Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8736 50766 43662 2026-06-16T00:37:23Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50766 wikitext text/x-wiki   the drinking water supply and sanitation sector in Ghana faces a number of challenges, including very limited access to sanitation, intermittent supply, high water losses, low water pressure, and pollution. Since 1994, the sector has been gradually reformed through the creation of an autonomous regulatory agency, the introduction of private sector participation, the decentralisation of rural supply to 138 districts and increased community participation in the management of rural water systems. An international company has managed all urban water systems since 2006 under a 5-year management contract which expired after achieving only some of its objectives. The reforms also aim at increasing cost recovery and a modernization of the urban utility Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL).<ref name="WaterAid">{{Cite web|last=WaterAid|title=National Water Sector Assessment, Ghana|url=http://www.wateraid.org/other/startdownload.asp?DocumentID=28&mode=plugin|access-date=26 March 2008}}</ref> Another problem which partly arose from the recent reforms is the existence of a multitude of institutions with overlapping responsibilities. The National Water Policy (NWP), launched at the beginning of 2008, seeks to introduce a comprehensive sector policy.<ref name="NWP">{{Cite web|last=Ghanaian Water Resources Commission|title=National Water Policy|url=http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|access-date=26 March 2008|archive-date=2 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602092656/http://www.wrc-gh.org/nationalwaterpolicy.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tshedimosetso == Metsi le mafaratlhatlha a leswe ga a a lekana, bogolo jang kwa metseselegaeng. Go na le dipharologano tse di seng kana ka sepe fa gare ga tshedimosetso ya go tsena go tswa mo metsweding e e farologaneng, bontlhanngwe ka ntlha ya ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng tse di dirisiwang ke ditheo tse di farologaneng tsa go tsena. Go ya ka Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation ya UNICEF le WHO, go fitlhelela metsi le leswe ke tse di latelang: {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | !Urban(51% ya baagi)<br /><br /><br /><br /> !Ba-Rural -49% ya baagi)<br /><br /><br /><br /> !Palogotlhe |- | rowspan="2" |Metsi |[[At least basic water source|Tlhaloso ya 'Bongwe ya motheo']] |88% |66% |78% |- |Dikamano tsa ntlo |33% |3% |Diperesente di le 18 |- | rowspan="2" |Go tlosa leswe mo mmeleng |[['At least basic' sanitation|Tlhaloso ya 'Bongwe ya motheo']] |19% |9% |14% |- |Go tsamaisa leswe | A ke ka ntlha yang fa go le botlhokwa go nna le kitso | A ke ka ntlha yang fa go le botlhokwa go nna le kitso | A ke ka ntlha yang fa go le botlhokwa go nna le kitso |} Go ya ka pego ya United Nations 2015 MDG, mokgele wa go fokotsa palo ya batho ba ba sa kgoneng go bona metsi a a phepa a a nowang o fitlheletswe kwa Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gh.undp.org/content/ghana/en/home/library/poverty/2015-ghana-millennium-development-goals-report.html|title=2015 Ghana Millennium Development Goals Report|website=UNDP in Ghana|access-date=6 May 2016|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602042020/http://www.gh.undp.org/content/ghana/en/home/library/poverty/2015-ghana-millennium-development-goals-report.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karolo ya ditsamaiso tsa kabo tse di sa direng kwa Ghana e fopholediwa go nna mo e ka nnang nngwetharong, mme tse dingwe tse dintsi di dira ka fa tlase ga bokgoni jo bo rulagantsweng. Mo godimo ga moo, kabo ya metsi a mo gae e gaisana le tlhokego e e golang ya metsi ke madirelo a a golang le a temothuo.<ref name="Ghana Safe Water Network">{{Cite web|title=Ghana|url=http://www.safewaternetwork.org/countries-regions/ghana|website=Safe Water Network|publisher=Safe Water Network|access-date=29 April 2016}}</ref> Mo e ka nnang 88% ya baagi ba ditoropokgolo kwa Ghana ba kgona go bona bobotlana metsi a a nowang.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/ghana/Ghana_MICS_Final.pdf|title=Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011|access-date=2023-05-10|archive-date=2018-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311142352/https://www.unicef.org/ghana/Ghana_MICS_Final.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Go na le pharologano fa gare ga metsi a a phepa a a nowang a kwa ditoropong le a kwa metseselegaeng. Go ya ka Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey of 2011, baagi ba ditoropokgolo ba na le kgonagalo e kgolo ya go bona metsi a a phepa a a nowang go feta baagi ba metseselegae ka 91% le 69%, ka go latelana.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ntlha ya seo, go ikaega ka metswedi ya metsi e e sa babalesegeng go kwa godimo mo mafelong a selegae.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://water.org/country/ghana/|title=Ghana – Water Crisis {{!}} Water.org|website=Water.org|access-date=6 May 2016|archive-date=22 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422112638/http://water.org/country/ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Di-turbidite tsa bontsi jwa metsi a a kwa godimo mo mafelong a selegae di feta 200 NTUs (nephelometric turbidity units) mme di na le kgotlelo e e kwa godimo ya megare le mantle, e e dirang gore bana le baagi botlhe ba nne mo kotsing e kgolo ya malwetse a a amanang le metsi. Fa di bapisiwa le Ghana yotlhe, dikgaolo tse tharo tse di kwa bokone jwa Ghana ga di na metsi a a phepa a a nowang, mme ngwana a le mongwe mo go ba le lesome o a swa pele ga ba tshwara dingwaga di le botlhano ka ntlha ya malwetse mangwe a a amanang le metsi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wateraid.org/us/where-we-work/page/ghana|title=Ghana – Where We Work – WaterAid America|website=www.wateraid.org|access-date=6 May 2016}}</ref> Mo kgaolong e kgolo ya Bokone ya Ghana fela, 32% ya baagi ba le dimilione di le 2.5 ga ba kgone go bona metswedi e e tokafaditsweng ya metsi mme gantsi ba tshwanelwa ke go dirisa metsi a a nowang a a kgotletsweng.<ref name=":0"/> Malebana le go tlosa leswe, ke diperesente di le 14 fela tsa baagi botlhe ba Ghana ba ba dirisang lefelo le le tokafaditsweng la go tlosa lesfe go tloga ka 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://data.unicef.org/corecode/uploads/document6/uploaded_pdfs/corecode/Pneumonia_Diarrhoea_2012_35.pdf|title=UNICEF. 2012. Pneumonia and Diarrhoea – Tackling the deadliest diseases for the world's poorest children.|access-date=2023-05-10|archive-date=2024-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216171532/https://data.unicef.org/corecode/uploads/document6/uploaded_pdfs/corecode/Pneumonia_Diarrhoea_2012_35.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |'''Improved Drinking Water Source''' |'''Unimproved Drinking Water Source''' |- |Household connection |Rivers or ponds |- |Borehole |Bucket |- |Protected dug well |Unprotected well |- |Protected spring |Unprotected spring |- |Public Standpipe |Vendor-provided water |- | |Tanker truck water |- | |Bottled (and sachet) water |} Tafole eno e bontsha go kgaoganngwa ga metswedi ya metsi e e tokafaditsweng le e e sa tokafadiwang kwa Ghana go tloga kwa bokhutlong jwa Millennium Development Goals, go ya ka WHO le UNICEF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/1251454622-A_Snapshot_of_Drinking_Water_in_Africa_Eng.pdf|title=WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (2008). A Snapshot of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Africa.|access-date=2023-05-10|archive-date=2016-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001154210/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/1251454622-A_Snapshot_of_Drinking_Water_in_Africa_Eng.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa 2015, metswedi e e tokafaditsweng ya metsi e ne e akaretsa diphaepe tsa metsi a ntlo, mesima, didiba tse di epilweng le metswedi e di sireleditsweng, le diphaepe tse di dirisiwang ke batho botlhe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gh.undp.org/content/dam/ghana/docs/Doc/Inclgro/UNDP_GH_2015%20Ghana%20MDGs%20Report.pdf|title=United Nations. 2015. Ghana Millennium Development Goals Report.|access-date=2023-05-10|archive-date=2017-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517051924/http://www.gh.undp.org/content/dam/ghana/docs/Doc/Inclgro/UNDP_GH_2015%20Ghana%20MDGs%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Boleng jwa tirelo == === Go tswelela pele ga kabo === Go ya ka phopholetso nngwe, kwatara ya baagi ba Accra ba amogela metsi a a sa kgaotseng. Mo e ka nnang 30% e fiwa metsi diura di le 12 letsatsi le letsatsi, malatsi a le matlhano ka beke. 35% e nngwe e tlamelwa malatsi a le mabedi beke le beke. 10% e e setseng e e nnang kwa ntle ga motsemogolo ga e kgone go bona metsi a diphaepe. Go ya ka motswedi o mongwe, seemo se maswe le go feta: Ka Tlhakole 2008 ditšhaba dingwe mo motseng wa Accra-Tema di ne di tlamelwa gangwe ka beke, gangwe ka dibeke di le pedi kgotsa gangwe ka kgwedi.<ref>[http://www.water-mwrwh.com/sub.htm#top AVRL: The Dodowa intervention]</ref> * Metsi a diphaepe kgotsa di-borehole ke phatlha e e boteng e e gogilweng, e epilweng kgotsa e epiwang go fitlha mo metsing a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe. Metsi a romelwa ka tšhupu ka pompo e e tsamaisiwang ke motho, mme sediba se sireleditswe ke serala go thibela go elela kgotsa go tsena ga dinonyane mo metsing. * Sediba se se epilweng se se sireleditsweng sentle mo metsing a a elelang ka go bo go na le sediba se se kwa godimo ga lefatshe. * Go kgobokanya metsi a pula pula go go kgobokantsweng kgotsa go rojwa go tswa kwa godimo mme go bolokiwe mo teng ga kgamelo go dirisiwa. * Teraka ya tanka ya metsi e isiwa kwa motseng mme e rekisiwa go tswa mo loring. * Go epiwa didiba kgotsa metswedi e e sa sirelediwang go tswa mo metsing a a elelang kgotsa mo mantleng a dinonyane. * Koloi e e nang le tanka/drum e nnye ya metsi e rekisiwa ke motlamedi yo o tsamaisang metsi go ya kwa motseng. Dipalangwa di dirwa ka dikolotsana tsa tonki kgotsa motoking. * Metswedi ya metsi a a kwa godimo dinoka, matamo, matsha, makadiba, jalo le jalo. Tsotlhe di ka nna tsa kgotlelwa, e leng se se tla nnang kotsi mo bathong ba ba nwa go tswa foo. Tseno ke metswedi e e kotsi thata ya metsi mo bathong ba Ghana, ka gonne di ka nna tsa bo di na le dibakateria tse dintsi le dilo tse di botlhole mo e leng gore batho ba tla tsenwa ke malwetse le malwetse, a mangwe a one a ka bolayang ly.<ref name="Water And sanitation For The Urban Poor">{{Cite web|title=Ghana|url=http://www.wsup.com/programme/where-we-work/ghana/|website=WSUP|publisher=WSUP|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=22 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422094420/http://www.wsup.com/programme/where-we-work/ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Water contamination == === Boleng jwa metsi a a nowang === [[Setshwantsho:F-diagram-01.jpg|thumb|450x450px|Go anamisiwa ga bolwetse jwa mantle le molomo.]] Go tlhaela ga metsi a a phepa a a nowang le ditsamaiso tsa go tlosa leswe ke bothata jo bo masisi jwa boitekanelo jwa setšhaba kwa Ghana, go go nang le seabe mo diperesenteng di le 70 tsa malwetse kwa Ghana. Go dirisiwa thata ga di-sacket tsa metsi a a nowang tsa polasetiki ka ntlha ya go tlhoka metsi a a phepa go go leng teng le gone go dirile gore go nne le kgotlelo e e oketsegileng ya polasetiki, gantsi go kgotlela metsi, go kgama metsi a pula le go bolaya diruiwa. Intaseteri ya meepo ya gauta ya naga e kgotletse 60% ya metsi a Ghana.<ref name="illegal_gold_mines_2021_08_11_bbc">[https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-58119653 "The illegal gold mines killing rivers and livelihoods in Ghana,"] 11 August 2021, [[BBC News]], retrieved 11 August 2021</ref> cg98n3fw42i9elx1dt4rcv81vsigfni 0 9458 50769 35733 2026-06-16T01:08:22Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippa Hobbs''' ke mokwala hisitori wa botaki wa Aforika Borwa, motaki le mokokoanyi wa botaki. O tshotswe  ka ngwaga wa  1955 mme a tsena kwa  sekolong sa St Andrew ka ngwaga wa 1972. O ne a ithuta botaki kwa Johannesburg College of Art pele ga a fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printmaking dikgatiso] kwa [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_(Philadelphia) University of the Arts (Philadelphia).] Moragonyana o ne a tsweledisa  dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_South_Africa Yunibesithing ya Afrika Borwa] (UNISA) le kwa [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technikon_Witwatersrand Technikon Witwatersrand.]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.durbanet.co.za/exhib/dag/hr/cl08.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-16 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185247/http://www.durbanet.co.za/exhib/dag/hr/cl08.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>Hobbs e ne e le porofesa wa histori ya botaki kwa Yunibesithing ya Witwatersrand kwa Johannesburg go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1988 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1993. O itsege ka go nna le seabe mo go direng botaki (ka dipontsho tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba), thuto ya botaki, patlisiso le, bosheng jaana, tlhabololo ya setšhaba ka botaki. Hobbs mo bo gompieno o berekq ele  motlhokomedi wa dikokoano tsa botaki tsa MTN le mosaics yo mogolo wa botaki le setso. == Botaki == Hobbs o ne a lalediwa go nna le seabe mo porojekeng ya Ditshwantsho tsa Ditshwanelo tsa Botho ka ngwaga 1996, e e neng e akaretsa bataki ba ba neng ba dira ditshwantsho tsa karolo nngwe le nngwe ya Molaotlhomo wa Ditshwanelo tsa Aforika Borwa. Molawana wa ga Hobbs e ne e le Molawana wa 8: Kgololesego ya go Bua, mo mokwalong wa gagwe wa logong o o reng o bontsha tekatekano e e sa tlhomamang magareng ga ditshwanelo tsa go bua le ditlamorago tse di latelang.<ref name=":0" /> Ditiro tse dingwe tsa ga Hobbs di akaretsa 'Dracunculus and Cat's Cradle, e e betilweng ka logong ka ngwaga wa 1993, le Spiritus Candelabrae, e e betilweng ka logong ya mebala e mebedi e e dirilweng ka ngwaga 1992. == Go Ruta == Hobbs o ne a tsenelela Dithuto tsa gagwe mo dithulaganyong tsa gagwe tse a di gatisitseng, tse di bidiwang Foot Print Studio. Setudio sena se simolotse ka maikaelelo a go ruta bataki ba ba simololang le ba ba gatileng. == Dikgatiso == Hobbs o ne a gatisa mmogo le Elizabeth Rankin ka ngwaga wa 1997 (David Philip Publishers) buka ya Printmaking in a Transforming South Africa, e e tlhalosang ka ga go gatisa go "fetileng dikgaogano tsa botaki jwa Aforika Borwa"<ref>Hobbs, P., Rankin, E. 1997. ''Printmaking in a Transforming South Africa''. Claremont: David Philip Publishers.ISBN 0-86486334-9</ref> le go tlhalosa diazole tsa botekgeniki le tsa go tlhalosa tsa go gatisa, fa gape e sekaseka seabe se e neng e se tshameka jaaka mokgwa wa go ganetsa ka nako ya ntwa ya kgololosego. Ka ngwaga wa  2003, Hobbs le Rankin ba ne ba gatisa Rorke's Drift Empowering Prints,<ref>Hobbs, P., Rankin, E., 2003. ''Rorke’s Drift Empowering Prints''. Cape Town: Double Story Books.ISBN 1-919930-13-2</ref> e e itebagantseng le Evangelical Lutheran Church Art and Craft Centre, e e itsegeng thata ka leina la [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorke%27s_Drift_Art_and_Craft_Centre Rorke's Drift Art and Craft Centre]. Kgatiso ya bone e sekaseka botaki jo bo dirilweng ke bataki ba batho bantsho ba ba ithutileng kwa bodirelong, go akaretsa moithuti wa bone wa ntlha ebong Allina Ndebele, yo Hobbs a mo batlisitseng thata mo dikgatisong tse dingwe tsa gagwe tsa ngwaga wa  2011 tse di bidiwang Water and Space, 2014 Allina Ndebele's Tree of Life, le 2018 Mantis Wedding: Performing Power in the Loom. Kgatiso ya ga Hobbs ya ngwaga wa 2006, e e bidiwang Messages and Meaning, ke buka ya MTN Art Collection e a leng motshwaramatlotlo wa yone. Ke kgobokanyo ya ditlhamo tsa bakwadi ba ba tshwanang le bo Nessa Leibhammer, Elizabeth Rankin, Wilma Cruise le bakwadi ba bangwe ba ba itsegeng. E sekaseka ka fa kgobokanyo e leng "sedirisiwa sa go beeletsa mo loagong, motswedi wa thuto, tsela ya go rotloetsa tlhaeletsano le kgotlhang mo teng ga ntlo, le go bontsha bajanala botaki jwa Aforika Borwa le Aforika".<ref>Hobbs, P. (ed.) 2006. ''Messages and Meaning''. Johannesburg: David Krut Publishing.ISBN 0-9584860-6-9</ref> Hobbs o ne gape a nna le seabe mo kgatisong e e itsegeng ya botaki ya Afrika Borwa, Taxi mme gantsi o kwala Taxi Art Education Supplement e e tsamaelanang le yone ya barutabana le baithuti ba sekolo, e e dirang gore tshedimosetso e bonwe motlhofo. Ditlaleletso tseno di na le dipampiri tsa tiro, mabokoso a tshedimosetso a dikgopolo tsa botaki jo bo nang le dikgwetho.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20040604011938/http://davidkrutpublishing.com/taxi.htm Taxi Art Books".] David Krut Publishing.com. Archived from [http://www.davidkrutpublishing.com/taxi.htm the original] on 4 June 2004.</ref> == Dietsele == * 1975 Fine Art Award, Johannesburg College of Art Sekolo sa Botaki sa Johannesburg * 1978 Lenaane la Baruti (Kholeji ya Botaki ya Philadelphia, USA) * 1987 Rektor's Medal, Technikon Witwatersrand (Dithuto tsa Dipoloma e e kwa Godimo) * 1987 Mofenyi wa makgaolakgang le Moputso wa Merit, Volkskas [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absa_L%27Atelier_Art_Competition Atelier Awards], Pretoria * 1987 Sekgele sa Chamber of Mines, TWR (For Higher Diploma studies) * 1988 Mofenyi wa makgaolakgang, AA Vita Awards, Johannesburg * 1988 Finalist, Cape Town Triennale, Cape Town * 1994 Alumnus Award, Technikon Witwatersrand * 2004 Business Arts South Africa Award (Special Project) ya go bontsha le go gatisa Rorke's Drift: Empowering Prints == Metswedi == hcrmsf7n7w73k516s59tywud8dsqf1z 0 11428 50770 43597 2026-06-16T01:20:04Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seshego''' ke [[:en:Township_(South_Africa)|motsesetoropo]] wa [[:en:Polokwane_Local_Municipality|Mmasepala wa Selegae wa Polokwane]] wa [[:en:Capricorn_District_Municipality|Mmasepala wa Kgaolo ya Capricorn]] wa porofense ya [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] ya [[:en:South_Africa|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa]]. Motsesetoropo o o ka tlhamalalo kwa bokonebophirima jwa toropo ya [[Polokwane]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130921100743/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/974043 "Main Place Seshego".] ''Census 2011''</ref> == Hisetori == Magareng ga 1972 le 1974 Seshego e ne e le motsemogolo wa [[:en:Bantustan|Bantustan]] e e neng e sa ikemela ka nosi ya [[:en:Lebowa|Lebowa]], e e neng ya fedisiwa ka 1994.<ref>[http://global.britannica.com/place/Lebowa "Lebowa".] global.britannica. Retrieved 24 February 2020.</ref>Madirelo a motsesetoropo a tlhagisa dijo, dino, motsoko, matsela, diaparo tsa go apara, dilwana tsa letlalo, dikumo tsa logong le tsa logong, dikumo tsa tshipi tse di itiretsweng, metšhini le didirisiwa. Bontsi jwa banni ba Seshego ba ya kwa Polokwane go ya go batla tiro.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/536061/Seshego "Seshego (South Africa)"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online''. 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009</ref> == Dikgaolo == Seshego e arotswe ka dikgaolo tse 8 tsa bodulo. Moeteledipele wa [[:en:Economic_Freedom_Fighters|balwela kgololosego ya itsholelo]] [[Julius Malema]] o goletse kwa Zone 1 mo kgaolong e e bidiwang [[Masakaneng]]. [[Letamo la Seshego]] ke letamo le le mo [[nokeng ya Molautsi]]/[[:en:Blood_River|Noka ya Madi]] mo ntlheng ya bophirima jwa toropo. == Tlelaemete == Thulaganyo ya [[:en:Köppen-Geiger_climate_classification_system|go tlhaola tlelaemete ya Köppen-Geiger]] e tlhaola [[:en:Semi-arid_climate|tlelaemete e e]] [[:en:Semi-arid_climate|fagare]] e e omileng (BSk). {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="14" |Climate data for Seshego |- !Month !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |27 (81) |26 (79) |25 (77) |24 (75) |22 (72) |19 (66) |19 (66) |22 (72) |24 (75) |26 (79) |26 (79) |26 (79) |24 (75) |- !Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |16 (61) |15 (59) |14 (57) |11 (52) |7 (45) |3 (37) |3 (37) |6 (43) |9 (48) |12 (54) |14 (57) |15 (59) |10 (51) |- !Average rainfall mm (inches) |80 (3.1) |57 (2.2) |51 (2.0) |22 (0.9) |5 (0.2) |0 (0) |0 (0) |0 (0) |3 (0.1) |30 (1.2) |72 (2.8) |69 (2.7) |389 (15.2) |- | colspan="14" |Source: ''SA Explorer'' |} == Ba ba itsegeng == * [[Julius Malema]] moeteledipele wa [[:en:Economic_Freedom_Fighters|Balwela Kgololesego ya Itsholelo]] * [[:en:Da_Capo_(DJ)|Da Capo]], DJ le motlhagisi wa direkoto. == Metswedi == n0gj7r5tcgx0qiibmeeu3gxp9rzlbj6 0 13328 50788 50205 2026-06-16T11:03:53Z Lucrucia98 12161 50788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|river_name=Noka ya Levuvu|image_name=Makuleke4.JPG|caption=Noka ya Levuvu kwa mokgatsheng wa Lanner, kwa Pafuri|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Levuvu|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|mouth=gaufi le Pafuri}} '''Noka ya Levubu'''<ref>[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-15-olifants-river-lepelle-20557.html Olifants River now called Lepelle]</ref> e kwa bokone jwa [[kgaolo ya Limpopo]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Dingwe tsa dinoka tse di tshelang mo go yone jaaka [[noka ya Mutshindudi]] le [[noka ya Mutale]] di kwa dithabeng tsa Soutpansberg. Noka ya Levubu e elela sekgele sa dikhilomithara di le makgolo mabedi mo mafelong a a farologaneng pele ga e kopana le [[Limpopo River|noka ya Limpopo]] kwa sekgweng sa [[Fever Tree]] gaufi le Pafuri kwa lefelong la itloso bodutu la Kruger.<ref>[http://soer.deat.gov.za/dm_documents/Limpopo_L_L_tf4TA.pdf Latava and Luvuvhu River River Systems 2001] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181836/http://soer.deat.gov.za/dm_documents/Limpopo_L_L_tf4TA.pdf Archived] 2015-04-02 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], State of Rivers Report, WRC report no: TT 165/01, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, ISBN No: 1 86845 825 3</ref> Tlhapi ya Zambezi e tona e ne ya tshwarwa kwa bokopanong jwa dinoka tsa Limpopo le Luvuvhu ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano (1950). Ditlhapi tse ditona tsa Zambezi di rata metsi a a phepa ebile di kgona go tsamaya lobaka mo dinokeng di tshwana le ya Limpopo.<ref>Pienaar, U. de V., [[:en:Kruger_National_Park|''The Freshwater Fishes of the Kruger National Park'',]] Koedoe Vol 11, No 1 (1968)</ref> Dikwena tse di nnang mo nokeng e di fitlha kwa [[Thohoyandou]].<ref>Pijoos, Iavan (2 April 2020). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-04-02-limpopo-fisherman-eaten-by-crocodile/ "Limpopo fisherman 'eaten by crocodile'"]. ''South Africa''. timeslive.co.za. TimesLive. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> == Matamo == * [[Letamo la Albasini]] * [[Letamo la Mambedi]] * [[Letamo la Tshakuma]] * [[Letamo la Damani]] * [[Letamo la Nandoni]] * [[Letamo la Vondo]] mo nokeng ya Mutshindudi * [[Letamo la Phiphidi]] == Metswedi == t91b6pvnyvvqg7636d90a9z9aw23km7 0 13330 50789 50207 2026-06-16T11:05:16Z Lucrucia98 12161 50789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Glen Alpine''' ke letamo le le ikepetsweng le le kwa [[Noka ya Mogalakwena|nokeng ya Mogalakwena]], gaufi le Ga-Mankgodi, kwa Bochum [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]], [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa.]] Le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro (1968) le agelwa go nosetsa. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa letamo le e mo maemong a a kwa godimo.<ref>[https://www.mindat.org/feature-1001785.html "Mindat.org".] ''www.mindat.org''. Retrieved 5 June 2026.</ref><ref>Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. [https://www.dws.gov.za/ghreport/reports/2.2(677).pdf "Glen Alpine Regional Groundwater Development"] (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2026.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Melatswana le matamo kwa Aforika Borwa]] * [[Dinoka kwa Aforika Borwa]] == Metswedi == 1d3bbphscgxgvpod4j4eojjxj0w2x9i 0 13332 50790 50209 2026-06-16T11:10:25Z Lucrucia98 12161 50790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Doorndraai''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka ditena kwa nokeng ya Sterk, kwa kgampung ya [[noka ya Mogalakwena]], le gaufi le [[Mokopane]], kwa [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]], [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>"[https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/doorndraai-dam.php Doorndraai Dam Nature Reserve, Limpopo".] ''www.sa-venues.com''. Retrieved 5 June 2026.</ref> Le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le makgolo a matlhano le bobedi (1952) la ntšhafadiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le makgolo a supa le bone (1974). Le dirisediwa madirelo le mmasepala. Borai jwa lone bo kwa godimo.<ref>Dearden, John (8 December 2020). [https://foranglers.co.za/doorndraai-dam-limpopo-waterberg/ "Doorndraai Dam, Limpopo – Waterberg"]. ''For Anglers Digital Angling Network''. Retrieved 5 June 2026.</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Melatswana le matamo kwa Aforika Borwa]] * [[Dinoka kwa Aforika Borwa]] == Metswedi == 9hsdi07q2cord6o5dzb6059vfrzu6w0 0 13568 50771 50689 2026-06-16T07:00:52Z OtengPortia 12840 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50771 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Tanganyika<ref>Yohannes,Okbazghi (2008). Water resources and inter-riparian relations in the Nile basin. SUNY Press. p. 127.</ref> ke nngwe ya [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]].<ref>Burton, Richard Francis (1965). Richards, Charles (ed.). ''Burton and Lake Tanganyika''. Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180480726 180480726.]</ref> Ke [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_volume|letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi]],[[:en:List_of_lakes_by_depth|le ka boteng]], ka makgetho a mabedi le le latlhegelwa fela ke [[:en:Lake_Baikal|Lake Baikal]] kwa [[:en:Siberia|Siberia]].<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika"]. ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref>Lewis, R. (16 May 2010)[https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika . "Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika".] Brown University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051107/https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika Archived] from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.</ref> Le gape ke letsha le le telele go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika".] ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> Ka bogolo jwa lefelo, [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_area|ke la bo 6 mo lefatsheng]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655 "World's largest lakes | Description, Area, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Letsha leno le abelanwa ke dinaga di le nne: [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] le Zambia. Tanzania e na le karolo e kgolo ya letsha (mo e ka nnang 46%), mme Democratic Republic of the Congo e na le mo e ka nnang 40%. Letsha la Tanganyika le elela metsi a lona ka noka ya [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River]] go tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Noka ya Congo]], e e feleletsang e tshela kwa toropong ya [[:en:Banana,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Banana]] go tsena mo [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]].<ref name=":0">[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3587 "LAKE TANGANYIKA".] ''World Lake Database, International Lake Environment Committee Foundation''. Retrieved 12 January 2025.</ref> '''Jeokorafi''' Lake Tanganyika ke [[:en:Ancient_lake|letsha la bogologolo thata]], mme ke lengwe la matsha a le masome a mabedi fela mo lefatsheng a a nang le dingwaga tse di fetang milione e le nngwe. Dikarolo tsa lone tse tharo tse dikgolo, tse mo dinakong tse metsi a neng a le kwa tlase thata di neng di le matsha a a ikemetseng ka nosi, tsotlhe di na le dingwaga tse di farologaneng. Karolo ya bogare e simolotse go bopiwa dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 9 go ya go 12 tse di fetileng. Karolo ya bokone e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 7 go ya go 8 tse di fetileng. fa karolo ya borwa e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 2 go ya go 4 tse di fetileng.<ref>Cohen; Soreghan; Scholz (1993). "Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system". ''Geology''. '''21''' (6): 511–514. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Geo....21..511C 1993Geo....21..511C.] doi:[https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281993%29021%3C0511%3AETAOFO%3E2.3.CO%3B2 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0511:ETAOFO>2.3.CO;2.]</ref> Gompieno, Letsha la Tanganyika le mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift,]] e leng lekala la bophirima la [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. Le dikologilwe ke dithaba tse di kwa matlhakoreng a mokgatšha wa phatlogo ya lefatshe. Ke letsha le legolo go feta tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Rift_lake|rift]] mo Afrika, mme ke la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi a a foreshe. Gape ke letsha le le boteng go feta tsotlhe mo Afrika le le tshwereng metsi a mantsi a a foreshe go feta tsotlhe mo kontineng ya Afrika. Le tshwere mo e ka nnang 16% ya metsi a a foreshe a lefatshe a a ka dirisiwang.Letsha leno le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 676 le anametse go tswa bokone go ya borwa ka bophara jwa palogare ya dikilometara di le 50. Le akaretsa lefelo la dikilometara tse di khubiki di le 32,000 ka lotshitshi lwa boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,900. Palogare ya boteng ke dimetara di le 572 fa boteng jo bogolo ke dimetara di le 1,471, jo bo fitlhelwang mo karolong ya bokone. Go akanyediwa gore letsha leno le tshwere metsi a ka nna 18,750 km³, e leng bongata jo bogolo thata jwa metsi a a foreshe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991110092358/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html "Datbase Summary: Lake Tanganyika"]. ''ilec.or.jp''. Japan: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Archived from [http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html the original] on 10 November 1999. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Tanganyika lena le [[:en:Drainage_basin|mokgatšha]] wa metsi o o ka nnang 231,000 km².Go na le dinoka tse dikgolo di le pedi tse di tsenang mo letsheng leno, mmogo le dinoka tse dinnye le melatswana e mentsi. Melatswana eno gantsi e khutshwane ka ntlha ya dithaba tse di kwa godimo le tse di matsutsuba tse di dikologileng letsha. Noka e le yosi e kgolo e e tswang mo letsheng ke [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River,]] e e elelang e tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River.]] Pula le mouoane di na le karolo e kgolo go feta dinoka mo tsamaisong ya metsi a letsha. Go akanyediwa gore bonyenyane 90% ya metsi a a tsenang a tswa mo puleng e e nelelang mo godimo ga letsha, mme bonyenyane 90% ya tahlegelo ya metsi e bakwa ke go mowa ga metsi ka tlhamalalo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O.]]; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> Noka e kgolo ke [[:en:Ruzizi_River|Ruzizi River]], e e bopilweng dingwaga di ka nna 10,000 tse di fetileng, e e tsenang mo bokone jwa letsha e tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]].<ref name=":2">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). ''Natural Wonders of the World''. US: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 366–67. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89577-087-5|<bdi>978-0-89577-087-5</bdi>.]]</ref> [[:en:Malagarasi_River|Malagarasi River]] ke noka ya bobedi ka bogolo mo Tanzania, mme e tsena mo letlhakoreng la botlhaba la letsha.<ref name=":2" /> Noka eno e kgologolo go feta letsha ka bolone, mme pele letsha le bopiwa, e ka bo e ne e le karolo ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya [[:en:Lualaba_River|Lualaba River]], e leng mothopo o mogolo wa Noka ya Congo River.<ref name=":1" /> Noka e kgolo e e tswang mo Zambia e bile e tsenang mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ke [[:en:Lufubu_River|Lufubu]] River. E tswa mo thoteng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha, e elela go ya kwa bokone-bophirima go ralala dithaba, morago ga moo e retologela go ya bokone-botlhaba go tsena mo letsheng gaufi le Nsumbu.<ref>[https://africageographic.com/stories/nsumbu-national-park/ "Nsumbu National Park"]. ''Africa Geographic''. Retrieved 3 June 2026.</ref> Lake Tanganyika e na le histori e e raraaneng ya diphetogo tsa tsela e metsi a elelang ka yone, ka ntlha ya boleele jo bogolo jwa yone, boteng jo bogolo, go tlala ga yone ka bonya, le lefelo la yone le le kwa dithabeng mo kgaolong e e nang le tiro e ntsi ya dithoromo tsa dithaba tse di tlhotlhogang le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete. Go bonala gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha leno ga le ise le ko le nne le phatlha e e tswang ka tlhamalalo go ya lewatleng. Ka ntlha ya seno, le tlhalosiwa jaaka [[:en:Endorheic|“endorheic ka bontsi”.]] Go kgokagana ga letsha le lewatle go ikaegile ka gore metsi a tshwanetse go nna kwa godimo thata mo a ka kgonang go elela go tswa mo letsheng ka Lukuga River go tsena mo tsamaisong ya Congo River.<ref name=":2" /> Fa metsi a sa elele, go tsenwa ga metsi mo Lukuga go gantsi go thibelwa ke mebala ya motlhaba le dimela tsa metsi tse dintsi. Ka nako eo, noka eno e ikaega mo dinokeng tsa yone tse dinnye, segolobogolo Niemba River, go tshegetsa go elela ga yone.<ref name=":1" /> Go simolola ka bo-1990, selekanyo sa metsi mo Lake Tanganyika se ne sa tlhatloga ka mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 2, se baka go rwala matlo le dikago tse di gaufi le lotshitshi.<ref>[https://worldwater.earth/water-surface-elevation-timeseries-reveals-the-rising-water-levels-in-lake-tanganyika "Water surface elevation timeseries reveals the rising water levels in Lake Tanganyika"]. ''WorldWater''. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref> Seno se bonagala thata mo toropong ya Nsumbu, gaufi le lotshitshi magareng ga jetty le molomo wa Chisala River, e ka nna dikilometara di le 2 go ya kwa bokone-bophirima. Magareng ga 2018 le 2024, metsi a ne a tsenelela mo teng ga toropo go fitlha mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 300 go tswa mo lotshitshing lwa 2018.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/search/Nsumbu/@-8.5164746,30.4729444,1517m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D "Nsumbu"]. ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://earth.google.com/web/@-8.51664622,30.47719045,771.76267068a,1405.28427165d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDE4LTExLTI2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA "Google Earth imagery showing Nsumbu settlement and shoreline, Zambia".] ''Google Earth - Use the historical slider to select past views''. Google Earth. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Go akanyediwa gape gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha le ka tswa le ne le na le ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tsena le go tswa ga metsi. Go akantshiwa gore metsi a ka tswa a ne a tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Rukwa|Lake Rukwa]] e e kwa godimo, kgotsa go ka tswa go ne go na le kgokagano le [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], mme le gone go kile ga akanyediwa tsela ya go tswa e e yang kwa Noka ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] River. Tsotlhe tseno di bontsha gore histori ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya letsha e fetogile gantsi mo dingwageng di le dimilione.<ref>Lévêque, Christian (1997). ''Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa''. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press.]] p. 110. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57033-6|<bdi>978-0-521-57033-6</bdi>.]]</ref> '''Dikarolo tsa metsi''' Metsi a Lake Tanganyika a na le [[:en:Hard_water|alkaline]] e e kwa godimo, ka [[:en:PH|pH]] e e ka nnang 9 mo boteng jwa dimetara di le 0–100.<ref name=":3">De, Wever; Muylaert; der Gucht, Van; Pirlot; Cocquyt; Descy; Plisnier; Vyverman (2005). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 "Bacterial Community Composition in Lake Tanganyika: Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity".] ''Appl Environ Microbiol''. '''71''' (9): 5029–5037. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApEnM..71.5029D 2005ApEnM..71.5029D.] doi:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005|10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 1214687.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16151083 16151083.]</ref> Kwa tlase ga moo, pH e nna mo e ka nnang 8.7, mme e fokotsega ka bonya go fitlha mo magareng ga 8.3 le 8.5 mo mafelong a a boteng go feta tsotlhe a letsha.<ref name=":3" /> Mokgwa o o tshwanang o bonwa mo [[:en:Electric_conductivity|phitisong ya motlakase]], e e tlogang mo e ka nnang 670 μS/cm mo godimo ga metsi go fitlha go 690 μS/cm mo mafelong a a boteng thata.<ref name=":3" /> Themperetšha ya godimo ga metsi gantsi e ka nna 24°C mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ka Phatwe, mme e ka tlhatloga go 28–29°C kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya dipula ka Mopitlwe–Moranang.<ref name=":4">Edmond; Stallard; Craigh; Weiss; Coulter (1993). [[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|"Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika".]] ''Limnol. Oceanogr''. '''38''' (4): 725–738. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993LimOc..38..725E 1993LimOc..38..725E.] doi:[[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725]]</ref> Kwa boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 400, themperetšha e nna e sa fetoge thata, e le mo magareng ga 23.1°C le 23.4°C.<ref>O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Alin, Simone R.; Plisnier, Pierre-Denis; Cohen, Andrew S.; Mckee, Brent A. (14 August 2003). "Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Nature''. '''424''' (6950): 766–768. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.424..766O 2003Natur.424..766O]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1038/nature01833|10.1038/nature01833.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917682 12917682.] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1637315 1637315]</ref> Metsi a letsha a ntse a oketsega mogote ka bonya fa e sale go tswa mo lekgolong la bo-19 la dingwaga, mme seno se potlakile le go feta ka ntlha ya [[:en:Global_warming|go gotela ga lefatshe]] fa e sale go tswa mo bo-1950.<ref>Jensen, M.R. (8 August 2016). [https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming "Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming".] University of Arizona. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306085806/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming Archived] from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref> Letsha le [[:en:Lake_stratification|kgaogane]] ka dikarolo tsa metsi tse di sa kopaneng bonolo. Go tlhakatlhakana ga metsi ka dipaka gantsi ga go fete boteng jwa dimetara di le 150.<ref name=":4" /> Go tlhakatlhakana gono go diragala thata mo karolong ya borwa ka ntlha ya diphefo tse di [[:en:Upwelling|sutisang metsi a a tsididi go tswa kwa tlase go ya godimo.]] Gape go na le go tlhatloga le go fologa ga metsi mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa letsha.<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (2003). "Recent research in the African Great Lakes: Fisheries, biodiversity and cichlid evolution". ''Freshwater Forum''. '''20''' (1): 4–64.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go kgaogana gono ga metsi, dikarolo tse di boteng thata di na le se se bidiwang [[:en:Fossil_water|metsi a bogologolo]]<ref>Hutter; Yongqi; and Chubarenko (2011). Physics of Lakes, volume 1: Foundation of the Mathematical and Physical Background. P. 11. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-642-15178-1|<bdi>978-3-642-15178-1</bdi>.]]</ref> a a sa tlhakaneng le a kwa godimo ka dingwaga tse dintsi. Seno se raya gore dikarolo tse di boteng ga di na [[:en:Oxygen|oksijene .]] Ka jalo ditlhapi le [[:en:Obligate_aerobe|diphologolo tsotlhe tse di tlhokang oksijene]] di kgona go tshela fela mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo tsa letsha. Mo bokone jwa letsha, molelwane ono wa oksijene o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 100 fa mo borwa<ref>Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> jwa letsha, o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 240–250. Dikarolo tse di boteng go feta tsotlhe tsa letsha di na le selekanyo se segolo sa [[:en:Hydrogen_sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]], gase e e botlhole.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Ryan, Emily; Todd, Jonathan A.; McGlue, Michael; Kimirei, Ismael; Soreghan, Michael (2017). "Variation in Taphonomic Character of Shell Beds in Lake Tanganyika, Africa: Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Implications of Shell Beds in Lakes". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 304608. Geological Society of America. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1130/abs/2017am-304608|10.1130/abs/2017am-304608]]</ref> {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] qbbckatfmaiueyu1dq2ikytu0mzlhyy 0 13571 50768 50655 2026-06-16T00:54:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Freetown-aerialview.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Rokel]] '''Noka ya Rokel''' (e bile e bitswa '''Noka ya Seli'''; pele e ne e bitswa '''Noka ya Pamoronkoh''') ke yona noka e kgolo mo Repaboliking ya [[Sierra Leone]] kwa Afrika Borwa-Bophirima. Setšhaba sa noka se lekanya 10,622 km² (4,101 mi²), mme metsi a yona a aroganywa ke dithaba tsa Gbengbe le Kabala le dithaba tsa Sula. Letsha la molomo wa noka le le akaretsang sebaka sa 2,950 km² (1,140 mi²) le ne la bewa jaaka sebaka sa Ramsar sa botlhokwa ka ngwaga wa 1999.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211324/http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1SL001en_part1.pdf "Sierra Leone Estuary: Proposed Ramsar Site"] (PDF). Wetland Organization. Retrieved 3 July 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf "1014, Sierra Leone River Estuary"] (PDF). Ramsar organization. 13 December 1999. Retrieved 7 July 2013</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Noka ya Rokel e tlhatloga mo bogodimong jwa 900-metres (3,000 ft) mo dithabeng tsa Loma Mountains, kwa Guinea Highlands kwa bokone jwa Sierra Leone, e elela kwa borwabophirima jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a ferangbongwe (390) go ralala dithaba mme, mmogo le noka e nnye e e tshwanang e e bidiwang Port Loko Creek, e elela mo molomong wa noka ya Rokel pele ga e tsena mo Lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka e, morago ga go kopana le Noka ya Bankasoka, gape e bidiwa Noka ya Sierra Leone, e boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mane (40) mme e na le bophara jwa dikilometara di le 16.1. Freetown le Pepel ke maemakepe a mabedi a a leng mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya noka.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFBird2010|Bird 2010]], p. 933.</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506982/Rokel-River "Rokel River"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 3 July 2013</ref> Fa noka e ntse e atologa e bo e kopana le lewatle la Atlantic, bophara jwa yone bo ka nna dikilometara di le 11 (6,8 mi). Lebopo la borwa ke lone le le boteng go gaisa mme le dira boemakepe jwa tlholego, jo go begwang fa e le jwa boraro ka bogolo mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":0" /> Ditlhaka tsa mangrove le dithota tsa seretse ke tsone tse di laolang tikologo (tse di dirang lesome la boferabongwe (19%) ya sekgwa sa mangrove mo nageng) <ref name=":0" />tse di lemogilweng go dikologa noka ya ria.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFBird2010|Bird 2010]], p. 933.</ref> Mokgatsha wa noka o na le bogolo jwa 10,622 square kilometres (4,101 sq mi), mme metsi a kgaogantswe ke dithaba tsa Gbengbe le Kabala le Dithaba tsa Sula. Rokel e wela dimetara di le lesome le botlhano (15) kwa diphororong tsa Bumbuna. <ref name=":1">[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFBrebbiaPopov2013|Brebbia & Popov 2013]], p. 45.</ref>Mefuta ya di-mangrove tse di begilweng ke Rhizophora, Avicennia, Laguncularia, le Conocarpus, tse di akaretsang bogolo jwa diheketara di le 34.23 (84.6 acres).<ref name=":0" />Freetown e e leng motsemoshate wa Sierra Leone e kwa botsenong jwa Noka ya Sierra Leone, dikilometara di ka nna masome a mane (40) go tswa kwa boemakepeng jwa Pepel. == Thutafatshe == Noka ya Rokel le melatswana ya yone e tlhalosiwa jaaka "Rokel River Group" go ithuta ka jeoloji. Go begwa fa popego ya thutafatshe mo setlhopheng seno e le ya popego ya Tabe e e nang le marothodi a dikgapetla tsa aese a a busang mo ntlheng ya botlhaba mme a tlhageletse go bapa le noka mo dikarolong dingwe; popego ya thutafatshe e e lemogilweng mo nokeng ke matlapa a granite. Go bonala e le maje a a menwang a sedimentary. Gape go begilwe gore orogeny ya yone e tswa mo dingwageng tsa Pan-African thermo-tectonic tsa dingwaga tse di ka nnang 550 Ma.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFHambreyHarland2011|Hambrey & Harland 2011, pp]]. 132, 133.</ref>Go ya ka thutafatshe ke lekadiba le le laolwang ke tectonic le le nang le dipopego tsa Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian le Pleistocene. Noka eno e dikologilwe ke Dithaba tsa Sula kwa borwabotlhaba le dithaba tsa Gbengbe le Kabal kwa bophirima. Mogogoro o o itsegeng thata mo nokeng o bidiwa Bumbuna water falls koo noka e welang ka lesome le botlhano (15 metres) (49 ft) go tlamela ka kago ya porojeke ya motlakase wa metsi.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFRosbjerg1997|Rosbjerg 1997]], p. 496.</ref> == Ditso == John MacCormac, rrakgwebo wa Mo-Ireland, o ne a nna kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Timbo ka ngwaga wa 1816 mme a simolola go romela kwa ntle Oak ya Aforika go tswa Nokeng ya Rokel.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161011223122/http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/mccormack_john.html "McCormack, John".] ''Dictionary of African Christian Biography''. Center for Global Christianity and Mission. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016</ref>Kgwebo eno e ne e le kgolo ka nakwana mme kgabagare e ne ya fokotsega. Kgwebo ya meepo ya tshipi le ya gauta e simolotse kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1920 le kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1930, fa porojeke ya motlakase wa metsi ya Bumbuna Falls e ntse e tsweletse. <ref name=":1" />Batho ba Yalunka ba ne ba tlhoma motsemogolo wa bone, Falaba, gaufi le motswedi wa Rokel.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFShillington2004|Shillington 2004,]] p. 922.</ref>Noka eno e e nang le bogolo jwa dikete tse pedi le makgolo a ferangbongwe le masome a matlhano (2,950 square kilometres) (1,140 sq mi), e ne ya kwalwa mo lenaaneng la Ramsar site of wetland importance ka ngwaga wa 1999.<ref>[https://www.ramsar.org/news/sierra-leone-becomes-ramsars-118th-contracting-party "Sierra Leone becomes Ramsar's 118th Contracting Party".] ''ramsar.org''. 15 January 2000.</ref><ref>United Nations Environment Programme: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, (2007), p. [[:en:Rokel_River#cite_note-13|41]]</ref>Lefelo leno le kgabagantswe ke Cape Point kwa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa Freetown, le Noka ya Bunce mo go nngwe ya dintshi tsa yone, le Tagrin Point kwa dikarolo tsa Rokel di kopanelang teng kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa molomo wa yone.<ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2025, Thomas Mariee o ne a fetsa go fologa sekgala sa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro le botlhano (365) a le nosi ka mokorwana mo Nokeng ya Rokel mo malatsing a le lesome le bosupa (17). == Tlhabololo == Go ne ga lekanngwa selekanyo sa metsi a a elelang mo nokeng ya Rokel kwa mafelong a le mararo a go lekanyetsang metsi. Go ne ga begwa gore selekanyo se se kwa godimo le se se kwa tlase sa metsi a a tshololwang kwa Magbass, e leng nngwe ya diteishene tse tharo, ke dikubita tsa dimetara di le 1.905 (67,300 cu ft) le dikubita tsa dimetara di le bobedi (2)(71 cu ft). Go na le diporojeke di le dintsi tse di tlhabolotsweng mo lekadibeng la noka tse di tsereng ditlhokego tsa tsone tsa tlamelo ya metsi go tswa mo nokeng eno.<ref name=":2" /> Go epiwa ga tshipi kwa Marampa go ikaegile ka metsi a a pompiwang go tswa mo nokeng. Tumalano ya Ditshwanelo tsa Metsi a Noka ya Rokel (Thanolo) e ne ya saenwa le batlhabolodi ba meepo; meepo e ntse e dira go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1933 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1975 ke Sierra Leone Development Company (DELCO) le Astro Minerals go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1983. Tumalano ya metsi e ne e neela "ditshwanelo tse di kgethegileng le tse di kgethegileng tsa go dirisa metsi a Rokel ka tumalano e e kgethegileng" ka lobaka lwa dingwaga di le masome a feranfbobedi le boferabongwe (89) go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa 1938. Ditlamorago tsa tikologo mo badirising ba ba kwa tlase le go latlhiwa ga ditshipi tse di tswang mo ditirong tsa meepo ga di ise di sekasekiwe. Tshipi e e ntshiwang e feletse ka gore go fokodiwe bogodimo jwa nngwe ya dithaba tse di nang le ore ka dimetara di le 24.4 (80 ft).<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosbjerg1997497%E2%80%9398-14|Rosbjerg 1997]], pp. 497–98</ref> Go epa gauta mo Dithabeng tsa Sula le mo sedimenteng sa noka ya Rokel e ne e le tiro e kgolo e e neng ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa 1929 mo nokeng eno le mo dinokeng tse di e dikologileng fa go sena go bonwa gauta mo dithabeng. Go ne ga dirwa dipatlisiso ka mouwane wa sediment go bona gore a go na le arsenic e ntsi. Tiro ya go epa e ne e dirwa mo nokeng go dirisiwa diatla. Tiro eno ya moepo wa gouta e tlhalositswe e le e e senyang tikologo ka ntlha ya go senngwa ga dikgwa ka maikaelelo a go epa meepo e bakile kgogolego e kgolo ya dithaba mme ka jalo ya dira gore noka le melatswana ya yone e nne le seretse.<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFRosbjerg1997|Rosbjerg 1997,]] p. 497.</ref> Letamo la Bumbuna le agilwe mo nokeng ka go aga letamo la bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a ferangbongwe le boraro (93) mo karolong e tshesane ya noka, e leng se se dirileng letsha le le katologang dikilometara di le masome a mararo (30) go ya kwa godimo. Porojeke ya go nosetsa ya Magbass e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong kwa tlase ga letamo. China e ne ya thusa mo go diragatseng porojeke eno ya go jala mmidi wa sukiri. Porojeke e, e e diragaditsweng ka ngwaga wa 1980, e kwa Magbass mo dintshing tsa noka mme e na le taolo ya nosetso ya makgolo a ferangbobedi le masome a ferangbobedi (880 square kilometres) (340 sq mi).<ref>[[:en:Rokel_River#CITEREFRosbjerg1997|Rosbjerg 1997,]] p. 499.</ref> == Dimela le diphologolo == Dimela tse di mo molomong wa noka eno di na le dikgwa tsa di-mangrove. Dinonyane tsa lefelo leno di akaretsa dinonyane di le dikete tse lesome (10 000) tsa mefuta e le masome a mararo le borataro ( 36) (rekoto ya 1995). Gape go begilwe gore go na le mefuta e le robedi ya di-wader tsa mariga tse di begilweng tse di emelang 1% ya palo ya tsone mo lefatsheng. == Metswedi == <references /> 42npenwz3g9pwpxjue9etxynm1r0zya 0 13578 50767 50598 2026-06-16T00:51:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cachoeiras do Binda.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Cuvo]] '''Cuvo''' ke noka e e mo bogareng jwa Angola. Molomo wa noka o kwa Lewatleng la Atlantic kwa Benguela Bay, kwa Cuanza Sul Province.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=obA9AAAAYAAJ&dq=cuvo+river&pg=PA498 The Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: South and east Africa], Elisée Reclus, Ernest George Ravenstein, Augustus Henry Keane, D. Appleton, 1890, p. 8</ref> Cuvo ke leina la yone la kwa godimo; kwa tlase e bidiwa Keve kgotsa Queve. <ref>[http://angolaemb.com/angola.swf Angola Tourism] Archived 2013-11-06 at the Portuguese Web Archive, Angola Embassy</ref>Noka e kgona go tsamaisiwa go ya kwa Binga Falls gaufi le Gabela. Dinoka tse dikgolo tse di elelang mo go yone di akaretsa Noka ya Cussoi. Noka eno e ka tswa e le karolo e e kwa borwa ya lefelo le manatee ya Afrika e fitlhelwang kwa go lone.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&dq=cuvo+river&pg=PA601 A Directory of African Wetlands,] R. H. Hughes, J. S. Hughes, G. M. Bernacsek, IUCN, 1992</ref>Lefelo la noka le le nang le metsi le sekgwa sa Kumbira ke karolo ya lefelo le le botlhokwa la dinonyane le le nang le mefuta e le mmalwa e e sa tlwaelegang. <ref>[http://www.stanford.edu/~cagan/Angola_Sekercioglu&Riley.pdf A brief survey of the birds in Kumbira Forest, Gabela, Angola, Çagan H Sekercioglu and Adam Riley, Ostrich 2005], ISSN 0030-6525ISSN 0030-6525, 76(3&4): 111–117</ref> Molomo wa noka eno o na le mangrove.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140512153617/http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/ANGOLA.pdf 5.1 Angola] Archived 2014-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, Ramsar Sites Information Service</ref> == Metswedi == t90ntnahhkcacfqmbs361z2514x2mqb 0 13586 50754 50650 2026-06-15T23:56:42Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fadzayi Mahere''' (o tshotswe ka Phukwi a le malatsi a masome mararo ka ngwaga wa 1985) ke mmueledi le lepolotiki la kwa lefatsheng la Zimbabwe yo o tlogetseng tiro ya go nna Leloko la Palamente la [[Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Mount Pleasant]] kwa [[Harare]].<ref name="Resign">{{Cite news|last=New Ziana|first=|date=29 January 2024|title=CCC Legislator Mahere Resigns from Parly|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/ccc-legislator-mahere-resigns-from-parly/#:~:text=Mahere%20said%20she%20had%20submitted,contaminated%2C%20bastardised%20and%20hijacked%E2%80%9D.}}</ref> E ne e le Mmueledi wa Bosetšhaba wa [[Citizens Coalition for Change]], lekoko la sepolotiki kwa [[Zimbabwe]] magareng ga 2022 le 2023. Morago ga tiro ya gagwe ya go nna mmueledi wa semolao, o ne a tlhagelela mo e ka nnang ka Moranang 2016 la ntlha jaaka ntlhopheng yo o ikemetseng wa palamente, mme a tsaya karolo mo ditlhophong tsa 2018.<ref name="Flood">{{Cite news|last=Flood|first=Zoe|date=7 July 2022|title=The Zimbabwean political figure fighting for her country's future|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/longform/2022/7/7/the-zimbabwean-political-leader-fighting-for-her-countrys-future}}</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 2019 o ne a tsenelela MDC Alliance<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndlovu |first=Mandipa |date=2019-06-20 |title=Zimbabwe: Fadzayi Mahere's move to the MDC Alliance could rejuvenate the party |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-21-zimbabwe-fadzayi-maheres-move-to-the-mdc-alliance-could-rejuvenate-the-party/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> mme morago ga moo a fenya [[Mount Pleasant]] mo ditlhophong tse di kopantsweng tsa 2023 pele ga a tlogela tiro ka Firikgong a le masome a mabedi le borataro ka 2024. Ka nako ya ditshupegetso tsa 2016–2017 tsa Zimbabwe, o ne a tshwarwa makgetlho a le mmalwa. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Fadzayi Mahere o goletse kwa [[Mount Pleasant]] kwa [[Harare]], mme o tsene [[Sekolo sa Arundel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zvorufura |first=Faith |date=1 December 2017 |title=#16DaysofActivism: Profiling Fadzai Mahere |url=http://www.263chat.com/16daysofactivism-profiling-fadzayi-mahere |website=263 Chat}}</ref> O ne a ikwadisa ka 2004 kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]], kwa a neng a bona dikirii ya Bachelor of Law Honors (LLB Hons) ka 2008. Ka 2010 o ne a ikwadisa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cambridge]] go bona dikirii ya Masters ya Melao ya Molao wa Melato ya Boditšhabatšhaba le Dikgetsi tsa Boditšhabatšhaba tsa Kgwebo<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201803080770.html|title=Africa: 10 Inspirational Women You Might Want to Know|date=8 March 2018|work=263Chat|access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref> == Tiro == Ka Seetebosigo 2016, Mmueledi Mahere o ne a tsaya karolo mo dipatlisisong tsa setšhaba tsa [[Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe]] ka ga go gatisa le go tlhagisa dipampiri tsa tlaleletso tsa bonto tsa 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2018 |title=Citizens grill RBZ boss on bond notes |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/citizens-grill-rbz-governor-over-bond-notesthisflag-campaign-founder-pastor-evan-mawarire-with-rbz-boss-john-mangudya/ |access-date=8 January 2020 |website=www.newzimbabwe.com}}</ref> Kwa tiragalong eo, Mahere o ne a tlhomolola gore dipampiri tsa bonto di ne di sa dumalane le molaomotheo, go ya ka Kgaolo ya bolesome le bosupa ya Molaomotheo wa matlole a setšhaba. Gape ka 2016, jaaka karolo ya mokgatlho wa balweladitshwanelo #thisflagmovement, o ne a simolola go rotloetsa le go kokoanya batho, a dirisa bogolo jang metswedi ya bobegadikgang jwa botsalano jaaka [[Facebook Live]] le Twitter go tsogologela puso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gukurume |first=Simbarashe |date=6 November 2017 |title=Young female political activists and the struggle for democracy in Zimbabwe |url=http://www.democracyinafrica.org/young-female-political-activists-and-the-struggle-for-democracy-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=7 March 2018 |website=Democracy in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2017 o ne a itsise ka kopo ya gagwe ya go emela motsethoko wa Harare wa [[Mount Pleasant]] mo ditlhophong tsa 2018 jaaka ntlhopheng [[yo o ikemetseng]]. O ne a tshwarwa ka ngwaga wa 2017 morago ga go rulaganya kgaisano ya kgwele ya dinao mo kgaolong ya gagwe mme a latofadiwa ka fa tlase ga molao wa tolamo le tshireletsego ya setshaba (POSA).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Manayiti|first=Obey|date=29 October 2017|title=Fadzayi Mahere arrested|url=https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2017/10/29/fadzayi-mahere-arrested/}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019 o ne a tsenelela semmuso lekoko la [[Movement for Democratic Change]] (MDC) jaaka Mokwaledi wa Thuto. Ka Motsheganong 2020 o ne a itsisiwe jaaka Mmueledi wa Bosetšhaba wa tirisanommogo ya [[MDC Alliance]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinga |first=Alois |date=28 May 2020 |title=Chamisa appoints Mahere spokesperson in MDC mini reshuffle |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/chamisa-appoints-mahere-spokesperson-in-mdc-mini-reshuffle/ |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Diphitlhelelo tse di tlhomologileng == Mahere e ne e le karolo ya setlhopha sa Mogakolodi yo o Etelelang Pele ([[Zimbabwe]]) se se neng sa fenya Kgaisano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Aforika Yotlhe ya Molao wa Setho kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]], ka 2007 mme o ne a abelwa sekgele sa Ngangisano e e Gaisang Tsotlhe ya Molomo mo Makgaolakgannyeng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2010 |title=UZ wins 2010 Law Moot Court competition – NewsDay Zimbabwe |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2010/11/2010-11-01-uz-wins-2010-law-moot-court-competition/ |access-date=10 March 2018 |website=www.newsday.co.zw |language=en-US |archive-date=10 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310075742/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2010/11/2010-11-01-uz-wins-2010-law-moot-court-competition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] efblahycrkbnonw4ukowtil7db4ltcb 0 13591 50759 50662 2026-06-16T00:18:07Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Ethiopia rel location map.svg|thumb|Noka ya Ethiopia]] '''Letamo la Koka''' (Amharic; Oromo) ke letamo kwa borwa-bogare jwa Ethiopia. E ne ya tlhamiwa ka go agiwa ga letamo la Koka go kgabaganya Noka ya Awash. Letamo leno le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le lekgolo le masome a boferabobedi (180). == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == E mo Misraq Shewa Zone ya Kgaolo ya Oromia, gaufi le motsemogolo le toropo e kgolo ya Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Koka Reservoir e tumile mo bajanala le baagi ba toropo. Go na le mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga le dinonyane go dikologa letsha leno. Letamo le tshegetsa indaseteri ya go thaya ditlhapi; go ya ka Lefapha la Ditlhapi le Temothuo ya Lewatle la Ethiopia, ditone di le 625 (615 long tons; 689 short tons) tsa ditlhapi di a tsewa ngwaga le ngwaga, tse lefapha le di lekanyetsang e le masome a matlhano le bobedi (52% )kgotsa masome a ferangbobedi le boferabongwe (89%) ya selekanyo sa yone se se tsweletseng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033847/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm "Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"] Archived 2008-02-28 at the Wayback Machine (report dated January, 2003) Table 1 has the lower estimate for the maximum sustainable amount; Table 4 the higher estimate.</ref>Bobedi letamo le letamo di tshosediwa ke go oketsega ga sedimentation e e bakwang ke go senyega ga tikologo mmogo le go tlhaselwa ke water hyacinth. == Dikago == Letamo la Koka ke la konkoreite le le boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi (458) le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a mane le bosupa (47). Tlhogo e e dirisitsweng e boleele jwa dimetara di le masome a mararo le bobedi (32) go ya go masome a mane le bobedi (42). Mokonteraka wa konokono e ne e le Imprese Italiane all'Estero. Setlamo se se neng se tlamela didirisiwa e ne e le Gruppo Industriale Elettro Meccaniche per Impiante all'Estero, mme setlamo se se neng se tlamela didirisiwa le go aga diphatlha tsa motlakase e ne e le Società Anonima Elettrificazione. Kago e simolotse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa 1957 mme ya konelwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le nne (4) ka ngwaga wa 1960; tekanyetsokabo e ne e le Eth$ 30,641,000.<ref>[http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/k/ORTKOB.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] Archived 2011-05-28 at the Wayback Machine (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 12 June 2008</ref>Polante ya motlakase, e e nang le mela ya phetisetso ya 132 kV, e simolotse go dira ka botlalo ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi (28) ka ngwaga wa 1960. <ref>50th Anniversary: http://www.addisfortune.com/Vol%2010%20No%20540%20Archive/newsinbrief.htm</ref>Addis Ababa ke ene motlamedi wa ntlha. Total electric output is 110 GWh/year. <ref>Water Analysis for Ethiopia, THE WATER OF THE AWASH RIVER BASIN A FUTURE CHALLENGE TO ETHIOPIA http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files/pdf/publications/WorkingPapers/WaterofAwasBasin.pdf</ref>Leano la boenjiniri le ne la dirwa le go tsenngwa tirisong ke Mekonnen Weldayohanes == Metswedi == 3wckbkyl67wayt40z0rvl5998qrjo9r 0 13602 50757 50690 2026-06-16T00:17:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50757 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sierra Leone location map Topographic.png|thumb|kwa Letamo la Bumbuna le leng teng kwa Sierra Leone]] '''Letamo la Bumbuna''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka konkoreite le le tladitsweng ka matlapa mo Nokeng ya Seli gaufi le Bumbuna mo Kgaolong ya Tonkolili, Sierra Leone, <ref name=":0">Fid Thompson (9 February 2010). [https://www.voanews.com/a/sierra-leones-hydro-power-dam-lighting-up-freetown-84037107/153195.html "Sierra Leone's Hydro-Power Dam Lighting Up Freetown".] Voice of America.</ref>le dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano go tswa kwa motsemoshate wa Freetown, moreki yo mogolo. <ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161220113319/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/bumbuna-hydroelectric-power-plant.html "Bumbuna Hydroelectric Power Plant"]. Salini Impregilo</ref> Letamo la ntlha la motlakase wa metsi mo nageng, le tshegetsa seteišene sa motlakase sa masome a matlhano (50) megawatts (67,000 hp).<ref name=":0" /> Lefelo la letamo la Bumbuna Falls le ne la lemogiwa la ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso (1971), mme kago ya lone ya simololwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobgwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975). <ref name=":2">[https://www.power-technology.com/projects/bumbuna-station/ "Bumbuna Hydroelectric Power Station, Tonkolili District, West Africa, Sierra Leone".] ''power-technology.com''.</ref>Tiro e ne ya emisiwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo robabongwe le msome a robabobgwe le bosupa (1997), ka masome a robabobedi le botlhano (85% )e weditswe, ka ntlha ya Ntwa ya Selegae ya Sierra Leone, mme ya se ka ya simololwa gape go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano(2005). <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">[http://www.renewable-technology.com/projects/bumbuna-hydroelectric-power-station-tonkolili-district/ "Bumbuna Hydroelectric Power Station, Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone".] ''renewable-technology.com''.</ref>Porojeke e ne ya wediwa mme ya tsenngwa mo inthaneteng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boferabongwe (2009).<ref>"Sierra Leone (11/15/11)". United States Department of State.[https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/sierraleone/182274.htm]</ref>Mo e ka nnang nngwetharong ya ditshenyegelo tsa letamo la US$327 million ($103 million) e ne ya tlamelwa ke African Development Bank.<ref name=":2" />Pegelo ya kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le masome a mabedi le borataro (26) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) e ne ya supa fa metse e le masome a mararo le boraro (33) e tla amiwa ke letamo, le fa e le e le nngwe fela (ya malapa a le lesome le borataro (16 )le batho ba le 135) e tla tlhoka go fudusiwa.<ref>Dr. Robert Zwahlen (26 January 2005). [http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/927461468167368163/pdf/RP2950vol-01.pdf "Bumbuna Hydropower Project: Resettlement Action Plan for the Reservoir and Dam Area" (PDF). p. I.]</ref> Letamo le na le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masme a robabobedi le bosupa (87) (285 ft), boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mane (400) (1,300 ft) kwa setlhoeng le bogolo jwa dimetara di le dikhubiki di le 2,500,000 (88,000,000 cu ft).<ref name=":1" />Bokanakang jwa letamo le le tlhamilweng ke 410,000,000 cubic metres (1.4×1010 cu ft),<ref name=":1" />428,000,000 cubic metres (1.51×1010 cu ft) <ref name=":0" />kgotsa 480,000,000 cubic metres (1.7×1010 cu ft)<ref name=":3" />.Go na le diterekere tse pedi tsa Francis, nngwe le nngwe e na le maatla a dimekawate di le 25 (34,000 hp).<ref name=":2" /> Morago ga go wediwa, porojeke e ne ya nna le mathata, mme e ne e ntsha fela dimekawate di le lesome (10) (13,000 hp) <ref>Kemo Cham (25 February 2013). [http://www.africareview.com/business-finance/Why-Sierra-Leones-energy-crisis-just-got-worse/979184-1704108-8wai0y/index.html "Why Sierra Leone's energy crisis just about got worse".] ''africareview.com''.</ref> kgotsa dimekawate di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (25) (34,000 hp) <ref name=":4">Kimberly S. Johnson (11 September 2013). [http://www.theafricareport.com/West-Africa/sierra-leones-private-sector-rushes-to-fill-the-void-as-dam-disappoints.html "Sierra Leone's private sector rushes to fill the void as dam disappoints"]. The Africa Report.</ref>go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete le lesome le boraro (2013). Karolo ya bobedi e rulaganyeditswe go nna ya motlakase wa dimekawate di le lekgolo le lesome (110) (150,000 hp).<ref>[http://www.bumbuna.sl/admin/images/news/ESAP%20M1%20-%20Final%20Report%2010.11.04.pdf "Bumbuna Hydroelectric Power Project Completion Report"] (PDF). Bumbuna Hydro Electric Environmental And Social Management Project. Retrieved 25 March 2014</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011), puso e ne ya itsise gore e abetse porojeke ya Phase II ya diranta di le dimilione di le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano (750) go Joule Africa, e leng khampani e e nang le motsemogolo kwa UK. <ref name=":4" /> Se se tla akaretsa letamo la bobedi le semela.<ref name=":4" />Kago e ne e tshwanetse go simologa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) mme e tswelele go fitlha ka dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).<ref name=":4" /> == Metswedi == sa3hrws2tlsu7e6r3u4p806rer1892o 0 13603 50761 50691 2026-06-16T00:19:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50761 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:NA-Naute-stausee.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Naute]] '''Letamo la Naute''' ke letamo le le kwa ntle ga Keetmanshoop kwa Karas Region ya Namibia. E ne ya agiwa ke Concor magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a bosupa le (1970) le ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a bosupa le bobedi(1972) mme ya neelwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a bosupa le bobedi (1972). Ke letamo la boraro le legolo kwa Namibia morago ga letamo la Hardap kwa bokone jwa Naute mme le kgona go tshola metsi a a ka fitlhang go 69 million cubic metres. Motswedi wa letamo ke Noka ya Löwen, e e leng karolo ya Noka ya Fish. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140727212322/http://www.namibiatourism.com.na/country_s_region.php The South] Archived 2014-07-27 at the Wayback Machine Namibian Tourism Board</ref> == Kgwebo == Letamo la Naute le tlamela metsi a a nowang kwa Keetmanshoop le kwa dipolaseng dingwe tse di mabapi, mme le dirisiwa thata go nosetsa. E ntse e sa dirisiwe sentle mme ke e nngwe ya matamo a le mmalwa fela mo Namibia a gantsi a tladiwang ka botlalo.<ref>Cloete, Luqman (8 January 2010). [http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=61448&page=archive-read "Neckartal Dam questioned".] ''The Namibian''. p. 1.</ref> Porojeke ya Naute Aqua Fish Farms, e leng polase ya ditlhapi e e leng ya puso, e ikaegile ka letamo leno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090101003043/http://www.mti.gov.na/subpage.php?linkNo=113 Naute Aqua Fish Farms Project] Archived 2009-01-01 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Trade and Industry of Namibia</ref> Polasi ya Maungo ya Naute le yone e kwa Letamong la Naute. Polasi eno e lema thata matlhare a a romelwang kwa Yuropa. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), go ne go lebeletswe gore polasi eno e tla romela ditone di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi (180) tsa matlhare kwa dinageng di sele, fa ngwaga o o fetileng e ne e le ditone di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120). Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), polase e ne e thapile badiri ba nako e tletseng ba le makgolo a supa le borataro (76) le badiri ba setlha ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano (250).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110607184734/http://www.namibian.com.na/news-articles/national/full-story/archive/2009/march/article/good-date-harvest-in-south/ Good date harvest in South Archived] 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine The Namibian, 18 March 2009</ref> ntgwcys37lw2l5eylfu0gmdsm9n4rjl 0 13607 50756 50695 2026-06-16T00:17:49Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50756 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Avis dam, Windhoek, Namibia.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Avis]] '''Letamo la Avis''' ke letamo le le kwa ntle ga Windhoek, Namibia. E ne ya agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo l boraro (1933) ke balaodi ba kolone ya Afrika Borwa. E ne ya tlelwa ke metsi lekgetlo la ntlha ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa sekete. makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bone (1934), mme ya feta masome a supa le botlhano (75%) gape ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa( 2007).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090417065450/http://www.avisdam.org/index.html Friends of Avis Dam] Archived 2009-04-17 at the Wayback Machine AvisDam.org</ref> == Diphologolo == Go na le bobotlana mefuta e le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (187) ya dinonyane tse di farologaneng mo lefelong leno. == Metswedi == 5syr7byg7sq0bayt96qqk4m0as0y5ag 0 13614 50765 50702 2026-06-16T00:27:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:RetbaLakeShore.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Retba]] '''Letsha la Retba''', gape le itsege jaaka '''Lac Rose''' (le le rayang "letsha le le pinki"), ke letsha le le nang le letswai le le tseneletseng le le kwa bokone jwa [[Cape Verde]] peninsula kwa [[Senegal]], dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano (22 mi) bokone-botlhaba jwa motsemogolo, Dakar. E reeletswe ka metsi a yone a mmala wa pinki a a bakwang ke bolele jwa Dunaliella salina mme e itsege ka letswai le lentsi, le le ka fitlhang go 40% kwa mafelong mangwe. Gantsi mmala wa yone o nna bogale thata go tloga kwa bofelong jwa January go ya kwa masimologong a March, ka paka ya komelelo. Merwalela e e neng ya nna teng ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa diekete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022) e ne ya se ka ya kgoreletsa fela ditiro tsa go ntsha letswai mo letsheng, mme gape e ne ya dira gore letsha leno le latlhegelwe ke mmala wa lone, mme seo sa ama bojanala ka tsela e e sa siamang. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), letsha le ne la boa la nna le mmala wa lone. <ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250325-back-in-the-pink-senegal-salt-lake-gets-its-colour-back "Back in the pink: Senegal salt lake gets its colour back".] ''France 24''. 25 March 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro (2026), [[UNESCO]] e ne ya tsaya letsha leno e le lengwe la mafelo a a botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa lefatshe. == Tlhaloso == Letsha le le dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Dakar]],<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2080/ "Le Lac Rose".] ''UNESCO World Heritage Centre'' (in French). Retrieved 4 February 2023.</ref> le kgaogantswe le Lewatle la Atlantic fela ke mokgokolosa o o tshesane wa dithabana, mme le reeletswe ka metsi a lona a pinki, a a bakwang ke Dunaliella salina. Di-algae di tlhagisa mmala o mohibidu go di thusa go monya lesedi la letsatsi, le le di fang maatla a go dira ATP, e leng nucleotide e e tlhokegang go tlhagisa maatla. <ref name=":0">[https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/05/lake-retba-senegal-giant-strawberry-milkshake_n_1570007.html "Lake Retba in Senegal Looks Like A Giant Strawberry Milkshake".] [[:en:HuffPost|''HuffPost''.]] UK. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2019.</ref> Mmala o bonala thata ka paka ya komelelo (go tloga ka Ngwanatsele go ya go Motsheganong) mme ga o bonale thata ka paka ya dipula (ka Seetebosigo go ya go Diphalane).<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/22-epic-places-you-didnt-know-existed_n_4151416 "22 Epic Places You Didn't Know Existed"]. ''HuffPost''. 26 October 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2019.</ref> == Letswai == Letsha le itsege ka letswai le le kwa godimo (go fitlha go 40% kwa mafelong a mangwe), e leng se se bakwang ke go tsena ga metsi a lewatle le mowafalo wa one. <ref name=":0" /> Fela jaaka Lewatle le le Suleng, letsha leno le kgona go phaphasela mo godimo ga metsi mo batho ba kgonang go kokobala mo go lone.<ref name=":1">Handayani, Wuri; Paramitha, Tasya (19 June 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120814154952/http://us.life.viva.co.id/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal "Danau Pink, Sensasi Wisata Apung di Senegal".] ''VIVAnews'' (in Indonesian). Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20120814154952/http://us.life.viva.co.id/news/read/327036-danau-pink--sensasi-wisata-apung-di-senegal the original] on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.</ref> <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23759547 "How salt miners save Senegal's Pink Lake".] [[:en:BBC_News_Online|''BBC News Online''.]] 19 August 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lake-retba "Lake Retba"]. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 23 May 2013.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:LacRoseSatellite.jpg|thumb|Pheninsula ya Cap Vert (NASA, 22 Nov. 2004)]] Letswai le romelwa kwa ntle go ralala kgaolo ka bokana ka dikete tse tharo ya bakopanyi,<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-04/senegal-lake-retba-loses-pink-colour-after-flooding/101921790 "Senegal's Lake Retba loses pink colour after flooding, putting livelihoods at risk"]. ''ABC News''. [[:en:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation|Australian Broadcasting Corporation.]] 3 February 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2023.</ref>banna le basadi go tswa kwa dikarolong tsotlhe tsa bophirima jwa Afrika, ba ba dirang diura di le thataro go ya go tse supa ka letsatsi. Ba sireletsa letlalo la bone ka beurre de Karité (bori jwa shea), e leng seokobatsi se se dirwang ka matonkomane a shea se se thusang go thibela gore dithishu di se ka tsa senyega. Letswai le dirisiwa ke batshwari ba ditlhapi ba Senegal go boloka tlhapi, e e leng karolo ya diresepe tse dintsi tsa setso, go akaretsa sejo sa bosetšhaba, e leng motswako wa tlhapi le raese o o bidiwang thieboudienne. <ref name=":1" /><ref>Eddy, Jody (14 March 2014). [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303824204579423691350888338 "Swim a Pink Lake in Senegal".] [[:en:The_Wall_Street_Journal|''The Wall Street Journal''.]]</ref> Mo e ka nnang ditone di le 38,000 tsa letswai di ntshiwa mo letsheng leno ngwaga le ngwaga, e leng se se dirang gore go nne le madirelo a letswai kwa Senegal. Senegal ke yone naga e e di gogang kwa pele mo go ntsheng letswai.<ref>Kanoute, Pape Tahirou; Malan, Christiane; Stephane, Fournier; Teyssier, Catherine (2018). [http://www.fao.org/3/I7938EN/i7938en.pdf "Relevance of a Geographical Indication for Salt From Senegal's Pink Lake"] (PDF). Rome: FAO. pp. 16pp.</ref> == Merwalela == [[Setshwantsho:Lac Rose in Senegal.jpg|thumb|Lac Rose kwa Senegal]] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022,) morwalela o mogolo o o bakilweng ke dipula tse dikgolo kwa Dakar o ne wa senya letsha leno. Merwalela e ne ya thuba dintshi tsa yone mme ya kgotlela metsi a yone, ya fetola mmala wa yone o o pinki o o tlwaelegileng go nna botala. Phetogo eno e tshosetsa tikologo le ikonomi ya lefelo leno, e ama balemirui ba letswai, batsamaisi ba dikepe, barekisi ba dilo tse di gopotsang le bojanala. Merwalela e ne ya senya dithota tsa letswai tse di neng di ja madi a a kana ka USD696,000, ya nwetsa dikgwebo, mme ya senya ditshedinyana tse dinnye tse di mo letsheng, mme ya tsenya thobo ya mo isagweng le maeto a bajanala mo kotsing. <ref>Dione, Ngouda (24 January 2023). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/lifes-no-longer-rosy-senegals-pink-lake-after-floods-2023-01-24/ "Life's no longer rosy at Senegal's Pink Lake after floods".] ''Reuters''.</ref> Fa e sa le ka nako eo, letsha leno le ne la boa gape la nna le mmala o o pinki. == Diphologolo tsa naga == [[Setshwantsho:Lake Retba (Lac Rose), worker is digging the salt in the lake.jpg|thumb|Modiri yo o ntshang letswai mo letsheng]] Le fa letsha le na le letswai le le kwa godimo, le le ka fitlhang go 350 g/L ka paka ya komelelo, blackchin tilapia e fitlhetswe e tshela mo dikarolong tse di nang le letswai tse di fepiwang metsi a a foreshe ke molapo o o kgaoganang. 12][13][14] == Go tsenngwa mo lenaaneng la Ngwao-Boswa ya Lefatshe == Letsha la Retba le ntse le sekasekwa ke UNESCO jaaka Lefelo la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Lefatshe fa e sale ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005),[2] mme le tla tswelela go nna jalo go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro ( 2026).[ 8] == Metshameko ya Dikoloi == Letsha leno gantsi e ne e le lefelo la bofelo la Dakar Rally, pele ga e fudugela kwa Amerika Borwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le (borobabongwe) ( 2009).[ 7] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), e ne ya tshola motshameko wa Extreme E electric off-road racing series. == Metswedi == ig39bkkbcsglt8nuwaom8ip4nipzzyc 0 13630 50760 50721 2026-06-16T00:19:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50760 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:10.34748W 13.10430N.png|thumb|Letamo la Manantali]] [[Setshwantsho:Manantali dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Manantali]] '''Letamo la Manantali''' (French) ke letamo le le dirisetswang merero e mentsi mo nokeng ya Bafing mo lekadibeng la Noka ya Senegal, dikhilometara di le 90 (56 mi) kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Bafoulabé, kwa Kgaolong ya Kayes ya Mali. == Ditso == Thulaganyo ya go aga letamo le e simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi fa Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo ya Noka ya Senegal (Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal, kgotsa OMVS) e ne ya tlhomiwa ke Mali, Mauritania le Senegal go tlhabolola temothuo le maatla a motlakase wa metsi a letsha. Banka ya Lefatshe e ne ya gana go tshegetsa letamo leno ka madi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabongwe , ka go bo e ne e tsaya gore ga le na mosola. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga bonwa madi go tswa kwa Yuropa mme go agiwa ga letamo leno go ne ga simololwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi . E ne ya wediwa go agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi , mme go ne go sa agiwa lefelo la go fetlha motlakase ka metsi. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe Ntwa ya molelwane wa Mauritania le Senegal e ne ya emisa tiro yotlhe ya porojeke eno. Mmegadikgang mongwe wa Mo-Switzerland yo o neng a etela kwa Manantali ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedio ne a tlhalosa porojeke eno e le "koloi ya manobonobo e e se nang enjene". Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro Carl- Dieter Spranger, yo ka nako eo e neng e le tona ya Jeremane ya thuso ya tlhabololo, o ne a bitsa Manantali a re ke "selo se se sa utlwaleng mo go tsa itsholelo le tikologo". Fa ntwa e ne e khutla ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe , OMVS e ne ya batla kadimo e ntšha ya motlakase wa metsi, e kgabagare e neng ya dirwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa .<ref name=":0">Peter Bosshard, [[:en:International_Rivers|International Rivers]]:[http://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/a-case-study-on-the-manantali-dam-project-mali-mauritania-senegal-2011 A Case Study on the Manantali Dam Project (Mali, Mauritania, Senegal)], 1 March 1999</ref> Letamo le le simolotse go tlhagisa motlakase wa Senegal, Mali le Mauritania ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001). <ref name=":1">Banque allemande de développement (KfW) Banque européenne d’investissement (BEI) Agence Française de Développement (AFD (2009)[http://www.eib.org/attachments/ev/ev_manantali_rapport_de_synthese_fr.pdf . "Joint ex post evaluation of the Manantali dam project"] (PDF). Retrieved 24 July 2011.</ref> Gompieno letamo le laolwa ke Manantali Energy Management Company, Société de gestion de l'énergie de Manantali (SOGEM) e e tlhamilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa 1997. SOGEM le yone e saenetse konteraka ya konteraka ya dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le khampani ya poraefete ya EEM, e e leng setlamo se se kafa tlase ga kompone ya motlakase ya Aforika Borwa ya ESKOM, go tsamaisa semela seno. OMVS e emetswe mo lekgotleng la SOGEM.<ref name=":1" /> Eskom e tsentse mo tumalanong le SOGEM go e fedisa go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane e rogwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso 2011, go ya ka pegelo ya matlotlo ya (2011) ya kompone, ka go tsopola "mathata a konteraka mo go diragatseng konteraka". <ref>Eskom Holdings Limited (2011). ''E[https://web.archive.org/web/20120317024931/http://financialresults.co.za/2011/eskom_ar2011/downloads/eskom-ar2011.pdf skom Integrated Report 2011]'' (PDF). Johannesburg: Eskom. p. 288. Retrieved 25 July 2011.</ref> == Ditshenyegelo le go duelelwa ga tsone == Palogotlhe ya ditshenyegelo tsa letamo leno, le madirelo a lone a motlakase o o fetlhiwang ka metsi, go rengwa ga dikgwa mo letamong le le tlileng go nna gone mo isagweng, dipatlisiso le "dikgato tse di oketsegileng" e ne e le di-euro di le dibilione di le 1,02. Ditshenyegelo tsa go aga letamo la Diama le le tsamaelanang le lone le le kwa tlase ga noka e ne e le di-euro di le dimilione di le masome a matlhano tsa tlaleletso. Letamo leno le ne la duelelwa mmogo ke batho ba le lesome le borataro ba ba neng ba ntsha madi, go akaretsa le Jeremane (14%) le Fora (13%) le dinaga tse di dirang mmogo mo go tsa tlhabololo, African Development Bank, World Bank, European Investment Bank, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait le United Nations Development Program. Dinaga tse tharo tsa Aforika tse di neng di solegelwa molemo le tsone di ne tsa thusa ka madi. 64% ya madi a a tswang kwa dinageng di sele e ne e le ka dikadimo tse di bonolo le 36% ka dimpho. European Community, Islamic Development Bank, West African Development Bank, le Nordic Development Fund le tsone di ne tsa thusa ka madi. Puso ya Norway e ne ya gana go duelela go agiwa ga letamo leno ka ntlha ya go tshwenyega ka tsela e le amang batho ka yone. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == c0dje7fau2xiovjxel1xzpjtoxjeq1e 0 13636 50764 50727 2026-06-16T00:25:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Grand Bassin, Mauritius.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Grand Bassin]] Ganga Talao (e e itsegeng jaaka Grand Bassin [ɡʁɑ̃ basɛ̃]) e tsewa e le letsha le le boitshepo mo gare ga Bahindu, le le mo khuting ya lekgwamolelo le le mo lefelong le le kwa thoko la dithaba, kwa godimo ga Lewatle la India mo kgaolong ya [[Savanne]] mo setlhaketlhakeng se sennye sa [[Mauritius]]. <ref name=":0">Page, Rob Howell,Thomas (2016-05-03). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/africa/maha-shivaratri-mauritius "Is this lake divine?".] ''CNN''. Retrieved 2026-01-28.</ref> Noka ya Ganga Talao e dira jaaka "leje la go tlhatlhoba la setso" la Baindia ba ba fudugetseng kwa Mauritius. Letsha leno ke lefelo le go dirwang mokete wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa [[Maha Shivaratri]], e leng moletlo o o botlhokwa thata wa Sehindu mo setlhaketlhakeng seno. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[[google:shiv mandir mauritius&hl=en-MU&rllag=-20352293,57486240,7316&tbm=lcl#rlfi=hd:;si:9061077849934192633;mv:!1m2!1d-20.019368099999998!2d57.58064530000001!2m2!1d-20.4508238!2d57.450061899999994|"shiv mandir mauritius - Google Search".]] ''www.google.com''. Retrieved 2019-03-03.</ref> Ditona le batlhankedi ba ba farologaneng ba India ba etetse lefelo le mo dingwageng tse di fetileng jaaka letshwao la kamano ya semowa le setso le dikamano tse di tseneletseng magareng ga India le Mauritius. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250508182330/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pm-modi-offers-gangajal-from-maha-kumbh-into-grand-bassin-in-mauritius-7908793 "PM Modi Offers Gangajal From Maha Kumbh Into Grand Bassin In Mauritius"]. ''NDTV''. Archived from [https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pm-modi-offers-gangajal-from-maha-kumbh-into-grand-bassin-in-mauritius-7908793 the original] on 2025-05-08. Retrieved 2026-01-28.</ref> == Tlhamane == Ganga Talao e raya "Letsha la Ganga", e le go supa kgolagano ya Grand Bassin le noka ya India ya [[Ganga]] (Ganges). == Ditso == Go ya ka ditlhamane, ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1887) (bangwe ba re 1890s) moruti yo o bidiwang Pandit Jhummun Giri wa Triolet<ref>J, Meenakshi (2025-08-13). [https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 "How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine"]. ''thefederal.com''. Retrieved 2026-01-28.</ref>o ne a bolela gore o bone tshenolo mo torong ya go bona metsi a Ganga Talao a elela go tswa mo modimong wa sesadi Ganga. Dikgang tsa tshenolo di ne tsa anama ka bonako mme Ganga Talao ya nna "setshwano sa modimo wa Sehindu" se se neng sa e golaganya le noka ya Ganges e e neng e le bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le dikete tse nne<ref name=":0" /> Botlhokwa jwa letsha le go ketekwa ga lone go simolotse ka mathata a a neng a itemogelwa ke Baindia ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Mauritius fa badiri ba le halofo ya milione ba ne ba tlisiwa mo setlhaketlhakeng ka lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga ka ditsholofetso tsa botshelo jo bo botoka. Batho ba ba neng ba falola loeto lwa go kgabaganya Lewatle la India ba le mo dikepeng tse di neng di tletse ka malwetse, ba ne ba patelediwa go dira ka natla mo masimong a ditene tsa sukiri. Tshenolo ya moruti e ne ya letla bafaladi go bopa kgokagano gape le Ganges le go "tlhapa mo metsing a a boitshepo gape".<ref name=":0" /> Setlhopha sa ntlha sa baeti ba sedumedi go ya kwa Ganga Talao ba ne ba tswa kwa motseng wa Triolet mme ba ne ba eteletswe pele ke Pandit Giri Gossayne go tswa Terre Rouge ka 1898.<ref>[http://www.nationsonline.org/album/Mauritius/slides/Grand%20Bassin.html Bird's eye view.] Retrieved on 5 May 2007</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) go ne ga bolelwa gore ke "bodiba jo bo boitshepo". Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi (1972), metsi a a boitshepo a noka ya Ganges a ne a tswakanngwa le noka e e boitshepo ya India mme letsha le ne la bidiwa Ganga Talao. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080120230417/http://whc.unesco.org/en/349/ "World Heritage Centre - Laureates 2007".] Archived from [http://whc.unesco.org/en/349/ the original] on January 20, 2008. Retrieved February 2, 2008.</ref> == Maha Shivarati pilgrimage le tiragalo == Moletlo wa Maha Shivarati o direlwa modimo wa Sehindu e bong Shiva, mongwe wa medimo e meraro e megolo ya Sehindu. <ref name=":0" />Ka nako ya Shivaratri, ba-Hindu ba ba ka nnang halofo ya milione kwa Mauritius ba ya kwa letsheng, ba le bantsi ba tsamaya go tswa kwa magaeng a bone ba tshotse di-Kanvars (kanwars) tse di dirilweng ka diatla, e leng ditempele tse dinnye tse di diretsweng modimo Shiva. <ref name=":1" />Mafelo a a boitshepo a mannye ano a beilwe go bapa le lotshitshi lwa letsha, koo batsamai ba sedumedi ba ntshang ditshupelo tsa dijo, molelo, thapelo, le meletlo.Mokgwa o mongwe ke go rapela ka metsi a letsha gore ba "itshekisiwe" le gore maatla a ga Shiva a "fetisediwe" kwa go bone. <ref name=":0" /> Ba ba dirileng mokete gantsi ba tsenya metsi a a tsewang e le "seedi se se boitshepo" mo dibotlolong gore ba tle ba a tlisetse ba ba sa kgoneng go tla.<ref name=":0" /> Gantsi go dumelwa gore batho ba naya baeti ba sedumedi dijo le dino. == Setshwantsho sa ga Mangal Mahadev - Shiva == Setlhogo se segolo: Mangal Mahadev Mangal Mahadev ke sefikantswe sa 33 m (108 ft) se se kwa godimo sa modimo wa Sehindu, Shiva, a eme ka setlhaga sa gagwe kwa kgorong ya Ganga Talao. E ne ya bulwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), ke sefikantswe se se kwa godimo go gaisa mo Mauritius le khopi e e ikanyegang ya sefikantswe sa Shiva mo Letsha la Sursagar kwa Vadodara, Gujarat kwa India. <ref>J, Meenakshi (2025-08-13). [https://thefederal.com/category/features/mauritius-travel-african-nation-mangal-mahadev-ganga-talao-aapravasi-ghat-201444 "How Mauritius keeps Indian imprints alive in its culture, heritage and cuisine"]. ''thefederal.com''. Retrieved 2026-01-28.</ref> Go na le ditempele tse di diretsweng medimo e mengwe gape, go akaretsa le Morena Hanuman, Modimogadi Ganga le Morena Ganesh go bapa le Grand Bassin. == Durga Mata Murti == Sefikantswe sa ga Durga Mata Sefikantswe seno se boleele jwa dimetara di le masome a mararo le boraro . Mekete ya Durga Pooja le Navaratri e ketekwa thata go dikologa setlhaketlhake mo ditempeleng kgotsa mo dikagong tsa nakwana tse di agetsweng tiragalo eno. == Metswedi == ow1nw8zzd7istmqzpxi98vqlmtiyttf 0 13639 50731 2026-06-15T11:59:54Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 50731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Hyperion Sewage Treatment Plant.jpg|thumb|Go phephafatsa metsi a leswe]] '''Go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe''' ke thulaganyo e e ntshang [[:en:Contaminants|dilo tse di leswe]] mo [[:en:Wastewater|metsing a a leswe]]. [[:en:Effluent|Metsi a a tswang mo go one]], a a tshololelwang mo metsing, a na le ditlamorago tse di amogelesegang mo tikologong.<ref>"Wastewater treatment". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2025-11-21.</ref> Metsi a a leswe a a tswang mo malapeng, a gape a bidiwang metsi a a leswe a a tswang mo ditoropong kgotsa a [[:en:Sewage|leswe]], a phepafadiwa kwa [[:en:Sewage_treatment|lefelong la go phepafatsa leswe]]. Metsi a a leswe a a tswang mo madirelong gantsi a phepafadiwa kwa lefelong le le kgethegileng la go [[:en:Industrial_wastewater_treatment|phepafatsa metsi a a leswe a a tswang mo madirelong]],<ref>Mirzaeva E.N., Isaeva N.F., Yalgashev E.Ya., Turdiyeva D.P., Boymonov R.M. "Preparation of adsorbents for the extraction of heavy metals from mining wastewater". Mining Science and Technology (Russia). doi:10.17073/2500-0632-2024-02-224</ref> kgotsa kwa lefelong le le phephafatsang metsi a a leswe. Mo kgannyeng e ya bofelo, gantsi madirelo a dira tiro ya go phephafatsa pele ga a romelwa kwa madirelong a khansele. Mefuta e mengwe ya mafelo ya go phephafadiwa ga metsi a a leswe e arakaretsa mafelo a [[:en:Agricultural_wastewater_treatment|go phephafadiwa metsi a leswe a temothuo]] le mafelo le mafelo a go phepafatswang metsi mo go one a [[:en:Leachate|leachate]]. Lefoko "phephafatso ya metsi a leswe" gantsi le dirisiwa go kaya "'''go phephafatsa leswe'''".<ref name=":0">Tchobanoglous, George; Burton, Franklin L.; Stensel, H. David (2003). Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-112250-4</ref> Dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe di akaretsa go kgaoganya dikarolwana tsa metsi, tse di jaaka go nwela, dithulaganyo tse di farologaneng tsa ditshedi le tsa dikhemikale, tse di jaaka okosejene le go phimola. Se segolo se se ntshiwang ke ditheo tsa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe ke mofuta wa seretse se gantsi se phepafadiwang mo setlamong se le sengwe sa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe kgotsa mo setlamong se sengwe.<ref name=":0" /> [[:en:Biogas|Biogas]] e ka nna selo se sengwe se se tlhagisiwang fa e le gore go dirisiwa thulaganyo ya go phepafatsa ka tsela e e sa laolesegeng. Metsi a a leswe a a phepafaditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go nna metsi a a tsosolositsweng.<ref>Takman, Maria; Svahn, Ola; Paul, Catherine; Cimbritz, Michael; Blomqvist, Stefan; Struckmann Poulsen, Jan; Lund Nielsen, Jeppe; Davidsson, Åsa (2023-10-15). "Assessing the potential of a membrane bioreactor and granular activated carbon process for wastewater reuse – A full-scale WWTP operated over one year in Scania, Sweden". Science of the Total Environment. 895 165185. Bibcode:2023ScTEn.89565185T. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165185. ISSN 0048-9697. <nowiki>PMID 37385512</nowiki>. S2CID 259296091.</ref> Boikaelelo jo bogolo jwa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe ke gore metsi a a leswe a a phepafaditsweng a kgone go latlhiwa kgotsa go dirisiwa gape ka pabalesego. Le fa go ntse jalo, pele ga metsi a a leswe a ka phepafadiwa, go tshwanetse ga akanyediwa gore a ka latlhiwa kgotsa a ka dirisiwa gape gore go dirisiwe thulaganyo e e siameng ya go a phepafatsa. == Mefuta ya Mafelo a go Phepafatsa == Mafelo a go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe a a farologanngwa ka mofuta wa metsi a a leswe a a tshwanetseng go phepafadiwa. Go na le mekgwa e le mentsi e e ka dirisiwang go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe go ikaegile ka mofuta le selekanyo sa kgotlelo. Dikgato tsa kalafi di akaretsa dithulaganyo tsa kalafi ya mmele, ya dikhemikale le ya ditshedi. Mefuta ya mafelo a go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe e akaretsa: * [[:en:Sewage_treatment|Mafelo a phephafatso ya metsi a leswe]] * [[:en:Industrial_wastewater_treatment|Mafelo a phephafatso ya metsi a a mo madirelong]] * [[:en:Agricultural_wastewater_treatment|mafelo a go phephafadiwa metsi a leswe a temo thuo]] * [[:en:Leachate#Treatment|Mafelo a go phephafadiwa Leachate]] '''Mafelo a phephafatso ya metsi a leswe''' [[:en:Sewage_treatment|Kalafo ya metsi a a leswe]] ke mofuta wa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe o o ikaelelang go tlosa [[:en:Contaminants|leswe]] go tswa mo [[:en:Sewage|metsing a a leswe]] go ntsha [[:en:Effluent|leswe]] le le siametseng go tshololelwa mo tikologong e e dikologileng kgotsa tiriso e e ikaeletsweng ya tiriso gape, ka go dira jalo go thibela [[:en:Water_pollution|kgotlelo ya metsi]] go tswa go kgelelo ya metsi a a leswe a a sa leswefadiwang.<ref>Khopkar, S.M. (2004). Environmental Pollution Monitoring And Control. New Delhi: New Age International. p. 299. <nowiki>ISBN 978-81-224-1507-0</nowiki>.</ref> [[:en:Wastewater|Metsi a a leswe]] a akaretsa a a tswang mo malapeng le mo dikgwebong le a a tswang mo [[:en:Industrial_wastewater_treatment|madirelong]] a a kileng a phepafadiwa. Go na le ditsela di le dintsi tsa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe tse o ka tlhophang mo go tsone. Tseno di ka simolola ka [[:en:Decentralized_wastewater_system|ditsamaiso tse di kgaogantsweng]] (go akaretsa ditsamaiso tsa go phepafatsa mo lefelong) go ya go ditsamaiso tse dikgolo tse di kopantsweng tse di akaretsang marangrang a diphaepe le diteishene tsa pompo (tse di bidiwang [[:en:Sewerage|tsa kgelelo-leswe]]) tse di isang leswe kwa lefelong la go phepafatsa. Mo ditoropong tse di nang le [[:en:Combined_sewer|kgelelo ya leswe e e kopantsweng]], kgelelo ya leswe e tla tsamaisa gape le metsi a a [[:en:Urban_runoff|elelang go tswa mo ditoropong]] (metsi a pula) go ya kwa lefelong la go phepafatsa leswe. Gantsi go phepafadiwa ga metsi a a leswe go akaretsa dikgato tse pedi tse dikgolo, tse di bidiwang go phepafadiwa ga kwa tshimologong le [[:en:Secondary_treatment|go phepafadiwa ga kwa morago]], fa go phepafadiwa ga metsi a a leswe go akaretsa gape le kgato ya go phepafadiwa ga metsi a a leswe e e akaretsang go phimola le go ntsha dikotla. Tshwaro ya bobedi e ka fokotsa dilo tse di tshelang (tse di lekanngwang jaaka [[:en:Biochemical_oxygen_demand|tlhokego ya okosejene ya ditshedi]]) go tswa mo metsing a leswe, ka go dirisa dithulaganyo tsa ditshedi tsa aerobic kgotsa anaerobic. Kgato ya go phephafatsa ya quatenary (e ka dinako tse dingwe e bidiwang ya go phephafatsa ya maemo a a kwa godimo) le yone e ka okediwa go ntsha [[:en:Micropollutant|dilo tse di kgotlelang tse dinnye]] jaaka diokobatsi. Se se diragaditswe ka botlalo kwa Sweden.<ref name=":1">Takman, Maria; Svahn, Ola; Paul, Catherine; Cimbritz, Michael; Blomqvist, Stefan; Struckmann Poulsen, Jan; Lund Nielsen, Jeppe; Davidsson, Åsa (2023-10-15). "Assessing the potential of a membrane bioreactor and granular activated carbon process for wastewater reuse – A full-scale WWTP operated over one year in Scania, Sweden". Science of the Total Environment. 895 165185. Bibcode:2023ScTEn.89565185T. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165185. ISSN 0048-9697. <nowiki>PMID 37385512</nowiki>. S2CID 259296091</ref> Go dirilwe boitsaanape bo le bontsi jwa go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe, tse bontsi jwa tsone di dirisang mekgwa ya go phepafatsa ka tsela ya ditshedi. Baenjenere ba ba dirang diporojeke le ba ba tsayang ditshwetso ba tshwanetse go akanyetsa dintlha tsa maranyane le tsa itsholelo tsa mofuta mongwe le mongwe fa ba tlhopha boitsaanape jo bo tshwanetseng.<ref>Von Sperling, M. (2007). "Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal". Water Intelligence Online. 6. doi:10.2166/9781780402086. ISSN 1476-1777. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.  Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Gantsi, dilo tse di botlhokwa thata tse di tlhophang ke boleng jo bo batlegang jwa metsi a a leswe, ditshenyegelo tse di solofetsweng tsa go aga le tsa go dira, go nna teng ga lefatshe, letlhoko la maatla le dintlha tsa go nna le [[:en:Sustainability|botshepegi]]. Mo [[:en:Developing_country|mafatsheng a tlhabologang]] le kwa mafelong a selegae a a nang le baagi ba le mmalwa, gantsi metsi a a leswe a phepafadiwa ke ditsamaiso tse di farologaneng tsa [[:en:Sanitation#Onsite_sanitation|go tlosa leswe mo lefelong la tiro]] mme ga a fetisediwe kwa matlakaleng. Dithulaganyo tseno di akaretsa [[:en:Septic_tank|ditanka tsa septic]] tse di golagantsweng le [[:en:Septic_drain_field|masimo a a ntshang leswe]], [[:en:Onsite_sewage_facility|ditsamaiso tsa metsi a a leswe tse di leng mo lefelong]] (OSS) le ditsamaiso tsa di-[[:en:Vermifilter|wormifilter]]. Kafa letlhakoreng le lengwe, mafelo a a tlhabologileng le a a jang madi a mantsi a a phepafatsang a a phepafatsang a ka nna a akaretsa go phepafadiwa ga metsi a a leswe ka go a phepafatsa mme gongwe le e leng [[:en:Fourth_treatment_stage|kgato ya bonè ya go phepafatsa]] go tlosa dilo tse dinnye tse di kgotlelang.<ref name=":1" /> Mo lefatsheng lotlhe, go fopholediwa gore diperesente di le masome a matlhano le bobedi tsa metsi a a leswe di a phepafadiwa.<ref name=":2">Jones, Edward R.; van Vliet, Michelle T. H.; Qadir, Manzoor; Bierkens, Marc F. P. (2021). "Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse". Earth System Science Data. 13 (2): 237–254. Bibcode:2021ESSD...13..237J. doi:10.5194/essd-13-237-2021. ISSN 1866-3508.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, selekanyo sa go phepafadiwa ga metsi a a leswe ga se tshwane mo dinageng tse di farologaneng mo lefatsheng. Ka sekai, fa [[:en:World_Bank_high-income_economy|mafatshe a a nang le lotseno lo lo kwa godimo]] di phepafatsa mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masomeasupa le bonè tsa leswe la tsone, dinaga tse di tlhabologang tsone di phepafatsa diperesente di le 4,2 fela.<ref name=":2" /> '''Mafelo a phephafatso ya metsi a madirelo''' [[Setshwantsho:Belebungsbecken - aeration tank (12359229313).jpg|thumb|Tanka e e tsentsweng moya mo thulaganyong ya seretse se se tsentsweng moya mo lefelong la go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe kwa Dresden-Kaditz, kwa Jeremane]] [[Setshwantsho:Surface-Aerated Basin-es.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa mosima o o tlwaelegileng o o tsentsweng mowa mo godimo ga metsi go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe]] [[:en:Industrial_wastewater_treatment|Kalafi ya metsi a a leswe a madirelo]] e tlhalosa dithulaganyo tse di dirisediwang go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe a a tlhagisiwang ke madirelo jaaka dikumo tse di sa batlegeng. Morago ga go phepafadiwa, metsi a a leswe a a dirisitsweng mo madirelong a ka dirisiwa gape kgotsa a ka tshelwa mo [[:en:Sanitary_sewer|kgamelong ya leswe]] kgotsa mo [[:en:Surface_water|metsing a a fa godimo]] mo tikologong. Mafelo mangwe a madirelo a ntsha metsi a a leswe a a ka phepafadiwang mo [[:en:Sewage_treatment|mafelong a go phepafadiwa leswe mo go one]]. Bontsi jwa dithulaganyo tsa madirelo, jaaka madirelo [[:en:Petroleum_refineries|a go phepafatsa]] [[:en:Petroleum_refineries|leokwane]], a dikhemikale le a [[:en:Petrochemical|dikhemikale tsa leokwane]] a na le didirisiwa tsa one tse di kgethegileng go phepafatsa metsi a a leswe gore selekanyo sa kgotlelo mo metsing a a leswe a a phepafaditsweng se dumalane le melao e e malebana le go latlhelwa ga metsi a a leswe mo [[:en:Sewerage|mekgotheng]] kgotsa mo dinokeng, matsheng kgotsa mo [[:en:Ocean|mawatleng]].<ref>Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003). Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater Engineering: treatment and reuse (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company. <nowiki>ISBN 0-07-041878-0</nowiki>.</ref> Se se dira mo madirelong a a tlhagisang metsi a a leswe a a nang le dikotla tse di kwa godimo tsa dilo tse di tshelang (sekao, leokwane le [[:en:Grease_(lubricant)|mafura]]), dilo tse di kgotlelang tse di botlhole (sekao, ditshipi tse di bokete, [[:en:Volatile_organic_compounds|metswako e e fofang ya dilo tse di tshelang]]) kgotsa dikotla tse di jaaka [[:en:Ammonia|ammonia]].<ref>George Tchobanoglous; Franklin L. Burton; H. David Stensel (2003). "Chapter 3: Analysis and Selection of Wastewater Flowrates and Constituent Loadings". Metcalf & Eddy Wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. <nowiki>ISBN 0-07-041878-0</nowiki>. OCLC 48053912.</ref> Madirelo mangwe a tsenya thulaganyo ya go phepafatsa pele go tlosa dilo dingwe tse di kgotlelang (jaaka, metswako e e botlhole), go tswa foo a bo a tshololela metsi a a leswe a a phepafaditsweng bontlhanngwe jwa one mo thulaganyong ya dikgwerekgwere ya mo toropong.<ref>Von Sperling, M. (2007). "Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal". Water Intelligence Online. 6. doi:10.2166/9781780402086. ISSN 1476-1777. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.  Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</ref> Madirelo a le mantsi a ntsha [[:en:Wastewater|metsi a a leswe]]. Mokgwa wa bosheng jaana e nnile wa go fokotsa go dirwa ga metsi a a ntseng jalo kgotsa go dirisa gape metsi a a leswe a a phepafaditsweng fa a ntse a dirwa. Madirelo mangwe a ile a atlega go fetola tsela e a dirang dilo ka yone gore a fokotse kgotsa a tlose dilo tse di kgotlelang.<ref>"Pollution Prevention Case Studies". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2021-08-11.</ref> mir1dss4re55tnu7bxi0gaml8roiinb 0 13640 50732 2026-06-15T12:19:07Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza 50732 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Aguelmam-azegza-LAke-1.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza]] Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza (in Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ <ref>Elmedlaoui, Mohamed (2022-06-01). [https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-et-documents-berberes-2022-1-page-77.htm?ref=doi "Moroccan toponymy and onomastics in the light of the Berber and Arabic sociolinguistic interaction:".] ''Études et Documents Berbères''. '''47''' (1): 95. doi:[[doi:10.3917/edb.047.0077|10.3917/edb.047.0077.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0295-5245 0295-5245.]</ref> ke letsha la tlholego kwa Morocco le le akaretsang bogolo jwa diheketara tse masome a mane mme le fitlha boteng jwa dimetara tse masome a mabedi le botlhano. E kwa motseng wa Aguelmam Azegza kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano (4,900 ft) kwa godimo ga lewatle.<ref>Zakaria Mahrer (2022). Natural heritage as a pillar of development and diversification of the tourism product in the region of Khenifra, Morocco. Journal of Science and Horizons of Knowledge. Pp. 227-229.</ref> Setšhaba se tsaya leina la sone mo letsheng, le le bidiwang ka leina la batho ba Ba-Amazigh mme le ranolwa e le letsha le le tala. Letsha leno le kwa porofenseng ya Khénifra ya kgaolo ya Béni Mellal-Khénifra, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mararo go tswa kwa toropong ya Khénifra kwa bophirima jwa Middle Atlas. <ref>[https://www.geonames.org/2556576/aguelmane-azigza.html "Information about Aguelmam Azegza on geonames.org". geonames].org. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20220513023236/https://www.geonames.org/2556576/aguelmane-azigza.html original] on 2022-05-13.</ref> Letsha le itsege ka go nna le bajanala ba le bantsi thata mo dikgweding tsa selemo.<ref>"Lake Aguelmam Azegza... Unfinished Rehabilitation (Reportage)". 2M.ma. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20221015012734/https://2m.ma/ar/news/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84-20220725 original] on 2022-10-15. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le mo kgaolong ya [[Béni Mellal-Khénifra]] kwa [[Morocco]], mo dithabeng tsa bophirima tsa Middle Atlas. Ke letsha la tlholego, le le nang le mmala o motala, le dikologilwe ke sekgwa se se kitlaneng sa sekgwa sa atlantic le sa ditlhare tsa oak. Kgwebo e kgolo mo kgaolong e ke ya phulo, mme bojanala le jone bo na le seabe se segolo. Letsha le na le boteng jwa dimetara tse di fetang masome a mabedi le botlhano mme le na le bogolo jwa diheketara tse di ka nnang masome a mane.<ref>[https://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=665221 "Saidi Mouloudi - The project for the development of the Aglamam Azaghza site in the Middle Atlas. Notes in passing". Civilized Dialogue]. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130202400/https://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=665221 original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref> E na le metswedi ya metsi e bile e dikologilwe ke mafika a a motopo a a nang le kapoko.<ref>Zakaria Mahrer (2022). Natural heritage as a pillar of development and diversification of the tourism product in the region of Khenifra, Morocco. Journal of Science and Horizons of Knowledge. Pp. 227-229.</ref> Le fa gone letsha leno e se lefelo le le ratwang thata ke dinonyane, le na le mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi le di-crustacean. Mo godimo ga moo, ke lefelo le le botlhokwa thata la go nna la di-barbary macaque. <ref>[https://www.hespress.com/%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A-22688.html "Aguelmam Azegza. A favorite destination for visitors to Ziane Metropolis". Hespress - Hespress is a Moroccan online newspaper.] October 7, 2009. Archived from the original on 2023-07-06. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Bojanala == Ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), lefelo la Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le ne la tlhabololwa go nna lefelo la bojanala go solegela banni ba ba dirang tiro ya bojanala molemo mo lefelong la diheketara tse tharo . Ditshenyegelo tsa tlhabololo di ka nna dirhams di le dimilione di le 4.18 go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa dikago tsa tlhago, tse di akaretsang ditshenyegelo tsa go baakanya ditsela tse di yang kwa letsheng. <ref>[https://www.mapbenimellal.ma/%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%83%d8%b2%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%ae%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%87/ "The development of Lake Aguelmam Azegza in Khenifra. A valuable contribution to the National Initiative for Human Development". MapBéniMellal.] August 7, 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref>Tlhabololo eno e ne e akaretsa go baakanya ditsela le go agiwa ga setlhopha sa mabenkele a a neng a dirilwe ka ditente tsa logong tsa Ba-Amazigh. <ref>[https://alittihad.info/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/ "In connection with the development of Lake Aguelmam Azegza: Betting on boosting mountain tourism in the region and creating jobs for the local population". AL ITIHAD.] August 2, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2023-07-05.</ref> <ref>[https://ar.le360.ma/economie/185267/ "Video: Amazigh kiosks adorn Aguelmam Azegza lake in Khenifra". Le 360 Arabe]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130205434/https://ar.le360.ma/economie/185267/ the original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref>Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le tshameka motshameko wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa "Ice Swim Morocco" kgaisano ya boditšhabatšhaba, tiragalo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya go thuma mo metsing a a tsididi e e tshwarwang ka paka ya mariga kwa Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza. <ref>[https://alyaoum24.com/1767560.html Khenifra hosts the 6th edition of the cold water swimming competition at Lake Aguelmam Azegza". Youm24 - Today's news around the clock.] Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130202402/https://alyaoum24.com/1767560.html original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref><ref>[https://sadatv.ma/2022/01/23/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%83%d8%b2%d8%a7-%d8%ae%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa%d8%b6/ "In pictures... Lake Aguelmam Azegza Khenifra hosts the fifth edition of cold water swimming". Sada Tivi.] January 23, 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-05-23. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Metswedi == c1u1gkc39mcqqf0gchqtv3u17g72mgv 50763 50732 2026-06-16T00:21:40Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Aguelmam-azegza-LAke-1.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza]] Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza (in Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ <ref>Elmedlaoui, Mohamed (2022-06-01). [https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-et-documents-berberes-2022-1-page-77.htm?ref=doi "Moroccan toponymy and onomastics in the light of the Berber and Arabic sociolinguistic interaction:".] ''Études et Documents Berbères''. '''47''' (1): 95. doi:[[doi:10.3917/edb.047.0077|10.3917/edb.047.0077.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0295-5245 0295-5245.]</ref> ke letsha la tlholego kwa Morocco le le akaretsang bogolo jwa diheketara tse masome a mane mme le fitlha boteng jwa dimetara tse masome a mabedi le botlhano. E kwa motseng wa Aguelmam Azegza kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano (4,900 ft) kwa godimo ga lewatle.<ref>Zakaria Mahrer (2022). Natural heritage as a pillar of development and diversification of the tourism product in the region of Khenifra, Morocco. Journal of Science and Horizons of Knowledge. Pp. 227-229.</ref> Setšhaba se tsaya leina la sone mo letsheng, le le bidiwang ka leina la batho ba Ba-Amazigh mme le ranolwa e le letsha le le tala. Letsha leno le kwa porofenseng ya Khénifra ya kgaolo ya Béni Mellal-Khénifra, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mararo go tswa kwa toropong ya Khénifra kwa bophirima jwa Middle Atlas. <ref>[https://www.geonames.org/2556576/aguelmane-azigza.html "Information about Aguelmam Azegza on geonames.org". geonames].org. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20220513023236/https://www.geonames.org/2556576/aguelmane-azigza.html original] on 2022-05-13.</ref> Letsha le itsege ka go nna le bajanala ba le bantsi thata mo dikgweding tsa selemo.<ref>"Lake Aguelmam Azegza... Unfinished Rehabilitation (Reportage)". 2M.ma. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20221015012734/https://2m.ma/ar/news/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84-20220725 original] on 2022-10-15. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le mo kgaolong ya [[Béni Mellal-Khénifra]] kwa [[Morocco]], mo dithabeng tsa bophirima tsa Middle Atlas. Ke letsha la tlholego, le le nang le mmala o motala, le dikologilwe ke sekgwa se se kitlaneng sa sekgwa sa atlantic le sa ditlhare tsa oak. Kgwebo e kgolo mo kgaolong e ke ya phulo, mme bojanala le jone bo na le seabe se segolo. Letsha le na le boteng jwa dimetara tse di fetang masome a mabedi le botlhano mme le na le bogolo jwa diheketara tse di ka nnang masome a mane.<ref>[https://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=665221 "Saidi Mouloudi - The project for the development of the Aglamam Azaghza site in the Middle Atlas. Notes in passing". Civilized Dialogue]. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130202400/https://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=665221 original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref> E na le metswedi ya metsi e bile e dikologilwe ke mafika a a motopo a a nang le kapoko.<ref>Zakaria Mahrer (2022). Natural heritage as a pillar of development and diversification of the tourism product in the region of Khenifra, Morocco. Journal of Science and Horizons of Knowledge. Pp. 227-229.</ref> Le fa gone letsha leno e se lefelo le le ratwang thata ke dinonyane, le na le mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi le di-crustacean. Mo godimo ga moo, ke lefelo le le botlhokwa thata la go nna la di-barbary macaque. <ref>[https://www.hespress.com/%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A-22688.html "Aguelmam Azegza. A favorite destination for visitors to Ziane Metropolis". Hespress - Hespress is a Moroccan online newspaper.] October 7, 2009. Archived from the original on 2023-07-06. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Bojanala == Ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), lefelo la Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le ne la tlhabololwa go nna lefelo la bojanala go solegela banni ba ba dirang tiro ya bojanala molemo mo lefelong la diheketara tse tharo . Ditshenyegelo tsa tlhabololo di ka nna dirhams di le dimilione di le 4.18 go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa dikago tsa tlhago, tse di akaretsang ditshenyegelo tsa go baakanya ditsela tse di yang kwa letsheng. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230130212417/https://www.mapbenimellal.ma/%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%83%d8%b2%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%ae%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%87/ "The development of Lake Aguelmam Azegza in Khenifra. A valuable contribution to the National Initiative for Human Development". MapBéniMellal.] August 7, 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref>Tlhabololo eno e ne e akaretsa go baakanya ditsela le go agiwa ga setlhopha sa mabenkele a a neng a dirilwe ka ditente tsa logong tsa Ba-Amazigh. <ref>[https://alittihad.info/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/ "In connection with the development of Lake Aguelmam Azegza: Betting on boosting mountain tourism in the region and creating jobs for the local population". AL ITIHAD.] August 2, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2023-07-05.</ref> <ref>[https://ar.le360.ma/economie/185267/ "Video: Amazigh kiosks adorn Aguelmam Azegza lake in Khenifra". Le 360 Arabe]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130205434/https://ar.le360.ma/economie/185267/ the original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref>Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le tshameka motshameko wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa "Ice Swim Morocco" kgaisano ya boditšhabatšhaba, tiragalo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya go thuma mo metsing a a tsididi e e tshwarwang ka paka ya mariga kwa Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza. <ref>[https://alyaoum24.com/1767560.html Khenifra hosts the 6th edition of the cold water swimming competition at Lake Aguelmam Azegza". Youm24 - Today's news around the clock.] Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130202402/https://alyaoum24.com/1767560.html original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref><ref>[https://sadatv.ma/2022/01/23/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%83%d8%b2%d8%a7-%d8%ae%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa%d8%b6/ "In pictures... Lake Aguelmam Azegza Khenifra hosts the fifth edition of cold water swimming". Sada Tivi.] January 23, 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-05-23. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Metswedi == rkdvwx22wi3eqt3k7e09lgp371whpnt 0 13641 50733 2026-06-15T12:27:48Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Dayet Hachlaf 50733 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Dayet Hachlaf after drying.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Dayet Hachlaf e senaa go oma]] '''Letsha la Hachlaf''' (Arabic) ke letsha le le mo komoneng ya Dayat Aoua [ar] mo [[porofenseng ya Ifrane]]. Letsha leno le dikologilwe ke [[ditlhare tsa willow]] mme le nna lefelo la ditshedi tsa trout, tse di fepiwang ke metswedi e e farologaneng ya metsi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200918200612/http://mapecology.ma/ar/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/ "ضاية حشلاف.. استثناء بين جل المسطحات المائية بمنطقة الأطلس المتوسط"] [Lake Hachlaf.. An exception among most bodies of water in the Middle Atlas region] (in Arabic). Archived from [http://mapecology.ma/ar/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/ the original] on 2020-09-18</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200722002353/http://maroc-patrimoine.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5463.html "ضايات وبحيرات المغرب"] [Morocco's lakes] (in Arabic). Archived from [http://maroc-patrimoine.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5463.html the original] on 2020-07-22.</ref> Letsha la Hachlaf le akaretsa bogolo jwa diheketara di ka nna lesome le bone, le boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa dimetara di le tharo (9.8 ft), le le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le sekete,makgolo a marataro le masome a matlhano kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210429104555/http://horiapress.com/m/news9466.html "زيارة ميدانية لبعض المسطحات المائية بجماعة ضاية عوا بافران"] [Field visit to some bodies of water in the Dayat Aoua commune in Ifrane] (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2021-04-29.</ref> Go tshwara ditlhapi tsa trout ke tiro e e rategang thata mo letsheng leno go tloga ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong go ya ko go ya Phatwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi, Letsha la Hachlaf le tla bo le kgadile == Metswedi == 6o0rzzcdedkzu5wl2imtrqmttqfyl2b 0 13642 50734 2026-06-15T12:42:04Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Bell #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Bell|image_name=Mto Bell.png|image_map=South Africa Eastern Cape relief location map.svg|map_caption=Bokopano le Sterkspruit|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]]|mouth=Bokopano le Sterkspruit|river_system=[[Noka ya Orange]]}} '''Noka ya Bell''' ke noka e e tshelwang ke dithaba tsa [[Drankesberg]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Kapa Botlhaba]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Kgampu ya yone ke bontlha jwa [[noka ya Orange]], e ka nna dikhilomithara di le makgolo mane masome mabedi le bone, e tswa kwa bogodimong jwa dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a supa le masome a mabedi a di mithara go ya kwa diketeng di le tharo le motso.<ref>Rowntree, K.M.; E.S.J. Dollar (1995). [https://eprints.ru.ac.za/527/01/Hydroclimatic-trends.pdf "Hydroclimactic trends, sediment sources and geomorphic response in the Bell River catchment, Eastern Cape Drakensberg, South Africa"] (PDF). ''South African Geographical Journal''. '''77''' (1): 21–32. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SAfGJ..77...21D :1995SAfGJ..77...21D]. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03736245.1995.9713585 10.1080/03736245.1995.9713585.] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0373-6245 0373-6245.] Retrieved 2026-06-15</ref> Motswedi wa noka e, o gaufi le molelwane wa [[Lesotho]] kwa bokone jwa Naude's Neck Pass. Kwa tlase e feta toropo ya [[Rhodes, Kapa Botlhaba|Rhodes]], go tshela kwa nokeng ya Kraai dikhilomithara di le masome mane go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone. Noka ya Bell le Sterkspruit, di nna noka ya Kraai kwa bokone bophirima jwa Moshesh's Ford e elelela kwa bophirima go ya kwa Aliwal North, kwa e kopanang teng le [[noka ya Orange]]. Noka e, e na le ditlhapi tsa Rainbow trout di le dintsi. Mokete wa Bell's Wild Trou o kwa toropong ya Rhodes o rulaganngwa ke lekgotla la Wild trout. Batsaya karolo ba le masome a robabobedi ba tshwara ditlhapi mo sebakeng sa malatsi a mararo mo metsing a a tsamayang a dikilomithara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi mo go leng sebaka sa oura go kgweeletsa kwa motseng. Lefelo le e le nosang le dirisiwa thata go fula ke balemi barui ba ba rekisang fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa 1870.<ref>Hugo, W.J., 1966, The Small Stock Industry in South Africa, Government Printer, Pretoria.</ref> Ka jalo boleng jwa metsi a noka le go itshetlela ga mosele go amiwa ke go oketsega ga motlhaba o o tswang mo kgothegong ya lefelo leo. Go thibela se, go lemilwe mofuta wa setlhare sa Salix caprea mo lotshitshing lwa noka go thibela go wa ga mosele.<ref>Rowntree, K.M.; E.S.J. Dollar (1999). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199902)24:2%3C127::AID-ESP944%3E3.0.CO;2-3 "Vegetation controls on channel stability in the Bell River, Eastern Cape, South Africa".] ''[[:en:Earth_Surface_Processes_and_Landforms|Earth Surface Processes and Landforms]]''. '''24''' (2). Grahamstown: Rhodes University: 127–134. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ESPL...24..127R 1999ESPL...24..127R]. doi:10.1002/(SICI)[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199902)24:2%3C127::AID-ESP944%3E3.0.CO;2-3 1096-9837(199902)24:2<127::AID-ESP944>3.0].CO;2-3. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0197-9337 0197-9337].</ref> == Metswedi == 836kvto62qqnsovg2j9bxubadgmp2j3 50742 50734 2026-06-15T14:01:04Z MmaBaggio 11091 50742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Bell|image_name=Mto Bell.png|image_map=South Africa Eastern Cape relief location map.svg|map_caption=Bokopano le Sterkspruit|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]]|mouth=Bokopano le Sterkspruit|river_system=[[Noka ya Orange]]}} '''Noka ya Bell''' ke noka e e tshelwang ke dithaba tsa [[Drankesberg]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Kapa Botlhaba]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Kgampu ya yone ke bontlha jwa [[noka ya Orange]], e ka nna dikhilomithara di le makgolo mane masome mabedi le bone, e tswa kwa bogodimong jwa dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a supa le masome a mabedi a di mithara go ya kwa diketeng di le tharo le motso.<ref>Rowntree, K.M.; E.S.J. Dollar (1995). [https://eprints.ru.ac.za/527/01/Hydroclimatic-trends.pdf "Hydroclimactic trends, sediment sources and geomorphic response in the Bell River catchment, Eastern Cape Drakensberg, South Africa"] (PDF). ''South African Geographical Journal''. '''77''' (1): 21–32. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995SAfGJ..77...21D :1995SAfGJ..77...21D]. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03736245.1995.9713585 10.1080/03736245.1995.9713585.] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0373-6245 0373-6245.] Retrieved 2026-06-15</ref> Motswedi wa noka e, o gaufi le molelwane wa [[Lesotho]] kwa bokone jwa Naude's Neck Pass. Kwa tlase e feta toropo ya [[Rhodes, Kapa Botlhaba|Rhodes]], go tshela kwa nokeng ya Kraai dikhilomithara di le masome mane go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone. Noka ya Bell le Sterkspruit, di nna noka ya Kraai kwa bokone bophirima jwa Moshesh's Ford e elelela kwa bophirima go ya kwa Aliwal North, kwa e kopanang teng le [[noka ya Orange]]. Noka e, e na le ditlhapi tsa Rainbow trout di le dintsi. Mokete wa Bell's Wild Trou o kwa toropong ya Rhodes o rulaganngwa ke lekgotla la Wild trout. Batsaya karolo ba le masome a robabobedi ba tshwara ditlhapi mo sebakeng sa malatsi a mararo mo metsing a a tsamayang a dikilomithara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi mo go leng sebaka sa oura go kgweeletsa kwa motseng. Lefelo le e le nosang le dirisiwa thata go fula ke balemi barui ba ba rekisang fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa.<ref>Hugo, W.J., 1966, The Small Stock Industry in South Africa, Government Printer, Pretoria.</ref> Ka jalo boleng jwa metsi a noka le go itshetlela ga mosele go amiwa ke go oketsega ga motlhaba o o tswang mo kgothegong ya lefelo leo. Go thibela se, go lemilwe mofuta wa setlhare sa Salix caprea mo lotshitshing lwa noka go thibela go wa ga mosele.<ref>Rowntree, K.M.; E.S.J. Dollar (1999). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199902)24:2%3C127::AID-ESP944%3E3.0.CO;2-3 "Vegetation controls on channel stability in the Bell River, Eastern Cape, South Africa".] ''[[:en:Earth_Surface_Processes_and_Landforms|Earth Surface Processes and Landforms]]''. '''24''' (2). Grahamstown: Rhodes University: 127–134. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ESPL...24..127R 1999ESPL...24..127R]. doi:10.1002/(SICI)[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199902)24:2%3C127::AID-ESP944%3E3.0.CO;2-3 1096-9837(199902)24:2<127::AID-ESP944>3.0].CO;2-3. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0197-9337 0197-9337].</ref> == Metswedi == 23kgg424u2q8bvk83czfs9217nn846d 0 13643 50735 2026-06-15T12:50:25Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Dayet Iffer 50735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Iffer Dait Aoua commune Ifrane province.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Dayet Iffer]] '''Letsha la Iffer''' (Arabic) ke letsha la tlholego la kwa Morocco le le leng mo motseng wa Dayat Aoua [ar] mo porofenseng ya Ifrane. E fa thoko ga Middle Atlas tourist lakes route, 35 km (22 mi) go tswa Ifrane le 22 km (14 mi) go tswa [[Imouzzer Kandar.]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501092606/https://www.alahdat.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1/ "مواصلة تجهيز الطرق بإقليم إفران"] [Continuing to equip roads in Ifrane Province] (in Arabic). Archived from [https://www.alahdat.net/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1/ the original] on 2021-05-01.</ref> == Letshwao == Leina "Iffer" le tswa mo lefokong la Se-Berber le le kayang le fitlhegile ka ntlha ya lefelo le le fitlhegileng la letsha magareng ga dithaba. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501062653/https://journalaswat.com/2019/04/12/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%A9 "ضاية إيفر البحيرة المختبئة"] [Lake Iffer, the hidden lake] (in Arabic). Archived from [https://journalaswat.com/2019/04/12/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A6%D8%A9/ the original] on 2021-05-01.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Letsha leno le na le sebopego sa khutlo-gare, le bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mararo, le le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le sekete,makgolo a matlhano le masome a mabedi le boteng jwa dimetara di le borataro. E na le bogolo jwa diheketara di le 3,5 mme ke letsha le lennye go a gaisa otlhe mo Middle Atlas, mme le na le tlelaemete e e bongola. <ref>"م[https://web.archive.org/web/20200722002353/http://maroc-patrimoine.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5463.html عالم التراث الطبيعي والتراث الحضاري بالمغرب"] [Landmarks of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Morocco] (in Arabic). Archived from [http://maroc-patrimoine.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5463.html the original] on 2020-07-22.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501084308/http://mapecology.ma/slider/ecotourisme-iffer-et-afourgah-les-lacs-meconnus-du-moyen-atlas/ "Écotourisme: Iffer et Afourgah, les lacs méconnus du Moyen Atlas"] [Ecotourism: Iffer and Afourgah, the little-known lakes of the Middle Atlas] (in French). Archived from [http://mapecology.ma/slider/ecotourisme-iffer-et-afourgah-les-lacs-meconnus-du-moyen-atlas/ the original] on 2021-05-01.</ref> Letšha la Iffer le le mo teng ga Takeltont Forest Reserve, le dikologilwe ke dimela tse di farologaneng tse di akaretsang ditlhare tsa oak, phaene ya Aleppo le juniper. Letsha le na le dinonyane tse dintsi tsa metsi mme le tlhophilwe go nna lefelo le le bongola ke World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Mefuta e le mmalwa ya ditlhapi go akaretsa crucian carp e nna mo letsheng, fa dithunya tsa metsi di gola mo metsing a lone. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501062623/http://www.eauxetforets.gov.ma/SiteAssets/AccueilAR/SitePages/Pisciculture/Arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9_annuel_p%C3%AAche_2020-2021_ar.pdf "قرار صادر بتنظيم الصيد في المياه القارية وتحديد الفترات التي يمنع فيها صيد السمك وكذا الأماكن المحتفظ فيها بحق الصيد خلال موسم 2020-202]1" [Decree regulating fishing in continental waters and specifying the periods during which fishing is prohibited as well as the places where the right to fish is reserved during the 2020-2021 season] (PDF) (in Arabic). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-05-01.</ref> hmyexxa1f8p9c30kc1ec3h5kcf8gx0w 0 13644 50736 2026-06-15T13:14:05Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Ifni 50736 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Ifni in the Toubkal commune, High Atlas, Morocco.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Ifni]] '''Letsha la Ifni''' (Arabic: Dayet Ifni) ke letsha le le tala le le leng mo mmung wa [[Toubkal National Park]], kwa Toubkal (commune) ya Morocco, kwa teng ga thaba ya High Atlas, e e nang le tlelaemete ya kontinente, mme e okametswe ka tlhamalalo ke setlhoa se se kwa godimo go gaisa kwa Afrika Bokone, e leng setlhoa sa Thaba ya Toubkal. Letsha leno le tlhomologile ka ntlha ya mekgokolosa ya lone e e makgwakgwa, go nna ga lone kwa bofelong jwa mokgatšha, boteng jwa lone jo bogolo, le bogodimo jwa lone jo bo fetang jwa lewatle, jo bo ka nnang dimetara di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano . Ka jalo, ke lengwe la matsha a a kwa godimo thata mo lefatsheng. Bogolo jwa yone bo ka nna diheketara di le masome a mabedi le borataro , boleele jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa, mme bophara jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le makgolo a mane le masome a robabongwe. e na le lebelo la go tshologa la dimetara di le makgolo a mararo ka motsotswana, le boteng jwa dimetara di feta masome a mararo.<ref>[https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/en/ifni-lake-toubkal-massif/ "Ifni lake - Toubkal national park".] ''Explore Agadir Souss Massa''. 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2024-05-19.</ref><ref>admin (2020-11-04). [https://atlas-mountain-trekking.com/toubkal-circuit-via-lake-ifni-high-atlas-mountains-6-days/ "Toubkal Circuit Via Lake Ifni & High Atlas Mountains (6 Days) | Trekking In Morocco – Holidays In The High Atlas Mountains".] Retrieved 2024-05-19.</ref> == Popego ya mmele == Ditso tsa jeoloji ya kgaolo e simolotse mo nakong ya pele ya jeoloji, dingwaga tse di fetang dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le botlhano tse di fetileng. <ref>[https://earth104.tripod.com/geo%20content.htm "التاريخ الجيولوجي".] ''earth104.tripod.com''. Retrieved 2024-06-02.</ref> == Lefelo == Letsha la Ifni le kwa Parakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Toubkal, kwa bophirima jwa Great View, segolobogolo mo kgaolong ya setšhaba sa Toubkal, porofense ya Taroudant, kgaolo ya Souss-Massa, gaufi le kgogedi ya Amsousart. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220903091316/https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ "بحيرة إفني - جبل توبقال - Explore Agadir Souss Massa"]. 2022-09-03. Archived from [https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ the original] on 2022-09-03. Retrieved 2024-05-18.</ref> Letsha la Ifni le kwa bokhutlong jwa mokgatšha o o tswaletsweng, mo kgaolong e e dithaba e e nang le dithaba tse di thata tse di tlhamilweng dingwaga tse di fetang dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le botlhano tse di fetileng. Le dikologilwe ke mekgokolosa e e makgwakgwa mo dintlheng tsotlhe, ntle le kwa bophirima, koo le bulegelang kwa mokgatšheng ka fa godimo ga boalo jo bo dirilweng ka matlapa le maje, mme le lebilwe ka tlhamalalo ke setlhoa se se kwa godimo go gaisa kwa Afrika Bokone, e leng setlhoa sa Thaba ya Toubkal, dimetara di le dikete tse nne,lekgolo le masome a marataro le bosupa, go tlaleletsa kwa setlhoeng sa Ouanokarim le tse dingwe. <ref>[https://extremetour.pro/en/climb-mt-toubkal-lake-ifni "Climbing to Toubkal (4167 m) through Lake Ifni".] ''extremetour.pro''. Retrieved 2024-05-19.</ref> == Seemo sa Bosa == Letsha leno le na le tlelaemete e e tshwanang le ya kontinente, e mo go yone dithemperetšha tse di kwa godimo di fitlhang go didikirii di le masome a mane le botlhano ka selemo, mme ka mariga di wela kwa tlase ga lefela, mme seno se dira gore metsi a letsha leno a gatsetse. == Baagi == Letsha la Ifni le tsewa e le letamo la tlholego le baagi ba lone ba le dirisang go lema. Metse e e fetang lesome mo kgaolong eno e solegelwa molemo ke metsi a Letsha la Ifni. Go akanngwa gore baagi ba mafelo ano ba tswa mo merafeng ya Ba-Berber ba Atlantic. Puo e e buiwang thata mo kgaolong eno ke Se-Amazigh. Mo godimo ga temothuo, banni ba ikaegile ka mafulo jaaka motswedi wa ntlha wa lotseno la bona, segolo dipodi. <ref>[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/353801538414553978/pdf/130404-WP-P159851-Morocco-WEB.pdf "CLIMATE VARIABILITY, DROUGHT, AND DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO'S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR"] (PDF).</ref> == Bojanala == Letsha leno le ratiwa thata ke batho ba ba ratang metshameko ya kwa dithabeng mo nageng eno le mo dinageng tse dingwe. Le fa e le naga e e thata, ga se karolo yotlhe ya yone e e dirisediwang go fudisa diruiwa. Kafa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa letsha leno go na le lefelo le le bulegileng le le nang le dikago tse dinnye tse di diretsweng go dirisiwa ke bajanala. Gape batho ba le bantsi ba rata go kampa le go itlosa bodutu. Go agilwe tsela e e ralalang motse wa Imsuzart e e letlang bajanala go fitlha kwa lotshitshing ka koloi. Letsha leno gape le tsewa e le lefelo la go ema fa o palama Toubkal Peak go tswa kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba, mme go nna teng ga lone go tsosolosa itshololelo ya selegae ya banni, segolo thata ka nako ya kapoko. <ref>[https://highatlasfoundation.org/en/insights/coming-together-for-lake-ifni "Coming Together for Lake Ifni — High Atlas Foundation".] ''highatlasfoundation.org''. Retrieved 2024-05-29.</ref><ref>[https://trekatlas.com/treks/toubkal-region/lake-ifni-toubkal-summit "Lake Ifni - Toubkal Summit | TrekAtlas.com".] ''trekatlas.com''. Retrieved 2024-05-29.</ref><ref>صادق, نسرين (2021-01-11). [https://www.akhbaralaan.net/news/arab-world/2021/01/11/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A1-144-%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA ""قافلة شتاء" تدفيء 144 طفلاً بقرية امسوزارت". ''أخبار''] ''الآن'' (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-05-29.</ref> Go thuma mo Letsha la Ifni go thata e bile go kotsi. Lefelo leno le nnile le ditiragalo di le dintsi tsa go kgangwa ke metsi, segolobogolo mo bajanaleng. <ref>"تارودانت .. "بحيرة الموت" تخطف روح شاب في العشرينيات من عمره – العمق المغربي". 2021-09-23. Archived from [https://al3omk.com/668681.html the original] on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2024-05-29.</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, dithaba tsa High Atlas di ile tsa ngoka palo e kgolo ya bajanala ba gantsi ba palamang Thaba ya Tubqal mme ba etela letsha leno. Mo godimo ga moo, go na le ditlamo tse dingwe tse di nayang fela go etela letsha, mo tirong ya malatsi a le mabedi,<ref>[https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/datasheets-alventus/datasheets/2017-03-28-19-46-22-1297-VE-017%20MARRUECOS%20TREK%20ATLAS.pdf "Alto Atlas Página 1 SENDEROS DEL ALTO ATLAS"] (PDF).</ref> == Setso == Filimi ya dikgang ya kwa Morocco Amouddou e ne ya rekota karolo ya yone ya bosupa kwa Atlas e kgolo mme segolobogolo kwa Letsheng la Ifni. == Metswedi == luqfwqitd6mgc690b1zhgalh0hvkmgo 0 13645 50737 2026-06-15T13:28:02Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Ouiouane 50737 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lac- Ouioune.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Ouioune]] '''Letsha la Ouiouane''' le kwa kgaolong ya [[Khenifra]] kwa [[Morocco]], lefelo la bojanala le le mo gare ga dithaba tsa Middle Atlas le dikgwa tsa mosedara, tse e leng tse dikgolo go gaisa kwa Morocco. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le lesome go tswa kwa ntlheng ya [[noka ya Oum Er-Rbia]] le dikilometara di le masome a mararo le bosupa go tswa kwa toropong ya M'rirt. <ref>[https://www.ahdath.info/98178 "Lake Ouiouane: Beauty and tranquility amidst garbage, waste and neglect".] Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160803155901/http://www.ahdath.info/98178 original] on 2016-08-03.</ref><ref>[https://mamlakatona.com/archives/79202 Our Kingdom (November 4, 2018). "Lake Ouiouane ... indescribable natural beauty"]. Our Kingdom. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722020731/https://mamlakatona.com/archives/79202 original] on 2020-07-22. Accessed on 2020-07-22.</ref><ref>[https://ar.haberler.com/arabic-news-1267069/ "Lake Ouiouane in Morocco. Nature's magic". Haberler.com.] October 31, 2018. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722020659/https://ar.haberler.com/arabic-news-1267069/ original] on 2020-07-22. Accessed on 2020-07-22.</ref> Letsha la Ouiouane le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa carp le trout. <ref>[https://ardbladi.com/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A9/ "The beauty of Lake Ouiouane in the Atlas Mountains near Khenifra".] Archived from the original on 2021-04-30.</ref><ref>[https://www.afrigatenews.net/article/%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8/ "Seductive waterfalls and lakes in Morocco's Middle Atlas"]. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30.</ref> Letsha la Ouiouane le le mo Parakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Khenifra e e bogodimo jwa dimetara di le 1.600, le mo lenaaneng la Ramsar la mafelo a a botlhokwa a a nang le metsi a a botlhokwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Le fa go ntse jalo, ditlamorago tsa leroborobo la COVID-19 di ne tsa dira gore palo ya baeti e fokotsege.<ref>[https://2m.ma/ar/error "Pandemic keeps visitors away from Ramsar-listed Lake Ouiouane"]. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30.</ref><ref>[https://auberge-lac-ouiouane.com/tarifs/ "Hotel prices in Lake Ouiouane".] Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200804144501/https://auberge-lac-ouiouane.com/tarifs/ original] on 2020-08-04.</ref> == Metswedi == g60hlryz159kwnrvs8a42hwvwpwoey7 0 13646 50738 2026-06-15T13:39:08Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Zerrouka 50738 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake zerrouka, Morocco 687.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Zerrouka]] '''Letsha la Zerrouka''' ke letsha la kwa Morocco le le leng mo melelwaneng ya motse wa Tizguite mo porofenseng ya Ifrane, e e ka nnang kilometara e le nngwe (0.62 mi) go tswa kwa Ifrane. Letsha leno ke lefelo le le ratwang thata ke bajanala ba ba tswang kwa ditoropong tse di farologaneng tsa Morocco, mme le na le ditshono tsa go itlosa bodutu le go tshwara ditlhapi. Letsha leno le kgaogantswe ka dikarolo tse pedi tse di farologaneng, tse di bidiwang Letsha la Zerrouka 1 le Letsha la Zerrouka 2.<ref>Morocco, Al-Ahdath newspaper; Touhami, Rouchdi (August 16, 2023). [https://www.ahdath.info/article/211806/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AC/%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AD-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9 “Zarouga in the outskirts of Ifrane. A natural space that gives its visitors the pleasure of rest”]. Events.Anfo - Events.Anfo website. Archived from the original on 2023-12-04. Accessed on 2024-05-16.</ref> Letsha leno gape ke lefelo la mefutafuta ya dinonyane, tse di fudugang le tse di nnang koo, <ref>"ب[https://snrtnews.com/article/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9 حيرة زروقة.. بعيدا عن ضوضاء وحر المدينة".] ''SNRT News'' (in Arabic). 24 August 2021.</ref>go akaretsa le leeba la Rock, [[Eurasian collared dove, Common sandpiper, Little egret]],<ref>[https://ebird.org/hotspot/L976515 “Lac Zerouka, Meknès-Tafilalet, Morocco - eBird Hotspot”. ebird.org.] April 12, 2024. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20220202044631/https://ebird.org/hotspot/L976515 original] on 2022-02-02. Accessed on 2024-05-16.</ref> [[Grey heron, Gadwall, Common pochard, Great crested grebe]].<ref>[https://ebird.org/hotspot/L976515 “Lac Zerouka, Meknès-Tafilalet, Morocco - eBird Hotspot”. ebird.org.] May 10, 2024. Archived from the original on 2022-02-02. Accessed on 2024-05-16.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Letsha la Zerrouka le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi, jaaka carp, common roach, pike, le rainbow trout. <ref>Yadari, Issam El (17 May 2022). "إفرا[https://ledesk.ma/arabia/%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD/ ن.. جوهرة جبال الأطلس المتوسط الساحرة".] ''Le Desk'' (in Arabic).</ref> Ka ntlha ya go farologana ga ditshedi tsa letsha leno, le tsewa e le lefelo le le sireleditsweng, le fa e le gore go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro le nnile lefelo la mefuta ya ditshedi e e tlhaselang ya Ferrissia californica.<ref>Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University; Mabrouki, Youness; Glöer, Peter; Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Germany; Taybi, Abdelkhaleq F.; Mohammed First University (2023). [http://ncr-journal.bear-land.org/article/398 "The first record of the North American freshwater limpet Ferrissia californica (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Morocco".] ''Nature Conservation Research''. '''8''' (1). doi:10.24189/ncr.2023.004.</ref> == Tsela e Tikologo e Leng ka Yone == Letsha la Zerrouka le kwa bogodimong jwa 1,600 m (5,200 ft) le boteng jwa 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) le bogolo jwa 3.5 ha (8.6 acres). == Metswedi == 42vmilc02iqywkcy7svh3puvlnu5x3r 0 13647 50739 2026-06-15T13:46:13Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Chott Ech Chergui 50739 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Chott Ech Chergui NASA.jpg|thumb|Letsha Chott Ech Chergui]] '''Chott Ech Chergui''' (Arabic) ke letsha le letona la letswai la endorheic le le kwa porofenseng ya Saïda, kwa bokonebophirima jwa Algeria. <ref>[http://www.getamap.net/maps/algeria/saida/_chergui_chottech/ Chott ech Chergui - Wilaya de Saida]</ref>E kwa 34.35°N 0.5°E mo nageng ya Hautes Plaines magareng ga Tell Atlas le Saharan Atlas mme ke lengwe la matsha a magolo kwa Algeria. == Tikologo == Chott Ech Chergui e na le kgaolo ya 2000 km2 koo metsi a kgobokanang teng ka paka ya dipula, a bopa dinoka tsa letswai tse di seng boteng tse di nnang mafelo a letswai fa di omelela. Lefelo la letsha le boleele jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a marataro go tswa ENE go ya WSW mme le mo bogodimong jwa 1000 m. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210721024200/http://levis.sggw.waw.pl/wethydro/contents/w3m/presentations/Session_3/shafinoor2_e.pdf "Magdi Masgidi & Shafi Noor Islam, ''Wetlands Management in Algeria: A Case Study on Chott Ech Chergui.''"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2014-08-15.</ref> Chott Ech Chergui e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna lefelo la Ramsar la metsi le le botlhokwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Lefelo la Ramsar le na le bogolo jwa 8555 km2 mme ke tikologo ya tlholego ya mefuta e mentsi ya diphologolo le dimela tse di mo kotsing le tse di leng mo kotsing. <ref>[http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-wetlands-of-19503/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E19503_4000_0__ Wetlands of International Importance: Algeria, Chott Ech Chergui]</ref> == Metswedi == fmrroqjfboumyikrt9di9nsuevd06cu 0 13648 50740 2026-06-15T13:59:38Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Akfadou 50740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Akfadou''', le le itsegeng gape e le '''Letsha le Lentsho''', le mo dithabeng tsa Djurdjura, mo teng ga Djurdjura National Park. E fa gare ga diporofense tsa Algeria tsa Tizi Ouzou le Béjaïa. == Kakaretso == Letsha le Lentsho, le le itsegeng ka Se-Berber e le "Oqlimim Afrakan", le kwa sekgweng sa Akfadou, gaufi le Tsela ya Bosetšhaba ya masome a mararo le bone. E itsege ka ditlhare tsa yone tse dintsi tsa moakere. <ref>[https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemaghreb/78281 Djazairess : Tizi-Ouzou / Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou :] une invitation au repos Archived February 02, 2017 at Wayback Machine.</ref> Oqlimim Afrakan e kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi mme ke lefelo le le ratwang ke bajanala ba ba ratang tlhago ba ba batlang go tshabela botshelo jwa toropo ka tidimalo. <ref>[https://www.djazairess.com/akhbarelyoum/188883 About : The Black Lake of Akfadou, the Jewel of the Djerjara, is an eye-catching gem] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]</ref> Letsha leno le le bogolo jwa diheketara di le tharo le le boteng jwa mo e ka nnang metara o le mongwe, le bontsha mebala e mentsi. Tseno di akaretsa botala jwa loapi, bosweu jo bo tswang mo marung, le botala jo bo tseneletseng jo bo tswang mo ditlhareng tsa oak tse di e dikologileng go tswa mo matlhakoreng otlhe. <ref>[https://www.djazairess.com/echchaab/34295 Interesting : Recreational space and neglected forest wealth] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]</ref> Go ile ga agiwa sekgoreletsi sa maitirelo mo letlhakoreng le lengwe la letsha leno gore metsi a nne mo maemong a a rileng. Go nna teng ga ditlhare tse di nwetseng go le gonnye mo letsheng.<ref>[https://www.aps.dz/regions/45395-vir%C3%A9e-au-lac-noir-de-l%E2%80%99akfadou-une-invitation-au-repos-reportage Algérie Presse Service - Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou : une invitation au repos] Archived February 2, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]</ref> Dikoloi, go akaretsa dikoloi le dibese tse dinnye, di eme gaufi le letsha leno morago ga gore di dirisiwe go rwala bajanala ba ba tswang kwa dinageng tse di mabapi ba ba tlang go ijesa monate mo matlhakoreng a lone. Malapa, ditlhopha tsa ditsala, le batsamaya ka dinao ba batla go ikhutsa mo mogoteng ka fa tlase ga meriti ya ditlhare mo lefelong leo. <ref>[https://www.djazairess.com/alfadjr/340548 About : The "Black Lake" in the Akvado Forest. A virgin nature that enchants visitors] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]</ref> Gape go na le digwagwa tse di tlolelang tse di nnang mo lefelong leno. Setlhare se se wetseng mo metsing se na le segwagwa se segolo se baeti ba se bitsang "dinosaur". Eno ke nngwe ya ditlhamane tsa Oqlimim Afrakan. Lefelo la thutamarope la motse wa Mahaqa, le le simolotseng ka nako ya Baroma kgotsa le eleng nako e kgologolo, le le bidiwang "Akham Ojhali", le emela dilo tse di kgatlhang tsa thutamarope le tsa ditso tse di sa ntseng di sa itsiwe ke borasaense. == Metswedi == 2nqq1uzepxf3iduar9344bfpjfmp3ql 0 13649 50741 2026-06-15T14:00:22Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Grand Ethiopean Renaissance #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance''' (GERD kgotsa TalHiGe<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-57750225 "Hidha Haaromsaa Guddicha Itoophiyaa 'Adwaa Lammaffaa' lammiilee Itoophiyaa tokkoomse"]. ''BBC News Afaan Oromoo'' (in Oromo). Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref>), le pele le neng le itsege ka leina la letamo la Millennium dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa letamo la Hidase ke letamo le le agilweng ka majwe kwa nokeng ya Blue Nile kwa Ethiopia. Letamo le le kwa kgaolong ya Metekel ya Benishangul-Gumuz, gaufi le molelwane wa Sudan.<ref>[http://www.inewsone.com/2011/04/17/ethiopias-biggest-dam-to-help-neighbours-solve-power-problem/43904 "Ethiopia's biggest dam to help neighbours solve power problem".] News One. 17 April 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref><ref>Roussi, Antoaneta (10 October 2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02987-6 "Nations Clash over Giant Nile Dam]". ''Nature''. '''574''' (7777): 159–60. doi:[https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02987-6 10.1038/d41586-019-02987-6]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595068/ 31595068]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f62f4c97b9e64c6377bc3ceb8c5b2c86b2bbfec 203929162.]</ref> Le agilwe ka dingwaga tsa 2011 go tsena 2025, tirisokgolo ya lone ke go fetlha motlakase go thusa ka tlhaelo ya motlakase ya kwa Ethiopia le go rekisetsa mafatshe a a mabapi motlakase. Ka seelo sa 5.15 gigawatts, letamo le ke lone pitsa ya motlakase e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo Aforika<ref>[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/07/04/the-bitter-dispute-over-africas-largest-dam "The bitter dispute over Africa's largest dam".] ''The Economist''.</ref>, e le la masome mabedi ka botona mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Legato la ntlha la go tlatsa letangwana le simolotse ka Phukwi ngwaga wa 2020, ka Phatwe 2020 metsi a ne a oketsega go nna selekanyo sa dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano, le masome a mane (dimithara di le masome mane go feta bo kwa tlase jwa letamo, le le leng dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano go feta seelo sa lewatle). Legato la bobedi la go tlatsa le feditswe ka Phukwi a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2021, metsi a tlhaatlogetse kwa dimithareng di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a supa le botlhano. Legato laboraro le feditswe ka Phatwe a le lesome lebobedi ngwaga wa 2022 mo seelong sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro. Legato la bone le feditswe ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa 2023 ka seelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro masome a mabedi le botlhano. Legato la botlhano ebile e le lone la bofelo le feditswe ka Phalane ngwaga wa 2024, ka seelo sa bofelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a mane. Pitsa e, e tlhomilwe semmuso ka Lwetse a robabongwe ngwaga wa 2025. Ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2022, letamo le ne la ntsha motlakase wa di megawattsa di le makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le botlhano e le lantlha. Lefetlha motlakase la bobedi la di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le botlhano le butswe semmuso ka Phatwe 2022. Metshine ya boraro le bone ya dimegawatts di le makgolo mane di tlhomilwe semmuso ka Phatwe 2024. Go bulwa ga letamo ga semmuso e ne e le ka Lwetse a robabbongwe ngwaga wa 2025. == Tse di diragetseng pele == Leina le noka ya Blue Nile e le tsayang mo Ethiopia ("Abay") le tswa mo lefokong la Geéz le le rayang bogolo go supa gore ke noka ya dinoka. Lefoko Abay le santse le leteng mo dipuong tsa Ethiopia tse ditona go supa sepe kgotsa ope o o supiwang a le kwa godimo. Lefelo le le tlhopetsweng letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance le tlhophilwe ke Unted States Bureau of Reclamation ka nako ya tshekatsheko ya Blue Nile, e e dirilweng ka dingwaga tsa 1956 le 1964 ka nako ya bogosi jwa ga Haile Selassie. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya thankgolo ya 1974, tlhaselo ya Ethiopia ya lefatshe la Somalia ka 1977 go tsena 1978, le ntwa ya selegae ya Ethiopia ya dingwaga tse di lesome le botlhano, porojeke e ne ya seka ya tswelela go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa 2000. puso ya Ethiopia e ne ya tlhatlhoba lefelo ka Phalane 2009 le Phatwe 2010. Ka Ngwanatsele 2010, go ne ga isiwa moalo wa letamo. Ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa 2011, letsatsi morago ga porojeke e sena go bolelwa phatlalatsa, konteraka ya dibilone di le nne le borobabobedi e ne ya neelwa kompone ya Italy ya Salini Impregilo go sena ba ba phadisanelang konteraka e, moalo wa ntlha wa matlapa o ne wa alwa ka Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2011 ke tonakgolo Meles Zenawi. Motshine o o thubang majwe o ne wa agiwa, ga mmogo le sefofane se sepotlana go fefosa motsamao. Tsholofelo e ne e le gore difetlha motlakase tsa ntlha tse pedi di tlaa bereka morago ga dikgwedi di le masome mane le bone tsa kago, kgotsa ngwaga wa 2015 o simologa. Lefatshe la Egepeto, le le dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano kwa tlase ga lefelo leo, le kgatlhanong le letamo le, ka le dumela le tlaa fokotsa seelo sa metsi a Nile a a dirisiwang ke lefatshe la Egepeto. Zenawi o ne a bolela, a ikaegile ka patlisiso e e sa fiwang leina, gore letamo ga le kake la fokotsa metsi a a yang kwa tlase, mme le tlaa laola metsi a a dirisediwang go nosetsa. Ka Motsheganong 2011, go ne ga itsisiwe fa lefatshe la Ethiopia le tlaa tlhakanela moalo wa letamo le la Egepeto gore ditlamorago di sekasekiwe. Letamo le pele le ne le bidiwa Project X. Morago ga konteraka ya lone e sena go itsisiwe, le ne la bidiwa letamo la Millenium. Ka Moranang a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2011, khansele ya matona e ne ya le fetola leina go nna letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance. Lefatshe la Ethiopia le na le kgonagalo ya motlakase wa metsi wa 45 GW. Letamo le, le duelelwa ke puso le madi a a abilweng ke makgotla a aikemetseng. Go ne go solofetswe gore le tlaa fela ka Phukwi 2017. Ditlamorago tse di ka diragalang ke tsone motswedi wa dikgogakgogano tsa mafatshe a a mo kgaolong. Lefatshe la Egepeto le ikaegile ka noka ya Nile go bona 90% wa metsi a lone. Puso ya Egepeto e ne ya gwetlha gore lefatshe la Ethiopia le emise kago mo letamong e le maemo a a tlhokegang pele ga gpo buisanwa le ne gape la kopa kemo nokeng ya mafatshe a mangwe aa mo kgaolong, baeteledipele bangwe ba sepolotiki ba tlhatlhantse ka ditsela tsa go kganela porojeke e. Lefatshe la Egepeto le ne la tswa ka leano la nyatsa kemo nokeng ya letamo mo kgaolong ga mmogo le lefatshe la China, Italy le mafatshe a mangwe a a emeng porojeke e nokeng. Le fa go ntse jalo, dipuso tsa mafatshe a mangwe kwa lenaneeng la kgampu la Nile di ne tsa supa kemo nokeng ya letamo le. Maatshe a, a akaretsa la Sudan, le e leng lone fela le lengwe le le kwa tlase ga Blue Nile, le ntswa maemo a Sudan ka letamo le a ne a farologana ka nako. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lefatshe la Sudan le ne la supa la Egepeto ka monwana go bo le tlhotlheletsa seemo. Lefatshe la Ethiopia le ganetsa gore letamo le tlaa nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo go eleleng ga metsi kwa tlase, le bolela fa letamo le tlaa oketsa go elela ga metsi go ya Egepeto ka go fokotsa go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi mo lekadibeng la Nasser. Lefatshe la Ethiopia la re la Egepepeto le nna dingalo fela; ka Phalane 2019, lefatshe la Egepeto le ne la re dipuisano le mafatshe a Sudan le Ethiopia ka kago ya letamo la dibilone di le nne la motlakase wa metsi le Ethiopia e le agang mo nokeng ya Nile di eme go sena tharabololo. Go simolola ka Ngwanatsele 2019, mokwaledi mogolo wa tsa madi wa U.S Steven T. Mnuchin o simolotse go dra dipuisano le mafatshe ka boraro. == Ditshenyegelo le dituelo == Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance (GERD) go akanyeditswe fa le tlaa lopa madi a di dolara a ka nna dibilone di le tlhano, a lekana le 7% wa dipoelo tsa 2016 tsa lefatshe la Ethiopia. Tlhaelo ya madi a a emang nokeng diporojeke mo nokeng ya Blue Nile go tswa kwa mafatsheng kgotla makgotla a mafatshefatshe go supilwe fa e le letsholo la Egepeto go laola go neelana metsi a Nile. Lefatshe la ethiopia le ne la patelesega go ntsha madi a GERD ka go kopa madi kwa makgotleng a a farologaneng ka go rekisa dikamano le go gwetlha babereki go ntsha bontlha bongwe jwa dituelo tsa bone. Madi a a ntshiwang a ntshediwa mo maranyaneng a semmuso a a tlhomamisitsweng ke ofisi ya ga tonakgolo wa Ethiopia. Bilone e le nngwe ya madi otlhe ya metshine le didirisiwa tsa motlakase a ntshitswe ke Exim Bank of China. == Leano la kago == Leano la kago le fetogile gantsi ka dingwaga tsa 2011 go tsena 2019. Se se ne sa ama dielo tsa motlakase le go baya. Pele, ka ngwaga wa 2011, motshine wa motlakase wa metsi o ne o tshwanetse go amogela difetlha motlakase di le lesome le botlhano, nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e fetlha motlakase wa di megawattsa di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano, se se dira gore seelo sotlhe e nne dikete di le tlhano, makgolo mabedi, le masome a matlhano, ka tsholofelo ya motlakase wa di Gigawatts di le dikete di le lesome le botlhano, lekgolo, le masome mabedi le borobabbobedi ka ngwaga. Seelo sa motlakase o o tla a fetlhiwang se ne sa okediwa morago go nna dikete di le thataro ka metshine e le lesome le borataro, mongwe le mongwe o fetlha di megawatts di le dikete di le lesome le borataro, lekgolo, masome a matlhano le boraro. Motlakase o o tla a ntshiwang go ne go solofelwa fa e tlaa nna di Gigawatts di le lesome le borataro, lekgolo le masome a matlhano le boraro ka ngwaga. Seo se ne sa fitlhelelwa ka go oketsa metshine e le lesome le bone ya e le lesome leborataro go stwa kwa di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo, masoe a supa le botlhano go nna di le makgolo a mane go sa fetolwe seelo. Go ya ka tona wa Ethiopia ka Phalane a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2019, seelo sa go fetlha motlakase sa GERD gompieno ke dikete di le tlhano, lekgolo le masome a matlhano, ka metshine e le lesome le boraro e le kwelo tlase go tswa mo go e le lesome le borataro. Ga se dipalo tsa motlakase fela tse di fetogileng mo nakong, dipalo tsa go baya le tsone di fetogile. Ka ngwaga wa 2011, letamo le ne le tshwanetse go nna boleele jwa dimithara di le lekgolo masome mane le botlhano ka seelo sa di mithara di le didkadike di le lesome le motso. Letangwana le ne le tshwanetse go nna le seelo sa dikhilomithara di le masome a marataro leborataro le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a marataro le masome a robabobedi fa le tletse. Letangwana le le bapileng le letamo le legolo le ne le tshwanetse go nna boleele jwa dimkithara di le masome mane lebotlhano ka dimithara go ya kwa godimo, boleele jwa dimithara di le dikete nne le makgolo a robabobedi le seelo sa dimithara di le didikadike di le lesome le botlhano. Ka ngwaga wa 2013, lekgotla la baitseanape ba ba ikemetseng (IPoE) le ne la tlhatlhoba letamo le dipalo tsa lone tsa setegeniki. Ka nako eo, dipalo tsa letangwana di ne di fetogile. Dipalo tsa letangwana fa le tletse di ne tsa ya kwa dikhilomithareng di le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bone, e le koketsego ya dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le bone. == Metswedi == b4ya3mdku4dinfi4sczqhve3h7i24am 50758 50741 2026-06-16T00:18:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance''' (GERD kgotsa TalHiGe<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-57750225 "Hidha Haaromsaa Guddicha Itoophiyaa 'Adwaa Lammaffaa' lammiilee Itoophiyaa tokkoomse"]. ''BBC News Afaan Oromoo'' (in Oromo). Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref>), le pele le neng le itsege ka leina la letamo la Millennium dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa letamo la Hidase ke letamo le le agilweng ka majwe kwa nokeng ya Blue Nile kwa Ethiopia. Letamo le le kwa kgaolong ya Metekel ya Benishangul-Gumuz, gaufi le molelwane wa Sudan.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120322030951/http://www.inewsone.com/2011/04/17/ethiopias-biggest-dam-to-help-neighbours-solve-power-problem/43904 "Ethiopia's biggest dam to help neighbours solve power problem".] News One. 17 April 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref><ref>Roussi, Antoaneta (10 October 2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02987-6 "Nations Clash over Giant Nile Dam]". ''Nature''. '''574''' (7777): 159–60. doi:[https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02987-6 10.1038/d41586-019-02987-6]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595068/ 31595068]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f62f4c97b9e64c6377bc3ceb8c5b2c86b2bbfec 203929162.]</ref> Le agilwe ka dingwaga tsa 2011 go tsena 2025, tirisokgolo ya lone ke go fetlha motlakase go thusa ka tlhaelo ya motlakase ya kwa Ethiopia le go rekisetsa mafatshe a a mabapi motlakase. Ka seelo sa 5.15 gigawatts, letamo le ke lone pitsa ya motlakase e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo Aforika<ref>[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/07/04/the-bitter-dispute-over-africas-largest-dam "The bitter dispute over Africa's largest dam".] ''The Economist''.</ref>, e le la masome mabedi ka botona mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Legato la ntlha la go tlatsa letangwana le simolotse ka Phukwi ngwaga wa 2020, ka Phatwe 2020 metsi a ne a oketsega go nna selekanyo sa dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano, le masome a mane (dimithara di le masome mane go feta bo kwa tlase jwa letamo, le le leng dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano go feta seelo sa lewatle). Legato la bobedi la go tlatsa le feditswe ka Phukwi a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2021, metsi a tlhaatlogetse kwa dimithareng di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a supa le botlhano. Legato laboraro le feditswe ka Phatwe a le lesome lebobedi ngwaga wa 2022 mo seelong sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro. Legato la bone le feditswe ka Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa 2023 ka seelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro masome a mabedi le botlhano. Legato la botlhano ebile e le lone la bofelo le feditswe ka Phalane ngwaga wa 2024, ka seelo sa bofelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a mane. Pitsa e, e tlhomilwe semmuso ka Lwetse a robabongwe ngwaga wa 2025. Ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2022, letamo le ne la ntsha motlakase wa di megawattsa di le makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le botlhano e le lantlha. Lefetlha motlakase la bobedi la di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le botlhano le butswe semmuso ka Phatwe 2022. Metshine ya boraro le bone ya dimegawatts di le makgolo mane di tlhomilwe semmuso ka Phatwe 2024. Go bulwa ga letamo ga semmuso e ne e le ka Lwetse a robabbongwe ngwaga wa 2025. == Tse di diragetseng pele == Leina le noka ya Blue Nile e le tsayang mo Ethiopia ("Abay") le tswa mo lefokong la Geéz le le rayang bogolo go supa gore ke noka ya dinoka. Lefoko Abay le santse le leteng mo dipuong tsa Ethiopia tse ditona go supa sepe kgotsa ope o o supiwang a le kwa godimo. Lefelo le le tlhopetsweng letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance le tlhophilwe ke Unted States Bureau of Reclamation ka nako ya tshekatsheko ya Blue Nile, e e dirilweng ka dingwaga tsa 1956 le 1964 ka nako ya bogosi jwa ga Haile Selassie. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya thankgolo ya 1974, tlhaselo ya Ethiopia ya lefatshe la Somalia ka 1977 go tsena 1978, le ntwa ya selegae ya Ethiopia ya dingwaga tse di lesome le botlhano, porojeke e ne ya seka ya tswelela go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa 2000. puso ya Ethiopia e ne ya tlhatlhoba lefelo ka Phalane 2009 le Phatwe 2010. Ka Ngwanatsele 2010, go ne ga isiwa moalo wa letamo. Ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa 2011, letsatsi morago ga porojeke e sena go bolelwa phatlalatsa, konteraka ya dibilone di le nne le borobabobedi e ne ya neelwa kompone ya Italy ya Salini Impregilo go sena ba ba phadisanelang konteraka e, moalo wa ntlha wa matlapa o ne wa alwa ka Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2011 ke tonakgolo Meles Zenawi. Motshine o o thubang majwe o ne wa agiwa, ga mmogo le sefofane se sepotlana go fefosa motsamao. Tsholofelo e ne e le gore difetlha motlakase tsa ntlha tse pedi di tlaa bereka morago ga dikgwedi di le masome mane le bone tsa kago, kgotsa ngwaga wa 2015 o simologa. Lefatshe la Egepeto, le le dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano kwa tlase ga lefelo leo, le kgatlhanong le letamo le, ka le dumela le tlaa fokotsa seelo sa metsi a Nile a a dirisiwang ke lefatshe la Egepeto. Zenawi o ne a bolela, a ikaegile ka patlisiso e e sa fiwang leina, gore letamo ga le kake la fokotsa metsi a a yang kwa tlase, mme le tlaa laola metsi a a dirisediwang go nosetsa. Ka Motsheganong 2011, go ne ga itsisiwe fa lefatshe la Ethiopia le tlaa tlhakanela moalo wa letamo le la Egepeto gore ditlamorago di sekasekiwe. Letamo le pele le ne le bidiwa Project X. Morago ga konteraka ya lone e sena go itsisiwe, le ne la bidiwa letamo la Millenium. Ka Moranang a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2011, khansele ya matona e ne ya le fetola leina go nna letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance. Lefatshe la Ethiopia le na le kgonagalo ya motlakase wa metsi wa 45 GW. Letamo le, le duelelwa ke puso le madi a a abilweng ke makgotla a aikemetseng. Go ne go solofetswe gore le tlaa fela ka Phukwi 2017. Ditlamorago tse di ka diragalang ke tsone motswedi wa dikgogakgogano tsa mafatshe a a mo kgaolong. Lefatshe la Egepeto le ikaegile ka noka ya Nile go bona 90% wa metsi a lone. Puso ya Egepeto e ne ya gwetlha gore lefatshe la Ethiopia le emise kago mo letamong e le maemo a a tlhokegang pele ga gpo buisanwa le ne gape la kopa kemo nokeng ya mafatshe a mangwe aa mo kgaolong, baeteledipele bangwe ba sepolotiki ba tlhatlhantse ka ditsela tsa go kganela porojeke e. Lefatshe la Egepeto le ne la tswa ka leano la nyatsa kemo nokeng ya letamo mo kgaolong ga mmogo le lefatshe la China, Italy le mafatshe a mangwe a a emeng porojeke e nokeng. Le fa go ntse jalo, dipuso tsa mafatshe a mangwe kwa lenaneeng la kgampu la Nile di ne tsa supa kemo nokeng ya letamo le. Maatshe a, a akaretsa la Sudan, le e leng lone fela le lengwe le le kwa tlase ga Blue Nile, le ntswa maemo a Sudan ka letamo le a ne a farologana ka nako. Ka ngwaga wa 2014, lefatshe la Sudan le ne la supa la Egepeto ka monwana go bo le tlhotlheletsa seemo. Lefatshe la Ethiopia le ganetsa gore letamo le tlaa nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo go eleleng ga metsi kwa tlase, le bolela fa letamo le tlaa oketsa go elela ga metsi go ya Egepeto ka go fokotsa go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi mo lekadibeng la Nasser. Lefatshe la Ethiopia la re la Egepepeto le nna dingalo fela; ka Phalane 2019, lefatshe la Egepeto le ne la re dipuisano le mafatshe a Sudan le Ethiopia ka kago ya letamo la dibilone di le nne la motlakase wa metsi le Ethiopia e le agang mo nokeng ya Nile di eme go sena tharabololo. Go simolola ka Ngwanatsele 2019, mokwaledi mogolo wa tsa madi wa U.S Steven T. Mnuchin o simolotse go dra dipuisano le mafatshe ka boraro. == Ditshenyegelo le dituelo == Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance (GERD) go akanyeditswe fa le tlaa lopa madi a di dolara a ka nna dibilone di le tlhano, a lekana le 7% wa dipoelo tsa 2016 tsa lefatshe la Ethiopia. Tlhaelo ya madi a a emang nokeng diporojeke mo nokeng ya Blue Nile go tswa kwa mafatsheng kgotla makgotla a mafatshefatshe go supilwe fa e le letsholo la Egepeto go laola go neelana metsi a Nile. Lefatshe la ethiopia le ne la patelesega go ntsha madi a GERD ka go kopa madi kwa makgotleng a a farologaneng ka go rekisa dikamano le go gwetlha babereki go ntsha bontlha bongwe jwa dituelo tsa bone. Madi a a ntshiwang a ntshediwa mo maranyaneng a semmuso a a tlhomamisitsweng ke ofisi ya ga tonakgolo wa Ethiopia. Bilone e le nngwe ya madi otlhe ya metshine le didirisiwa tsa motlakase a ntshitswe ke Exim Bank of China. == Leano la kago == Leano la kago le fetogile gantsi ka dingwaga tsa 2011 go tsena 2019. Se se ne sa ama dielo tsa motlakase le go baya. Pele, ka ngwaga wa 2011, motshine wa motlakase wa metsi o ne o tshwanetse go amogela difetlha motlakase di le lesome le botlhano, nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e fetlha motlakase wa di megawattsa di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano, se se dira gore seelo sotlhe e nne dikete di le tlhano, makgolo mabedi, le masome a matlhano, ka tsholofelo ya motlakase wa di Gigawatts di le dikete di le lesome le botlhano, lekgolo, le masome mabedi le borobabbobedi ka ngwaga. Seelo sa motlakase o o tla a fetlhiwang se ne sa okediwa morago go nna dikete di le thataro ka metshine e le lesome le borataro, mongwe le mongwe o fetlha di megawatts di le dikete di le lesome le borataro, lekgolo, masome a matlhano le boraro. Motlakase o o tla a ntshiwang go ne go solofelwa fa e tlaa nna di Gigawatts di le lesome le borataro, lekgolo le masome a matlhano le boraro ka ngwaga. Seo se ne sa fitlhelelwa ka go oketsa metshine e le lesome le bone ya e le lesome leborataro go stwa kwa di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo, masoe a supa le botlhano go nna di le makgolo a mane go sa fetolwe seelo. Go ya ka tona wa Ethiopia ka Phalane a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2019, seelo sa go fetlha motlakase sa GERD gompieno ke dikete di le tlhano, lekgolo le masome a matlhano, ka metshine e le lesome le boraro e le kwelo tlase go tswa mo go e le lesome le borataro. Ga se dipalo tsa motlakase fela tse di fetogileng mo nakong, dipalo tsa go baya le tsone di fetogile. Ka ngwaga wa 2011, letamo le ne le tshwanetse go nna boleele jwa dimithara di le lekgolo masome mane le botlhano ka seelo sa di mithara di le didkadike di le lesome le motso. Letangwana le ne le tshwanetse go nna le seelo sa dikhilomithara di le masome a marataro leborataro le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a marataro le masome a robabobedi fa le tletse. Letangwana le le bapileng le letamo le legolo le ne le tshwanetse go nna boleele jwa dimkithara di le masome mane lebotlhano ka dimithara go ya kwa godimo, boleele jwa dimithara di le dikete nne le makgolo a robabobedi le seelo sa dimithara di le didikadike di le lesome le botlhano. Ka ngwaga wa 2013, lekgotla la baitseanape ba ba ikemetseng (IPoE) le ne la tlhatlhoba letamo le dipalo tsa lone tsa setegeniki. Ka nako eo, dipalo tsa letangwana di ne di fetogile. Dipalo tsa letangwana fa le tletse di ne tsa ya kwa dikhilomithareng di le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bone, e le koketsego ya dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le bone. == Metswedi == qgobm2yngps765hj4qpmhqbjx8cd5b9 50778 50758 2026-06-16T08:16:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 50778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance''' (GERD kgotsa TalHiGe<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-57750225 "Hidha Haaromsaa Guddicha Itoophiyaa 'Adwaa Lammaffaa' lammiilee Itoophiyaa tokkoomse"]. ''BBC News Afaan Oromoo'' (in Oromo). Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref>), le pele le neng le itsege ka leina la letamo la Millennium dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa letamo la Hidase ke letamo le le agilweng ka majwe kwa nokeng ya Blue Nile kwa Ethiopia. Letamo le le kwa kgaolong ya Metekel ya Benishangul-Gumuz, gaufi le molelwane wa Sudan.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120322030951/http://www.inewsone.com/2011/04/17/ethiopias-biggest-dam-to-help-neighbours-solve-power-problem/43904 "Ethiopia's biggest dam to help neighbours solve power problem".] News One. 17 April 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2026</ref><ref>Roussi, Antoaneta (10 October 2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02987-6 "Nations Clash over Giant Nile Dam]". ''Nature''. '''574''' (7777): 159–60. doi:[https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02987-6 10.1038/d41586-019-02987-6]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595068/ 31595068]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f62f4c97b9e64c6377bc3ceb8c5b2c86b2bbfec 203929162.]</ref> Le agilwe ka dingwaga tsa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) go tsena ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), tirisokgolo ya lone ke go fetlha motlakase go thusa ka tlhaelo ya motlakase ya kwa Ethiopia le go rekisetsa mafatshe a a mabapi motlakase. Ka seelo sa 5.15 gigawatts, letamo le ke lone pitsa ya motlakase e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo Aforika<ref>[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/07/04/the-bitter-dispute-over-africas-largest-dam "The bitter dispute over Africa's largest dam".] ''The Economist''.</ref>, e le la masome mabedi ka botona mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Legato la ntlha la go tlatsa letangwana le simolotse ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020) metsi a ne a oketsega go nna selekanyo sa dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano, le masome a mane (dimithara di le masome mane go feta bo kwa tlase jwa letamo, le le leng dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano go feta seelo sa lewatle). Legato la bobedi la go tlatsa le feditswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), metsi a tlhaatlogetse kwa dimithareng di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a supa le botlhano. Legato laboraro le feditswe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a le lesome lebobedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) mo seelong sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro. Legato la bone le feditswe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023) ka seelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro masome a mabedi le botlhano. Legato la botlhano ebile e le lone la bofelo le feditswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), ka seelo sa bofelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a mane. Pitsa e, e tlhomilwe semmuso ka kgwedi ya Lwetse a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano ( 2025). Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), letamo le ne la ntsha motlakase wa di megawattsa di le makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le botlhano e le lantlha. Lefetlha motlakase la bobedi la di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le botlhano le butswe semmuso ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022). Metshine ya boraro le bone ya dimegawatts di le makgolo mane di tlhomilwe semmuso ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024). Go bulwa ga letamo ga semmuso e ne e le ka kgwedi ya Lwetse a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano( 2025). == Tse di diragetseng pele == Leina le noka ya Blue Nile e le tsayang mo Ethiopia ("Abay") le tswa mo lefokong la Geéz le le rayang bogolo go supa gore ke noka ya dinoka. Lefoko Abay le santse le leteng mo dipuong tsa Ethiopia tse ditona go supa sepe kgotsa ope o o supiwang a le kwa godimo. Lefelo le le tlhopetsweng letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance le tlhophilwe ke Unted States Bureau of Reclamation ka nako ya tshekatsheko ya Blue Nile, e e dirilweng ka dingwaga tsa 1956 le 1964 ka nako ya bogosi jwa ga Haile Selassie. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya thankgolo ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone ( 1974), tlhaselo ya Ethiopia ya lefatshe la Somalia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa( 1977) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978), le ntwa ya selegae ya Ethiopia ya dingwaga tse di lesome le botlhano, porojeke e ne ya seka ya tswelela go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa tse dikete tse pedi ( 2000). puso ya Ethiopia e ne ya tlhatlhoba lefelo ka Phalane 2009 le kgwedi ya Phatwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010). Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa dikete tse le lesome (2010), go ne ga isiwa moalo wa letamo. Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011), letsatsi morago ga porojeke e sena go bolelwa phatlalatsa, konteraka ya dibilone di le nne le borobabobedi e ne ya neelwa kompone ya Italy ya Salini Impregilo go sena ba ba phadisanelang konteraka e, moalo wa ntlha wa matlapa o ne wa alwa ka kgwedi ya Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) ke Tautona Meles Zenawi. Motshine o o thubang majwe o ne wa agiwa, ga mmogo le sefofane se sepotlana go fefosa motsamao. Tsholofelo e ne e le gore difetlha motlakase tsa ntlha tse pedi di tlaa bereka morago ga dikgwedi di le masome mane le bone tsa kago, kgotsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) o simologa. Lefatshe la Egepeto, le le dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano kwa tlase ga lefelo leo, le kgatlhanong le letamo le, ka le dumela le tlaa fokotsa seelo sa metsi a Nile a a dirisiwang ke lefatshe la Egepeto. Zenawi o ne a bolela, a ikaegile ka patlisiso e e sa fiwang leina, gore letamo ga le kake la fokotsa metsi a a yang kwa tlase, mme le tlaa laola metsi a a dirisediwang go nosetsa. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011), go ne ga itsisiwe fa lefatshe la Ethiopia le tlaa tlhakanela moalo wa letamo le la Egepeto gore ditlamorago di sekasekiwe. Letamo le pele le ne le bidiwa Project X. Morago ga konteraka ya lone e sena go itsisiwe, le ne la bidiwa letamo la Millenium. Ka Moranang a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2011, khansele ya matona e ne ya le fetola leina go nna letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance. Lefatshe la Ethiopia le na le kgonagalo ya motlakase wa metsi wa 45 GW. Letamo le, le duelelwa ke puso le madi a a abilweng ke makgotla a aikemetseng. Go ne go solofetswe gore le tlaa fela ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017). Ditlamorago tse di ka diragalang ke tsone motswedi wa dikgogakgogano tsa mafatshe a a mo kgaolong. Lefatshe la Egepeto le ikaegile ka noka ya Nile go bona 90% wa metsi a lone. Puso ya Egepeto e ne ya gwetlha gore lefatshe la Ethiopia le emise kago mo letamong e le maemo a a tlhokegang pele ga gpo buisanwa le ne gape la kopa kemo nokeng ya mafatshe a mangwe aa mo kgaolong, baeteledipele bangwe ba sepolotiki ba tlhatlhantse ka ditsela tsa go kganela porojeke e. Lefatshe la Egepeto le ne la tswa ka leano la nyatsa kemo nokeng ya letamo mo kgaolong ga mmogo le lefatshe la China, Italy le mafatshe a mangwe a a emeng porojeke e nokeng. Le fa go ntse jalo, dipuso tsa mafatshe a mangwe kwa lenaneeng la kgampu la Nile di ne tsa supa kemo nokeng ya letamo le. Maatshe a, a akaretsa la Sudan, le e leng lone fela le lengwe le le kwa tlase ga Blue Nile, le ntswa maemo a Sudan ka letamo le a ne a farologana ka nako. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone ( 2014), lefatshe la Sudan le ne la supa la Egepeto ka monwana go bo le tlhotlheletsa seemo. Lefatshe la Ethiopia le ganetsa gore letamo le tlaa nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo go eleleng ga metsi kwa tlase, le bolela fa letamo le tlaa oketsa go elela ga metsi go ya Egepeto ka go fokotsa go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi mo lekadibeng la Nasser. Lefatshe la Ethiopia la re la Egepepeto le nna dingalo fela; ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), lefatshe la Egepeto le ne la re dipuisano le mafatshe a Sudan le Ethiopia ka kago ya letamo la dibilone di le nne la motlakase wa metsi le Ethiopia e le agang mo nokeng ya Nile di eme go sena tharabololo. Go simolola ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), mokwaledi mogolo wa tsa madi wa U.S Steven T. Mnuchin o simolotse go dra dipuisano le mafatshe ka boraro. == Ditshenyegelo le dituelo == Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance (GERD) go akanyeditswe fa le tlaa lopa madi a di dolara a ka nna dibilone di le tlhano, a lekana le 7% wa dipoelo tsa 2016 tsa lefatshe la Ethiopia. Tlhaelo ya madi a a emang nokeng diporojeke mo nokeng ya Blue Nile go tswa kwa mafatsheng kgotla makgotla a mafatshefatshe go supilwe fa e le letsholo la Egepeto go laola go neelana metsi a Nile. Lefatshe la ethiopia le ne la patelesega go ntsha madi a GERD ka go kopa madi kwa makgotleng a a farologaneng ka go rekisa dikamano le go gwetlha babereki go ntsha bontlha bongwe jwa dituelo tsa bone. Madi a a ntshiwang a ntshediwa mo maranyaneng a semmuso a a tlhomamisitsweng ke ofisi ya ga tonakgolo wa Ethiopia. Bilone e le nngwe ya madi otlhe ya metshine le didirisiwa tsa motlakase a ntshitswe ke Exim Bank of China. == Leano la kago == Leano la kago le fetogile gantsi ka dingwaga tsa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) go tsena ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabaongwe (2019). Se se ne sa ama dielo tsa motlakase le go baya. Pele, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011), motshine wa motlakase wa metsi o ne o tshwanetse go amogela difetlha motlakase di le lesome le botlhano, nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e fetlha motlakase wa di megawattsa di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano, se se dira gore seelo sotlhe e nne dikete di le tlhano, makgolo mabedi, le masome a matlhano, ka tsholofelo ya motlakase wa di Gigawatts di le dikete di le lesome le botlhano, lekgolo, le masome mabedi le borobabbobedi ka ngwaga. Seelo sa motlakase o o tla a fetlhiwang se ne sa okediwa morago go nna dikete di le thataro ka metshine e le lesome le borataro, mongwe le mongwe o fetlha di megawatts di le dikete di le lesome le borataro, lekgolo, masome a matlhano le boraro. Motlakase o o tla a ntshiwang go ne go solofelwa fa e tlaa nna di Gigawatts di le lesome le borataro, lekgolo le masome a matlhano le boraro ka ngwaga. Seo se ne sa fitlhelelwa ka go oketsa metshine e le lesome le bone ya e le lesome leborataro go stwa kwa di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo, masoe a supa le botlhano go nna di le makgolo a mane go sa fetolwe seelo. Go ya ka tona wa Ethiopia ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), seelo sa go fetlha motlakase sa GERD gompieno ke dikete di le tlhano, lekgolo le masome a matlhano, ka metshine e le lesome le boraro e le kwelo tlase go tswa mo go e le lesome le borataro. Ga se dipalo tsa motlakase fela tse di fetogileng mo nakong, dipalo tsa go baya le tsone di fetogile. Ka ngwaga wa 2011, letamo le ne le tshwanetse go nna boleele jwa dimithara di le lekgolo masome mane le botlhano ka seelo sa di mithara di le didkadike di le lesome le motso. Letangwana le ne le tshwanetse go nna le seelo sa dikhilomithara di le masome a marataro leborataro le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a marataro le masome a robabobedi fa le tletse. Letangwana le le bapileng le letamo le legolo le ne le tshwanetse go nna boleele jwa dimkithara di le masome mane lebotlhano ka dimithara go ya kwa godimo, boleele jwa dimithara di le dikete nne le makgolo a robabobedi le seelo sa dimithara di le didikadike di le lesome le botlhano. Ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa a 2013, lekgotla la baitseanape ba ba ikemetseng (IPoE) le ne la tlhatlhoba letamo le dipalo tsa lone tsa setegeniki. Ka nako eo, dipalo tsa letangwana di ne di fetogile. Dipalo tsa letangwana fa le tletse di ne tsa ya kwa dikhilomithareng di le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bone, e le koketsego ya dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le bone. == Metswedi == q6ax8thlmbs6269qo38m9gjzf90tw0q 0 13650 50743 2026-06-15T14:13:24Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350273696|Yvonne Vera]]" 50743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvonne Vera''' (Lwetse a le lesome le boferabongwe ka 1964 – Moranang a supa ka 2005) e ne e le mokwadi go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Habila |first=Helon |date=27 April 2005 |title=Yvonne Vera {{!}} Books {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> Buka ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng e ne e le kokoanyo ya dikgankhutshwe, ''Why Don't You Carve Other Animals'' (1992), e e neng ya latelwa ke dipadi di le tlhano: ''Nehanda'' (1993), ''Without a Name''(1994), ''Under the Tongue''(1996), ''Butterfly Burning'' (1998), le ''The Stone Virgins'' (2002). Go ya ka Setheo sa Dithuto tsa Aforika kwa Yunibesithing ya Leiden, "dibuka tsa gagwe di itsege ka morero wa tsone wa poko, kgang e e thata, le badiragatsi ba tsone ba ba nonofileng ba basadi, mme di tseneletse thata mo nakong e e fetileng e e thata ya Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yvonne Vera {{!}} African Studies Centre Leiden |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/library-weekly/yvonne-vera |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=www.ascleiden.nl}}</ref>" Ka ntlha ya mabaka ano, o ithutilwe thata le go anaanelwa ke ba ba ithutang [[dikwalo tsa Aforika]] tsa morago ga bokolone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African literature - The influence of oral traditions on modern writers {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-literature/The-influence-of-oral-traditions-on-modern-writers |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Botshelo == == Dietsele == == Ditiro == == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] tew8maz4x8p8xw523b26c276fqcei4y 50745 50743 2026-06-15T14:25:11Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350273696|Yvonne Vera]]" 50745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvonne Vera''' (Lwetse a le lesome le boferabongwe ka 1964 – Moranang a supa ka 2005) e ne e le mokwadi go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Habila |first=Helon |date=27 April 2005 |title=Yvonne Vera {{!}} Books {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> Buka ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng e ne e le kokoanyo ya dikgankhutshwe, ''Why Don't You Carve Other Animals'' (1992), e e neng ya latelwa ke dipadi di le tlhano: ''Nehanda'' (1993), ''Without a Name''(1994), ''Under the Tongue''(1996), ''Butterfly Burning'' (1998), le ''The Stone Virgins'' (2002). Go ya ka Setheo sa Dithuto tsa Aforika kwa Yunibesithing ya Leiden, "dibuka tsa gagwe di itsege ka morero wa tsone wa poko, kgang e e thata, le badiragatsi ba tsone ba ba nonofileng ba basadi, mme di tseneletse thata mo nakong e e fetileng e e thata ya Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yvonne Vera {{!}} African Studies Centre Leiden |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/library-weekly/yvonne-vera |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=www.ascleiden.nl}}</ref>" Ka ntlha ya mabaka ano, o ithutilwe thata le go anaanelwa ke ba ba ithutang [[dikwalo tsa Aforika]] tsa morago ga bokolone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African literature - The influence of oral traditions on modern writers {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-literature/The-influence-of-oral-traditions-on-modern-writers |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Botshelo == Vera o tsholetswe kwa [[Bulawayo]], kwa lefelong le ka nako eo le neng le bidiwa [[Rhodesia Borwa]], e le ngwana wa ga Jerry Vera le Ericah Gwetai. Fa a le dingwaga di robabobedi, o ne a dira tiro ya go kgetla [[letseta]] gaufi le [[Hartley]].<ref name="Tongue"> {{Cite book |last=Vera |first=Yvonne |year=1996 |title=Under the Tongue |url=https://archive.org/details/undertongue00vera |publisher=Baobab Books |isbn=0-908311-93-1 |location=Harare |page=biographical notes |url-access=registration}} </ref> O tsene [[Sekolo se Segolo sa Mzilikazi]] mme morago ga moo a ruta dikwalo tsa Seesemane kwa [[Sekolong se Segolo sa Njube]], tse ka bobedi di leng kwa Bulawayo. Ka 1987, o ne a fudugela kwa Canada mme a nyala John Jose, morutabana wa Mo-Canada yo a neng a kopane le ene fa a ne a ruta kwa Njube. Ka nako nngwe kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, Vera o ne a lemogiwa gore o na le mogare wa [[HIV]], mme ga a ise a ke a abelane ka tshedimosetso eno mo botshelong jwa gagwe.<ref name="atom.library.yorku.ca">{{Cite web |title=Vera, Yvonne - York University Libraries' Clara Thomas Archives & Special Collections |url=https://atom.library.yorku.ca/index.php/vera-yvonne-2 |access-date=8 March 2019 |website=atom.library.yorku.ca}}</ref> Kwa [[Yunibesithing ya York]], kwa [[Toronto]], o ne a wetsa dikirii ya pele ga kalogo, masters le PhD, mme o ne a ruta dibuka.<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|archiveurl=Helon Habila}}</ref> Ka 1995, Vera o ne a kgaogana le monna wa gagwe mme a boela kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ka 1997 o ne a nna mokaedi wa [[National Gallery of Zimbabwe]] kwa [[Bulawayo]], e leng lefelo le le bontshang ditalente tsa lefelo leo go simolola ka tsa bataki ba seporofešenale go fitlha ka tsa bana ba sekolo. O ne a rola tiro ka Motsheganong 2003 ka ntlha ya go gogwa ga matlole a puso, go fuduga ga bataki ba selegae le go wela tlase ga baeng. Ka 2004, Vera o ne a boela kwa Canada<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|archiveurl=Helon Habila}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHabila2005">[[Helon Habila|Habila, Helon]] (27 April 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books "Obituary: Yvonne Vera"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> le Jose go ya go batla kalafi. O tlhokafetse ka Moranang a supa ka ngwaga wa 2005 ka ntlha ya [[meningitis]] e e amanang le [[AIDS]].<ref name="JCL">{{Cite journal |last=Primorac |first=Ranka |year=2005 |title=Obituary: Yvonne Vera (1964-2005) |url=http://jcl.sagepub.com/cgi/content/citation/40/3/149 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |publisher=Sage Publications |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=149&ndash;152 |doi=10.1177/0021989405056981 |s2cid=163286622 |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 December 2007}} Subscription required.</ref> == Dietsele == * 1994: [[Seetsele sa Bakwadi ba Mafatshe a Selekane]] (Aforika) le Seetsele sa Dikwalo tsa Bagatisi ba Zimbabwe, sa ''Without a Name .''  * 2002: Seetsele sa Bakwadi sa Macmillan wa Aforika sa ''The Stone Virgins''<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|first1=Helon|last1=Habila|archiveurl=Helon Habila|title=Obituary: Yvonne Vera|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books|date=27 April 2005|access-date=8 October 2007}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHabila2005">[[Helon Habila|Habila, Helon]] (27 April 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books "Obituary: Yvonne Vera"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> * 2003: [[Dietsele tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Bodiragatsi]] tsa Tiro e e Kwadilweng e e Gaisang.<ref name="pindula_2003">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=NAMA Awards 2003 |url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/NAMA_Awards_2003 |access-date=30 August 2020 |website=Pindula |language=en}}</ref> == Ditiro == Fa Vera a ne a le kwa yunibesithing, o ne a romela kgang nngwe kwa lokwalong lengwe la Toronto: mogatisi o ne a kopa tse dingwe, ka jalo o ne a nna fa fatshe go di kwala.<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|first=Helon|last=Habila|author-link=Helon Habila|title=Obituary: Yvonne Vera|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 April 2005|access-date=8 October 2007}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHabila2005">[[Helon Habila|Habila, Helon]] (27 April 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books "Obituary: Yvonne Vera"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> Kokoanyo ya gagwe ya dikgankhutshwe,''Why Don't You Carve Other Animals'', e ne ya gatisiwa ka 1992. E ne ya latelwa ke dipadi tse tlhano tse di weditsweng: == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] dddlakuciib3uiky446plp2lxl9yoqf 50746 50745 2026-06-15T14:32:42Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350273696|Yvonne Vera]]" 50746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvonne Vera''' (Lwetse a le lesome le boferabongwe ka 1964 – Moranang a supa ka 2005) e ne e le mokwadi go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Habila |first=Helon |date=27 April 2005 |title=Yvonne Vera {{!}} Books {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> Buka ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng e ne e le kokoanyo ya dikgankhutshwe, ''Why Don't You Carve Other Animals'' (1992), e e neng ya latelwa ke dipadi di le tlhano: ''Nehanda'' (1993), ''Without a Name''(1994), ''Under the Tongue''(1996), ''Butterfly Burning'' (1998), le ''The Stone Virgins'' (2002). Go ya ka Setheo sa Dithuto tsa Aforika kwa Yunibesithing ya Leiden, "dibuka tsa gagwe di itsege ka morero wa tsone wa poko, kgang e e thata, le badiragatsi ba tsone ba ba nonofileng ba basadi, mme di tseneletse thata mo nakong e e fetileng e e thata ya Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yvonne Vera {{!}} African Studies Centre Leiden |url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/library-weekly/yvonne-vera |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=www.ascleiden.nl}}</ref>" Ka ntlha ya mabaka ano, o ithutilwe thata le go anaanelwa ke ba ba ithutang [[dikwalo tsa Aforika]] tsa morago ga bokolone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African literature - The influence of oral traditions on modern writers {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-literature/The-influence-of-oral-traditions-on-modern-writers |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Botshelo == Vera o tsholetswe kwa [[Bulawayo]], kwa lefelong le ka nako eo le neng le bidiwa [[Rhodesia Borwa]], e le ngwana wa ga Jerry Vera le Ericah Gwetai. Fa a le dingwaga di robabobedi, o ne a dira tiro ya go kgetla [[letseta]] gaufi le [[Hartley]].<ref name="Tongue"> {{Cite book |last=Vera |first=Yvonne |year=1996 |title=Under the Tongue |url=https://archive.org/details/undertongue00vera |publisher=Baobab Books |isbn=0-908311-93-1 |location=Harare |page=biographical notes |url-access=registration}} </ref> O tsene [[Sekolo se Segolo sa Mzilikazi]] mme morago ga moo a ruta dikwalo tsa Seesemane kwa [[Sekolong se Segolo sa Njube]], tse ka bobedi di leng kwa Bulawayo. Ka 1987, o ne a fudugela kwa Canada mme a nyala John Jose, morutabana wa Mo-Canada yo a neng a kopane le ene fa a ne a ruta kwa Njube. Ka nako nngwe kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, Vera o ne a lemogiwa gore o na le mogare wa [[HIV]], mme ga a ise a ke a abelane ka tshedimosetso eno mo botshelong jwa gagwe.<ref name="atom.library.yorku.ca">{{Cite web |title=Vera, Yvonne - York University Libraries' Clara Thomas Archives & Special Collections |url=https://atom.library.yorku.ca/index.php/vera-yvonne-2 |access-date=8 March 2019 |website=atom.library.yorku.ca}}</ref> Kwa [[Yunibesithing ya York]], kwa [[Toronto]], o ne a wetsa dikirii ya pele ga kalogo, masters le PhD, mme o ne a ruta dibuka.<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|archiveurl=Helon Habila}}</ref> Ka 1995, Vera o ne a kgaogana le monna wa gagwe mme a boela kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ka 1997 o ne a nna mokaedi wa [[National Gallery of Zimbabwe]] kwa [[Bulawayo]], e leng lefelo le le bontshang ditalente tsa lefelo leo go simolola ka tsa bataki ba seporofešenale go fitlha ka tsa bana ba sekolo. O ne a rola tiro ka Motsheganong 2003 ka ntlha ya go gogwa ga matlole a puso, go fuduga ga bataki ba selegae le go wela tlase ga baeng. Ka 2004, Vera o ne a boela kwa Canada<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|archiveurl=Helon Habila}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHabila2005">[[Helon Habila|Habila, Helon]] (27 April 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books "Obituary: Yvonne Vera"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> le Jose go ya go batla kalafi. O tlhokafetse ka Moranang a supa ka ngwaga wa 2005 ka ntlha ya [[meningitis]] e e amanang le [[AIDS]].<ref name="JCL">{{Cite journal |last=Primorac |first=Ranka |year=2005 |title=Obituary: Yvonne Vera (1964-2005) |url=http://jcl.sagepub.com/cgi/content/citation/40/3/149 |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth Literature |publisher=Sage Publications |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=149&ndash;152 |doi=10.1177/0021989405056981 |s2cid=163286622 |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 December 2007}} Subscription required.</ref> == Dietsele == * 1994: [[Seetsele sa Bakwadi ba Mafatshe a Selekane]] (Aforika) le Seetsele sa Dikwalo tsa Bagatisi ba Zimbabwe, sa ''Without a Name .''  * 2002: Seetsele sa Bakwadi sa Macmillan wa Aforika sa ''The Stone Virgins''<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|first1=Helon|last1=Habila|archiveurl=Helon Habila|title=Obituary: Yvonne Vera|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books|date=27 April 2005|access-date=8 October 2007}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHabila2005">[[Helon Habila|Habila, Helon]] (27 April 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books "Obituary: Yvonne Vera"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> * 2003: [[Dietsele tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Bodiragatsi]] tsa Tiro e e Kwadilweng e e Gaisang.<ref name="pindula_2003">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2018 |title=NAMA Awards 2003 |url=https://www.pindula.co.zw/NAMA_Awards_2003 |access-date=30 August 2020 |website=Pindula |language=en}}</ref> == Ditiro == Fa Vera a ne a le kwa yunibesithing, o ne a romela kgang nngwe kwa lokwalong lengwe la Toronto: mogatisi o ne a kopa tse dingwe, ka jalo o ne a nna fa fatshe go di kwala.<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|first=Helon|last=Habila|author-link=Helon Habila|title=Obituary: Yvonne Vera|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 April 2005|access-date=8 October 2007}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHabila2005">[[Helon Habila|Habila, Helon]] (27 April 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books "Obituary: Yvonne Vera"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> Kokoanyo ya gagwe ya dikgankhutshwe,''Why Don't You Carve Other Animals'', e ne ya gatisiwa ka 1992. E ne ya latelwa ke dipadi tse tlhano tse di weditsweng: * ''Nehanda'' (Baobab Books, 1993), o ne a tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Bakwadi ba Mafatshe a Selekane]] <ref name="Tongue"> {{Cite book |last=Vera |first=Yvonne |year=1996 |title=Under the Tongue |url=https://archive.org/details/undertongue00vera |publisher=Baobab Books |isbn=0-908311-93-1 |location=Harare |page=biographical notes |url-access=registration}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVera1996">Vera, Yvonne (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:undertongue00vera|''Under the Tongue'']]</span>. Harare: Baobab Books. biographical notes. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-908311-93-1|<bdi>0-908311-93-1</bdi>]].</cite> </ref> * ''Without a Name'' (Baobab Books, 1994), e ne ya abelwa [[Seetsele sa Bakwadi ba Mafatshe a Selekane]] (Aforika) <ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|first=Helon|last=Habila|archiveurl=Helon Habila|title=Obituary: Yvonne Vera|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHabila2005">[[Helon Habila|Habila, Helon]] (27 April 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books "Obituary: Yvonne Vera"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> le Seetsele sa Dikwalo tsa Bagatisi ba Zimbabwe<ref name="Tongue" /> * ''Under the Tongue'' (Baobab Books, 1996) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Vera |first=Yvonne |date=1996 |title=Under the Tongue |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzZLjctxb0YC |publisher=Baobab Books |isbn=978-0-908311-93-4 |language=en}}</ref> * ''[[Butterfly Burning]]'' (1998), e e neng ya newa sekgele sa dikwalo tsa Sejeremane, e leng [[LiBeraturpreis]], ka 2002 * ''The Stone Virgins'' (2002), e e neng ya abelwa [[Macmillan Writers' Prize for Africa|Seetsele sa Bakwadi sa Macmillan wa Aforika]]; e e tserweng mo go ''[[New Daughters of Africa]]'', e e rulagantsweng ke [[Margaret Busby]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magwood |first=Michele |date=5 July 2019 |title='New Daughters of Africa' is a powerful collection of writing by women from the continent |url=https://www.wantedonline.co.za/voices/2019-07-05-new-daughters-of-africa-is-a-powerful-collection-of-writing-by-women-from-the-continent/ |access-date=16 November 2021 |website=Wanted}}</ref> Ka nako ya loso lwa gagwe Vera o ne a berekela mo pading e ntšha, ''Obedience'', e e iseng e ko e gatisiwe.<ref name="atom.library.yorku.ca">{{Cite web |title=Vera, Yvonne - York University Libraries' Clara Thomas Archives & Special Collections |url=https://atom.library.yorku.ca/index.php/vera-yvonne-2 |access-date=8 March 2019 |website=atom.library.yorku.ca}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://atom.library.yorku.ca/index.php/vera-yvonne-2 "Vera, Yvonne - York University Libraries' Clara Thomas Archives & Special Collections"]. ''atom.library.yorku.ca''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Dibuka tsa gagwe tse dingwe di gatisitswe kwa Zimbabwe, Canada le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe a le mmalwa, go akaretsa le dithanolo tsa Spanish, Sentaiana le Swedish. Vera o ne a kwala ka tlhoafalo, gantsi dioura di le lesome ka letsatsi, mme a tlhalosa nako e a neng a sa kwale ka yone jaaka "nako ya go itima dijo".<ref name="Guardian"> {{Cite news|first=Helon|last=Habila|author-link=Helon Habila|title=Obituary: Yvonne Vera|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 April 2005|access-date=8 October 2007}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHabila2005">[[Helon Habila|Habila, Helon]] (27 April 2005). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/apr/27/guardianobituaries.books "Obituary: Yvonne Vera"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite></ref> Tiro ya gagwe e ne e le ya lorato le ya dipina. O ne a tsaya dithitokgang jaaka petelelo, tlhakanelodikobo le polao ya masea, le go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong kwa Zimbabwe pele le morago ga [[Ntwa ya batho basweu kwa Rhodesia|ntwa ya boipuso]] ya lefatshe ka bosisi le bopelokgale. O ne a re: "Ke ka rata go gakologelwa jaaka mokwadi yo o neng a sa tshabe mafoko le yo o neng a rata setšhaba sa gagwe thata."<ref name="Guardian" /> Ka 2004 o ne a newa [[Tucholsky Prize|Seetsele sa PEN Tucholsky]] sa Sweden "ka ntlha ya dibuka tse dintsintsi tse di buang ka ditlhogo tse di ileditsweng". Vera gape o rulagantse dibuka di le mmalwa tsa bakwadi ba basadi ba Aforika,<ref name="News24"> {{Cite news|title=Zim author Yvonne Vera dies|date=9 April 2005|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Zim-author-Yvonne-Vera-dies-20050409|access-date=27 October 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Zim-author-Yvonne-Vera-dies-20050409 "Zim author Yvonne Vera dies"]. News24.com. 9 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite> </ref> go akaretsa le ''Opening Spaces: an Anthology of Contemporary African Women's Writing'' ( [[Motseletsele wa Bakwadi ba Aforika]] wa Heinemann, 1999). == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 3epwjiv1a7hxztos7vp040gq0vfi5le 0 13651 50744 2026-06-15T14:15:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Fetzara 50744 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake of Fetzara.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Fetzara]] '''Letsha la Fetzara''' le kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa Algeria, dikilometara di le lesome le borobabobedi (11 mi) borwabotlhaba jwa toropo ya Annaba. E boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le bosupa (11 mi) go tswa botlhaba go ya bophirima le dikilometara di le lesome le boraro (8.1 mi) go tswa bokone go ya borwa, ka bogolo jwa diheketara di ka nna 18,600. E ne ya tlhalosiwa semmuso e le lefelo la "Ramsar", le le akaretsang go sireletsa lefelo leno. Go dirilwe dipatlisiso di le mmalwa ka metsi le mmu wa kgaolo ya Fetzara [1-7]. Dipatlisiso tseno di ne di diretswe go bona gore letswai le kae le go bona gore le tswa kae le gore ke eng se se dirang gore le nne teng. Maikaelelo a konokono a patlisiso eno e ne e le go sekaseka gore mmu wa Letsha la Fetzara o na le dinonofo dife tse di amegang ka ntlha ya go nna letswai le le ntsi le go ithuta ka go fetoga ga one fa go nna boteng. Go ne ga tsewa disampole mo dikarolong tsa ntlha tse pedi (0-20 cm le 20-40 cm) mo mafelong a le robedi go dikologa Letsha la Fetzara, mme ga tsewa disampole di le 16. Dipatlisiso di bontsha gore letswai le le mo mmung le kwa godimo thata kwa bokonebotlhaba (kwa kgaolong ya Wadi Zied) le kwa borwa jwa Lake (kwa kgaolong ya Cheurfa) mme go na le letswai la sodium chloride. == Lefelo == Lefelo le Letsha la Fetzara le leng mo go lone Letsha la Fetzara le dikilometara di le lesome le borobabobedi kwa borwabotlhaba jwa toropo ya Annaba kwa botlhaba jo bo kgakala jwa Algeria. <ref>[[:en:Lake_Fetzara#CITEREFIron_and_Steel_Institute1880|Iron and Steel Institute 1880,]] p. 252</ref>E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le lesome le bosupa go tswa botlhaba go ya bophirima le dikilometara di le lesome le boraro go tswa bokone go ya borwa ka bogolo jwa diheketara di ka nna 18,600. Kgaolo eno e na le tlelaemete ya Mediterranean e e nang le dipaka tse pedi tse di farologaneng: e nngwe e bongola mme e nngwe e omeletse. Metsi a letsha ke a nakwana go ikaegilwe ka maatla a dipula tsa setlha a a ikaegileng fela ka one, ka kakaretso ke lefelo la diheketara tse di fetang dikete di le lesome le boraro tsa lefatshe le le khurumeditsweng ke metsi ka mariga mme le bopa mafulo a magolo. Go na le mosele o mogolo o o kgabaganyang letsha go tswa kwa bophirima go ya kwa botlhaba o o ntshang metsi a a tswang mo letsheng, mme gone ga o a lekana go ntsha metsi a a mo letsheng mo marigeng. Moitseanape wa thutafatshe Henri Fournel o ne a ribolola madi a magnetite gaufi le boemakepe jwa Bône ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le boraro (1843).[ Meepo e dikilometara di ka nna masome a mabedi le bobedi go tswa kwa Bone mo mokgokoloseng wa Mokta go bapa le Letsha la Fetzara kwa tlase ga thaba e e tsamayang go tswa borwa go ya bokone, e bo e retologela kwa botlhaba jwa boemakepe jwa Bone. Leina la "Mokta-el-Hadid" (the iron pass) le supa gore lefelo la tshipi le ne le sa bolo go itsiwe, mme ga go na letshwao la gore le ne le berekwa pele ga maiteko a ntlha a sekale se sennye ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane ( 1840).[ 3] Ka nako eno, bogodimo jwa letsha bo ne bo ka fitlha go dimetara di le lesome le borataro (52 ft) ka nako ya mariga, ka bogolo jwa diheketara di le dikete tse lesome le bone. Letsha leno le ne le dikologilwe ke matlhaka le ditlhatshana tse dinonyane tse di fudugang di neng di tle di age dintlhaga mo go tsone, mme gape le ne le na le ditlhapi tse dintsi. 4] Letsha leno le ne le tsewa e le motswedi wa letshoroma, mme go ne ga akantshiwa gore go agiwe mosele wa dikilometara di le lesome le borataro o o tsenang mo Oued Meboudja, mme le fa Société Générale Algérienne (SGA) e ne e na le ditshwanelo tsa mabopo a a kwa bokone le botlhaba jwa letsha, ga e a ka ya dira sepe. Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa kompone ya meepo e ne ya jala ditlhare di le dintsi tsa eucalyptus go dikologa Letsha la Fetzara, mme tsotlhe di ne tsa bolawa ke metsi a letswai a a neng a elela go tswa mo letsheng.[5][a] Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bosupa (1877)komponi ya Mokta El Hadid e ne ya bona tetla ya go kgadisa letsha e le phapanyetsano ya go fetisa lefatshe le le neng le le mo letsheng. Mosele o o neng o tswa mo bogareng jwa letsha, o ne o kgabaganya karolo e e kafa bophirima e e boleele jwa dimetara di le masome a mabedi le bobedi mme o ne o isa kwa Meboudja. Bogodimo jwa letsha bo ne jwa wela kwa tlase go fitlha dimetara di le lesome le bobedi1 (39 ft) ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi, mme letsha le ne la sala le le letshitshana ka selemo. Morago ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le boraro (1903) komponi e ne ya neela ditshwanelo tsa yone mo Letsheng la Fetzara kwa koloning ya SGA, e e neng ya tsaya tiro eo mme ya e wetsa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le botlhano ( 1935).[ 4] itxbt2oablo7e8kxibh9bi96r8i7bye 0 13652 50747 2026-06-15T14:38:32Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340994891|Petina Gappah]]" 50747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petina Gappah''' (yo o tshotsweng ka 1971) ke mmueledi le mokwadi wa kwa Zimbabwe. O kwala ka Seesemane, le fa gape a dirisa [[Seshona]], puo ya gagwe ya ntlha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/an-elegy-for-easterly-by-petina-gappah-1693757.html|title=An Elegy for Easterly, by Petina Gappah – Reviews, Books|location=London|first=Susan|last=Williams}}</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a bidiwa Motho wa Dikwalo wa Aforika wa Ngwaga ke ''[[Brittle Paper]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Edoro|first=Ainehi|title=The 2016 Brittle Paper African Literary Person of the Year Is Petina Gappah|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2016/12/2016-brittle-paper-african-literary-person-year/}}</ref> Ka 2017 o ne a nna le thuso ya madi a [[go nna Motaki yo o Nnang mo Lefelong la DAAD]] kwa [[Berlin]]. == Ka ga gagwe == === Dingwaga tsa pele === === Thuto le tiro === == Go kwala == == Dikwalo == * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2009 |title=An Elegy for Easterly |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2015 |title=The Book of Memory |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2016 |title=Rotten Row |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2019 |title=[[Out of Darkness, Shining Light]] |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} == Metswedi == 7pndgvbw1rrjqavc16h7w274dkf1cec 50748 50747 2026-06-15T14:40:57Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340994891|Petina Gappah]]" 50748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petina Gappah''' (yo o tshotsweng ka 1971) ke mmueledi le mokwadi wa kwa Zimbabwe. O kwala ka Seesemane, le fa gape a dirisa [[Seshona]], puo ya gagwe ya ntlha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/an-elegy-for-easterly-by-petina-gappah-1693757.html|title=An Elegy for Easterly, by Petina Gappah – Reviews, Books|location=London|first=Susan|last=Williams}}</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a bidiwa Motho wa Dikwalo wa Aforika wa Ngwaga ke ''[[Brittle Paper]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Edoro|first=Ainehi|title=The 2016 Brittle Paper African Literary Person of the Year Is Petina Gappah|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2016/12/2016-brittle-paper-african-literary-person-year/}}</ref> Ka 2017 o ne a nna le thuso ya madi a [[go nna Motaki yo o Nnang mo Lefelong la DAAD]] kwa [[Berlin]]. == Ka ga gagwe == === Dingwaga tsa pele === Petina Gappah o tsholetswe kwa [[Zambia]], kwa [[Kgaolong ya Copperbelt]]. O rile: "Rre, jaaka badiri ba le bantsi ba bantsho ba ba nang le bokgoni ba ba neng ba sa kgone go bona ditiro kwa Rhodesia e e neng e kgaogantswe, o ne a batla khumo ya gagwe go sele. Ene le mme ba ne ba fudugela kwa [[Kitwe]], toropo e e mo lebanteng la kopore le le neng le gola la Zambia." O goletse kwa [[Zimbabwe]], kwa batsadi ba gagwe ba neng ba boela teng fa a le dikgwedi di robabongwe. Morago ga Boipuso jwa lefatshe, lelapa la gagwe le ne la fudugela kwa lefelong le pele e neng e le la basweu mo lefelong le jaanong le bidiwang [[Harare]], mme e ne e le mongwe wa baithuti ba ntlha ba bantsho kwa sekolong se se potlana se pele se neng se beetswe bana ba basweu fela.<ref name="Moss">Stephen Moss, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/dec/04/guardian-first-book-petina-gappah "Petina Gappah: 'I don't see myself as an African writer{{'"}}], ''The Guardian'', 4 December 2009.</ref> O simolotse go kwala a le dingwaga di ka nna lesome kgotsa lesome le motso mme kgang ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng e ne e le mo lokwalong lwa [[Sekolo se Segolwane sa St. Dominic]] fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone. === Thuto le tiro === == Go kwala == == Dikwalo == * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2009 |title=An Elegy for Easterly |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2015 |title=The Book of Memory |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2016 |title=Rotten Row |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2019 |title=[[Out of Darkness, Shining Light]] |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} == Metswedi == dt8wao4cr5zncvljl4veoe1xhu87aki 50749 50748 2026-06-15T14:44:32Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340994891|Petina Gappah]]" 50749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petina Gappah''' (yo o tshotsweng ka 1971) ke mmueledi le mokwadi wa kwa Zimbabwe. O kwala ka Seesemane, le fa gape a dirisa [[Seshona]], puo ya gagwe ya ntlha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/an-elegy-for-easterly-by-petina-gappah-1693757.html|title=An Elegy for Easterly, by Petina Gappah – Reviews, Books|location=London|first=Susan|last=Williams}}</ref> Ka 2016, o ne a bidiwa Motho wa Dikwalo wa Aforika wa Ngwaga ke ''[[Brittle Paper]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Edoro|first=Ainehi|title=The 2016 Brittle Paper African Literary Person of the Year Is Petina Gappah|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2016/12/2016-brittle-paper-african-literary-person-year/}}</ref> Ka 2017 o ne a nna le thuso ya madi a [[go nna Motaki yo o Nnang mo Lefelong la DAAD]] kwa [[Berlin]]. == Ka ga gagwe == === Dingwaga tsa pele === Petina Gappah o tsholetswe kwa [[Zambia]], kwa [[Kgaolong ya Copperbelt]]. O rile: "Rre, jaaka badiri ba le bantsi ba bantsho ba ba nang le bokgoni ba ba neng ba sa kgone go bona ditiro kwa Rhodesia e e neng e kgaogantswe, o ne a batla khumo ya gagwe go sele. Ene le mme ba ne ba fudugela kwa [[Kitwe]], toropo e e mo lebanteng la kopore le le neng le gola la Zambia." O goletse kwa [[Zimbabwe]], kwa batsadi ba gagwe ba neng ba boela teng fa a le dikgwedi di robabongwe. Morago ga Boipuso jwa lefatshe, lelapa la gagwe le ne la fudugela kwa lefelong le pele e neng e le la basweu mo lefelong le jaanong le bidiwang [[Harare]], mme e ne e le mongwe wa baithuti ba ntlha ba bantsho kwa sekolong se se potlana se pele se neng se beetswe bana ba basweu fela.<ref name="Moss">Stephen Moss, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/dec/04/guardian-first-book-petina-gappah "Petina Gappah: 'I don't see myself as an African writer{{'"}}], ''The Guardian'', 4 December 2009.</ref> O simolotse go kwala a le dingwaga di ka nna lesome kgotsa lesome le motso mme kgang ya gagwe ya ntlha e e gatisitsweng e ne e le mo lokwalong lwa [[Sekolo se Segolwane sa St. Dominic]] fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone. === Thuto le tiro === O na le dikirii ya molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]], mme ka 1995 o ne a ya kwa Austria go ya go dira dikirii ya bongaka mo molaong wa boditšhabatšhaba wa kgwebisano kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Graz]], e e kopantsweng le dikirii ya masters kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cambridge]], mme fa e sa le ka 1998 o ne a nna kwa [[Geneva]], kwa Switzerland, a dira jaaka mmueledi wa molao wa boditšhabatšhaba.<ref name="Moss">Stephen Moss, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/dec/04/guardian-first-book-petina-gappah "Petina Gappah: 'I don't see myself as an African writer{{'"}}], ''The Guardian'', 4 December 2009.</ref> Gappah o boletse jaana mo potsolotsong ya 2009: "Ke simolotse go kwala ka tlhoafalo ka Motsheganong 2006. Ke ne ka tsenelela Zoetrope Virtual Studio, kgang e ke neng ke e kwadile koo e ne ya gapa leitlho la morulaganyi mongwe kwa lekwalodikgannyeng la maranyane la Per Contra, ke ne ka tsenelela dikgang dingwe mo dikgaisanong, ke ne ka dira sentle mo kgaisanong e le nngwe, mme fa ke ne ke batla mogatisi mo boemong jwa me." Buka ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''An Elegy for Easterly'', e leng kokoanyo ya dikgankhutshwe, e ne ya gatisiwa ka 2009, mme morago ga moo o ne a gatisa dipadi tse pedi: ''The Book of Memory'' ka 2015 le ''Rotten Row'' ka 2016. Fa e sa le ka 2017, e ntse e le [[fellow ya DAAD le Mokwadi wa Bonno]] kwa Berlin. Ka Seetebosigo 2017, o ne a neela Thuto ya Ngwaga le Ngwaga ya ''[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]'', e e nang le setlhogo se se reng "Looking for Dr Livingstone's African Companions", kwa [[Sekolong sa Dithuto tsa Maemo a a Kwa Godimo]], [[kwa Yunibesithing ya London]] . == Go kwala == == Dikwalo == * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2009 |title=An Elegy for Easterly |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2015 |title=The Book of Memory |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2016 |title=Rotten Row |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} * {{Cite book |last=Gappah |first=Petina |year=2019 |title=[[Out of Darkness, Shining Light]] |publisher= |isbn= |location= |author-mask=2}} == Metswedi == 2zqfm5ebb2bo97tu2km98jnygk3h2rw 0 13653 50750 2026-06-15T18:34:57Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA CAPANDA 50750 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Capanda 01.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Capanda]] '''Letamo la Capanda''' ke letamo la motlakase wa metsi mo Nokeng ya Kwanza mo Porofenseng ya Malanje, [[Angola]]. E agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987) go ya ko ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007) ke khampani ya Russia ya Tekhnopromexport, general designer - the institute Hydroproject (Chief Engineer - Ph.D Fedosov V.E.) Lefelo leno le ntsha motlakase ka go dirisa diterekere tse nne tse di nang le maatla a dimekawate di le lekgolo le masome a mararo (130) (170,000 hp) nngwe le nngwe, mme palogotlhe ya maatla a a tsentsweng ke dimekawate di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a mabedi (520) (700,000 hp). Ditshenyegelo tsotlhe di ne di le didolara di le dibilione di le nne (4) tsa Amerika. Ditshenyegelo tsa tlaleletso tsa go feta US$400 million di dirisitswe go baakanya tshenyo e e bakilweng ke UNITA ka nako ya ntwa ya selegae ya Angola ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992) le ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999).<ref>[http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=p80283j474786545&size=largest Capanda Dam] Archived July 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine</ref> == Tsela e e dirilweng ka yone == Dikarolo tsa konokono di akaretsa: * letamo la konkereite la maatlakgogedi, le le akaretsang: karolo e e feletseng ya letamo la go tshologela, lefelo la motlakase wa metsi le le kwa tlase ga letamo, * e e nang le: GES, diphatlha tse nne tsa go tsamaisa ditonele, * power house open switchgear (ORU 220 kW) * kago ya botsamaisi == Botlhokwa jwa ikonomi == Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013) Capanda HPP e tlhagisa go feta halofo ya motlakase otlhe mo Angola mme ke lefelo le legolo la motlakase wa metsi mo nageng. == Ditso tsa kago == Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e thola bobedi (2),ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi(1982) Angola e ne ya saena tumalano ya Soviet-Angolan ya go aga letamo la maatla a metsi. Tona ya Energy le Petroleum ya Angola, e ne ya bopa setlhopha sa botsamaisi sa kabinete go laola kago ya konteraka ya konteraka ya Central Kwanza (GAMEK) ya Capanda, e e neng e akaretsa mokgatlho wa Soviet wa kgwebisano ya boditšhabatšhaba "Tekhnopromexport", le setlamo sa kago sa Brazil sa Odebrecht.<ref>[http://www.industcards.com/hydro-angola-namibia.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in Angola & Namibia"]. IndustCards. Retrieved 27 April 2014</ref> Moralo wa ntlha le dipatlisiso tsa ntlha tsa thutafatshe tsa go tlhamaladiwa ga letamo leno, di ne tsa dirwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano(1965) ke khampani ya Portugal ya COBA. Tiro eno e ne e akaretsa go agiwa ga letamo le le motopo, le le neng le theilwe mo ditlhomesong tse pedi tsa maatlakgogedi. Porojeke eno e ne ya tlogelwa ke baitseanape ba Soviet mme moragonyana ditshenyegelo tsa go aga di ne tsa fokodiwa thata. Porojeke ya Capanda HPP ya 520 MW e ne ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989). Porojeke eno e ne ya atlega fa e ne e tlhatlhobiwa ke bomankge ba puso ba ba tswang kwa mekgatlhong ya USSR, [[Angola]] le Brazil. Go agiwa ga yone go simolotse ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le msome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987). Tumalano eno e ne e bontsha gore go tla bo go weditswe go agiwa ga letamo leno kwa bofelong jwa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1992). Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang go ya go Phukwi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988), go ne ga wediwa go agiwa ga thanele eno. Kwa bokhutlong jwa Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989), Noka ya Kwanzaa e ne ya thibelwa, mme metsi a ne a elela mo teng ga thanele. Go tladiwa ga lekadiba leno go ne ga wediwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e thola bongwe (1) ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992). Go agiwa ga letamo leno go ne ga dirwa ka fa tlase ga maemo a Ntwa ya Selegae e e neng e tsweletse kwa Angola. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e thola bone (4) ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi(1992), lefelo leno le ne la gapiwa ke setlhopha sa sesole sa UNITA. Ka nako ya tlhaselo eno go ne ga bolawa Ba-Angola ba ka nna masome a mabedi (20) - bontsi jwa bone e le mapodise a a neng a disitse lefelo le go neng go agiwa mo go lone le baitseanape ba le bararo ba Ba-Russia. Morago ga go gapiwa ga lefelo la motlakase wa metsi le le neng le ise le wediwe, le ne la se ka la baakanngwa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000). Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997), go ne ga dirwa maiteko a go tsosolosa kago. Ka nako ya fa go ne go dirwa dipatlisiso mo karolong e e kwa godimo ya letamo, go ne ga fitlhelwa matshwao a go thunya go gogolo. Dithoromo tsa dikereine di ne tsa fitlhelwa di latlhetswe mo nokeng. Fa UNITA e sena go tswa mo lefelong leo, lefelo le go neng go agiwa mo go lone le ne le le lolea kwantle fela ga lebota la konkereite la letamo le le neng le setse. Dikago tsotlhe tsa bonno di ne tsa jewa ka molelo, mme baagi le baenjeniri botlhe ba ba neng ba sa tswa go thapiwa ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go nna mo ditenteng tsa masole ka lobakanyana. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le bobedi (12) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000), tiro e ne ya simololwa gape. Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002), go ne ga simololwa tiro ya go tlatsa letamo leno. Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) le ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone(2004), diterekere tsa ntlha tse pedi di ne tsa simolola go bereka. Tiro ya go aga e ne ya tswelela go fitlha e tsena mo kgatong ya bobedi, mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), go ne ga tsenngwa turbine ya boraro le ya bonè mo tirong. Fa UNITA e sena go tswa kwa Capanda, ditsela tsotlhe tse di yang kwa lefelong le go neng go agiwa mo go lone di ne di epetswe dibomo. Le fa gone go ne go setse go tlositswe dibomo, ka bonako fela fa go sena go simololwa tiro ya go aga, bobotlana dilori tse pedi tse dikgolo tsa go latlhela matlakala di ne tsa senngwa ke dibomo. Go ne ga fitlhelwa dibomo mo lefelong le go neng go agiwa mo go lone, mme moragonyana, di ne tsa fitlhelwa le mo mafelong a pula e neng e gogotse mmu mo go one. Meepo e e mo lefelong la Capanda e kotsi mme e sa ntse e bonwa le gompieno. == Metswedi == q0pijallpn6pbwepgjm11cifmwr69sh 0 13654 50751 2026-06-15T18:54:57Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA ANDEKALEKA 50751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Andekaleka''' ke letamo le le agilweng mo nokeng ya Vohitra gaufi le Andekaleka kwa botlhaba jwa Madagascar. Boikaelelo jo bogolo jwa letamo ke go tlhagisa maatla a motlakase ka metsi mme le faposa metsi go tswa kwa botlhaba jwa Vohitra go ya kwa go 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) headrace tunnel koo e fitlhang go 91 megawatts (122,000 hp) power station ya ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. Morago ga gore metsi a tsenye di-turbine-generator, a tsamaya ka 500 metres (1,600 ft) tailrace tunnel pele a boela mo nokeng ya Vohitra. Go wa ga bogodimo magareng ga letamo le seteišene sa motlakase go dira gore go nne le tlhogo ya metsi ya dimetara di le 235 (771 ft).<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/10/18/000178830_98101902305894/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf "Andekaleka Hydroelectric Project"] (PDF). World Bank. 18 May 1978. Retrieved 18 March 2014</ref><ref>Humphries, R. W. (1985). "Underground design at Andekaleka Hydroelectric Development". ''Canadian Geotechnical Journal''. '''22''': 25–31. [[doi:10.1139/t85-004]]</ref>Letamo le seteišene sa motlakase di ne tsa duelelwa ke Banka ya Lefatshe ka tlhotlhwa ya US$142.1 million. E agilwe magareng ga 1978 le 1982.<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/12/27/000009265_3960924192636/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf "Andekaleka Hydroelectric Project Completion Report"] (PDF). World Bank. 27 December 1991. Retrieved 18 March 2014</ref>Seteishene sa motlakase se ka nna le dijenereitara di le nne. Tse pedi tsa ntlha di ne tsa simolola go dira ka 1982 mme ya boraro ka 2012. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318044143/http://www.ore.mg/Plan%20Indicatif/RIA.xls "Inventaire du parc hydroélectrique existant - Juin 2013"] (in French). ORE. June 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-03-18. Retrieved 18 March 2014.</ref>Jenereitara ya ntlha le ya bobedi di na le diterekere tsa Vevey le Jeumont fa ya boraro e dirwa ke HEC. <ref>[http://www.harbin-electric.com/en-company2.asp "Harbin Electric"]</ref><ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/939231483089671357/pdf/111457-ESM-P145350-PUBLIC-Madagascar-Inception-Report.pdf "Small HydroResource Mapping in Madagascar INCEPTION REPORT"] (PDF). World Bank. August 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2020</ref>Tsotlhe di dirisa diterekere tsa Francis reaction turbines<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skQNf5_61Ps "How Francis Turbines Work (Hydropower) in 3D".] ''YouTube''.</ref> tse gantsi di farologanang go tswa go 10 goya go 700MW <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VRE8cMd6Tg "Francis Turbine Virtual Tour - SolidWorks 3D CAD".] ''YouTube''.</ref> le tlhogo ya metsi e e dirang go tswa go lesome (10) goya go dikete tse thataro (600) metres.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JD4VkzHk6rk "Francis Water Head Requirement"]. ''YouTube''.</ref> == Molelo == Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola bobedi(2) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) go ne ga runya molelo mo madirelong a yone a motlakase. Seno se ne sa dira gore go nne le go tima motlakase gantsintsi kwa Antananarivo le mo mafelong a a mabapi. Diyuniti tsa maatla di tla dira gape mo bogareng jwa Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, le masome a mabedi le bonedi (2022).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220807190444/https://midi-madagasikara.mg/2022/06/07/electricite-de-la-jirama-production-de-24-mw-supplementaires-attendue-cette-semaine/ "midi-madagasikara.mg Electricité de la Jirama"]. Archived from the original on 2022-08-07. Retrieved 2022-06-12</ref> == Metswedi == fnqhmhytomha3u80pytix2fxi5xgpes 50755 50751 2026-06-16T00:17:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Andekaleka''' ke letamo le le agilweng mo nokeng ya Vohitra gaufi le Andekaleka kwa botlhaba jwa Madagascar. Boikaelelo jo bogolo jwa letamo ke go tlhagisa maatla a motlakase ka metsi mme le faposa metsi go tswa kwa botlhaba jwa Vohitra go ya kwa go 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) headrace tunnel koo e fitlhang go 91 megawatts (122,000 hp) power station ya ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. Morago ga gore metsi a tsenye di-turbine-generator, a tsamaya ka 500 metres (1,600 ft) tailrace tunnel pele a boela mo nokeng ya Vohitra. Go wa ga bogodimo magareng ga letamo le seteišene sa motlakase go dira gore go nne le tlhogo ya metsi ya dimetara di le 235 (771 ft).<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/10/18/000178830_98101902305894/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf "Andekaleka Hydroelectric Project"] (PDF). World Bank. 18 May 1978. Retrieved 18 March 2014</ref><ref>Humphries, R. W. (1985). "Underground design at Andekaleka Hydroelectric Development". ''Canadian Geotechnical Journal''. '''22''': 25–31. [[doi:10.1139/t85-004]]</ref>Letamo le seteišene sa motlakase di ne tsa duelelwa ke Banka ya Lefatshe ka tlhotlhwa ya US$142.1 million. E agilwe magareng ga 1978 le 1982.<ref>[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/12/27/000009265_3960924192636/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf "Andekaleka Hydroelectric Project Completion Report"] (PDF). World Bank. 27 December 1991. Retrieved 18 March 2014</ref>Seteishene sa motlakase se ka nna le dijenereitara di le nne. Tse pedi tsa ntlha di ne tsa simolola go dira ka 1982 mme ya boraro ka 2012. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318044143/http://www.ore.mg/Plan%20Indicatif/RIA.xls "Inventaire du parc hydroélectrique existant - Juin 2013"] (in French). ORE. June 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-03-18. Retrieved 18 March 2014.</ref>Jenereitara ya ntlha le ya bobedi di na le diterekere tsa Vevey le Jeumont fa ya boraro e dirwa ke HEC. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.harbin-electric.com/en-company2.asp |title="Harbin Electric" |access-date=2026-06-15 |archive-date=2018-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401005451/http://www.harbin-electric.com/en-company2.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/939231483089671357/pdf/111457-ESM-P145350-PUBLIC-Madagascar-Inception-Report.pdf "Small HydroResource Mapping in Madagascar INCEPTION REPORT"] (PDF). World Bank. August 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2020</ref>Tsotlhe di dirisa diterekere tsa Francis reaction turbines<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skQNf5_61Ps "How Francis Turbines Work (Hydropower) in 3D".] ''YouTube''.</ref> tse gantsi di farologanang go tswa go 10 goya go 700MW <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VRE8cMd6Tg "Francis Turbine Virtual Tour - SolidWorks 3D CAD".] ''YouTube''.</ref> le tlhogo ya metsi e e dirang go tswa go lesome (10) goya go dikete tse thataro (600) metres.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JD4VkzHk6rk "Francis Water Head Requirement"]. ''YouTube''.</ref> == Molelo == Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola bobedi(2) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) go ne ga runya molelo mo madirelong a yone a motlakase. Seno se ne sa dira gore go nne le go tima motlakase gantsintsi kwa Antananarivo le mo mafelong a a mabapi. Diyuniti tsa maatla di tla dira gape mo bogareng jwa Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi, le masome a mabedi le bonedi (2022).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220807190444/https://midi-madagasikara.mg/2022/06/07/electricite-de-la-jirama-production-de-24-mw-supplementaires-attendue-cette-semaine/ "midi-madagasikara.mg Electricité de la Jirama"]. Archived from the original on 2022-08-07. Retrieved 2022-06-12</ref> == Metswedi == 7pcmyr5hfiu1mhtlgfp94pkl6hl6t4u 0 13655 50752 2026-06-15T19:09:03Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA BANIEYA 50752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Banieya''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Samou mo kgaolong ya Kindia kwa Guinea. E dikilometara di le 16 (9.9 mi) kwa bophirima jwa Kindia. Letamo leno le ne la wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boferabongwe (1969) ka boikaelelo jwa go tlamela metsi. Seteishene sa maatla a motlakase sa di-megawatt di le 5,2 (di-hp di le 7.000) se ne sa tsenngwa mo tirong fa letamo leno le neng le le gone ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988). Letamo la Kale, le gape le tshegetsang seteišene sa motlakase wa metsi, le kwa tlase ga noka.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls "Dams in Africa".] UN FAO. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref><ref>[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa".] IndustCards. Archived from the original on 2009-07-19. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == ll1p0q8kbpp97n5s32tnxmh30r2lgma 0 13656 50753 2026-06-15T19:28:54Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA WEIJA 50753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Weija''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Densu le le tshegetsang semela se segolo sa go phepafatsa metsi sa Accra. E tsamaisiwa ke Ghana Water Company. Letamo leno le tlamela ka diperesente di le masome a marataro (80) tsa metsi a a nowang a toropo yotlhe ya Accra le mafelo a a e dikologileng.<ref>Ofori, Amoani. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150525182751/http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story "NADMO - Weija Dam Spillage Ongoing ... Nadmo Success Story"]. ''www.nadmo.gov.gh''. Archived from the original on 2015-05-25. Retrieved 2015-05-25</ref><ref>[http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/June-10th/spillage-of-weija-dam-causes-severe-flooding-at-glefe-opetekwei.php "Ghana News - Spillage of Weija dam causes 'severe' flooding at Glefe, Opetekwei". ''www.myjoyonline.com''.] Retrieved 2015-05-25.</ref><ref>Boateng, Caroline. [http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-floods-communities.html "Ghana news: Weija Dam spillage floods communities - Graphic Online"]. ''Daily Graphic''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2017-08-03.</ref>Go agiwa ga yone go simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone (1974) mme ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boferabobedi (1978) ke Messrs Tahi, e leng Khampani ya Italy. <ref>Awuku-Apaw, Joshua (2011-12-15). [https://www.modernghana.com/news/367257/the-weija-dam-obituary.html "THE WEIJA DAM OBITUARY".] ''www.modernghana.com''. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref> == Go tshologa == Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), go ne ga tshologa metsi mo letamong mme ga baka merwalela mo kgaolong ya Glefe. Batswasetlhabelo ba ne ba re morwalela o ne o le ka ntlha ya go gana ga Lekgotla la Setso la Bortianor go epa noka e e neng e elela mo lewatleng go fitlha moletlo wa Homowo o fela. <ref>Nyabor, Jonas (2014-06-10). [https://citifmonline.com/2014/06/weija-dam-spillage-floods-glefe/ "Weija dam spillage floods Glefe"]. ''Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always''. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017) Khampani ya Metsi ya Ghana e ne ya simolola go tsholola metsi go tswa mo mogorogorong go thibela metsi a a mo go one go feta selekanyo sa one se se kwa godimo. Seno se ne se tlhokega ka ntlha ya paka ya dipula. Seno se ne sa baka merwalela mo mafelong a Tetegu le Oblogo.<ref>[https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/147937/%20Weija%20Dam%20spillage%20floods%20communities%20%20%20%20%20 "Weija Dam spillage floods communities".] ''BusinessGhana''. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le motso (2021) dikgoro di ne tsa bulwa ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga metsi ka bonako ka maoto a le 1,9 mo lobakeng lwa diura di le masome a mabedi le bone (24). Seno se ne sa oketsa metsi go tswa go 46.2 go ya go 48.1 a a neng a le kwa godimo ga selekanyo se se babalesegileng sa go dira se se leng 47 ya dimetara. Seno se ne se le botlhokwa gore go se ka ga nna le kotsi ya gore letamo leno le thubege.<ref>Nti, Kwaku (2021-03-30). [https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/03/30/gwcl-opens-three-gates-of-weija-dam-to-allow-spillage/ "GWCL opens three gates of Weija-Dam to allow spillage".] ''Angel Online''. Retrieved 2023-05-03</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), letamo le ne la tshologa gabedi. Seno se ne se bakilwe ke dipula. Boemo jwa metsi fa dikgoro tsa letamo di ne di bulwa kwa tshimologong ya kgwedi e ne e le 49.5 feet le 47.9 feet fa le ne le tshololwa moragonyana.<ref>Boakye, Edna Agnes (2022-10-27). [https://citinewsroom.com/2022/10/gwcl-spills-excess-water-from-weija-dam-residents-asked-to-relocate/ "GWCL spills excess water from Weija Dam; residents asked to relocate".] ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-causes-flooding-downstream.html "Weija dam spillage causes flooding downstream"]. ''Daily Graphic''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref> == Metswedi == 8dm1iwif338qgz664aa5cexxufa7yha 50762 50753 2026-06-16T00:19:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Weija''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Densu le le tshegetsang semela se segolo sa go phepafatsa metsi sa Accra. E tsamaisiwa ke Ghana Water Company. Letamo leno le tlamela ka diperesente di le masome a marataro (80) tsa metsi a a nowang a toropo yotlhe ya Accra le mafelo a a e dikologileng.<ref>Ofori, Amoani. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150525182751/http://www.nadmo.gov.gh/index.php/archives/5-main-article/main-article/124-weija-dam-spillage-is-ongoing-nadmo-success-story "NADMO - Weija Dam Spillage Ongoing ... Nadmo Success Story"]. ''www.nadmo.gov.gh''. Archived from the original on 2015-05-25. Retrieved 2015-05-25</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150525182517/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/June-10th/spillage-of-weija-dam-causes-severe-flooding-at-glefe-opetekwei.php "Ghana News - Spillage of Weija dam causes 'severe' flooding at Glefe, Opetekwei". ''www.myjoyonline.com''.] Retrieved 2015-05-25.</ref><ref>Boateng, Caroline. [http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-floods-communities.html "Ghana news: Weija Dam spillage floods communities - Graphic Online"]. ''Daily Graphic''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2017-08-03.</ref>Go agiwa ga yone go simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone (1974) mme ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boferabobedi (1978) ke Messrs Tahi, e leng Khampani ya Italy. <ref>Awuku-Apaw, Joshua (2011-12-15). [https://www.modernghana.com/news/367257/the-weija-dam-obituary.html "THE WEIJA DAM OBITUARY".] ''www.modernghana.com''. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref> == Go tshologa == Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), go ne ga tshologa metsi mo letamong mme ga baka merwalela mo kgaolong ya Glefe. Batswasetlhabelo ba ne ba re morwalela o ne o le ka ntlha ya go gana ga Lekgotla la Setso la Bortianor go epa noka e e neng e elela mo lewatleng go fitlha moletlo wa Homowo o fela. <ref>Nyabor, Jonas (2014-06-10). [https://citifmonline.com/2014/06/weija-dam-spillage-floods-glefe/ "Weija dam spillage floods Glefe"]. ''Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always''. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017) Khampani ya Metsi ya Ghana e ne ya simolola go tsholola metsi go tswa mo mogorogorong go thibela metsi a a mo go one go feta selekanyo sa one se se kwa godimo. Seno se ne se tlhokega ka ntlha ya paka ya dipula. Seno se ne sa baka merwalela mo mafelong a Tetegu le Oblogo.<ref>[https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/general/147937/%20Weija%20Dam%20spillage%20floods%20communities%20%20%20%20%20 "Weija Dam spillage floods communities".] ''BusinessGhana''. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le motso (2021) dikgoro di ne tsa bulwa ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga metsi ka bonako ka maoto a le 1,9 mo lobakeng lwa diura di le masome a mabedi le bone (24). Seno se ne sa oketsa metsi go tswa go 46.2 go ya go 48.1 a a neng a le kwa godimo ga selekanyo se se babalesegileng sa go dira se se leng 47 ya dimetara. Seno se ne se le botlhokwa gore go se ka ga nna le kotsi ya gore letamo leno le thubege.<ref>Nti, Kwaku (2021-03-30). [https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/03/30/gwcl-opens-three-gates-of-weija-dam-to-allow-spillage/ "GWCL opens three gates of Weija-Dam to allow spillage".] ''Angel Online''. Retrieved 2023-05-03</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), letamo le ne la tshologa gabedi. Seno se ne se bakilwe ke dipula. Boemo jwa metsi fa dikgoro tsa letamo di ne di bulwa kwa tshimologong ya kgwedi e ne e le 49.5 feet le 47.9 feet fa le ne le tshololwa moragonyana.<ref>Boakye, Edna Agnes (2022-10-27). [https://citinewsroom.com/2022/10/gwcl-spills-excess-water-from-weija-dam-residents-asked-to-relocate/ "GWCL spills excess water from Weija Dam; residents asked to relocate".] ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref><ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/weija-dam-spillage-causes-flooding-downstream.html "Weija dam spillage causes flooding downstream"]. ''Daily Graphic''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2023-05-03.</ref> == Metswedi == 6hzv4jeif27uqpj5izidh8kiwvwgm8v 0 13657 50772 2026-06-16T07:31:14Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA GARAFIRI 50772 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Garafiri''' ke letamo le le agilweng mo nokeng ya Konkouré le le bopang molelwane magareng ga dikgaolo tsa Kindia le Mamou kwa Guinea. Letamo leno le ne la agiwa ke Salini Impregilo magareng ga 1995 le 1999 ka boikaelelo jwa go tlhagisa motlakase le go tlamela ka metsi. Seteishene sa motlakase se ne sa senyega ka 2002 mme sa baakanngwa ka bonako morago ga moo. Seteišene sa motlakase se na le maatla a a tsentsweng a dimekawate di le 75 (101 000 hp).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161029103355/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/garafiri-dam.html "Garafiri dam".] Salini Impregilo. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2014</ref><ref>[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http%3A//www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa"]. IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls "Dams in Africa"]. UN FAO. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == 6g9z0vj5v01fx0i8gwa7lk6bxq5lbtr 50776 50772 2026-06-16T07:56:54Z Lucrucia98 12161 50776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Garafiri''' ke letamo le le agilweng mo nokeng ya Konkouré le le bopang molelwane magareng ga dikgaolo tsa Kindia le Mamou kwa Guinea. Letamo leno le ne la agiwa ke Salini Impregilo magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (1995) leka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999) ka boikaelelo jwa go tlhagisa motlakase le go tlamela ka metsi. Seteishene sa motlakase se ne sa senyega ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002) mme sa baakanngwa ka bonako morago ga moo. Seteišene sa motlakase se na le maatla a a tsentsweng a dimekawate di le masome a supa le botlhano(75) (101 000 hp).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161029103355/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/garafiri-dam.html "Garafiri dam".] Salini Impregilo. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2014</ref><ref>[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http%3A//www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa"]. IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls "Dams in Africa"]. UN FAO. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == h77t7oul5ns0c1xuhrx3ii1xz0lqjde 0 13658 50773 2026-06-16T07:38:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letamo la Alau 50773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:ISS011-E-9343 - View of Nigeria (Alau dam, cropped, retouched).jpg|thumb|Tsela e letamo leno le lebegang ka yone go tswa kwa Seteisheneng sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Lefaufau ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano.]] '''Letamo la Alau''' le ne le le mo motseng wa Alau wa Konduga mo kgaolong ya puso ya selegae ya Borno mo kgaolong ya Bokone-Botlhaba jwa [[Nigeria|Nigeria,]] le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone go ya ko masome a robabonedi le borataro (1984 -1986).<ref>Ibrahim Adeyemi; Mansir Muhammed; Alamin Umar; Usman Abba Zanna (14 September 2024). [https://humanglemedia.com/maiduguri-floods-the-unfortunate-series-of-events-that-led-to-the-breakdown-of-alau-dam/ "Maiduguri Floods: The Unfortunate Series Of Events That Led To The Breakdown Of Alau Dam".] ''HumAngle''. Retrieved 17 September 2024.</ref> E na le letamo le legolo mo nokeng ya Ngadda, nngwe ya dinoka tse di tsenang mo [[Letsha la Chad]].<ref>[https://gazettengr.com/alau-dam-agency-to-release-excess-water-from-dam-warn-maiduguri-residents/ "Alau Dam: Agency to release excess water from dam, warns Maiduguri residents".] [[:en:Peoples_Gazette|''Peoples Gazette''.]] Abuja, Nigeria. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</ref> <ref>[https://naturenews.africa/alau-dam-agency-alerts-maiduguri-residents-on-plans-to-release-excess-water/ "Alau Dam: Agency alerts Maiduguri residents on plans to release excess water"]. ''Naturenews.africa''. 10 September 2022. Archived from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</ref><ref>Abbagana, Amina (19 August 2021). [https://ndarason.com/en/child-drowns-after-alau-dam-gates-opened-to-release-excess-water/ "Child drowns after Alau Dam gates opened to release excess water"]. ''Radio Ndarason International''. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone 2024, letamo le ne la thubega, la baka merwalela e e maswe kwa Borno State mme la bolaya batho ba feta lekgolo le masome a matlhano , mme batho ba le 419,000 ba ne ba tlhokafalelwa ke magae a bone. <ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240911-nigeria-floods-kill-at-least-30-people-and-displace-thousands "Nigeria floods kill at least 30 people and displace some 400,000".] [[:en:France_24|France 24]]. 11 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.</ref> == Ditshenyegelo == Metsi a a tsenang mo Alau le mo Jere Bowl a ikaegile thata ka go elela ga metsi a Noka ya Ngadda, e e tlang ka dipaka tse di farologaneng. Noka ya Ngadda ke e nngwe ya dinoka tse dikgolo tsa Noka ya Yedzeram, e e simologang kwa Hudu Hills kwa botlhaba jwa Mubi mme e elela kwa bokone bophirima go ya kwa Letsheng la Chad. Ka paka ya dipula, Noka ya Yedzeram e tsenya metsi a mantsi mo Nokeng ya Ngadda, e e elelang kwa Alau le kwa Jere Bowl. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingwageng tse pula e sa neng thata ka tsone, Noka ya Yedzeram ga e tshele Noka ya Ngalda metsi a mantsi, mme metsi a a elelang kwa Alau le kwa Jere Bowl a ka fokotsega fela thata. Letamo la Alau le amogela metsi go tswa kwa dinokeng tsa Yedzram le Gombole tse di kopanang kwa Sekgweng sa Sambisa mme di elela jaaka noka ya Ngadda go tsena mo letamong. Letamo la Alau le amogela mefuta e mentsi ya matlakala a a tswang mo masimong a temothuo. Letamo la yone gape le ne le dirisetswa go tshwara ditlhapi. == Ditso == Letamo la Alau le ne la agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone go ya go masome robabobedi le borataro (1984-1986) go tlamela metsi a go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo malapeng kwa Maiduguri. Gape letamo leno le thusa go laola merwalela mo lefelong leno. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka dinako tse dingwe go na le moo letamo leno le bakang merwalela. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), letamo leno le ne la fitlha mo boemong jwa lone jo bo kwa godimo mme la tshologa, la baka merwalela kwa Jere Bowl. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994), morwalela o mogolo wa Noka ya Yedzeram o ne wa baka merwalela e megolo kwa Maiduguri. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), dipula tsa matsorotsoro di ne tsa dira gore Letamo la Alau le bule kgogedi ya lone ya metsi, e leng se se neng sa dira gore go nne le metsi a mantsi a a neng a baka merwalela kwa Maiduguri le kwa mafelong a a mabapi. == Go phutlhama == [[Setshwantsho:Collapse of the Alau Dam, Nigeria (Copernicus 2024-09-20).png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa sathalaete sa mebala e e seng yone sa merwalela se se tserweng ke Sentinel-2, September 12, 2024.]] Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi lebone (2024), letamo le ne la thubega morago ga dipula tse di maatla, mme seo sa baka merwalela e e neng ya khurumetsa 15% ya Maiduguri mme ya bolaya go feta 80% ya diphologolo kwa Sanda Kyarimi Park Zoo.<ref>Shibayan, Dyepkazah (11 September 2024). [https://apnews.com/article/nigeria-dam-collapse-flooding-zoo-crocodiles-snakes-72ad98b7d78f9de2ed2273ebcc259a4a "Dam collapse in Nigeria sweeps deadly reptiles into flooded communities".] ''Associated Press''. Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.</ref> Bonnye batho ba le lekgolo le masome a matlhano ba ne ba bolawa ke merwalela mo lefelong leo. Makgolokgolo a batho ba ne ba fudusiwa mo matlong a bone kwa Maiduguri. 10] Le fa puso ya bosetšhaba e ne ya itsise ka porojeke ya go tsosolosa letamo ka dibilione di le 80 tsa diranta morago ga go thubega ga lone, go diega le kgatelopele e nnye e e dirilweng ka bogare jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano(2025) e dira gore lefelo leno le tlhaselwe ke merwalela mo isagweng.[ 11] == Lefelo == Letamo la Alau le ne le le bogodimo jwa dimetara di robabongwe le lefelo la bobolokelo le le sekwere la dikilometara di le masome a matlhano. Bokgoni jo bogolo jwa bobolokelo ke dikhubiki metara di le dimilione di le lekgolo le lesome le bobedi(dikhubiki feet di le dibilione di le 4,0). == Metswedi == i05c2ftvnmh6qfg8khx168zjtdxj5cw 0 13659 50774 2026-06-16T07:41:37Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA KOSSOU 50774 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Kossou''' ke letamo le le thibang Noka ya Bandama mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mararo le bobedi (32) kwa bokone bophirima jwa Yamoussoukro kwa [[Côte d'Ivoire]]. E na le maatla a go ntsha motlakase wa dimekawate di le lekgolo le masome a supa le bone (174) (233.000 hp), e leng maatla a a lekaneng go naya malapa a a fetang 118.000 motlakase. Letamo leno le thiba letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe kwa Côte d'Ivoire, Lake Kossou.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090108151854/http://www.mbendi.com/indy/powr/af/ci/p0005.htm "Electrical Power in Côte d'Ivoire".] www.mbendi.com. 2008-07-25. Archived from the original on 2009-01-08. Retrieved 2009-08-01.</ref><ref>[https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls "Dams in Africa"]. UN FAO. Retrieved 18 March 2014</ref><ref>[https://globalenergyobservatory.org/form.php?pid=42577 "Kossou Hydroelectric Power Plant Cote dIvoire".] Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 18 March 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == 5dvinfzrhxpv95ehif1ehx416tn8fuq 50775 50774 2026-06-16T07:46:13Z Lucrucia98 12161 50775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kossou dam view from the lake.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Kossou]] '''Letamo la Kossou''' ke letamo le le thibang Noka ya Bandama mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mararo le bobedi (32) kwa bokone bophirima jwa Yamoussoukro kwa [[Côte d'Ivoire]]. E na le maatla a go ntsha motlakase wa dimekawate di le lekgolo le masome a supa le bone (174) (233.000 hp), e leng maatla a a lekaneng go naya malapa a a fetang 118.000 motlakase. Letamo leno le thiba letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe kwa Côte d'Ivoire, Lake Kossou.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090108151854/http://www.mbendi.com/indy/powr/af/ci/p0005.htm "Electrical Power in Côte d'Ivoire".] www.mbendi.com. 2008-07-25. Archived from the original on 2009-01-08. Retrieved 2009-08-01.</ref><ref>[https://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/african_dams.xls "Dams in Africa"]. UN FAO. Retrieved 18 March 2014</ref><ref>[https://globalenergyobservatory.org/form.php?pid=42577 "Kossou Hydroelectric Power Plant Cote dIvoire".] Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 18 March 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == l8c1qh562ebbo2nstkby4kd41vvndbe 0 13660 50777 2026-06-16T08:08:57Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA TAABO 50777 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Taabo''' ke semela sa maatla a motlakase sa Noka ya Bandama kwa Côte d'Ivoire se se nang le maatla a go tlhagisa motlakase wa makgolo a mabedi le lesome (210 megawatts) (280,000 hp), a a lekaneng go tlamela matlo a a fetang 141 000. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090108151854/http://www.mbendi.com/indy/powr/af/ci/p0005.htm "Electrical Power in Côte d'Ivoire".] www.mbendi.com. 2008-07-25. Archived from the original on 2009-01-08. Retrieved 2009-08-01</ref>E ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975).<ref>[https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/PAR00020048 "Sustainable hydroelectric dam management in the context of climate change : case of the Taabo dam in Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa".] Sustainability, 11 (18). 2019. p. 3. Retrieved 2024-05-18.</ref>Letamo leno le kwa tlase ga letamo la Kossou. Eno ke "mosele o o dirilweng ka mmu le maje o o nang le letsopa le le dirilweng ka letsopa le le boleele jwa dimetara di le dikete tse robabobedi le bongwe (8100) le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a mane le boraro (43). E na le "dikgoro di le tlhano tse di nayang bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo jwa go ntsha metsi a le 3,900 m3/sek. ka dikgoro tsa radial 11 x 11 m" ka tsela ya konkoreite mo lobopong lo lo ka fa molemeng lo lo nang le bogodimo jwa 113 m kwa godimo ga lewatle. <ref>[https://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/taabo-hidroelectric-power-plant-on-the-bandama-river.html "Taabo Hidroelectric Power Plant on the Bandama River".] Salini-impregilo. Retrieved 30 December 2018.</ref> == Metswedi == 81rbobnpas4nivh2blsr5y1wk1h4wq9 0 13661 50779 2026-06-16T08:17:47Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO WADI GHAN 50779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Wadi Ghan''' ke letamo le le tletseng ka matlapa le le kwa Wadi Al-Hira, lesome le bone (14 km) (9 mi) bokone-botlhaba jwa Gharyan mo Kgaolong ya Jabal al Gharbi ya Libya.<ref>[http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Libya "Water profile of Libya".] Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved 20 August 2011</ref> E ne ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982), maikaelelo a magolo a letamo ke go tlamela metsi ka go nosetsa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190105002959/http://www.cccorpn.com/wadi-ghan-dam.htm "Wadi Ghan Dam, Libya"]. Continental Construction Corp. Archived from the original on 5 January 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/african_dams_20110210.xls "African Dam Factsheet"]. UN FAO. Retrieved 27 August 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == o753cbdefzgfwvvm9ponzdowta4sebh 0 13662 50780 2026-06-16T08:32:08Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA WADI KAAM 50780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Wadi Kaam''' ke letamo le le leng mo Wadi Kaam,<ref>Kundell, Jim (20 June 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110815191624/http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Libya "Water profile of Libya"]. ''Encyclopedia of Earth''. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.</ref> le masome a maedi le bobedi (22 km) (14 mi) kwa bophirima jwa Zliten mo Kgaolong ya Misrata, Libya. E ne ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boferabongwe (1979), maikaelelo a magolo a letamo ke go tlamela metsi ka go nosetsa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121026043028/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/damsafrica/african_dams_20110210.xls "African Dam Factsheet".] ''UN FAO''. 2011. Archived from the original (.xls) on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2011.</ref> Letamo leno le ne la dirwa le go agiwa ke Energoprojekt Hidroinženjering, e leng setlamo se se kafa tlase ga khampani ya boenjenere ya kwa Yugoslavia e leng Energoprojekt, e okametswe ke Moenjenere yo Mogolo e bong Stojan J. Čanović. == Metswedi == mqut0jv6bswaa8qc8a2tbg8g1xaeim1 0 13663 50781 2026-06-16T08:54:07Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Boesmans #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Boesmans''' (ka teme ya Afrikaans: Boesmansrivier) ke noka e e kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E simologa kwa bokone jwa Kirkwood e elela go feta Alicedale, pele ga e konega kwa botlhaba go ya Kenton-on-Sea, kwa e tshologelang kwa lewatleng la Indian ka letangwana la khilomithara e lenngwe le bosupa kwa borwa bophirima jwa noka ya Kariega.<ref>[https://eprints.ru.ac.za/1996/1/FRASER-MSc-TR05-95.pdf Coastal dune dynamics and management^[''p'']</ref> == Dinoka tse di tshelang mo go yone == Dinoka tse di tshelang mo go yone di akaretsa: Noka ya Bega, Noka ya iCamtarha, noka ya Ncazala, noka ya Komga, noka ya New Years, noka ya Steins, noka ya Swartwaters, noka ya Soutkloof le noka ya Bou.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310073645/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/1018-1-01.pdf "Eastern Cape Estuaries Management Programme"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/1018-1-01.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 847s2g3pxor8rpkg5v1z5f0ejgzudcw 0 13664 50782 2026-06-16T09:10:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Kariega #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Kariega|river_name=Tyelerha, Katuiga, Karuka|image_name=Kariega River mouth.jpg|caption=Molomo wa noka kwa Kenton-on Sea|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Kariega|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Botlhaba]]|origin=Lewatle la indian|length=138 km}} '''Noka ya Kariega''' (ka teme ya Afrikaans: kariegarivier) e kwa kgaolong ya [[Kapa Botlhaba]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Noka e, e simologa dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le bone kwa bophirima jwa Grahamstown, e itsagale ka go nna e elela ka dinako tsotlhe. E tshela kwa lewatleng la Indian ka letangwana.<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502008000500009&script=sci_arttext Biological responses to a resumption in river flow in a freshwater-deprived, permanently open Southern African estuary]</ref> == Tshimologo ya leina == Se leina le se rayang ga se itsege, mme le ka tswa le tswa mo puong ya Khoikhoi. Khoikhoi e ne e le bangwe ba batho bantlha go thibelela kwa kgaolong ya Kapa. Le ntswa borrabone mogolwagolwane ba santse ba nna kwa kgaolong eo, puo ya bone e buiwa mo mafelong mangwe a [[Kapa Bokone]]. Le fago ntse jalo, mafoko a mantsi a Khoiikhoi a santse a dirisiwa mo mafelong mangwe a Aforika Borwa, a akaretsa toropo ya Garden Route ya Knysna le dikgaga tsa Cango go raya dithaba tse di metsi. [[Setshwantsho:Raphicerus campestris detail head.jpg|thumb|Steenbok kgotsa tshukudu ya Kariega]] Ditshwantsho tsa dikgaga tse di bonwang gaufi le noka di supa diphologolo tsa naga tsa kgaolo eo, di akaretsa Steenbok. == Dinoka tse dingwe tsa Kariega == Kwa Kapa Botlhaba, go na le dinoka di le tharo tsa Kariega. === Matamo a Kariega le Beervlei === Noka ya Kariega e tshela kwa [[Letamo la Beervlei|letamong la Beervlei]] kwa bokone jwa Willowmore. Leina la noka e le tlhagela ka ditsela tse di farologaneng, di akaretsa Kariega le Karuka, baitseanape ba supile fa Kariega e le leina la bogologolo, le le rayang nare. Noka e e ne e bidiwa Buffels, kgotsa Buffalo, ke batho ba Yurpa ba ntlha go thibelela koo. Le fa go ntse jalo, metswedi e le mentsi e supa fa leina le raya Steenbok e se ka thuto ya mafoko mme e le ka go nna teng ga ditshukudu mo lefelong leo. === Noka ya Kariega le ya Sundays === Noka ya Kariega e tshela kwa nokeng ya Sundays.<ref>[https://www.ru.ac.za/static/institutes/iwr//wetland/data/Sundays/SUNDAYSreport.pdf Catchment N40 - The Sundays River]</ref> Mo motsamaong wa yone, e kgabaganya dikago tsa Steenbok. Go ya ka bosupi jwa tsa puo le go nna teng ga steenbok mo lefelong leo, baitseanape ba dumela fa lefoko le le raya Steenbok. === Noka ya Kariega le ya Great Fish === Noka ya Kariega, e e nang le motswedi kwa godimo dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi kwa bokone jwa Somerset East, e tshela kwa Great Fish. == Metswedi == 46aiuxszxbkejbn5e44lrofzybpl33i 0 13665 50783 2026-06-16T09:16:32Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Bot #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Bot|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Bophirima]]|elevation=0 m|mouth=Lewatle la Indian}} '''Noka ya Bot''' (ka teme ya Afrikaans: Botrivier) ke noka e e kwa [[Kapa Bophirima|Kapa bophirima]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Molomo wa noka ya Bot, o kwa Fisherhaven le Kleinmond ke lefelo la Ramsar.<ref name=":0">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2291?__goaway_challenge=meta-refresh&__goaway_id=fcc006a6049de816cd3303b8400b012f&__goaway_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F "Bot - Kleinmond Estuarine System"]. ''Ramsar Sites Information Service''. Retrieved 16 June 2026</ref> E tshelwa ke [[noka ya Swart]]. Noka e, e wela mo mafaratlhatlheng a G. == Leina == Leina la [[Seburu|Afrikaans]] la bot ke go kgaolwa ga leina botter. Le tswa mo go rekiseng botoro ga batho ba [[Khoekhoe]] kwa Kapa.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == nk1mzt4ztts6e24ksizw5t33fplj9pu 0 13666 50784 2026-06-16T09:55:18Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Swart #AW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Swart|location=[[Aforika Borwa]]|origin=Bokone jwa Caledon}} '''Noka ya Swart''' e simolola kwa Caledon, kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], e elelela kwa borwa bophirima, kwa e kopanang teng le noka ya Bot kwa bokone jwa Hermanus. == Metswedi == lw8my8lxcc0jmzrgm1l99r0kos8o8xw 0 13667 50785 2026-06-16T10:06:20Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Bloukrans #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Bloukrans''' ([[KwaZulu-Natal]]) e simolola kwa dithabeng tsa Emangosini kwa Njesuthi Drankensberg, kwa kgaolong ya KwaZulu-Natal kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E tswelela kwa bokone botlhaba, e feta motse wa Frere, go fitlhela e kopana le noka ya Tugela. Noka le le tse di e tshelang bontsi ga di na matamo, le ntswa go nosetsa le fa e se ga sepe go le teng go tswa kwa godimo. Leina la yone la pele la puo ya Dutch Blaauwekrans le ne le raya go nna le mmala o motala jwa loapi kwa kgaolong eo.<ref>du Plessis, E.J. (1973). ''Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername''. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. pp. 204–205, 281, 307. ISBN <bdi>0-[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-624-00273-X|624-00273-X]]</bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-624-00273-X|.]]</ref> Noka e e tshelang thata kwa Bloukrans ke noka ya Nyandu e yone e tshelwang ke Sterkspruit. Dinoka tse dingwe tse di tshelang mo yo yone ke ya Ududuma, Umsobotshe le Ubhubhu. Masimo a tekeletso a De Hoek a kwa godimo ga Klein-Blukrans. Noka ya Bloukrans e dikaganyeditswe ke noka ya Little Tugela kwa bophirima le noka ya Bushman kwa borwa, tsotlhe di tshela kwa [[Noka ya Tugela|nokeng ya Tugela]]. == Metswedi == pwhimrl67ru2h74tc6c9ehuh178z7kt 0 13668 50786 2026-06-16T10:45:00Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya nok ya Blyde #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Motlatse|river_name=Noka ya Blyde|image_name=BlydeRiverSouthAfrica (7).JPG|caption=Noka ya Motlatse e feta ka mokgatsha wa sandstone kwa tlase ga bokopano jwa Treur|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Bokopano jwa Blyde le Olifants|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Mpumalanga]] le [[Limpopo]]|elevation=2,000 m|mouth=[[Noka ya Olifants]]}} '''Noka ya Motlatse'''<ref>[https://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-2-15-olifants-river-lepelle-20557.html Olifants River now called Lepelle]</ref> (noka ya sennela ruri), '''Noka ya Blyde''' (ka teme ya Afrikaans: Blyderivier) kgotsa '''noka ya Umdhlazi'''<ref>[[:en:T._V._Bulpin|Bulpin, T.V.]] (2012). ''Lost Trails of the Lowveld''. Pretoria: Protea. p. 42. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-86919-555-7|<bdi>978-1-86919-555-7</bdi>.]]</ref> ke noka e e kwa [[Mpumalanga|Mpuamalanga]] le [[kgaolo ya Limpopo]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Motsamao wa yone ke go ya kwa bokone mo mekgatsheng ya Drankensberg kwa Mpumalanga, pele ga e tsena kgaolo e e kwa tlase ya Limpopo. E simolola di mithara di le dikete pedi kwa Hartebeeslvlakte, go ya bokone jwa Long Tom Pass. E elela go kgabaganya kanono ya noka ya Blyde. == Leina == Lefoko Blyde, le le rayang go itumela, go nna le boipelo kgotsa go ipela<ref>[[iarchive:DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames|"Dictionary of Southern African Place Names" by RE Raper - HSRC]]</ref> ka puo ya Dutch, e filwe leina ka nako loeto lwa voortrekker. Se se diragetse ka 1844 fa Hendrik Potgieter le ba bangwe ba boa ka pabalesego go tswa kwa Delagoa Bay go ya kwa go ba bangwe ba bone ba ba neng ba akanya fa ba tlhokafetse. Fa ba le mo loetong lo, ba ne ba file noka e e gaufi le kwa ba thibeletseng teng leina la Treurrivier kgotsa noka e e mo kutlobotlhokong. Leina Motlatse go bolelwa fa le tsile pele ga la Blyde, le raya noka e e nnang fela e tletse ka Sepulane.<ref>AENS (1 June 2005), [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425013837/http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dailysun/2005/06/01/DS/08/02.html "Blyde Canyon gets new name"], ''Daily Sun'', p. 8, archived from [http://152.111.1.87/argief/berigte/dailysun/2005/06/01/DS/08/02.html the original] on 25 April 2012</ref><ref>Jenkins, Elwyn (2007), ''Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names'', David Philip Publishers, p. 75</ref> == Lefelo == Lefelo la yone la dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le bobedi, dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi ke temo ya thekiso, sekete, makgolo a mararo, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe ke sekgwa.<ref name=":0">[[:en:International_Water_Management_Institute|International Water Management Institute (IWMI)]] (September 2008), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120403000026/http://www.waternetonline.ihe.nl/challengeprogram/AR15%20CP17-Baseline%20study%20Olifants.pdf Olifants River Basin in South Africa]'' (PDF), waternetonline, p. 37, archived from [http://www.waternetonline.ihe.nl/challengeprogram/AR15%20CP17-Baseline%20study%20Olifants.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2012-04-03</ref> Ditlhare tsa maungo le dimela di jwetswe mo lotshitshing lwa Blyde kwa tlase ka sedikadike sa dingwaga di le masome mabedi, ka diheketara di le dikete di le masome mabedi le boraro, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mabedi le motso e le la nosetso ka 1995.<ref name=":0" /> Lefelo la Mount Sheba Nature Reserve, Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve le Blyde-Olifants di sireletsa dikgaolo ste di farologaneng tsa lone. == Tse di tshelang mo go yone == Kwa Blyde River Canyon Nature Reserve e kopantshiwa ke dinoka di le mmalwa kgotsa melatswana. Noka ya Treur e kopana le Blyde kwa Bourke's Luck Potholes, kwa godimo ga noka. Kwa tlase e kopantshiwa ke Blevdere le Ga-nogakgolo. Pitsa e e fetlhang motlakase e e sa tlholeng e bereka ya Belvedere e kwa bokopanong jwa Blyde le Belvedere. Go tswa ka 1911<ref name=":1">[https://hydro4africa.net/rsa/belvedere.php "The Belvedere Day Walk".] ''Trails and walks''. Mpumalanga Parks Board. Retrieved 16 June 2026</ref> go tsena 1992 e ne e isa motlakase wa metsi kwa Pilgrim's Rest le metsana e e mabapi.<ref>Viljoen, Buks (17 March 2011). "'[https://web.archive.org/web/20131224222318/http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/2011/03/17/B3/6/Copy2ofbveksdom1750.html Sakesektor moet help met krag]'". ''Beeld''. Archived from [http://152.111.1.88/argief/berigte/beeld/2011/03/17/B3/6/Copy2ofbveksdom1750.html the original] on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.</ref> Tsela ya go tsamaya ka dinao ya dikhilomithara di le lesome e letla moeng go tsamaya mo lefelong leo.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131224221556/http://www.modernoverland.com/south-africa/mpumalanga/blyde-river-canyon/belvedere-day-hike/ "Belvedere Day Hike".] ''Blyde River Canyon: Sights & Activities''. modernoverland.com. Archived from [http://www.modernoverland.com/south-africa/mpumalanga/blyde-river-canyon/belvedere-day-hike/ the original] on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2026</ref> [[Noka ya Ohrigstad]] e kopana le noka ya Blyde kwa letamong la Blyderivierpoort. Noka e e fapoga ka mesele e e farologanneg fa e tsena kwa tlase. Noka ya Sandspruit ke yone fela e e botlhokwa ee tshelag kwa tlase, e se kgakala le bokopano jwa [[Noka ya Olifants( Western Cape)|noka ya Olifants]]. == Motsamao wa yone kwa tlase le seabe == Dinoka tsa Klein olifants, Steelpoort le Blyde ke dinoka tse di tshelang mo nokeng ya Olifants kwa borwa, e tsena kwa Kruger National Park le mafelo a a mabapi, e kgabaganye molelwane wa [[Mozambique]], kwa e elelelang mo letamong la Massingir. Seabe sa Blyde sa ngwaga le ngwaga kwa Olifants ke didikadike tsa dimithara di le makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le borataro jwa metsi,<ref name=":0" /><ref>WSAM database - Schultz and Watson, 2002</ref> e le selekanyo se se bonalang ka ntlha ya pula e ntsi le go tsewa ke phefo mo go seng kalo mo lefelong leo.<ref name=":0" /> == Mefuta ya ditlhapi == [[Setshwantsho:Fanie Botha hiking .jpg|thumb|Noka ya Blyde e simolola kwa Hartebeesvlakte]] Ditlhapi tsa mafatshe a sele di sthwana le Smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, brown trout le rainbow trout di teng mo nokeng e, di fokoditse bontsi jwa tlhapi ya noka ya Treur go di isa kwa godimo ga mafaratlhatlha a noka ya Blyde.<ref>Roux, F.; Hoffman, A. (2017). "''[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2572/100159826 Enteromius treurensis]''". ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Specie]]<nowiki/>s''. '''2017''' [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2572/100159826 e.T2572A100159826. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2572A100159826].en. Retrieved 16 June 2026</ref> Morago ga gore e busediwe fa e sena go bonwa ka dingwaga tsa 1970, jaanong di dintsi mo nokeng eo.<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160309021319/https://www.dwaf.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html "The Olifants River System, Ecoregions 4.03 & 4.05"]. ''State of the Rivers Report, South African River Health Programme''. Water Affairs. Archived from [http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco_4.03.html the original] on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2026</ref> Tlhapi ya Natal mountain catfish e teng e ikgapetse kwa thoko kwa Limpopo, mokgatsha wa Blevedere ke one fela o tlhapi ya Rosefin Barb e fitlhelwang teng mo mafaratlhatlheng a Limpopo.<ref name=":2" /> Tlhapi ya Smallscale yellowfish le largescale yellowfish di filthelwa gape kwa tlase ga noka.<ref>Maimela, Lerato T; Chimimba, Christian T; Zengeya, Tsungai A (2 January 2022). "The effect of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) invasions on native fish communities in the subtropical Blyde River, Mpumalanga province, South Africa". ''African Journal of Aquatic Science''. '''47''' (1): 78–87. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/16085914.2021.1949260 10.2989/16085914.2021.1949260.]</ref><ref>Roux, Francois (2006). ''Reproduction strategy of the smallscale yellowfish (Labeobarbus polylepis) and breeding behaviour in the Blyde and Spekboom Rivers'' (PhD thesis). University of Johannesburg</ref> == Metswedi == 9b45x4d9xditfban3utczdydra34cpg 0 13669 50787 2026-06-16T11:02:56Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Treur #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Blyde River Canyon, Bourke's Luck - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Treur kwa bokopanong le noka ya Blyde ]] '''Noka ya Treur''' (ka teme ya [[Seburu|Afrikaans]]: noka e e utluleng botlhoko) e e itsegeng gape ka leina la '''noka ya Sefogwane''' ke noka e nnyennyane kwa Drankensberg kwa kgaolong e e kwa botlhaba jwa kgaolo ya [[Mpumalanga]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Tsela ya dikoloi ya R532 e e kgabaganya gabedi. Kwa e simologang teng ke kwa nokeng ya Blyde Canyon Nature Reserve, le ntswa bontsi jwa motsamao wa yone e le kwa bophirima jwa lefelo le le sireleditsweng le. E tshela kwa [[Noka ya Blyde|nokeng ya Blyde]], ga e na dinoka tse di tshelang mo go yone. Go na le mafelo a le mabedi a kwa e tshelang teng kwa diphororong tsa Poe le kwa Bourke's Luck portholes. == Leina == Leina la Sepulana la noka ke Sefogwane. Lefoko Treur le raya go utlwa botlhoko<ref>[[iarchive:DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames|"Dictionary of Southern African Place Names" by RE Raper - HSRC]]</ref> ka puo ya Dutch, le filwe leina ka nako ya loeto lwa voortrekker. Ka ngwaga wa 1844, fa ba santse ba akanya gore Hendrik Potgieter le ba a neng a na le bone ba tlhokafetse mo loetong lwa bone go ya Delagoa Bay, masika a bone ba ba neng ba utlule botlhoko ba ne ba fa noka leina gaufi le kwa ba neng ba thibeletse teng ba re Treurivier kgotsa noka ya kutlo botlhoko. == Tlhapi ya Noka ya Treur == Noka ya Treur ke legae la tlhapi ya babore ya noka ya Treur, mofuta wa cyprinid e e bonwang fela kwa bokone jwa [[Mpumalanga]]. Go ne go akanngwa gore e ne e feditswe ke go tsena ga ditlhapi tsa mafatshe a sele, mme e ne ya bonwa gape kwa nokeng ya Blyde ka 1985. Babore ya noka ya Treur e ne ya busediwa gape mo nokeng eo.<ref>Engelbrecht, GD; Mulder, PFS; Mpherwane, SK (2001-01-01). "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/16085910109503722 Conservation genetics of the vulnerable Treur River barb, Barbus treurensis]". ''African Journal of Aquatic Science''. '''26''' (1): 39–44. Bibcode:2001AfJAS..26...39E. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/16085910109503722 10.2989/16085910109503722.] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1608-5914 1608-5914.]</ref> == Ditshwantsho == [[Setshwantsho:Watsonia Bella growing along the Treur River.png|left|thumb|Tlhaga ya Watsonia Bella e tlhoga mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Treur]] [[Setshwantsho:Treur River rock pool.jpg|center|thumb|Lekadiba la majwe kwa nokeng ya Treur]] == Metswedi == 83jnwujiokvyjqu571x9z0or99y9s5f 0 13670 50791 2026-06-16T11:55:57Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Kossou 50791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Kossou''' (French: Lac de Kossou) ke letsha le letona go a gaisa otlhe kwa [[Côte d'Ivoire.]] E mo [[Nokeng ya Bandama]] mo bogareng jwa naga eno. Ke letsha la maitirelo, le le dirilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boraro (1973) ka go thiba Noka ya Bandama kwa Kossou (Kossou Dam). Batho ba ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le botlhano ba Baoule ba ne ba patelediwa go fuduga mo lefelong le le gaufi le letsha leno. == Ditso == Letsha la Kossou le ne la bopiwa morago ga go agiwa ga Kossou Dam go kgabaganya Noka ya Bandama e e neng ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boraro ( 1973).<ref name=":0">[http://globalenergyobservatory.org/form.php?pid=42577 "Kossou Hydroelectric Power Plant, Cote d'Ivoire".] Global Energy Observatory. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2019.</ref> Tiro ya kago ya Kossou Dam e ne ya wediwa ka fa tlase ga kemonokeng ya United Nations Development Programme, setheo se se amegang e le Authorite de Valle du Bandama (ADV). E ne e akaretsa go fudusa batho ba le dikete tse masome a supa le botlhano go tswa kwa mafelong a makgolo a mabedi go ya kwa metsaneng e le masome a matlhano le bone e mesha e e neng ya agiwa ke ADV, e le masome a mararo le bobedi kwa kgaolong ya sekgwa le masome a mabedi le bobedi kwa kgaolong ya savanna. Batho ba le diketet tse masome a mabedi le bobedi ba ne ba fudusiwa pele metsi a simolola go tsewa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bongwe (1971). <ref name=":1">Scudder, Thayer (2018). [https://books.google.com/books?id=irNwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 ''Large Dams: Long Term Impacts on Riverine Communities and Free Flowing Rivers''.] Springer. pp. 84–99. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9789811325502|<bdi>9789811325502</bdi>.]]</ref> Letamo leno le dirilwe ka mmu le maje mme le boleele jwa dimetara di ka nna 1.500. Metsi ano a a kgobokantsweng a naya madirelo a motlakase wa metsi maatla a a ka dirang dimekawate di le lekgolo le masome a supa la bone. Fa e tletse, letsha le tla nna le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le borataro (676 ft) godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle, boleele jwa dikilimetara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi (112 mi) le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mane le botlhano (28 mi), bogolo jwa 1,855 km2 (716 mi2) le bokgoni jwa 28.8×109 m3 (1.017×1012 ft3).<ref name=":0" /> Mo godimo ga go tlhagisa motlakase, go dirwa ga letsha leno go ne go ikaeletse go rotloetsa batho ba lefelo leo gore ba nne mo lefelong leno le go dirisa metsi go nosetsa dijalo tsa bone, mme gape go ne go solofetswe gore go tla nna le madirelo a go tshwara ditlhapi. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975) letsha le ne la fitlha kwa bogodimong jwa lone jo bo kwa godimo ga lewatle jwa dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe le boraro (633 ft), ka nako eo boalo jwa lone e ne e le 50% ya bokgoni jwa lone jo bo feletseng. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994) e ne ya se ka ya atologa gape ka ntlha ya go fokotsega ga pula mo kgaolong ya yone, le go gogiwa ga metsi ka mekgokolosa e e kwa godimo ga noka. <ref name=":2">van der Knaap, Martin (1994). [http://www.fao.org/3/V4110E/V4110E03.htm "Cote d'Ivoire: Kossou Reservoir".] ''Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs''. FAO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190620005526/http://www.fao.org/3/V4110E/V4110E03.htm Archived] from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.</ref> Pula e e neng e na mo lefelong le le neng le na le metsi e ne ya tswelela go nna kwa tlase ga palogare ya nako e telele, mme lefelo la letsha le ne la nna mo e ka nnang 50% ya se se neng se solofetswe; balemirui ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba fudusitswe ba ne ba busetsa lefatshe la bone.<ref name=":1" />: Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983), komelelo e e masisi le melelo e megolo ya naga e ne ya senya dijalo le masimo a kofi le cacao gaufi le letsha, e leng se se neng sa baka tatlhegelo e tona ya itsholelo.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), porojeke ya go dira photovoltaic solar scheme e e kokobalang mo godimo ga letsha e ne e sekasekwa. E tla nna le maatla a a tsentsweng a magareng ga lesome le masome a mabedi le megawatts. <ref>[https://www.africa-energy.com/article/c%C3%B4te-d%E2%80%99ivoire-afd-seeks-studies-floating-solar-project-lake-kossou "Côte d'Ivoire: AFD seeks studies of floating solar project on Lake Kossou".] African Energy. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.</ref> == Diphologolo tsa naga == Karolo ya ntlha ya letsha e ne e le go gola ga palo e kgolo ya dikhabetšhe tsa metsi tse di tlhaselang (Pistia stratiotes) mo godimo ga metsi. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xUBzOhOJYKsC ''FAO Plant Protection Bulletin''.] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1972.</ref> Go na le dinonyane tsa noka le diphologolo tse dingwe tsa mo metsing mo letsheng, mme palo e e oketsegang ya dinonyane e ile ya begwa e nna fano kgotsa e etela lefelo leno.<ref>Hughes, R.H. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA350 ''A Directory of African Wetlands''.] IUCN. p. 350. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-88032-949-5|<bdi>978-2-88032-949-5</bdi>.]]</ref> Pele ga go agiwa letamo leno, mefuta ya ditlhapi e e neng e le teng mo nokeng eno e ne e le Labeo coubie le Alestes rutilus, mme Tilapia zillii e ne e fitlhelwa mo metsing a a didimetseng. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano ( 1975), mefuta e e neng e tshwarwa mo letsheng e ne e akaretsa Nile perch (Lates niloticus), Distichodus rostratus, Alestes baremoze, Brycinus nurse, Labeo senegalensis, Pellonula afzeliusi, butter catfish ya Afrika (Schilbe mystus) le mudfish (Clarias anguillaris).<ref name=":2" /> kpksgu2fmxa0az2qs2uw0rl772z4so2