Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 13366 50677 50463 2026-06-14T14:14:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 50677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Congo''',<ref>[https://waterwaymap.org/river/Congo%20000060487867 Congo]</ref> e e kileng ya itsege gape e le '''Noka ya Zaire''', ke noka ya bobedi ka boleele mo [[:en:Africa|Aforika]], e latelwa fela ke '''[[:en:Nile|Noka ya Nile]]'''. Gape ke noka ya boraro e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng ka [[:en:List_of_rivers_by_discharge|bontsi jwa metsi a e a ntshang]], morago ga '''[[:en:Amazon_River|Noka ya Amazon]]''' le tsamaiso ya dinoka tsa '''[[:en:Ganges|Ganges]]–[[:en:Brahmaputra|Brahmaputra]]'''. Ke noka e e nang le boteng jo bo kwa godimo go feta tsotlhe tse di kileng tsa lekanyediwa mo lefatsheng, ka boteng jo bo lekantsweng jwa dimetara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi (720 feet).<ref>Oberg, Kevin (July 2008). [https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf "Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008"] (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111015143546/http://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2012.</ref> Tsamaiso ya dinoka tsa Congo–Lualaba–Luvua–Luapula–Chambeshi e na le boleele jotlhe jwa dikilomethara di ka nna dikete tse nne le makgolo a a supa (2,900 miles), se se dirang gore e nne noka ya borobongwe ka boleele mo lefatsheng. [[:en:Chambeshi_River|Noka ya Chambeshi]] ke [[:en:Tributary|lekala]] la Noka ya Lualaba, mme Lualaba ke leina le le dirisiwang go bitsa Noka ya Congo mo karolong ya yone e e kwa godimo ga [[:en:Boyoma_Falls|Diphororo tsa Boyoma]], e e anametseng boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna sekete le makgolo a robang-bobedi (1,100 miles). Fa Noka ya Congo e lekanngwa mmogo le Noka ya Lualaba, e leng lekala la yone le legolo, e na le boleele jotlhe jwa dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse nne, makgolo a mararo le masome a supa (2,720 miles). Ke yone fela noka e kgolo mo lefatsheng e e kgabaganyang '''[[:en:Equator|Equator]]''' gabedi.<ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFForbath1979|Forbath 1979]], p. [[iarchive:rivercongodiscov0000forb/page/6|6]]. "Not until it crosses the Equator will it at last turn away from this misleading course and, describing a remarkable counter-clockwise arc first to the west and then to the southwest, flow back across the Equator and on down to the Atlantic. In this the Congo is exceptional. No other major river in the world crosses the Equator even once, let alone twice."</ref> '''[[:en:Congo_Basin|Mokgatšha wa Noka ya Congo]]''' o na le bogolo jwa lefelo jo bo ka nnang dikilometara tse di khutlonne di le 4,000,000 (1,500,000 square miles), e leng 13% ya lefatshe lotlhe la kontinente ya Aforika == Leina == Leina Congo/Kongo le tswa mo '''[[:en:Kingdom_of_Kongo|Bogosing jwa Kongo]]''', jo bo neng bo le mo lotshitshing lwa borwa jwa noka eno. Bogosi joo le jone bo ne jwa bidiwa ka leina la morafe wa tlholego wa Bakongo, e leng batho ba ba buang dipuo tsa Bantu, ba ba neng ba itsege mo lekgolong la bo lesome le bosupa la dingwaga e le "Esikongo"'''.'''<ref>Anderson, David (2000). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0IwMwBVfr0sC&pg=PA79 Africa's Urban Past]''. James Currey Publishers. p. 79. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85255-761-7|978-0-85255-761-7]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171222054121/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0IwMwBVfr0sC&pg=PA79 Archived] from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2017.</ref> Kwa borwa jwa Bogosi jwa Kongo go ne go le [[:en:Kakongo|Bogosi jwa Kakongo]], jo leina la jone le tshwanang le la Kongo, mme jo bo umakilweng ka ngwaga wa wa sekete,makgolo a matlhano le masome a mararo le botlhano ( 1535). Mo mmapeng wa gagwe wa lefatshe wa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a matlhano le masome a marataro le bone (1564),<ref>[[:en:Manikongo|Manikongo]] was properly the title of the kings of Kongo; their capital was at the site of modern [[:en:M'banza-Kongo|M'banza-Kongo]], capital of Angola's northwestern [[:en:Zaire_Province|Zaire Province]]. Ortelius had no knowledge of the [[:en:Orography|orography]] of Africa and drew fictitious courses for its rivers; his Congo upstream of its [[:en:Estuary|estuary]] turns sharply south, flowing through what would correspond to [[:en:Angola|Angola]] and [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]].</ref> [[:en:Abraham_Ortelius|Abraham Ortelius]] o ne a supa "Manicongo" e le motse o o kwa molomong wa noka eno. Maina a merafe a a amanang le Kongo a ka tswa a simologile mo lefokong le le rayang kopano ya setšhaba kgotsa phuthego ya morafe. Leina la segompieno la batho ba Kongo, kgotsa Bakongo, le simolotse go dirisiwa mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo masome mabedi la dingwaga.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed</ref> Leina ''Zaire'' le tswa mo mokgweng puo ya Sepotokisi wa lefoko la [[:en:Kongo_language|Kikongo]], ''nzere'', le le rayang "noka". Lefoko leo ke khutshwafatso ya polelwana ''nzadi o nzere'', e e rayang "noka e e metsang dinoka tse dingwe".<ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFForbath1979|Forbath 1979]], p. 19.</ref> Noka eno e ne e itsege e le ''Zaire'' mo lekgolong la bo lesome le boratarole la bo lesome le bosupa la dingwaga. Le fa go ntse jalo, leina ''Congo'' le ne la simolola go emisetsa ''Zaire'' ka iketlo mo tirisong ya puo ya Seesemane mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga. Mo dikwalong tsa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga, ''Congo'' e ne e setse e le leina le le neng le dirisiwa thata mo sekgoweng , le mororo go umakiwa ga ''Zahir'' kgotsa ''Zaire'' e le leina le le neng le dirisiwa ke baagi ba lefelo leo go ne go sa ntse go tlwaelegile.<ref>James Barbot (1746). ''An Abstract of a Voyage to Congo River, Or the Zair and to Cabinde in the Year 1700''. • James Hingston Tuckey (1818). ''[[iarchive:narrativeofexped00tuck|Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire, Usually Called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180521164926/https://archive.org/details/narrativeofexped00tuck Archived] from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2019. • John Purdy (1822). ''Memoir, Descriptive and Explanatory, to Accompany the New Chart of the Ethiopic Or Southern Atlantic Ocean''. p. 112. <q>Congo River, called ''Zahir'' or ''Zaire'' by the natives</q></ref> [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] le [[:en:Republic_of_the_Congo|Republic of the Congo]] tsotlhe di reeletswe ka leina la noka eno. Le fa go ntse jalo, leina leo le ne gape la dirisiwa ke puso ya pele ya [[:en:Republic_of_the_Congo_(Léopoldville)|Rephaboliki ya Congo]], e e neng ya bona boipuso ka ngwaga wa '''1960''' go tswa mo [[:en:Belgian_Congo|Belgian Congo]]. Gape, Republic of Zaire (1971–1997) e ne ya reeletswa ka leina la noka eno jaaka le ne le dirisiwa mo dipuong tsa [[:en:French_language|Sefora]] le [[:en:Portuguese_language|Sepotokisi]]. == Molapo wa Noka le Tsamaiso ya Yone == Mokgatšha wa metsi wa Noka ya Congo o akaretsa lefelo le le ka nnang dikilometara tse di khutlonne di le 4,014,500 (1,550,000 square miles),<ref name=":0">J.P. vanden Bossche; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA338 Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 338–339. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-5-102983-1|978-92-5-102983-1]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160425222339/https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA338 Archived] from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2015.</ref> e leng bogolo jo bo batlang bo lekana le jwa [[:en:European_Union|European Union]]. Palo ya metsi a Noka ya Congo e a ntshang kwa molomong wa yone e farologana go tloga mo go 23,000 go ya go 75,000 dimetara tse dikhubiki ka motsotswana (m³/s), mme palogare ya yona e ka nna 41,000 dimetara tse dikhubiki ka motsotswana (m³/s).<ref name=":0" /> Noka eno e tsamaisa ditone di le dimilione di le 86 tsa [[:en:Suspended_sediment|sediment e e tlhatlogileng]] ngwaga le ngwaga go ya kwa [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]] le 6% e e oketsegileng ya metsi a a mo nokeng eno.<ref>Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7)". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''577''' 123968. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968|10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199099061 199099061].</ref> Noka eno le [[:en:Tributary|melatswana]] ya yone e elela go ralala [[:en:Congolian_rainforests|sekgwa sa pula sa Congo]], e leng sekgwa sa pula sa bobedi se segolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, fa se bapisiwa le sa [[:en:Amazon_rainforest|Amazon]] sa kwa Amerika Borwa. Ke noka ya boraro mo lefatsheng ka bontsi jwa metsi a e a ntshang kwa molomong wa yone, ka palogare ya 41,860 dimetara tse dikhubiki ka motsotswana (m³/s), morago ga [[:en:Amazon_River|Noka ya Amazon]] (219,530 m³/s) le tsamaiso ya dinoka tsa [[:en:Ganges|Ganges]]–[[:en:Brahmaputra_River|Brahmaputra]]–[[:en:Meghna_River|Meghna]] (43,950 m³/s kwa delta ya yone), <ref>Igor Alekseevich, Shiklomanov (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=UAmCCwAAQBAJ Hydrological Cycle Volume III]''. EOLSS Publications. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-84826-026-9|978-1-84826-026-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Gape e na le mokgatšha wa metsi wa bobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsheng, morago ga wa Noka ya Amazon, mme ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di boteng go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, ka mafelo mangwe a yone a fitlhelang boteng jo bo fetang makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi a dimetara (720 feet).<ref>Oberg, Kevin (July 2008). [https://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf "Discharge and Other Hydraulic Measurements for Characterizing the Hydraulics of Lower Congo River, July 2008"] (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111015143546/http://hydroacoustics.usgs.gov/publications/Measurements4LowerCongo-6.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2012.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101206040928/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/3826/Overview "Monster Fish of the Congo"]. ''National Geographic Channel''. 2009. Archived from [http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/3826/Overview the original] on 6 December 2010.</ref> Ka ntlha ya gore mokgatšha wa metsi wa Noka ya Congo o akaretsa mafelo a a kwa bokone le kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Equator|Equator]], phororo ya metsi a yone e nna e tsitsitse. Se se bakiwa ke gore ka nako tsotlhe go nna le karolo nngwe ya mokgatšha wa yone e e leng mo pakeng ya dipula, ka jalo noka e tswelela go amogela metsi ngwaga otlhe.<ref>[http://rainforests.mongabay.com/congo/congo_river.html The Congo River] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171020093113/https://rainforests.mongabay.com/congo/congo_river.html Archived] 20 October 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Rainforests.mongabay.com. Retrieved on 29 November 2011.</ref> Metswedi ya Noka ya Congo e kwa dithabeng le dikgaolong tse di kwa godimo tsa [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]], mmogo le mo [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Letsheng la Tanganyika]] le [[:en:Lake_Mweru|Letsheng la Mweru]], tse di tshelang metsi mo [[:en:Lualaba_River|Nokeng ya Lualaba]]. Noka ya Lualaba yone e nna karolo ya Noka ya Congo fa e feta [[:en:Boyoma_Falls|Diphororo tsa Boyoma]]. [[:en:Chambeshi_River|Noka ya Chambeshi]] kwa Zambia ka kakaretso e tsewa e le motswedi wa Noka ya Congo, go ya ka mokgwa o o amogetsweng mo lefatsheng lotlhe wa go dirisa lekala le le leleele go gaisa tsotlhe jaaka motswedi wa noka, fela jaaka go dirwa ka Noka ya Nile. Noka ya Congo gantsi e elela go ya kwa bokone-bophirima go tswa kwa [[:en:Kisangani|Kisangani]] kwa tlase fela ga Boyoma Falls, go tswa foo e bo e sokologela kwa borwa-bophirima ka bonya ka bonya, e feta kwa [[:en:Mbandaka|Mbandaka]], e kopana le [[:en:Ubangi_River|Noka ya Ubangi]] mme e elela go ya kwa [[:en:Pool_Malebo|Letsha la Malebo]] (Stanley Pool). [[:en:Kinshasa|Kinshasa]] (e e kileng ya bo e le Léopoldville) le [[:en:Brazzaville|Brazzaville]] di mo matlhakoreng a a farologaneng a noka kwa Pool Malebo, koo noka e tshesane e bo e wela ka dintshi tsa metsi mo mekgokoloseng e e boteng (e e bidiwang [[:en:Livingstone_Falls|Livingstone Falls]]), e e fetang ka [[:en:Matadi|Matadi]] le [[:en:Boma,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Boma]], e bo e wela mo lewatleng kwa [[:en:Moanda,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Muanda]]. '''Lower Congo''' ke karolo e e kwa "kwa tlase" ya noka e kgolo; ke karolo ya noka e e simololang kwa [[:en:River_mouth|molomong wa noka]] kwa [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|lotshitshing lwa Atlantic]] go fitlha kwa metsemegolong ya Brazzaville le Kinshasa. Mo karolong eno ya noka, go na le melatswana e mebedi e megolo, e e ka fa molemeng kgotsa kafa borwa. ''Noka ya Kwilu'' e tswa mo dithabeng tse di gaufi le [[:en:Angola–Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_border|molelwane]] [[:en:Angola|wa Angola]] mme e tsena mo Congo dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo go tswa kwa [[:en:Matadi|Matadi]]. E nngwe ke [[:en:Inkisi_River|Noka ya Inkisi]], e e elelang go ya ntlheng ya bokone go tswa kwa [[:en:Uíge_Province|Porofenseng ya Uíge]] kwa Angola go ya [[:en:Confluence|kwa e kopanelang teng]] le Noka ya Congo kwa ''Zongo'' e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a robang-bobedi go tswa kwa metsemegolong e mebedi e e bapileng. Ka ntlha ya bontsi jwa metsi a a elelang ka lobelo (rapids), segolobogolo [[:en:Livingstone_Falls|Diphororo tsa Livingstone]], karolo eno ya noka ga e dirisiwe ka botlalo kgotsa ka metlha ke dikepe tsa dinoka. == Botlhokwa mo Itsholelong == Le fa Diphororo tsa Livingstone di thibela go fitlhelela noka eno go tswa kwa lewatleng, bontsi jwa Noka ya Congo jo bo kwa godimo ga diphororo tseo bo tsamaisega bonolo ka dikepe mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng, segolobogolo magareng ga Kinshasa le Kisangani. Dikepe tse dikgolo di ne di tsamaya mo nokeng eno go fitlha bosheng jaana. Noka ya Congo e sa ntse e le selo se se botlhokwa thata mo nageng eno e e se nang ditsela tse dintsi kana diporo.<ref>See, for instance, [[:en:Thierry_Michel|Thierry Michel]]'s film [http://www.congo-river.com/ Congo River] [https://web.archive.org/web/20091129055817/http://www.congo-river.com/ Archived 29] November 2009 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Gone jaanong go na le seporo se se fetang fa thoko ga diphororo tse tharo tse dikgolo, mme bontsi jwa kgwebo ya Afrika Bogare e feta fa thoko ga noka eno, go akaretsa [[:en:Copper|kopore]], [[:en:Palm_oil|ole ya mokolwane]] (e e dirilweng ka dipeo), [[:en:Sugar|sukiri]], [[:en:Coffee|kofi]] le cotton.<ref>[https://afca.coffee/portfolio-item/dr-congo/ DR Congo—AFRICAN FINE COFFEES ASSOCIATION (AFCA)". ''AFRICAN FINE COFFEES ASSOCIATION (AFCA)'']. 7 October 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210424160919/https://afca.coffee/portfolio-item/dr-congo/ Archived] from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.</ref> === Motlakase yo o Hethiwang ka Metsi === Noka ya Congo ke yone e e maatla go gaisa tsotlhe mo Afrika. Mo pakeng ya dipula, metsi a a fetang 50,000 dimetara tse dikhubiki ka motsotswana a elela go tswa mo nokeng eno go ya kwa Lewatleng la Atlantic. Ka jalo, Noka ya Congo le melatswana ya yone e na le ditshono tse dintsi tsa go dira motlakase ka metsi. Baitsaanape ba fopholeditse gore Mokgatšha wa Noka ya Congo o na le 13% ya bokgoni jotlhe jwa lefatshe jwa go hetlha motlakase wa metsi. Seno se ne se tla dira gore go nne le motlakase o o lekaneng go fitlhelela ditlhokego tsotlhe tsa motlakase tsa dinaga tsa Afrika tse di kwa [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|borwa jwa Sahara]].<ref name=":1">[http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27 Alain Nubourgh, Belgian Technical Cooperation (BTC)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110902053441/http://weetlogs.scilogs.be/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=331&blogId=27 Archived] 2 September 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Weetlogs.scilogs.be (27 April 2010). Retrieved on 2011-11-29.</ref> Gone jaanong go na le diteishene tsa motlakase wa metsi di ka nna masome a mane mo Molapo wa Noka ya Congo. E kgolo go di feta tsotlhe ke [[:en:Inga_dams|matamo a Inga]]''',''', tse di leng bokgakala jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi kwa borwa-bophirima jwa Kinshasa. Porojeke eno e ne ya simololwa mo masimologong a ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970), fa go ne go wediwa go agiwa letamo la ntlha. <ref>Showers, Kate B. (1 September 2011). "Electrifying Africa: An Environmental History with Policy Implications". ''Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography''. '''93''' (3): 193–221. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1468-0467.2011.00373.x|10.1111/j.1468-0467.2011.00373]].x. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-0467 1468-0467]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145515488 145515488].</ref> Leano leno, jaaka le ne le rulagantswe kwa tshimologong, le ne le akantse go agiwa ga matamo a le matlhano a a neng a tla nna le bokgoni jwa go hetlha motlakase wa 34,500 megawatt (MW) ka kakaretso. Go fitlha jaanong, go agilwe fela matamo a Inga I le Inga II, a a hetlhang 1,776 megawatt (MW) ya motlakase.<ref name=":1" /> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano ( 2005), Eskom, e leng khamphani ya motlakase ya puso ya '''[[:en:South_Africa|Aforika Borwa]]''', e ne ya itsise tshitshinyo ya go oketsa tlhagiso ya motlakase ka go tokafatsa didirisiwa tse di leng teng le go aga [[:en:Grand_Inga_Dam|letamo le lesha la motlakase wa metsi]]. Porojeke eno e ne e tla oketsa bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa setheo seno go fitlha go 40,000 megawatt (MW) ya motlakase.<ref>Vasagar, Jeevan (25 February 2005). [[Vasagar, Jeevan (25 February 2005). "Could a $50bn plan to tame this mighty river bring electricity to all of Africa?". World news. London: The Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2010.|"Could a $50bn plan to tame this mighty river bring electricity to all of Africa?"]]. ''World news''. London: The Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</ref> Go na le matshwenyego a gore matamo ano a masha a motlakase wa metsi a ka baka go nyelela ga mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tse e leng tsa tlholego mo Nokeng ya Congo<ref name=":2">Norlander, Britt (20 April 2009). [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1590/is_13_65/ai_n31583235/ "Rough waters: one of the world's most turbulent rivers is home to a wide array of fish species. Now, large dams are threatening their future"]. Science World.</ref> == Ditso tsa Tlholego == Tsela e Noka ya Congo e e latelang gompieno e bopilwe magareng ga dingwaga di ka nna 1.5 go ya go 2 milione tse di fetileng, mo pakeng ya [[:en:Pleistocene|Pleistocene.]]<ref>Leonard C. Beadle (1981). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iAIUAQAAIAAJ The inland waters of tropical Africa: an introduction to tropical limnology]''. Longman. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-46341-7|978-0-582-46341-7]]</bdi>. Retrieved 2 April 2011.</ref><ref>Thieme et al., ''Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment Ecoregions Assessments'', Island Press, 2005, [https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA297 p. 297] [https://web.archive.org/web/20231110080156/https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA297 Archived] 10 November 2023 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. "It is hypothesized that in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene, a coastal Lower Guinean river captured Malebo Pool, connecting the previously interior Congo Basin to the ocean."</ref> Go katswa go diregile gore mo pakeng eno, melatswana e mentsi ya kwa godimo ya Noka ya Congo e ne ya tsewa (river capture) go tswa mo dikgatšheng tsa dinoka tse di bapileng le yone, go akaretsa Noka ya Uele le karolo e e kwa godimo ya Ubangi, tse di tswang mo [[:en:Chari_River|tsamaisong ya Noka ya Chari]]<ref>Cooper, John E. and Hull, Gordon; ''Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials'', p. 371 ISBN 9780128020395</ref> mmogo le Noka ya Chambeshi<ref>Skelton, P.H. 1994. 'Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in East and Southern Africa', in ''Biological diversity in African fresh and brackish water fishes'', Symposium Paradi (G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan, and J.J. Albaret, editors), pp. 95–131. ''Annals of the Royal Central African Museum'' (Zoology) No. 275.</ref> le melatswana e mengwe ya kwa godimo ya Noka ya Kasai, e e tswang mo tsamaisong ya Noka ya Zambezi.<ref>Gupta, Avijit (editor); ''Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management'', p. 327 ISBN 9780470849873</ref> Go bopiwa ga Noka ya Congo go ka tswa go bakile go kgaogana ga mefuta ka mafelo (allopatric speciation) ga bonobo le chimpanzee e e tlwaelegileng, go tswa mo mogologolong wa bone yo o tshwanang.<ref>Caswell JL, Mallick S, Richter DJ, et al. (2008). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278377 "Analysis of chimpanzee history based on genome sequence alignments"]. ''PLOS Genet''. '''4''' (4) e1000057. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000057|10.1371/journal.pgen.1000057]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2278377 2278377]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18421364 18421364].</ref> Bonobo e bonwa fela mo dikgweng tse di metsi (humid forests) tsa kgaolo eno, fela jaaka mefuta e mengwe e e itsegeng thata e e akaretsang [[:en:Allen's_swamp_monkey|kgabo ya mokgatšha ya Allen (Allen’s swamp monkey)]], [[:en:Dryas_monkey|kgabo ya dryas (dryas monkey)]], [[:en:Aquatic_genet|aquatic genet]], [[:en:Okapi|okapi]], [[:en:Congo_peafowl|Congo peafowl]].<ref>[[:en:Jonathan_Kingdon|Kingdon, Jonathan]] (1997). ''[[iarchive:kingdonfieldguid00jona|The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals]]''. London: Academic Press Limited. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-1240-8355-4|978-0-1240-8355-4]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>[[:en:BirdLife_International|BirdLife International]] (2022). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679430/208189646 "''Afropavo congensis''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2022''' e.T22679430A208189646. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22679430A208189646.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22679430A208189646.en]]. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</ref> Fa go tliwa mo botshelong jwa mo metsing, Letamo la Noka ya Kongo le na le mefuta e mentsi thata ya diphologolo gape ke nngwe ya mafelo a a nang le palo e e kwa godimo thata ya ditshedi tse di fitlhelwang koo fela.<ref>Dickman, Kyle (3 November 2009). [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Evolution-in-the-Deepest-River-in-the-World.html "Evolution in the Deepest River in the World"]. ''Science & Nature''. Smithsonian Magazine. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111109072934/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Evolution-in-the-Deepest-River-in-the-World.html Archived] from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2009.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe(2009), mefuta e ka nna makgolo a robabobedi ya ditlhapi e ne e begilwe mo Letamong la Noka ya Kongo (re sa bale [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Letsha la Tanganyika]], le le amanang le yone mme le sa tshwane gotlhelele ka tikologo),<ref name=":3">Frans Witte; Martien J. P. van Oijen; Ferdinand A. Sibbing (2009). "Fish Fauna of the Nile". In Henri J. Dumont (ed.). ''The Nile''. Springer. pp. 647–675. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9725-6|978-1-4020-9725-6]]</bdi>.</ref> mme dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa lone di sa ntse di ise di ithutiwe gotlhelele.<ref>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=535 "Sudanic Congo—Oubangi"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204356/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=535 Archived] 5 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Accessed 2 May 2011.</ref> Ka sekai, karolo nngwe ya Phaka ya Setšhaba ya Salonga, e e ka nnang bogolo jwa Belgium, e ne e ise e ke e tlhatlhobiwe gotlhelele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro ( 2006).<ref>Schliewen, U.K.; Stiassny, M.L.J. (2006). "A new species of Nanochromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo". ''Zootaxa''. '''1169''': 33–46. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1169.1.2|10.11646/zootaxa.1169.1.2]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86533120 86533120].</ref> Mefuta e mesha ya ditlhapi e nna e tlhalosiwa ka metlha go tswa kwa Congo River Basin, mme go itsiwe mefuta e le mentsi e e sa tlhalosiwang.<ref>Schwarzer, J.; Misof, B.; Schliewen, U.K. (2011). [[doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02409.x|"Speciation within genomic networks: a case study based on Steatocranus cichlids of the lower Congo rapids"]]. ''Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''25''' (1): 138–148. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02409.x|10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02409.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22070232 22070232].</ref> Congo e na le mefutafuta e e kwa godimo thata ya thulaganyo epe ya dinoka tsa Afrika; fa go bapisiwa, tse di latelang tse di humileng ke Niger, Volta le Nile tse di nang le mefuta e ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane , lekgolo le masome a mane le lekgolo le masome a mararo ya ditlhapi, ka go latelana.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Winemiller, K.O.; A.A. Agostinho; É.P. Caramaschi (2008). "Fish Ecology in Tropical Streams". In Dudgeon, D. (ed.). ''Tropical Stream Ecology''. Academic Press. pp. 107–146. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-12-088449-0|978-0-12-088449-0]]</bdi>.</ref> Ka ntlha ya dipharologano tse dikgolo tsa tikologo fa gare ga dikgaolo tse di mo lefelong la Congo—go akaretsa le mafelo a a jaaka dinoka tse di elelang ka bonako, dinoka tse di boteng, metlhaba le makadiba—gantsi e kgaoganngwa ka dikgaolo tse dintsi tsa tikologo (mo boemong jwa go e tsaya e le tikologo e le nngwe). Gareng ga dikgaolo tseno tsa tikologo, di-cataract tsa Livingstone Falls di na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mararo ya ditlhapi,<ref>Weisberger, Mindy (12 January 2020). [https://www.livescience.com/congo-river-fish-with-bends.html "Dying Fish Revealed Congo Is World's Deepest River"]. ''livescience.com''. LiveScience. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200114030815/https://www.livescience.com/congo-river-fish-with-bends.html Archived] from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.</ref> go akaretsa le ditlhapi tse di ka nnang masome a robabobedi tse di tlwaelegileng<ref name=":2" /> fa karolo e e kwa borwabophirima (Kasai River basin) e na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mabedi ya ditlhapi, e mo e ka nnang kotara ya tsone e leng ya ditlhapi tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=546 "Lower Congo Rapids"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204417/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=546 Archived] 5 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Accessed 2 May 2011.</ref> Malapa a ditlhapi tse dintsi— mo dikarolong dingwe tsa noka—ke [[:en:Cyprinidae|Cyprinidae]] (carp/cyprinids, jaaka [[:en:Labeo_simpsoni|Labeo simpsoni]]), [[:en:Mormyridae|Mormyridae]] (elephant fishes), [[:en:Alestidae|Alestidae]] (African tetras), [[:en:Mochokidae|Mochokidae]] (squeaker catfishes) le [[:en:Cichlidae|Cichlidae]] (cichlids).<ref name=":4">Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=545 "Upper Lualaba"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204143/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=545 Archived] 5 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Accessed 2 May 2011.</ref> Gareng ga ditlhapi tse di nnang mo nokeng eno go na le tlhapi e kgolo ya tigerfish e e jang nama thata. Tse tharo tsa mefuta e e sa tlwaelegang ya ditshedi tse di fitlhelwang fela mo lefelong leo (endemics) ke ''[[:en:Lamprologus_lethops|Lamprologus lethops]]'', e e tshweu (e se nang mmala) e bile e foufetse, e go dumelwang gore e tshela kwa boteng jo bo ka fitlhang go dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a marataro (520 ft) ka fa tlase ga metsi,<ref name=":2" /> ''[[:en:Heterochromis|Heterochromis multidens]]'', e e amanang gaufi thata le ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Amerika go feta tsa Afrika tse dingwe,<ref>Kullander, S.O. (1998). ''A phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes).'' pp. 461–498 in Malabarba, L., et al. (eds.), Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical Fishes, Porto Alegre.</ref> le ''Caecobarbus geertsii'', e leng yone fela cavefish e e itsiweng mo Aforika Bogare.<ref>Proudlove, G. (2006). ''Subterranean fishes of the world''. International Society for Subterranean Biology. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-9527084-0-1|978-2-9527084-0-1]]</bdi>.</ref> Go na le dikgopa le digogwane ka go farologana tse di tlwaelegileng.<ref name=":4" /><ref>Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). [http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=549 "Lower Congo Rapids"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204434/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=549 Archived] 5 October 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. Accessed 2 May 2011.</ref>Go rulagantswe matamo a le mmalwa a motlakase wa metsi mo nokeng eno, mme a ka nna a dira gore bontsi jwa ditshedi tse di anameng mo lefelong leno di nyelele.<ref name=":2" /> Mefuta e le mmalwa ya dikhudu le kwena e e nang le nko e tshesane, ya Nile le ya dwarf di tlholega kwa Congo River Basin. Di-manatee tsa Aforika di nna mo dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa noka.<ref>Keith Diagne, L. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22104/97168578 "''Trichechus senegalensis''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2015''' e.T22104A97168578. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22104A81904980.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T22104A81904980.en]]. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</ref> === Merwalela === Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) le Rephaboliki ya Congo (RoC) go tswa bogologolong di ile tsa itemogela merwalela e e ipoeletsang go bapa le Noka ya Congo le dinoka tsa yone tse dikgolo ka paka ya dipula, e e bakang kgogolego le go relela ga lefatshe, mme e ama mafelo a batho ba nnang mo go one, temothuo le boitekanelo jwa setšhaba ka tsela e e sa siamang.<ref>[https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ "World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal"]. ''climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org''. Retrieved 27 October 2021.</ref> <ref name=":5">The World Bank Group (2021). [https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/15883-WB_Congo%2C%20Democratic%20Republic%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf "Climate Risk Country Profile - Congo, Democratic Republic"] (PDF). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210703150625/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/15883-WB_Congo%2C%20Democratic%20Republic%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2021.</ref>Noka ya Congo e solofetswe go amiwa thata ke phetogo ya seemo sa bosa jaaka fa dithemphoritšhara di tlhatloga le pula e oketsega ka maatla le ka nako ya paka.<ref name=":5" /><ref>UN Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. [https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/publication/fact_sheet_congo_basin_climate_change.pdf "Fact Sheet: The Congo Basin and Climate Change"] (PDF). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210421181136/https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/publication/fact_sheet_congo_basin_climate_change.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2021.</ref> Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe ( 2019) go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020), dipula tse di maatla di amile diporofense di le lesome le borataro mo ​​go tse masome a mabedi le borataro tsa DRC le maphata a le robedi mo go a le lesome le bobedi a RoC, mme seno sa baka [[:en:2019–2020_Congo_River_floods|merwalela ya Noka ya Congo ya 2019–2020]]. Dipula di ne tsa baka go penologa ga Noka ya Congo le dinoka tsa Ubangi, merwalela le go relela ga lefatshe go ralala DRC le RoC tsa dira gore batho ba le dikete di le makgolokgolo ba fuduge.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/congo/republic-congo-floods-flash-update-n-1-10-december-2019 "Republic of Congo : Floods Flash Update n°1, 10 December 2019 - Congo"]. ''ReliefWeb''. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2021.</ref> == Ditso == === Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone === Lefelo lotlhe la Congo le na le batho ba Bantu, ba ba kgaogantsweng ka merafe e le makgolo a le mmalwa. [[:en:Bantu_expansion|Katoloso ya Bantu]] e fopholediwa go fitlha kwa Congo e e fa gare ka dingwaga di ka nna 500 BC le Congo e e kwa godimo ka ngwagakgolo wa ntlha AD. Masalela a baagi ba naga ba ba fudusitsweng ke khudugo ya Bantu, Pygmies/Abatwa ba phylum ya Ubangian, ba sa ntse ba le kwa mafelong a a kgakala le ditamelo a dikgwa tsa Congo Basin. Ka lekgolo la bo lesome le boraro la dingwaga go ne go na le dikopano tse tharo tse dikgolo tsa dinaga kwa bophirima jwa Congo Basin. Kwa botlhaba go ne go na le [[:en:Seven_Kingdoms_of_Kongo_dia_Nlaza|Mebuso e Supa ya Kongo dia Nlaza]], e e neng e tsewa e le ya bogologolo le e e maatla go gaisa, e go ka diregang gore e ne e akaretsa [[:en:Nsundi|Nsundi]], [[:en:Mbata_Kingdom|Mbata]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mpangu&action=edit&redlink=1 Mpangu], mme gongwe le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kundi_kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1 Kundi] le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okanga&action=edit&redlink=1 Okanga]. Borwa jwa tseno e ne e le [[:en:Mpemba|Mpemba]] e e neng e tswa kwa [[:en:Angola|Angola]] ya segompieno go ya kwa Nokeng ya Congo. E ne e akaretsa magosi a a farologaneng jaaka [[:en:Mpemba_Kasi|Mpemba Kasi]] le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vunda&action=edit&redlink=1 Vunda]. Kwa bophirima jwa yone go kgabaganya Noka ya Congo go ne go na le kopano ya dinaga tse tharo tse dinnye; [[:en:Vungu|Vungu]] (moeteledipele wa yone), [[:en:Kakongo|Kakongo]], le [[:en:Ngoyo|Ngoyo]].<ref>Thornton, John K., ed. (2020), [https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/history-of-west-central-africa-to-1850/development-of-states-in-west-central-africa-to-1540/CE71122CF8DFD7B4B188BA34F8F65BFC "The Development of States in West Central Africa to 1540"], ''A History of West Central Africa to 1850'', New Approaches to African History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 16–55, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-107-56593-7|978-1-107-56593-7]]</bdi>, retrieved 21 September 2024</ref> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Kongo|Bogosi jwa Kongo]] bo ne jwa tlhamiwa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le bone la dingwaga go tswa mo go kopanyeng magosi a [[:en:Mpemba_Kasi|Mpemba Kasi]] le [[:en:Mbata_Kingdom|Bogosi jwa Mbata]] kwa lotshitshing lwa molema lwa Noka ya Congo e e kwa tlase. Taolo ya yone ya naga mo mabopong a Noka ya Congo e ne e lekanyeditswe mo lefelong le le batlang le lekana le porofense ya [[:en:Kongo_Central|Kongo Central]] ya gompieno. Go tlhotlhomisiwa ga Noka ya Congo ke Maeuropa go simolotse ka 1482, fa motlhotlhomisi wa Mopotokisi, [[:en:Diogo_Cão|Diogo Cão]], a ne a fitlhela molomo wa noka<ref name=":6">[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFCana1911|Cana 1911]], p. 917.</ref>(go dumelwa gore seno se diragetse ka Phatwe 1482''')''' mme o ne a tshwaya go fitlha ga gagwe ka go tlhoma Padrão<ref>A '''''padrão''''' is a stone pillar left by Portuguese maritime explorers in the 15th and 16th centuries to record significant landfalls and thereby establish primacy and possession. They were often placed on promontories and capes or at the mouths of major rivers. Early markers were simple wooden pillars or crosses </ref>, e leng pilara ya leje, kwa Shark Point (pilara eno e sa ntse e le teng le gompieno, le fa gone go setse fela dikarolwana tsa yone). Cão o ne a tlhatloga noka ka sekepe sekgalanyana, a simolola go ikgolaganya le Bogosi jwa Kongo. Tsela e e feletseng ya noka e ne ya nna e sa itsiwe mo pakeng yotlhe ya bogologolo jwa segompieno. <ref>The [[:en:Dieppe_maps|Dieppe maps]] of the mid-16th century show the Congo only as a minor river while having the [[:en:Nile|Nile]] run throughout the continent, rising in Southern Africa. The same interpretation is in essence still found in Jan Blaeu's ''[[:en:File:Congo_map_1690.jpg|Atlas Maior]]'' of 1660. Jacques Bellin's [[:en:File:Congo_map_1754.jpg|map of the Congo]] in ''Histoire Generale Des Voyages'' by [[:en:Antoine_François_Prévost|Antoine François Prévost]] (1754) shows awareness of the river reaching further inland, to the provinces of ''Sundi'' and ''Pango'', but has no detailed knowledge of its course.</ref> Lefelo le le kwa godimo la Congo le tsamaya kwa bophirima jwa [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Rift ya Albertine]].<ref name=":6" /> Kgolagano ya yone le Congo e ne e sa itsiwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bosupa (1877). Bokonebotlhaba jo bo feteletseng jwa lefelo la Congo le ne la fitlhelelwa ke [[:en:Nilotic_peoples|katoloso ya Nilotic]] ka nako nngwe fa gare ga lekgolo la bo lesome le botlhano le la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga, ke bagologolwane ba [[:en:Alur_people|batho ba Alur]] ba ba buang [[:en:Southern_Luo_language|Se-Luo sa Borwa]]. [[:en:Francisco_de_Lacerda|Francisco de Lacerda]] o ne a latela Zambezi mme a fitlha kwa karolong e e kwa godimodimo ya beisine ya Congo ([[:en:Kazembe|Kazembe]] mo beisineng e e kwa godimo ya Luapula) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a robabongwe le borataro ( 1796). Noka ya Congo e e kwa godimo e ne ya fitlhelelwa la ntlha ke [[:en:Indian_Ocean_slave_trade|kgwebo ya makgoba ya Maarabia]] ka lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. [[:en:Nyangwe|Nyangwe]] e ne ya tlhongwa e le lefelo la makgoba ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro (1860). [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] e ne e le Moyuropa wa ntlha go fitlha kwa Nyangwe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlongwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bongwe (1871).<ref name=":6" /> David Livingstone o ne a ikaelela go supa gore Noka ya Lualaba e ne e gokagane le Noka ya Nile. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ele lesome le botlhano, o ne a bona ka matlho a gagwe polao ya batho ba Aforika ba ka nna makgolo a mane, ba ba neng ba bolawa ke bagwebi ba makgoba ba Maarabia kwa Nyangwe. Tiragalo eno e ne ya mo tshosa thata le go mo utlwisa botlhoko mo maikutlong, mo e leng gore o ne a palelwa ke go tswelela ka maikaelelo a gagwe a go batla metswedi ya Noka ya Nile. Ka ntlha eo, o ne a boela kwa Letsheng la Tanganyika.<ref>Livingstone, David (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140905100511/http://livingstone.library.ucla.edu/1871diary/ ''Livingstone's 1871 Field Diary. A Multispectral Critical Edition''.] UCLA Digital Library: Los Angeles, CA. Archived from [http://livingstone.library.ucla.edu/1871diary/ the original] on 5 September 2014.</ref> <ref>Jeal, Tim (1973). ''Livingstone''. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 331–335.</ref> == Bokolone jwa pele jwa Maeuropa == Bayuropa ba ne ba ise ba fitlhelele dikgaolo tse di fa gare tsa lefelo la Congo go tswa kwa botlhaba kgotsa kwa bophirima, go fitlha ka leeto la ga [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] la 1876–77, le le neng le rotoediwa ke [[:en:Committee_for_Studies_of_the_Upper_Congo|Komiti ya Dithuto tsa Congo e e Kwa Godimo]]. Ka nako eo nngwe ya dipotso tsa bofelo tse di bulegileng tsa go batlisisa ga Yuropa mo Aforika e ne e le gore a Noka ya Lualaba e ne e fepa Nile (mogopolo wa ga Livingstone), Congo, kgotsa gongwe le [[:en:Niger_River|Noka ya Niger]].<ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFJeal2007|Jeal 2007]], pp. 188–219</ref>Ka go tsamaya ka tsela ya mo lefatsheng, o ne a fitlha kwa Nyangwe, e leng bogare jwa lefelo le le senang molao le le nang le merafe e e jang batho e [[:en:Tippu_Tip|Tippu Tip]] a neng a theile kgwebo ya gagwe ya makgoba mo go yone. Stanley o ne a kgona go thapa masole a a tswang kwa Tippu Tip gore a mo dise dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano tse di latelang kgotsa go feta, malatsi a le masome a robabongwe. Lekoko le ne la tswa mo Nyangwe ka ka tsela ya mo lefatsheng le ralala sekgwa se se kitlaneng sa Matimba. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobaongwe ba goroga gape kwa Lualaba. Ka go feta mo sekgweng go ne go le bokete thata, Tippu Tip o ne a retologa le lekoko la gagwe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole a le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi , a tlogela Stanley a le esi, a na le batho ba le lekgolo le masome a mane le boraro , go akaretsa le bana ba le robedi le basadi ba le lesome le borataro. Ba ne ba na le mekoro e le masome a mabedi le boraro . Kopano ya gagwe ya ntlha le morafe wa lefelo leo e ne e le [[:en:Tumbuka_people|Wenya]], morafe o o neng o begwa gore o ja nama ya batho. Ka kakaretso, Stanley o bega gore o ne a nna le dikopano di le masome a mararo le bobedi tse di neng di se tsotlhe ka kagiso le merafe e a neng a kopana le yone mo nokeng; dingwe tsa dikopano tseo di ne tsa nna le tiriso-dikgoka, le mororo a ne a leka go buisana le bone gore a letlelelwe go feta ka kagiso. Mme merafe e ne e le kelotlhoko ka maitemogelo a bone fela a batho ba ba tswang kwa ntle e ne e le le bagwebi ba makgoba. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ele lesome le borataro ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bosupa( 1877), morago ga dikilometara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a mane , ba ne ba fitlha kwa Boyoma Falls (e e neng ya bidiwa Stanley Falls ka nako nngwe morago ga moo), Diphororo tseno di na le di-cataract di le supa tse di anameng bokgakala jwa dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo (60 miles), mme ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go di fapaanya ka go tsamaya ka tsela ya mo lefatsheng. Fano Stanley o ne a utlwa gore noka e ne e bidiwa Ikuta Yacongo,<ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFJeal2007|Jeal 2007]], p. 199; 7 February 1877.</ref> e e neng ya mo supetsa gore o ne a fitlheletse Congo le gore Lualaba e ne e sa fepe Nile. Go simolola mo lefelong leno, merafe e ba neng ba kopana le yone e ne e sa tlhole e begwa gore e ja nama ya batho, mme e ne e setse e na le dibetsa tsa tlhobolo, go belaelwa e le ka ntlha ya tlhotlheletso ya Bapotokisi. Dibeke di ka nna nne le dikilometara di le sekete le makgolo a robabongwe (1,200 mi) morago ga moo o ne a goroga kwa Stanley Pool (e jaanong e bidiwang Pool Malebo), lefelo la ditoropo tsa gompieno tsa Kinshasa le Brazzaville. Go ya kwa tlase ga noka go ne go na le Livingstone Falls, e e neng e bidiwa ka phoso jaaka Livingstone e ne e ise e ke e nne kwa Congo: motseletsele wa diphororo di le masome a marataro le bobedi le di-rapids tse di nang le phetogo ya bogodimo jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa (900 ft) mo godimo ga dikhilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano (220 mi). Ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a le lesome le botlhano, ba ne ba simolola go fologa Diphororo tsa Livingstone, loeto lo lo neng lwa tsaya dikgwedi di le tlhano mme lwa baka go latlhegelwa ke matshelo a le mantsi. Fa ba fitlha kwa Diphororong tsa Isangile, tse e neng e le tsa botlhano go tloga kwa bokhutlong jwa diphororo tseo, ba ne ba gogela dikepe tsa bone le sekepe sa ''Lady Alice'' mo lotshitshing lwa noka, ba bo ba tlogela noka mme ba tsaya loeto mo lefatsheng ba lebile kwa [[:en:Boma,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Boma]], e leng boemelo jwa Bapotokisi. Ka tsatsi la boraro la Phatwe ba ne ba goroga kwa motsaneng wa Nsada. Go tswa foo Stanley o ne a romela banna ba le banè ba ba nang le makwalo go ya kwa Boma, ba kopa dijo tsa batho ba gagwe ba ba tshwerweng ke tlala. Ka tsatsi la bosupa la Phatwe thuso e ne ya goroga, e rometswe ke baemedi ba feme ya kgwebo ya [[:en:Liverpool|Liverpool]] ya Hatton & Cookson. Ka tsatsi la boroba-bongwe la Phatwe ba goroga kwa Boma, malatsi a le 1 001 fa e sale ba tswa kwa Zanzibar ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le lesome le bobedi ,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bone (1874). Mokgatlho o ne o na le batho ba le lekgolo le borobabobedi , go akaretsa bana ba le bararo ba ba tshotsweng mo loetong. Gongwe (dikgatiso tsa ga Stanley ka boene di neelana ka dipalo tse di sa dumalaneng), o ne a latlhegelwa ke batho ba le lekgolo le masome a mararo le bobedi ka ntlha ya bolwetse, tlala, go nwela, go bolaya le go tlogela. <ref>[[:en:Congo_River#CITEREFJeal2007|Jeal 2007]], p. 217</ref><ref>Stanley, Henry M. (1988) [Originally published: London: G. Newnes, 1899]. ''Through the Dark Continent'' (Reprint ed.). Dover Publications. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-486-25667-2|978-0-486-25667-2]]</bdi>.</ref> Kinshasa e ne ya tlhongwa ke Stanley ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi lw bongwe e le lefelo la kgwebo, mme ya bidiwa Léopoldville go tlotla [[:en:Leopold_II_of_Belgium|Leopold II wa Belgium]]. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le botlhano ( 1885), Molapo wa Noka ya Congo o ne wa tselwa ke Leopold II e le wa gagwe ka bonosi mme wa bidiwa [[:en:Congo_Free_State|Congo Free State]]. Ke mo pakeng eno go neng ga dirwa ditiro dintsi tsa [[:en:Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State|bosetlhogo tse di neng tsa diragala mo Congo Free State]], go fitlha kgaolo eo e bidiwa [[:en:Belgian_Congo|Belgian Congo]]. 2p6l9m1tzutxj0a2mitjkmoyqhmirbp 0 13494 50680 50627 2026-06-14T14:28:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 50680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Orange|river_name=Kai Garib (Groote Rivier), Gariep, Senqu, Oranje, Igqili (isiZulu le isiiZhosa)|image_name=OrangeRiverUpington.jpg|caption=Letsatsi le phirima kwa nokeng ya Orange gaufi le Upington kwa [[Kapa Bokone]]|basin_countries=[[Lesotho]] [[Aforika Borwa]] [[Namibia]]|mouth=Alexander Bay|location=lewatle la Atlantic|length_km=2,432 km (1,511 mi)|discharge_m3/s=365 m3/s (12,900 cu ft/s)|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Caledon]] [[Noka ya Vaal]] [[Noka ya Fish]] (kwa [[Namibia]]|elevation_m=3,350 m (10,990 ft)}} '''Noka ya Orange ('''e ka teme ya ''Afrikaans'' kgotsa Dutch e leng: '''Oranjerivier''') ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Ke noka e telele go di fitisa tsotlhe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Kgampu ya Orange, e e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bobedi, e tswa kwa Lesotho e tsena mo Aforika Borwa le [[Namibia]] go ya kwa bokone. E feta ka [[dithaba tsa Drankensberg]] kwa [[Lesotho]], e elelela kwa bophirima e feta ka Aforika Borwa go ya lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka e ke bontlha bongwe jwa melelwane ya mafatshefatshe gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Lesotho le gareng ga [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Namibia]], ga mmogo le le melelwane ya dikgaolo di le mmalwa mo Aforika Borwa. Ga e fete ka ditoropo dipe tse ditona kwa ntle ga ya [[Upington]]. Noka ya Orange e na le seabe se setona mo itsholelong ya Aforika Borwa ka go ntsha metsi a go nosetsa le go fetlha motlakase. Noka e, e reeletswe ka lolwapa lwa Dutch lwa segosi lwa House of Orange, e fiwa leina le ke motsamai wa Dutch Robert Jacob Gordon. Maina a mangwe a akaretsa lefoko le le rayang noka fela, ka puo ya Khoekhoegowab le kwalwa e le !Garib, le ka Afrikaans le ranolwang e le Gariep,<ref>Travel, Wild Africa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031736/http://www.wildafricatravel.com/home/country-overview/southern-region/orange-river/ "Wild Africa Travel: Orange River".] ''www.wildafricatravel.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031736/http://www.wildafricatravel.com/home/country-overview/southern-region/orange-river/ the original] on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Groote kgotsa noka ya Senqu (kwa Lesotho), go tswa mo lefokong bontsho.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161213081531/https://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/intro.aspx "Orange River Basin".] ''www.dwa.gov.za''. Archived from [https://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/intro.aspx the original] on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> E itsiwe ka puo ya [[Sezulu|Se Zulu]] e le isAngqu.<ref>Doke, C.M (1972). ''Zulu-English Dictionary'' (in English and Zulu). Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press. p. 11. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-85494-027-8|<bdi>0-85494-027-8</bdi>.]]</ref> == Go tsamaya ga yone == [[Setshwantsho:Orange River basin map.svg|left|thumb|Motsamao wa noka ya Orange, noka ya Caledon le noka ya Vaal. Mmepe o o supa Molelwane wa kelelo ya metsi. Kgampu ya Kalahari ga e a akarediwa ka metswedi mengwe ere ga e ise kwa dinokeng tse dingwe. Metswedi e mengwe e supa kgampu e e akaretsa dikarolo dingwe tsa [[Botswana]] (ka jalo le tsa Kalahari).]] Noka ya Orange e ya kwa godimo kwa dithabeng tsa Drankensberg mo molelwaneng wa Aforika Borwa le Lesotho, dikhilomithara di ka nna lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro kwa bophirimwa jwa lewatle la Indian, e le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le dikete tharo. Lefelo le noka e e leng kwa godimo thata kwa Lesotho go bidiwa Senqu. Dintlha dingwe tsa noka ya Senqu di a gatsela ka mariga ka ntlha ya go nna kwa godimo. Se se baka komelelo kwa tlase ga noka, mo go amang thata go nna teng ga dipodi le dikgomo.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260506034950/https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River "Orange River | Physical Features & Exploration | Britannica".]''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived from [https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River the original] on 6 May 2026. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Orange e tlaa bo e elelela kwa bophirima e kgabaganya Aforika Borwa, e tlhama tsela ya borwa-bophirima jwa kgaolo ya [[Foreistata|Free State]]. Mo kgaolong e, noka e elelela pele kwa [[Letamo la Gariep|letamong la Gariep]] morago e ye kwa letamong la vanderkloof. Go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa Lesotho go ya kwa tlase ga letamo la Vanderkloof, noka e epegile thata. Kwa tlase gape, lefatshe le papetla, noka e dirisiwa thata mo go nosetseng.<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/place/orange-river "Orange River | South African History Online"]. ''sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Kwa bophirima jwa [[Foreistata|Free State]], kwa borwa bophirima kwa [[Kimberley]], noka ya Orange e kopana le noka e e tshelang thata mo go yone ya Vaal, e e dirang bontlha jo bogolo jwa molelwane o o kwa bokone jwa kgaolo. Go tswa fa, noka e elelela kwa bophirima e feta sekgwa se se omeletseng sa borwa jwa kgaolo ya Kalahari le Namaqualand kwa [[Kapa Bokone]] go kopana le Namibia kwa boleleeleng jwa lefatshe jwa 20 degrees kwa botlhaba. Go tswa fa, e elelela kwa bophirima dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano, e tlhama molelwane wa mafatshefatshe gareng ga kgaolo e le kgaolo ya Namibia ya Karas. Noka e ka kgabaganngwa kwa Vioolsdrif kgotsa Noordoewer, kgotsa Alexander Bay kgotsa molelwane wa Orangemund fa o tlola ka tsela le kwa molelwaneng wa Sendlingsdrif fa o tlola ka sekepe. Mo dikhilomithareng tse di makgolo a robabobedi tsa bofelo tsa motsamao wa yone, noka ya Orange e amogela metsi go tswa mo melatswaneng (e tshwana le noka ya Fish), le mekgatshanyana e le mmalwa e metona e ya kwa go yone. Mo kgaolong e, [[sekaka sa Namib]] se felela kwa bokone jwa lotshitshi lwa noka, ka jalo, ka tlwaelesego, selekanyo sa metsi a a okediwang ke dinoka tse se sennye thata. Fa, moalo wa noka o epegile thata gape. [[Diphororo tsa Augrabies]] di mo ntlheng e ya noka ya Orange, kwa noka e yang kwa teng di mithara di le masome matlhano le borataro sebaka sa dikhilomithara di le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":1">[https://www.cedarberg-travel.com/destination/south-africa/northern-cape/augrabies-falls-national-park/ "Augrabies Falls National Park, South Africa - Cedarberg Africa".] ''www.cedarberg-travel.com''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Noka ya Orange e tshela kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gareng ga ditoropo tse dipotlana tsa Oranjemund kwa Namibia le Alexander Bay kwa Aforika Borwa, sebaka se se lekanang le fa gare ga [[Walvis Bay]] le [[Cape Town]]. Molomo wa noka ya Orange ke lefelo le le tletseng dimela tse di farologaneng gape le na le mefuta ya dinonyane e le masome a matlhano le bosupa fa dinonyane ka bongwe ka bongwe tse di gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1985 di le dikete di le masome mabedi, makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boraro go tsena dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro, makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boraro. Ke lefelo le le makgobokgobo le le leng botlhokwa go ya ka tumalano ya mafatshefatshe ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bongwe( 1971) kwa Ramsar, Iran, ka e le lengwe la mafelo a se kae a a makgobokgobo mo lotshitshing lo lo omeletseng kwa Borwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>Anderson, Mark D; Kolberg, Holger; Anderson, P Corné; Dini, John; Abrahams, Abe (September 2003). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/00306520309485389 "Waterbird populations at the Orange River mouth from 1980–2001: a re-assessment of its Ramsar status".] ''Ostrich''. '''74''' (3–4): 159–172. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Ostri..74..159A 2003Ostri..74..159A.] doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520309485389 10.2989/00306520309485389.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0030-6525 0030-6525.]</ref> Dikhilomithara di le masome mararo le boraro go tswa mo molomong wa yone, e fitlhilwe ke metsi a a elelang ka bontsi le motlhaba ebile ga e tsamaege ka sebaka se seleele. Noka e, e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bobedi.<ref name=":0" /> === Dikgaolo tse e isang metsi kwa go tsone le pula === Ka paka ya komelelo, selekanyo sa metsi mo nokeng se ya kwa tlase thata ka ntlha ya go elela mo go ntsi le go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi. Kwa motsweding wa noka ya Orange, pula e na ka bokete jwa di mili mithara di le dikete pedi ka ngwaga, mme pula e a fokotsega fa noka e elelela kwa bophirima; kwa molomong wa yone, pula e kwa tlase ga di milimithara di le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga. Dintlha tse di bakang go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi di oketsegela kwa pele kwa bophirima. Ka paka ya metsi (selemo), noka ya Orange e nna morwalela o mosetlha. Motlhaba o montsi o o mo metsing o gomagometsa matshosetsi a lobaka lo loleele mo diporojekeng tse di mo nokeng e.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 |title=The Northern Ephemeral Rivers of the Orange-Senqu River Basin^&#91;''p'' |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525164125/http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lefelo le noka ya Orange e isang metsi kwa go lone (le akaretsa Vaal) le sephara sa dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabongwe, makgolo a supa le boraro, ka jalo le lekana le 77% wa lefatshe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] (dikhilomithara di le sedikadike, dikete di le makgolo mabedi, masome a mabedi le bongwe). Le fa go ntse jalo, dikhilomithara di le dikete di le tharo, makgolo a marataro le borataro jwa mafelo ao a kwa ntle ga lefatshe kwa [[Lesotho]], [[Botswana]] le [[Namibia]].<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/place/orange-river "Orange River | South African History Online".] ''sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Dinoka tse di tshelang mo Orange === * [[Noka ya Vaal]] - dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a matlhano le borobabobedi * [[Noka ya Caledon]] - dikhilomithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mane le bobedi * [[Noka ya Khubelo]] - dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le bone === Matamo === * [[Letamo la Armenia]] * [[Letamo la Egmont]] * [[Letamo la Gariep]] * [[Letamo la Newberry]] * [[Letamo la Vanderkloof]] * [[Letamo la Welberdacht]] == Ditso == === Leina === Bangwe ba banni ba ntlha koo pele ga bokolone ba ne ba bitsa noka e Nū!arib, ba raya bontsho jwa yone, kgotsa dinako tse dingwe bare ke Kai !Arib ("Noka e kgolo"), lefoko le le tswang mo temeng ya Afrikaans ya Gariep,<ref>the surrounding area was once known as "Transgariep" ("the land across the Gariep") but the name has long been obsolete. See Karel Schoeman, ''Early White Travellers in the Transgariep, 1819-1840'', Protea Boekhuis, 2012 (ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781869190163|<bdi>9781869190163</bdi>)]]</ref> e ranolwa gotwe "Groote Rivier".<ref name=":1" /> Leina la teme ya Dutch la noka e la pele e ne e le thanolo eo fela, Groote Rivier, go yara noka e kgolo. Noka e biditswe Noka ya Orange ke Colonel Robert Gordon, mookamedi wa sesole wa kompone ya United East India kwa Cape Town, mo loetong lwa go ya kwa teng ga Cape Town ka 1779.<ref name=":1" /> Gordon o reeletse noka e ka William V wa Orange. Tumelo e e seng boammaruri mme e tlwaelesegile ke ya gore noka e,e reilwe leina ka ntlha ya mmala o o borokwa wa yone, o o sa tshwaneng le wa e e tshelang mo go yone ya Vaal, e e tsayang leina la yone mo go Hai!arib "noka e e phatsimang". Fa e sale ka phelelo ya puso ya tlhaolele, leina Gariep le dirisitswe thata mo dipuisanong kwa Aforika Borwa, le ntswa leina Orange le itsege thata mo mafatsheng a mangwe.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa Lesotho kwa noka e yang kwa godimo teng, e itsege ka leina la noka ya Senqu, le tswa mo leineng la pele la Khoemana. [[Setshwantsho:Orange River Panorama.jpg|thumb|Tshupo e e tserweng kwa noka e obegang teng ka godimo ga thaba, ka nako ya morwalela ka ntlha ya dipula tse di namagadi]] Komiti ya maina a tsa tikolo ya kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]] e supile kgatlhego mo maikelelong a go fetola leina go tswa mo go la bokolone, mo bontlheng joo jwa noka jo bo dirang molelwane garenng ga kgaolo ya [[Kapa Botlhaba]] le [[Foreistata|Free State]], dikakanyetso e nnile IGqili kgotsa Senqu.<ref>"New name looms for NC River". ''Diamond Fields Advertiser''. 13 June 2013. p. 11.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/sa-statement-by-afriforum-civil-rights-organisation-objects-to-proposed-name-change-of-orange-river-06062013-2013-06-06 "Statement by Afriforum on proposed name change of Orange River"]. ''Polity''. 6 June 2013.</ref> Kgatlhego e e tsentswe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya Aliwal Weekblad e supa fa leina la gompieno le amana thata le ditso tsa go gatelelwa mo bokoloneng ka jalo ga le a tshwanela go ka bo le ntse le dirisiwa gompieno.<ref name=":2" /> === Grootslang === Mo mainaneng a Aforika Borwa, Noka ya Orange e amanngwa le Grootslang, selo se se tshwanang le noga e tona, e gantsi e amangwang le diteemane tsa noka eo. Go tlhalosiwa fa Grootslang e tshelela mo logageng lo lo tletseng ditswammung lo lo kopaneng le noka ya Orange ka phaepe e diteemane di tsenang mo nokeng ka yone ka bonya ka bonya.<ref name=":3">Green, Lawrence G. (1948). ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.54893|Where Men Still Dream]]''. Standard Press Ltd., Cape Town. pp. 125–126.</ref> Mafelo a mangwe a go bolelwang e le a go nnang setshedi se teng a akaretsa letangwana le le kwa tlase ga King George kwa diphororong tsa Aughrabies, kwa le gone go bolelwang e le motswedi wa diteemane,<ref name=":3" /> le lejwe le letona mo gare ga noka. Mo polelong e, go bolelwa fa Grootslang e e ja dikgomo mo lotshitshing lwa noka.<ref>Cornell, F. C. (1920). ''[[iarchive:glamourprospect00corngoog|The Glamour of Prospecting]]''. T. Fisher Unwin Ltd., London. p. 142.</ref> == Itsholelo == [[Setshwantsho:Orange River at Aliwal North.jpg|thumb|Borogo jwa Hertzof kwa godimo ga noka ya Orange kwa molelwaneng o o kwa borwa bophirima jwa Free State: ela tlhoko masalela a borogo jwa Frere mo molemeng]] Ka e le kwa bontsi jwa metsi a Aforika Borwa a yang teng, noka ya Orange e na le seabe se setona mo go tsa temothuo, madirelo le meepo. Go thusa ka se, go dirilwe diporojeke tse pedi tse ditona, porojeke ya Noka ya Orange le porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho. Mo ditsong, noka e ne e na le seabe se setona mo diteemaneng tsa Aforika Borwa, diteemane tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe di bonwe mo motlhabeng wa Noka ya Orange. gompieno, meepo e e rekisang diteemane e direla mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange le gaufi le molomo wa yone, fa ditetla tsa lookwane le gase di neetswe dikompone di le dintsi.<ref>Sowman, Merle; Sunde, Jackie; Lambrecht, Michael (2023). [https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the West Coast of South Africa".] ''One Ocean Hub''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go nna teng ga diphologolo tse di borai le metsi a a kwa godimo ka selemo, noka e dirisiwa go itlosa bodutu ga go kgweetsa mekoro. Go kgweetsa mekoro kwa nokeng ya Orange go tumile thata mo dikompone dingwe di dirisang dikampa tsa tsone mo lotshitshing lwa noka go berekela teng. Maeto a a tumileng thata ke lwa malatsi a mane le lwa malatsi a marataro mo nokeng go bapa le mogogoro kgotsa kwa tlase ga diphororo tsa Augrabies kgotsa go bapisa lefelo la Richtersveld.<ref>[https://orangeriverrafting.com/adventures/4-day-orange-river-adventure/ "4-Day Orange River Adventure".] ''Orange River Rafting''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> === Porojeke ya Noka ya Orange === Porojeke ya Noka ya Orange ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse ditona tsa mofuta oo kwa Aforika Borwa. E simolotswe ke puso ya ga Hendrik Verwoerd ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele. Porojeke e e diretswe go dirisa metsi a noka ya Orange gotswela batho mosola - mo kwa ntle ga noka ya Vaal, e leng 14.1% fela ya metsi a Aforika borwa - mo go ne go dira gore go kgone go fitlhelelwa seelo sa letlhoko la metsi kwa Aforika Borwa. Maikaelelo magolo a porojeke e ne e le go:<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River/People-and-economy#ref418184 "Orange River - People, Economy, Borders | Britannica".] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/esploro/outputs/doctoral/To-provide-for-the-supply-and/9942601307691 "Research Portal".] ''ujcontent.uj.ac.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> * go ritibatsa go ela ga noka * go fetlha motlakase wa metsi * go nna le motswedi wa metsi mo badirising ba kwa kgampung ya noka ya Orange, le * go dira gore go nne le metsi kwa mafelong a a tlhaelelwang ke metsi kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], jaaka mekgatsha ya Great Fish le Sundays. Letamo la Gariep gaufi le Colesberg ke kago ya boremelelo e e bayang metsi kwa nokeng ya Orange. Go tswa fa, metsi a isiwa kwa mafelong a mabedi, kwa bophirima mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange go ya kwa letamong la Vanderkloof le kwa borwa go kgabaganya mosele wa Orange-Fish kwa Kapa botlhaba.<ref>[https://www.places.co.za/info/tourist-attraction/orange-river-information.html "Orange River - Tourist Information".] ''SA Places''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> ==== Motlakase wa metsi ==== [[Setshwantsho:GariepDam.jpg|left|thumb|[[Letamo la Gariep]] ke lone le letona thata mo nokeng ya Orange kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], ke bontlha jo bo botlhokwa jwa porojeke ya Orange.]] [[Eskom]] e na le metshine e e fetlhang motlakase kwa letamong la Gariep le la Vanderkloof. Motshine o o kwa letamong la Vanderkloof ke one wa ntlha kwa Aforika Borwa go diriwa kwa tlase ga lefatshe. Ditoropo tsa Oviston le Oranjekrag di tlhametswe go dira gore nne le kago le tiriso ya dikago tse disha.<ref>[https://www.eskom.co.za/heritage/vanderkloof-power-station/ "Vanderkloof Power Station - Heritage".] ''www.eskom.co.za''. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Scenery photo by Siloam Village Gariep.JPG|thumb|Botlhaba jwa letamo kwa Oviston]] === Go nosetsa === [[Setshwantsho:Irrigation Project along the Orange River.jpg|left|thumb|Diporojeke di le mmalwa mo lotshitshing lwa noka]] [[Setshwantsho:Orange River Wine Farm.jpg|thumb|masimo a moretlwa kwa nokeng ya Orange]] Go agiwa ga matamo a Gariep le Vanderkloof go dirile gore go kgone go nosediwa ga lefatshe la diheketara di le dikete tsa temothuo lwa letamong la Vandekloof. Diporojeke tse dikgologolo tsa go nosetsa jaaka tsa Buchuberg, Upington, [[Kakamas]] le [[Vioolsdrift]] le tsone di anywile sengwe ka ntlha ya gore go laola tsamaiso ya metsi jaanong go a kgonega. Mo letlhakoreng la Namibia la noka, masimo a Aussenkehr a ntsha meretlwa ka thuso ya metsi a a tswang mo nokeng ya Orange.<ref>[https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/irrigation-project-along-the-orange-river-43035/ "Irrigation Project along the Orange River - NASA Science"]. 7 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di sa tswang go feta, mafelo a a dirang mofine mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange a botlhokw thata. Go nosetsa kwa Kapa Botlhaba le gone go ile magoletsa, eseng ka gore metsi a oketsegile fela, mme gape e le ka gore a oketsegile boleng. Kwa ntle ga tokafalo e, balemi ba dinamune le losika lwa yone mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Sundays ba ka bo ba tsweletse ka go latlhegelwa.<ref>[https://news.wine.co.za/news.aspx?NEWSID=44771 "Wine in the desert"]. ''wine.co.za''. 30 January 2025. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.gfrwua.com/scheme "The Scheme"]. ''GFRWUA''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho === Porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho e ne e tlhamelwa go tlatsa metsi a noka ya Vaal. Metsi a a isiwa kwa Aforika Borwa ka mosele o o fetang kwa tlase ga molelwane wa Lesotho le Aforika Borwa kwa nokeng ya Caledon le kwa tlase ga noka ya Little Caledon kwa borwa jwa Clarens kwa Free State, e tshela metsi kwa nokeng ya Ash dikhilomithara di le masome mararo kwa bokone. Porojeke e ne ya kgonagala fa letlhoko la metsi kwa Guateng le ya kwa seelong se se neng se sa kgone go fitlhelelwa ke diporojeke tse dingwe jaaka ya Tugela le Vaal, e e neng e dirisa letamo la Sterkfonteingaufi le Harrismith kwa Free State.<ref>[https://www.internetgeography.net/geotopics/lesotho-large-scale-water-transfer-scheme-case-study/ "Lesotho Large-Scale Water Transfer Scheme Case Study".] ''Internet Geography''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Diteemane tse di kgwilweng ke metsi === Ka ngwaga wa 1867, teemane ya ntlha go bonwa kwa Aforika Borwa, [[teemane ya Eureka]],e bonwe gaufi le Hopetown mo nokeng ya Orange. Morago ga dingwaga tse pedi, teemane e kgolwane e e itsegeng e le [[naledi ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne ya bonwa mo lefelong leo, se se baka gore batho ba le bantsi ba tabogele koo. Se se ne sa ema ka ntlha ya go tabogela meepo ya diteemane kwa [[Kimberley|Kimberly]] ka 1871, le ntswa diteemane di ne di ntse di bonwa kwa nokeng ya Orange. Gompieno, meepo e e rekisang e le mmalwa e berekela kwa bofelelong jwa noka, le kwa lotshitshing lwa molomo wa yone. Meepo ya diteemane e bereka gape fa gare ga noka. === Go kgweetsa mekoro === [[Setshwantsho:OrangeRiverRafting.jpg|thumb|Go kgweetsa mekoro ko nokeng ya Orange go tlwaelesegile mo bajanaleng]] Ka nako ya dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong, ka go a bo go le dipula tse di namagadi gape matamo a butswe, mokgweetsi wa mokoro o ka tsamaya sebakasa dikhilomithara di le masome mararo ka letsatsi. Boteng jwa noka bo tumile thatam ka gore go na le popego e ntle, Maeto a thekiso a teng, batho ba tswa kwa toropong ya molelwane wa Vioolsdrif. == Diphologolo tsa naga == [[Setshwantsho:Labeobarbus aeneus, Orange river, Richtersveld.jpg|thumb|Tlhapi ya smallmouth yellowfish ke tlhapi e e tlwaelesegileng thata e bonwa kwa nokeng ya Orange le Vaal fela.]] Noka ya Orange ga e na le diphologolo tse ditona. E kwa ntle ga lefelo le dikwena tsa Nile di nakwa go lone, le ntswa dikubu di kile tsa bo di le dintsi koo, di ne tsa tsomiwa go fitlhelela di fela ka lekgolo la dingwga di le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:Guy_C._Shortridge|Shortridge, Guy Chester]] (1934). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=aI6LyAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y The Mammals of South West Africa: A Biological Account of the Forms Occurring in that Region]''. W. Heinemann.</ref> Noka ya Orange ga e na ditshedi le dimela tse di kalo. Dipatlisiso go tswa ka 1995 go tsena 2001 kwa boteng jwa noka ya Orange di bone mefuta ya ditlhapi e le lesome le borobabongwe go tswa mo malwapeng a ditlhapi a le borobabobedi a a farologaneng. Mefuta e e seng ya lefelo leo e e gatisitsweng ke patlisiso e ke ya Cyprinus Carpio le Oreochromis mossambicus, tse tsa bofelo di oketsegile thata ka dingwaga tsa 1980<ref>Næsje, T. F.; Hay, C. J.; Nickanor, N.; Koekemoer, J.; Strand, R.; Thorstad, E. B. (2007). ''Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Lower Orange River, Namibia, from 1995 to 2001''. Trondheim: NINR. pp. 5–6. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-82-426-1791-0|<bdi>978-82-426-1791-0</bdi>.]]</ref> di simologa. Mofuta o mongwe o o tswang kgakala ke wa trout, o bonwa kwa nokeng e e kwa Lesotho. [[Setshwantsho:Augrabies - Twin Falls - 001.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Twin kwa Diphororong tsa Augrabies]] Mefuta e supa e bonwa fela mo mafaratlhatlheng a noka ya Vaal-Orange:<ref>Beekman, Hans E. (30 May 2006). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=MKWRJ7GOOM0C&pg=PA13&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Facing the Facts: Assessing the Vulnerability of Africa's Water Resources to Environmental Change''.] UNEP/Earthprint. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-807-2574-2|<bdi>978-92-807-2574-2</bdi>.]]</ref> * Rock-catfish * Maluti redfin * Namaquab barb * River Sardine * Smallmouth yellowfish * Largemouth yellowfish * Orange River mudfish == Metswedi == kt75p13uui7nnafratlycj809wjjo5u 0 13496 50679 50450 2026-06-14T14:19:16Z MmaBaggio 11091 50679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Vanderkloof ('''le pele le neng le bidiwa letamo la P.K Le Roux) le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo le masome a mararo kwa tlase ga [[letamo la Gariep]] le tshelwa ke [[noka ya Orange]], noka e tona thata kwa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>Van Aarde, Andries, ed. (2018). [https://archive.org/details/oapen-20.500.12657-25307/page/197/mode/2up?q=%22vanderkloof+dam%22+%22berg+river%22 ''South Africa’s water governance hydraulic mission (1912–2008) in a WEF-Nexus context''.] AOSIS (Pty) Ltd. pp. 198–200 – via Internet Archive.</ref> Letamo la Vanderkloof ke letamo la bobedi ka botona kwa Aforika Borwa (ka selekanyo sa metsi), le na le lebotana le letona thata mo lefatsheng leo le le dimithara di le lekgolo le borobabobedi. letamo le le butswe semmuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977); le tshwara metsi a selekanyo sa di mithara di le sedikadike, dikete di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le bosupa le bophara jwa 133.43 kilomiters fa le tletse. Dinoka tse dingwe tse di tshelang mo letamong le di akaretsa noka ya Berg, melatswana e mebedi e e senang maina go tswa kwa Reebokrand le noka ya Knapsak, Paaiskloofspruit, noka ya Seekoei, Kattegatspruit le noka ya Hondeblaf go dikologa. Toropo ya Vanderkloof e tlhamilwe mo lotshitshing lo lo mo molemeng wa letamo, tsela ya go tsena mo toropong e tswa kwa lebotaneng la letamo, go na le matlo a boitapoloso le a go itlosa bodutu jaaka Rolftontein Nature Reserve. == Ditshwantsho == [[Setshwantsho:VanderKloof Dam Wall 1.jpg|left|thumb|Moja wa letamo]] [[Setshwantsho:VanderKloofDamLookingLeftSideDownRiver.jpg|center|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:VanderKloofDamLookingDownPanoramic.jpg|center|thumb]] == Metswedi == nod9aesg4vai7vpj7qeqtba8gcr1tuq 0 13497 50678 50621 2026-06-14T14:17:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 50678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Mohokare|image_name=View from Old railway bridge..... - panoramio.jpg|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Caledon|basin_countries=[[Lesotho]]|location=[[Free State]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Orange]]|length_km=642 km|length_mi=399 mi|elevation=1,267 m (4,157 ft)}} '''Noka ya Caledon''' (ka Sesotho: Mohokare) ke noka e tona kwa legareng la [[Aforika Borwa]]. E boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a marataro masome a mane le bobedi, e tlhatloga kwa dithabeng tsa Drankensberg kwa molelwaneng wa [[Lesotho]], e elelela kwa borwa bophirima le kwa bophirimwa pele ga e kopana le [[noka ya Orange]] gaufi le Bethulie kwa borwa jwa [[Foreistata|Free State]]. Noka e pele e ne e filwe leina la Prinses Wilhelminas Rivier ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a supa le bosupa (1777), ke Colonel R J Gordon.<ref>Raper, P.E. (1987). ''[https://languagecentre.sun.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SaPlaceNamesDictionary1987.pdf Dictionary of South African Place Names]'' (PDF). p. 105.</ref> == Popego == Tlholego ya noka ya Caledon ke kwa e neng e le bonno jwa [[Qwaqwa]], gaufi lemolelwane wa [[Lesotho]], kwa borwa bophirima jwa Witsieshoek. E elelela kwa borwa bophirima kwa molelwaneng wa toropokgolo ya Lesotho ebong [[Maseru]]. E dira molelwane gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Lesotho pele ga e tsena kwa [[Foreistata|Free State]] kwa kgaolong ya Aforika Borwa. E tlaa bo e ya kwa bophirima pele ga e kopana le [[noka ya Orange]] gaufi le Bethulie kwa borwa jwa Free State pele ga e elelela kwa [[Letamo la Gariep|letamong la Gariep]]. Boleele jwa yone ke dikhilimothara di le makgolo a mane, masome a robabobedi, mokgatsha wa yone o itemogela go farologana ga bothitho.<ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Caledon-River "Caledon River".] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Lefatshe le le fa gare ga noka ya Caledon le noka ya Orange ke lefelo la itloso bodutu la Tussen-die-Riviere Reserve la diheketara di ledikete di le masome mabedi le bobedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201127/https://www.places.co.za/html/tussen_die_riviere.html "Tussen Die Riviere Game Reserve"]. SA Places. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> == Noka == Noka e ke yone e e nosang Maseru, toropokgolo ya Lesotho, e e mo nokeng. Ka dinako tsa dipula tse d seng dintsi, go nna le tlhaelo ya metsi. Go thibela se, melatswana e le mmalwa e tlhamilwe ka dikago di tshwana le letamo la Muela le letamo la Meulspruit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003111/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverFSCaledon/CALEDONRiver_Dams%20.htm# "Caledon River - Dams".] Archived from [https://ewisa.co.za/ the original] on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le boraro (2003), metsi a ne a ntshiwa mo go yone go thibela komelelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310201737/http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2003/03102210461001.htm# "Drought".] Archived from [https://www.gov.za/ the original] on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Mokgatsha wa Caledon o botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa Basotho. Lefelo le, le ne le le lenamagadi ebile le kgona go lemiwa go sa nosediwe. Se se ne sa dira gore le eletsege la bo la nna dingwe tsa dilo tse di neng di baka kgotlhang gareng ga Basotho le Maburu.<ref>Coplan, David B. (2001). "A river runs through it: The meaning of the Lesotho‐free state border". ''African Affairs''. '''100''' (398): 81–116. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/afraf/100.398.81 10.1093/afraf/100.398.81.]</ref> Mmidi o lemiwa ka bontsi mo mokgatsheng wa Caledon.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == ga3g89dwqckxhmfvoo4rvn1kfkrv0c9 0 13521 50676 50479 2026-06-14T13:51:21Z MmaBaggio 11091 50676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Grootdraai''' ke letamo le le agilwe ka lokgarapana le mmu kwa nokeng ya Vaal, gaufi le Standeron kwa [[Mpumalanga]], [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://www.surftribe.it/spot_view.php?sn=3&sd=&vn=194&vd=&id=7069 "Grootdraai Dam".] ''SurfTribe.it''. Retrieved 2026-06-11.</ref> le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981). == Tse di diragetseng pele == Letamo la Grootdraai ke kago ya lokgarapana kwa gare dimithara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro ka boleele, kwa tlhakoreng le agilwe ka mmu, ka jalo le boleele jwa dimithara di le dikete pedi lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le boleele jwa kwa godimo bo le di mithara di le masome mane le bobedi. Letamo le feditswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) le agelwa go ema nokeng letlhoko la metsi la SASOL II le III la magala le lookwane kwa Secunda, Tutuka kwa go nang dipompo tsa eskom le kwa Matla, Duvha, Kendal le kriel kwa masimo a magala kwa kgampung ya [[noka ya Olifants]].<ref>"[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsmpl/grootdraai.php Grootdraai Dam in Standerton, Mpumalanga]". ''www.sa-venues.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-11.</ref> Letamo le gae le bereka go fokotsa metsi a morwalela kwa Standerton le baya selekanyo sa metsi a apompetsweng mo golone a le dimithara di le didikadike di le lekgolo ka ngwaga kwa kgampung ya noka ya Vaal go tswa kwa letamong la Heyshope kwa kgampung ya [[noka ya Usutu]]. Borai jwa kgao ya letamo le bo kwa godimo thata. Ka nako ya komelelo e e neng e tlhwaafetse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro ( 1983), metswedi ya metsi ya dinoka tse di gautshwane tsa Komati le Usutu e ne e kgadile, se sa baka matshwenyego a gore go isa metsi kwa madirelong mangwe a motlakase go tlaa amega. Tlhaelo ya metsi go ya kwa madirelong a motlakase ke seemo se se sa nnang sentle kwa Aforika Borwa ka gore 80% ya lefatshe e ikaegile ka motlakasewa metsi go tswa mo mafaratlhatlheng a Komati-Usutu. Go ne ga akanyediwa fa letamo le le neng le sa tswa go fediwa la Grootdraai le tlaa fela metsi mo sebakeng sa dikgwedi, ka jalo porojeke ya tshoganyetso e ne ya simololwa go pompa metsi kwa godimo mo sekgeleng sa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi le bobedi go ya kwa letamong la Grootdraai go tswa kwa [[Letamo la vaal|letamong la Vaal]]. Porojeke ya tshoganyetso e ne e akaretsa matangwana a le supa, lenwge le lengwe le tsentswe dipompo tse di kgonang go pompa metsi a bokete jwa sedikadike ka letsatsi. Le ntswa porojeke e, ya tshoganyetso e ne ya seka ya dirisiwa, e ne ya fediwa ya bo ya amogela seetsele sa porojeke ya kago e e tlhomogileng ka 1983 go tswa kwa lekgotleng la South African Institute of Civil Engineers. == Metswedi == kkwnmlfvmsamp1032kzovh2uebh4m4j 0 13525 50675 50483 2026-06-14T13:47:35Z MmaBaggio 11091 50675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Klip|river_name=Kliprivier|image_name=Henley on Klip - Klip River.jpg|image_map=South Africa Gauteng relief location map.svg|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Vaal]]|elevation_m=1,414}} '''Noka ya Klip''' (e ka Afrikaans e bidiwang Kliprivier) ke yone noka ya boremelelo e e tshelwang ke borwa jwa [[Johannesburg]] kwa Witwatersrand kgampu ya yone e akaretsa Johannesburg CBD le [[Soweto]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050505170929/http://ceroi.net/reports/johannesburg/csoe/images/scan/KLIPRIVE.GIF "Klip Basin map"]. Archived from [https://www.ceroi.net/reports/johannesburg/csoe/images/scan/KLIPRIVE.GIF the original] on 2005-05-05. Retrieved 2026-06-11</ref> Molomo wa noka e, o kwa Vereeniging kwa e tshelang kwa nokeng ya Vaal,<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA8UpperVaal.jpg Upper Vaal Basin map, Government of South Africa]</ref> e e tshelang kwa nokeng ya Orange. Kwa ntle ga Vereeniging, ditorpo tse dingwe mo lotshitshing lwa noka e ke Henley on Klip, Lenasia le Meyerton. == Letangwana la Kidson == Letangwana la Kidson le kwa motseng wa Henley on klip kwa nokeng ya Klip kwa Aforika Borwa, le filwe leina le morago ga ga Fenning Kidson, ngwana wa ngwana wa mothibeledi wa 1820.<ref>[https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM9GNT_Kidson_Weir_Henley_on_Klip "Kidson Weir - Henley on Klip - Water Dams on Waymarking.com".] Groundspeak, Inc. Retrieved 11 June 2026</ref> === Ditso === Fenning o tsene sekolo kwa England, mme a boela Aforika Borwa e le lekawana a nna mopagami wa koloi,o tshedile ka nako e le nngwe le Sir Percy FitzPatrick. Morago ga go tlhagoga ga ntwa ya Maburu le Makgoa, dikgang di ne tsa tla kwa go Kidson di supa fa ramasole a le mo tseleng go tla go mo tshwara. O ne a falola mo ponong ya Maburu,a pagame pitse ya gagwe, le mosadi wa gagwe. O ne a ya kwa Natal, mme a boela kwa Transvaa; morago ga ntwa,a nna kwa Henley on Klip le mosadi wa gagwe Edith. Lolwapa lo ne lwa fana ka Tilham, kwa e leng ntlo e e kwa lotshithsing lwa noka kwa sekhutlwaneng sa distela tsa Regatta le Shillingford.<ref>[https://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/read/SOUTH-AFRICA/2004-09/1095156939 "Henley on Klip".] The South Entertainment, September 2004, Issue No.59. Retrieved 11 June 2026</ref> === Gompieno === Ka kgwedi ya Morule ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome ( 2010), motse wa Henley on Klip o ne wa itemogela merwalela e megolo, morago go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go tlhabolola letangwana. Ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) tiro e ne e simolotse mo go baakanyeng diphaepe kwa bophirima jwa letangwana. Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi ( 2012) maano a ne a diriwa a go aga borogo jo bosha go kgabaganya letangwana.<ref>^{[http://www.henleyherald.co.za/.cm4all/iproc.php/November.pdf?cdp=a "Henley on Klip"] (PDF). The Henley Herald. Retrieved 11 June 2026}</ref><ref>[https://www.midvaal.gov.za/files/newsletters/Newsletter%20Final%20-%20individual%20pages%20(3rd%20edition%202012).pdf "MIDVAAL APPROVES A BUDGET OF R930 MILLION FOR 2012/2013"] (PDF). Midvaal Local Municipality. Retrieved 11 June 2026</ref> == Matshwenyego a tsa tikologo == [[Setshwantsho:Kidson Wier in Henley on Klip.jpg|thumb|Letangwana la Kidson]] [[Setshwantsho:Flooding at the Kidson Weir - January 2010.JPG|thumb|Morwalela kwa letamong la Kidson - Firikgong 2010]] [[Setshwantsho:Flooding at the Kidson Weir, Dec 2010.JPG|thumb|Morwalela kwa letangwaneng la Kidson - Morule 2010]] Makgobokgobo a noka ya Klip kwa Lenasia, Soweto le mafelo a a mabapi a fitlhetswe a na le kgotlhelesego e e bakilweng ke metsi a temothuo le madirelo ga mmogo le metsi a a leswe a toropo.<ref>Mabuza, Ernest. [https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2025-03-25-university-researchers-uncover-toxic-legacy-in-klip-river/ "University researchers uncover toxic legacy in Klip River".]</ref> Dipego ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro ( 2016)<ref name=":0">[https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/2242-1-16.pdf "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aquatic ecosystems of Soweto/Lenasia"] (PDF). ''Water Research Commission''. '''2242''' (16). 2016-06-01. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4312-0801-2|<bdi>978-1-4312-0801-2</bdi>.]]</ref> le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome mabedi le botlhano 2025<ref name=":1">Makobe, Samuel; Seopela, Mathapelo P.; Ambushe, Abayneh A. (2025-02-08). [https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&client_id=springerlink&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10661-025-13724-0 "Seasonal variations, source apportionment, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Klip River, Johannesburg, South Africa".] ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''. '''197''' (3): 257. doi:[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-025-13724-0 10.1007/s10661-025-13724-]0. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1573-2959 1573-2959]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]] 11807025. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39921783/ 39921783.]</ref> di supile fa seelo sa kgotlhelesego eo se le kwa godimo mo ditlhaping, dimela le mmu mo go ka bakang borai mo matshelong a batho.<ref name=":0" /> Ditlhapi tsa mofuta wa Zebrafish di fetogile popego, go diega go thuab mae le go swa.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 1l6ruzq2tv4rfs5i64cq9xro2i0wdd0 0 13531 50674 50489 2026-06-14T13:33:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 50674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sediba sa noka ya Vaal Barrage''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Vaal gaufi le molelwane wa Vanderbijlpark, wa [[Gauteng]] le [[Foreistata|Free State]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Letamo le le dirilwe ka dikgoro tse dintsi go kgabaganya [[noka ya Vaal]], le agilwe ke [[Rand Water]] kwa [[Letamo la vaal|letamong la Vaal]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le boraro (1923). Sediba se boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le masome marataro le bone se na le seelo sa dilithara di le didikadike di le masome marataro le boraro, bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le sekete le borataro, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mararo le botlhano, e boteng jwa di mithara di le nne. Dinoka tsa Suikerbosrand, klip le Rietspruit tse di tshelang mo nokeng ya Vaal di tswa kwa madirelong le mafelo a a nnang batho ba le bantsi jaak [[Johannesburg]], Vereeniging le Sasolburg. Sediba se, se ne se dirisediwa go isa metsi kwa Witwatersrand mme ga se sa tlhole se a isa ka boleng jwa metsi bo ile tlase ka ntlha ya kgotlhelesego. Sediba se,se se okametsweng ke Ran Water, se dirisediwa ditiragalo tsa itloso bodutu jaak go pagama dikepe, go thuma le go tshwara ditlhapi, go na le mafelo a itloso bodutu le boitapoloso a le mantsi mo lotshitshing lwa sone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084656/http://www.randwater.co.za/CorporateResponsibility/WWE/Pages/WaterOrigination.aspx "Water Origination: The Vaal River System"]. Rand Water. Archived from [http://www.randwater.co.za/CorporateResponsibility/WWE/Pages/WaterOrigination.aspx the original] on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == loomr5exmx3umr2aamoktwqopxsodwg 0 13533 50673 50491 2026-06-14T13:32:38Z MmaBaggio 11091 50673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Disaneng''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka mmu kwa [[Noka ya Molopo|nokeng ya Molopo]] kwa mmasepaleng wa Ratlou gaufi le molelwane wa mmasepala wa [[Mahikeng]] go se kgakala le Mmabatho kwa [[Bokone Bophirima]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://www.fishangler.com/fishing-waters/za/north-west/disaneng-dam/34199438 "Fishing at Disaneng Dam, North West → Explore Fishing Spots & Catches"]. ''FishAngler''. Retrieved 11 June 2026.</ref> Le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), tirisokgolo ya lone e le go nosetsa. Batho ba kgona go tshwara ditlhapi kwa go lone<ref>Khakhau, Sellwane (1 January 2024). [https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/dismay-over-deteriorating-state-of-mahikengs-disaneng-dam/ "Concern over deteriorating state Mahikeng's Disaneng Dam"]. ''SABC News''. Retrieved 11 June 2026.</ref> di tshwana le carp, King carp, catfish, tilapia le bass e e sa tswang go simolola go bonala thata kwa letamong leo. Kwa lebotaneng la letamo, go na le dinonyane tse di tswang kwa mafelong a sele di le dintsi. == Metswedi == sgkt35rifpffvdwenu7o1u1xzyo4avh 0 13539 50672 50575 2026-06-14T13:31:04Z MmaBaggio 11091 50672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Mohale''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka lekgarapana kwa [[Lesotho]]. Ke letamo la bobedi ka botona mo legatong la 1B la motseletsele wa matamo a a mo porojekeng ya metsi ya Lesotho, e e tlaa akaretsang matamo a matona a le matlhano kwa mafelong a a kgakala kwa Lesotho le [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160916192118/http://www.lhda.org.ls/Phase1/ "Welcome to LHWP Phase I".] Lesotho Highlands Development Authority. Archived from [http://www.lhda.org.ls/Phase1/ the original] on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2026</ref> Porojeke e, e agilwe ka madi a di dolara tsa America di le bilone e le nngwe le botlhano.<ref>McDonald, David A. (1 April 2004). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=F1WdPPD15pYC&pg=PA224&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Environmental Justice in South Africa]''. Juta and Company Ltd. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-919713-66-3|<bdi>978-1-919713-66-3</bdi>.]]</ref> Letamo la Mohale le ne la atswiwa ka seetsele sa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) sa Fulton ke lekgotla la lekgaripana la Aforika Borwa go bo e le porojeke e e gaisitseng ya bo injineere le go dirisa mategeniki a maemo a ntlha.<ref>Haas, Lawrence J. M.; Mazzei, Leonardo; O'Leary, Donal (2010). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=z8S9d056JAQC&redir_esc=y Lesotho Highlands Water Project: Communication Practices for Governance and Sustainability Improvement]''. World Bank Publications. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8213-8435-0|<bdi>978-0-8213-8435-0</bdi>.]]</ref> == Popego == Letamo le, le agilwe go kgabaganya noka ya Senqunyane kwa tlase ga kwa e kopanang teng le e e tshelang mo go yone kwa bophirima ya Likalaneng.<ref name=":0">[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=cP9BAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y Consortium & Consortium 1986,] p. 37.</ref> Tshekatsheko ya lefelo la letamo kwa dithabeng tsa [[Lesotho]] e supile mekgatsha e e boteng kwa mmu o leng motlhofo mme go tletse diphororo.<ref name=":0" /> Lefelo la letamo le supilwe ka dipopego di le pedi tsa go thubega ga majwe mo go neng go tlhoka go baakanngwa. Letamo le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo kwa botlhaba jwa [[Maseru]], toropokgolo ya Lesotho.<ref>[https://www.webuildgroup.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/mohale-dam-highlands-water-project-phase-1b.html "Mohale Dam - highlands water project - phase 1b".] Salini Impreglio. Retrieved 11 June 2026</ref> Letamo le le tsaya metsi kwa lefelong la dikhilomithara di le makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo nokeng e e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le masome a marataro go ya kwa godimo e le dimithara di le sekete, le masome a matlhano.<ref name=":0" /> == Tse di diragetseng pele == Metswedi e metona ya metsi e botlhokwa mo lefatsheng,e le nngwe ya ditsa tlholego tsa lefatshe le le senang lotshitshi lwa lewatle. Mookamedi wa ditiro tsa selegae o ne a kopa ramaranyane go sekaseka kgonagalo ya porojeke e le tsela ya go tlatsa metsi a a tlhokafalang kwa meepong ya gouta ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=2GbvAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Official SADC trade, industry, and investment review''.] Southern African Marketing Company. 2003. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780620299190|<bdi>9780620299190</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":1">Dennill, Bruce (2001). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=9LIhAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y Lesotho Highlands Water Project: partners for life]''. LHDA.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1983, World Bank e ne ya simolola go diragatsa porojeke. Leagto lantlha le ne la akaretsa dintlha dingwe tse di botlhokwa tsa porojeke, fa legato la 1B le ne le akaretsa maranyane le go okamela ditiro tse dikgolo le leano le baitseanape mo mohameng wa maranyane le tsa tikologo le selegae. Banka ya ditlhabololo ya borwa jwa Aforika, le ya Yuropa ya dipeeletso le tsone go ne go builwe le tsone go thusa porojeke e ka madi.<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=z8S9d056JAQC&redir_esc=y Haas, Mazzei & O'Leary 2010, p. xiv.]</ref> Porojeke ya metsi a dithaba a Lesotho e ne ya tlhamiwa, ka maikaelelo a go isa metsi kwa kgaolong ya gauteng ya Aforika Borwa le go fetlha motlakase go fitlhelela letlhoko la batho ba Lesotho. Tumalano e e beilweng monwana gareng ga dipuso tsa Lesotho le Aforika Borwa e ne ya simolodisa porojeke e. setlhopha se ne sa tlhamiwa go diragatsa porojeke. Tumalano e ne e felela mo legatong la ntlha le la bobedi fela.<ref>United Nations Environment Programme (2010). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=qjIPf84HHnsC&pg=PA11&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Africa Water Atlas''.] UNEP/Earthprint. pp. 11–. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-807-3110-1|<bdi>978-92-807-3110-1</bdi>.]]</ref> Lekgotla la Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority le ne la diragatsa go aga le go baakanya mo go okametsweng ke lekgotla la tlhabololo dithaba tsa Lesotho. <ref>[http://www.lhda.org.ls/lhwc/default.html "Welcome to the Lesotho Highlands Water Commission".] Lesotho Highlands Development Authority. Retrieved 11 June 2026</ref>Porojeke e ne e ikaelela go isa metsi a a kwa dithabeng tsa lefatshe kwa matamong a le mararo; a le mabedi mo legatong la ntlha (Legato A - Letamo la Katse, legato II - letamo la Mohale) le letamo la Polihali mo legato II. Kago ya legato la ntlha e feditswe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) ya bulwa semmuso ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003).<ref>[http://www.lhda.org.ls/lhwc/about.html "About LHWC".] Lesotho Highlands Development Authority.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180928225507/http://www.lhda.org.ls/phase2/index.php "The Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP): Project Description".] Lesotho Highlands Development Authority. Retrieved 11 June 2026</ref> == Tse di akareditsweng == [[Setshwantsho:Mohale Dam 2008.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Mohale]] Letamo la Mohale mo legatong la I B la LHWP, le agetswe go fetisa metsi a ka nna dimithara di le masome a supa ka sephatlo sa motsotso kwa sedibeng sa letamo la Katse. Phatalalatso ya metsi e fitlhelela letlhoko la kgaoo ya Gauteng e e akaretsang ditoropo tsa meepo le madirelo tsa Johannesburg le Pretoria.<ref name=":1" /> Metsi a a laolwang go tswa kwa sedibeng a bokete jwa dimithara di robabongwe ka sephatlo sa motsotso a a fetisiwang ka mosele wa lekgarapa dikhilomithara di le masome mararo le bobedi.<ref>[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=RzzVEg1hMwEC&pg=PA13&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Lesotho Highlands Water Project''.] Thomas Telford. 1997. pp. 13–. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7277-2621-6|<bdi>978-0-7277-2621-6</bdi>.]]</ref> Letamo la Mohale le kwa godimo, di mithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le botlhano go ya kwa godimo, go bolelwa fa e le letamo le le kwa godimo tahta go fetisa a mangwe mo Aforika. === Pabalesego === Dintlha tsa tikologo tsa letamo le di ne di sekasekilwe. == Metswedi == njojya8hnu3gx7sln8ec2bwrdm19npn 0 13543 50671 50503 2026-06-14T13:29:01Z MmaBaggio 11091 50671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Bongolo''' (le gape le kwalwang gotwe Bokolo) le kwa nokeng ya Komani, gaufi le Queenstown, kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. letamo le na le selekanyo sa dimithara di le didkadike di supa. Letamo la Bongolo, le dikhilomithara di le tlhano go tswa kwa toropong mo tseleng ya Dordrecht, ke lengwe la metswedi e metona ya metsi kwa Queenstown, tiriso ya lone e tona ke mo madirelong le mo go bo mmasepala.<ref>Londt, J.G.H. (July 2014). [https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-22/issue-2/003.022.0213/A-Revision-of-Millenarius-Londt-2005-with-Descriptions-of-Two/10.4001/003.022.0213.short "A Revision ofMillenariusLondt, 2005 with Descriptions of Two New Species from Southern Africa and the Transfer ofNeolophonotus dichaetusHull, 1967 to the Genus (Diptera: Asilidae)".] ''African Entomology''. '''22''' (2): 377–387. doi:[https://bioone.org/journals/african-entomology/volume-22/issue-2/003.022.0213/A-Revision-of-Millenarius-Londt-2005-with-Descriptions-of-Two/10.4001/003.022.0213.short 10.4001/003.022.0213]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1021-3589 1021-3589]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Revision-of-Millenarius-Londt%2C-2005-with-of-Two-Londt/22784bc70f32921d401dc0447668025bff7a025c 86718661.]</ref> Lebotana le simolotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le botlhano (1905), dingwaga di le dintsi e ntse e le lone letamo la lekgrapana le letona kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa.]] Tlholego ya leina Bongola e bakile dikgogakgogano, mme go dumelwa gore le tswa mo temeng ya [[Sethosa|se Xhosa]] lefoko le le rayang tonki, ka diphologolo tse di ne di dirisiwa thata mo kagong ya letamo. == Metswedi == 5aq0k7bx6okpdkf1ivdx2pu399sr7hg 0 13546 50670 50506 2026-06-14T13:27:40Z MmaBaggio 11091 50670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Impofu''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka lekragapana le mmu kwa nokeng ya Kromme gaufi le Humansdorp kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro ( 1983), tirisokgolo ya lone e le go nosa mmasepala le go dirisiwa mo madirelong. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo. == Lefelo == Letamo, gammogo le lefelo la go tlhatswa metsi la Elandsjagt le kwa tlase ga letamo la Kromme. Ditsela tsa N2 le R102 di kgabaganya bontlha jwa letamo jo bo mo bophirima. Tsela e e yang kwa leboteng la letamo ga e a siamela batsamaya ka dikoloi. == Ditso == Letamo le agilwe go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi (1972) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982). Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983), letamo le ne la dira go tlala ka diatla letlala mo malatsing a le mararo. == Ditekanyo == Sediba se seleele, se sesesane gape se boteng. Selekanyo sa sone ke sedikadike se le lekgolo le bosupa, metsi a dikhilomithara di le thataro, boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le botlhano le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le masome a supa le botlhano le boleele jwa dimithara di le makgolo a robabobedi. == Tiriso == Ke mostwedi mogolo wa metsi kwa Port Elizabeth, letamo le gape le thibela metsi a morwalela go tsaya masimo le matlo kwa lotshithsing le molomo wa noka. Sediba se itsege thata mo batshwareng ditlhapi. == Metswedi == 3cfzlrc0t5btxhr1iqzy6gd4vk4whgy 0 13557 50669 50517 2026-06-14T13:23:31Z MmaBaggio 11091 50669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Sol Plaatje''' (le pele le neng le bidiwa '''letamo la Saulspoort''') ke letamo le le agilweng ka mmu le le kwa bokopanong jwa dinoka tsa [[Noka ya As|As]] le [[Noka ya Liebenbergsvlei|Liebenbergsvlei]] gaufi le Bethlehem, kwa [[Foreistata|Free State]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi (1968) tiriso ya lone e tona e le mo ditirong tsa mmasepala le go isa metsi mo magaeng. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo. Sediba se amogela metsi go tswa kwa porojekeng ya metsi a dithaba ya kwa Lesotho go feta ka noka ya aS. Pele le ne le itsege e le letamo la Saulspoort, le ne la fetolwa leina ka Moranang a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete ste pedi le botlhano (2005),<ref>[https://archive.today/20140302085603/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=60794 Government Gazette, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, Vol. 478 Pretoria 1 April 2005 No. 27408] retrieved 12 June 2026</ref> e le segopotso sa tiragalo ya matlhotlhapelo ya base e e diragetseng koo maphakela a Motsheganong a rogwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro ( 2003), kwa bapalami ba le masome matlhano le motso ba ya mogwantong wa letsatsi la babebreki ba neng ba nwela. Babereki bao ba le masome mane le motso e ne e le babereki ba mmasepala wa Sol Plaatje ([[Kimberley]]).<ref>[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Drama-at-bus-tragedy-service-20030505 Drama at bus tragedy service] News24.com 5 May 2003 retrieved 12 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == n8ulvo5rfdr73f03c871f4ans58khrb 0 13567 50666 50527 2026-06-14T13:05:36Z MmaBaggio 11091 50666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Zaaihoek''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka lokgarapang kwa nokeng ya Slang kwa kgaolong ya [[KwaZulu-Natal]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Letamo le, le le selekanyo sa didikadike di le lekgolo masome a robabobedi le botlhano le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988). Letamo le tirisokgolo ya lone ke go isa metsi kwa madirelong le mo ditirong tsa mmasepala. Kgonagalo ya lone ya borai e kwa godimo. E dikhilomithara di le masome mararo le borobabongwe ka boleele.<ref>[https://za.geoview.info/zaaihoek_dam,82451432w "Zaaihoek Dam, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa".] ''za.geoview.info''. Retrieved 12 June 2026</ref> E itsege ka go tshwara ditlhapi. == Metswedi == qe5sl62ipcsumbm6rg7o46828wzivxb 0 13568 50688 50561 2026-06-15T05:24:54Z OtengPortia 12840 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50688 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Tanganyika<ref>Yohannes,Okbazghi (2008). Water resources and inter-riparian relations in the Nile basin. SUNY Press. p. 127.</ref> ke nngwe ya [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]].<ref>Burton, Richard Francis (1965). Richards, Charles (ed.). ''Burton and Lake Tanganyika''. Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180480726 180480726.]</ref> Ke [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_volume|letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi]],[[:en:List_of_lakes_by_depth|le ka boteng]], ka makgetho a mabedi le le latlhegelwa fela ke [[:en:Lake_Baikal|Lake Baikal]] kwa [[:en:Siberia|Siberia]].<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika"]. ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref>Lewis, R. (16 May 2010)[https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika . "Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika".] Brown University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051107/https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika Archived] from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.</ref> Le gape ke letsha le le telele go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika".] ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> Ka bogolo jwa lefelo, [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_area|ke la bo 6 mo lefatsheng]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655 "World's largest lakes | Description, Area, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Letsha leno le abelanwa ke dinaga di le nne: [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] le Zambia. Tanzania e na le karolo e kgolo ya letsha (mo e ka nnang 46%), mme Democratic Republic of the Congo e na le mo e ka nnang 40%. Letsha la Tanganyika le elela metsi a lona ka noka ya [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River]] go tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Noka ya Congo]], e e feleletsang e tshela kwa toropong ya [[:en:Banana,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Banana]] go tsena mo [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]].<ref>[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3587 "LAKE TANGANYIKA".] ''World Lake Database, International Lake Environment Committee Foundation''. Retrieved 12 January 2025.</ref> {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] ajsecys8ow322ce5mwvyupl9ixtnrad 50689 50688 2026-06-15T06:13:54Z OtengPortia 12840 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50689 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Tanganyika<ref>Yohannes,Okbazghi (2008). Water resources and inter-riparian relations in the Nile basin. SUNY Press. p. 127.</ref> ke nngwe ya [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]].<ref>Burton, Richard Francis (1965). Richards, Charles (ed.). ''Burton and Lake Tanganyika''. Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180480726 180480726.]</ref> Ke [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_volume|letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi]],[[:en:List_of_lakes_by_depth|le ka boteng]], ka makgetho a mabedi le le latlhegelwa fela ke [[:en:Lake_Baikal|Lake Baikal]] kwa [[:en:Siberia|Siberia]].<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika"]. ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref>Lewis, R. (16 May 2010)[https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika . "Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika".] Brown University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051107/https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika Archived] from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.</ref> Le gape ke letsha le le telele go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika".] ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> Ka bogolo jwa lefelo, [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_area|ke la bo 6 mo lefatsheng]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655 "World's largest lakes | Description, Area, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Letsha leno le abelanwa ke dinaga di le nne: [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] le Zambia. Tanzania e na le karolo e kgolo ya letsha (mo e ka nnang 46%), mme Democratic Republic of the Congo e na le mo e ka nnang 40%. Letsha la Tanganyika le elela metsi a lona ka noka ya [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River]] go tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Noka ya Congo]], e e feleletsang e tshela kwa toropong ya [[:en:Banana,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Banana]] go tsena mo [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]].<ref name=":0">[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3587 "LAKE TANGANYIKA".] ''World Lake Database, International Lake Environment Committee Foundation''. Retrieved 12 January 2025.</ref> '''Jeokorafi''' Lake Tanganyika ke [[:en:Ancient_lake|letsha la bogologolo thata]], mme ke lengwe la matsha a le masome a mabedi fela mo lefatsheng a a nang le dingwaga tse di fetang milione e le nngwe. Dikarolo tsa lone tse tharo tse dikgolo, tse mo dinakong tse metsi a neng a le kwa tlase thata di neng di le matsha a a ikemetseng ka nosi, tsotlhe di na le dingwaga tse di farologaneng. Karolo ya bogare e simolotse go bopiwa dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 9 go ya go 12 tse di fetileng. Karolo ya bokone e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 7 go ya go 8 tse di fetileng. fa karolo ya borwa e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 2 go ya go 4 tse di fetileng.<ref>Cohen; Soreghan; Scholz (1993). "Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system". ''Geology''. '''21''' (6): 511–514. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Geo....21..511C 1993Geo....21..511C.] doi:[https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281993%29021%3C0511%3AETAOFO%3E2.3.CO%3B2 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0511:ETAOFO>2.3.CO;2.]</ref> Gompieno, Letsha la Tanganyika le mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift,]] e leng lekala la bophirima la [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. Le dikologilwe ke dithaba tse di kwa matlhakoreng a mokgatšha wa phatlogo ya lefatshe. Ke letsha le legolo go feta tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Rift_lake|rift]] mo Afrika, mme ke la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi a a foreshe. Gape ke letsha le le boteng go feta tsotlhe mo Afrika le le tshwereng metsi a mantsi a a foreshe go feta tsotlhe mo kontineng ya Afrika. Le tshwere mo e ka nnang 16% ya metsi a a foreshe a lefatshe a a ka dirisiwang.Letsha leno le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 676 le anametse go tswa bokone go ya borwa ka bophara jwa palogare ya dikilometara di le 50. Le akaretsa lefelo la dikilometara tse di khubiki di le 32,000 ka lotshitshi lwa boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,900. Palogare ya boteng ke dimetara di le 572 fa boteng jo bogolo ke dimetara di le 1,471, jo bo fitlhelwang mo karolong ya bokone. Go akanyediwa gore letsha leno le tshwere metsi a ka nna 18,750 km³, e leng bongata jo bogolo thata jwa metsi a a foreshe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991110092358/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html "Datbase Summary: Lake Tanganyika"]. ''ilec.or.jp''. Japan: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Archived from [http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html the original] on 10 November 1999. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Tanganyika lena le [[:en:Drainage_basin|mokgatšha]] wa metsi o o ka nnang 231,000 km².Go na le dinoka tse dikgolo di le pedi tse di tsenang mo letsheng leno, mmogo le dinoka tse dinnye le melatswana e mentsi. Melatswana eno gantsi e khutshwane ka ntlha ya dithaba tse di kwa godimo le tse di matsutsuba tse di dikologileng letsha. Noka e le yosi e kgolo e e tswang mo letsheng ke [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River,]] e e elelang e tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River.]] Pula le mouoane di na le karolo e kgolo go feta dinoka mo tsamaisong ya metsi a letsha. Go akanyediwa gore bonyenyane 90% ya metsi a a tsenang a tswa mo puleng e e nelelang mo godimo ga letsha, mme bonyenyane 90% ya tahlegelo ya metsi e bakwa ke go mowa ga metsi ka tlhamalalo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O.]]; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> Noka e kgolo ke [[:en:Ruzizi_River|Ruzizi River]], e e bopilweng dingwaga di ka nna 10,000 tse di fetileng, e e tsenang mo bokone jwa letsha e tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]].<ref name=":2">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). ''Natural Wonders of the World''. US: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 366–67. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89577-087-5|<bdi>978-0-89577-087-5</bdi>.]]</ref> [[:en:Malagarasi_River|Malagarasi River]] ke noka ya bobedi ka bogolo mo Tanzania, mme e tsena mo letlhakoreng la botlhaba la letsha.<ref name=":2" /> Noka eno e kgologolo go feta letsha ka bolone, mme pele letsha le bopiwa, e ka bo e ne e le karolo ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya [[:en:Lualaba_River|Lualaba River]], e leng mothopo o mogolo wa Noka ya Congo River.<ref name=":1" /> Noka e kgolo e e tswang mo Zambia e bile e tsenang mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ke [[:en:Lufubu_River|Lufubu]] River. E tswa mo thoteng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha, e elela go ya kwa bokone-bophirima go ralala dithaba, morago ga moo e retologela go ya bokone-botlhaba go tsena mo letsheng gaufi le Nsumbu.<ref>[https://africageographic.com/stories/nsumbu-national-park/ "Nsumbu National Park"]. ''Africa Geographic''. Retrieved 3 June 2026.</ref> Lake Tanganyika e na le histori e e raraaneng ya diphetogo tsa tsela e metsi a elelang ka yone, ka ntlha ya boleele jo bogolo jwa yone, boteng jo bogolo, go tlala ga yone ka bonya, le lefelo la yone le le kwa dithabeng mo kgaolong e e nang le tiro e ntsi ya dithoromo tsa dithaba tse di tlhotlhogang le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete. Go bonala gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha leno ga le ise le ko le nne le phatlha e e tswang ka tlhamalalo go ya lewatleng. Ka ntlha ya seno, le tlhalosiwa jaaka [[:en:Endorheic|“endorheic ka bontsi”.]] Go kgokagana ga letsha le lewatle go ikaegile ka gore metsi a tshwanetse go nna kwa godimo thata mo a ka kgonang go elela go tswa mo letsheng ka Lukuga River go tsena mo tsamaisong ya Congo River.<ref name=":2" /> Fa metsi a sa elele, go tsenwa ga metsi mo Lukuga go gantsi go thibelwa ke mebala ya motlhaba le dimela tsa metsi tse dintsi. Ka nako eo, noka eno e ikaega mo dinokeng tsa yone tse dinnye, segolobogolo Niemba River, go tshegetsa go elela ga yone.<ref name=":1" /> Go simolola ka bo-1990, selekanyo sa metsi mo Lake Tanganyika se ne sa tlhatloga ka mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 2, se baka go rwala matlo le dikago tse di gaufi le lotshitshi.<ref>[https://worldwater.earth/water-surface-elevation-timeseries-reveals-the-rising-water-levels-in-lake-tanganyika "Water surface elevation timeseries reveals the rising water levels in Lake Tanganyika"]. ''WorldWater''. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref> Seno se bonagala thata mo toropong ya Nsumbu, gaufi le lotshitshi magareng ga jetty le molomo wa Chisala River, e ka nna dikilometara di le 2 go ya kwa bokone-bophirima. Magareng ga 2018 le 2024, metsi a ne a tsenelela mo teng ga toropo go fitlha mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 300 go tswa mo lotshitshing lwa 2018.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/search/Nsumbu/@-8.5164746,30.4729444,1517m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D "Nsumbu"]. ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://earth.google.com/web/@-8.51664622,30.47719045,771.76267068a,1405.28427165d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDE4LTExLTI2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA "Google Earth imagery showing Nsumbu settlement and shoreline, Zambia".] ''Google Earth - Use the historical slider to select past views''. Google Earth. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Go akanyediwa gape gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha le ka tswa le ne le na le ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tsena le go tswa ga metsi. Go akantshiwa gore metsi a ka tswa a ne a tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Rukwa|Lake Rukwa]] e e kwa godimo, kgotsa go ka tswa go ne go na le kgokagano le [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], mme le gone go kile ga akanyediwa tsela ya go tswa e e yang kwa Noka ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] River. Tsotlhe tseno di bontsha gore histori ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya letsha e fetogile gantsi mo dingwageng di le dimilione.<ref>Lévêque, Christian (1997). ''Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa''. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press.]] p. 110. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57033-6|<bdi>978-0-521-57033-6</bdi>.]]</ref> {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] j11podagukz4xkk0pjnh92j7vpe44w5 0 13593 50664 2026-06-14T12:07:05Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA AWASH 50664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Awash''' (e ka dinako tse dingwe e kwalwang Awaash; Oromo: Awaash or Hawaas, Amharic: ዐዋሽ, Afar: Hawaash We'ayot, Somali: Webiga Dir, Italian: Auasc) ke noka e kgolo ya [[Ethiopia]]. Tsela ya yone e tseneletse mo melelwaneng ya Ethiopia mme e felela mo letsheng la matsha a a golaganeng le a mangwe a a simololang kwa Letsheng la Gargori mme a felela kwa Letsheng la Abbe (kgotsa Abhe Bad) mo molelwaneng wa Djibouti, dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo (100) go tswa kwa tlhogong ya Kgogometso ya Tadjoura. Noka ya Awash ke noka e kgolo ya endoreic drainage basin e e akaretsang dikarolo tsa dikgaolo tsa Amhara, Oromia le Somalia, mmogo le halofo ya borwa jwa Kgaolo ya Afar. Noka ya Awash, e e akaretsang dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le masome a maedi le boraro (23), e akaretsa lesome (10%) ya kgaolo ya Ethiopia.<ref> [[doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038|Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Gantsi kgaolo eno e na le dipaka tse pedi tsa dipula, e leng paka e khutshwane e e nnang ka March (Belg), le e telele e e nnang ka June go ya go September (Kiremt), tse ka dinako tse dingwe di welang mo pakeng e le nngwe ya dipula. Phetogo ya tlelaemete e solofetswe go oketsa tlhaelo ya metsi ka dipaka tsotlhe le mo dikarolong tsa lekadiba, ka ntlha ya koketsego e e lebeletsweng ya themperetšha le go fokotsega ga pula.<ref> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [[doi:10.3390/w10111560|License]]</ref> Mokgatsha wa Noka ya Awash ke one o o tlhabologang thata, o o dirisiwang, o o sa dirisiweng sentle, o o amilweng, le o o nang le baagi ba le bantsi (ba ba fetang lesome le botlhano (15%) kgotsa ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le 18,6 go tswa go ba le dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120) mo Ethiopia (go tloga kangwaga wa 2021). <ref name=":0">Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023)[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497432 . "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues".] ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''. '''195''' (10): 1188.</ref>Go gola ka bonako ga temothuo, madirelo le go nna mo metsesetoropong mo teng ga lekadiba, mmogo le go gola ga palo ya batho go dira gore go nne le ditlhokego tse di oketsegang mo metsweding ya metsi ya lekadiba. Metswedi e megolo ya kgotlelo ya metsi mo mokgatšheng o o kwa godimo wa Awash e tswa mo matlakaleng a madirelo le a ditoropo, a a tswang mo temothuong (dibolayaditshenekegi, menontsha), le a a tswang mo matlakaleng. Madirelo a a kgotlelang mo lekadibeng a akaretsa madirelo a a dirang letlalo, madirelo a pente, mafelo a go tlhabela, madirelo a matsela, madirelo a bojalwa, madirelo a dino tse di tsididi, madirelo a sukiri, dikokelo, le madirelo a melemo.<ref name=":0" /> Mokgatšha wa Awash (segolo segolo wa Middle Awash) o tumile lefatshe ka bophara ka ntlha ya bontsi jwa hominin fossils, e e nayang temogo e e sa tshwaneng le epe ya tshimologo ya batho.<ref name=":1">[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/10 "Lower Valley of the Awash".] ''UNESCO World Heritage Site''. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref>"Lucy", e leng mongwe wa difosili tse di itsegeng thata tsa hominine ya bogologolo, o ne a ribololwa kwa tlase ga Mokgatšha wa Awash.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa yone jwa paleontology le anthropology, mokgatšha o o kwa tlase wa Awash o ne wa tsenngwa mo Lenaaneng la UNESCO la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref name=":1" /> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Noka ya Awash gaufi le Asaita (2015) Noka ya Awash, e e akaretsang dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le masome a mabedi le boraro (23), e akaretsa lesome ( 10%) ya kgaolo ya Ethiopia mme e na le lesome le bosupa (17%) ya baagi ba yone. Karolo ya yone e mo kgaolong e e bidiwang Main Ethiopian Rift. <ref name=":2">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038|"The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia".]] ''Ecological Economics''. '''146''': 621–632</ref>Noka ya Awash e boleele jwa dikilometara di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi (1200) (750 mi). <ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"] Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref>E simologa kwa Ethiopia kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le dikete tse tharo (3,000) (9,800 ft) mme e feta mo mafelong a le mmalwa pele e kopana le Letsha la Abbe kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano (250) (820 ft).<ref name=":3">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). [[doi:10.3390/su16125257|"Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use".]] ''Sustainability''. '''16''' (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A</ref>Noka ya Awash e kgaogantswe ka dikarolo di le tharo: e e kwa godimo, e e fa gare le e e kwa tlase.<ref name=":3" /> Noka ya Awash e elela kwa borwa jwa Thaba ya Warqe, kwa bophirima jwa Addis Ababa mo woreda ya Dendi, gaufi le toropo ya Ginchi, West Shewa Zone, Oromia. Morago ga go tsena kwa tlase ga Great Rift Valley, Awash e elela go ya kwa borwa go dikologa Thaba ya Zuqualla go ya kwa botlhaba go tswa foo go ya kwa bokone-botlhaba, pele e tsena mo Koka Reservoir. Fa ba le koo, metsi a dirisiwa go nosetsa masimo a mmidi wa sukiri. Kwa tlase ga noka eno, noka ya Awash e ralala toropo ya Adama le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Awash. E kopana le noka ya Germama (kgotsa Kasam) ka fa letlhakoreng la molema pele e retologela kwa bokone-botlhaba ka 11°0′N 40°30′E go fitlha kwa bokone ka lesome le bobedi (12°) pele e retologela kwa botlhaba go fitlha kwa letsheng la Gargori. Go na le dinoka, matsha, metswedi ya metsi a a bothitho le mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana mo Middle Awash Basin.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). [[doi:10.3390/su16125257|"Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use".]] ''Sustainability''. '''16''' (12): 5257.</ref> == Tlelaemete == Tlelaemete ya noka ya Awash e tlhotlhelediwa thata ke motsamao wa intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Ka nako ya fa e ya kwa bokone ka March/April le fa e boela kwa borwa, ITCZ e dira dipaka tse pedi tsa dipula, e khutshwane go dikologa March (Belg), le e telele go dikologa kgwedi ya Seetebosigo Lwetse (Kiremt), tse di welang mo setlheng se le sengwe sa dipula. Nako ya dipula e na le go nna ya dipula tse pedi go ya kwa botlhaba jwa Ethiopia mme e batla e le ya dipula tse di nosi go ya kwa bophirima jwa Ethiopia. Nako e e fa gare ga Diphalane le Mopitlwe ke paka ya komelelo, e e bidiwang Bega.<ref>Seleshi, Yilma; Zanke, Ulrich (2004-06-30). "Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia". ''International Journal of Climatology''. '''24''' (8): 973–983. Bibcode:2004IJCli..24..973S. doi:10.1002/joc.1052. ISSN 1097-0088.[https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjoc.1052]</ref>Go na le maemo a komelelo go ya kwa go a komelelo kwa Rift Valley. Go farologana le seo, mafelo a a kwa godimo a amogela pula e e fetang dimilimetara di le 1,600 mo dikgweding di ka nna thataro ka ngwaga.<ref name=":4">Knoche, Malte; Fischer, Christian; Pohl, Eric; Krause, Peter; Merz, Ralf (2014). "Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''519''': 2049–2066. Bibcode:2014JHyd..519.2049K. [[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003|doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003.]]</ref> == Go fetoga ga tlelaemete == Patlisiso e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2018 e ne ya batlisisa ka ditlamorago tsa go fetoga ga tlelaemete mo metsweding ya metsi mo mokgatšheng wa Awash. Ba ne ba dirisa mefuta e le meraro ya tlelaemete go tswa mo Kgato botlhano ( 5) ya Porojeke ya go Bapisa Mekgwa e e Kopanetsweng ya go Bapisa (CMIP5) le ya dinako tse tharo tsa mo isagweng (2006 ⁇ 2030, 2031 ⁇ 2055, le 2056 ⁇ 2080). Dikai tseno di ne tsa tlhophiwa go ya ka tsela e di neng di dira ka yone fa go ne go tsewa ditshwantsho tsa hisitori ya go na ga pula. Nako e e dirisitsweng go dira papiso eno e ne e le ka ngwaga wa 1981 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2005. Go nna teng ga metsi mo isagweng go ne ga fopholediwa jaaka pharologano fa gare ga pula le kgonagalo ya go tswafadiwa ga mowa go dirisiwa maemo a a tlhagisiwang ke tsela ya go nna teng ga metsi (RCP8.5). Ditshekatsheko tsa dipaka tse tharo tse di tlang di bontsha gore go tlhaela ga metsi go tla oketsega ka dipaka tsotlhe le mo dikarolong dingwe tsa lekadiba, ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga themperetšha le go fokotsega ga pula. Go fokotsega ga metsi go tlaa oketsa kgatelelo ya metsi mo sedibeng, go tshosetsa tshireletsego ya metsi mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng.<ref> [[doi:10.3390/w10111560|Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> == Thekenoloji ya metsi == Palogare (phanele e e ka fa molemeng) le koketsego ya phetogo (phanele e e ka fa mojeng) ya pula e e nang kgwedi le kgwedi go ya ka kgaolo ya botsamaisi mo mokgatšheng wa Awash (1979 -2015).<ref name=":1" /> Pula, komelelo le merwalela Pula e farologana thata mo lekadibeng go tswa ngwageng o mongwe go ya go o mongwe (seno se bidiwa go farologana go gogolo ga ngwaga le ngwaga). Go tlhaela ga metsi mo setlheng se se omeletseng go lemogilwe jaaka kgwetlho mo ditirong tse di farologaneng jaaka nosetso le tlamelo ya metsi a selegae ke Awash Basin Authority. <ref name=":2" />Le fa go ntse jalo, merwalela e diragala gantsi ka nako ya dipula ka Phukwi le Phatwe .<ref>Taye, M.T., Haile, A.T., Dessalegn, M., Nigussie, L., Bekele, T.W., Nicol, A., Dyer, E. & Tekleab, S. 2024. [https://reachwater.uk/resource/policy-and-practice-recommendations-on-flood-risk-management-in-the-awash-basin/ Policy and practice recommendations on flood risk management in the Awash basin]. REACH Discussion brief.</ref> Mofuta wa merwalela o farologane go ya ka bogodimo, bogare le kwa tlase ga lekadiba la Awash.[ Dipatlisiso di fitlhetse gore "mofuta le bogolo jwa merwalela mo Mokgatšheng wa Awash bo farologana thata go bontsha thutafatshe e e raraaneng ya mokgatšha". <ref name=":4" />: 7 Sekao, mo mafelong a ditoropo, merwalela ya tshoganyetso le go khurumela ga dinoka go a itsege. [ tshupiso e e tlhokegang ] Go gola ka bonako ga temothuo, madirelo le go nna mo metsesetoropong mo mokgatšheng wa Awash, mmogo le go oketsega ga palo ya batho go dira gore go nne le ditlhokego tse di ntseng di oketsega mo metsweding ya metsi a mokgatšha ono. Mokgatsha o itsege ka go fetofetoga ga tlelaemete go go tseneletseng go go akaretsang komelelo le merwalela, mme phetogo ya tlelaemete e ka nna ya oketsa dikgwetlho tse di leng teng. Maano a nako e e tlang a tsamaiso ya metsi a tshwanetse go akaretsa makala otlhe le go ela tlhoko tekatekano ya badirisi ba ba farologaneng. 5] Go ile ga batlisisiwa ka dikgato tsa go ipaakanyetsa merwalela mme nngwe ya dikakantsho ke go dirisa "thulaganyo ya tiriso ya lefatshe e e ikaegileng ka merwalela mo go akanyeng ga yone le mo mokgweng wa yone wa go dira dilo [...]. Se se raya go tlhaola (le go sireletsa) mafelo a a nang le merwalela gaufi le mafelo a go agilweng mo go one le go tlhaola mafelo a a ka letlelelwang go nna le merwalela go monya ditlamorago tsa ditiragalo tse di feteletseng". 12]: 41 == Metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe == Metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a a tlalelang a farologana magareng ga boleng jo bo fetang 350 millimetres (14 in) ka ngwaga kwa dithabeng tse di kwa godimo mme ga go na go tlaleletsa kwa tlase ga mokgatšha wa mogogoro. 10][13] Metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a tlaleleditswe thata kwa mekgokoloseng le kwa dithabeng tse di kwa godimo ga 1,900 m a.s.l.,<ref name=":5">Ayenew, Tenalem; Demlie, Molla; Wohnlich, Stefan (2008). "Hydrogeological framework and occurrence of groundwater in the Ethiopian aquifers". ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''52''' (3): 97–113. Bibcode:2008JAfES..52...97A. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.022|10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.06.006.]]</ref>koo pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e leng kwa godimo ga 1,000 millimetres (39 in).<ref name=":5" />Go solofetswe gape gore go tla nna le kgaso e nnye e e dirwang mo matlhakoreng a makgwamolelo a mogogoro wa lekgwamolelo.[ Go tlatsa gape metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe go dirwa gape kwa masimong a a nosediwang kwa Rift Valley.<ref name=":5" />Recharge go tswa mo dinokeng tse di latlhegileng le ka go tsenelela go tswa mo matsheng go na le seabe mo Main Ethiopian Rift le kwa borwa jwa Afar. Mokgatšha wa Awash ke lefelo le le nang le baagi ba le bantsi le le nang le madirelo a mantsi koo dikgwebo di le dintsi di ikaegileng ka metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe gore di kgone go dira. Ka jalo, bontsi jwa maiteko a tlhabololo ya batho mo sedibeng a tla tswelela go ikaega thata ka selekano le boleng jwa metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe.<ref name=":6">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). [[doi:10.3390/su16125257|"Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use".]] ''Sustainability''. '''16''' (12): 525</ref>Tlhokomelo ya metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe e tlhoka dikgato tse di tserweng ka ntlha ya dikgwetlho tsa lefatshe tse di bakiwang ke go oketsega ka bonako ga palo ya batho, go dirwa ga ditoropo, go fetoga ga tlelaemete le ditiro tse di farologaneng tsa batho.<ref name=":6" /> == Tikologo == Bontsi jwa lekadiba la Awash ke karolo ya kgaolo ya dikgwa tsa dithaba tsa Ethiopia. Kwa mafelong a a kwa godimo, go na le bojang le dikgwa tsa dithaba tsa Ethiopia le mafelo a a nang le bojang a dithaba tsa Ethiopia. Kgaolo e e nang le ditlhare tsa ditlhare tsa Somali Acacia ⁇ Commiphora e na le bogodimo jo bo kwa tlase kwa Rift.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287758543 "The ecozones of the world. The ecological division of the geosphere".] ''ResearchGate''. Retrieved 2017-10-21</ref> Dimela tsa mogogoro di na le thotloetso e e maatla ya batho.<ref>Knoche, Malte; Fischer, Christian; Pohl, Eric; Krause, Peter; Merz, Ralf (2014). "Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''519''': 2049–2066. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JHyd..519.2049K Bibcode:2014JHyd..519.2049K.] doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003.</ref>Mo karolong yotlhe ya bogodimo le bogare jwa mokgatšha wa Awash, go sa ntse go bonala sentle masalela a mefuta e e farologaneng ya di-savanna. Di farologana go tswa go di-savanna tsa mebitlwa kwa tlase, ditlhatshana, bojang le di-savanna tse di bulegileng tse di kwa godimo ga 800 m le di-savanna tse di nang le ditlhare mo dithabeng le kwa dithabeng.<ref>Knoche, M. (2011). ''Hydrological Modelling of the Upper Awash Catchment (Main Ethiopian Rift)'' (Masters thesis). Freiberg, Germany: Technische Universität Freiberg.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awash_River#cite_note-:1-16]</ref> == Diphologolo == Mokgatšha o o kwa tlase wa Awash ke mongwe wa mafelo a bofelo a diphologolo tsa naga di sireleditsweng mo go one a tonki ya naga ya Afrika. Namagadi eno ga e sa tlhole e le teng kwa Yangudi Rassa National Park, mme e sa ntse e fitlhelwa kwa Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve e e bapileng le yone. Diphologolo tse dingwe tse dikgolo tse di tlholegang mo lefelong leno di akaretsa Beisa Oryx, Soemmering's gazelle, Dorcas gazelle, gerenuk le Grevy's zebra.<ref>Moehlman, P.D.; Kebede, F.; Yohannes, H. (2015). [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|"''Equus africanus''". ''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2015''' e.T7949A45170994. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7949A45170994.en. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> Dikhukhwane le tsone di nna mo nokeng. == Metswedi == 36b50yire6v7x0e9cdgy8tjtg73klgv 0 13594 50665 2026-06-14T12:56:37Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETSHA LA ANOSY 50665 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Anosy [anˈuːsi] (French: Lac Anosy) ke letsha la maitirelo le le mo karolong ya borwa jwa motsemogolo wa Madagascar, Antananarivo, dikilometara di ka nna pedi kwa borwa jwa Haute-Ville.<ref name=":0">[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/madagascar/antananarivo/sights/1000570204 Lonely Planet]</ref>Ampefiloha e kwa bophirima jwa letsha, Isoraka e kwa bokonebophirima mme Mahamasina e kwa bokone. Fa go ne go busa Radama I, go ne ga tlhongwa letsha la Anosy mo boemong jwa seretse. Letsha leno le ne la agiwa ke James Cameron yo o neng a le dira gore le nne le sebopego sa pelo. Mo gare ga letsha leno, go na le setlhaketlhake se se golagantsweng le toropo eno ka noka. Mo setlhaketlhakeng go na le segopodiso se se agilweng ke Mafora go ba ba wetseng mo ntweng ya ntlha ya lefatshe, Monument aux Morts<ref>[http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/23377/ virtualglobetrotting.com]</ref><ref name=":0" /> e e dirilweng ke mmetli Barberis le moagi Perrin ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robaongwe le masome a mabedi le bosupa (1927).Mo motlheng wa ga Radama I go ne go na le madirelo a dithunya mo setlhaketlhakeng seno. Moragonyana go ne ga agiwa bonno jwa selemo jwa ga Kgosigadi [[Ranavalona I.]] Fa thoko ga letsha go na le ditlhare tsa [[jacaranda]] tse di thunyang ka kgwedi ya Lwetse le Ngwanatsele. Dikhudu tse ditona di ne di tle di ikhutse fa thoko ga letsha. Mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa, go na le mafelo a go beola moriri. <ref name=":0" />Ka letsatsi la boipuso la bosetšhaba,kgwed ya Seetebosigo ele masome a mabedi le boratatro , go rulaganngwa moletlo wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa go thuntsha molelo mo letsheng.<ref>[http://virtualglobetrotting.com/map/23377/ virtualglobetrotting.com]</ref> == Metswedi == ldv1j34e5t9sm5kwys2yes1mbeamyuj 0 13595 50667 2026-06-14T13:12:57Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 50667 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaneshie Storm Drain ke porojeke e kgolo ya go laola merwalela e e fitlhelwang kwa [[:en:Kaneshie|Kaneshie]], lefelo la kgwebo le la dipalangwa mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Greater_Accra_Region|Greater Accra]] mo Ghana.<ref name=":0">"World Bank Supports Ghana to Improve Flood Resilience for 2.5 Million People". World Bank. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> Ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya porojeke ya Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development (GARID), e e leng maiteko a a farologaneng a a tshegeditsweng ka madi ke ba [[:en:World_Bank_Group|Banka ya Lefatshe.]]<ref name=":0" /> Boikaelelo jwa yone jwa konokono ke go fokotsa merwalela e e masisi e e sa feleng e ileng ya kgoreletsa [[:en:Kaneshie_market|mmaraka wa Kaneshie]], e e leng nngwe ya tse dikgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo toropong eno, le [[:en:Road_network|ditsela tse di e dikologileng]].<ref>GNA (2023-05-18). "Sanitation Minister visits communities under GARID Project". Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref><ref name=":1">GNA (2024-05-21). "Finance Ministry announces Parliament's approval of US$150 million for flood control". Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref><ref>"Approval of Additional Financing for the GARID Project | Ministry of Finance | Ghana". mofep.gov.gh. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref><ref name=":2">"World Bank Supports Ghana to Improve Flood Resilience for 2.5 million People". World Bank. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> == Se se Diragetseng == Toropo e Kgolo ya Accra e na le [[:en:Flood|merwalela]] e e sa feleng, e e bakang tshenyo e kgolo ya itsholelo le go [[:en:Loss_of_Life|latlhegelwa ke matshelo]]. Lefelo la Kaneshie, le le mo gare ga kgaolo e e nang le ditoropo tse dintsi ya Noka ya Odaw, le lemogilwe e le lefelo le le kotsi le le ka nnang la nna le merwalela. Go itlhaganelela go nna mo ditoropong, go sa [[:en:Waste_management_law|laolwe sentle ga matlakala]] le go tsenelela ga dikago mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa tlholego go fokoditse thata kgono ya go gelela metsi. Tokomane ya motheo ya porojeke ya Banka ya Lefatshe e tlhomamisa gore "go sa nne teng ga mafaratlhatlha a a lekaneng a kgelelo ya metsi mo mafelong a a botlhokwa a a jaaka Kaneshie" go felela ka gore go nne le merwalela e megolo e e tlang gangwe le gape, e leng se se dirang gore porojeke eno e tsewe e le botlhokwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Go e tlhama le go e aga == Mogogoro wa pula wa Kaneshie o wela ka fa tlase ga Karolo ya bobedi (Tsamaiso ya Kotsi ya Merwalela le Kgogolego) ya Porojeke ya GARID.<ref name=":3">"Development Projects : Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development Project - P164330". World Bank. Retrieved 2026-05-30</ref> Tiro eno e ne e akaretsa go tlosa dikago tse di neng di tsenelela mo lefelong leno le go aga [[:en:Channel|mosele]] o mosha wa konkoreite o o kgonang go tsamaya ka lobelo lo logolo. Mosele o o diretswe go gelela [[:en:Stormwater|metsi a pula]] a a tswang mo mmarakeng le mo tseleng e kgolo ya Kaneshie-Mallam e e tlhanaselang thata le go a fetisetsa ka pabalesego mo moseleng o mogolo wa Odaw. Ka Phukwi ngwaga wa 2023, moenjenere wa konteraka o ne a bega gore tiro ya go kgelela metsi a Kaneshie e ne e "feditswe ka diperesente di le masome a supa" le gore fa e sena go wediwa, kgelelo eno e ne e tla fedisa morwalela o o maswe o o kileng wa khurumetsa mmaraka le lefelo le le bapileng le one la dilori.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Tlamelo ya madi le tsamaiso == Porojeke e tshegediwa ka madi a a tswang ko lekalaneng la International Development Association (IDA) ya Banka ya Lefatshe, kwa tshimologong e ne ya amogelwa ka madi a a kana ka didolara tsa kwa Amerika tse dileng dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2019. Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2024, Boto ya Banka ya Lefatshe e ne ya amogela madi a mangwe gape a le dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano tsa didolara tsa Amerika go oketsa ditiro tsa porojeke ya go lwantsha merwalela, go solegela tiro e e tsweletseng pele ya go phepafatsa mesele e e botlhokwa jaaka e e kwa Kaneshie molemo ka tlhamalalo.<ref>"Parliament approves $150m GARID funds". Graphic Online. 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> Porojeke eno e tsamaisiwa ke [[:en:Ministry_of_Works_and_Housing_(Ghana)|Lephata la Ditiro tsa Puso le la Kago ya Matlo]] ka Setlhopha sa Thulaganyo ya Porojeke ya GARID. '''Ditlamorago tsa loago le ditsela tsa go di sireletsa''' [[:en:Drain|Mosele]] o o sireletsa ka tlhamalalo [[:en:Livelihood|matshelo]] a diketekete tsa bagwebi ba ba rekisang kwa Marekisetsong a Kaneshie le diketekete tsa batho ba ba tsayang loeto letsatsi le letsatsi ba ba fetang mo [[:en:Area|lefelong leno]]. Jaaka karolo ya go sireletsa loago mo porojekeng, go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong Leano la Tiragatso ya go Tshabela Batho (RAP) go duela le go thusa batho ba ba fudugileng ka ntlha ya go phepafadiwa ga lefelo le le nang le metsi. Maitlamo a a kgethegileng a go laola dikotsi tseno tsa loago a tlhalosiwa ka botlalo mo Leanong la Maitlamo a [[:en:Environmental_and_social_impact_statements|Tikologo le a Loago]] (ESCP) la porojeke, e leng tumalano ya semolao e e bonwang ke botlhe magareng ga [[:en:Government_of_Ghana|Puso ya]] [[:en:Government_of_Ghana|Ghana]] le Banka ya Lefatshe.<ref name=":2" /> '''Dikgwetlho''' Go diragatsa porojeke e kgolo ya mafaratlhatlha mo mmarakeng o o nang le batho ba le bantsi mo [[:en:Urban_area|ditoropong]] go ne ga tlisa dikgwetlho. Go ntsha batho ba ba neng ba tsenelela mo lefelong leo go ne go tlhoka gore batho ba le bantsi ba nne le seabe mo go lone le gore go duelwe dituelo ka nako e e tshwanetseng, jaaka go bontshitswe mo dipegong tse di bontshang gore porojeke e tsweletse jang.<ref>GNA (2023-07-17). "Ga East Municipal Assembly begins implementation of GARID project with stakeholder engagement". Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> Pampiri dikgang ya [[:en:Ghana_News_Agency|Ghana News Agency]] e ne ya bega ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2023 gore porojeke e ne e ntse e kgaratlhela go wetsa melapo e megolo ya metsi kwa [[:en:End|bokhutlong]] jwa [[:en:Year|ngwaga]], e dumela gore go na le tekatekano magareng ga [[:en:Engineering_workshop|tiro ya boenjenere]] le go fudusiwa ga batho.<ref name=":3" /> mw6h22lc9dwa35tvwm93ml14ji013if 50668 50667 2026-06-14T13:20:37Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 50668 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaneshie Storm Drain ke porojeke e kgolo ya go laola merwalela e e fitlhelwang kwa [[:en:Kaneshie|Kaneshie]], lefelo la kgwebo le la dipalangwa mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Greater_Accra_Region|Greater Accra]] mo Ghana.<ref name=":0">[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/05/29/world-bank-supports-ghana-to-improve-flood-resilience-for-25-million-people "World Bank Supports Ghana to Improve Flood Resilience for 2.5 Million People"]. World Bank. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> Ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya porojeke ya Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development (GARID), e e leng maiteko a a farologaneng a a tshegeditsweng ka madi ke ba [[:en:World_Bank_Group|Banka ya Lefatshe.]]<ref name=":0" /> Boikaelelo jwa yone jwa konokono ke go fokotsa merwalela e e masisi e e sa feleng e ileng ya kgoreletsa [[:en:Kaneshie_market|mmaraka wa Kaneshie]], e e leng nngwe ya tse dikgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo toropong eno, le [[:en:Road_network|ditsela tse di e dikologileng]].<ref>GNA (2023-05-18). [https://gna.org.gh/2023/05/sanitation-minister-visits-communities-under-garid-project/ "Sanitation Minister visits communities under GARID Project"]. Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref><ref name=":1">GNA (2024-05-21). [https://gna.org.gh/2024/05/finance-ministry-announces-parliaments-approval-of-us150-million-for-flood-control/ "Finance Ministry announces Parliament's approval of US$150 million for flood control"]. Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref><ref>[https://mofep.gov.gh/news-and-events/2024-05-22/approval-of-additional-financing-for-the-garid-project? "Approval of Additional Financing for the GARID Project | Ministry of Finance | Ghana"]. mofep.gov.gh. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/05/25/world-bank-supports-ghana-to-improve-flood-resilience-for-2-5-million-people "World Bank Supports Ghana to Improve Flood Resilience for 2.5 million People"]. World Bank. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> == Se se Diragetseng == Toropo e Kgolo ya Accra e na le [[:en:Flood|merwalela]] e e sa feleng, e e bakang tshenyo e kgolo ya itsholelo le go [[:en:Loss_of_Life|latlhegelwa ke matshelo]]. Lefelo la Kaneshie, le le mo gare ga kgaolo e e nang le ditoropo tse dintsi ya Noka ya Odaw, le lemogilwe e le lefelo le le kotsi le le ka nnang la nna le merwalela. Go itlhaganelela go nna mo ditoropong, go sa [[:en:Waste_management_law|laolwe sentle ga matlakala]] le go tsenelela ga dikago mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa tlholego go fokoditse thata kgono ya go gelela metsi. Tokomane ya motheo ya porojeke ya Banka ya Lefatshe e tlhomamisa gore "go sa nne teng ga mafaratlhatlha a a lekaneng a kgelelo ya metsi mo mafelong a a botlhokwa a a jaaka Kaneshie" go felela ka gore go nne le merwalela e megolo e e tlang gangwe le gape, e leng se se dirang gore porojeke eno e tsewe e le botlhokwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Go e tlhama le go e aga == Mogogoro wa pula wa Kaneshie o wela ka fa tlase ga Karolo ya bobedi (Tsamaiso ya Kotsi ya Merwalela le Kgogolego) ya Porojeke ya GARID.<ref name=":3">[https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P164330 "Development Projects : Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development Project - P164330"]. World Bank. Retrieved 2026-05-30</ref> Tiro eno e ne e akaretsa go tlosa dikago tse di neng di tsenelela mo lefelong leno le go aga [[:en:Channel|mosele]] o mosha wa konkoreite o o kgonang go tsamaya ka lobelo lo logolo. Mosele o o diretswe go gelela [[:en:Stormwater|metsi a pula]] a a tswang mo mmarakeng le mo tseleng e kgolo ya Kaneshie-Mallam e e tlhanaselang thata le go a fetisetsa ka pabalesego mo moseleng o mogolo wa Odaw. Ka Phukwi ngwaga wa 2023, moenjenere wa konteraka o ne a bega gore tiro ya go kgelela metsi a Kaneshie e ne e "feditswe ka diperesente di le masome a supa" le gore fa e sena go wediwa, kgelelo eno e ne e tla fedisa morwalela o o maswe o o kileng wa khurumetsa mmaraka le lefelo le le bapileng le one la dilori.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Tlamelo ya madi le tsamaiso == Porojeke e tshegediwa ka madi a a tswang ko lekalaneng la International Development Association (IDA) ya Banka ya Lefatshe, kwa tshimologong e ne ya amogelwa ka madi a a kana ka didolara tsa kwa Amerika tse dileng dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2019. Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2024, Boto ya Banka ya Lefatshe e ne ya amogela madi a mangwe gape a le dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano tsa didolara tsa Amerika go oketsa ditiro tsa porojeke ya go lwantsha merwalela, go solegela tiro e e tsweletseng pele ya go phepafatsa mesele e e botlhokwa jaaka e e kwa Kaneshie molemo ka tlhamalalo.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-parliament-approves-150m-garid-funds.html "Parliament approves $150m GARID funds"]. Graphic Online. 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> Porojeke eno e tsamaisiwa ke [[:en:Ministry_of_Works_and_Housing_(Ghana)|Lephata la Ditiro tsa Puso le la Kago ya Matlo]] ka Setlhopha sa Thulaganyo ya Porojeke ya GARID. '''Ditlamorago tsa loago le ditsela tsa go di sireletsa''' [[:en:Drain|Mosele]] o o sireletsa ka tlhamalalo [[:en:Livelihood|matshelo]] a diketekete tsa bagwebi ba ba rekisang kwa Marekisetsong a Kaneshie le diketekete tsa batho ba ba tsayang loeto letsatsi le letsatsi ba ba fetang mo [[:en:Area|lefelong leno]]. Jaaka karolo ya go sireletsa loago mo porojekeng, go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong Leano la Tiragatso ya go Tshabela Batho (RAP) go duela le go thusa batho ba ba fudugileng ka ntlha ya go phepafadiwa ga lefelo le le nang le metsi. Maitlamo a a kgethegileng a go laola dikotsi tseno tsa loago a tlhalosiwa ka botlalo mo Leanong la Maitlamo a [[:en:Environmental_and_social_impact_statements|Tikologo le a Loago]] (ESCP) la porojeke, e leng tumalano ya semolao e e bonwang ke botlhe magareng ga [[:en:Government_of_Ghana|Puso ya]] [[:en:Government_of_Ghana|Ghana]] le Banka ya Lefatshe.<ref name=":2" /> '''Dikgwetlho''' Go diragatsa porojeke e kgolo ya mafaratlhatlha mo mmarakeng o o nang le batho ba le bantsi mo [[:en:Urban_area|ditoropong]] go ne ga tlisa dikgwetlho. Go ntsha batho ba ba neng ba tsenelela mo lefelong leo go ne go tlhoka gore batho ba le bantsi ba nne le seabe mo go lone le gore go duelwe dituelo ka nako e e tshwanetseng, jaaka go bontshitswe mo dipegong tse di bontshang gore porojeke e tsweletse jang.<ref>GNA (2023-07-17). [https://gna.org.gh/2023/07/ga-east-municipal-assembly-begins-implementation-of-garid-project-with-stakeholder-engagement/ "Ga East Municipal Assembly begins implementation of GARID project with stakeholder engagement"]. Ghana News Agency. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref> Pampiri dikgang ya [[:en:Ghana_News_Agency|Ghana News Agency]] e ne ya bega ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2023 gore porojeke e ne e ntse e kgaratlhela go wetsa melapo e megolo ya metsi kwa [[:en:End|bokhutlong]] jwa [[:en:Year|ngwaga]], e dumela gore go na le tekatekano magareng ga [[:en:Engineering_workshop|tiro ya boenjenere]] le go fudusiwa ga batho.<ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == tbme2rnevy6rfzp12fzlpv2bw53g1sd 0 13596 50681 2026-06-14T14:41:57Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETSHA LA IHOTRY 50681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Ihotry NASA.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Ihotry]] '''Letsha la Ihotry''' ke letsha la bobedi le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo [[Madagascar]].<ref>[http://www.travelomadagascar.com/places-to-visit/lake-ihotry/#.XqEY6S-w1Z0 "Lake Ihotry | Book Lake Ihotry Tour Packages - Travelomadagascar".]</ref>Ke letsha le le tswetsweng le le nang le letswai le le mo karolong e e omileng ya borwabophirima jwa Madagascar mo kgaolong ya Atsimo-Andrefana. Bogolo jwa yone bo farologana go ya ka dipaka, go tloga go 96 km2 go ya go 112 km2. == Ditsela == E ka fitlhelelwa ke RN9 go tswa kwa Toliara (Tulear) go ya kwa Mandabe. == Metswedi == 250szqvopsv6jmjretakyvxt7616cdm 0 13597 50682 2026-06-14T14:55:34Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Itasy 50682 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Itasy lake.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Itasy]] '''Letsha la Itasy''' le le itsegeng gape jaaka Itasianaka ke letsha le le mo bogareng jwa Madagascar. E kwa kgaolong ya Itasy. E mo go bommasepala ba Ampefy, [[Soavinandriana, Manazary le Analavory.]] <ref>[https://www.ctc-n.org/sites/www.ctc-n.org/files/2021-04/7bis.%20Atlas-cartographique_3.pdf Lac Itasy]</ref> Letsha la Itasy le bogolo jwa diheketara di le 3.500. Ke letsha la bone le legolo mo Madagascar, morago ga matsha a [[Alaotra]], [[Kinkony]], le [[Ihotry]].<ref name=":0">Battistini, R., Richard-Vindard, G. (eds) (1972) ''Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar''. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht[[doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7159-3_5|. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7159-3_5]]</ref> Letsha le na le boteng jwa dimetara di le nne (13 ft), mme le fitlha go dimetara di le 10 (33 ft) boteng. Selekanyo sa metsi se a farologana go ya ka dipaka. Go na le mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana mo karolong e e kwa borwa le e e kwa botlhaba jwa letsha leno. <ref name=":1">BirdLife International (2023) [http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-itasy-iba-madagascar%7CImportant Bird Areas factsheet: Lake Itasy.] Accessed 16 January 2023.</ref> Letsha la Itasy le kwa botlhaba jwa lefelo la lekgwamolelo la Itasy. <ref>[https://volcano.si.edu/gallery/ShowImage.cfm?photo=GVP-11474 "Global Volcanism Program Image GVP-11474".] Retrieved 2025-05-28.</ref>Go thunya ga lekgwamolelo mo kgaolong eno go sa tswa go simologa bosheng jaana, mme letsha leno le ne la bopega fa seretse sa lekgwamolelo se ne se thiba noka, se dira letsha kafa morago ga yone. Lefelo le le dikologileng letsha leno le apesitswe ke dikhukhu tsa Strombolian scoria le dikgolokwe tsa trachyte. Lefelo la lekgwamolelo le le dikologileng letsha le na le matsha a le mantsi a mannye (maars) le dithota tsa peat. <ref name=":0" /> Dinoka tsa Andranomena le Mariandrano di elela mo letsheng go tswa kwa botlhaba. <ref name=":1" />Noka ya Lily ke e e elelang kwa ntle ga letsha, e elela go ya kwa bophirima go tswa kwa sekhutlong sa bokone bophirima jwa letsha. Noka ya Lily ke nngwe ya melatswana ya Noka ya Sakay, e e leng nngwe ya melatswana ya Noka ya Tsiribihina. Tsiribihina e elela go ya kwa bophirima go ya go tsena mo Mozambique Channel.<ref name=":0" /> == Dimela le diphologolo == Go na le ditlhatshana tsa lotlhaka go bapa le dintshi tsa letsha leno, tse bontsi jwa tsone e leng mefuta ya ditlhatshana tsa Phragmites le Cyperus, tse di golelang kwa godimo ka dimetara di le pedi. Gape go na le matlhare a a kokobalang a non-native water-hyacinth Eichhornia.<ref name=":1" /> Go lemogilwe mefuta e le masome a mane le bone ya dinonyane mo letsheng leno, go akaretsa le mefuta e le lesome e e fitlhelwang fela mo Madagascar. Dinonyane tse di tlholegang koo di akaretsa Meller's duck (Anas melleri), Madagascar grebe (Tachybaptus pelzelnii), Madagascar flufftail (Sarothrura insularis), Madagascar pond heron (Ardeola idae), Madagascar snipe (Gallinago macrodactyla), le Madagascar marsh harrier (Circus macrosceles). Letsha leno le tlhophilwe go nna lefelo le le botlhokwa la dinonyane. <ref name=":1" /> Tikologo ya letsha leno le dinoka tse di tsamaisanang le lone di ile tsa fetolwa ke kgotlelo, kgogolego le go khurumediwa ga mmu, go senngwa ga mafelo a di nnang mo go one le go tsenngwa ga mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi. Tlhapi ya selegae ya Ptychochromoides itasy, e e bonweng la bofelo mo letsheng leno ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970), e ne e tsewa e nyeletse go fitlha go bonwa palo ya yone mo Nokeng ya Sakay. <ref>Ravelomanana, T. & Sparks, J.S. 2020. ''Ptychochromoides itasy'' (amended version of 2016 assessment). [[:en:IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species|The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020]]: e.T44513A177066939. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44513A177066939.en. Accessed 17 January 2023.</ref> == Mestwedi == aq09quxkdhuc9jwgk710akkfrmgfu7t 0 13598 50683 2026-06-14T15:01:37Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Lily 50683 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Chute de la Lili.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Lilly]] '''Noka ya Lily''' ke noka e e mo bogareng jwa [[Madagascar]]. Ke noka e kgolo e e tswang mo Letsheng la Itasy, mme e elela kwa bokone bophirima go kopana le [[Noka ya Sakay]], e e leng nngwe ya dinoka tse di tsenang mo Tsiribihina. <ref>Battistini, R., Richard-Vindard, G. (eds) (1972) ''Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar''. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7159-3_5</ref> Karolo e e kwa godimo ya noka eno e mo Kgaolong ya Itasy. Karolo e e kwa tlase ya noka eno e dira molelwane fa gare ga Kgaolo ya Itasy kwa bokone le Kgaolo ya Bongolava kwa borwa. == Metswedi == lf90h5xr7qynrh26yeibvujr0bfpmw3 0 13599 50684 2026-06-14T15:17:18Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Tsiribihina 50684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tsiribihina'''<ref>Andrew, David; Blond, Becca; Parkinson, Tom; Anderson, Aaron (2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=UMq-2xYmCwQC&pg=PA149 Madagascar & Comoros 6]''. Lonely Planet. p. 149. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-608-3|978-1-74104-608-3]]</bdi>. Retrieved 8 January 2013.</ref>ke noka ya bophirima jwa [[Madagascar|Madagascar.]] Dinoka tse dikgolo tse di elelang mo go yone ke Mahajilo, Manandaza, Mania le Sakeny. Mosima wa yone o na le bogolo jwa 49,800 km2. 7,025 km2 e mo mosimeng wa Noka ya Sakeny, 14,500 km2 mo go wa Noka ya Mahajilo, le 18,565 km2 mo go wa Noka ya Mania. <ref name=":0">Aldegheri, M. (1972). Rivers and Streams on Madagascar. In: Battistini, R., Richard-Vindard, G. (eds) ''Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar''. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7159-3_8</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Tsiribihina 03.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Tsiribihina]] Metswedi ya metsi ano e kwa Dithabeng Tsa Bogare tsa Madagascar. Melatswana ya yone e e elelang kwa ntlheng ya bophirima, kwantle ga Sakeny, e e elelang kwa ntlheng ya bokone. Fa dinoka tseno di tswa mo dithabeng di bo di tsena mo karolong e e kwa bokone ya Betsiriry Plain, di kopana go nna Tsiribihina - e leng Mahajilo le Manandaza go tswa kwa bokone, le Mania le Sakeny go tswa kwa borwa. Go na le mafelo a magolo a a nang le metsi le matsha a a seng boteng kwa dinoka di kopanang teng mo dipoeng. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>Andriambeloson, Johary & Calmant, Stéphane & Paris, Adrien & Rakotondraompiana, Solofo. (2020). Re-initiating depth-discharge monitoring in small-sized ungauged watersheds by combining remote sensing and hydrological modelling: a case study in Madagascar. ''Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques''. 65. 10.1080/02626667.2020.1833013.</ref> Mebu e e nonneng ya Betsiriry Plain e dira gore e nne nngwe ya dikgaolo tse di siametseng temothuo kwa bophirima jwa Madagascar. <ref name=":1">Vololona, Mireille & Kyotalimye, Miriam & Thomas, Timothy & Waithaka, Michael. (2013). ''Madagascar''. In Michael Waithaka, Gerald C. Nelson, Timothy S. Thomas, and Miriam Kyotalimye, eds. ''East African agriculture and climate change''. IFPRI, pp. 213–246. 10.13140/2.1.4432.5766.</ref> Mafelo a a nang le metsi le matsha a a mo dipoeng tseno ke mafelo a botlhokwa a dinonyane tsa metsi di nnang mo go one. Tsiribihina e elela go ya kwa bophirima, e kgabaganya mosima o o motsu le o o itsoketsang go kgabaganya Bemaraha Plateau, e leng lefelo la matlapa a kapoko le le katologang go ya kwa bokone le kwa borwa go bapa le karolo e e kwa bophirima ya Betsiriry Plain. <ref name=":0" />Fa noka e tswa mo Bemaraha Plateau e a atologa e bo e itsoketsa.<ref name=":0" />Go na le matsha a le mmalwa a a seng boteng go bapa le noka, go akaretsa Lake Kimanomby gaufi le Ambohibary le Lake Masoarivo gaufi le Masoarivo. <ref name=":1" /> Noka ya delta e kgolo, e atologa dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano go tswa kwa bokone go ya kwa borwa. <ref name=":0" /> E akaretsa mabopo a lewatle le dithota tsa motlhaba, mafelo a a tletseng seretse, mafelo a a nang le letswai, di-mangroves le mafelo a a nang le metsi a a letswai. Gantsi di-mangrove di boleele jwa dimetara di le pedi go ya go di le nne, mme ditlhare tsa tsone tse dikgolo ke tsa mefuta ya Avicennia, Rhizophora, Ceriops, Bruguiera le Sonneratia. Gantsi mafelo a a nang le letswai a nna le merwalela ka paka ya dipula. Matsha a metsi a a foreshe le matsha a Tsiribihina e e kwa tlase a laolwa ke sedges Cyperus spp, reed Phragmites, le non-native water-hyacinth Eichhornia.<ref name=":1" /> Molomo wa noka o gaufi le Belon'i Tsiribihina, moo e elelang mo Mozambique Channel. Go na le mefuta e le masome a robabobedi le bobedi ya dinonyane tse di ileng tsa begiwa kwa Nokeng ya Tsiribihina le mo lotshitshing lwa yone, mme di le masome a mabedi le bobedi tsa tsone ke tsa kwa Madagascar fela. Bernier's teal (Anas bernieri) e tsala mo ditlhareng tsa mangrove. Pratincole ya Madagascar (Glareola ocularis) e kopana ka bontsi mo dintshing tsa noka, mme nngwe ya ditlhopha tse dikgolo tsa Madagascar tsa mefuta e e sa tshwaneng ya letata le le nang le mokwatla o mosweu (Thalassornis leuconotus insularis) e fitlhelwa kwa Letsheng la Masoarivo. Go na le mefuta e le mmalwa ya ntsu ya Madagascar (Haliaeetus vociferoides) e e nnang go bapa le noka. 7] Lefelo le le sireleditsweng la Menabe Antimena le akaretsa lotshitshi lo lo kafa borwa jwa Tsiribihina e e kwa tlase mmogo le delta le di-mangrove. Tsiribihina Delta e tlhophilwe jaaka lefelo la metsi la botlhokwa jwa boditšhabatšhaba ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Ramsar, mme Noka ya Tsiribihina le delta ya yone e tlhophilwe jaaka lefelo la dinonyane la botlhokwa ke Birdlife International. 7] == Metswedi == 78diruh6j25kj1m5imbbbrtd50spuka 0 13600 50685 2026-06-14T15:28:34Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Lac de Guiers 50685 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lac de Guiers 2017 01.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Lac de Guiers]] Lac de Guiers kgotsa Lake Guiers ke letsha le le kwa bokone jwa [[Senegal|Senegal,]] borwa jwa toropo ya Richard-Toll le kwa dikgaolong tsa Louga le Saint-Louis. <ref name=":0">[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=6842&m=0 BirdLife International: IBA Factsheet: Lac de Guiers]</ref>Ke motswedi o motona wa metsi a a phepa mo toropong ya [[Dakar,]] dikilometara di le makgolokgolo go ya kwa borwabophirima, ka diphaepe tse di kafa tlase ga lefatshe. E boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano le bophara jwa dikilometara di le borobabobedi, mme e tlamelwa ke noka ya Ferlo kgotsa Bounoum, e e elelang kwa bokone go ya kwa ntlheng ya yone ya borwa, go tswa kwa Fouta ka paka ya dipula. Metsi a elela kwa nokeng ya Senegal kwa bokone ka Taouey [fr], e e ileng ya tlhamaladiwa le go kaelwa fa e feta ka Richard-Toll. Letamo le ne la agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le borataro( 1916) go thibela metsi a letswai go tsena mo teng. <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/248598/Lake-Guier Britannica: Lake Guier]</ref> Bontsi jwa dintshi tsa one di nonne. Noka e e kwa bokone le mafelo a a e dikologileng a fetotswe go nna kgaolo e kgolo e go jalwang sukiri mo go yone e e nosediwang ka metsi a a tswang mo letsheng. Lac de Guiers e tlhophilwe jaaka lefelo le le botlhokwa la dinonyane ke BirdLife International; mefuta e e botlhokwa ke flamingo e nnye (Phoeniconaias minor), ibis e e phatsimang (Plegadis falcinellus), spoonbill ya Eurasia (Platalea leucorodia), spoonbill ya Aforika (Platalea alba), white-winged tern (Chlidonias leucopterus) le prinia ya noka (Prinia fluviatilis).<ref name=":0" /> Letsha le na le ditso tse di di raraaneng e e amang magosi a Tekrur le Waalo le Mmusomogolo wa Jolof (Diolof). Go botlhokwa go lemoga gore motse wa N'Der, e leng motsemoshate wa boraro le wa bofelo wa bogosi jwa pele jwa Waalo, o ne o le mo lotshitshing lo lo kafa bophirima jwa Letsha leno. Ntlo ya segosi kana "keur" e sa ntse e le teng. Pelenyana, Lac de Guiers e ne e bidiwa Lac du Panier Foule kgotsa Pania Fuli, e bua ka batho ba Fula.[3]t Bird Area by Birdlife International.[ 7] == Metswedi == mkjun5a3h7k8diwlsc3o8tgcwfj381j 0 13601 50686 2026-06-14T18:35:44Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344286409|Tsitsi Dangarembga]]" 50686 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tsitsi Dangarembga''' (o tshotswe ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a mane ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke mokwadi wa padi, mokwadi wa metshameko le modiri wa difilimi wa kwa Zimbabwe. Padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''[[Nervous Conditions]]'' (1988), e e neng e le ya ntlha go gatisiwa ka Seesemane ke mosadi wa Montsho go tswa kwa Zimbabwe, e ne ya bidiwa ke [[BBC]] ka 2018 jaaka nngwe ya dibuka di le lekgolo tse di kwa godimo tse di bopileng lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180521-the-100-stories-that-shaped-the-world|title=The 100 stories that shaped the world|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=22 May 2018|accessdate=28 September 2020}}</ref> O fentse ditlotla tse dingwe tsa dikwalo, go akaretsa le [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] le [[PEN Pinter Prize]]. Ka 2020, padi ya gagwe ya ''[[This Mournable Body]]'' e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Booker Prize]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/15/most-diverse-booker-prize-shortlist-is-also-almost-all-american-hilary-mantel|title=Most diverse Booker prize shortlist ever as Hilary Mantel misses out|accessdate=28 September 2020|date=15 September 2020}}</ref> Ka 2022, Dangarembga o ne a bonwa molato kwa kgotlatshekelong ya Zimbabwe ya go tlhotlheletsa tirisodikgoka ya setšhaba, ka go bontsha, mo tseleng ya setšhaba, setshwantsho se se kopang diphetogo; moragonyana go bonwa molato ga gagwe go ne ga fetolwa. == Metswedi == ddg9rzyr7iqwd8vaql970jbkrhg9dlc 50687 50686 2026-06-14T18:46:30Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344286409|Tsitsi Dangarembga]]" 50687 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tsitsi Dangarembga''' (o tshotswe ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a mane ka ngwaga wa 1959) ke mokwadi wa padi, mokwadi wa metshameko le modiri wa difilimi wa kwa Zimbabwe. Padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''[[Nervous Conditions]]'' (1988), e e neng e le ya ntlha go gatisiwa ka Seesemane ke mosadi wa Montsho go tswa kwa Zimbabwe, e ne ya bidiwa ke [[BBC]] ka 2018 jaaka nngwe ya dibuka di le lekgolo tse di kwa godimo tse di bopileng lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180521-the-100-stories-that-shaped-the-world|title=The 100 stories that shaped the world|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=22 May 2018|accessdate=28 September 2020}}</ref> O fentse ditlotla tse dingwe tsa dikwalo, go akaretsa le [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] le [[PEN Pinter Prize]]. Ka 2020, padi ya gagwe ya ''[[This Mournable Body]]'' e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Booker Prize]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/15/most-diverse-booker-prize-shortlist-is-also-almost-all-american-hilary-mantel|title=Most diverse Booker prize shortlist ever as Hilary Mantel misses out|accessdate=28 September 2020|date=15 September 2020}}</ref> Ka 2022, Dangarembga o ne a bonwa molato kwa kgotlatshekelong ya Zimbabwe ya go tlhotlheletsa tirisodikgoka ya setšhaba, ka go bontsha, mo tseleng ya setšhaba, setshwantsho se se kopang diphetogo; moragonyana go bonwa molato ga gagwe go ne ga fetolwa. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Tsitsi Dangarembga o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le malatsi a le mane ka ngwaga wa 1959 kwa Mutoko, kwa Rhodesia Borwa (e jaanong e leng [[Zimbabwe]]), torotswana e batsadi ba gagwe ba neng ba ruta kwa go yone kwa sekolong sa borongwa se se gaufi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/know-your-author-dangarembga/|title=Know Your Author: Dangarembga|date=2012-05-20|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Grady |first=Rebecca |date=2014-06-10 |title=Dangarembga, Tsitsi |url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/10/dangarembga-tsitsi/ |access-date=2020-03-27 |website=Postcolonial Studies |publisher=Emory University |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |date=1988 |title=Khulumani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNYcAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Women's Action Group |pages=92 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Rosemary Marangoly |last2=Scott |first2=Helen |date=Spring 1993 |title=An Interview with Tsitsi Dangarembga |journal=Novel: A Forum on Fiction |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=309–319 |doi=10.2307/1345839 |jstor=1345839}}</ref> Mmaagwe, [[Susan Dangarembga]], e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa montsho kwa Rhodesia Borwa go bona dikirii ya bachelor,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutambara |first=Arthur G. O. |date=2017-10-15 |title=An ode to Susan Dangarembga |url=https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/an-ode-to-susan-dangarembga |access-date=2020-03-29 |website=The Sunday Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> mme rraagwe, Amon, moragonyana o ne a tlaa nna mogokgo wa sekolo.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Madhomu|first=Betha|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/Zimbabwe/Dangarembgas-new-venture-20100621|title=Dangarembga's new venture|date=2010-06-21|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200209070113.html|title=President Sends Condolences to Bakasa, Dangarembga Families|date=2002-09-07|access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> Go tloga ka dingwaga di le pedi go ya go di le thataro, Dangarembga o ne a nna kwa Enyelane, fa batsadi ba gagwe bone ba ne ba tswelela ka thuto e kgolwane.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Agatucci |first=Cora |date=2010-01-02 |title=African Authors: Tsitsi Dangarembga & Nervous Conditions |url=https://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/hum211/dangarembga.htm |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=Central Oregon Community College}}</ref> Koo, jaaka a gakologelwa, ene le morwarraagwe ba ne ba simolola go bua [[Sekgowa|Seesemane]] "jaaka tlwaelo mme ba lebala bontsi jwa [[Seshona]] se re neng re se ithutile."<ref name=":4" /> O ne a boela kwa Rhodesia le balelapa la gagwe ka 1965, ngwaga wa [[Kgoeletso ya Boipuso]] ya Koloni.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /> Kwa Rhodesia, o ne a ithuta Seshona gape, mme o ne a tsaya gore Seesemane, e leng puo e a neng a e dirisa kwa sekolong, e le puo ya gagwe ya ntlha.<ref name=":4" /> == Tiro == === Dingwaga tsa bo 1980 le tsa bo 1990 === === 2000 go ya pele === == Dietsele le ditlotla tse di tlhophilweng == == Lenaane la ditiro == === Ditiro tse di kwadilweng === === Difilimi === == Metswedi == eezej7xzvn1kidu07wmmqb0y45qqn59 0 13602 50690 2026-06-15T06:58:54Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA BUMBUNA 50690 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sierra Leone location map Topographic.png|thumb|kwa Letamo la Bumbuna le leng teng kwa Sierra Leone]] '''Letamo la Bumbuna''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka konkoreite le le tladitsweng ka matlapa mo Nokeng ya Seli gaufi le Bumbuna mo Kgaolong ya Tonkolili, Sierra Leone, <ref name=":0">Fid Thompson (9 February 2010). [https://www.voanews.com/a/sierra-leones-hydro-power-dam-lighting-up-freetown-84037107/153195.html "Sierra Leone's Hydro-Power Dam Lighting Up Freetown".] Voice of America.</ref>le dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano go tswa kwa motsemoshate wa Freetown, moreki yo mogolo. <ref name=":1">[http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/bumbuna-hydroelectric-power-plant.html "Bumbuna Hydroelectric Power Plant"]. Salini Impregilo</ref> Letamo la ntlha la motlakase wa metsi mo nageng, le tshegetsa seteišene sa motlakase sa masome a matlhano (50) megawatts (67,000 hp).<ref name=":0" /> Lefelo la letamo la Bumbuna Falls le ne la lemogiwa la ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso (1971), mme kago ya lone ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobgwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975). <ref name=":2">[https://www.power-technology.com/projects/bumbuna-station/ "Bumbuna Hydroelectric Power Station, Tonkolili District, West Africa, Sierra Leone".] ''power-technology.com''.</ref>Tiro e ne ya emisiwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo robabongwe le msome a robabobgwe le bosupa (1997), ka masome a robabobedi le botlhano (85% )e weditswe, ka ntlha ya Ntwa ya Selegae ya Sierra Leone, mme ya se ka ya simololwa gape go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano(2005). <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">[http://www.renewable-technology.com/projects/bumbuna-hydroelectric-power-station-tonkolili-district/ "Bumbuna Hydroelectric Power Station, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone".] ''renewable-technology.com''.</ref>Porojeke e ne ya wediwa mme ya tsenngwa mo inthaneteng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boferabongwe (2009).<ref>"Sierra Leone (11/15/11)". United States Department of State.[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/sierraleone/182274.htm]</ref>Mo e ka nnang nngwetharong ya ditshenyegelo tsa letamo la US$327 million ($103 million) e ne ya tlamelwa ke African Development Bank.<ref name=":2" />Pegelo ya kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le masome a mabedi le borataro (26) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) e ne ya supa fa metse e le masome a mararo le boraro (33) e tla amiwa ke letamo, le fa e le e le nngwe fela (ya malapa a le lesome le borataro (16 )le batho ba le 135) e tla tlhoka go fudusiwa.<ref>Dr. Robert Zwahlen (26 January 2005). [http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/927461468167368163/pdf/RP2950vol-01.pdf "Bumbuna Hydropower Project: Resettlement Action Plan for the Reservoir and Dam Area" (PDF). p. I.]</ref> Letamo le na le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masme a robabobedi le bosupa (87) (285 ft), boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mane (400) (1,300 ft) kwa setlhoeng le bogolo jwa dimetara di le dikhubiki di le 2,500,000 (88,000,000 cu ft).<ref name=":1" />Bokanakang jwa letamo le le tlhamilweng ke 410,000,000 cubic metres (1.4×1010 cu ft),<ref name=":1" />428,000,000 cubic metres (1.51×1010 cu ft) <ref name=":0" />kgotsa 480,000,000 cubic metres (1.7×1010 cu ft)<ref name=":3" />.Go na le diterekere tse pedi tsa Francis, nngwe le nngwe e na le maatla a dimekawate di le 25 (34,000 hp).<ref name=":2" /> Morago ga go wediwa, porojeke e ne ya nna le mathata, mme e ne e ntsha fela dimekawate di le lesome (10) (13,000 hp) <ref>Kemo Cham (25 February 2013). [http://www.africareview.com/business-finance/Why-Sierra-Leones-energy-crisis-just-got-worse/979184-1704108-8wai0y/index.html "Why Sierra Leone's energy crisis just about got worse".] ''africareview.com''.</ref> kgotsa dimekawate di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (25) (34,000 hp) <ref name=":4">Kimberly S. Johnson (11 September 2013). [http://www.theafricareport.com/West-Africa/sierra-leones-private-sector-rushes-to-fill-the-void-as-dam-disappoints.html "Sierra Leone's private sector rushes to fill the void as dam disappoints"]. The Africa Report.</ref>go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete le lesome le boraro (2013). Karolo ya bobedi e rulaganyeditswe go nna ya motlakase wa dimekawate di le lekgolo le lesome (110) (150,000 hp).<ref>[http://www.bumbuna.sl/admin/images/news/ESAP%20M1%20-%20Final%20Report%2010.11.04.pdf "Bumbuna Hydroelectric Power Project Completion Report"] (PDF). Bumbuna Hydro Electric Environmental And Social Management Project. Retrieved 25 March 2014</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011), puso e ne ya itsise gore e abetse porojeke ya Phase II ya diranta di le dimilione di le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano (750) go Joule Africa, e leng khampani e e nang le motsemogolo kwa UK. <ref name=":4" /> Se se tla akaretsa letamo la bobedi le semela.<ref name=":4" />Kago e ne e tshwanetse go simologa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) mme e tswelele go fitlha ka dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).<ref name=":4" /> == Metswedi == fvb6fp3yykxashvpzmtgykqtykl6fvb 0 13603 50691 2026-06-15T07:15:37Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA NAUTE 50691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:NA-Naute-stausee.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Naute]] '''Letamo la Naute''' ke letamo le le kwa ntle ga Keetmanshoop kwa Karas Region ya Namibia. E ne ya agiwa ke Concor magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a bosupa le (1970) le ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a bosupa le bobedi(1972) mme ya neelwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a bosupa le bobedi (1972). Ke letamo la boraro le legolo kwa Namibia morago ga letamo la Hardap kwa bokone jwa Naute mme le kgona go tshola metsi a a ka fitlhang go 69 million cubic metres. Motswedi wa letamo ke Noka ya Löwen, e e leng karolo ya Noka ya Fish. <ref>[http://www.namibiatourism.com.na/country_s_region.php The South] Archived 2014-07-27 at the Wayback Machine Namibian Tourism Board</ref> == Kgwebo == Letamo la Naute le tlamela metsi a a nowang kwa Keetmanshoop le kwa dipolaseng dingwe tse di mabapi, mme le dirisiwa thata go nosetsa. E ntse e sa dirisiwe sentle mme ke e nngwe ya matamo a le mmalwa fela mo Namibia a gantsi a tladiwang ka botlalo.<ref>Cloete, Luqman (8 January 2010). [http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=61448&page=archive-read "Neckartal Dam questioned".] ''The Namibian''. p. 1.</ref> Porojeke ya Naute Aqua Fish Farms, e leng polase ya ditlhapi e e leng ya puso, e ikaegile ka letamo leno.<ref>[http://www.mti.gov.na/subpage.php?linkNo=113 Naute Aqua Fish Farms Project] Archived 2009-01-01 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Trade and Industry of Namibia</ref> Polasi ya Maungo ya Naute le yone e kwa Letamong la Naute. Polasi eno e lema thata matlhare a a romelwang kwa Yuropa. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), go ne go lebeletswe gore polasi eno e tla romela ditone di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi (180) tsa matlhare kwa dinageng di sele, fa ngwaga o o fetileng e ne e le ditone di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120). Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), polase e ne e thapile badiri ba nako e tletseng ba le makgolo a supa le borataro (76) le badiri ba setlha ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano (250).<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/news-articles/national/full-story/archive/2009/march/article/good-date-harvest-in-south/ Good date harvest in South Archived] 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine The Namibian, 18 March 2009</ref> oj843fuq3u9pekkiegfewrh06gsel4p 0 13604 50692 2026-06-15T07:28:32Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Kromme #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Churchill''', ke letamo le le kwa nokeng ya Kromme (le dinako tse dingwe le peletiwang gotwe noka ya Krom), gaufi le Kareedouw, kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1943, tirisokgolo ya lone e le mmasepala le tsa madirelo.<ref>[https://artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes_mob.php?bldgid=19290 "Churchill Dam and Water Scheme details".] ''artefacts.co.za''. Retrieved 15 June 2026.</ref> == Lefelo == Letamo la Churchill le kwa botlhaba - borwa botlhaba kwa Kareedouw, kwa borwa jwa tsela ya mokgatsha wa Langkloof (tsela ya R62), le kwa dikgageng tse di kwa bokone jwa dithaba tsa Kareedouw. Letamo le dikhilomithara di le lekgolo kwa bophirima jwa [[Gqeberha]]. == Selekanyo == Letamo le ka tshwara metsi a selekanyo sa didikadike di le masome mararo le botlhano, le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le masome mane le boraro, le na le sediba sa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a robabongwe le bobedi. Diphaepe tse di kwa tlase di isa metsi kwa toropong. == Ditso == [[Port Elizabeth]] o godile ka pele ka dingwaga tsa 1930. Moinjeneere wa toropo e o George Begg, o ne a nthsa molao kakanyetso wa gore go agiwe letamo mo Krom, e e neng e le yone noka e e gaufi thata e na le metsi a mantsi ebile a le boleng jo bo siameng. Le ntswa kago e simolotse ka 1936, e ne ya seka ya fediwa go fitlhela ka ntwa ya bopbedi ya lefatshe. Ka ngwaga wa 1942, go ne ga dumalanwa gore letamo le reelelwe ka Sir Winston Churchill go mo fa tlotla ka seabe sa gagwe mo ntweng. Gen. Jan Smuts o le tlhomamisitse ka 1948. == Spoorbek == Fa letamo le tlala, metsi a ne a apesa masimo a ga Hendrik Spoorbek. == Merwalela == Letamo la Churchill le [[letamo la Impofu]] a thusa go laola merwalela ya gangwe le gape kwa nokeng ya Krom. Merwalela e e sentse masimo le dikago tse di mo lotshitshing le gaufi le molomo wa noka. == Metswedi == sipdu0qtdis2kg5021htg0juhyx36sf 0 13605 50693 2026-06-15T07:35:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Damani #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Damani''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka mmu kwa nokeng ya Mbwedi, gaufi le [[Thohoyandou]] (toropokgolo ya pele ya [[Venda]]) kwa [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1991. Le dirisediwa tsa madirelo le mmasepala. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo. == Metswedi == 3dylp9gt0cgpjajh6eavb866y08bsuk 0 13606 50694 2026-06-15T07:38:56Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA HARDAP 50694 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:HardapDam.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Hardap]] '''Letamo la Hardap''' ke letamo le le gaufi le Mariental mo Kgaolong ya Hardap kwa bogare jwa Namibia. Letamo la Hardap le le neng la agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, le makgolo a robabobongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963) fa Namibia e ne e le kafa tlase ga puso ya Afrika Borwa, le ne la nna letamo le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo nageng eo ka dingwaga di feta masome a matlhano. Fa e sena go wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), Letamo la Neckertal gaufi le Keetmanshoop le na le maatla a a fetang a Letamo la Hardap ka makgetlo a le mararo. Letamo la Hardap le thiba Noka ya Fish mme le na le diphologolo di le dintsi tsa naga tsa [[Namibia|Namibia.]] == Tlhaloso == Letamo la Hardap le le neng le rulagantswe la ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1897), le na le bokgoni jwa go dira dimetara tsa dikhubiki di le dimilione di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi (320) (420,000,000 cu yd) le bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 25 (2,500 ha). Go agiwa ga yone go simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete, le makgolo a robabobgwe le nasome a marataro (1960) mme ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963).<ref name=":0">[http://namibianwildliferesorts.com/accommodation/hardap-resort/ "Hardap Resort"]. Namibian Wildlife Resorts. Retrieved 21 February 2017.</ref> Letamo la Hardap le tlamela motse wa Mariental le metse e e mo tikologong ka metsi a a nowang. Le fa go ntse jalo, lefelo la yone le le gaufi le toropo, gape le baka kotsi ya go nna le merwalela fa dikgogedi di tshwanetse go bulwa ka botlalo ka ntlha ya dipula tse di siameng mo kgaolong ya noka ya Fish. Ditlhare tse di tlhogang mo mokgatšheng wa Noka ya Fish, di dira gore metsi a elele ka bonya e bile di oketsa kotsi ya merwalela.<ref name=":1">[http://www.namibian.com.na/51389/read/NamWater-opens-Hardap-Dam-sluices (Full information only in the print version)]</ref> Pele ga go agiwa letamo leno, Mariental e ne ya khurumediwa ke metsi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le boraro (1923) le ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934). Merwalela e ne ya nna gone morago ga gore go agiwe letamo leno ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi (1972), sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone (1974), sekete ,ngwaga wa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro (1976), ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000) le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006). Fa e sale go tloga ka nako eo, metsi a letamo a bolokilwe a le kwa godimo ga makgolo a supa (70%) ya bokgoni jwa lone go thibela go khurumela le go elela go go sa laolesegeng go tswa mo matsenong a a bulegileng ka botlalo.<ref name=":1" /> == Tlhamane == Leina la Hardap le tswa mo lefokong la Nama le le rayang "nape" kgotsa "kgapetla",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120502155437/http://www.idreamafrica.com.na/context_links/context_link_content.php?key=Hardap "IDreamAfrica"]. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. Retrieved 2011-10-12</ref>e leng tsela e dithaba tse di kwa tlase tse di bopegileng jaaka dikhoune tse di dikologileng lefelo leno di neng di lebega ka yone mo baaging ba koo ba bogologolo. Go na le mafelo a go tshwarwang ditlhapi mo go one mo mafelong a a farologaneng mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa bokone jwa letsha leno. Ditetla le mmapa wa mafelo a go thaya ditlhapi a a letleletsweng di ka bonwa kwa ofising ya lefelo la boikhutso kgotsa kwa ofising ya magiseterata kwa Mariental. == Dimela le diphologolo == Kgaolo e ke legae la ditshukudu tse dintsho<ref name=":0" />, gemsbok, Hartmann's zebra, kudu, strutch, springbok le steenbok. <ref name=":2">[http://www.namibia-1on1.com/mariental.html "Namibia 1on1: Mariental"]</ref>Gape go na le mefuta e mentsi ya dinonyane tse di ka bonwang mo teng le go dikologa letamo leno. Great White Pelican,<ref name=":0" />cormorant, darter le spoonbill di ka bonwa mo letamong ka bolona, mmogo le ntsu ya tlhapi le palo e nnye ya osprey. Dimela tse di mo lefelong leno di bidiwa di-shrub savanna. Ditlhare tse di latelang di a tlhagelela: motlhwa wa kamela, setlhare se se nang le moriri o motala le motlhwa wa nare.<ref>[http://www.namibweb.com/hardap.htm "NambiWeb"]</ref> == Bojanala == Morago ga dingwaga di le nne tsa go tlhabololwa<ref name=":2" />mafelo a boitapoloso a letamo a ne a bulwa gape ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016). Go thuma, go tshwara ditlhapi le go lebelela dinonyane ke dingwe tsa dilo tse batho ba di dirang kwa letamong leno. Go na le resetšhurente le lebenkele.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 7rbtjg857iy00d73iv04jkzj42hwgne 0 13607 50695 2026-06-15T07:47:05Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA AVIS 50695 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Avis dam, Windhoek, Namibia.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Avis]] '''Letamo la Avis''' ke letamo le le kwa ntle ga Windhoek, Namibia. E ne ya agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo l boraro (1933) ke balaodi ba kolone ya Afrika Borwa. E ne ya tlelwa ke metsi lekgetlo la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa sekete. makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934), mme ya feta masome a supa le botlhano (75%) gape ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa( 2007).<ref>[http://www.avisdam.org/index.html Friends of Avis Dam] Archived 2009-04-17 at the Wayback Machine AvisDam.org</ref> == Diphologolo == Go na le bobotlana mefuta e le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (187) ya dinonyane tse di farologaneng mo lefelong leno. == Metswedi == 0mgs3tgdcdcld6wj1i997lood0a2fto 0 13608 50696 2026-06-15T08:01:35Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Darlington #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Darlington''', le gape le bidiwang lekadiba la Mentz, ke letamo le le agilweng ka majwe le le kwa lefelong la itloso bodutu la Addo Elephant National Park kwa go nang le [[noka ya Sundays]], gaufi le Kirkwood, kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. == Ditso == Tirisokgolo ya boremelelo ya go agiwa ga letamo le, e ne e le go isa metsi a a lekaneng ebile a sa kgale go nosetsa lefelo le le tona la temo, ka go baya le go laola metsi a morwalela. Ka ngwaga wa 1917, lekgotla la nosetso la noka ya Sundays le ne la tlhamiwa la okamela porojeke go tswa mo lephateng la nosetso la puso ka 1918. Kago e ne ya itemogela go busediwa kwa morago gantsi, go akaretsa tlhaelo ya didirisiwa mo go neng go bakiwa ke ntwa ya ntlha ya lefatshe, go tlhoka babereki (masole a a boang), segajaja sa 1918 sa mofikela, leroborobo la go ruruga legwafa, ditsamaiso tse di thata le komelelo.<ref name=":0">van Vuuren, Lani (2009). [https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/WW_09_Jul-Aug_Darlington.pdf "Water History: Darlington Dam – SA's Troubled Lake" (PDF).] ''The Water Wheel''. '''8''' (4): 24–28.</ref> Tiego mo go feleletseng e ne ya baka bothata jwa madi jo bo tseneletseng mo dikomponeng tse di nosetsang, puso ya felela e tshwanelwa ke go tsaya sekoloto sa banosetsi, madi a a kana ka diponto di le didikadike tse pedi, makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano a ne a kwalololwa<ref name=":0" />. Letamo le feditswe ka 1922 la tlala fela ka 1928, tiego e,e le ka ntlha ya komelelo e e tseneletseng.<ref name=":0" /> Letamo la pele le ne le agetswe go baya metsi a seekanyo sa di mithara di le didkadike di le lekgolo, masome a mane le bobedi. Go nna kwa godimo ga motlhaba wa noka ya Sundays go ne go raya gore go tlala ga motlhaba kwa pele kwa kgampung ya sediba e fokotsa selekanyo sa letamo. Lebotana la letamo le ne la tsholediwa ka mithara le botlhano ka 1935 la tsholediwa gape ka di mithara di le tlhano ka 1951/52 go mekamekana le tatlhegelo ya selekanyo.<ref name=":0" /> Letamo le le agilweng gape le butswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa 1952, ke tona wa nako eo wa ditsha le nosetso, J. G Strijdom, tiro e okametswe ke lekgotla la nosetso la noka ya Sundays, J. Kevin Murphy e le moinjineere o o okametseng. Ka ngwaga wa 1979, sediba se ne se latlhegetswe ke 41.47% wa selekanyo sa go baya metsi, motlhaba o le di mithara di le didkadike di le lekgolo, masome a mararo le botlhabo, dikete di le makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa o le kwa morago ga lebotana.<ref>Annandale, GW (1984)[https://web.archive.org/web/20171215122420/http://hydrologie.org/redbooks/a144/iahs_144_0549.pdf . "Predicting the distribution of deposited sediment in southern African reservoirs"] (PDF). ''Challenges in African Hydrology and Water Resources (Proceedings of the Harare Symposium)''. Publ. no. 144. IAHS: 549–567. Archived from [http://hydrologie.org/redbooks/a144/iahs_144_0549.pdf the original] (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref> Letamo la gompieno le na le selekanyo sa didikadike di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le bosupa, lebotana le le di mithara di le masome amararo le notlhano go ya kwa godimo. Tirisokgolo ya lone ke nosetso, madirelo le go dirisiwa mo magaeng. Komelelo e e tseneletseng ya 1966 le 1967 e ne e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go simolola tiro mo moseleng wa Skoenmakers go amanya noka ya Great Fish le letamo la Darlington ka bofefo. Ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga nosetso kwa tlase ga letamo la Darlington mo go neng go solofetswe le go tlhoka metsi kwa toropong ya [[Port Elizabeth]], go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go emeletsa pompo ya Wellington Grove ka De Moistkraal Wir kwa godimo ga Wellington Grove le mosele o mokhutshwane o o amanyang mosele le go simolola ga mosele wa Skoenmakers.<ref>[http://www.sundaysriverwater.co.za/index.php/en/automation-of-canal-system "Automation of Canal System".] ''www.sundaysriverwater.co.za''. Sundays River Water. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref><ref>[https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA10212019_16310 "De Mistkraal Weir wins 1986 SAlCE Eastern Province Regional Award".] ''Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese''. '''29''' (5): 157–160. 1987. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 64l5fwajkniqi6vzrojfbold58hkbpk 0 13609 50697 2026-06-15T08:05:29Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya letamo la Phiphidi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Phiphidi''' ke letamo le le kwa Aforika Borwa. Le agilwe ka 1971. == Metswedi == sdziww4nlwml4k3ei3a17os6d42g2vp 0 13610 50698 2026-06-15T08:05:53Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA FOUM GLEITA 50698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Foumgleita.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Foumgleita]] Letamo la Foum Gleita ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Gorgol gaufi le Foum Gleita mo Kgaolong ya Gorgol ya Mauritania. Letamo leno le ne la wediwa ka 1988 ka maikaelelo a magolo a go tlamela metsi a go nosetsa go fitlha go diheketara di le 4 000 tsa dijalo.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls "Dams in Africa"]. UN FAO. Retrieved 25 March 2014</ref><ref>[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_31-32/35166.pdf "Deplacements De Popuution Autour D'un Barrage En Zone Saheuenne Le Cas De Foum Gleita"] (PDF) (in French). ORSTOM. 1989. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref> Tshekatsheko ya go tlhomama ga letamo leno, e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2004, e ne ya senola mathata a le 19 a go tlhomama le a pabalesego, a a bakilweng thata ke go busediwa morago ga nako ya go baakanya. Le fa go ntse jalo, kago e kgolo ya letamo e ne e le mo maemong a a tlhomameng ka nako eo. <ref>Y. Scheid; L. Schewe; M. Guisset (2006). "Stability and safety assessment of the arch dam Foum Gleita in Mauritania". ''Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering''. IOS Press. doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-656-9-1921.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foum_Gleita_Dam#cite_note-3]</ref> == Metswedi == 98z8sz47pdl83f92csmsw08iib7wk0y 0 13611 50699 2026-06-15T08:11:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya letamo la Xonxa #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Xonxa''', ke letamo le le agilweng ka majwe le lekgarapana kwa nokeng ya White Kei kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba|Kapa Botlhaba,]] [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1972 le na le selekanyo sa di mithara di le didikadike di le lekgolo masome a matlhano le borobabobedi, le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano. Lebotana la lone le dimithara di le masome mane le borobabobedi go ya kwa godimo. Letamo le le dirisediwa go nosetsa, kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo.<ref>[https://mindtrip.ai/attraction/lady-frere-eastern-cape/xonxa-dam/at-6GsGHC70 "mindtrip".] ''Mindtrip''. Retrieved 15 June 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == tp3lsj6ucgs5jlo2bj50xl3cso1b4bn 0 13612 50700 2026-06-15T08:22:03Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya White Kei #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya White Kei|river_name=Wit-Kei|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya White Kei|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|mouth=Kwa bokopanong le Noka ya [[Black Kei]]|origin=Stomberg|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]] [[Aforika Borwa]]|elevation_m=1,500}} '''Noka ya White Kei''' kgotsa '''Wit-Kei''' ke noma e e kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E simolola kwa bokone jwa [[Queenstown]], e simolola motsamao wa yone e le noka ya Grootvleispruit e tloge e kopane le [[noka ya Black Kei]], go tlhama [[Noka ya Great Kei|noka ya Great Kei.]]<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mizimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref><ref>Stanford, W. E. (January 1910). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00359191009520056 "Statement of Silayi, with Reference to His Life Among the Bushmen"]. ''Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa''. '''1''' (2): 435–440. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1910TRSSA...1..435S :1910TRSSA...1..435S]. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00359191009520056 10.1080/00359191009520056.] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0035-919X 0035-919X.]</ref> [[Letamo la Xonxa]] le mo nokeng ya White Kei. Noka e, gompieno ke bontlha jwa lefelo la kokamelo metsi kwa Mzimvubu go ya Keiskama.<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> == Metswedi == hkvnhoh7iri1wawskp3i966oaxw3afl 0 13613 50701 2026-06-15T08:23:52Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA DIAMA 50701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Barrage de Diama.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Diama]] '''Letamo la Diama''', ka dinako tse dingwe le bitswa Letamo la Maka ⁇ Diama (French: Barrage de Maka-Diama) ke letamo la maatla a kgogedi mo Nokeng ya [[Senegal]], le le kgabaganyang molelwane wa [[Senegal]] le [[Mauritania]]. E gaufi le toropo ya Diama, Senegal le dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le bobedi (22) (14 mi) bokone jwa Saint-Louis, Senegal. Boikaelelo jwa letamo leno ke go thibela metsi a a letswai gore a se ka a tsena kwa godimo ga noka, go tlamela ka metsi a go nosetsa dijalo tsa diheketara di ka nna dikete tse masome a mane le botlhano (45 000) le go dira tsela e e kgabaganyang tsela e e fa gare ga St. Louis le Nouakchott kwa Mauritania. Mo godimo ga moo, go na le letamo la dikepe le le agilweng mo teng ga letamo leno le le dirang gore go kgonege go tsamaya ka dikepe go ya kwa godimo ga noka. Dithulaganyo tsa go aga letamo leno di ne tsa dirwa la ntlha ka 1970 fa dinaga tse di bapileng le noka ya Senegal di ne di dumalana go tlhabolola noka ya Senegal. Letamo la Diama le ne le tshwanetse go agiwa mmogo le Letamo la Manantali le le neng le tshwanetse go agiwa kwa godimo ga noka kwa Mali. Go agiwa ga Letamo la Diama go simolotse ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome le botlhano (15) ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le motso (1981) mme ga wediwa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le lesome le bobedi (12) ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le msaome a robabobedi le borataro (1986). Letamo la Manantali le ne la wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988). Porojeke ya Diama e ne ya duelelwa ke kadimo ya US$149.5 million go tswa go African Development Bank.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls "Dams in Africa".] UN FAO. Retrieved 22 April 2014</ref> Karolo e kgolo ya letamo e e nang le letamo la dikepe le tsela ya go tshologa e boleele jwa 170 m (560 ft) fa karolo ya letamo la embankment e le boleele jwa makgolo a mane e masome a a mane (440 m) (1,440 ft) e atologela kwa bokone go ya kwa ntlheng ya noka. Letamo leno le atolosediwa kwa bokone ka letamo le lengwe. Letamo le boleele jwa lesome le boferabobedi (18 m) (59 ft) mme tsela ya lone ya go tshologa metsi e na le kgololo ya bogolo jwa 6,500 m3/s (230,000 cu ft/s).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180328190228/http://www.portail-omvs.org/sites/default/files/fichierspdf/c2-barrage_diama_-_role_et_enjeux_-juin_2006_-_vf_1.pdf "Barrage de Diama"] (PDF). OVMS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2014</ref> Toropo e nnye ya Diama e itsege jaaka lefelo la go kgabaganya molelwane go ya le go tswa kwa Mauritania, ka gore letamo ke lone fela borogo jwa naga magareng ga dinaga tse pedi.<ref>Connolly, Sean (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=7U7fCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215 ''Senegal''.] Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 215–217. ISBN <bdi>978-1-84162-913-1</bdi>.</ref> == Metswedi == 1ldzlcex0nknasjbs3g5xefmrtniehm 0 13614 50702 2026-06-15T08:24:15Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Retba 50702 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:RetbaLakeShore.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Retba]] '''Letsha la Retba''', gape le itsege jaaka '''Lac Rose''' (le le rayang "letsha le le pinki"), ke letsha le le nang le letswai le le tseneletseng le le kwa bokone jwa [[Cape Verde]] peninsula kwa [[Senegal]], dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano (22 mi) bokone-botlhaba jwa motsemogolo, Dakar. E reeletswe ka metsi a yone a mmala wa pinki a a bakwang ke bolele jwa Dunaliella salina mme e itsege ka letswai le lentsi, le le ka fitlhang go 40% kwa mafelong mangwe. Gantsi mmala wa yone o nna bogale thata go tloga kwa bofelong jwa January go ya kwa masimologong a March, ka paka ya komelelo. Merwalela e e neng ya nna teng ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa diekete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022) e ne ya se ka ya kgoreletsa fela ditiro tsa go ntsha letswai mo letsheng, mme gape e ne ya dira gore letsha leno le latlhegelwe ke mmala wa lone, mme seo sa ama bojanala ka tsela e e sa siamang. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), letsha le ne la boa la nna le mmala wa lone. <ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250325-back-in-the-pink-senegal-salt-lake-gets-its-colour-back "Back in the pink: Senegal salt lake gets its colour back".] ''France 24''. 25 March 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro (2026), [[UNESCO]] e ne ya tsaya letsha leno e le lengwe la mafelo a a botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa lefatshe. == Tlhaloso == Letsha le le dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Dakar]],<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2080/ "Le Lac Rose".] ''UNESCO World Heritage Centre'' (in French). Retrieved 4 February 2023.</ref> le kgaogantswe le Lewatle la Atlantic fela ke mokgokolosa o o tshesane wa dithabana, mme le reeletswe ka metsi a lona a pinki, a a bakwang ke Dunaliella salina. Di-algae di tlhagisa mmala o mohibidu go di thusa go monya lesedi la letsatsi, le le di fang maatla a go dira ATP, e leng nucleotide e e tlhokegang go tlhagisa maatla. <ref name=":0">[https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/05/lake-retba-senegal-giant-strawberry-milkshake_n_1570007.html "Lake Retba in Senegal Looks Like A Giant Strawberry Milkshake".] [[:en:HuffPost|''HuffPost''.]] UK. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2019.</ref> Mmala o bonala thata ka paka ya komelelo (go tloga ka Ngwanatsele go ya go Motsheganong) mme ga o bonale thata ka paka ya dipula (ka Seetebosigo go ya go Diphalane).<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/22-epic-places-you-didnt-know-existed_n_4151416 "22 Epic Places You Didn't Know Existed"]. ''HuffPost''. 26 October 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2019.</ref> == Letswai == Letsha le itsege ka letswai le le kwa godimo (go fitlha go 40% kwa mafelong a mangwe), e leng se se bakwang ke go tsena ga metsi a lewatle le mowafalo wa one. <ref name=":0" /> Fela jaaka Lewatle le le Suleng, letsha leno le kgona go phaphasela mo godimo ga metsi mo batho ba kgonang go kokobala mo go lone.<ref name=":1">Handayani, Wuri; Paramitha, Tasya (19 June 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120814154952/http://us.life.viva.co.id/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal "Danau Pink, Sensasi Wisata Apung di Senegal".] ''VIVAnews'' (in Indonesian). Archived from [http://kosmo.vivanews.com/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal the original] on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</ref> <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23759547 "How salt miners save Senegal's Pink Lake".] [[:en:BBC_News_Online|''BBC News Online''.]] 19 August 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lake-retba "Lake Retba"]. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 23 May 2013.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:LacRoseSatellite.jpg|thumb|Pheninsula ya Cap Vert (NASA, 22 Nov. 2004)]] Letswai le romelwa kwa ntle go ralala kgaolo ka bokana ka dikete tse tharo ya bakopanyi,<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-04/senegal-lake-retba-loses-pink-colour-after-flooding/101921790 "Senegal's Lake Retba loses pink colour after flooding, putting livelihoods at risk"]. ''ABC News''. [[:en:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation|Australian Broadcasting Corporation.]] 3 February 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2023.</ref>banna le basadi go tswa kwa dikarolong tsotlhe tsa bophirima jwa Afrika, ba ba dirang diura di le thataro go ya go tse supa ka letsatsi. Ba sireletsa letlalo la bone ka beurre de Karité (bori jwa shea), e leng seokobatsi se se dirwang ka matonkomane a shea se se thusang go thibela gore dithishu di se ka tsa senyega. Letswai le dirisiwa ke batshwari ba ditlhapi ba Senegal go boloka tlhapi, e e leng karolo ya diresepe tse dintsi tsa setso, go akaretsa sejo sa bosetšhaba, e leng motswako wa tlhapi le raese o o bidiwang thieboudienne. <ref name=":1" /><ref>Eddy, Jody (14 March 2014). [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303824204579423691350888338 "Swim a Pink Lake in Senegal".] [[:en:The_Wall_Street_Journal|''The Wall Street Journal''.]]</ref> Mo e ka nnang ditone di le 38,000 tsa letswai di ntshiwa mo letsheng leno ngwaga le ngwaga, e leng se se dirang gore go nne le madirelo a letswai kwa Senegal. Senegal ke yone naga e e di gogang kwa pele mo go ntsheng letswai.<ref>Kanoute, Pape Tahirou; Malan, Christiane; Stephane, Fournier; Teyssier, Catherine (2018). [http://www.fao.org/3/I7938EN/i7938en.pdf "Relevance of a Geographical Indication for Salt From Senegal's Pink Lake"] (PDF). Rome: FAO. pp. 16pp.</ref> == Merwalela == [[Setshwantsho:Lac Rose in Senegal.jpg|thumb|Lac Rose kwa Senegal]] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022,) morwalela o mogolo o o bakilweng ke dipula tse dikgolo kwa Dakar o ne wa senya letsha leno. Merwalela e ne ya thuba dintshi tsa yone mme ya kgotlela metsi a yone, ya fetola mmala wa yone o o pinki o o tlwaelegileng go nna botala. Phetogo eno e tshosetsa tikologo le ikonomi ya lefelo leno, e ama balemirui ba letswai, batsamaisi ba dikepe, barekisi ba dilo tse di gopotsang le bojanala. Merwalela e ne ya senya dithota tsa letswai tse di neng di ja madi a a kana ka USD696,000, ya nwetsa dikgwebo, mme ya senya ditshedinyana tse dinnye tse di mo letsheng, mme ya tsenya thobo ya mo isagweng le maeto a bajanala mo kotsing. <ref>Dione, Ngouda (24 January 2023). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/lifes-no-longer-rosy-senegals-pink-lake-after-floods-2023-01-24/ "Life's no longer rosy at Senegal's Pink Lake after floods".] ''Reuters''.</ref> Fa e sa le ka nako eo, letsha leno le ne la boa gape la nna le mmala o o pinki. == Diphologolo tsa naga == [[Setshwantsho:Lake Retba (Lac Rose), worker is digging the salt in the lake.jpg|thumb|Modiri yo o ntshang letswai mo letsheng]] Le fa letsha le na le letswai le le kwa godimo, le le ka fitlhang go 350 g/L ka paka ya komelelo, blackchin tilapia e fitlhetswe e tshela mo dikarolong tse di nang le letswai tse di fepiwang metsi a a foreshe ke molapo o o kgaoganang. 12][13][14] == Go tsenngwa mo lenaaneng la Ngwao-Boswa ya Lefatshe == Letsha la Retba le ntse le sekasekwa ke UNESCO jaaka Lefelo la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Lefatshe fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005),[2] mme le tla tswelela go nna jalo go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro ( 2026).[ 8] == Metshameko ya Dikoloi == Letsha leno gantsi e ne e le lefelo la bofelo la Dakar Rally, pele ga e fudugela kwa Amerika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le (borobabongwe) ( 2009).[ 7] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), e ne ya tshola motshameko wa Extreme E electric off-road racing series. == Metswedi == 9w9r3e2dvwftkguupevoj0ge07jmr02 0 13615 50703 2026-06-15T08:37:35Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Black Kei #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Black Kei|river_name=Swart-Keirivier|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Black Kei|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]]|elevation_m=540|left_tribs=[[Noka ya Klaas Smits]]|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Klipplaat]]|mouth=Bokopano le [[Noka ya White Kei]]|elevation=1,500|origin=Stomberg}} '''Noka ya Black Kei''', e e simololang kwa borwa bophirima jwa [[Queenstown]], e tloge e kopane le [[noka ya White Kei]], go nna [[noka ya Great Kei]]. Metse e le mmalwa e mo lotshitshing lwa yone, e akaretsa motse wa McBride, Qabi,Ntabelanga, Thornhill, Loudon, Mitford, Basoto, Baccle's Farm le Tentegate.<ref>[https://referenceworks.brill.com/doi/10.1163/2213-2996_flg_COM_172012 "South Africa (Republic) - Animals & Animal Welfare".] doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_172012.</ref> [[Letamo la Thrift]] ke lone fela sediba sa yone se se botlhokwa. Gompieno noka e, ke bontlha jwa bookamedi jwa metsi jwa Mzimvubu go ya Keiskamma.<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> Kwa godimo ga yone go dira molelwane wa bo[hirima wa Tsolwana Nature Reserve, ka dingwaga tsa 1800, dinoka tsa Black Kei le Klipplaat e e tshelang mo go yone di ne tsa tlhama molelwane wa bokone jwa British Kaffraia. Dinoka tsa Klaas Smits le Klipplaat ke tsone tse ditona tse di tshelang mo go yone.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mizimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> == Metswedi == okm3rgr3ppmdqp5584p4l18nnu1l9j3 50704 50703 2026-06-15T08:40:26Z JudithShe 9421 Ke baakantse mafoko mangwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Black Kei|river_name=Swart-Keirivier|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Black Kei|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]]|elevation_m=540|left_tribs=[[Noka ya Klaas Smits]]|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Klipplaat]]|mouth=Bokopano le [[Noka ya White Kei]]|elevation=1,500|origin=Stomberg}} '''Noka ya Black Kei''', e e simololang kwa borwa bophirima jwa [[Queenstown]], e tloge e kopane le [[noka ya White Kei]], go nna [[noka ya Great Kei]]. Metse e le mmalwa e mo lotshitshing lwa yone, e akaretsa motse wa McBride, Qabi,Ntabelanga, Thornhill, Loudon, Mitford, Basoto, Baccle's Farm le Tentegate.<ref>[https://referenceworks.brill.com/doi/10.1163/2213-2996_flg_COM_172012 "South Africa (Republic) - Animals & Animal Welfare".] doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_172012.</ref> [[Letamo la Thrift]] ke lone fela sediba sa yone se se botlhokwa. Gompieno noka e, ke bontlha jwa bookamedi jwa metsi jwa Mzimvubu go ya Keiskamma.<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> Kwa godimo ga yone go dira molelwane wa bophirima wa Tsolwana Nature Reserve, ka dingwaga tsa 1800, dinoka tsa Black Kei le Klipplaat e e tshelang mo go yone di ne tsa tlhama molelwane wa bokone jwa British Kaffraia. Dinoka tsa Klaas Smits le Klipplaat ke tsone tse ditona tse di tshelang mo go yone.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mizimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> == Metswedi == nt5bne8a04yhxjnd742qwctdar298al 50710 50704 2026-06-15T09:17:15Z MmaBaggio 11091 50710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Black Kei|river_name=Swart-Keirivier|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Black Kei|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]]|elevation_m=540|left_tribs=[[Noka ya Klaas Smits]]|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Klipplaat]]|mouth=Bokopano le [[Noka ya White Kei]]|elevation=1,500|origin=Stomberg}} '''Noka ya Black Kei''', e e simololang kwa borwa bophirima jwa [[Queenstown]], e tloge e kopane le [[noka ya White Kei]], go nna [[noka ya Great Kei]]. Metse e le mmalwa e mo lotshitshing lwa yone, e akaretsa motse wa McBride, Qabi,Ntabelanga, Thornhill, Loudon, Mitford, Basoto, Baccle's Farm le Tentegate.<ref>[https://referenceworks.brill.com/doi/10.1163/2213-2996_flg_COM_172012 "South Africa (Republic) - Animals & Animal Welfare".] doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_172012.</ref> [[Letamo la Thrift]] ke lone fela sediba sa yone se se botlhokwa. Gompieno noka e, ke bontlha jwa bookamedi jwa metsi jwa Mzimvubu go ya Keiskamma.<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> Kwa godimo ga yone go dira molelwane wa bophirima wa Tsolwana Nature Reserve, ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete le makgolo a robabobedi 1800, dinoka tsa Black Kei le Klipplaat e e tshelang mo go yone di ne tsa tlhama molelwane wa bokone jwa British Kaffraia. Dinoka tsa Klaas Smits le Klipplaat ke tsone tse ditona tse di tshelang mo go yone.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mizimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> == Metswedi == bn250uxjg3g611r8xglf0vwmkdvo48m 0 13616 50705 2026-06-15T08:44:04Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya letamo la Xilinxa #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Xilinxa''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Xilinxa, le le fa gare ga Nqamakwe le Idutywa kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. == Metswedi == esd3erh8y2bpvsgt7zx2ne8t6ke0ho7 0 13617 50706 2026-06-15T08:54:31Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LEFELO LA PHETLHO YA MOTLAKASE LA NKHULA B 50706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lefelo le le hetlhang Motlakase la Nkhula B''', gape e le Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Nkula B ke seteišene sa Motlakase sa Motlakase sa metsi mo Nokeng ya Shire kwa Malawi. E na le maatla a go tlhagisa motlakase wa selekanyo sa lekgolo (100 megawatts) (130,000 hp).<ref name=":0">ESCOM (24 September 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110710201223/http://www.escommw.com/power_generation.php "Hydropower Generation: Existing ESCOM Limited Generation System".] Blantyre: Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi (ESCOM). Archived from the original (Archived from the Original) on 2011-07-10. Retrieved 15 April 2018</ref><ref>EGENCO (15 April 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200442/http://www.egenco.mw/power-stations "Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited: List of Hydroelectric Power Stations"]. Blantyre: Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited (EGENCO). Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018</ref> == Lefelo == Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Nkhula B se kwa moseja ga Noka ya Shire, mo Kgaolong ya Blantyre, mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Malawi, mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a matlhano (50) (31 mi), ka tsela, bokone-bophirima jwa Blantyre, motsemogolo wa madi le toropo e kgolo go gaisa mo Malawi. <ref>Globefeed.com (15 April 2015). [https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Malawi_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Post%20Office%2C%20Blantyre%2C%20Malawi&toplace=Nkula%20Falls%20Power%20Station%2C%20Malawi&dt1=ChIJsWOMNZBF2BgRvOD1GqDXCOg&dt2=ChIJ98zMt4mM2BgRcgAhEtFswpY "Distance between Post Office, Blantyre, Malawi and Nkula Falls Power Station, Malawi".] Globefeed.com. Retrieved 15 April 2015</ref>Dikhuduthamaga tsa lefatshe tsa Nkhula B Power Station ke: 15°31'40.0"S, 34°49'14.0"E (Latitude:-15.527778; Longitude:34.820556).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/15%C2%B031'40.0%22S+34%C2%B049'14.0%22E/@-15.5277748,34.7856211,6952m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-15.5277778!4d34.8205556 "Location of Nkhula B Hydroelectric Power Station"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</ref> == Kakaretso == Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Nkhula B se agilwe ka dikgato ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) le ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le maome a robabongwe(1990). Dijenereitara tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa maatla a dimekawate di le masome a mabedi (20) nngwe le nngwe, di ne tsa tsenngwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980). Go ne ga okediwa ka jenereitara e nngwe ya dimekawate di le masome a mabedi (20) ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro(1986). Motlakase wa botlhano wa 20 MW o ne wa tsenngwa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992).<ref name=":0" /> Seteišene sa motlakase se ne sa tswalwa ka ntlha ya go baakanngwa thata ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017). Go ne ga agiwa lefelo le lesha le go neng go tsenngwa motlakase mo go lone. Tiro eno e ne ya dirwa ke Andritz Hydro wa kwa Austria le Mota-Engil wa kwa Portugal.<ref>Special Absalom (30 October 2017). [http://www.maravipost.com/escom-commences-refurbishment-works-nkula-hydro-power-station/ "ESCOM commences refurbishment works at Nkula Hydro Power Station"]. Maravipost.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018</ref> Mo ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), go ne ga tsenngwa di-valve tsa motlakase tse di neng di le tlhwatlhwa ya di-MWK di le 800 000 000 (mo e ka nnang di-MWK di le 100 000 000). €1.18 million) e ne ya emisediwa.<ref>Makasu, David (30 March 2018). [http://www.malawivoice.com/egenco-to-instal-an-k800m-machine-at-nkula-b-power-station/ "Egenco To Instal An MWK800 Million Machine At Nkula B Power Station".] Blantyre: Malawivoice.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</ref> == Metswedi == 83xvno841tu5pdm4ft1kpdk61e0wllk 0 13618 50707 2026-06-15T08:54:34Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Cape Maclear 50707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Otter Point, Cape Maclear (Malawi).jpg|thumb|Letsha la Cape Maclear]] '''Cape Maclear''' kgotsa '''Chembe''' ke toropo mo Kgaolong ya Mangochi ya Kgaolo ya Borwa ya Malawi. Toropo e, e mo Nankumba Peninsula, e mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa Letsha la Malawi mme ke lefelo la boikhutso le le tlhanaselang thata mo Letsha la Malawi. <ref>Rogers, Douglas (5 February 2001). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/africaandindianocean/malawi/720923/Malawi-On-a-mission-in-Africa.html?pageNum=2 "Malawi: On a mission in Africa (2)".] [[:en:The_Daily_Telegraph|''The Daily Telegraph''.]] Retrieved 24 June 2008</ref>Cape Maclear e gaufi le ditlhaketlhake tsa Domwe, Thumbwe le Mumbo Island mo Letsheng la Malawi,<ref>Murphy, Alan; Armstrong, Kate; Firestone, Matthew D.; Fitzpatrick, Mary (2007). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Zo1sg8FnF2gC Lonely Planet Southern Africa: Join the Safari]''. [[:en:Lonely_Planet|Lonely Planet.]] p. 201. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-745-6|<bdi>978-1-74059-745-6</bdi>.]] Retrieved 24 June 2008.</ref> mme e mo [[Lake Malawi National Park.]] == Ditso == Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe ( 1859), morongwa le mmatlisisi David Livingstone o ne a ribolola Cape, mme a e bitsa "Cape Maclear" ka tsala ya gagwe, moithutadinaledi Thomas Maclear, yo e neng e le Moithutadinaledi wa Kgosigadi kwa Cape of Good Hope.<ref>Bass, Thomas A. (1990). [[iarchive:campingwithprinc00bass|''Camping with the Prince and Other Tales of Science in Africa: And Other''.]] [[:en:Houghton_Mifflin|Houghton Mifflin]]. p. 94. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-395-41502-0|<bdi>0-395-41502-0</bdi>. R]]<nowiki/>etrieved 24 June 2008.</ref> <ref>Livingstone, David (1865). ''[[iarchive:narrativeanexpe06livigoog|Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and Its Tributaries: And of the]]''. J. Murray. p. 368. Retrieved 24 June 2008</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Phalane, ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le botlhano (1875), setlhopha sa maloko a Free Church of Scotland se ne sa tlhoma borongwa jo bosha, "Livingstonia". Pele ga barongwa ba goroga, kgaolo e ne e laolwa ke batho ba Mamoseleme ba Ba-Yao. Mabitla a bangwe ba barongwa a kwa Cape Maclear, a lebile kwa kgogometsong.[ 9] Le fa Cape Maclear e ne e na le boemakepe jo bo siameng, mmu o o bokoa mo lefelong leo, le go ntsifala ga ntshi ya tsetse, go ne go raya gore go ne go tshwanetse ga bonwa bothibelelo jo bo botoka;[10] thomo e ne ya fudugela kwa Bandawe, gaufi le Chintheche, ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bobedi ( 1882).[ 11] == Diphologolo tsa naga == Cape Maclear le ditlhaketlhake tsa yone, dikgwa le kgogometso di ne tsa bolelwa gore ke phaka ya bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), go dira gore go nne le Lake Malawi National Park, phaka ya ntlha ya bosetšhaba ya metsi a a foreshe mo lefatsheng.[ 12] Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone (1984), lefelo leno le ne la nna lefelo la UNESCO World Heritage Site.[ 13] Go na le mefuta e le mmalwa ya dinonyane kwa Cape Maclear, go akaretswa le di-kingfisher, Dickinson's kestrels, le di-freckled nightjars.[ Go na le musiamo o o buang ka go bopiwa ga letsha la Malawi le diphologolo tsa lone kwa Cape Maclear. 3] UNESCO e ne ya akantsha gore go sirelediwe diphologolo tsa naga kwa Cape Maclear.[ 15] == Bojanala == Cape Maclear ke "lefelo la bojanala le le eteletseng pele",[1] mme ke lefelo la bojanala le le tlhanaselang thata kwa Letsheng la Malawi.[2] 2] Lefelo leno le ratiwa thata ke bajanala ba ba tsamayang ka mekotla ya mekotla.[ Go na le dibara, diresetšhurente, di-lodge le matlo a baeng mo toropong.[ Ditiro tse di leng teng kwa Cape Maclear di akaretsa go thuma ka snorkel, go tsamaya ka dinao, go tsamaya ka sekepe, go tsamaya ka kayak le go thuma. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe ( 200), puso ya Malawi e ne ya laletsa babeeletsi go thusa ka madi a go aga ka R6 000 000 ya hotele ya dinaledi di le nne ya dikamore di le lekgolo le masome a matlhanokwa Cape Maclear. 18] Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le dikete tse pedi le boraro ( 2003), go ne ga itsisiwe ka dithulaganyo tsa go aga ecolodge kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Maleri, gaufi le Cape Maclear.[ 19] Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano ( 2005), puso ya Malawi e ne ya itsise gore e ikaelela go oketsa bojanala jwa tikologo kwa Cape Maclear ka mafelo a mantšhwa a bonno le ditlamelo.[ Dithulaganyo tseno di ne tsa itshupa di le masisi thata mo ikonoming e e bokoa ya Malawi le mo intasetering ya bojanala. == Dipalangwa == Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), puso ya Malawi e ne ya itsise gore e ikaelela go aga tsela e ntšha go tswa kwa Cape Maclear go ya kwa Monkey Bay.[ Tsela ya ga jaana ke tsela e e makgwakgwa ya mmu,[22] mme ga go na dipalangwa tsa botlhe kwa Cape Maclear.[ Tirelo ya dibese tsa ka metlha e tsamaya fela go tswa kwa Lilongwe go ya Monkey Bay koo go ka hirwang dibese tse dinnye tsa poraefete go ya kwa Cape Maclear. == Tlhokomelo ya Botsogo == Kokelo ya Billy Riordan Memorial Clinic e ne ya tlhomiwa fano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone ( 2004) go alafa malwetse a a jaaka letshololo, bilharzia le malaria. Ga go na ditirelo tsa go tlhatlhoba malwetse kgotsa tsa go ara tse di dirwang kwa tliliniking. Mags Riordan o tlhomile tliliniki eno, ke mmaagwe monna mongwe yo o neng a nwela mo Letsha la Malawi, gaufi le Cape Maclear ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe ( 1999). Kokelwana e e tshegediwa ke Billy Malawi Project. 1][24] Bolwetse jwa Bilharzia bo tlwaelegile kwa Cape Maclear; ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi ( 2008) palo ya batho ba ba neng ba tshwerwe ke bolwetse jono kwa Cape Maclear e ne e feta ya ba bangwe ba ba neng ba tshwerwe ke bolwetse jono ka makgetlo a le mararo. 25] == Metshameko == Ngwaga le ngwaga ka selemo, go tshwarwa lobelo lwa malatsi a le mantsi lwa dikepe mo Letsheng la Malawi. Lobelo lo simolola kwa Cape Maclear, lo ya kwa bokone, mme lo felela kwa Nkhata Bay.[ 26] ih59b630qkeghzv7zvmwat2h7ld6a51 0 13619 50708 2026-06-15T09:09:56Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Wriggleswade #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Wriggleswade''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka mmu le majwe kwa nokeng ya Kubusi gaufi le Stutterheim kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1991, tirisokgolo ya lone e le mo ditirong tsa mmasepala le madirelo. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo.<ref>[https://www.amahlathi.gov.za/tourism/wriggleswade-dame/ "WRIGGLESWADE DAM – Amahlathi Local Municipality".] Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == d957hyaqgjojp8smwdkm8m9hu10q1lp 0 13620 50709 2026-06-15T09:16:09Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Débo 50709 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Niger River Center Island.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Debo]] '''Letsha la Débo''' ke letsha le le mo bogareng jwa [[Mali]], le le dirilweng ke merwalela ya dipaka ya noka ya Niger. E mo karolong e e kwa teng ya Niger Delta ya [[Noka ya Niger]]. Fa noka e na le metsi a mantsi, noka eno e e bopilweng ke matsha, melatswana le dinoka tse di kwa morago ga yone e nna karolo ya Letsha la Débo. Delta e e kwa teng e na le dikanala tse dintsi tse di sephara, tse di seng boteng mme di tletse ka metsi; delta eno e na le boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a robabobedi . Letsha la Débo ka nako ya dipula tse dikgolo, le bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le masome a robabobedi (50 mi) go tswa kwa Mopti kwa ntlheng ya kwa godimo, kwa ntlheng ya borwa le dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane (150 mi) go tswa kwa Timbuktu kwa ntlheng ya kwa tlase, kwa ntlheng ya bokonebotlhaba. Ke yone e kgolo go feta dinoka tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di leng teng mo kgaolong ya Niger Delta, e bile ke letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo Mali. Bogolo jwa yone bo fokotsega thata ka paka ya komelelo ya September go ya go March. Go nna teng ga letsha leno le le bidiwang "Letsha le Legolo" mo karolong e e kwa teng ya [[noka ya Niger]] fa gare ga Jenne le Timbuktu kwa Mali go tlhomamisiwa morago ga go ithuta ka botlalo dimmapa tsa kgaolo eno go tloga ka lekgolo go fitlha ka 1900 AD; go ne ga ithutiwa dimmapa di le makgolo a mane tsa nako eo. == Ditso == Letsha leno, le le bidiwang "Letsha le Legolo" le le mo teng ga noka ya Niger fa gare ga Jenne le Timbuktu kwa Mali, le ne le itsiwe ke Bayuropa go tloga bogologolo. Pego ya ntlha e e itsegeng ya yone e ne e le ya mileniamo wa ntlha pele ga Keresete. Ptolemy o ne a e tlhalosa e le e e bopegileng jaaka thobane. Patlisiso ya dimmapa tse di fetang makgolo a mane tsa kgaolo e e tlhamilweng mo pakeng ya sekete go ya go 1900 AD e fitlhetse gore letsha le ne le tlhagelela mo diperesenteng di le borobabongwe le borataro; selo se le nosi fela se se neng se tshwantshitswe mo dimmapeng tse di oketsegileng e ne e le Noka ya Nile.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130609232900/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html "The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Connection"]. Afriterra.org. Archived from [http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta.html the original] on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.</ref><ref name=":1">Gerald J. Rizzo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223241/http://www.afriterra.org/Research/InlandNigerDelta/InlandNigerDelta_files/v3_document.htm "The Inland Niger Delta: A Cartographic Beacon".] Afriterra Foundation. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2013-04-23.</ref><ref>Gerald J. Rizzo (2006). "The Patterns and Meaning of a Great Lake in West Africa". ''Imago Mundi''. 58 (Part 1): 80–89. doi:[[doi:10.1080/03085690500362439|10.1080/03085690500362439.]]</ref> Letsha le ne le itsege ka maina a a farologaneng jaaka Nigrite Palus, Lake Sigisma, Lake Guber, Lake Guarda, Bog/Morais of Guarda, Lake Maberia, Bahar Seafeena, Lake Dibbie, mme jaanong le itsege jaaka Lake Débo. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" />Noka ya Niger e lekanyeditswe jaaka noka e nnye ya dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi mme ga e ise e itsetsepele. Le fa go ntse jalo, ditsela tsa tlholego di fetogile thata. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024042541/https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf "Support Project for Wetland Management In the Inner Niger Delta"] (PDF). Cmsdata.iucn.org. Archived from [http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/inner_niger_delta_report.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == [[Setshwantsho:Lake Debo NASA.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Débo le le bonwang go tswa kwa lefaufaung]] Letsha leno le bopega fa dinoka tsa Niger le Bani di kopana. Ke letsha le le itsegeng thata la lacustrine kwa Mali, le le nang le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo (19 mi) mme le se boteng mme ka jalo dikepe tse dikgolo ga di kgone go feta mo letsheng. Mo dithabeng tse di kwa godimo tsa dinoka tseno, tsela e e sekameng e e mo dithabeng e bonolo thata mme seno se dira gore metsi a elele ka bonya mme go nne le letsha leno. Go ne ga begwa gore pele ga letsha leno le tlhamiwa, le ne le na le mokgokolosa wa dimetara di le 1,5 mo dikilometareng di le lekgolo le masome a marataro . [ 1] Letsha leno le kgaogantswe ke lobota ka dikarolo tse pedi, karolo e e kwa godimo le e e kwa tlase. Sekgoreletsi seno se atologa dikilometara di le mmalwa go ya kwa borwa. Kwa ntle ga legora leno, letsha le tshesane e bile le leele mme ga le bonale. 6] Noka ya Bara Lisa e kopana le noka ya Niger kwa godimo ga Dire. E tswa mo di-delta go tswa kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa bokone lwa Letsha la Debo mme e elela go ya kwa botlhaba. Noka ya Issa Baris, e e leng karolo e kgolo ya letsha leno, e tswa mo letsheng leno e lebile kwa bophirima mme e bo e retologela kwa bokone-botlhaba go ya go kopana le Noka ya Bara Lisa. 7] Dibopego tsa lefatshe tse di begilweng kwa tlase ga letsha leno di "tswa mo letlapeng le le kitlaneng le le galalelang la motlhaba wa motlhaba wa Precambrian le le kitlaneng mo Taoudeni Syncline e e atlhameng e le mofenyi wa lekgwamolelo mme le khurumeditswe ke letlapa le le thata la laterite e e dirilweng ka samente". Go nna le mekgokolosa e e sephaphathi le go nna le dipopego tsa lefatshe go ile ga dira gore go nne le go elela ga metsi mo go tseneletseng le mo go nang le dikanala tse dintsi, mme seno se ile sa dira gore go nne le delta e e kafa teng ya noka ya Niger. Ka jalo delta e e kwa teng e na le dikanala tse dintsi tse di sephara, tse di seng boteng le tse di tletseng metsi; delta eno e na le boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi (200 mi) le bophara jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a robabobedi (50 mi). Go tswa mo thutong ya dimmapa tse di ka nnang makgolo a mane go fopholediwa gore ke delta e e leng tshimologo ya letsha le gore letsha ke le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo delta.[ 1] Ke karolo e e botlhokwa ya noka e kgolo ya noka ka bogolo jwa yone bo fetofetoga ka go farologana ga metsi mo letsheng. [ 8] Gape e tlhomamisa gore metsi a a thibetsweng a ntse jang mme gape e akaretsa kgaolo ya Erg ya Bara. [ 9] Metsi a a tletseng thata mo letsheng le mo delta a nna teng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele le Sedimonthole.[ 10] Ka fa tlase ga letsha la Debo, mokgatšha wa Niger o na le matsha a le mantsi, a a kwa tlase ga metsi a noka. 11] E re ka e le karolo ya delta ya bogare, letsha leno ke lone le legolo go a gaisa otlhe. E re ka e le karolo ya Noka ya Niger, bogolo jwa yone bo farologana le go fetofetoga ga metsi.[8] mme go na le merwalela e mentsi mo nokeng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele le Sedimonthole.[ 10] Letsha leno le na le metsi a mantsi mo matlhakoreng otlhe. Noka e e bopegileng kwa ntlheng ya letsha e na le bophara jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro (6 mi) ka boleele jwa 10 km (6 mi) kwa tlase ga noka, kwa morago ga gore e fokotsege, e tshologela mo ditseleng di le dintsi; ditlhaketlhake tse di nang le matsha di a bopega mme boteng jwa metsi bo le mo magareng a 2.4 -3.0 m (8 -10 ft). Foolahs, e leng batho ba ba tsamayang ka dinao ba ba nnang mo lefelong leno, ba dirisa mafelo ano jaaka mafulo ka paka ya komelelo mme morago ga moo ba boela kwa mafelong a bone a bonno a a kwa teng ga lekadiba leno. 12] Ka nako ya fa go na le morwalela o mogolo, metsi a morwalela a fitlha mo letsheng ka selekanyo sa 12 400 m3/s (440 000 cu ft/s). Metsi ano a ne a tsenngwa mo letsheng le legolo leno, mme a bo a bewa mo go lone, ka jalo, metsi a a tswang mo letsheng leno a fokotsega go nna 2,400 m3/s (85,000 cu ft/s) fela fa a fitlha kwa Niamey, motsemoshate wa Niger. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi (1962), le fa e le 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s) ya tlaleletso e e tswang mo letsheng e ka dira gore metsi a oketsege ka 2 m mo lefelong la Niamey, go fitlha go 181.51 metres (595 ft 6 in).[ 13] == Seemo sa loapi == Letsha leno le le kwa Sahel, le le kwa borwa jwa sekaka sa Sahara, le na le maemo a tlelaemete a go begwang gore ke a a fetogang go tswa mo seemong sa loapi se se bongola ya kwa Guinea kwa borwa go ya kwa tlelaemeteng e e omileng kwa molelwaneng wa Sahara. Nako ya dipula kwa borwa e simolola ka Phukwi go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Phalane, ka palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya 750 mm (30 in). Le fa go ntse jalo, paka ya dipula kwa bokone e simolola ka Phukwi go fitlha ka Lwetse, ka palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya 250 mm (9.8 in). Dithemperetšha di farologana thata go ya ka dipaka. Palogare ya themperetšha e e kwa godimo e e neng ya begiwa ka Motsheganong kwa Tombouctou ke 43 °C (109 °F) mme kwa Mopti ke 40 °C (104 °F). Setlha sa tlelaemete se se tsididi ke go tloga ka Sedimonthole go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka dithemperetšha tse di welang kwa tlase go fitlha go 3 °C (37 °F) go ya go 6 °C (43 °F) kwa karolong e e kwa bokone ya Letsha. 14] Letsha la Débo ka nako ya dipula tse di nang le metsi a mantsi, le dikilometara di le masome a robabobedi go tswa kwa Mopti kwa ntlheng ya borwa, le dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane go tswa kwa Timbuktu kwa ntlheng ya bokone-botlhaba. Ke yone e kgolo go feta dinoka tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di leng teng mo kgaolong ya Niger Delta, e bile ke letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo Mali. Bogolo jwa yone bo fokotsega thata ka paka ya komelelo ya September go ya go Mopitlwe. 15][16] == Metswedi == kuzfo5u39xky78mlc1hhiflcapjtxjs 0 13621 50711 2026-06-15T09:20:06Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Woodstock #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Woodstock''' le kwa godimo ga Tugela, kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] ke lone motswedi mogolo wa porojeke ya Thukela-Vaal.<ref name=":0">[https://ewisa.co.za/ "Woodstock Dam".] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100114155658/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/DamKZNWoodstock/default.htm Archived] from the original on 2010-01-14. Retrieved 2026-06-15</ref> Letamo le le agilwe ka 1982, le na le selekanyo sa dimithara di le makgolo mararo masome supa le boraro,<ref name=":0" /> le bophara jwa 29.12, lebotana la letamo ke dimithara di le masome matlhano le bone go ya kwa godimo.<ref>[https://naijaquest.com/biggest-dams-in-south-africa/ "Top 10 Biggest Dams In South Africa 2020 – Information".] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210116060516/https://naijaquest.com/biggest-dams-in-south-africa/ Archived] from the original on 2021-01-16. Retrieved 2026-06-15</ref> Letamo le dirisediwa ditiro tsa mmasepala le go isa metsi kwa madirelong, kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo thata. [[Setshwantsho:Drakensberg Hydropower.png|left|thumb|Maemo a Woodstock mo porojekeng ya Drankensberg]] == Metswedi == p7l4oiqrc0ux0vp45295qlstf6nt3bs 0 13622 50712 2026-06-15T09:28:08Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Faguibine 50712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Faguibine''' e ne e le letsha kwa [[Mali]] kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa Sekaka sa [[Sahara]] le le dikilometara di le masome a robabobedi kwa bophirima jwa Timbuktu le dikilometara di le masome a supa le botlhano kwa bokone jwa [[Noka ya Niger]] e e golagantsweng le yone ke tsamaiso ya matsha a mannye le dikanala. Mo dingwageng tse noka e nang le metsi a mantsi ka tsone, metsi a tswa mo nokeng a bo a tsena mo letsheng. Fa e sale komelelo ya kwa Sahel ka ngwaga wa bo selete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi letsha leno le ne le sa tlhole le na le metsi. Metsi ga a ise a ko a fitlhe mo letsheng leno mme le fa a ka fitlha, letsha leno le ne le tletse ka metsi fela go se kae. Seno se bakile gore tikologo ya lefelo leo e senyege go se kae. [[Setshwantsho:Faguibine mali.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Faguibine (le le bopegileng jaaka lerumo) go tswa mo lefaufaung, April 1991. Noka ya Niger e bontshitswe kwa tlase kafa mojeng, Letsha la Oro kwa tlase kafa molemeng le Letsha la Fati kwa tlase kafa mojeng]] Ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe , Letšha la Figuibine le ne le omile gotlhelele. <ref>[https://www.icrcnewsroom.org/story/fr/1968/mali-climate-change-transforms-lake-faguibine-into-desert-exiling-population "Changement climatique au Mali : le désert engloutit le lac Faguibine, la population poussée à l'exode".] ''Multimedia Newsroom of the International Committee of the Red Cross''. 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2021-09-29.</ref> == Letšha la Faguibine == Letsha leno ke karolo ya thulaganyo ya dikhuti tse tlhano tse di golaganeng tse di kwa tlase tse di tletseng ka boteng jo bo sa tshwaneng go ikaegile ka gore Noka ya Niger e elela go le kana kang ngwaga le ngwaga. Letsha la Faguibine ke lone le legolo go gaisa mo go a mangwe ka bogolo jwa 590 km2.<ref>[[:en:Lake_Faguibine#CITEREFHamerlynckChirambaPardo2009|Hamerlynck, Chiramba & Pardo 2009, p. 2]]</ref><ref>.</ref> Pula e e kwa tlase ya ngwaga le ngwaga mo lefelong leno (e e kwa tlase ga 200 mm) e na le seabe se sennye fela mo maemong a metsi mo mafelong a a kwa tlase. Metsi ano a a kwa tlase a golaganngwa le Noka ya Niger ka melatswana e mebedi. Noka e e kwa borwa ya Kondi e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a marataro le bone e tswa mo nokeng ya Niger dikilometara di sekae go ela kwa tlase ga Diré mme e bo e kgabaganya lebala le le nang le metsi la Killi. Mosele o mogolo o o kwa bokone wa Tassakane (o boleele jwa dikilometara di le 104) o tswa kwa Nokeng ya Niger go ela kwa tlase gaufi le Korioumé mme o bo o kgabaganya lebala le le nang le merwalela la Kessou. Dikanale tse pedi di kopana go bopa kanale e le nngwe kwa botlhaba jwa Goundam e e elelang kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa Letsha la Télé morago ga dikilometara tse dingwe tse masome a mabedi .[ 5] Letsha la Télé le golagane le letsha la Takara kwa ntlheng ya lona ya bokone. Metsi a tswa kwa ntlheng e e kwa bokone ya Letsha la Takara, a kgabaganya lekgwamolelo le le tletseng matlapa kwa Kamaïna mme go tswa foo a bo a leba kwa bophirima a feta mo motseng wa Bintagoungou go fitlha kwa Letsha la Faguibine. Letsha la Télé le Letsha la Takara di tshwanetse go tlala ka botlalo pele metsi a ka elela go ralala thanele kwa Kamaïna mme a bo a simolola go tlatsa Letsha la Faguibine. Ka tsela e e tshwanang dikhuti tse pedi tse di kwa botlhaba jwa Letsha la Faguibine (Letsha la Kamango le Letsha la Gouber) di simolola go tlala fela fa Letsha la Faguibine le sena go tlala.[ Go tlatsa 590 km2 ya Letsha la Faguibine ka botlalo go tlhoka 4 km3 ya metsi. Seno se emela diperesente di ka nna lesome le bosupa tsa palogare ya metsi a a tshologang mo nokeng ya Niger (1970-1998) kwa Diré. 7] Bodiba jwa letsha leno bo nonne thata mme maemo a a siametseng balemirui ba ba nnang fela ke fa letsha leno le tletse ka bontlhanngwe fela. Seno se dira gore go kgonege go lema dijalo go dikologa molelwane wa letsha le go godisa Echinochloa stagnina ("bourgou") mo mafelong a a kwa tlase gore go nne le mafulo ka paka ya komelelo. Thulaganyo eno e tlhoka metsi a mannye thata  ⁇  fela mo e ka nnang 0.5 km3.[ 8] == Metswedi == 4if8cxj7cs34ln8pieyv6ugv83vq0l7 0 13623 50713 2026-06-15T09:34:22Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Wolwedans #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Wolwedans''' ke letamo la lekgarapana kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] le le kwa nokeng ya Great Brak, gaufi le Mossel Bay kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Letamo le ke motswedi mogolo wa metsi wa mmasepala wa Mossel Bay ga mmogo le kwa go tlhotlhiwang lookwane la gase go nna metsi kwa PetroSA. Letamo le, le nosa mmasepala le madirelo. == Kago == [[Setshwantsho:Wolwedansdam vanaf suidooste.jpg|left|thumb|Letamo la Wolwedans]] Le feditswe ka 1990 a simologa, ke lone la ntlha mo lefatsheng go agiwa ka lekgarapana le ikaegile ka lebotana le le konegileng gore le kgone go itshwarelela. Letamo le le dimithara di le masome a supa go ya kwa godimo. == Metswedi == kc7pgehvuq0whkpystgcm0xw34cvcsv 0 13624 50714 2026-06-15T09:36:22Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Gossi 50714 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mali relief location map.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Gossi]] '''Letsha la Gossi''', gape le itsiwe jaaka Mare de Grossi, ke metsi a a gaufi le [[Gossi mo Cercle of Gourma-Rharous]] mo Kgaolong ya Tombouctou ya [[Mali]]. Letsha leno le gaufi le toropo ya [[Gossi.]] Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), fa pula e ne e na go le gonnye go feta ka tlwaelo, go ne ga nna le kgaisano ya go dirisa lefatshe fa gare ga batho ba ba neng ba fudisa dikgomo le ba ba neng ba roba dithoro tsa fonio. Dikgomo di ne di fetsa dikwatara di le tharo tsa nako ya tsone di fula gaufi le dintshi tsa letsha kgotsa mo mafelong a a kwa tlase. <ref>[[:en:Lake_Gossi#CITEREFMiaga1991|Miaga 1991]], p. 9.</ref> Ka paka ya komelelo, batho ba [[Tamasheq]] ba kgaolo ba ikaega ka letsha jaaka motswedi wa botlhokwa wa metsi, tharabololo ya bona e le nngwe fela ke dikhuti le didiba go fitlhelela metsi a a ka nnang dimetara di le masome a matlhano ka fa tlase ga lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:Lake_Gossi#CITEREFHill2012|Hill 2012,]] p. 18.</ref> Letsha leno le na le mefuta e mentsi ya dinonyane tsa metsi. <ref>[[:en:Lake_Gossi#CITEREFVelton2004|Ham 2009,]] p. 529.</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), letsha leno le ne le etelwa ke ditlou tse di tonanyana ka dinako tse dingwe ka Ferikgong kgotsa Tlhakole. <ref>[[:en:Lake_Gossi#CITEREFVelton2004|Velton 2004,]] p. 206</ref> Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le borataro (1846), masole a batho ba Ba-Tuareg mo kgaolong ya Timbuktu a ne a gakgamala mme a fenngwa ke masole a Fula a a neng a tswa kwa Mmusomogolong wa Massina a eteletswe pele ke Balobbo. Ka ntlha ya seo, ka nakwana, Timbuktu gape e ne ya nna kafa tlase ga taolo ya [[Amadu II wa Masina.]] <ref>[[:en:Lake_Gossi#CITEREFAjayi1989|Ajayi 1989]], p. 609.</ref> == Metswedi == tnu5diw3d469iydwpvy4v24dfh0c0cp 0 13625 50715 2026-06-15T09:43:22Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lake Manantali 50715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Manantali''' ke letsha le legolo la maitirelo, le le dirilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe ka go agiwa ga [[Letamo la Manantali]], mo nokeng ya Bafing kwa Mali. Ntlha ya yone e e kwa bokone e dikilometara di le masome a robabongwe kwa borwabotlhaba jwa toropo ya [[Bafoulabé.]] == Bogolo == Letsha la Manantali le na le bogolo jwa 477 km2 mme le na le metsi a le dimilione di le 11,3 m3. Go bopega ga one go ne ga pateletsa batho ba le dikete tse lesome le bobedi go tswa mo magaeng a bone mme ga khurumetsa sekgwa sa bogolo jwa 120 km2. Letsha leno le ne la fedisa merwalela ya dinoka tsa Bafing le Senegal, mme la senya temothuo ya setso e e neng e ikaegile ka merwalela ya setlha. Letsha leno gape le nnile le melemo e mengwe: go kgona go tsamaya ka dikepe ka tsela e e tlhomameng fa letamo le le kafa tlase ga metsi, go nosetsa lefatshe le le dikologileng letsha leno le go le dirisa go dira kgwebo ya go tshwara ditlhapi. Letamo ka bolone le tlamela maatla a motlakase wa metsi mo karolong e kgolo ya kgaolo. <ref>[http://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011 Peter Bosshard. A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal),] [[:en:Erklärung_von_Bern|Erklärung von Bern/internationalrivers.]] March 1, 1999</ref> == Metswedi == [[Setshwantsho:Manantali dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Manantali]] [[Setshwantsho:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|Letsha la Manantali]] aofisw2e7tglmnsa2p91dlis30gla06 0 13626 50716 2026-06-15T09:57:40Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Bafing 50716 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Pirogue Bozo sur le Bafing.jpeg|thumb|Noka ya Bafing]] '''Noka ya Bafing''' (Manding for "noka e ntsho", French) <ref name=":0">Mohamed Saliou Camara; Thomas O'Toole; Janice E. Baker (7 November 2013). ''H[https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 istorical Dictionary of Guinea]''[https://books.google.com/books?id=TfcKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 .] Scarecrow Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-8108-7969-0</ref>ke noka e tona ya [[Noka ya Senegal]]<ref>M. van der Knaap; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1994). ''S[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&pg=RA1-PA19 tatus of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs]''. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 19. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-5-103581-8|<bdi>978-92-5-103581-8</bdi>.]]</ref> e e fetang ka [[Guinea]] le [[Mali]] mme e boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a marataro. == Tsela == Fonta Djallon kwa Guinea ke motswedi wa Noka ya Bafing, 30 miles (48 km) bokone jwa Mamou. <ref name=":0" /> E elela sebaka sa dikilometara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a marataro <ref>Rand McNally and Company (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6vZWAAAAMAAJ ''Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World Rivers''.] Rand McNally. p. 9.</ref> mme e kopana le Noka ya Bakoy go kopana le Noka ya Senegal kwa bophirima jwa Afrika.<ref>.</ref><ref>.</ref>Noka ya Bafing ke yone e kgolo go gaisa dinoka tse dingwe tsa [[Noka ya Senegal]], mme e na le metsi a a ka nnang halofo ya metsi otlhe a yone. <ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GzA9AAAAYAAJ Development Anthropology Network: Bulletin of the Institute for Development Anthropology]''. The Institute for Development Anthropology. 1982. p. 10.</ref>Bafing e bopa karolo ya molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga Guinea le Mali. <ref>[[:en:Ian_Brownlie|Brownlie, Ian]] (1979). ''African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia''. Institute for International Affairs, Hurst and Co. pp. 310–13.</ref> == Go nosetsa == Metsi a a neng a elela go tswa mo Nokeng ya Bafing go bapa le Noka ya Senegal a ne a ntse a dirisiwa go tshegetsa temothuo ya mo lefelong leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, leuba la dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le ne la dira gore go agiwe matamo mo nokeng ya Bafing le ya Senegal. Letamo la motlakase wa metsi la Manantali, le le weditsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987),<ref>Itzchak Kornfeld (31 January 2020). [https://books.google.com/books?id=l_3LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109 ''Mega-Dams and Indigenous Human Rights''.] Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 109. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-78643-549-1|<bdi>978-1-78643-549-1</bdi>.]]</ref> le mo nokeng ya Bafing dikilometara di le masome a robabongwe kwa godimo ga Bafoulabé. E dira letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe la maitirelo kwa Mali, e leng Letsha la Manantali. Letamo leno le boloka metsi a a ka nnang dikubita tsa dikilometara di le 11,3 a a dirisediwang go dira gore diterekere di nne le maatla ka nako ya komelelo. Ka ntlha ya seno, maatla a morwalela a fokotsegile mme ka nako ya komelelo, go nna le phallo ya magareng ga 150 m3/s (200 cubic yards ka motsotswana) le 200 m3/s (260 cubic yards ka motsotswana). <ref>.</ref> == Tikologo == Go ka nna ga nna le palo e e kwa godimo ya ditshwene mo lefelong le le kwa botlhaba jwa Noka ya Bafing. <ref>Rebecca Kormos (2003). ''[https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2003-059.pdf West African Chimpanzees: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan]'' (PDF). IUCN. p. 48.</ref>Nonyane e e jang dinotshe e e nang le tlhogo e tala (merops muelleri) le yone e kile ya bonwa kwa sekgweng se se mo nokeng e e kwa borwa jwa [[Dithaba tsa Manding.]]<ref>C. Hilary Fry (30 September 2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zoQ9aIbU48MC&pg=PA47 The Bee-Eaters]''. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 47. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-3687-4|<bdi>978-1-4081-3687-4</bdi>.]]</ref> == Metswedi == 4apxhrmry3xlmfsj041xhn7ac2hlzak 0 13627 50717 2026-06-15T10:03:18Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Chalumna #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Chalumna|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Chalumna|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|mouth=Lewatle la Indian|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]]|elevation_m=0|length=78 km}} '''Noka ya Chalumna''' ke noka e e kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le masome a supa le borobabobedi, e kwa bokopanong jwa dinoka tse pedi tse dipotlana, noka ya Qugwala kwa bophirima le ya Mtyolo kwa botlhaba. E tshela kwa lewatleng la Indian gaufi le lotshitshi lwa Kayser. Lefelo le e le nosang la dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mane, masome a mane le motso ke nngwe ya dikgampu tsa dinoka e nnye thata mo lotshitshing lwa botlhaba jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E tshelwa ke dinoka tsa Nyatyora, Nxwashu, Quru le Mpintso kwa molemeng le Rode, Twecu le Tsaba kwa mojeng. Molomo wa yone o dikhilomithara di le masome mane le botlhano kwa borwa bophirima jwa nokeng ya Buffalo kwa [[East London]]. Tlhapi ya African longfin eel e tlwaelesegile mo nokeng e.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/ecape_04/Chalumna%20Summer%202009.pdf Chalumna River Assessment]</ref> == Ditso == Captain Hendrik Goosen o ne a tshwara tlhapi gaufi le molomo wa noka e ka 18938, e le nngwe ya tse Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer a di somaretseng. Tlhapi e morago e ne ya supiwa e le ya mofuta wa coelacanth,e pele go neng go akanngwa e sa tlhole e le teng e itsewe fela ka dikwalo tsa bogologolo. Morago ga go lemoga se, leina la noka ya Chalumna le n la nna bontlha jwa leina la maranyane la mofuta o Latimeria Chalumnae.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080918165927/http://www.saiab.ac.za/index.php?pid=11 Historical Highlights"]. The South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. 14 September 2008. Archived from [https://saiab.ac.za/?pid=11 the original] on 18 September 2008. <q>JLB Smith, a Chemistry Professor at Rhodes University, publishes his description of Latimeria chalumnae</q></ref> Mo ditsong noka ya Chalumna e ne e dira molelwane kwa bokone wa kwa e nenge le lotshitshi lwa Ciskei go fitlhelela ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 1994 fa dikgaolo tsotlhe tsa sepolotiki tsa nako ya puso ya tlhaolele di busediwa mo [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa.]] == Metswedi == i4axqndvn33g872h8m9nyzn5ermudpt 0 13628 50718 2026-06-15T10:24:35Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358656477|River Sondu Miriu]]" 50718 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Noka ya Sondu Miriu''' ke noka e e atologileng kwa bophirima jwa Kenya e e elelang kwa Letsheng la Victoria . E na le seabe se segolo mo go tsa metsi, go tlhagisa maatla, go farologana ga mefuta ya ditshedi le ngwao-boswa ya kgaolo eno. Metsi a noka a akaretsa dikarolo tsa dikgaolo tsa Kericho, Kisumu, Nyando le Homa Bay, e leng se se dirang gore e nne motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi mo setšhabeng, mo temothuong le mo tlhabololong ya setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ochieng |first=Willis Owino |last2=Oludhe |first2=Christopher |last3=Dulo |first3=Simeon |last4=Olaka |first4=Lydia |date=2022 |title=Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Hydropower Development in Sondu Miriu Basin |journal=Advances in Meteorology |language=en |volume=2022 |issue=1 |bibcode=2022AdMet202285960O |doi=10.1155/2022/6485960 |issn=1687-9317 |doi-access=free |article-number=6485960}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya: Resistance to the Sondu Miriu Dam project {{!}} World Rainforest Movement |url=https://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin-articles/kenya-resistance-to-the-sondu-miriu-dam-project |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=www.wrm.org.uy |language=en}}</ref> == Thutafatshe le khoso == Noka ya Sondu Miriu e simologa kwa Mau Escarpment mo kgaolong ya Rift Valley mme e elela ka Bomet, Kericho le Kisumu pele e elela mo Letsheng la Victoria. Mosima wa yone o akaretsa dikilometara di ka nna 3,470 mme o akaretsa mafelo a a nang le dithotobolo, dithaba tse di nang le dikgwa le dipolase tsa temothuo. == Maatla a motlakase == Noka e na le Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Sondu Miriu, porojeke ya 60 MW e e tsamaisiwang ke Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). Porojeke e simolotse ka 1999, mme e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka 2008, mme e na le seabe se segolo mo kgwebong ya motlakase ya bosetšhaba ya Kenya. Mo godimo ga moo, Sang'oro Hydroelectric Power Station e ne ya agiwa moragonyana go dirisa metsi a a ntshitsweng go tswa kwa Sondu Miriu, go oketsa ka 20 MW ya maatla a a ntšhwafaditsweng. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sondu |url=https://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php/olkaria/sondu.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=www.kengen.co.ke}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sondu Miriu power project to ease energy crisis in western Kenya - Business Daily |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Sondu-Miriu-power-project-to-ease-energy-crisis-in-western-Kenya/-/539546/1216804/-/12wc4gdz/-/index.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=www.businessdailyafrica.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of Sondu Miriu Hydro Power Project – H Young & Co. (E.A.) Ltd |url=https://hyoung.com/portfolio/construction-of-sondu-miriu-hydro-power-project/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Durrant & Company International Ltd - Africa Project |url=https://durrantinternational.com/ProjectPage_africa6.htm |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=durrantinternational.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=By |date=2009-07-24 |title=Kenya launches Sondu Miriu power plant |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2009/07/kenya-launches-sondu-miriu-power-plant/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Capital Business |language=en-US}}</ref> == Botlhokwa jwa setso == Noka eno e botlhokwa thata mo setsong sa batho ba ba nnang kwa bophirima jwa Kenya, segolobogolo ba morafe wa Ba-Luo. E rotloetsa ditiro tsa setso tsa go tshwara ditlhapi e bile mo hisitoring ya lefelo leno e tsewa e le motswedi wa metsi a a boitshepo le a tshwantshetso. == Bona gape == * Thutafatshe ya Kenya * Lenaane la dinoka tsa Kenya == Ditshupiso == <references /> [[Karolo:Dinoka tsa Kenya]] twefu26kjtf9hq0nde3ejos3spfkr06 50719 50718 2026-06-15T10:29:42Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse senepe 50719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kavirondo-Nasa--ISS.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Sondu Miriu]]   '''Noka ya Sondu Miriu''' ke noka e e atologileng kwa bophirima jwa Kenya e e elelang kwa Letsheng la Victoria . E na le seabe se segolo mo go tsa metsi, go tlhagisa maatla, go farologana ga mefuta ya ditshedi le ngwao-boswa ya kgaolo eno. Metsi a noka a akaretsa dikarolo tsa dikgaolo tsa Kericho, Kisumu, Nyando le Homa Bay, e leng se se dirang gore e nne motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi mo setšhabeng, mo temothuong le mo tlhabololong ya setšhaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ochieng |first=Willis Owino |last2=Oludhe |first2=Christopher |last3=Dulo |first3=Simeon |last4=Olaka |first4=Lydia |date=2022 |title=Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Hydropower Development in Sondu Miriu Basin |journal=Advances in Meteorology |language=en |volume=2022 |issue=1 |bibcode=2022AdMet202285960O |doi=10.1155/2022/6485960 |issn=1687-9317 |doi-access=free |article-number=6485960}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya: Resistance to the Sondu Miriu Dam project {{!}} World Rainforest Movement |url=https://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin-articles/kenya-resistance-to-the-sondu-miriu-dam-project |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=www.wrm.org.uy |language=en}}</ref> == Thutafatshe le khoso == Noka ya Sondu Miriu e simologa kwa Mau Escarpment mo kgaolong ya Rift Valley mme e elela ka Bomet, Kericho le Kisumu pele e elela mo Letsheng la Victoria. Mosima wa yone o akaretsa dikilometara di ka nna 3,470 mme o akaretsa mafelo a a nang le dithotobolo, dithaba tse di nang le dikgwa le dipolase tsa temothuo. == Maatla a motlakase == Noka e na le Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Sondu Miriu, porojeke ya 60 MW e e tsamaisiwang ke Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen). Porojeke e simolotse ka 1999, mme e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka 2008, mme e na le seabe se segolo mo kgwebong ya motlakase ya bosetšhaba ya Kenya. Mo godimo ga moo, Sang'oro Hydroelectric Power Station e ne ya agiwa moragonyana go dirisa metsi a a ntshitsweng go tswa kwa Sondu Miriu, go oketsa ka 20 MW ya maatla a a ntšhwafaditsweng. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sondu |url=https://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php/olkaria/sondu.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=www.kengen.co.ke}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sondu Miriu power project to ease energy crisis in western Kenya - Business Daily |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Sondu-Miriu-power-project-to-ease-energy-crisis-in-western-Kenya/-/539546/1216804/-/12wc4gdz/-/index.html |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=www.businessdailyafrica.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of Sondu Miriu Hydro Power Project – H Young & Co. (E.A.) Ltd |url=https://hyoung.com/portfolio/construction-of-sondu-miriu-hydro-power-project/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Durrant & Company International Ltd - Africa Project |url=https://durrantinternational.com/ProjectPage_africa6.htm |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=durrantinternational.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=By |date=2009-07-24 |title=Kenya launches Sondu Miriu power plant |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2009/07/kenya-launches-sondu-miriu-power-plant/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Capital Business |language=en-US}}</ref> == Botlhokwa jwa setso == Noka eno e botlhokwa thata mo setsong sa batho ba ba nnang kwa bophirima jwa Kenya, segolobogolo ba morafe wa Ba-Luo. E rotloetsa ditiro tsa setso tsa go tshwara ditlhapi e bile mo hisitoring ya lefelo leno e tsewa e le motswedi wa metsi a a boitshepo le a tshwantshetso. == Bona gape == * Thutafatshe ya Kenya * Lenaane la dinoka tsa Kenya == Ditshupiso == <references /> [[Karolo:Dinoka tsa Kenya]] g8enmbrqc7y3mtrxlk0dx39qt5x3icn 0 13629 50720 2026-06-15T10:31:34Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Duiwenhoks #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Duiwenhoks''', e e kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], e tshelwa ke dithaba tsa Langeberg e elelela kwa borwa kwa lotshitshing,e tsena kwa bophirima jwa Mossel Bay kwa [[Kapa Borwa]]. Noka e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le masome a robabobedi le boraro ka lefelo le e le nosang la dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a mararo le masome a mane. [[Noka ya Noukrans]] e tshela mo go yoe. Letamo la Duiwenhoks le mo nokeng e. == Metswedi == n44mz58h7ckf3h4kh2pvpxp3f07n53k 0 13630 50721 2026-06-15T10:32:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letamo la Manantali 50721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|Letamo la Manantali]] [[Setshwantsho:Manantali dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Manantali]] '''Letamo la Manantali''' (French) ke letamo le le dirisetswang merero e mentsi mo nokeng ya Bafing mo lekadibeng la Noka ya Senegal, dikhilometara di le 90 (56 mi) kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Bafoulabé, kwa Kgaolong ya Kayes ya Mali. == Ditso == Thulaganyo ya go aga letamo le e simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi fa Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Noka ya Senegal (Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal, kgotsa OMVS) e ne ya tlhomiwa ke Mali, Mauritania le Senegal go tlhabolola temothuo le maatla a motlakase wa metsi a letsha. Banka ya Lefatshe e ne ya gana go tshegetsa letamo leno ka madi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabongwe , ka go bo e ne e tsaya gore ga le na mosola. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga bonwa madi go tswa kwa Yuropa mme go agiwa ga letamo leno go ne ga simololwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi . E ne ya wediwa go agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi , mme go ne go sa agiwa lefelo la go fetlha motlakase ka metsi. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe Ntwa ya molelwane wa Mauritania le Senegal e ne ya emisa tiro yotlhe ya porojeke eno. Mmegadikgang mongwe wa Mo-Switzerland yo o neng a etela kwa Manantali ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedio ne a tlhalosa porojeke eno e le "koloi ya manobonobo e e se nang enjene". Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro Carl- Dieter Spranger, yo ka nako eo e neng e le tona ya Jeremane ya thuso ya tlhabololo, o ne a bitsa Manantali a re ke "selo se se sa utlwaleng mo go tsa itsholelo le tikologo". Fa ntwa e ne e khutla ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe , OMVS e ne ya batla kadimo e ntšha ya motlakase wa metsi, e kgabagare e neng ya dirwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa .<ref name=":0">Peter Bosshard, [[:en:International_Rivers|International Rivers]]:[http://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011 A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal)], 1 March 1999</ref> Letamo le le simolotse go tlhagisa motlakase wa Senegal, Mali le Mauritania ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001). <ref name=":1">Banque allemande de développement (KfW) Banque européenne d’investissement (BEI) Agence Française de Développement (AFD (2009)[http://www.eib.org/attachments/ev/ev_manantali_rapport_de_synthese_fr.pdf . "Joint ex post evaluation of the Manantali dam project"] (PDF). Retrieved 24 July 2011.</ref> Gompieno letamo le laolwa ke Manantali Energy Management Company, Société de gestion de l'énergie de Manantali (SOGEM) e e tlhamilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa 1997. SOGEM le yone e saenetse konteraka ya konteraka ya dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le khampani ya poraefete ya EEM, e e leng setlamo se se kafa tlase ga kompone ya motlakase ya Aforika Borwa ya ESKOM, go tsamaisa semela seno. OMVS e emetswe mo lekgotleng la SOGEM.<ref name=":1" /> Eskom e tsentse mo tumalanong le SOGEM go e fedisa go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane e rogwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso 2011, go ya ka pegelo ya matlotlo ya (2011) ya kompone, ka go tsopola "mathata a konteraka mo go diragatseng konteraka". <ref>Eskom Holdings Limited (2011). ''E[http://financialresults.co.za/2011/eskom_ar2011/downloads/eskom-ar2011.pdf skom Integrated Report 2011]'' (PDF). Johannesburg: Eskom. p. 288. Retrieved 25 July 2011.</ref> == Ditshenyegelo le go duelelwa ga tsone == Palogotlhe ya ditshenyegelo tsa letamo leno, le madirelo a lone a motlakase o o fetlhiwang ka metsi, go rengwa ga dikgwa mo letamong le le tlileng go nna gone mo isagweng, dipatlisiso le "dikgato tse di oketsegileng" e ne e le di-euro di le dibilione di le 1,02. Ditshenyegelo tsa go aga letamo la Diama le le tsamaelanang le lone le le kwa tlase ga noka e ne e le di-euro di le dimilione di le masome a matlhano tsa tlaleletso. Letamo leno le ne la duelelwa mmogo ke batho ba le lesome le borataro ba ba neng ba ntsha madi, go akaretsa le Jeremane (14%) le Fora (13%) le dinaga tse di dirang mmogo mo go tsa tlhabololo, African Development Bank, World Bank, European Investment Bank, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait le United Nations Development Program. Dinaga tse tharo tsa Aforika tse di neng di solegelwa molemo le tsone di ne tsa thusa ka madi. 64% ya madi a a tswang kwa dinageng di sele e ne e le ka dikadimo tse di bonolo le 36% ka dimpho. European Community, Islamic Development Bank, West African Development Bank, le Nordic Development Fund le tsone di ne tsa thusa ka madi. Puso ya Norway e ne ya gana go duelela go agiwa ga letamo leno ka ntlha ya go tshwenyega ka tsela e le amang batho ka yone. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 8oja9hyfu5mlm2g1os60le1cr9hx4ry 0 13631 50722 2026-06-15T10:47:08Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Sélingué 50722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Sélingué''' ke letsha la maitirelo la 409 km2 kwa Kgaolong ya Sikasso ya Mali, le le bopilweng ke letamo la Sélingué Hydroelectric mo Nokeng ya Sankarani. Karolo ya yone e e kwa borwabophirima e dira karolo ya molelwane le Guinea. Letsha la Sélingué, le le tlhatlogang le go wela ka dipaka tsa dipula le tsa komelelo, le letla temothuo mo mafelong a a nosediwang, a a laolwang ke Ofisi ya Tlhabololo ya Metsemagae ya Sélingué, mmogo le go tshwara ditlhapi. Fa e sa le letsha leno le tlhomiwa, go ile ga nna le metse e mentsi e e agilweng go bapa le lone, e megolo go gaisa e mebedi ya yone e leng La Carrière le Faraba. Go tshwara ditlhapi mo letsheng leno go thapisa batho ba ba fetang dikete di robabobedi mo mafelong a a farologaneng a go tshwarwang ditlhapi mo go one, mme go tshwarwa mo e ka nnang ditone di le dikete tse nne ka ngwaga. Bontsi jwa ditlhapi tse di leng teng kwa Bamako di tswa kwa Letsheng la Sélingué. <ref>Knaap, M. van der. Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs. CIFA Technical Paper. No. 26. Rome, FAO. 1994. 107p.</ref> Letsha la Sélingué fa le bonwa go tswa kwa lefaufaung. Sélingué ke letsha la bobedi le legolo la maitirelo kwa Mali morago ga Letsha la Manantali, le le tlhodilweng ke go agiwa ga [[Letamo la Manantali]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1988) == Metswedi == fsn9bvz2ak28gx7i744h2i7da93o5t8 0 13632 50723 2026-06-15T10:53:19Z ~2026-35140-39 12874 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Lac de Mâl 50723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lac de Mâl'''<ref>[http://www.geonames.org/2598201/lac-de-mal.html GeoNames]</ref>ke letsha mo kgaolong ya Brakna ya Mauritania, 65 km (40 mi) botlhaba borwa-botlhaba jwa Aleg. Letsha leno le nna le ntse le le teng mme le nosediwa thata ke noka ya Oued Leye. Botona jwa yone bo farologana go tswa go diheketara di le dikete tse thano, makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya dipula go ya go diheketara di le makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa (diheketara di le 2 100). Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la go nna la mefuta e e farologaneng ya dinonyane. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160114182145/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AfricaCntryPDFs/Mauritania.pdf "Archived copy"] (PDF). Archived from [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AfricaCntryPDFs/Mauritania.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2016-03-30.</ref> == Metswedi == 3bktkmohwrpzf72zmwc3d1ttcqieehc 0 13633 50724 2026-06-15T11:05:46Z ~2026-35079-97 12875 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la R'Kiz 50724 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:AS06-02-0938 - Apollo 6 - Apollo 6 Mission Image - Mauritania and Senegal - NARA - 16658550.jpg|thumb|Letsha la R'Kiz]] '''Letsha la R'Kiz''' kgotsa '''Rkiz,''' le le itsegeng jaaka '''Letsha la Cayor''' kgotsa '''Cayar''', <ref name=":0">Wade, Amadou, 1964, "Chronique du Walo sénégalais (1186-1855)", B. Cissé trans., V. Monteil, editor, Bulletin de l'IFAN, Series B, Vol. 26, no. 3/4, 454.</ref> ke letsha le le kwa borwa jwa [[Mauritania]] ka botona jwa 12,970 ha. [<ref name=":1">[https://dahiti.dgfi.tum.de/en/2865/ "Rkiz, Lake".] ''Database for Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters (DAHITI)''. [[:en:Deutsches_Geodätisches_Forschungsinstitut|Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut]]. Retrieved 19 July 2020.</ref> == Ditso == Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele 1087, go ne ga nna le ntwa magareng ga moeteledipele wa [[Serer]], Amar Godomat le moeteledipele wa Ba-Almoravid, [[Abu Bakr ibn Umar]], koo wa bofelo a neng a fenngwa mme a bolawa.<ref>Diouf, Marcel Mahawa, "Lances mâles : Léopold Sédar Senghor et les traditions sérères, Centre d'études linguistiques et historiques par tradition orale", Niamey, 1996, p. 54</ref> == Tikologo == E re ka letsha leno le nowa ke metsi a a tswang mo Nokeng ya Senegal, ka paka ya dipula le ka nna le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 34 le bophara jwa dikilometara di le borobabobedi ,[2] fa metsi a lone a ka fetofetoga go fitlha go dimetara di le 4,29.[3] 1] Mo mafelong a a tletseng seretse go bapa le dintshi tsa yone, go tlhoga ditlhatshana tsa Phragmites le tsa Typha, tse di remelwang go dira bojang. Go na le mefuta e le mmalwa ya dinoga le diamusi tse dinnye tse di jaaka dinare le di-mongoose. Dikwena tse di nang le dinko tse di tshesane le tsone di a fitlhelwa. <ref name=":1" /> Letsha le ne la tlhophiwa go nna lefelo le le botlhokwa la dinonyane (IBA) ke BirdLife International ka gonne le tshegetsa palo e e botlhokwa ya dinonyane tse di sa tsadiseng tsa kwa bophirima, mmogo le dinonyane tsa garganeys le tsa kwa bokone tse di nnang mariga. <ref name=":0" /> == Itsholelo == Letsha leno le dirisetswa go tshwara ditlhapi,<ref name=":1" /> fela temothuo le yone e atile. Le fa kgaolo e bone diporojeke di le mmalwa tsa temothuo tse di ikaeletseng go thusa balemirui ka bobedi ke Islamic Development Bank le The Food Crisis Prevention Network,<ref>[https://www.isdb.org/projects/data/uid-pj0001760 R'KIZ LAKE IRRIGATION PROJECT (F.S)"]. ''IsDB Project Database''. [[:en:Islamic_Development_Bank|Islamic Development Bank.]] Retrieved 19 July 2020.</ref> jaaka gongwe le gongwe kwa Mauritania, go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017) dikarolo tse di botlhokwa tsa baagi ba selegae ba ne ba tswelela go boga ka ntlha ya maemo a botshelo a a tshwanang le bokgoba jwa segompieno. <ref>Aidara. [https://aidara.mondoblog.org/2017/11/24/lesclavage-agricole-aux-bords-lac-rkiz/ "L'esclavage agricole aux bords du Lac R'Kiz, en Mauritanie"] [Agricultural slavery on the shores of Lake R’Kiz, Mauritania]. ''Thaqafa'' (in French). Retrieved 19 July 2020.</ref> == Metswedi == hct7m58vnrr2wnomb89yvg3jdhpp2el 0 13634 50725 2026-06-15T11:05:52Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Amanzimtoti #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Amanzimtoti|river_name=aManzimtoti|image_name=Amanzimtoti River mid 08 05 2010.JPG|mouth=Lewatle la Indian|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[KwaZulu-Natal]]}} '''Noka ya Amanzimtoti''', e e itsegeng gape ka noka ya '''aManzimtoti''' (le e leng lone leina la yone la semmuso) ke noka e khutshwane kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], e e simologang kwa bokone bophirima jwa Adams Mission, e elela go kgabaganya toropo ya eManzimtoti kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Tsela ya N2 e kgabaganya noka pele ga molomo wa yone kwa lewatleng la Indian. Noka e gape e kgabaganya diphororo tse di faphegileng tsa Adams Mission. == Leina == Go bolelwa fa Kgosi [[Shaka]] wa ma Zulu a file noka e leina morago ga go nwa metsi a yone,a bua ka [[Sezulu|seZulu]] a re "go riana metsi a a botshe". Noka e ne ya bidiwa Amanzimtoti ke batho basweu. Lefoko la seZulu le le rayang botshe ke monate, mme mmagwe Shaka o ne a na le leina la Nandi, ka jalo go bolelwa fa a tlhamile lefoko toti go beeletsa monati, gore a seka a senya leina la gagwe. Mo nakong e e fetileng go akantswe gore go fetolwe leina la aManzimtoti semmuso go supa ka fa le bidiwang ka teng ka seZulu, le ntswa banni ba Amanzimtoti ba santse ba bitsa noka Amanzimtoti, noka ya Manzimtoti kgotsa noka ya Toti. Leina le lengwe la mo bosheng, le le sa tlwaelesegang thata, e le kakanyetso ya ka fa noka e simologileng ka teng ke lefoko la seZulu la leswe, le le tsamaelanang le toti, le gore leina le raya metsi a a leswe.<ref>M.Purves, 2010</ref> == Ditso == Noka e ne e dikaganyeditswe ke ditsha le lotlhaka, mme go ne ga agiwa legare la toropo le lefelo la matlakala kwa go tsone. Thotobolo ya matlakala morago e ne ya thibiwa ya diriwa lobala lwa metshameko. Ka nako nngwe go ne go kgonagala go tsamaya ka mokoro go tswa kwa legareng la toropo go ya kwa hoteleng ya River Gardens, mo e ne e le tiragalo e e tlwaelesegileng thata ka letsatsi la Tshipi. Go nna teng ga motlhaba go dirile gore se, se se ka sa kgonagala, go fitlhelela noka e gopiwa motlhaba makgetho a le mmalwa ka dingwaga tsa 1990. Le fa go ntse jalo, tsela ya go gopa motlhaba e ne e bonwa e le go senya ke bangwe ba tshomarelo tikologo, ba bangwe ba re go lopa madi a mantsi. Noka e tletse motlhaba gape. Noka e gompieno e dikaganyeditswe ke lefelo la go somarela tikologo la Ilanda Wilds. Noka e le lefelo le di tletse diphologolo tse di gomagomediwang ke go nyelelela fa di tshwantshanngwa le bophara jwa lefelo le. Molatswana wa noka e, o kwa masimong a lotlhaka kwa Umbumbulu kwa bokone bophirima jwa Adams mission. [[Setshwantsho:Amanzimtoti Lagoon 2.JPG|left|thumb|Borogo jwa a Manzimtoti]] [[Setshwantsho:Amanzimtoti River Ilanda.JPG|thumb|Noka ya aManzimtoti kwa Ilanda Wilds]] == Metswedi == 6p8h8nz2rurrf0s0x63562ysyavknge 0 13635 50726 2026-06-15T11:36:58Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Baakens #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Baakens|river_name=Baakensrivier|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Baakens|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=Algoa Bay|length=23 km|mouth=Lewatle la Indian}} '''Noka ya Baakens''', e e itsegeng gape ka leina la '''Noka ya Gqeberha'''<ref>Mlambo, Sihle (26 February 2021). [https://www.uwc.ac.za/news-and-announcements/news/gqeberha-the-new-name-for-port-elizabeth "Gqeberha, The New Name for Port Elizabeth".] ''uwc.ac.za''. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref> ke noka e e tshelang kwa legareng la [[Port Elizabeth]] le kwa maemelong a dikepe a Algoa Bay.<ref>[https://www.geonames.org/1021484/bakensrivier.html Bakensrivier] sa [https://www.geonames.org/about.html Geonames.org] (cc-by); post updated 18 January 2012; database download sa 28 February 2017</ref> Noka e,e elela dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le boraro go tswa kwa lefelong le e le nosang la Sherwood, Hunter's Retreat le Rowalian park go kgabaganya mafelo a setoropo go ya molong wa yone. Gantsi ke molatswana o o didimetseng. Gaufi le molomo wa yone, e tsena mo mokgatsheng kwa borwa jwa thaba e Fort Frederick e leng mo go yone. Go fitlhelela dikepe tsa ntlha tsa VOC di ema fa ka 1960, maemelo a ne a itsege ka leina la Kragga Kamma la morafe wa Khoekhoe, "mokgatsha o o majwe (go tewa majwe a mannye mo metsing, Kamma e le tshenyo ya leina la Khoe le le rayang metsi)".<ref>[https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/9-2-073-0001-20080904-JB_0.pdf "HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT: Portion 87 of the Farm Cragga Kamma. No. 23 PORT ELIZABETH"] (PDF). [[:en:South_African_Heritage_Resources_Agency|''SAHRA''.]]</ref> Mo nakong dikhilomithara tse pedi tsa bofelo tsa molatswana di ne tsa diriwa mosele, lekadiba la tlala. Mafelo a itloso bodutu, mabala a metshameko le ditselana tsa mesepele di mo mokgatsheng wa Baakens. == Ditso == Ka ngwaga wa 1752, August Frederik Beutler o ne a feta a dira lotshwao mo boemong jwa VOC kwa mogogorong. Lefelo la itloso bodutu la Settler Park la diheketara di le masome matlhano le bone le sale le nna teng ka ngwaga wa 1938. Mogogoro o ka dingwaga tsa 1867, 1897, 1908 (morwalela wa [[Port Elizabeth]] wa 1908), 1968, 1981 le 2006 e ne e le lefelo la merwalela e e maswe thata ebile e sentse thata. Ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1897, go ne go bakilwe ke pula ya nakwana e e neleng ka bontsi kwa Hunter's Retreat. Ka letsatsi la Tshipi Lwetse a rogwa ngwaga wa 1968, pula e ne ya simolola go na morago fela ga nako ya borobabobedi mo mosong, mo nakong e khutshwane go ne go nele pula ya di centimethara di le masome matlhano le borataro. Mo morwaleleng wa matlhotlhapelo o lefatshe la [[Aforika Borwa]] le neng le kile la o itemogela, batho ba robaboedi ba neba latlhegelwa ke matshelo. Leina la Gqeberha ke leina la noka e, la [[Sethosa|seXhosa]].<ref>Meiring, Pieter (10 November 2019). [https://cbn.co.za/featured/new-port-elizabeth-name-announced/ "New Port Elizabeth name announced"]. ''Cape Business News''. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref> Lefelo la itloso bodutu la Kabega Park le ka tswa le reeletswe ka noka e. == Metswedi == a5gj3egzwxbbiejhy3299ju9om6cm8v 50728 50726 2026-06-15T11:44:36Z MmaBaggio 11091 50728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Baakens|river_name=Baakensrivier|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Baakens|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=Algoa Bay|length=23 km|mouth=Lewatle la Indian}} '''Noka ya Baakens''', e e itsegeng gape ka leina la '''Noka ya Gqeberha'''<ref>Mlambo, Sihle (26 February 2021). [https://www.uwc.ac.za/news-and-announcements/news/gqeberha-the-new-name-for-port-elizabeth "Gqeberha, The New Name for Port Elizabeth".] ''uwc.ac.za''. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref> ke noka e e tshelang kwa legareng la [[Port Elizabeth]] le kwa maemelong a dikepe a Algoa Bay.<ref>[https://www.geonames.org/1021484/bakensrivier.html Bakensrivier] sa [https://www.geonames.org/about.html Geonames.org] (cc-by); post updated 18 January 2012; database download sa 28 February 2017</ref> Noka e,e elela dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le boraro go tswa kwa lefelong le e le nosang la Sherwood, Hunter's Retreat le Rowalian park go kgabaganya mafelo a setoropo go ya molong wa yone. Gantsi ke molatswana o o didimetseng. Gaufi le molomo wa yone, e tsena mo mokgatsheng kwa borwa jwa thaba e Fort Frederick e leng mo go yone. Go fitlhelela dikepe tsa ntlha tsa VOC di ema fa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960), maemelo a ne a itsege ka leina la Kragga Kamma la morafe wa Khoekhoe, "molapo o o majwe (go tewa majwe a mannye mo metsing, Kamma e le tshenyo ya leina la Khoe le le rayang metsi)".<ref>[https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/9-2-073-0001-20080904-JB_0.pdf "HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT: Portion 87 of the Farm Cragga Kamma. No. 23 PORT ELIZABETH"] (PDF). [[:en:South_African_Heritage_Resources_Agency|''SAHRA''.]]</ref> Mo nakong dikhilomithara tse pedi tsa bofelo tsa molatswana di ne tsa diriwa mosele, lekadiba la tlala. Mafelo a itloso bodutu, mabala a metshameko le ditselana tsa mesepele di mo mokgatsheng wa Baakens. == Ditso == Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano le bobedi (1752), August Frederik Beutler o ne a feta a dira lotshwao mo boemong jwa VOC kwa mogogorong. Lefelo la itloso bodutu la Settler Park la diheketara di le masome matlhano le bone le sale le nna teng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borobabongwe (1938). Mogogoro o ka dingwaga tsa 1867, 1897, 1908 (morwalela wa [[Port Elizabeth]] wa 1908), 1968, 1981 le 2006 e ne e le lefelo la merwalela e e maswe thata ebile e sentse thata. Ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1897, go ne go bakilwe ke pula ya nakwana e e neleng ka bontsi kwa Hunter's Retreat. Ka letsatsi la Tshipi Lwetse a rogwa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabaongwe le masome a marataro le borobabobedi (1968), pula e ne ya simolola go na morago fela ga nako ya borobabobedi mo mosong, mo nakong e khutshwane go ne go nele pula ya di centimethara di le masome matlhano le borataro. Mo morwaleleng wa matlhotlhapelo o lefatshe la [[Aforika Borwa]] le neng le kile la o itemogela, batho ba robaboedi ba neba latlhegelwa ke matshelo. Leina la Gqeberha ke leina la noka e, la [[Sethosa|seXhosa]].<ref>Meiring, Pieter (10 November 2019). [https://cbn.co.za/featured/new-port-elizabeth-name-announced/ "New Port Elizabeth name announced"]. ''Cape Business News''. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref> Lefelo la itloso bodutu la Kabega Park le ka tswa le reeletswe ka noka e. == Metswedi == hvular5dh6b8xcpoch820imgw7m8kst 0 13636 50727 2026-06-15T11:39:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Ganga Talao 50727 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Grand Bassin, Mauritius.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Grand Bassin]] Ganga Talao (e e itsegeng jaaka Grand Bassin [ɡʁɑ̃ basɛ̃]) e tsewa e le letsha le le boitshepo mo gare ga Bahindu, le le mo khuting ya lekgwamolelo le le mo lefelong le le kwa thoko la dithaba, kwa godimo ga Lewatle la India mo kgaolong ya [[Savanne]] mo setlhaketlhakeng se sennye sa [[Mauritius]]. <ref name=":0">Page, Rob Howell,Thomas (2016-05-03). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius "Is this lake divine?".] ''CNN''. Retrieved 2026-01-28.</ref> Noka ya Ganga Talao e dira jaaka "leje la go tlhatlhoba la setso" la Baindia ba ba fudugetseng kwa Mauritius. Letsha leno ke lefelo le go dirwang mokete wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa [[Maha Shivaratri]], e leng moletlo o o botlhokwa thata wa Sehindu mo setlhaketlhakeng seno. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[[google:shiv mandir mauritius&hl=en-MU&rllag=-20352293,57486240,7316&tbm=lcl#rlfi=hd:;si:9061077849934192633;mv:!1m2!1d-20.019368099999998!2d57.58064530000001!2m2!1d-20.4508238!2d57.450061899999994|"shiv mandir mauritius - Google Search".]] ''www.google.com''. Retrieved 2019-03-03.</ref> Ditona le batlhankedi ba ba farologaneng ba India ba etetse lefelo le mo dingwageng tse di fetileng jaaka letshwao la kamano ya semowa le setso le dikamano tse di tseneletseng magareng ga India le Mauritius. <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20250508182330/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pm-modi-offers-gangajal-from-maha-kumbh-into-grand-bassin-in-mauritius-7908793 "PM Modi Offers Gangajal From Maha Kumbh Into Grand Bassin In Mauritius"]. ''NDTV''. Archived from [https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pm-modi-offers-gangajal-from-maha-kumbh-into-grand-bassin-in-mauritius-7908793 the original] on 2025-05-08. Retrieved 2026-01-28.</ref> == Tlhamane == Ganga Talao e raya "Letsha la Ganga", e le go supa kgolagano ya Grand Bassin le noka ya India ya [[Ganga]] (Ganges). == Ditso == Go ya ka ditlhamane, ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1887) (bangwe ba re 1890s) moruti yo o bidiwang Pandit Jhummun Giri wa Triolet<ref>J, Meenakshi (2025-08-13). [https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 "How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine"]. ''thefederal.com''. Retrieved 2026-01-28.</ref>o ne a bolela gore o bone tshenolo mo torong ya go bona metsi a Ganga Talao a elela go tswa mo modimong wa sesadi Ganga. Dikgang tsa tshenolo di ne tsa anama ka bonako mme Ganga Talao ya nna "setshwano sa modimo wa Sehindu" se se neng sa e golaganya le noka ya Ganges e e neng e le bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le dikete tse nne<ref name=":0" /> Botlhokwa jwa letsha le go ketekwa ga lone go simolotse ka mathata a a neng a itemogelwa ke Baindia ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Mauritius fa badiri ba le halofo ya milione ba ne ba tlisiwa mo setlhaketlhakeng ka lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga ka ditsholofetso tsa botshelo jo bo botoka. Batho ba ba neng ba falola loeto lwa go kgabaganya Lewatle la India ba le mo dikepeng tse di neng di tletse ka malwetse, ba ne ba patelediwa go dira ka natla mo masimong a ditene tsa sukiri. Tshenolo ya moruti e ne ya letla bafaladi go bopa kgokagano gape le Ganges le go "tlhapa mo metsing a a boitshepo gape".<ref name=":0" /> Setlhopha sa ntlha sa baeti ba sedumedi go ya kwa Ganga Talao ba ne ba tswa kwa motseng wa Triolet mme ba ne ba eteletswe pele ke Pandit Giri Gossayne go tswa Terre Rouge ka 1898.<ref>[http://www.nationsonline.org/album/Mauritius/slides/Grand%20Bassin.html Bird's eye view.] Retrieved on 5 May 2007</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) go ne ga bolelwa gore ke "bodiba jo bo boitshepo". Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi (1972), metsi a a boitshepo a noka ya Ganges a ne a tswakanngwa le noka e e boitshepo ya India mme letsha le ne la bidiwa Ganga Talao. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080120230417/http://whc.unesco.org/en/349/ "World Heritage Centre - Laureates 2007".] Archived from [http://whc.unesco.org/en/349/ the original] on January 20, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2008.</ref> == Maha Shivarati pilgrimage le tiragalo == Moletlo wa Maha Shivarati o direlwa modimo wa Sehindu e bong Shiva, mongwe wa medimo e meraro e megolo ya Sehindu. <ref name=":0" />Ka nako ya Shivaratri, ba-Hindu ba ba ka nnang halofo ya milione kwa Mauritius ba ya kwa letsheng, ba le bantsi ba tsamaya go tswa kwa magaeng a bone ba tshotse di-Kanvars (kanwars) tse di dirilweng ka diatla, e leng ditempele tse dinnye tse di diretsweng modimo Shiva. <ref name=":1" />Mafelo a a boitshepo a mannye ano a beilwe go bapa le lotshitshi lwa letsha, koo batsamai ba sedumedi ba ntshang ditshupelo tsa dijo, molelo, thapelo, le meletlo.Mokgwa o mongwe ke go rapela ka metsi a letsha gore ba "itshekisiwe" le gore maatla a ga Shiva a "fetisediwe" kwa go bone. <ref name=":0" /> Ba ba dirileng mokete gantsi ba tsenya metsi a a tsewang e le "seedi se se boitshepo" mo dibotlolong gore ba tle ba a tlisetse ba ba sa kgoneng go tla.<ref name=":0" /> Gantsi go dumelwa gore batho ba naya baeti ba sedumedi dijo le dino. == Setshwantsho sa ga Mangal Mahadev - Shiva == Setlhogo se segolo: Mangal Mahadev Mangal Mahadev ke sefikantswe sa 33 m (108 ft) se se kwa godimo sa modimo wa Sehindu, Shiva, a eme ka setlhaga sa gagwe kwa kgorong ya Ganga Talao. E ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), ke sefikantswe se se kwa godimo go gaisa mo Mauritius le khopi e e ikanyegang ya sefikantswe sa Shiva mo Letsha la Sursagar kwa Vadodara, Gujarat kwa India. <ref>J, Meenakshi (2025-08-13). [https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 "How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine"]. ''thefederal.com''. Retrieved 2026-01-28.</ref> Go na le ditempele tse di diretsweng medimo e mengwe gape, go akaretsa le Morena Hanuman, Modimogadi Ganga le Morena Ganesh go bapa le Grand Bassin. == Durga Mata Murti == Sefikantswe sa ga Durga Mata Sefikantswe seno se boleele jwa dimetara di le masome a mararo le boraro . Mekete ya Durga Pooja le Navaratri e ketekwa thata go dikologa setlhaketlhake mo ditempeleng kgotsa mo dikagong tsa nakwana tse di agetsweng tiragalo eno. == Metswedi == niiwxvmn186qhsk9ofkeyv38t323c18 0 13637 50729 2026-06-15T11:49:45Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Baviaanskloof #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Baviaanskloof|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Baviaanskloof|mouth=[[Noka ya Kouga]]|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]] [[Kapa Bophirima]]|elevation=165 m|length=80 km}} '''Noka ya Baviaanskloof''' ke noka e e elelang go kgabaganya dithaba tsa [[Kapa Bophirima]] le dikgaolo tsa [[Kapa Botlhaba]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa.]] Noka e, e simologa kwa botlhaba jwa Little Karoo, e sala morago mokgatsha o o fa gare ga dithaba tse kwa botlhaba. E felela kwa bokopanong le noka ya Kouga, dikhilomithara di le masome a robabobedi go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone. E dikaganyeditswe ke dithaba tsa Baviaansklooff kwa bokone le dithaab tsa Kouga kwa borwa, e tshelwa ke dithaaba tse dintsi tse dipotlana go tswa mo dithabeng tsoo pedi. Mafeloa temothuo a a mo lotshitshing lwa noke e a akaretsa Studtis le Sandvlakte. Mokgatsha o dikhilomithara di le masome mararo le botlhano kwa bokone jwa Langkloof, e e tshwantshanngwang le yone mme e le kgolwane. Noka ya Kouga, e e yang kwa godimo kwa Langkloof e tshelwa ke noka e e ikgaphetseng kwa thoko ya Baviaanskloof. Noka ya Baviaanskloof ke bontlha jwa bookamedi jwa metsi kwa Fish go ya Tsitsikama.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA15FishTsitsikamma.jpg Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15]</ref> Lefoko Baviaan, le le rayang tshwene, ke thanolo ya leina la pele la noka la Khoikhoi, i Ncwama, le gape go dumelwang le raya tshwene. Beutler o ne a fa noka e, leina la Gomee kgotsa Baviaans.<ref name=":0">du Plessis, E.J. (1973). ''Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername''. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. p. 201. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-624-00273-X|<bdi>0-624-00273-X</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Arbousset, T.; F. Daumas (1968). ''Narrative of an Exploratory Tour ... Colony of the Cape of Good Hope''. C. Struik. p. 36.</ref> Robert Gordon le fa go ntse jalo o ne a re ke noka ya Prehns, e le go fa ramasole wa sesole sa Kapa tlotla.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == qha5pojqw68sj5io8ia2evjplrcby3t 0 13638 50730 2026-06-15T11:53:29Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Afennourrir 50730 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lac Afenounir.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Afennourrir]] Letsha la Afnourir ke letsha le le kwa godimo le le kwa Ain El Louh mo porofenseng ya Ifrane, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mararo go tswa kwa toropong ya Azrou, kwa [[Morocco]]. Letsha leno le na le bogolo jwa diheketara di le makgolo a mararo mme le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a robabobedi go tswa mo boalong jwa lewatle. <ref>[https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/afennourrir-lake-aguelmame-mountain-that-administratively-1232204953 "Afennourrir Lake Aguelmame Mountain Lake That Stock Photo 1232204953"]. ''Shutterstock''. Retrieved 2024-10-12.</ref> Lefelo la yone la loago mo gare ga sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa sekgwa sa Ramsar se ne sa newa maemo a Ramsar ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), se kwadisitswe mo gare ga mafelo a a bongola a Middle Atlas, ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa ekholoji le tsa metsi tse di diragatsang, go sireletsa mefutafuta ya ditshedi tsa lefatshe le go tshola botshelo jwa batho. <ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/208 "Lac d'Afennourir | Ramsar Sites Information Service".] ''rsis.ramsar.org''. Retrieved 2024-10-09.</ref><ref>[https://www.zones-humides.org/les-zones-humides-et-l-eau "Les zones humides et l'eau | Zones Humides"]. ''www.zones-humides.org''. Retrieved 2024-10-12.</ref> == Lefelo le le tlwaelegileng == E kwa godimo ga thaba ya Middle Atlas, dikilometara di le masome a mabedi kwa borwa jwa toropo ya Azrou, mo tseleng e e golaganyang motse wa Aïn Leuh le RP 20 (e e golaganyang Azrou le Midelt). Ke ya Commune ya Aïn Leuh (profense ya Ifrane). <ref>سكينة (2017-04-05). "تعزيز بحيرة أفنورير المتضررة من التغيرات المناخية ب 1[[80 س]]مكة". ''برلمان.كوم'' ألف (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-10-09.</ref> == Go baakanya == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017), Khomišene e e Kwa Godimo ya Metsi le Dikgwa ya Morocco e ne ya golola ditlhapi di le dintsi mo Letsheng la Afennourir tsa mefuta e e farologaneng, tse di neng di feta 180 000. Tiro e e ne e le go busetsa tekatekano ya ikholoji ya letsha leno, le le neng le amilwe ke komelelo le phetogo ya tlelaemete e e neng ya baka loso lwa ditlhapi tse dintsi le go fuduga ga dinonyane tse di neng di tle di phuthege mo lefelong leno. <ref>[https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a102/00006861.pdf "The impact of climatic variations on the role and sustainable management of natural ecosystems in the Middle Atlas (Afenourir wetland area case)"] (PDF).</ref> == Metswedi == 67hu57a2rlvfhc6gwm4jljqv4xfhxkx