwa London College of Printing and Graphic Art<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lupton |first=Ellen |author-link=Ellen Lupton |date=2020-05-20 |title=Keith Godard (1938–2020) {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.cooperhewitt.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ka 1962<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard – Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) – 512 creative professionals from 46 countries |url=https://a-g-i.org/user/keithgodard/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) |language=en}}</ref> mme a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe ka thuso e e feletseng ya madi a go ithuta go tswa kwa Lekgotleng la Kgaolo ya London go dira MFA ya go dira dithuto tsa go tlhama ditshwantsho kwaYale University School of Art and Architecture<ref name=":1" /> ka 1967.<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == == Ditshupo == == Dikgatiso tse di akaretsang tiro ya gagwe == * ''This Way -- That Way Lars Muller Publishers {{ISBN|3-907078-63-2}}'' * ''Design Firms Open For Business Steve Heller /Lita Talarico {{ISBN|1581159307}}'' * ''All Men Are Brothers Published by Hesign, China 2006 {{ISBN|3-9810544-0-7}}'' * ''Signs and Spaces'' Publisher: Rockport Publishers, 1994 ** "Keith Godard" ka Laetitia Costes, in ''graphé'' Bulletin de l’association pour la promotion de l’art typographique No 59, July 2014, pages 8 – 15 == Metswedi == avjc0gjfvr26ovh53yvf1a4m0ahz0t4 50639 50638 2026-06-13T14:33:08Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356418608|Keith Godard]]" 50639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keith Godard''' (Motsheganong a le masome a mararo le motso ka 1938 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ka 2020) e ne e le motaki wa ditshwantsho yo o tsholetsweng kwa Boritane le motlhami yo o neng a dira kwa toropong ya [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=14 August 2004|title=Making Sense of New York from 86 Stories Up|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html?_r=0}}</ref> E ne e le motaki yo mogolo kwa StudioWorks. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Godard o tsholetswe kwa Lontone<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=2004-08-14|title=Making Sense of New York, From 86 Stories Up; Views From the Empire State Building, Mapped Out in Steel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le mogatisi wa ditshwantsho tsa puso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard Obituary (2020) - New York, NY - New York Times |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/keith-godard-obituary?id=52002867 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> Ka 1951, rraagwe o ne a mo isa kwa Moletlong wa Boritane o o neng wa mo tlhagisetsa dipolane tsa segompieno tsa dingwaga tsa bo 1950 tse di dirilweng ke tiro ya ga [[FHK Henrion]], [[Abram Games]], James Gardiner le boagi jwa 'Dome of Discovery' le 'Skylon'. O ne a ithuta le go aloga kwa London College of Printing and Graphic Art<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lupton |first=Ellen |author-link=Ellen Lupton |date=2020-05-20 |title=Keith Godard (1938–2020) {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.cooperhewitt.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ka 1962<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard – Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) – 512 creative professionals from 46 countries |url=https://a-g-i.org/user/keithgodard/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) |language=en}}</ref> mme a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe ka thuso e e feletseng ya madi a go ithuta go tswa kwa Lekgotleng la Kgaolo ya London go dira MFA ya go dira dithuto tsa go tlhama ditshwantsho kwaYale University School of Art and Architecture<ref name=":1" /> ka 1967.<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne e le kwa go [[George Him]], motlhami le motshwantshi wa kwa Poland. Morago ga moo o ne a berekela ''Town Magazine'' kwa a neng a ikarabela ka dithulaganyo tsa go thaepa. O ne a direla ''Lokwalo la The Weekend Telegraph'' ka nakwana go simolola ka 1964 go ya go 1965, pele ga a ya kwa Sekolong sa Dialogane kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Yale]]. Fa a sena go aloga, Godard o ne a bereka kwa [[Lokwalong la Fortune|lokwalong la ''Fortune'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memories of Twenty-Third Street |url=https://www.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/memories-of-twenty-third-street |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> dikgwedi di le thataro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTypeRoom">TypeRoom. [https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words "Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom"]. ''www.typeroom.eu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> Godard, le Craig Hodgetts, Bob Mangurian le Lester Walker, ba ne ba bopa Works design Group ka 1968. Tlhamo ya bone ya ntlha e ne e le lebentlele la [[Creative Playthings]]. Godard o ne a tlhama karolo ya mekwalo. == Ditshupo == == Dikgatiso tse di akaretsang tiro ya gagwe == * ''This Way -- That Way Lars Muller Publishers {{ISBN|3-907078-63-2}}'' * ''Design Firms Open For Business Steve Heller /Lita Talarico {{ISBN|1581159307}}'' * ''All Men Are Brothers Published by Hesign, China 2006 {{ISBN|3-9810544-0-7}}'' * ''Signs and Spaces'' Publisher: Rockport Publishers, 1994 ** "Keith Godard" ka Laetitia Costes, in ''graphé'' Bulletin de l’association pour la promotion de l’art typographique No 59, July 2014, pages 8 – 15 == Metswedi == f4v5mnu23quqlgxn8kj601wn4nin40l 50640 50639 2026-06-13T14:37:11Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356418608|Keith Godard]]" 50640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keith Godard''' (Motsheganong a le masome a mararo le motso ka 1938 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ka 2020) e ne e le motaki wa ditshwantsho yo o tsholetsweng kwa Boritane le motlhami yo o neng a dira kwa toropong ya [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=14 August 2004|title=Making Sense of New York from 86 Stories Up|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html?_r=0}}</ref> E ne e le motaki yo mogolo kwa StudioWorks. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Godard o tsholetswe kwa Lontone<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=2004-08-14|title=Making Sense of New York, From 86 Stories Up; Views From the Empire State Building, Mapped Out in Steel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le mogatisi wa ditshwantsho tsa puso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard Obituary (2020) - New York, NY - New York Times |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/keith-godard-obituary?id=52002867 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> Ka 1951, rraagwe o ne a mo isa kwa Moletlong wa Boritane o o neng wa mo tlhagisetsa dipolane tsa segompieno tsa dingwaga tsa bo 1950 tse di dirilweng ke tiro ya ga [[FHK Henrion]], [[Abram Games]], James Gardiner le boagi jwa 'Dome of Discovery' le 'Skylon'. O ne a ithuta le go aloga kwa London College of Printing and Graphic Art<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lupton |first=Ellen |author-link=Ellen Lupton |date=2020-05-20 |title=Keith Godard (1938–2020) {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.cooperhewitt.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ka 1962<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard – Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) – 512 creative professionals from 46 countries |url=https://a-g-i.org/user/keithgodard/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) |language=en}}</ref> mme a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe ka thuso e e feletseng ya madi a go ithuta go tswa kwa Lekgotleng la Kgaolo ya London go dira MFA ya go dira dithuto tsa go tlhama ditshwantsho kwaYale University School of Art and Architecture<ref name=":1" /> ka 1967.<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne e le kwa go [[George Him]], motlhami le motshwantshi wa kwa Poland. Morago ga moo o ne a berekela ''Town Magazine'' kwa a neng a ikarabela ka dithulaganyo tsa go thaepa. O ne a direla ''Lokwalo la The Weekend Telegraph'' ka nakwana go simolola ka 1964 go ya go 1965, pele ga a ya kwa Sekolong sa Dialogane kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Yale]]. Fa a sena go aloga, Godard o ne a bereka kwa [[Lokwalong la Fortune|lokwalong la ''Fortune'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memories of Twenty-Third Street |url=https://www.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/memories-of-twenty-third-street |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> dikgwedi di le thataro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTypeRoom">TypeRoom. [https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words "Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom"]. ''www.typeroom.eu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> Godard, le Craig Hodgetts, Bob Mangurian le Lester Walker, ba ne ba bopa Works design Group ka 1968. Tlhamo ya bone ya ntlha e ne e le lebentlele la [[Creative Playthings]]. Godard o ne a tlhama karolo ya mekwalo. Go tloga ka 1975 go fitlha ka 1985 o ne a dira le balekane ba basha, e bong Hans van Dijk le Stephanie Tevonian. Ka nako eo o ne a tlhama ka tirisanommogo le [[Edwin Schlossberg]] ditshupo tsa kwa ntle tsa Polase ya Macomber, Ditshupo tsa Ngwagakgolo wa [[Borogo jwa Brooklyn]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Keith Godard |url=https://centerforbookarts.org/people/keith-godard |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Center for Book Arts |language=en-US}}</ref> Pavilion ya Ntlo ya Setso ya Amerika, ‘In the Picture’ sa Motlobo wa ditso wa Bajuta, dikarolo tsa ditshupo tsa Motlobo wa ditso wa PT Barnum wa ‘Botaki jwa bana go tswa kwa Armenia’ ya kwa Motlobong wa ditso wa Botaki wa Manhattan’, le ditshupo tse nne tse di tsamayang tsa Ditheo tsa Lekgotla la Ditshaba. == Ditshupo == == Dikgatiso tse di akaretsang tiro ya gagwe == * ''This Way -- That Way Lars Muller Publishers {{ISBN|3-907078-63-2}}'' * ''Design Firms Open For Business Steve Heller /Lita Talarico {{ISBN|1581159307}}'' * ''All Men Are Brothers Published by Hesign, China 2006 {{ISBN|3-9810544-0-7}}'' * ''Signs and Spaces'' Publisher: Rockport Publishers, 1994 ** "Keith Godard" ka Laetitia Costes, in ''graphé'' Bulletin de l’association pour la promotion de l’art typographique No 59, July 2014, pages 8 – 15 == Metswedi == cz86633xaxgz8yftfurv4air0n1xhuc 50641 50640 2026-06-13T14:45:22Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356418608|Keith Godard]]" 50641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keith Godard''' (Motsheganong a le masome a mararo le motso ka 1938 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ka 2020) e ne e le motaki wa ditshwantsho yo o tsholetsweng kwa Boritane le motlhami yo o neng a dira kwa toropong ya [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=14 August 2004|title=Making Sense of New York from 86 Stories Up|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html?_r=0}}</ref> E ne e le motaki yo mogolo kwa StudioWorks. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Godard o tsholetswe kwa Lontone<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=2004-08-14|title=Making Sense of New York, From 86 Stories Up; Views From the Empire State Building, Mapped Out in Steel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le mogatisi wa ditshwantsho tsa puso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard Obituary (2020) - New York, NY - New York Times |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/keith-godard-obituary?id=52002867 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> Ka 1951, rraagwe o ne a mo isa kwa Moletlong wa Boritane o o neng wa mo tlhagisetsa dipolane tsa segompieno tsa dingwaga tsa bo 1950 tse di dirilweng ke tiro ya ga [[FHK Henrion]], [[Abram Games]], James Gardiner le boagi jwa 'Dome of Discovery' le 'Skylon'. O ne a ithuta le go aloga kwa London College of Printing and Graphic Art<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lupton |first=Ellen |author-link=Ellen Lupton |date=2020-05-20 |title=Keith Godard (1938–2020) {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.cooperhewitt.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ka 1962<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard – Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) – 512 creative professionals from 46 countries |url=https://a-g-i.org/user/keithgodard/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) |language=en}}</ref> mme a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe ka thuso e e feletseng ya madi a go ithuta go tswa kwa Lekgotleng la Kgaolo ya London go dira MFA ya go dira dithuto tsa go tlhama ditshwantsho kwaYale University School of Art and Architecture<ref name=":1" /> ka 1967.<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne e le kwa go [[George Him]], motlhami le motshwantshi wa kwa Poland. Morago ga moo o ne a berekela ''Town Magazine'' kwa a neng a ikarabela ka dithulaganyo tsa go thaepa. O ne a direla ''Lokwalo la The Weekend Telegraph'' ka nakwana go simolola ka 1964 go ya go 1965, pele ga a ya kwa Sekolong sa Dialogane kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Yale]]. Fa a sena go aloga, Godard o ne a bereka kwa [[Lokwalong la Fortune|lokwalong la ''Fortune'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memories of Twenty-Third Street |url=https://www.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/memories-of-twenty-third-street |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> dikgwedi di le thataro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTypeRoom">TypeRoom. [https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words "Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom"]. ''www.typeroom.eu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> Godard, le Craig Hodgetts, Bob Mangurian le Lester Walker, ba ne ba bopa Works design Group ka 1968. Tlhamo ya bone ya ntlha e ne e le lebentlele la [[Creative Playthings]]. Godard o ne a tlhama karolo ya mekwalo. Go tloga ka 1975 go fitlha ka 1985 o ne a dira le balekane ba basha, e bong Hans van Dijk le Stephanie Tevonian. Ka nako eo o ne a tlhama ka tirisanommogo le [[Edwin Schlossberg]] ditshupo tsa kwa ntle tsa Polase ya Macomber, Ditshupo tsa Ngwagakgolo wa [[Borogo jwa Brooklyn]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Keith Godard |url=https://centerforbookarts.org/people/keith-godard |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Center for Book Arts |language=en-US}}</ref> Pavilion ya Ntlo ya Setso ya Amerika, ‘In the Picture’ sa Motlobo wa ditso wa Bajuta, dikarolo tsa ditshupo tsa Motlobo wa ditso wa PT Barnum wa ‘Botaki jwa bana go tswa kwa Armenia’ ya kwa Motlobong wa ditso wa Botaki wa Manhattan’, le ditshupo tse nne tse di tsamayang tsa Ditheo tsa Lekgotla la Ditshaba. Ka 1986 Godard o ne a tlhama Studio Works <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lupton |first=Ellen |author-link=Ellen Lupton |date=2020-05-20 |title=Keith Godard (1938–2020) {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.cooperhewitt.org |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLupton2020">[[Ellen Lupton|Lupton, Ellen]] (2020-05-20). [https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ "Keith Godard (1938–2020) | Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum"]. ''www.cooperhewitt.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> kwa a neng a le motlhami yo mogolo, a itsege ka go tlhama ditshupo, go batla tsela le botaki jwa setšhaba. O ne a tlhama le go aga ditshupo tsa 'Steel, Stone and Backbone, Building NYC Subways 1900–1925' ya [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Dipalamo wa Brooklyn]], le ditsamaiso tsa matshwao le ditshupiso tsa [[Lincoln Center]] le matshwao a Lephata la bodiragatsi jwa Tiragatso ya [[Yunibesithi ya Cornell]] a moagi [[James Stirling]]. O ne a tlhama ''Memories of Twenty-Third Street'', e leng setshwantsho se se takilweng mo leboteng sa Bodiragatsi jwa Dipalamo tsa MTA se se neng se tsentswe mo seteišeneng sa terena e e tsamayang ka fa tlase ga lefatshe sa Mmila wa Masome a mabedi le boraro mo moleng wa R ka 2003. Go tloga ka 2000 go fitlha ka 2009 o ne a tlhama motseletsele wa ditshwantsho tsa dithuto tsa boagi tse di segilweng ka di-die tsa [[Sekolo sa Boagi]] kwa Yunibesithing ya Virginia kwa Charlottesville. Ka 2015 o ne a tlhama mekwalo tse di ka sekasekiwang tsa ditiriso ka diforomo tsa go gatisa le tsa dipota.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTypeRoom">TypeRoom. [https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words "Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom"]. ''www.typeroom.eu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ditshupo == == Dikgatiso tse di akaretsang tiro ya gagwe == * ''This Way -- That Way Lars Muller Publishers {{ISBN|3-907078-63-2}}'' * ''Design Firms Open For Business Steve Heller /Lita Talarico {{ISBN|1581159307}}'' * ''All Men Are Brothers Published by Hesign, China 2006 {{ISBN|3-9810544-0-7}}'' * ''Signs and Spaces'' Publisher: Rockport Publishers, 1994 ** "Keith Godard" ka Laetitia Costes, in ''graphé'' Bulletin de l’association pour la promotion de l’art typographique No 59, July 2014, pages 8 – 15 == Metswedi == rvsq4mz74lb2gmicqzqvf6um9o1jy92 50642 50641 2026-06-13T14:47:15Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356418608|Keith Godard]]" 50642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keith Godard''' (Motsheganong a le masome a mararo le motso ka 1938 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane ka 2020) e ne e le motaki wa ditshwantsho yo o tsholetsweng kwa Boritane le motlhami yo o neng a dira kwa toropong ya [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=14 August 2004|title=Making Sense of New York from 86 Stories Up|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html?_r=0}}</ref> E ne e le motaki yo mogolo kwa StudioWorks. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Godard o tsholetswe kwa Lontone<ref>{{Cite news|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=2004-08-14|title=Making Sense of New York, From 86 Stories Up; Views From the Empire State Building, Mapped Out in Steel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/14/nyregion/making-sense-new-york-86-stories-up-views-empire-state-building-mapped-steel.html|work=The New York Times}}</ref> ka nako ya [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le mogatisi wa ditshwantsho tsa puso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard Obituary (2020) - New York, NY - New York Times |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/keith-godard-obituary?id=52002867 |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> Ka 1951, rraagwe o ne a mo isa kwa Moletlong wa Boritane o o neng wa mo tlhagisetsa dipolane tsa segompieno tsa dingwaga tsa bo 1950 tse di dirilweng ke tiro ya ga [[FHK Henrion]], [[Abram Games]], James Gardiner le boagi jwa 'Dome of Discovery' le 'Skylon'. O ne a ithuta le go aloga kwa London College of Printing and Graphic Art<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lupton |first=Ellen |author-link=Ellen Lupton |date=2020-05-20 |title=Keith Godard (1938–2020) {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.cooperhewitt.org |language=en-US}}</ref> ka 1962<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keith Godard – Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) – 512 creative professionals from 46 countries |url=https://a-g-i.org/user/keithgodard/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI) |language=en}}</ref> mme a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe ka thuso e e feletseng ya madi a go ithuta go tswa kwa Lekgotleng la Kgaolo ya London go dira MFA ya go dira dithuto tsa go tlhama ditshwantsho kwaYale University School of Art and Architecture<ref name=":1" /> ka 1967.<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne e le kwa go [[George Him]], motlhami le motshwantshi wa kwa Poland. Morago ga moo o ne a berekela ''Town Magazine'' kwa a neng a ikarabela ka dithulaganyo tsa go thaepa. O ne a direla ''Lokwalo la The Weekend Telegraph'' ka nakwana go simolola ka 1964 go ya go 1965, pele ga a ya kwa Sekolong sa Dialogane kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Yale]]. Fa a sena go aloga, Godard o ne a bereka kwa [[Lokwalong la Fortune|lokwalong la ''Fortune'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memories of Twenty-Third Street |url=https://www.mta.info/agency/arts-design/collection/memories-of-twenty-third-street |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> dikgwedi di le thataro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTypeRoom">TypeRoom. [https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words "Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom"]. ''www.typeroom.eu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> Godard, le Craig Hodgetts, Bob Mangurian le Lester Walker, ba ne ba bopa Works design Group ka 1968. Tlhamo ya bone ya ntlha e ne e le lebentlele la [[Creative Playthings]]. Godard o ne a tlhama karolo ya mekwalo. Go tloga ka 1975 go fitlha ka 1985 o ne a dira le balekane ba basha, e bong Hans van Dijk le Stephanie Tevonian. Ka nako eo o ne a tlhama ka tirisanommogo le [[Edwin Schlossberg]] ditshupo tsa kwa ntle tsa Polase ya Macomber, Ditshupo tsa Ngwagakgolo wa [[Borogo jwa Brooklyn]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Keith Godard |url=https://centerforbookarts.org/people/keith-godard |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=Center for Book Arts |language=en-US}}</ref> Pavilion ya Ntlo ya Setso ya Amerika, ‘In the Picture’ sa Motlobo wa ditso wa Bajuta, dikarolo tsa ditshupo tsa Motlobo wa ditso wa PT Barnum wa ‘Botaki jwa bana go tswa kwa Armenia’ ya kwa Motlobong wa ditso wa Botaki wa Manhattan’, le ditshupo tse nne tse di tsamayang tsa Ditheo tsa Lekgotla la Ditshaba. Ka 1986 Godard o ne a tlhama Studio Works <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lupton |first=Ellen |author-link=Ellen Lupton |date=2020-05-20 |title=Keith Godard (1938–2020) {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.cooperhewitt.org |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLupton2020">[[Ellen Lupton|Lupton, Ellen]] (2020-05-20). [https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ "Keith Godard (1938–2020) | Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum"]. ''www.cooperhewitt.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> kwa a neng a le motlhami yo mogolo, a itsege ka go tlhama ditshupo, go batla tsela le botaki jwa setšhaba. O ne a tlhama le go aga ditshupo tsa 'Steel, Stone and Backbone, Building NYC Subways 1900–1925' ya [[Motlobo wa ditso wa Dipalamo wa Brooklyn]], le ditsamaiso tsa matshwao le ditshupiso tsa [[Lincoln Center]] le matshwao a Lephata la bodiragatsi jwa Tiragatso ya [[Yunibesithi ya Cornell]] a moagi [[James Stirling]]. O ne a tlhama ''Memories of Twenty-Third Street'', e leng setshwantsho se se takilweng mo leboteng sa Bodiragatsi jwa Dipalamo tsa MTA se se neng se tsentswe mo seteišeneng sa terena e e tsamayang ka fa tlase ga lefatshe sa Mmila wa Masome a mabedi le boraro mo moleng wa R ka 2003. Go tloga ka 2000 go fitlha ka 2009 o ne a tlhama motseletsele wa ditshwantsho tsa dithuto tsa boagi tse di segilweng ka di-die tsa [[Sekolo sa Boagi]] kwa Yunibesithing ya Virginia kwa Charlottesville. Ka 2015 o ne a tlhama mekwalo tse di ka sekasekiwang tsa ditiriso ka diforomo tsa go gatisa le tsa dipota.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=TypeRoom |title=Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom |url=https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.typeroom.eu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTypeRoom">TypeRoom. [https://www.typeroom.eu/keith-godard-in-his-own-words "Keith Godard in his own words - TypeRoom"]. ''www.typeroom.eu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ditshupo == * 'Image of the Studio' group exhibition Cooper Union Art Gallery 2014 * 'Unfolding Keith Godard' The 0-0-0-art-space Hangzhou P.R. China, 2011 * Nanjing University School of Design P.R. China, 2012 * 'Le Périgord et New York en Images' Le Musée des Bastides, Monpazier, France, 2008 * Les Musées des Belvès, France, 2009, 2012 * 'This Way That Way': a retrospective of work 1963-2003' Rosenwald-Wolff Gallery, Philadelphia, 2004 * Cooper Union School of Art Gallery, 2005<ref>{{Cite news|title=Elevating the field of graphic design|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1121878386/|access-date=2026-03-04|work=[[The Star-Ledger]]|pages=47}}</ref> * 'Images of an Era: The American Poster 1945-75' The Corcoran Gallery, Washington 1976 * Collection of work in The Museum of Modern Art, Le Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, * The Cooper-Hewitt Museum, Smithsonian Institution, The Cooper Union<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lupton |first=Ellen |author-link=Ellen Lupton |date=2020-05-20 |title=Keith Godard (1938–2020) {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=www.cooperhewitt.org |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLupton2020">[[Ellen Lupton|Lupton, Ellen]] (2020-05-20). [https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2020/05/20/keith-godard-1938-2020/ "Keith Godard (1938–2020) | Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum"]. ''www.cooperhewitt.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> * National Archives kwa Washington DC == Dikgatiso tse di akaretsang tiro ya gagwe == * ''This Way -- That Way Lars Muller Publishers {{ISBN|3-907078-63-2}}'' * ''Design Firms Open For Business Steve Heller /Lita Talarico {{ISBN|1581159307}}'' * ''All Men Are Brothers Published by Hesign, China 2006 {{ISBN|3-9810544-0-7}}'' * ''Signs and Spaces'' Publisher: Rockport Publishers, 1994 ** "Keith Godard" ka Laetitia Costes, in ''graphé'' Bulletin de l’association pour la promotion de l’art typographique No 59, July 2014, pages 8 – 15 == Metswedi == oilmh8bzkgljmbu8a5jw1jaixgoles6 0 13584 50643 2026-06-13T14:55:08Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355861868|Netsai Marova]]" 50643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Netsai Marova''' ke molwela-letsholo la basha wa kwa Zimbabwe wa [[Movement for Democratic Change]], yo o neng a thopiwa malatsi a le mabedi kwa boipelaetsong jo bo neng bo le kgatlhanong le puso ka Motsheganong 2020. Jaaka moithuti kwa Chinhoyi University of Technology a le dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano, Marova o ne a tlhomolola boemo jo bo kotsi jwa baithuti ba basadi koo ka 2017. O ne a gakololwa ke Mopalamente [[Joana Mamombe]], moithuti ka ene wa Chinhoyi, mme le ene o ne a thusa basetsana ba bannye kwa [[Mabvuku]] ka tsela e e tshwanang. Ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2020 ene le basadi ba bangwe ba babedi, Mopalamente Joana Mamombe le molweladitshwanelo ka ene wa basha [[Cecilia Chimbiri]], ba ne ba thopiwa ke batlhasedi ba ba neng ba iphitlhile difatlhego kwa boipelaetsong jwa kwa [[Harare]] kgatlhanong le go palelwa ga puso ke go tlamela bahumanegi ka nako ya leroborobo la COVID-19. Malatsi a mabedi moragonyana, basadi ba ne ba fitlhelwa, ba gobetse thata e bile ba utlwile botlhoko thata, fa thoko ga tsela dimaele di le masome a marataro go tswa kwa Harare. Ba ne ba bega gore ba ne ba bogisiwa le go tlhaselwa gangwe le gape ka tlhakanelodikobo. Basadi ba bararo ba ba ne ba latofadiwa ka "go tlhaeletsana ka maaka" ka ntlha ya dipolelo tsa bone tsa gore ba ne ba thopiwa, ba bogisiwa le go tshwarwa ke batho ba ba sa itsiweng. Ka Phatwe 2020 ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa kgotlatshekelong, mme tsheko ya bone e ne ya busediwa morago go fitlha ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano. Leina la modiredi wa Kokoano ya Basha ya MDC Alliance yo o sa boifeng Netsai Marova le tlhageletse mo lenaaneng la Gumiguru la baeteledipele ba basha ba ba tlhagelelang ba le masome a matlhano ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le masome a mararo kwa Zimbabwe. Netsai o mo maemong a borataro. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Padi tse dingwe == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] clfzqqo0b0tj7j1zov22v5g8vxwksu7 0 13585 50644 2026-06-13T14:59:44Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349107263|Rita Nyampinga]]" 50644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dr''' '''Beauty Rita Nyampinga''' (o tshotswe ka 1958) ke molwela letsholo la [[Zimbabwe]] la magolegwa a basadi. O ne a tlhophiwa go nna [[Mosadi wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Bopelokgale]] ka Mopitlo 2020 ke Mokwaledi wa Naga wa United States.<ref name="iwoc">{{Cite web |title=2020 International Women of Courage Award |url=https://www.state.gov/2020-international-women-of-courage-award/ |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kwa morago == Beauty Rita Nyampinga o tshotswe ka 1958. O ne a tsenelela mokgatlho wa badiri ka 1983 mme seno sa dira gore a thulane le balaodi. Ka ngwaga wa 2007 o ne a ipelaetsa ka ga go tlhoka go nna teng ga melemo ya [[diritibatsi tsa twantsho mogare]] fa a tshwarwa. Fa a ntse a golegilwe bosigo jotlhe o ne a lemoga maemo a a boitshegang a magolegwa. Basadi ba le barataro ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go abelana kgamelo ya ntlwana mme go latlha mesangwana e e dirisitsweng go ne go tlhabisa ditlhong e bile go le thata. O ne a swetsa ka gore o tshwanetse go thusa batho ba ba tshwanang le ene ba ba tshwerweng mme ba golegilwe ka nako e telele. O ne a swetsa ka gore go tshoga mo go utlwisang botlhoko ga kgolegelo go ne go ama basadi thata go feta banna.<ref name="her">{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=The |title=ICON FOR FEMALE PRISONERS |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/icon-for-female-prisoners/ |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=The Herald |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Dietsele le kakgolo == Ngaka Nyampinga o fentse Molweladitshwanelo tsa Setho wa Mosadi wa Ngwaga ka 2014 go tswa kwa Alpha Media House.<ref name="xx">{{Cite web |title=Biographies of the Finalists for the 2020 International Women of Courage Awards |url=https://www.state.gov/biographies-of-the-finalists-for-the-2020-international-women-of-courage-awards/ |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Nyampinga o ne a tlhophiwa go nna [[Mosadi wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Bopelokgale]] ka Mopitlo 2020 ke Mokwaledi wa Naga wa Amerika.<ref name="iwoc">{{Cite web |title=2020 International Women of Courage Award |url=https://www.state.gov/2020-international-women-of-courage-award/ |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.state.gov/2020-international-women-of-courage-award/ "2020 International Women of Courage Award"]. ''United States Department of State''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] eq32az47e0cqen144zfz8xpo1imiqnx 50645 50644 2026-06-13T15:01:59Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349107263|Rita Nyampinga]]" 50645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dr''' '''Beauty Rita Nyampinga''' (o tshotswe ka 1958) ke molwela letsholo la [[Zimbabwe]] la magolegwa a basadi. O ne a tlhophiwa go nna [[Mosadi wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Bopelokgale]] ka Mopitlo 2020 ke Mokwaledi wa Naga wa United States.<ref name="iwoc">{{Cite web |title=2020 International Women of Courage Award |url=https://www.state.gov/2020-international-women-of-courage-award/ |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kwa morago == Beauty Rita Nyampinga o tshotswe ka 1958. O ne a tsenelela mokgatlho wa badiri ka 1983 mme seno sa dira gore a thulane le balaodi. Ka ngwaga wa 2007 o ne a ipelaetsa ka ga go tlhoka go nna teng ga melemo ya [[diritibatsi tsa twantsho mogare]] fa a tshwarwa. Fa a ntse a golegilwe bosigo jotlhe o ne a lemoga maemo a a boitshegang a magolegwa. Basadi ba le barataro ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go abelana kgamelo ya ntlwana mme go latlha mesangwana e e dirisitsweng go ne go tlhabisa ditlhong e bile go le thata. O ne a swetsa ka gore o tshwanetse go thusa batho ba ba tshwanang le ene ba ba tshwerweng mme ba golegilwe ka nako e telele. O ne a swetsa ka gore go tshoga mo go utlwisang botlhoko ga kgolegelo go ne go ama basadi thata go feta banna.<ref name="her">{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=The |title=ICON FOR FEMALE PRISONERS |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/icon-for-female-prisoners/ |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=The Herald |language=en-GB}}</ref> Dingwaga moragonyana o ne a rulaganya "Female Prisoners Support Trust" e e thusang basadi le bana ba bone ba ba tshwerweng. O ne a nna mokaedi, mme go ne go sena madi e bile go sena ofisi. E ne ya kwadisiwa semmuso ka 2012, mme e ne e ntse e dira go tloga ka 2010.<ref name="her">{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=The |title=ICON FOR FEMALE PRISONERS |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/icon-for-female-prisoners/ |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=The Herald |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHerald">Herald, The. [https://www.herald.co.zw/icon-for-female-prisoners/ "ICON FOR FEMALE PRISONERS"]. ''The Herald''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Basadi ba ba neng ba fetsa katlholo ya bone ba ne ba ka fitlhela gore go gololwa e ne e se bokhutlo jwa kotlhao ya bone. Morago ga dikatlholo tse ditelele tsa melato e e masisi jaaka polao ya masea ba ne ba ka fitlhela gore banna ba bone ba nyetse gape mme malapa a bone a ne a tla ba kgaphela thoko.<ref name="her">{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=The |title=ICON FOR FEMALE PRISONERS |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/icon-for-female-prisoners/ |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=The Herald |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHerald">Herald, The. [https://www.herald.co.zw/icon-for-female-prisoners/ "ICON FOR FEMALE PRISONERS"]. ''The Herald''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> O matlhagatlhaga mo ditirong di le mmalwa mme ke leloko la Mokgatlho wa Crisis in Zimbabwe, Mokgatlho wa Basadi wa Zimbabwe, Sekolo sa Basadi sa Botswerere jwa Boeteledipele jwa Sepolotiki, le Women AIDS Support Network. == Dietsele le kakgolo == Ngaka Nyampinga o fentse Molweladitshwanelo tsa Setho wa Mosadi wa Ngwaga ka 2014 go tswa kwa Alpha Media House.<ref name="xx">{{Cite web |title=Biographies of the Finalists for the 2020 International Women of Courage Awards |url=https://www.state.gov/biographies-of-the-finalists-for-the-2020-international-women-of-courage-awards/ |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Nyampinga o ne a tlhophiwa go nna [[Mosadi wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Bopelokgale]] ka Mopitlo 2020 ke Mokwaledi wa Naga wa Amerika.<ref name="iwoc">{{Cite web |title=2020 International Women of Courage Award |url=https://www.state.gov/2020-international-women-of-courage-award/ |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.state.gov/2020-international-women-of-courage-award/ "2020 International Women of Courage Award"]. ''United States Department of State''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] n7codmy639s4qo5lhqvdl1l1v0adebn 0 13586 50648 2026-06-13T15:26:55Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355524314|Fadzayi Mahere]]" 50648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fadzayi Mahere''' (o tshotswe ka Phukwi a le malatsi a masome mararo ka ngwaga wa 1985) ke mmueledi le lepolotiki la kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe yo o tlogetseng tiro ya go nna Leloko la Palamente la [[Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Mount Pleasant]] kwa [[Harare]].<ref name="Resign">{{Cite news|last=New Ziana|first=|date=29 January 2024|title=CCC Legislator Mahere Resigns from Parly|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/ccc-legislator-mahere-resigns-from-parly/#:~:text=Mahere%20said%20she%20had%20submitted,contaminated%2C%20bastardised%20and%20hijacked%E2%80%9D.}}</ref> E ne e le Mmueledi wa Bosetšhaba wa [[Citizens Coalition for Change]], lekoko la sepolotiki kwa [[Zimbabwe]] magareng ga 2022 le 2023. Morago ga tiro ya gagwe ya go nna mmueledi wa semolao, o ne a tlhagelela mo e ka nnang ka Moranang 2016 la ntlha jaaka ntlhopheng yo o ikemetseng wa palamente, mme a tsaya karolo mo ditlhophong tsa 2018.<ref name="Flood">{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Zoe|date=7 July 2022|title=The Zimbabwean political figure fighting for her country's future|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/longform/2022/7/7/the-zimbabwean-political-leader-fighting-for-her-countrys-future}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 2019 o ne a tsenelela MDC Alliance<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndlovu |first=Mandipa |date=2019-06-20 |title=Zimbabwe: Fadzayi Mahere's move to the MDC Alliance could rejuvenate the party |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-21-zimbabwe-fadzayi-maheres-move-to-the-mdc-alliance-could-rejuvenate-the-party/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> mme morago ga moo a fenya [[Mount Pleasant]] mo ditlhophong tse di kopantsweng tsa 2023 pele ga a tlogela tiro ka Firikgong a le masome a mabedi le borataro ka 2024. Ka nako ya ditshupegetso tsa 2016–2017 tsa Zimbabwe, o ne a tshwarwa makgetlho a le mmalwa. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] k8d3kgrrv8s5068ncfm8lh72miq5u3c 50649 50648 2026-06-13T15:28:32Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355524314|Fadzayi Mahere]]" 50649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fadzayi Mahere''' (o tshotswe ka Phukwi a le malatsi a masome mararo ka ngwaga wa 1985) ke mmueledi le lepolotiki la kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe yo o tlogetseng tiro ya go nna Leloko la Palamente la [[Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Mount Pleasant]] kwa [[Harare]].<ref name="Resign">{{Cite news|last=New Ziana|first=|date=29 January 2024|title=CCC Legislator Mahere Resigns from Parly|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/ccc-legislator-mahere-resigns-from-parly/#:~:text=Mahere%20said%20she%20had%20submitted,contaminated%2C%20bastardised%20and%20hijacked%E2%80%9D.}}</ref> E ne e le Mmueledi wa Bosetšhaba wa [[Citizens Coalition for Change]], lekoko la sepolotiki kwa [[Zimbabwe]] magareng ga 2022 le 2023. Morago ga tiro ya gagwe ya go nna mmueledi wa semolao, o ne a tlhagelela mo e ka nnang ka Moranang 2016 la ntlha jaaka ntlhopheng yo o ikemetseng wa palamente, mme a tsaya karolo mo ditlhophong tsa 2018.<ref name="Flood">{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Zoe|date=7 July 2022|title=The Zimbabwean political figure fighting for her country's future|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/longform/2022/7/7/the-zimbabwean-political-leader-fighting-for-her-countrys-future}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 2019 o ne a tsenelela MDC Alliance<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndlovu |first=Mandipa |date=2019-06-20 |title=Zimbabwe: Fadzayi Mahere's move to the MDC Alliance could rejuvenate the party |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-21-zimbabwe-fadzayi-maheres-move-to-the-mdc-alliance-could-rejuvenate-the-party/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> mme morago ga moo a fenya [[Mount Pleasant]] mo ditlhophong tse di kopantsweng tsa 2023 pele ga a tlogela tiro ka Firikgong a le masome a mabedi le borataro ka 2024. Ka nako ya ditshupegetso tsa 2016–2017 tsa Zimbabwe, o ne a tshwarwa makgetlho a le mmalwa. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Fadzayi Mahere o goletse kwa [[Mount Pleasant]] kwa [[Harare]], mme o tsene [[Sekolo sa Arundel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zvorufura |first=Faith |date=1 December 2017 |title=#16DaysofActivism: Profiling Fadzai Mahere |url=http://www.263chat.com/16daysofactivism-profiling-fadzayi-mahere |website=263 Chat}}</ref> O ne a ikwadisa ka 2004 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]], kwa a neng a bona dikirii ya Bachelor of Law Honors (LLB Hons) ka 2008. Ka 2010 o ne a ikwadisa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cambridge]] go bona dikirii ya Masters ya Melao ya Molao wa Melato ya Boditšhabatšhaba le Dikgetsi tsa Boditšhabatšhaba tsa Kgwebo<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201803080770.html|title=Africa: 10 Inspirational Women You Might Want to Know|date=8 March 2018|work=263Chat|access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 38a2rgyz9dpkg692y1yfuasol3aehg6 50650 50649 2026-06-13T15:32:59Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355524314|Fadzayi Mahere]]" 50650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fadzayi Mahere''' (o tshotswe ka Phukwi a le malatsi a masome mararo ka ngwaga wa 1985) ke mmueledi le lepolotiki la kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe yo o tlogetseng tiro ya go nna Leloko la Palamente la [[Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Mount Pleasant]] kwa [[Harare]].<ref name="Resign">{{Cite news|last=New Ziana|first=|date=29 January 2024|title=CCC Legislator Mahere Resigns from Parly|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/ccc-legislator-mahere-resigns-from-parly/#:~:text=Mahere%20said%20she%20had%20submitted,contaminated%2C%20bastardised%20and%20hijacked%E2%80%9D.}}</ref> E ne e le Mmueledi wa Bosetšhaba wa [[Citizens Coalition for Change]], lekoko la sepolotiki kwa [[Zimbabwe]] magareng ga 2022 le 2023. Morago ga tiro ya gagwe ya go nna mmueledi wa semolao, o ne a tlhagelela mo e ka nnang ka Moranang 2016 la ntlha jaaka ntlhopheng yo o ikemetseng wa palamente, mme a tsaya karolo mo ditlhophong tsa 2018.<ref name="Flood">{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Zoe|date=7 July 2022|title=The Zimbabwean political figure fighting for her country's future|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/longform/2022/7/7/the-zimbabwean-political-leader-fighting-for-her-countrys-future}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 2019 o ne a tsenelela MDC Alliance<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndlovu |first=Mandipa |date=2019-06-20 |title=Zimbabwe: Fadzayi Mahere's move to the MDC Alliance could rejuvenate the party |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-21-zimbabwe-fadzayi-maheres-move-to-the-mdc-alliance-could-rejuvenate-the-party/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> mme morago ga moo a fenya [[Mount Pleasant]] mo ditlhophong tse di kopantsweng tsa 2023 pele ga a tlogela tiro ka Firikgong a le masome a mabedi le borataro ka 2024. Ka nako ya ditshupegetso tsa 2016–2017 tsa Zimbabwe, o ne a tshwarwa makgetlho a le mmalwa. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Fadzayi Mahere o goletse kwa [[Mount Pleasant]] kwa [[Harare]], mme o tsene [[Sekolo sa Arundel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zvorufura |first=Faith |date=1 December 2017 |title=#16DaysofActivism: Profiling Fadzai Mahere |url=http://www.263chat.com/16daysofactivism-profiling-fadzayi-mahere |website=263 Chat}}</ref> O ne a ikwadisa ka 2004 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]], kwa a neng a bona dikirii ya Bachelor of Law Honors (LLB Hons) ka 2008. Ka 2010 o ne a ikwadisa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cambridge]] go bona dikirii ya Masters ya Melao ya Molao wa Melato ya Boditšhabatšhaba le Dikgetsi tsa Boditšhabatšhaba tsa Kgwebo<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201803080770.html|title=Africa: 10 Inspirational Women You Might Want to Know|date=8 March 2018|work=263Chat|access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref> == Tiro == Ka Seetebosigo 2016, Mmueledi Mahere o ne a tsaya karolo mo dipatlisisong tsa setšhaba tsa [[Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe]] ka ga go gatisa le go tlhagisa dipampiri tsa tlaleletso tsa bonto tsa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2018 |title=Citizens grill RBZ boss on bond notes |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/citizens-grill-rbz-governor-over-bond-notesthisflag-campaign-founder-pastor-evan-mawarire-with-rbz-boss-john-mangudya/ |access-date=8 January 2020 |website=www.newzimbabwe.com}}</ref> Kwa tiragalong eo, Mahere o ne a tlhomolola gore dipampiri tsa bonto di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo, go ya ka Kgaolo ya bolesome le bosupa ya Molaomotheo wa matlole a setšhaba. Gape ka 2016, jaaka karolo ya mokgatlho wa balweladitshwanelo #thisflagmovement, o ne a simolola go rotloetsa le go kokoanya batho, a dirisa bogolo jang metswedi ya bobegadikgang jwa botsalano jaaka [[Facebook Live]] le Twitter go tsogologela puso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gukurume |first=Simbarashe |date=6 November 2017 |title=Young female political activists and the struggle for democracy in Zimbabwe |url=http://www.democracyinafrica.org/young-female-political-activists-and-the-struggle-for-democracy-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=7 March 2018 |website=Democracy in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2017 o ne a itsise ka kopo ya gagwe ya go emela motsethoko wa Harare wa [[Mount Pleasant]] mo ditlhophong tsa 2018 jaaka ntlhopheng [[yo o ikemetseng]]. O ne a tshwarwa ka ngwaga wa 2017 morago ga go rulaganya kgaisano ya kgwele ya dinao mo kgaolong ya gagwe mme a latofadiwa ka fa tlase ga molao wa tolamo le tshireletsego ya setshaba (POSA).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Manayiti|first=Obey|date=29 October 2017|title=Fadzayi Mahere arrested|url=https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2017/10/29/fadzayi-mahere-arrested/}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019 o ne a tsenelela semmuso lekoko la [[Movement for Democratic Change]] (MDC) jaaka Mokwaledi wa Thuto. Ka Motsheganong 2020 o ne a itsisiwe jaaka Mmueledi wa Bosetšhaba wa tirisanommogo ya [[MDC Alliance]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinga |first=Alois |date=28 May 2020 |title=Chamisa appoints Mahere spokesperson in MDC mini reshuffle |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/chamisa-appoints-mahere-spokesperson-in-mdc-mini-reshuffle/ |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Diphitlhelelo tse di tlhomologileng == Mahere e ne e le karolo ya setlhopha sa Mogakolodi yo o Etelelang Pele ([[Zimbabwe]]) se se neng sa fenya Kgaisano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Aforika Yotlhe ya Molao wa Setho kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]], ka 2007 mme o ne a abelwa sekgele sa Ngangisano e e Gaisang Tsotlhe ya Molomo mo Makgaolakgannyeng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2010 |title=UZ wins 2010 Law Moot Court competition – NewsDay Zimbabwe |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2010/11/2010-11-01-uz-wins-2010-law-moot-court-competition/ |access-date=10 March 2018 |website=www.newsday.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] do9f4n97rhc8jpgjubgvcvcg7ch4mdi 0 13587 50651 2026-06-13T15:35:58Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348902605|Everjoice Win]]" 50651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Everjoice Win''' (Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi ka 1965 - Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka 2025 ), yo o bidiwang '''EJ''', e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa basadi wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Win |first=Everjoice |title=At the centre of the future |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-04-25-at-the-centre-of-future |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=mg.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugugunyeki |first=Moses |title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200039350/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renowned feminist Everjoice Win dies – DailyNews |url=https://dailynews.co.zw/renowned-feminist-everjoice-win-dies/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> le mokaedi wa mananeo a boditšhabatšhaba a [[ActionAid International]]. == Botshelo jwa bogologolo == == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == == Botshelo jwa motho ka namana == == Dikgatiso == * ''To Live a Better Life: An Oral History of Women in the City of Harare, 1930-70'' (Baobab Books, 1992) * ''Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe'' (with Kuda Murwira, Cathy Watson, Clare Tawney, et al.) (Intermediate Technology Publications, 2000)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murwira |first=Kuda |year=2000 |title=Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe |last2=Watson |first2=Cathy |last3=Win |first3=Everjoice J. |last4=Tawney |first4=Clare |last5=Scoones |first5=Ian |publisher=Intermediate Technology Publications |isbn=978-1-85339-524-6}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 01fprhwn30u2gki37xof2uznq0mwq63 50658 50651 2026-06-13T17:31:38Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348902605|Everjoice Win]]" 50658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Everjoice Win''' (Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi ka 1965 - Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka 2025 ), yo o bidiwang '''EJ''', e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa basadi wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Win |first=Everjoice |title=At the centre of the future |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-04-25-at-the-centre-of-future |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=mg.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugugunyeki |first=Moses |title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200039350/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renowned feminist Everjoice Win dies – DailyNews |url=https://dailynews.co.zw/renowned-feminist-everjoice-win-dies/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> le mokaedi wa mananeo a boditšhabatšhaba a [[ActionAid International]]. [[Setshwantsho:Everjoice_Win_feminist_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Everjoice Win kwa Bokopanong jwa bone jwa Kgaolo ya Basadi ba Aforika kwa Zimbabwe, 2016]] == Botshelo jwa pele == == Tiro == == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Win o ne a nna kwa [[Johannesburg]], Aforika Borwa.<ref name="theconmag.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=http://www.theconmag.co.za/author/everjoice/ |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=The Con}}</ref> O ne a itsege mo tirong ya gagwe le ka namana jaaka “EJ” mo gare ga badirimmogo le ene le mo mekgatlhong ya basadi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200024891/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref> Win e ne e le mokwadi, mokwadi wa di-blog, le motlhotlheletsi yo o tlhagafetseng wa bobegadikgang jwa botsalano yo o neng a nna le seabe mo dikgatisong tse di farologaneng tse di gatisitsweng le tsa mo maranyaneng tse di buang ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi le tshiamiso ya loago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Moporofesara wa Tiriso – Ditshwanelo tsa Basadi ke Sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Botlhaba le Aforika (SOAS), Yunibesithi ya Lontone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.bond.org.uk/people/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Bond}}</ref> O tlhokafetse ka Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2025 kwa Johannesburg, Aforika Borwa, a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200024891/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref> == Dikgatiso == * ''To Live a Better Life: An Oral History of Women in the City of Harare, 1930-70'' (Baobab Books, 1992) * ''Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe'' (with Kuda Murwira, Cathy Watson, Clare Tawney, et al.) (Intermediate Technology Publications, 2000)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murwira |first=Kuda |year=2000 |title=Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe |last2=Watson |first2=Cathy |last3=Win |first3=Everjoice J. |last4=Tawney |first4=Clare |last5=Scoones |first5=Ian |publisher=Intermediate Technology Publications |isbn=978-1-85339-524-6}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] g0ehl85o9k07cptx0rx42z3vgjzjgnc 50659 50658 2026-06-13T18:08:32Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348902605|Everjoice Win]]" 50659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Everjoice Win''' (Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi ka 1965 - Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka 2025 ), yo o bidiwang '''EJ''', e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa basadi wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Win |first=Everjoice |title=At the centre of the future |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-04-25-at-the-centre-of-future |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=mg.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugugunyeki |first=Moses |title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200039350/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renowned feminist Everjoice Win dies – DailyNews |url=https://dailynews.co.zw/renowned-feminist-everjoice-win-dies/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> le mokaedi wa mananeo a boditšhabatšhaba a [[ActionAid International]]. [[Setshwantsho:Everjoice_Win_feminist_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Everjoice Win kwa Bokopanong jwa bone jwa Kgaolo ya Basadi ba Aforika kwa Zimbabwe, 2016]] == Botshelo jwa pele == Everjoice Win o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1965 kwa [[Shurugwi]], Rhodesia (e jaanong e bidiwang Zimbabwe).<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography">{{Cite book |last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 |last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |page=175 |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="whoswho.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA |url=http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=whoswho.co.za}}</ref><ref name="oxfordreference.com">{{Cite journal |title=Win, Everjoice - Oxford Reference |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-2135 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-2135 |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> Ka 1988, o ne a bona dikirii ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ditso tsa itsholelo kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography" /><ref name="whoswho.co.za" /><ref name="oxfordreference.com" /> O ne a aloga ka Honours mo Ditsong tsa Itsholelo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> Win o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya tlhabololo le Women’s Action Group, e leng mokgatlho wa basadi kwa Zimbabwe o o neng o tlhoma mogopolo mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi tsa semolao le tsa boitekanelo, koo a neng a dira jaaka Motshereganyi wa kgatiso ya bone e e tlwaelesegileng ya thuto ''ya SPEAK OUT/TAURAI/KHULUMANI''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Everjoice_Win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SourceWatch}}</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo1990, o ne a tsenelela Pan-African Women in Law and Development in Africa (WiLDAF), kwa a neng a eteletse thulaganyo ya Zimbabwe mme a thusa mekgatlho ya Aforika ya ditshwanelo tsa bomme go tsenelela dikopano tsa boditshabatshaba jaaka Vienna Conference on Human Rights, Copenhagen Social Summit, le Beijing conference.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Everjoice_Win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SourceWatch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> == Tiro == == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Win o ne a nna kwa [[Johannesburg]], Aforika Borwa.<ref name="theconmag.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=http://www.theconmag.co.za/author/everjoice/ |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=The Con}}</ref> O ne a itsege mo tirong ya gagwe le ka namana jaaka “EJ” mo gare ga badirimmogo le ene le mo mekgatlhong ya basadi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200024891/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref> Win e ne e le mokwadi, mokwadi wa di-blog, le motlhotlheletsi yo o tlhagafetseng wa bobegadikgang jwa botsalano yo o neng a nna le seabe mo dikgatisong tse di farologaneng tse di gatisitsweng le tsa mo maranyaneng tse di buang ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi le tshiamiso ya loago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Moporofesara wa Tiriso – Ditshwanelo tsa Basadi ke Sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Botlhaba le Aforika (SOAS), Yunibesithi ya Lontone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.bond.org.uk/people/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Bond}}</ref> O tlhokafetse ka Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2025 kwa Johannesburg, Aforika Borwa, a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200024891/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref> == Dikgatiso == * ''To Live a Better Life: An Oral History of Women in the City of Harare, 1930-70'' (Baobab Books, 1992) * ''Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe'' (with Kuda Murwira, Cathy Watson, Clare Tawney, et al.) (Intermediate Technology Publications, 2000)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murwira |first=Kuda |year=2000 |title=Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe |last2=Watson |first2=Cathy |last3=Win |first3=Everjoice J. |last4=Tawney |first4=Clare |last5=Scoones |first5=Ian |publisher=Intermediate Technology Publications |isbn=978-1-85339-524-6}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 48i6r8qvn1yr0e5gekodyzub4h72gut 50660 50659 2026-06-13T18:12:21Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348902605|Everjoice Win]]" 50660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Everjoice Win''' (Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi ka 1965 - Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka 2025 ), yo o bidiwang '''EJ''', e ne e le molweladitshwanelo tsa basadi wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Win |first=Everjoice |title=At the centre of the future |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2007-04-25-at-the-centre-of-future |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=mg.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugugunyeki |first=Moses |title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200039350/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renowned feminist Everjoice Win dies – DailyNews |url=https://dailynews.co.zw/renowned-feminist-everjoice-win-dies/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> le mokaedi wa mananeo a boditšhabatšhaba a [[ActionAid International]]. [[Setshwantsho:Everjoice_Win_feminist_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Everjoice Win kwa Bokopanong jwa bone jwa Kgaolo ya Basadi ba Aforika kwa Zimbabwe, 2016]] == Botshelo jwa pele == Everjoice Win o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1965 kwa [[Shurugwi]], Rhodesia (e jaanong e bidiwang Zimbabwe).<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography">{{Cite book |last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 |last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |page=175 |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="whoswho.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA |url=http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=whoswho.co.za}}</ref><ref name="oxfordreference.com">{{Cite journal |title=Win, Everjoice - Oxford Reference |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-2135 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-2135 |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> Ka 1988, o ne a bona dikirii ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ditso tsa itsholelo kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography" /><ref name="whoswho.co.za" /><ref name="oxfordreference.com" /> O ne a aloga ka Honours mo Ditsong tsa Itsholelo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> Win o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya tlhabololo le Women’s Action Group, e leng mokgatlho wa basadi kwa Zimbabwe o o neng o tlhoma mogopolo mo ditshwanelong tsa basadi tsa semolao le tsa boitekanelo, koo a neng a dira jaaka Motshereganyi wa kgatiso ya bone e e tlwaelesegileng ya thuto ''ya SPEAK OUT/TAURAI/KHULUMANI''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Everjoice_Win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SourceWatch}}</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo1990, o ne a tsenelela Pan-African Women in Law and Development in Africa (WiLDAF), kwa a neng a eteletse thulaganyo ya Zimbabwe mme a thusa mekgatlho ya Aforika ya ditshwanelo tsa bomme go tsenelela dikopano tsa boditshabatshaba jaaka Vienna Conference on Human Rights, Copenhagen Social Summit, le Beijing conference.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Everjoice_Win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SourceWatch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> == Tiro == Go tloga ka 1989 go ya go 1993, Win o ne a direla [[Women's Action Group]].<ref name="whoswho.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA |url=http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=whoswho.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 "Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA"]. ''whoswho.co.za''. Archived from [http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 the original] on 13 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="theconmag.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=http://www.theconmag.co.za/author/everjoice/ |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=The Con}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.theconmag.co.za/author/everjoice/ "Everjoice Win"]. ''The Con''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Ka 1992, mmogo le [[Terri Barnes]], Win o ne a gatisa ''To Live a Better Life: An Oral History of Women in the City of Harare, 1930-70''.<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography">{{Cite book |last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 |last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |page=175 |access-date=8 November 2017}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFProfessor_Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.Professor_Emmanuel_AkyeampongMr._Steven_J._Niven2012">Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2 February 2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 ''Dictionary of African Biography'']. OUP USA. p.&nbsp;175. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Go tloga ka 1993 go fitlha ka 1997, Win e ne e le mokaedi wa lenaneo la kgaolo ya Zimbabwe ya [[Women in Law and Development in Africa]] (WiLDAF).<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography">{{Cite book |last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 |last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |page=175 |access-date=8 November 2017}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFProfessor_Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.Professor_Emmanuel_AkyeampongMr._Steven_J._Niven2012">Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2 February 2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 ''Dictionary of African Biography'']. OUP USA. p.&nbsp;175. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Ka 1997, e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng [[Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba ya Molaomotheo ya Zimbabwe]].<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography" /> Go tloga ka 2002 go ya go 2003, Win e ne e le mmueledi wa [[Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition]].<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography">{{Cite book |last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 |last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |page=175 |access-date=8 November 2017}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFProfessor_Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.Professor_Emmanuel_AkyeampongMr._Steven_J._Niven2012">Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2 February 2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 ''Dictionary of African Biography'']. OUP USA. p.&nbsp;175. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="whoswho.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA |url=http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=whoswho.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 "Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA"]. ''whoswho.co.za''. Archived from [http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 the original] on 13 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Go tloga ka 2004 go ya go 2007, Win e ne e le leloko la boto ya [[Mokgatlho wa Ditshwanelo tsa Basadi mo Tlhabololong]](AWID), kwa [[Toronto]], kwa Canada.<ref name="Dictionary of African Biography">{{Cite book |last=Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. |date=2 February 2012 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 |last2=Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong |last3=Mr. Steven J. Niven |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |page=175 |access-date=8 November 2017}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFProfessor_Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.Professor_Emmanuel_AkyeampongMr._Steven_J._Niven2012">Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2 February 2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA175 ''Dictionary of African Biography'']. OUP USA. p.&nbsp;175. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="whoswho.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA |url=http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=whoswho.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 "Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA"]. ''whoswho.co.za''. Archived from [http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 the original] on 13 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Win e ne e le tlhogo ya boditšhabatšhaba/ mokaedi wa boditšhabatšhaba wa mananeo le go nna le seabe ga lefatshe lotlhe ga [[ActionAid International]] fa e sa le ka 2002.<ref name="whoswho.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA |url=http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 |archive-date=13 January 2018 |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=whoswho.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180113234625/http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 "Everjoice Win - Who's Who SA"]. ''whoswho.co.za''. Archived from [http://whoswho.co.za/everjoice-win-5921 the original] on 13 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.irinnews.org/authors/everjoice-win |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=irinnews.org}}</ref> E ne e le Mokaedi wa Mananeo a Boditšhabatšhaba kwa ActionAid.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.actionaid.org.uk/users/everjoice-win |access-date=2018-03-22 |website=ActionAid UK |language=en}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Win o ne a nna kwa [[Johannesburg]], Aforika Borwa.<ref name="theconmag.co.za">{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=http://www.theconmag.co.za/author/everjoice/ |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=The Con}}</ref> O ne a itsege mo tirong ya gagwe le ka namana jaaka “EJ” mo gare ga badirimmogo le ene le mo mekgatlhong ya basadi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200024891/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref> Win e ne e le mokwadi, mokwadi wa di-blog, le motlhotlheletsi yo o tlhagafetseng wa bobegadikgang jwa botsalano yo o neng a nna le seabe mo dikgatisong tse di farologaneng tse di gatisitsweng le tsa mo maranyaneng tse di buang ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi le tshiamiso ya loago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://africanfeministforum.com/everjoice-win/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Feminist Forum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref> Ka 2020, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Moporofesara wa Tiriso – Ditshwanelo tsa Basadi ke Sekolo sa Dithuto tsa Botlhaba le Aforika (SOAS), Yunibesithi ya Lontone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Everjoice Win |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=SOAS University of London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Everjoice Win |url=https://www.bond.org.uk/people/everjoice-win |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Bond}}</ref> O tlhokafetse ka Mopitlo a ferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2025 kwa Johannesburg, Aforika Borwa, a le dingwaga di le masome a marataro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Condolences messages pour in for women rights activist Everjoice Win|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200024891/condolences-messages-pour-in-for-women-rights-activist-everjoice-win|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref> == Dikgatiso == * ''To Live a Better Life: An Oral History of Women in the City of Harare, 1930-70'' (Baobab Books, 1992) * ''Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe'' (with Kuda Murwira, Cathy Watson, Clare Tawney, et al.) (Intermediate Technology Publications, 2000)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murwira |first=Kuda |year=2000 |title=Beating Hunger, the Chivi Experience: A Community-Based Approach to Food Security in Zimbabwe |last2=Watson |first2=Cathy |last3=Win |first3=Everjoice J. |last4=Tawney |first4=Clare |last5=Scoones |first5=Ian |publisher=Intermediate Technology Publications |isbn=978-1-85339-524-6}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] mm293jjmyvj3iq4jcauw4bb3bdrhq1e 0 13588 50656 2026-06-13T16:54:11Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Letsie 50656 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Quthing, Lesotho - panoramio (2).jpg|thumb|'''Tsela e lotshitshi lwa borwa lo lebegang ka yone, go tswa kwa botlhaba jwa letamo''']] '''Letsha la Letsie''' (Sotho: Letšeng-la-Letsie) ke letamo mo dithabeng tsa Drakensberg mo [[Kgaolong ya Quthing,]] [[Lesotho]]. Letsha leno le ne la bopega fa letsha le lennye la tlholego le ne le atolosiwa ka go thiba motswedi wa [[Noka ya Mohlakeng]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi (1968). Letsha leno le mafelo a a bongola a a dikologileng lotshitshi lwa lone a ile a tsewa e le lefelo la bosetšhaba le le sireleditsweng go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso le lefelo la Ramsar go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2004). == Dikarolo<ref>Kahlolo, Nthuseng; Mapeshoane, Botle E.; Chatanga, Peter; Seleteng-Kose, Lerato; Marake, Makoala V. (2021). "Vegetation and Associated Environmental Conditions of the High-altitude Letšeng-la-Letsie Palustrine Wetland, a Ramsar Site in Lesotho". ''Wetlands''. '''41''' (6): 79. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s13157-021-01476-9|10.1007/s13157-021-01476-9]]. S2CID 237729141.</ref> == Letsha la Letsie ke letsha la tlholego le le atolositsweng mo molapong o o thibetsweng ka letamo kwa motsweding wa Noka ya Mohlakeng e e fa godimo ga fa e kopanang teng le [[Noka ya Quthing]], e e leng karolo ya Noka ya Senqu. Letsha le kwa Mphaki Community Council, Quthing District, dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi (120 mi) borwa botlhaba jwa Maseru mo dithabeng tsa Drakensberg kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Lesotho, gaufi le molelwane wa Afrika Borwa kwa Ongeluksnek. <ref name=":0">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/ "Lets'eng-la-Letsie".] ''[[:en:Ramsar_Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service''. Retrieved 3 August 2021.</ref>[[Sediment cores]] di supa gore letsha la tlholego le ntse le le teng mo lefelong la Letsha la Letsie go tloga kq!~a bogare jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete le makgolo a robabobedi,<ref name=":1">Raik, Kestrel (2021). [https://isdr.org/lesothos-lake-letsie-and-aulacoseira-granulata/ "Lesotho's Lake Letsie and ''Aulacoseira granulata''".] ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Society_for_Diatom_Research&action=edit&redlink=1 International Society for Diatom Research]''. Retrieved 3 August 2021.</ref> fela ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi ( 1968) Noka ya Mohlakeng e ne ya thibelwa, mme letsha le lennye le ne la atolosiwa go bopa letamo la metsi a a phepa, le le neng le reeletswe ka Kgosi Letsie II. Letsha le sephara mme ga le boteng, le bogolo jwa diheketara di le masome a mararo le borobabobedi <ref name=":2">Rose, Neil L.; Milner, Alice M.; Fitchett, Jennifer M.; Langerman, Kristy E.; Yang, Handong; Turner, Simon D.; Jourdan, Anne-Lise; Shilland, James; Martins, César C.; de Souza, Amanda Câmara; Curtis, Christopher J. (2020). [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10101585/1/letsie%20paper%20revised_final.pdf "Natural archives of long-range transported contamination at the remote lake Letšeng-la Letsie, Maloti Mountains, Lesotho"] (PDF). ''Science of the Total Environment''. '''737''' 139642. Bibcode:2020ScTEn.737m9642R. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139642. ISSN 0048-9697. <nowiki>PMID 32546308</nowiki>. S2CID 219465550.</ref>: 7 mme le boteng jwa metara o le mongwe fela.[3] <ref name=":0" />E fepiwa ke 413.9-square-kilometre (159.8 mi2) catchment area mme e nna kwa bogodimong jwa 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) kwa godimo ga mean sea level. [2]z<ref name=":2" />: == Dimela le diphologolo == Letsha la Letsie le bopa bogare jwa lefelo le le bongola la dithaba le le nang le dimela tsa Afromontane le Afroalpine tse di tlhomologileng tsa Drakensberg, tse di nang le maemo a a kwa godimo a ditshedi tse di farologaneng le tse di nnang koo. <ref name=":0" />Naga e e nang le metsi e sa le e dirisiwa jaaka mafulo ke badisa ba selegae, mmogo le go roba matlhaka, logong, le dimela tsa kalafi. <ref name=":0" />Mefuta ya dimela tse di tlhagelelang ke Cotula paludosa, Eragrostis caesia, Haplocarpha nervosa, le Trifolium burchellianum. Lefelo lotlhe le le nang le metsi le kwa godimo ga ditlhare mme ga le na ditlhare tse di le tsentseng. Letsha le lefelo le le bongola ke lefelo le dinonyane tse di fudugang di emang mo go lone, mme mafelo a tsone a tshegetsa mefuta e e sa sireletsegang e e jaaka khukhwane ya Wattled, khukhwane e e botala jwa loapi, khukhwane e nnye ya Kestrel, southern bald ibis, <ref name=":0" />cape vulture, le [[yellow-breasted pipit]]. Letsha ka bolone le tshegetsa Maluti redfin e e leng mo kotsing ya go nyelela, mme lefelo le le sireleditsweng le na le mefuta ya ditshedi tse di sa tlwaelegang jaaka legotlo la Sloggett's vlei, pipit ya kwa dithabeng, le segwagwa sa [[noka ya Maluti]].<ref name=":1" />: == Tlhokomelo == Di-core tsa matlakala go tswa mo bodilong jwa letsha di supa maemo a a kwa tlase mme a a tlhatlogang a dikgotleletsi tsa mowa jaaka mercury, molora o o fofang, dihaeterokhabone tse di nkgang monate tsa polycyclic, le di-cophenyl tse di nang le polychlorinated fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa , gongwe ka ntlha ya diteišene tsa motlakase tse di dirisang magala le tiro ya madirelo go tswa kwa kgaolong e e mabapi ya Aforika Borwa ya Highveld. go tlhatloga ga dilekanyo tsa dikgotleletsi tsa mowa tse di jaaka mercury, molora o o fofang, dihaeterokhabone tse di nkgang monate tsa dipolycyclic, le di-biphenyl tse di nang le polychlorine fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa, gongwe ka ntlha ya diteišene tsa motlakase tse di dirisang magala le tiro ya madirelo mo kgaolong e e mabapi ya Highveld ya Aforika Borwa. molora o o fofang, dihaeterokhabone tse di monkomonate tsa polycyclic, le di-biphenyl tse di nang le polychlorine fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa, gongwe e le ka ntlha ya diteišene tsa motlakase tse di dirisang magala le tiro ya madirelo mo kgaolong e e mabapi ya Highleveld ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Rose, Neil L.; Milner, Alice M.; Fitchett, Jennifer M.; Langerman, Kristy E.; Yang, Handong; Turner, Simon D.; Jourdan, Anne-Lise; Shilland, James; Martins, César C.; Souza, Amanda Câmara de; Curtis, Christopher C. (7 December 2020)[https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10118147/1/9273-Main%20document-52128-1-10-20201217.pdf . "A summary of the paper "Natural archives of long-range transported contamination at the remote lake Letšeng-la Letsie, Maloti Mountains, Lesotho""] (PDF). ''Clean Air Journal''. '''30''' (2). doi:[[doi:10.17159/caj/2020/30/2.9273|10.17159/caj/2020/30/2.9273.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234526232 234526232.]</ref>amanang le go nna lekwagolo tse dintsi gore le go fula that,<ref>Smit, G. N.; van Rensburg, G. Janse (2021). [[:en:African_Journal_of_Range_&_Forage_Science|"Phytomass and ecological significance of ''Chrysocoma ciliata'' L. within the Lets'eng-la-Letsie catchment area of Lesotho, southern Africa".]] ''African Journal of Range & Forage Science''. '''38''' (1): 102–109. doi:10.2989/10220119.2020.1853605. S2CID 232105725.</ref>ka ntlha ya gore bogolo leno le tsewa e le le le le le le le le bulegetseng go mahala ke batho ba ba ikemetseng. <ref name=":0" /> Mmuso wa bosetšhaba o ne wa bolela fa letsha le lefelo la lona la go ela metsi e le lefelo le le sireleditsweng ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le motso, jaaka karolo ya porojeke ya Conserving Mountain Biodiversity in Southern Lesotho, mme wa thibela tiriso e e ikemetseng ka nosi ya lefatshe, wa itsise ka maano a go tswala lefelo le go tlhabolola mafelo a bojanala. Ditshitshinyo tse di kopane le kganetso go tswa mo baaging ba selegae, mme ga go tswelelopele epe e e ntseng jalo e e dirilweng. Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e rogwa,ngwaga wa dikete tse oedi le bone lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diheketara di le makgolo a mane le masome a mararo le bone le le akaretsang letsha le mafelo a lone a metsi a a kwa godimo le ne la tlhophiwa go nna lefelo la ntlha le le nosi la Ramsar la Lesotho.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 1yz50l111aecsvwc5ovepgo9hdj9gis 0 13589 50657 2026-06-13T17:19:18Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA VOLTA 50657 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:VoltaRiverWithAdombeBridge183-1-.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Volta]] '''Noka ya Volta''' (Akan: Asuo Firaw, Ewe: Amuga, French: Fleuve Volta) ke noka e kgolo ya Afrika Bophirima mo nageng ya Ghana. E elela kwa borwa go ya kwa Ghana go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Bobo-Dioulasso kwa Burkina Faso. Dikarolo tse tharo tse dikgolo tsa noka eno ke Black Volta, White Volta le Red Volta. Kwa bokonebophirima, Black Volta e dira melelwane ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Ivory Coast, Ghana le Burkina Faso. Noka ya Volta e elela go ya kwa borwa go bapa le dithaba tsa Akwapim-Togoland, mme e tshologela mo Lewatleng la Atlantic kwa Kgogometsong ya Guinea kwa Ada Foah. Nngwe ya melatswana ya yone e mennye, Noka ya Oti, e tsena mo Ghana go tswa kwa Togo kwa botlhaba. Noka ya Volta e ile ya thibelwa kwa Akosombo gore go dirwe motlakase ka yone. Letsha la Volta le simolola kwa Letamong la Akosombo kwa borwa go fitlha kwa karolong e e kwa bokone ya naga, mme ke letsha le legolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng le le dirilweng ke motho.<ref>[https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=58197 "Lake Volta, Ghana".] ''Visible Earth''. NASA. 7 April 2002. Retrieved 7 March 2018.</ref> Naga ya Burkina Faso e kile ya bo e bidiwa Upper Volta, go tewa ka noka eno. == Lefelo le go bolokelwang metsi mo go lone == Letsha la Volta ke letamo le le tswetsweng ke Letamo la Akosombo mo nokeng ya Volta kwa borwa jwa [[Ghana.]] Ke lengwe la matamo a magolo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng. E atologa go tswa kwa letamong la Akosombo kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Ghana go ya kwa toropong ya Yapei kwa Kgaolong ya Central Gonja, kwa Kgaolong ya Bokone jwa Ghana, dikilometara di le 400 (250 mi) go ya kwa bokone. Lefelo le le fetlhang motlakase la letamo leno le fetisetsa motlakase kwa Lekgotleng la Noka ya Volta, mme gape letamo leno le dira gore go nne le ditsela tsa go tsamaisa metsi. Ke motswedi wa nosetso le temothuo ya ditlhapi <ref>[https://www.ice.org.uk/what-is-civil-engineering/infrastructure-projects/akosombo-dam "Akosombo Dam: Engineering Facts And History".] ''Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE)''. 2026-05-23. Retrieved 2026-05-23</ref><ref>[https://www.amacad.org/publication/daedalus/ghanas-akosombo-dam-volta-lake-fisheries-climate-change "Ghana's Akosombo Dam, Volta Lake Fisheries & Climate Change | American Academy of Arts and Sciences"]. ''www.amacad.org''. 2021-10-01. Retrieved 2026-05-23.</ref> Botebo jwa noka eno bo ka nna dimetara di le lesome le bone (14) kwa tlase ga Letsha la Volta. Noka ya Volta e kgabaganngwa ke Borogo jwa Adome ka fa tlase ga Letamo la Akosombo. == Ditso == Batho ba Ba-Akwamu ba ba kileng ba aga bogosi jwa bone mo lotshitshing lo lo kafa botlhaba le lo lo kafa bophirima jwa noka eno e e kgabaganyang naga ya gompieno ya Ghana, Togo le Benin ba e bitsa Firaw. Ba na le modimo o o neetsweng noka e e bidiwang Mfodwo.<ref>Wissing, Kirsty (November 2019). "Assistance and resistance of (hydro-)power: Contested relationships of control over the Volta River, Ghana". ''Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space''. '''37''' (7): 1167, 1169. [[doi:10.1177/0263774x18807482|doi:10.1177/0263774x18807482.]]</ref> Noka ya Volta e ne ya tewa leina ke bagwebi ba gauta ba Bapotokisi ba kwa Ghana. E ne e le lefelo le ba neng ba sa le itse pele ba boela morago (volta ke Sepotokisi se se rayang "go sokamisa" kgotsa "go retologa").<ref name=":0">[https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=Volta "volta | Search Online Etymology Dictionary".] ''www.etymonline.com''. Retrieved 2025-01-15</ref>E itsege jaaka "Noka ya go boa" (gongwe ka gonne e ne e le fa dikepe di neng di retologa di bo di ya gae) kgotsa "noka ya go sokologa", e bua ka tsela ya yone e e sekameng.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Wilks, Ivor (1997). "Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries". In Bakewell, Peter (ed.). ''Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas''. Aldershot: Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited. p. 15.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volta_River#cite_note-Bakewell-9]</ref> == Metswedi == mcem55tiecounu8nsldo88q618fb378 0 13590 50661 2026-06-14T10:40:54Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA OSUN 50661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Oṣun''' (kgafetsa e bitswa Oshun, Yoruba: Odò Ọ̀ṣun), ke noka ya Yorubaland e e simololang kwa Ekiti State mme e elela go ya kwa bophirima go tsena kwa Osun State pele e retologela kwa borwa bophirima kwa motsweding wa yona le Noka ya Erinle gaufi le toropo ya Ede mme e bo e ya kwa borwa kwa letamong la Asejire e elela go ralala porofense le Ogun State kwa Borwa Bophirima jwa Nigeria pele e felela e tshologela kwa Lekki Lagoon le Atlantic kwa Kgogometsong ya Guinea. Noka eno e reeletswe ka modimo Oṣun, mongwe wa Orishas yo o tumileng le yo o tlotlegang thata. Kobamelo ya ngwao ya ngwaga le ngwaga kwa lefelong le le boitshepo la Ọṣun gaufi le Noka ya Ọṣun kwa Osogbo e fetogile lefelo le le tumileng la go etela le go ngoka bajanala, e ngoka batho go tswa go ralala Nigeria le kwa moseja go tla moletlong wa ngwaga le ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Phatwe. Oṣun ke mongwe wa medimo ya dinoka kwa Yorubaland, o itsege ka go tlamela batho ka dilo tse ba di tlhokang. Jaaka motho yo o swang, go bolelwa fa e ne e le mongwe wa basadi ba ̣Ṣango, Alaafin wa Oyo le modimo wa Yoruba wa tumo ya maru. <ref>Murrell, Nathaniel Samuel (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=9h5KDRfZ-JgC&q=oshun+&pg=PA35 ''Afro-Caribbean Religions: An Introduction to Their Historical, Cultural, and Sacred Traditions''. Temple University Press]. ISBN <bdi>9781439901755</bdi>.</ref>Osun o ne a tswa kwa Igede-Ekiti, e leng lefelo la puso ya selegae ya Irepodun/Ifelodun, mo nageng ya Ekiti, kwa Nigeria ka jalo motswedi wa gagwe o mogolo o kwa Igede-Ekiti. Osun, ngwana wa boraro wa lenyalo magareng ga Ake (motsomi le kgosana go tswa Ile-Ife) le Erindo (mosadi wa Ake) yo o neng a tla tshola bana ba bangwe ba le lesome le botlhano go akaretsa le dinoka tse di tumileng tsa Ogbese le Elemi. Le fa Ogbese e ne e le leina le le tumileng thata la Afrikola ya bogologolo, noka ya Elemi e tswelela go kgabisa bontle jwa naga ya rona. Osun, mosadi wa bobedi wa ga Alaafin Ṣango, o ne a retologela kwa nokeng morago ga go fenngwa mo kgaisanong ya gore ke mang yo o neng a tla tlhatlhama rraabone, Ake.[a] Mo malatsing a bogologolo ka nako ya ntwa, go dirisa maselamose go ne go tsewa e le sebetsa se se maatla go gaisa. Ka jalo, e e botlhale le e kgolo thata ke yone e fenyang. "Igede" e ne e tswa mo go "Ogede" - e e rayang go bua ka tsela ya masaitseweng mme kgabagare e ne ya nna "Igede" ka go bidiwa ka leina. Ka jalo, "Ilè Ògèdè kgotsa Igede e raya lefatshe la maselamose. Igede-Ekiti e na le dinoka di feta lesome le borataro, mme ga go na ope kgotsa tokomane epe e e supileng gore ga go na noka epe e e elelang mo Igede-Ekiti go tswa gope fela. Go na le moo, dinoka di elela go tswa kwa Igede-Ekiti go ya kwa ditoropong tse dingwe le kwa mafelong a mangwe. <ref>Katen Tate (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=b7KbLLjzuRgC&q=Osun+River+Goddess&pg=PA132 ''Sacred Places of Goddess: 108 Destinations''.] CCC Publishing. p. 132. ISBN <bdi>9781888729177</bdi>.</ref>Ke tumelo ya bogologolo ya gore modimo wa sesadi wa noka o kgonne go naya basadi ba ba sa kgoneng go tshola bana bana le go fetola matshelo a batho ba le bantsi. Gape go na le dipolelo tse dintsi tse di itlhametsweng ka ga modimo wa sesadi Oṣun, go akaretsa Shegun Coker and the Cursed Temple ka Kolawole Michael, 2008.<ref>Joseph M. Murphy, Mei-Mei Sanford (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=XIx0TjQb8yEC&q=Osun+River&pg=PA10 ''Osun across the Waters: A Yoruba Goddess in Africa and the Americas''.] Indiana University Press. p. 10. ISBN <bdi>9780253108630</bdi>.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, noka e ne ya simolola go fetola mmala mme patlisiso ya Urban Alert (mokgatlho o o sa direng poelo wa thekenoloji ya baagi) e ne ya senola gore ditiro tse di seng ka fa molaong le tse di sa laolweng tsa moepo wa gauta kwa ntlheng e e kwa godimo ya noka ke tsone di bakang seno.<ref>[https://www.thecable.ng/investigation-how-illegal-mining-fuels-poverty-river-pollution-sacred-grove-desecration-in-osun "INVESTIGATION: How illegal mining fuels poverty, river pollution, sacred grove desecration in Osun".] ''TheCable''. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.</ref> Ditiro tsa badiri bano ba meepo di kgotletse noka ka dimetale tse di bokete, ka go dira jalo di tshosetsa noka le Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove. == Baobamedi ba Metsi Kwa Osun Groove == Sekgwa se se kitlaneng sa Osun Sacred Grove, se se kwa ntle ga toropo ya Osogbo, ke sengwe sa dilo tsa bofelo tse di setseng tsa sekgwa se segolo sa kwa borwa jwa Nigeria. E re ka e tsewa e le lefelo le modimo wa sesadi wa tsalo e bong Osun, yo e leng mongwe wa medimo e mentsi ya Ba-Yoruba a neng a obamelwa kwa go yone, naga e e mo sekgweng seno le noka ya sone e e itsoketsang e tletse ka mafelo a a boitshepo le ditempele, ditshwantsho tse di betlilweng le ditiro tsa botaki tse di diretsweng go tlotla Osun le medimo e mengwe. Sekgwa seno se se boitshepo, se gone jaanong se tsewang e le letshwao la gore ke Ba-Yoruba botlhe, e ka tswa e le sone sa bofelo mo setsong sa Ba-Yoruba. E supa mokgwa o o kileng wa bo o aname thata wa go tlhoma ditlhare tse di boitshepo kwa ntle ga metse yotlhe.<ref>Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1118/ "Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove".] ''UNESCO World Heritage Centre''. Retrieved 12 December 2022.</ref> == Metswedi == ldpcr3y3s5cuq0aqo6egxn6zdz9kmfy 0 13591 50662 2026-06-14T10:56:16Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA KOKA 50662 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Ethiopia rel location map.svg|thumb|Noka ya Ethiopia]] '''Letamo la Koka''' (Amharic; Oromo) ke letamo kwa borwa-bogare jwa Ethiopia. E ne ya tlhamiwa ka go agiwa ga letamo la Koka go kgabaganya Noka ya Awash. Letamo leno le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le lekgolo le masome a boferabobedi (180). == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == E mo Misraq Shewa Zone ya Kgaolo ya Oromia, gaufi le motsemogolo le toropo e kgolo ya Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Koka Reservoir e tumile mo bajanala le baagi ba toropo. Go na le mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga le dinonyane go dikologa letsha leno. Letamo le tshegetsa indaseteri ya go thaya ditlhapi; go ya ka Lefapha la Ditlhapi le Temothuo ya Lewatle la Ethiopia, ditone di le 625 (615 long tons; 689 short tons) tsa ditlhapi di a tsewa ngwaga le ngwaga, tse lefapha le di lekanyetsang e le masome a matlhano le bobedi (52% )kgotsa masome a ferangbobedi le boferabongwe (89%) ya selekanyo sa yone se se tsweletseng.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm "Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"] Archived 2008-02-28 at the Wayback Machine (report dated January, 2003) Table 1 has the lower estimate for the maximum sustainable amount; Table 4 the higher estimate.</ref>Bobedi letamo le letamo di tshosediwa ke go oketsega ga sedimentation e e bakwang ke go senyega ga tikologo mmogo le go tlhaselwa ke water hyacinth. == Dikago == Letamo la Koka ke la konkoreite le le boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi (458) le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a mane le bosupa (47). Tlhogo e e dirisitsweng e boleele jwa dimetara di le masome a mararo le bobedi (32) go ya go masome a mane le bobedi (42). Mokonteraka wa konokono e ne e le Imprese Italiane all'Estero. Setlamo se se neng se tlamela didirisiwa e ne e le Gruppo Industriale Elettro Meccaniche per Impiante all'Estero, mme setlamo se se neng se tlamela didirisiwa le go aga diphatlha tsa motlakase e ne e le Società Anonima Elettrificazione. Kago e simolotse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa 1957 mme ya konelwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le nne (4) ka ngwaga wa 1960; tekanyetsokabo e ne e le Eth$ 30,641,000.<ref>[http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/k/ORTKOB.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] Archived 2011-05-28 at the Wayback Machine (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 12 June 2008</ref>Polante ya motlakase, e e nang le mela ya phetisetso ya 132 kV, e simolotse go dira ka botlalo ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi (28) ka ngwaga wa 1960. <ref>50th Anniversary: http://www.addisfortune.com/Vol%2010%20No%20540%20Archive/newsinbrief.htm</ref>Addis Ababa ke ene motlamedi wa ntlha. Total electric output is 110 GWh/year. <ref>Water Analysis for Ethiopia, THE WATER OF THE AWASH RIVER BASIN A FUTURE CHALLENGE TO ETHIOPIA http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files/pdf/publications/WorkingPapers/WaterofAwasBasin.pdf</ref>Leano la boenjiniri le ne la dirwa le go tsenngwa tirisong ke Mekonnen Weldayohanes == Metswedi == rgzo0grs0k0le2cnawxoq42n8s9gp3c 0 13592 50663 2026-06-14T11:43:09Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Alaotra 50663 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Alaotra NASA.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Alaotra]] '''Letsha la Alaotra''' (Malagasy: farihin' Alaotra, [faˈrihin ˈalo ⁇ ʂə ⁇ ]; French: Lac Alaotra) ke [[letsha]] le letona go a gaisa otlhe mo [[Madagascar]], le le leng kwa Kgaolong ya Alaotra-Mangoro le kwa setlhabeng se se kwa bokone sa setlhaketlhake. Bodiba jwa yone bo na le matsha a metsi a a seng boteng a a nang le metsi a a phepa le mafelo a a tletseng ka dimela. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155141/http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm "Aythya innotata - Range & Habitat"]. Archived from [http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm the original] on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-12-24.</ref> Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa thata mo setlhaketlhakeng seno le go jalwang reise mo go lone. Ke lefelo le le nang le diphologolo tse dintsi tsa naga, go akaretsa le mefuta mengwe e e sa tlwaelegang le e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, e bile ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la go tshwara ditlhapi. Letsha la Alaotra le mafelo a lone a a bongola a akaretsa disekwerekilometara di le dikete tse supa,makgolo a mabedi le masome amabedi le boraro, mme a akaretsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi, go akaretsa metsi a a bulegileng, ditlhatshana tsa lotlhaka, matsha le masimo a raese. Letsha leno ka bolone le bogolo jwa 900 km2 (350 sq mi). Letsha la Alaotra le ne la bolelwa e le lefelo le le nang le metsi le le botlhokwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe go ya ka [[Tumalano ya Ramsar]] ya boditšhabatšhaba ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong e tlhola bobedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro . Tilapia e e nang le diphuka tse ditelele (Oreochromis macrochir) e ne ya tsenngwa mo Letsheng la Alaotra go tswa kwa nageng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bone (195)4 mme ya ntsifala ka bonako. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bosupa (1957), e ne ya ntsha 46% ya ditlhapi tse di tshwerweng, gongwe ka gonne e ne e fudugela mo lefelong le le se nang sepe jaaka mofuta wa phytophagous. <ref>C. Lévêque (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=C_ABrmnsKY4C&pg=PA322 ''Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: the freshwater fish of tropical Africa''.] Cambridge University Press. p. 322. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-57033-6|<bdi>0-521-57033-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Naga e e ungwang e e dikologileng Letsha la Alaotra ke kgaolo e e botlhokwa thata ya Madagascar e go jalwang reise mo go yone. Dithaba tse di dikologileng letsha leno di kile tsa bo di na le dikgwa mme mo masomeng a dingwaga a a fetileng bontsi jwa tsone di ile tsa rengwa gore go dirwe masimo. Kgogolego e e masisi mo mekgokoloseng eno ya dithaba e bakile gore go nne le seretse se sentsi mo letsheng, se se nyelelang ka bonako; letsha leno jaanong le boteng jwa disentimetara di le masome a marataro fela ka nako ya komelelo. Kgatelelo ya gore go agiwe masimo a a oketsegileng a raese le yone e dirile gore batho ba lefelo leo ba fise dikalana tsa lotlhaka tse di dikologileng letsha leno. Mafelo ano a a nang le lotlhaka lwa lotlhaka ke one fela lefelo le lemuru e e bonolo ya Alaotra (Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis) e nnang mo go lone. Lemur e e bonolo ya Alaotra jaanong e lekanyeditswe go 220 km2 (85 sq mi) fela ya reedbeds e e setseng, mme mo dingwageng tsa bosheng, palo ya yone e fokotsegile ka 60%, go tswa go batho ba le dikete tse supa le makgolo a matlhano ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone( 1994 )go ya go dikete tse tharo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe, bogolo jang ka ntlha ya go latlhegelwa ke lefelo la bonno, mme gape le ka ntlha ya go tsomiwa ke baagi ba motse wa selegae.<ref>[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6567&m=0 Lake Alaotra] at ''[[:en:BirdLife_International|BirdLife International]]''</ref> Letsha leno ke lefelo la mofuta wa serurubele sa Artitropa alaotrana le lefelo le le botlhokwa mme le ntse le le mo kotsing ya go nyelela la dinonyane tsa metsi, go akaretsa le mmutla wa Meller o o mo kotsing ya go nyelela (Anas melleri). Mefuta e le mebedi ya dinonyane tsa metsi e ne e le tsa kwa Madagascar e e kwa bokone, e leng mofuta mongwe wa nonyane e e bidiwang Madagascar pochard (Aythya innotata) le mofuta mongwe wa nonyane e e bidiwang Alaotra grebe (Tachybaptus rufolavatus). Gone jaanong mofuta ono wa tlhapi o mo kotsing e kgolo ya go nyelela mme ga o tlhole o fitlhelwa mo letsheng leno, le fa gone go na le palo e nnye thata ya tsone mo mafelong a mangwe. Go ne ga bolelwa gore nonyane eno ya Alaotra grebe e nyeletse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome 2010. Lefelo la letsha leno e ka tswa e ne e le lone fela lefelo la yone la bonno. Noka ya Ambato ke yone e e nosetsang letsha leno e bile ke yone e e le nosetsang. Morago ga dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a robabobedi le bongwe, noka eno e elela mo Lewatleng la India. Letsha la Alaotra le sireleditswe ke Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust. <ref>Decret no. 2015-756 portant création de l’Aire Protégée dénommée « LAC ALAOTRA»</ref> == Metswedi == 4791sxf7fgp7srw2mhx0yeqftaxvkzx