Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3116 50873 31499 2026-06-18T05:14:35Z ~2026-35388-78 12886 bogadi 50873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Bogadi]] ke tebogo e e fiwang boora mosetsana gotswa koo rramosimane pele ga bobedi bo tsena mo nyalong.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/bogadi-is-not-given-to-thank-the-brideocos-family/ Bogadi is not given to thank the bride’s family] Retrieved date: 26.10.2022</ref>bogadi bo supa fa o leboga bagwagadi go bo ba go tlhokomeletse le go mo godisetsa gore a tle o mo nyale.Se se supa gore o a bo o sa reke ngwana wa bone o a bo o ba leboga gore go tle go nne le tswaragano mmogo ga gare ga malwapa a kwa go rramonna le kwa rramosetsana Bogadi bo farologana le tsamaiso ya tlwaelo ya go duela ka madi. Ka gore mo tuelong ya madi boorra monna yo nyalang ba duela madi ko go boorra mosadi yoo nyalwang, bogadi ke fa botsadi jwa mosadi yo nyalwang bo neela botsadi jwa monna yo o nyalang dimpho ele ka ntlha ya mosadi yo o nyalwang. Mme le fa go tshwana bogadi ke dilwana tse di ntshiwang ke monna yo nyalang a di ntshetsa mosadi yo a mo nyalang ka nako ya lenyalo, tse di salang dile mo taolong ya ene mosadi yoo nyalwang. == Metswedi == gzezl7suzrqq05dmyylloldxfybrfmd 0 11530 50888 48098 2026-06-18T10:41:40Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 /* */ Fixed typos and inserted proper Setswana words. 50888 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Lake_Ngami|Letsha la Ngami]]''' ke letsha le le senang tsela ya metsi go ya lewatleng mo [[Botswana]], kwa bokone jwa [[sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Le tladiwa ka dipaka ke Noka ya Taughe, motswedi wa [[Noka ya Okavango]] yo tswang mo tsamaisong ya noka ya Okavango mo letlhakoreng la bophirima la [[Okavango Delta]]. Ke nngwe ya masalela a a kgaoganeng a Letsha la bogologolo la [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|Makgadikgadi]]. Le fa letsha le le ngotlegile thata go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a le boferababobedi le masome a le borobabongwe (1890), le sa ntse e le lefelo le go nnang dinonyane le diphologolo tsa naga, segolobogolo mo dingwageng tsa morwalela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040606092932/https://wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 "Okavango Flood Update - June 04"]. ''www.wilderness-safaris.com''. 1 June 2004. Archived from [http://www.wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 the original] on 6 June 2004.</ref> == Maeto == Letsha la Ngami le ne le na le baeng ba le bantsi ba ba tumileng mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabongwe (le go tsena mo lekgolong la bomasome mabedi) la dingwaga. Ka 1849 [[David Livingstone]] o ne a e tlhalosa e le "letsha le le phatsimang, le le boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a mararo (130m) le bophara jwa dikilometara di le 30". Livingstone gape o ne a dira dintlha di le mmalwa tsa setso ka batho ba ba nnang mo lefelong leo; o ne a lemoga gore ba na le kgang e e tshwanang le ya [[Tora ya Babele]], ntle le gore ditlhogo tsa baagi di ne di "phatlogile ka ntlha ya go wa ga [[sekhafole"]] (''Missionary Travels'', kgaolo ya masome mabedi le borataro). Sengwe sa ditshwantsho se itsege se dirilwe mo motheong wa seketšhe sa ga Rre Alfred Ryder (1825-1850), morwa wa motaki William Mills Rider (1795 - 1841), lekawana la Moesemane le le neng le etetse Letsha la Ngami dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela pele Livingstone a goroga koo. O ne a tlhokafala fa a le mo tseleng a boa. Ryder o ne a dirile seketšhe sa letsha mme le fa se ne se tlogetswe se sa felelediwa, Livingstone o ne a tlhotlheletsa Mme Ryder go se adima go dira setshwantsho sa buka ya gagwe.Kwa ntle ga go kopolola pono ya letsha ka kelotlhoko, motaki yo o thapilweng ke Murray o ne a kopiwa go tsenya setlhopha sa lelapa mo setshwantshong go se dira gore se kgone go tshwantshiwa.<ref>8 Letter from Livingstone to J. J. Freeman, Kolobeng, 24 Aug 1850 quoted in Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1961: 153, note 4. Also see Livigstone’s letter to John Murray, 4 Feb [1857], National Library of Scotland, David Livingstone Papers, Ms 10779/12a.</ref><ref>Travels And Researches In South Africa By David Livingstone 1857: “Missionary travels and Researches in South Africa Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence across the Continent, Down the River Zambezi, to the Eastern Ocean”. By David Livingstone, L.L.D..D.C.L., Fellow of the faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow; Corresponding Member of the Geographical and Statistical Society of New York; Gold medallist and Corresponding Member of the Royal geographical Societies of London and Paris F.S.A., Etc, Etc</ref><ref>Tait's Edinburgh magazine - Volume 24 - Page 727: "The missionary travelled 60 miles to administer relief, but he arrived after Mr Alfred Rider a young artist to at penetrated Africa to Sketch its scenery had perished. The volume contains a sketch of Ngami engraved from his drawing, which was unfinished at his death.</ref> [[Charles John Andersson]] (yo o gatisitseng ''[[Lake Ngami; or, Explorations and Discoveries during Four Years' Wanderings in the Wilds of Southwestern Africa]]'' ka 1856) le [[Frederick Thomas Green]] le bone ba ne ba etela lefelo leo mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1850. [[Frederick Lugard]] o ne a etelelela pele letsholo la Maborithane go ya kwa letsheng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabongwe le borataro (1896). [[Arnold Weinholt Hodson]] o ne a feta mo lefelong leno mo loetong lwa gagwe go tswa kwa [[Serowe]] go ya kwa [[Victoria Falls]] ka sekete makgolo a robabongwe le borataro (1906). [[Ngami Lacuna]], e leng letsha la methane le le mo ngweding wa [[Saturn]] e leng [[Titan]], le biditswe ka letsha leno. == Metswedi == <references /> == Tsa kwa ntle == * Bala dikgang tsa beke le beke tsa selegae mo [https://web.archive.org/web/20100410145852/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ The Ngami Times]. * Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ngami" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 641fl2f8fupv8k65v6rm8294dtn0qm7 50891 50888 2026-06-18T11:02:10Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 /* Maeto */ Fixed typos, used proper Setswana words 50891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Lake_Ngami|Letsha la Ngami]]''' ke letsha le le senang tsela ya metsi go ya lewatleng mo [[Botswana]], kwa bokone jwa [[sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Le tladiwa ka dipaka ke Noka ya Taughe, motswedi wa [[Noka ya Okavango]] yo tswang mo tsamaisong ya noka ya Okavango mo letlhakoreng la bophirima la [[Okavango Delta]]. Ke nngwe ya masalela a a kgaoganeng a Letsha la bogologolo la [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|Makgadikgadi]]. Le fa letsha le le ngotlegile thata go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a le boferababobedi le masome a le borobabongwe (1890), le sa ntse e le lefelo le go nnang dinonyane le diphologolo tsa naga, segolobogolo mo dingwageng tsa morwalela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040606092932/https://wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 "Okavango Flood Update - June 04"]. ''www.wilderness-safaris.com''. 1 June 2004. Archived from [http://www.wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 the original] on 6 June 2004.</ref> == Maeto == Letsha la Ngami le ne le na le baeng ba le bantsi ba ba tumileng mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabongwe (le go tsena mo lekgolong la bomasome mabedi) la dingwaga. Ka 1849 [[David Livingstone]] o ne a e tlhalosa e le "letsha le le phatsimang, le le boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a mararo (130m) le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo". Livingstone gape o ne a dira dintlha di le mmalwa tsa setso ka batho ba ba nnang mo lefelong leo; o ne a lemoga gore ba na le polelo e e tshwanang le ya [[Tora ya Babele]], ntle le gore ditlhogo tsa baagi di ne di "phatlogile ka ntlha ya go wa ga [[didirisiwa tsa kago "]] (''Missionary Travels'', kgaolo ya masome a mabedi le borataro). Sengwe sa ditshwantsho se itsege se dirilwe mo motheong wa go tshwantsha wa ga Rre Alfred Ryder (1825-1850), morwa wa motaki William Mills Rider (1795 - 1841), lekawana la letso la sekgoa le le neng le etetse Letsha la Ngami dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela pele Livingstone a goroga koo. O ile a tlhokafala fa a le mo tseleng a boa. Ryder o ne a dirile setshwantsho sa letsha mme le fa se ne se tlogetswe se sa felelediwa, Livingstone o ne a dira gore Mme Ryder a dumalane go se mo adima go dira tshupegetso mo bukeng ya gagwe.Kwa ntle ga go kopolola pono ya letsha ka kelotlhoko, motaki yo o thapilweng ke Murray o ne a kopiwa go tsenya balelapa mo setshwantshong go se dira maleba thata go tsamaelana le maikaelelo a ga Livingstone .<ref>8 Letter from Livingstone to J. J. Freeman, Kolobeng, 24 Aug 1850 quoted in Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1961: 153, note 4. Also see Livigstone’s letter to John Murray, 4 Feb [1857], National Library of Scotland, David Livingstone Papers, Ms 10779/12a.</ref><ref>Travels And Researches In South Africa By David Livingstone 1857: “Missionary travels and Researches in South Africa Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence across the Continent, Down the River Zambezi, to the Eastern Ocean”. By David Livingstone, L.L.D..D.C.L., Fellow of the faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow; Corresponding Member of the Geographical and Statistical Society of New York; Gold medallist and Corresponding Member of the Royal geographical Societies of London and Paris F.S.A., Etc, Etc</ref><ref>Tait's Edinburgh magazine - Volume 24 - Page 727: "The missionary travelled 60 miles to administer relief, but he arrived after Mr Alfred Rider a young artist to at penetrated Africa to Sketch its scenery had perished. The volume contains a sketch of Ngami engraved from his drawing, which was unfinished at his death.</ref> [[Charles John Andersson]] (yo o gatisitseng ''[[Lake Ngami; or, Explorations and Discoveries during Four Years' Wanderings in the Wilds of Southwestern Africa]]'' ka 1856) le [[Frederick Thomas Green]] le bone ba ne ba etela lefelo leo mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1850. [[Frederick Lugard]] o ne a etelelela pele letsholo la Maborithane go ya kwa letsheng ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabongwe le borataro (1896). [[Arnold Weinholt Hodson]] o ne a feta mo lefelong leno mo loetong lwa gagwe go tswa kwa [[Serowe]] go ya kwa [[Victoria Falls]] ka sekete makgolo a robabongwe le borataro (1906). [[Ngami Lacuna]], e leng letsha la methane le le mo ngweding wa [[Saturn]] e leng [[Titan]], le biditswe ka letsha leno. == Metswedi == <references /> == Tsa kwa ntle == * Bala dikgang tsa beke le beke tsa selegae mo [https://web.archive.org/web/20100410145852/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ The Ngami Times]. * Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ngami" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 59acrvso4mxp4lbyg0na3agw07r272m 50892 50891 2026-06-18T11:08:50Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 /* Maeto */ translated to proper Setswana 50892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Lake_Ngami|Letsha la Ngami]]''' ke letsha le le senang tsela ya metsi go ya lewatleng mo [[Botswana]], kwa bokone jwa [[sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Le tladiwa ka dipaka ke Noka ya Taughe, motswedi wa [[Noka ya Okavango]] yo tswang mo tsamaisong ya noka ya Okavango mo letlhakoreng la bophirima la [[Okavango Delta]]. Ke nngwe ya masalela a a kgaoganeng a Letsha la bogologolo la [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|Makgadikgadi]]. Le fa letsha le le ngotlegile thata go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a le boferababobedi le masome a le borobabongwe (1890), le sa ntse e le lefelo le go nnang dinonyane le diphologolo tsa naga, segolobogolo mo dingwageng tsa morwalela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040606092932/https://wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 "Okavango Flood Update - June 04"]. ''www.wilderness-safaris.com''. 1 June 2004. Archived from [http://www.wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 the original] on 6 June 2004.</ref> == Maeto == Letsha la Ngami le ne le na le baeng ba le bantsi ba ba tumileng mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabongwe (le go tsena mo lekgolong la bomasome mabedi) la dingwaga. Ka 1849 [[David Livingstone]] o ne a e tlhalosa e le "letsha le le phatsimang, le le boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a mararo (130m) le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo". Livingstone gape o ne a dira dintlha di le mmalwa tsa setso ka batho ba ba nnang mo lefelong leo; o ne a lemoga gore ba na le polelo e e tshwanang le ya [[Tora ya Babele]], ntle le gore ditlhogo tsa baagi di ne di "phatlogile ka ntlha ya go wa ga [[didirisiwa tsa kago "]] (''Missionary Travels'', kgaolo ya masome a mabedi le borataro). Sengwe sa ditshwantsho se itsege se dirilwe mo motheong wa go tshwantsha wa ga Rre Alfred Ryder (1825-1850), morwa wa motaki William Mills Rider (1795 - 1841), lekawana la letso la sekgoa le le neng le etetse Letsha la Ngami dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela pele Livingstone a goroga koo. O ile a tlhokafala fa a le mo tseleng a boa. Ryder o ne a dirile setshwantsho sa letsha mme le fa se ne se tlogetswe se sa felelediwa, Livingstone o ne a dira gore Mme Ryder a dumalane go se mo adima go dira tshupegetso mo bukeng ya gagwe.Kwa ntle ga go kopolola pono ya letsha ka kelotlhoko, motaki yo o thapilweng ke Murray o ne a kopiwa go tsenya balelapa mo setshwantshong go se dira maleba thata go tsamaelana le maikaelelo a ga Livingstone .<ref>8 Letter from Livingstone to J. J. Freeman, Kolobeng, 24 Aug 1850 quoted in Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1961: 153, note 4. Also see Livigstone’s letter to John Murray, 4 Feb [1857], National Library of Scotland, David Livingstone Papers, Ms 10779/12a.</ref><ref>Travels And Researches In South Africa By David Livingstone 1857: “Missionary travels and Researches in South Africa Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence across the Continent, Down the River Zambezi, to the Eastern Ocean”. By David Livingstone, L.L.D..D.C.L., Fellow of the faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow; Corresponding Member of the Geographical and Statistical Society of New York; Gold medallist and Corresponding Member of the Royal geographical Societies of London and Paris F.S.A., Etc, Etc</ref><ref>Tait's Edinburgh magazine - Volume 24 - Page 727: "The missionary travelled 60 miles to administer relief, but he arrived after Mr Alfred Rider a young artist to at penetrated Africa to Sketch its scenery had perished. The volume contains a sketch of Ngami engraved from his drawing, which was unfinished at his death.</ref> [[Charles John Andersson]] (yo o gatisitseng ''[[Lake Ngami; or, Explorations and Discoveries during Four Years' Wanderings in the Wilds of Southwestern Africa]]'' ka 1856) le [[Frederick Thomas Green]] le bone ba ne ba etela lefelo le mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1850. [[Frederick Lugard]] o ne a etelelela pele letsholo la Maborithane go ya kwa letsheng le ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a le boferabobedi, masome a le borobabongwe le borataro (1896). [[Arnold Weinholt Hodson]] o ne a feta mo lefelong le mo loetong lwa gagwe go tswa kwa [[Serowe]] go ya kwa [[Victoria Falls]] ka ngwaga wa sekete lemakgolo a le borobabongwe le borataro (1906). [[Ngami Lacuna]], e leng letsha la gase ya methane le le mo ngweding wa [[Saturn]] e leng [[Titan]], le biditswe ka letsha le. == Metswedi == <references /> == Tsa kwa ntle == * Bala dikgang tsa beke le beke tsa selegae mo [https://web.archive.org/web/20100410145852/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ The Ngami Times]. * Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ngami" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. t50s28ifv1chpppjmkuufslophz6zor 50896 50892 2026-06-18T11:35:56Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 /* Metswedi */ Added references. 50896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Lake_Ngami|Letsha la Ngami]]''' ke letsha le le senang tsela ya metsi go ya lewatleng mo [[Botswana]], kwa bokone jwa [[sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Le tladiwa ka dipaka ke Noka ya Taughe, motswedi wa [[Noka ya Okavango]] yo tswang mo tsamaisong ya noka ya Okavango mo letlhakoreng la bophirima la [[Okavango Delta]]. Ke nngwe ya masalela a a kgaoganeng a Letsha la bogologolo la [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|Makgadikgadi]]. Le fa letsha le le ngotlegile thata go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a le boferababobedi le masome a le borobabongwe (1890), le sa ntse e le lefelo le go nnang dinonyane le diphologolo tsa naga, segolobogolo mo dingwageng tsa morwalela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040606092932/https://wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 "Okavango Flood Update - June 04"]. ''www.wilderness-safaris.com''. 1 June 2004. Archived from [http://www.wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 the original] on 6 June 2004.</ref> == Maeto == Letsha la Ngami le ne le na le baeng ba le bantsi ba ba tumileng mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabongwe (le go tsena mo lekgolong la bomasome mabedi) la dingwaga. Ka 1849 [[David Livingstone]] o ne a e tlhalosa e le "letsha le le phatsimang, le le boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a mararo (130m) le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo". Livingstone gape o ne a dira dintlha di le mmalwa tsa setso ka batho ba ba nnang mo lefelong leo; o ne a lemoga gore ba na le polelo e e tshwanang le ya [[Tora ya Babele]], ntle le gore ditlhogo tsa baagi di ne di "phatlogile ka ntlha ya go wa ga [[didirisiwa tsa kago "]] (''Missionary Travels'', kgaolo ya masome a mabedi le borataro). Sengwe sa ditshwantsho se itsege se dirilwe mo motheong wa go tshwantsha wa ga Rre Alfred Ryder (1825-1850), morwa wa motaki William Mills Rider (1795 - 1841), lekawana la letso la sekgoa le le neng le etetse Letsha la Ngami dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela pele Livingstone a goroga koo. O ile a tlhokafala fa a le mo tseleng a boa. Ryder o ne a dirile setshwantsho sa letsha mme le fa se ne se tlogetswe se sa felelediwa, Livingstone o ne a dira gore Mme Ryder a dumalane go se mo adima go dira tshupegetso mo bukeng ya gagwe.Kwa ntle ga go kopolola pono ya letsha ka kelotlhoko, motaki yo o thapilweng ke Murray o ne a kopiwa go tsenya balelapa mo setshwantshong go se dira maleba thata go tsamaelana le maikaelelo a ga Livingstone .<ref>8 Letter from Livingstone to J. J. Freeman, Kolobeng, 24 Aug 1850 quoted in Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1961: 153, note 4. Also see Livigstone’s letter to John Murray, 4 Feb [1857], National Library of Scotland, David Livingstone Papers, Ms 10779/12a.</ref><ref>Travels And Researches In South Africa By David Livingstone 1857: “Missionary travels and Researches in South Africa Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence across the Continent, Down the River Zambezi, to the Eastern Ocean”. By David Livingstone, L.L.D..D.C.L., Fellow of the faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow; Corresponding Member of the Geographical and Statistical Society of New York; Gold medallist and Corresponding Member of the Royal geographical Societies of London and Paris F.S.A., Etc, Etc</ref><ref>Tait's Edinburgh magazine - Volume 24 - Page 727: "The missionary travelled 60 miles to administer relief, but he arrived after Mr Alfred Rider a young artist to at penetrated Africa to Sketch its scenery had perished. The volume contains a sketch of Ngami engraved from his drawing, which was unfinished at his death.</ref> [[Charles John Andersson]] (yo o gatisitseng ''[[Lake Ngami; or, Explorations and Discoveries during Four Years' Wanderings in the Wilds of Southwestern Africa]]'' ka 1856) le [[Frederick Thomas Green]] le bone ba ne ba etela lefelo le mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1850. [[Frederick Lugard]] o ne a etelelela pele letsholo la Maborithane go ya kwa letsheng le ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a le boferabobedi, masome a le borobabongwe le borataro (1896). [[Arnold Weinholt Hodson]] o ne a feta mo lefelong le mo loetong lwa gagwe go tswa kwa [[Serowe]] go ya kwa [[Victoria Falls]] ka ngwaga wa sekete lemakgolo a le borobabongwe le borataro (1906). [[Ngami Lacuna]], e leng letsha la gase ya methane le le mo ngweding wa [[Saturn]] e leng [[Titan]], le biditswe ka letsha le. == Metswedi == <references /> 1.Dikgang tsa Morwalela wa Okavango - Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le mane. http://www.wilderness-safaris.com. Seetebosigo a le letsatsi, 2004. E bolokilwe go tswa mo go ya ntlha ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le borataro, 2004. 2.Lekwalo le le tswang go Livingstone go ya go J. J. Freeman, Kolobeng, Phatwe a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone, 1850 le nopotswe mo go Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1961: leqephana 153, ntlha ya bone. Bona gape lekwalo la ga Livingstone go John Murray, Tlhakole a le malatsi a le mane, Motlobo wa Lefatshe la Scotland,dipampiri tsa ga David Livingstone , Ms 10779/12a._[1857] 3.Maeto le Dipatlisiso mo Aforika Borwa ka David Livingstone 1857: Maeto a Moruti le Dipatlisiso mo Aforika Borwa Go Akaretsa Setshwantsho sa Dingwaga di le lesome le borataro tsa Go Nna mo Gare ga Aforika, le Leeto go tswa kwa Kapa wa Good Hope go ya Loanda kwa lebopong la lewatle la Bophirima; Fa go tswa gone go ralala lefatshe, go ya kwa tlase ga noka ya Zambezi, go fitlha kwa lewatleng la Botlhabatsatsi. 4. Bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ga Tait ya Edinburgh - Buka ya masome a mabedi- Tsebe 727: Moruti yo o ne a tsamaile dikilometara di le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro go thusa batho, mme o ne a fitlha morago ga Rre Alfred Rider motaki wa monana yo o neng a tsene mo Aforika go taka mafelo a lone a neng a nyeletse. Buka e na le setshwantsho sa Ngami go tswa mo ditshwantshong tsa gagwe, se se neng se sa fela ka nako ya loso lwa gagwe. == Tsa kwa ntle == * Bala dikgang tsa beke le beke tsa selegae mo [https://web.archive.org/web/20100410145852/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ The Ngami Times]. * Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ngami" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ts5m56z19iz1dib3lv8pwfw861v6sri 50898 50896 2026-06-18T11:38:02Z Khumo Batolomi 11767 /* Tsa kwa ntle */ Proper Setswana translation 50898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Lake_Ngami|Letsha la Ngami]]''' ke letsha le le senang tsela ya metsi go ya lewatleng mo [[Botswana]], kwa bokone jwa [[sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Le tladiwa ka dipaka ke Noka ya Taughe, motswedi wa [[Noka ya Okavango]] yo tswang mo tsamaisong ya noka ya Okavango mo letlhakoreng la bophirima la [[Okavango Delta]]. Ke nngwe ya masalela a a kgaoganeng a Letsha la bogologolo la [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|Makgadikgadi]]. Le fa letsha le le ngotlegile thata go simolola ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a le boferababobedi le masome a le borobabongwe (1890), le sa ntse e le lefelo le go nnang dinonyane le diphologolo tsa naga, segolobogolo mo dingwageng tsa morwalela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040606092932/https://wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 "Okavango Flood Update - June 04"]. ''www.wilderness-safaris.com''. 1 June 2004. Archived from [http://www.wilderness-safaris.com/news/detail.jsp?newsitem_id=6466 the original] on 6 June 2004.</ref> == Maeto == Letsha la Ngami le ne le na le baeng ba le bantsi ba ba tumileng mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabongwe (le go tsena mo lekgolong la bomasome mabedi) la dingwaga. Ka 1849 [[David Livingstone]] o ne a e tlhalosa e le "letsha le le phatsimang, le le boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a mararo (130m) le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo". Livingstone gape o ne a dira dintlha di le mmalwa tsa setso ka batho ba ba nnang mo lefelong leo; o ne a lemoga gore ba na le polelo e e tshwanang le ya [[Tora ya Babele]], ntle le gore ditlhogo tsa baagi di ne di "phatlogile ka ntlha ya go wa ga [[didirisiwa tsa kago "]] (''Missionary Travels'', kgaolo ya masome a mabedi le borataro). Sengwe sa ditshwantsho se itsege se dirilwe mo motheong wa go tshwantsha wa ga Rre Alfred Ryder (1825-1850), morwa wa motaki William Mills Rider (1795 - 1841), lekawana la letso la sekgoa le le neng le etetse Letsha la Ngami dikgwedi di le mmalwa fela pele Livingstone a goroga koo. O ile a tlhokafala fa a le mo tseleng a boa. Ryder o ne a dirile setshwantsho sa letsha mme le fa se ne se tlogetswe se sa felelediwa, Livingstone o ne a dira gore Mme Ryder a dumalane go se mo adima go dira tshupegetso mo bukeng ya gagwe.Kwa ntle ga go kopolola pono ya letsha ka kelotlhoko, motaki yo o thapilweng ke Murray o ne a kopiwa go tsenya balelapa mo setshwantshong go se dira maleba thata go tsamaelana le maikaelelo a ga Livingstone .<ref>8 Letter from Livingstone to J. J. Freeman, Kolobeng, 24 Aug 1850 quoted in Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1961: 153, note 4. Also see Livigstone’s letter to John Murray, 4 Feb [1857], National Library of Scotland, David Livingstone Papers, Ms 10779/12a.</ref><ref>Travels And Researches In South Africa By David Livingstone 1857: “Missionary travels and Researches in South Africa Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years Residence in the Interior of Africa, and a Journey from cape of Good Hope to Loanda on the West Coast; Thence across the Continent, Down the River Zambezi, to the Eastern Ocean”. By David Livingstone, L.L.D..D.C.L., Fellow of the faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow; Corresponding Member of the Geographical and Statistical Society of New York; Gold medallist and Corresponding Member of the Royal geographical Societies of London and Paris F.S.A., Etc, Etc</ref><ref>Tait's Edinburgh magazine - Volume 24 - Page 727: "The missionary travelled 60 miles to administer relief, but he arrived after Mr Alfred Rider a young artist to at penetrated Africa to Sketch its scenery had perished. The volume contains a sketch of Ngami engraved from his drawing, which was unfinished at his death.</ref> [[Charles John Andersson]] (yo o gatisitseng ''[[Lake Ngami; or, Explorations and Discoveries during Four Years' Wanderings in the Wilds of Southwestern Africa]]'' ka 1856) le [[Frederick Thomas Green]] le bone ba ne ba etela lefelo le mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo1850. [[Frederick Lugard]] o ne a etelelela pele letsholo la Maborithane go ya kwa letsheng le ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a le boferabobedi, masome a le borobabongwe le borataro (1896). [[Arnold Weinholt Hodson]] o ne a feta mo lefelong le mo loetong lwa gagwe go tswa kwa [[Serowe]] go ya kwa [[Victoria Falls]] ka ngwaga wa sekete lemakgolo a le borobabongwe le borataro (1906). [[Ngami Lacuna]], e leng letsha la gase ya methane le le mo ngweding wa [[Saturn]] e leng [[Titan]], le biditswe ka letsha le. == Metswedi == <references /> 1.Dikgang tsa Morwalela wa Okavango - Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le mane. http://www.wilderness-safaris.com. Seetebosigo a le letsatsi, 2004. E bolokilwe go tswa mo go ya ntlha ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le borataro, 2004. 2.Lekwalo le le tswang go Livingstone go ya go J. J. Freeman, Kolobeng, Phatwe a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bone, 1850 le nopotswe mo go Livingstone’s Missionary Correspondence 1961: leqephana 153, ntlha ya bone. Bona gape lekwalo la ga Livingstone go John Murray, Tlhakole a le malatsi a le mane, Motlobo wa Lefatshe la Scotland,dipampiri tsa ga David Livingstone , Ms 10779/12a._[1857] 3.Maeto le Dipatlisiso mo Aforika Borwa ka David Livingstone 1857: Maeto a Moruti le Dipatlisiso mo Aforika Borwa Go Akaretsa Setshwantsho sa Dingwaga di le lesome le borataro tsa Go Nna mo Gare ga Aforika, le Leeto go tswa kwa Kapa wa Good Hope go ya Loanda kwa lebopong la lewatle la Bophirima; Fa go tswa gone go ralala lefatshe, go ya kwa tlase ga noka ya Zambezi, go fitlha kwa lewatleng la Botlhabatsatsi. 4. Bukana ya ditshwantsho ya ga Tait ya Edinburgh - Buka ya masome a mabedi- Tsebe 727: Moruti yo o ne a tsamaile dikilometara di le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro go thusa batho, mme o ne a fitlha morago ga Rre Alfred Rider motaki wa monana yo o neng a tsene mo Aforika go taka mafelo a lone a neng a nyeletse. Buka e na le setshwantsho sa Ngami go tswa mo ditshwantshong tsa gagwe, se se neng se sa fela ka nako ya loso lwa gagwe. == Tsa kwa ntle == * Bala dikgang tsa beke le beke tsa selegae mo [https://web.archive.org/web/20100410145852/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ The Ngami Times]. * Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ngami" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Kgatiso ya Cambridge University . 8kfmo0884k12a6u3uvb1r10lgc4umzf 0 13391 50845 50294 2026-06-17T12:33:10Z JudithShe 9421 Ke golagantse ditsebe tse dingwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Vaal''' le ko [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]] le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1938 letamo le le masome a supa le bosupa(77 km) kwa borwa jwa Lebala la Difofane jwa OR Tambo, [[Johannesburg]]. Letsha le le ka fa morago ga lebota la letamo le na le bogolo jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi (320) (120 sq mi)<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/orange/Vaal/vaaldam.htm "VAAL DAM"]. Department of Water Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2009</ref> mme le boteng jwa dimitara di le masome a mabedi le bosupa (47). Letamo la Vaal le mo [[Noka ya Vaal|Nokeng ya Vaal]], e e leng nngwe ya dinoka tse di elelang thata mo Aferika Borwa. Dinoka tse dingwe tse di elelang mo letamong ke [[Noka ya Wilge]], Molspruit le Grootspruit.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/vaal.htm Vaal (reservoir)] Archived 22 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine</ref>E na le dikilometara di feta makgolo a ferabobedi (800) (500 mi) tsa lebopo mme ke letamo la bobedi le le tona mo Aferika Borwa ka botona le la bone ka botona. == Ditso == Kago ya Letamo la Vaal e simolotse ka nako ya kgatelelo ya maikutlo ya ntlha ya dingwaga tsa bo masome a mararo(30), mme letamo le ne la fela ka ngwaga wa 1938 ka godimo lebota le dimitara di le 54.2 (178 ft) kwa godimo ga motheo o o kwa tlase le bokgoni jo bo tletseng jwa tlamelo jwa dikhukimetara di le 994,000,000 (3.51×1ft). Letamo ke sebopego sa kgogedi sa konkoreite se se nang le karolo ya go tlatsa mmu mo letlhakoreng le le siameng. E agilwe jaaka kgwebo e e kopanetsweng ke [[Rand Water]] le Lefapha la Nosetso (le jaanong le itsegeng jaaka Lefapha la Merero ya Metsi). Morago ga moo letamo le ne la tlhatlosiwa mo tshimologong ya di ngwaga tsa bo masome a matlhano (50) go ya kwa bogodimong jwa dimitara di le 60.3 (198 ft) jo bo neng jwa oketsa bokgoni go nna 2,188,000,000 (7.73×1010 cu ft). Go tlhatlosiwa ga bobedi go ne ga diragala ka ngwaga wa 1985 fa lebota le ne le tlhatlosiwa ka dimitara tse dingwe gape di le 3.05 (10.0 ft) go ya go dimitara di le 63.4 (208 ft) kwa godimo ga motheo o o kwa tlase. Bokgoni jwa letamo ga jaana ke 2,609,799,000 (9.21642×1010 dikhubiki ft) mme dikhubikimitara tse dingwe di le 663,000,000 (2.34×1010 dikhubiki ft) kgotsa 26% di ka bolokwa ka nakwana go tladiwa ka metsi. Letamo leno le na le setlhaketlhake sa lone se se ka nnang boleele jwa dikilometara di le tlhano(5). Setlhaketlhake se se ne se dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la kopano la sephiri ke puso ya tlhaolele mme jaanong se tshwara lebelo la ngwaga le ngwaga la Round the Island Yacht, e leng setlhogo sa Guinness Book of World Records sa lobelo le letoa la dikepe tsa kwa nageng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101219034532/http://www.gauteng.net/attractions/entry/vaal_dam/ "Vaal Dam – Attractions – Gauteng Tourism Authority]". Archived from the original on 19 December 2010</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa 1948 BOAC e ne ya tlhagisa dikepe tse di fofang tsa Short Solent mo tirelong ya UK (Southampton) go ya kwa Aforika Borwa (Vaaldam).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081227103220/http://www.bamuseum.com/museumhistory40-50.html "Museum History 1940–1950"]. British Airways Museum. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2009</ref>Motse o monnye wa Deneysville o ne o dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go ema ke dikepe tsa bogologolo tsa BOAC tse di fofang. == Metshameko ya metsi == Letamo la Vaal ke lefelo la go tshwara ditlhapi tsa carp le catfish tsa metsi a a phepa. Mabopo a yone a tletse ka batshwaraditlhapi ngwaga otlhe. Ditiragalo tse dintsi tsa metshameko ya metsi ya maemo a a kwa godimo di tshwarwa go kwa go akaretsa le lebelo la ngwaga le ngwaga la "Round The Island" la dikepe le le rulagantsweng ke Lake Deneys Yacht Club—<ref>[http://www.ldyc.co.za/ "There's much more to LDYC than Sailing"]. Lake Deneys Yacht Club. Retrieved 10 July 2009</ref> lebelo le le ntseng le le mo Bukeng ya Direkoto ya Guinness ka ntlha ya go nna "Dikepe tse dintsi mo Lebelong la Dikepe tsa Naga mo Lefatsheng", le mo go lone dikepe di le makgolo a mararo le masome a ferangbobedi le boferabongwe (389) di neng tsa kgabaganya mola wa bofelo. Direkoto tsa dikepe tse dintsi mo lebelong la dikepe tsa mo mafatsheng. Ditiragalo di le dintsi tse ditona di diragala go ne kwa go akaretsa Beke ya Keelboat le lebelo la jetski la Bayshore la dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi (200), mme jaanong ke Tsomo ya Letlotlo la Letamo la Bayshore Marina Vaal. Lake Deneys Yacht Club le Pennant Nine Yacht Club partnered di ne tsa dirisana mmogo go rulaganya sekepe se se neng sa tsaya karolo mo "Bart's Bash" ya mafatshefatshe ya ntlha ya ngwaga wa 2014 le ya bobedi ya ngwaga wa 2015. == Tlholego == Mefuta e metona ya ditlhapi tse di tshwarang tsa letamo la Vaal ke barbel, carp e e tlwaelegileng, carp ya seipone, carp ya bojang, tlhapi e tshetlha ya molomo o monnye, tlhapi e tshetlha ya molomo o mogolo le tlhapi ya seretse.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304173140/http://www.favisa.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=87&Itemid=226 "Vaal Dam / Vaaldam (FS)".] ''Fishing and Venues in South Africa''. favisa. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016</ref>Dinonyane tsa Egyptian geese le di-blacksmith lapwing ke dinonyane tse dintsi tsa mo lebopong, mme di-tern tsa Caspian le tsone di tlhagelela ka bontsi. Flamingo e kgolo ke nonyane e e tsamayang ka metlha, ka flamingo e nnye e e leng teng ka dipalo tse di kwa tlase, mme go bonwe di-openbill tse di tsamayatsamayang. Dintsu tsa ditlhapi di le mmalwa di teng, fa osprey e tlhagelela ka sewelo.<ref>[http://cwac.adu.org.za/sites.php?province=Free%20State "Registered CWAC Sites: Free State".] ''Coordinated Waterbird Counts''. ADU. Retrieved 26 February 2016</ref> == Metswedi == hc1tl4nh0tpcl5j1xssvmv3vruifjhr 0 13481 50843 50434 2026-06-17T12:30:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke golagantse stebe e le tse dingwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50843 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:South Africa-Johannesburg-Jukskei river-001.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Jukskei]] '''Noka ya Jukskei''' <ref>[http://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2679538 "Exact location of Juksei River"]. OpenStreetMap</ref>ke nngwe ya dinoka tse ditona mo [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ke noka e e kwa borwa go gaisa mo molapong wa [[Noka ya Crocodile (Limpopo)|Noka ya Crocodile]]. <ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]</ref> == Tsela == Jukskei e simologa kwa [[Ellis Park]] kwa [[Johannesburg]]. Motswedi wa yona wa kwa tshimologong o ne o le mo polaseng ya Doornfontein, e e neng e lekanya dilitara di le 18 000 ka oura, fela e ne ya nyelela ka ntlha ya tlhabololo ya ditoropo e e neng ya latela. <ref name=":0">Christie, Sean (3 January 2014). [http://mg.co.za/article/2014-01-02-searching-for-the-soul-of-the-jukskei "Searching for the soul of the Jukskei".] ''Mail and Guardian''. South Africa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140103215935/http://mg.co.za/article/2014-01-02-searching-for-the-soul-of-the-jukskei Archived] from the original on 3 January 2014.</ref> Jaanong tsela ya ntlha e Jukskei e bonalang ka yone e kwa Bertrams kwa kgaolong ya Queen Street le Sports Avenue kwa e tswang teng mo mogobeng wa metsi a pula. Go tswa foo noka eno e elela go ralala Molapo wa Bezuidenhout le Bruma. Go tswa foo e elela kwa bokone go ralala Bedfordview le Edenvale pele e elela go ralala [[Alexandra Townshi]]<nowiki/>p. E bo e retologela kwa bokone bophirima mme e elela ka Modderfontein, [[Buccleuch,]] Leeuwkop Prison, [[Lone Hill,]] Dainfern le Steyn City pele e kopana le [[Noka ya Crocodile]] kwa ntle ga Lanseria. <ref name=":0" /> == Dithuso == Noka ya Jukskei e kopanngwa ke dinoka tse dintsi go bapa le tsela ya yona le dinoka tse di kgolo tsa yona e leng [[Modderfontein Spruit,]] [[Braamfontein Spruit]] le Klein-Jukskei. Noka ya Jukskei ke yone e e ntshang metsi a mantsi mo nokeng ya Crocodile. <ref name=":0" /> == Botho == [[Setshwantsho:South Africa-Johannesburg-Jukskei river-002.jpg|thumb|Mosetsana wa mo Afrika Borwa a ntse mo koteng ya logong gaufi le Noka ya Jukskei]] Jukskei e boteng jo bo kwa tlase e bile ga e boteng mo go lekaneng gore e ka tsamaisiwa. Gape e kgotletswe thata ke metsi a a elelang go tswa mo ditoropong. Go sa tlhokomelwe ga dikago tsa motheo go dirile gore matlakala a a sa tlhotlhiwang a elele mo nokeng letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka dinako tse dingwe go ne go fitlhelwa dibakateria tse di bakang kholera mo nokeng eno. <ref>[https://www.news24.com/xArchive/Archive/Cholera-found-in-Jukskei-river-20010118 "Cholera found in Jukskei river"]</ref><ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/cholera-found-in-city-river-438069 "Cholera found in city river"]</ref>Noka e amogela metsi a mantsi go tswa kwa Northern Waste Water Treatment Plant kwa bokone jwa Johannesburg. Noka ya Jukskei ke nngwe ya dilo tse dikgolo tse di bakang mathata a eutrophication a a lebaneng le Letamo la Hartbeespoort kwa tlase ga noka. Ditone tsa matlakala a a jaaka polasetiki, tshipi le rabara di elela mo nokeng ngwaga le ngwaga. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604093758/http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2001/010119145p1001.htm "Statement by minister Ronnie Kasrils, Minister of water affairs and forestry".] South African Government. Archived from [http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2001/010119145p1001.htm the original] on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2008-06-20.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070313092320/http://www.dispatch.co.za/2001/01/19/southafrica/CHOLERA.HTM "Cholera found in Alexandra's Jukskei River".] Daily Dispatch. Archived from [http://www.dispatch.co.za/2001/01/19/southafrica/CHOLERA.HTM the original] on 2007-03-13. Retrieved 2008-06-20.</ref><ref>Olukunle, Olubiyi; Okonkwo, Jonathan; Kefeni, Kebede; Lupankwa, Mlindelwa (2011-12-10). "Concentrations of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sediments from Jukskei River, Gauteng, South Africa". ''Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology''. '''88''' (3): 461–466. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s00128-011-0481-y|10.1007/s00128-011-0481-y.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-4861 0007-4861]. <nowiki>PMID 22160134</nowiki>. S2CID 31382677.</ref> Di-bank di na le go thunya,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060923103015/http://www.gpg.gov.za/docs/nz/2006/nz0112a.html "Gauteng residents warned to be cautious in floods"]. Gauteng Provincial Government. 2006-01-12. Archived from [http://www.gpg.gov.za/docs/nz/2006/nz0112a.html the original] on 2006-09-23. Retrieved 2008-06-20.</ref> segolo thata ka selemo fa dipula di le maatla thata mo ngwageng mo kgaolong. Se se kaya masetlapelo mo baaging ba ba humanegileng ba Alexandra Township ba gantsi ba agang matlo a nakwana go bapa le dintshi tsa noka ka ntlha ya go tlala thata le tlhokego ya go bona metsi a go tlhapa, go nwa le go apaya. <ref>Pather, Ra'eesa. [http://mg.co.za/article/2016-11-10-still-no-shelter-for-alex-flood-victims-foreign-nationals-search-for-lost-documents "Still no shelter for Alex flood victims, foreign nationals search for lost documents"]. ''The M&G Online''. Retrieved 2017-01-09.</ref> == Metswedi == 46s38h8rqyjvbtdopsihp3wvv54uo93 0 13568 50855 50771 2026-06-17T13:37:19Z OtengPortia 12840 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50855 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Tanganyika<ref>Yohannes,Okbazghi (2008). Water resources and inter-riparian relations in the Nile basin. SUNY Press. p. 127.</ref> ke nngwe ya [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]].<ref>Burton, Richard Francis (1965). Richards, Charles (ed.). ''Burton and Lake Tanganyika''. Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180480726 180480726.]</ref> Ke [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_volume|letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi]],[[:en:List_of_lakes_by_depth|le ka boteng]], ka makgetho a mabedi le le latlhegelwa fela ke [[:en:Lake_Baikal|Lake Baikal]] kwa [[:en:Siberia|Siberia]].<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika"]. ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref>Lewis, R. (16 May 2010)[https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika . "Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika".] Brown University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051107/https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika Archived] from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.</ref> Le gape ke letsha le le telele go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika".] ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> Ka bogolo jwa lefelo, [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_area|ke la bo 6 mo lefatsheng]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655 "World's largest lakes | Description, Area, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Letsha leno le abelanwa ke dinaga di le nne: [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] le Zambia. Tanzania e na le karolo e kgolo ya letsha (mo e ka nnang 46%), mme Democratic Republic of the Congo e na le mo e ka nnang 40%. Letsha la Tanganyika le elela metsi a lona ka noka ya [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River]] go tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Noka ya Congo]], e e feleletsang e tshela kwa toropong ya [[:en:Banana,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Banana]] go tsena mo [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]].<ref name=":0">[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3587 "LAKE TANGANYIKA".] ''World Lake Database, International Lake Environment Committee Foundation''. Retrieved 12 January 2025.</ref> '''Jeokorafi''' Lake Tanganyika ke [[:en:Ancient_lake|letsha la bogologolo thata]], mme ke lengwe la matsha a le masome a mabedi fela mo lefatsheng a a nang le dingwaga tse di fetang milione e le nngwe. Dikarolo tsa lone tse tharo tse dikgolo, tse mo dinakong tse metsi a neng a le kwa tlase thata di neng di le matsha a a ikemetseng ka nosi, tsotlhe di na le dingwaga tse di farologaneng. Karolo ya bogare e simolotse go bopiwa dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 9 go ya go 12 tse di fetileng. Karolo ya bokone e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 7 go ya go 8 tse di fetileng. fa karolo ya borwa e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 2 go ya go 4 tse di fetileng.<ref>Cohen; Soreghan; Scholz (1993). "Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system". ''Geology''. '''21''' (6): 511–514. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Geo....21..511C 1993Geo....21..511C.] doi:[https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281993%29021%3C0511%3AETAOFO%3E2.3.CO%3B2 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0511:ETAOFO>2.3.CO;2.]</ref> Gompieno, Letsha la Tanganyika le mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift,]] e leng lekala la bophirima la [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. Le dikologilwe ke dithaba tse di kwa matlhakoreng a mokgatšha wa phatlogo ya lefatshe. Ke letsha le legolo go feta tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Rift_lake|rift]] mo Afrika, mme ke la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi a a foreshe. Gape ke letsha le le boteng go feta tsotlhe mo Afrika le le tshwereng metsi a mantsi a a foreshe go feta tsotlhe mo kontineng ya Afrika. Le tshwere mo e ka nnang 16% ya metsi a a foreshe a lefatshe a a ka dirisiwang.Letsha leno le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 676 le anametse go tswa bokone go ya borwa ka bophara jwa palogare ya dikilometara di le 50. Le akaretsa lefelo la dikilometara tse di khubiki di le 32,000 ka lotshitshi lwa boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,900. Palogare ya boteng ke dimetara di le 572 fa boteng jo bogolo ke dimetara di le 1,471, jo bo fitlhelwang mo karolong ya bokone. Go akanyediwa gore letsha leno le tshwere metsi a ka nna 18,750 km³, e leng bongata jo bogolo thata jwa metsi a a foreshe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991110092358/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html "Datbase Summary: Lake Tanganyika"]. ''ilec.or.jp''. Japan: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Archived from [http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html the original] on 10 November 1999. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Tanganyika lena le [[:en:Drainage_basin|mokgatšha]] wa metsi o o ka nnang 231,000 km².Go na le dinoka tse dikgolo di le pedi tse di tsenang mo letsheng leno, mmogo le dinoka tse dinnye le melatswana e mentsi. Melatswana eno gantsi e khutshwane ka ntlha ya dithaba tse di kwa godimo le tse di matsutsuba tse di dikologileng letsha. Noka e le yosi e kgolo e e tswang mo letsheng ke [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River,]] e e elelang e tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River.]] Pula le mouoane di na le karolo e kgolo go feta dinoka mo tsamaisong ya metsi a letsha. Go akanyediwa gore bonyenyane 90% ya metsi a a tsenang a tswa mo puleng e e nelelang mo godimo ga letsha, mme bonyenyane 90% ya tahlegelo ya metsi e bakwa ke go mowa ga metsi ka tlhamalalo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O.]]; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> Noka e kgolo ke [[:en:Ruzizi_River|Ruzizi River]], e e bopilweng dingwaga di ka nna 10,000 tse di fetileng, e e tsenang mo bokone jwa letsha e tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]].<ref name=":2">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). ''Natural Wonders of the World''. US: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 366–67. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89577-087-5|<bdi>978-0-89577-087-5</bdi>.]]</ref> [[:en:Malagarasi_River|Malagarasi River]] ke noka ya bobedi ka bogolo mo Tanzania, mme e tsena mo letlhakoreng la botlhaba la letsha.<ref name=":2" /> Noka eno e kgologolo go feta letsha ka bolone, mme pele letsha le bopiwa, e ka bo e ne e le karolo ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya [[:en:Lualaba_River|Lualaba River]], e leng mothopo o mogolo wa Noka ya Congo River.<ref name=":1" /> Noka e kgolo e e tswang mo Zambia e bile e tsenang mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ke [[:en:Lufubu_River|Lufubu]] River. E tswa mo thoteng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha, e elela go ya kwa bokone-bophirima go ralala dithaba, morago ga moo e retologela go ya bokone-botlhaba go tsena mo letsheng gaufi le Nsumbu.<ref>[https://africageographic.com/stories/nsumbu-national-park/ "Nsumbu National Park"]. ''Africa Geographic''. Retrieved 3 June 2026.</ref> Lake Tanganyika e na le histori e e raraaneng ya diphetogo tsa tsela e metsi a elelang ka yone, ka ntlha ya boleele jo bogolo jwa yone, boteng jo bogolo, go tlala ga yone ka bonya, le lefelo la yone le le kwa dithabeng mo kgaolong e e nang le tiro e ntsi ya dithoromo tsa dithaba tse di tlhotlhogang le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete. Go bonala gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha leno ga le ise le ko le nne le phatlha e e tswang ka tlhamalalo go ya lewatleng. Ka ntlha ya seno, le tlhalosiwa jaaka [[:en:Endorheic|“endorheic ka bontsi”.]] Go kgokagana ga letsha le lewatle go ikaegile ka gore metsi a tshwanetse go nna kwa godimo thata mo a ka kgonang go elela go tswa mo letsheng ka Lukuga River go tsena mo tsamaisong ya Congo River.<ref name=":2" /> Fa metsi a sa elele, go tsenwa ga metsi mo Lukuga go gantsi go thibelwa ke mebala ya motlhaba le dimela tsa metsi tse dintsi. Ka nako eo, noka eno e ikaega mo dinokeng tsa yone tse dinnye, segolobogolo Niemba River, go tshegetsa go elela ga yone.<ref name=":1" /> Go simolola ka bo-1990, selekanyo sa metsi mo Lake Tanganyika se ne sa tlhatloga ka mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 2, se baka go rwala matlo le dikago tse di gaufi le lotshitshi.<ref>[https://worldwater.earth/water-surface-elevation-timeseries-reveals-the-rising-water-levels-in-lake-tanganyika "Water surface elevation timeseries reveals the rising water levels in Lake Tanganyika"]. ''WorldWater''. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref> Seno se bonagala thata mo toropong ya Nsumbu, gaufi le lotshitshi magareng ga jetty le molomo wa Chisala River, e ka nna dikilometara di le 2 go ya kwa bokone-bophirima. Magareng ga 2018 le 2024, metsi a ne a tsenelela mo teng ga toropo go fitlha mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 300 go tswa mo lotshitshing lwa 2018.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/search/Nsumbu/@-8.5164746,30.4729444,1517m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D "Nsumbu"]. ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://earth.google.com/web/@-8.51664622,30.47719045,771.76267068a,1405.28427165d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDE4LTExLTI2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA "Google Earth imagery showing Nsumbu settlement and shoreline, Zambia".] ''Google Earth - Use the historical slider to select past views''. Google Earth. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Go akanyediwa gape gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha le ka tswa le ne le na le ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tsena le go tswa ga metsi. Go akantshiwa gore metsi a ka tswa a ne a tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Rukwa|Lake Rukwa]] e e kwa godimo, kgotsa go ka tswa go ne go na le kgokagano le [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], mme le gone go kile ga akanyediwa tsela ya go tswa e e yang kwa Noka ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] River. Tsotlhe tseno di bontsha gore histori ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya letsha e fetogile gantsi mo dingwageng di le dimilione.<ref>Lévêque, Christian (1997). ''Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa''. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press.]] p. 110. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57033-6|<bdi>978-0-521-57033-6</bdi>.]]</ref> '''Dikarolo tsa metsi''' Metsi a Lake Tanganyika a na le [[:en:Hard_water|alkaline]] e e kwa godimo, ka [[:en:PH|pH]] e e ka nnang 9 mo boteng jwa dimetara di le 0–100.<ref name=":3">De, Wever; Muylaert; der Gucht, Van; Pirlot; Cocquyt; Descy; Plisnier; Vyverman (2005). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 "Bacterial Community Composition in Lake Tanganyika: Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity".] ''Appl Environ Microbiol''. '''71''' (9): 5029–5037. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApEnM..71.5029D 2005ApEnM..71.5029D.] doi:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005|10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 1214687.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16151083 16151083.]</ref> Kwa tlase ga moo, pH e nna mo e ka nnang 8.7, mme e fokotsega ka bonya go fitlha mo magareng ga 8.3 le 8.5 mo mafelong a a boteng go feta tsotlhe a letsha.<ref name=":3" /> Mokgwa o o tshwanang o bonwa mo [[:en:Electric_conductivity|phitisong ya motlakase]], e e tlogang mo e ka nnang 670 μS/cm mo godimo ga metsi go fitlha go 690 μS/cm mo mafelong a a boteng thata.<ref name=":3" /> Themperetšha ya godimo ga metsi gantsi e ka nna 24°C mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ka Phatwe, mme e ka tlhatloga go 28–29°C kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya dipula ka Mopitlwe–Moranang.<ref name=":4">Edmond; Stallard; Craigh; Weiss; Coulter (1993). [[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|"Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika".]] ''Limnol. Oceanogr''. '''38''' (4): 725–738. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993LimOc..38..725E 1993LimOc..38..725E.] doi:[[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725]]</ref> Kwa boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 400, themperetšha e nna e sa fetoge thata, e le mo magareng ga 23.1°C le 23.4°C.<ref>O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Alin, Simone R.; Plisnier, Pierre-Denis; Cohen, Andrew S.; Mckee, Brent A. (14 August 2003). "Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Nature''. '''424''' (6950): 766–768. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.424..766O 2003Natur.424..766O]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1038/nature01833|10.1038/nature01833.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917682 12917682.] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1637315 1637315]</ref> Metsi a letsha a ntse a oketsega mogote ka bonya fa e sale go tswa mo lekgolong la bo-19 la dingwaga, mme seno se potlakile le go feta ka ntlha ya [[:en:Global_warming|go gotela ga lefatshe]] fa e sale go tswa mo bo-1950.<ref>Jensen, M.R. (8 August 2016). [https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming "Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming".] University of Arizona. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306085806/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming Archived] from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref> Letsha le [[:en:Lake_stratification|kgaogane]] ka dikarolo tsa metsi tse di sa kopaneng bonolo. Go tlhakatlhakana ga metsi ka dipaka gantsi ga go fete boteng jwa dimetara di le 150.<ref name=":4" /> Go tlhakatlhakana gono go diragala thata mo karolong ya borwa ka ntlha ya diphefo tse di [[:en:Upwelling|sutisang metsi a a tsididi go tswa kwa tlase go ya godimo.]] Gape go na le go tlhatloga le go fologa ga metsi mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa letsha.<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (2003). "Recent research in the African Great Lakes: Fisheries, biodiversity and cichlid evolution". ''Freshwater Forum''. '''20''' (1): 4–64.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go kgaogana gono ga metsi, dikarolo tse di boteng thata di na le se se bidiwang [[:en:Fossil_water|metsi a bogologolo]]<ref>Hutter; Yongqi; and Chubarenko (2011). Physics of Lakes, volume 1: Foundation of the Mathematical and Physical Background. P. 11. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-642-15178-1|<bdi>978-3-642-15178-1</bdi>.]]</ref> a a sa tlhakaneng le a kwa godimo ka dingwaga tse dintsi. Seno se raya gore dikarolo tse di boteng ga di na [[:en:Oxygen|oksijene .]] Ka jalo ditlhapi le [[:en:Obligate_aerobe|diphologolo tsotlhe tse di tlhokang oksijene]] di kgona go tshela fela mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo tsa letsha. Mo bokone jwa letsha, molelwane ono wa oksijene o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 100 fa mo borwa<ref>Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> jwa letsha, o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 240–250. Dikarolo tse di boteng go feta tsotlhe tsa letsha di na le selekanyo se segolo sa [[:en:Hydrogen_sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]], gase e e botlhole.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Ryan, Emily; Todd, Jonathan A.; McGlue, Michael; Kimirei, Ismael; Soreghan, Michael (2017). "Variation in Taphonomic Character of Shell Beds in Lake Tanganyika, Africa: Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Implications of Shell Beds in Lakes". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 304608. Geological Society of America. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1130/abs/2017am-304608|10.1130/abs/2017am-304608]]</ref> '''Baeloji''' '''Digagabi''' Letsha la Tanganyika le mafelo a metsi a a le dikologileng ke legae la mefuta e le mmalwa ya digagabi, tsotlhe di akaretsa [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodile]] (go akaretsa kwena e kgolo e e tumileng e e bidiwang [[:en:Gustave_(crocodile)|Gustave]]), [[:en:Zambian_hinged_terrapin|Khudu ya metsi ya Zambia,]] [[:en:Serrated_hinged_terrapin|Serrated hinged terrapin]], Pan hinged terrapin (mofuta ono ga o nne mo letsheng ka bolone mme o fitlhelwa mo matsheng a a gaufi)<ref name=":5">Spawls, Howell, Drewes, and Ashe (2002). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, London. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-12-656470-1|0-12-656470]]-1</bdi>.</ref>. [[:en:Storm's_water_cobra|Storm’s water cobra]], e leng [[:en:Subspecies|mofuta]] o o mo kotsing wa noga ya metsi e e jang ditlhapi thata, e fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. E rata go nna mo mabopong a a nang le maje.<ref name=":5" /><ref>O'Shea, Mark; Mcintyre, P.B. (2005). [http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php "Boulengerina annulata stormsi (Storm's water cobra). Attempted predation".] ''Herpetological Review''. '''36''' (2): 189. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171202071348/http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php Archived] from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Ditlhapi tsa Cichlid''' Letsha la Tanganyika ke legae la [[:en:Endemism|bonyenyane mefuta]] e e fetang 250 ya ditlhapi tsa [[:en:Cichlid|cichlid]]<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia"]. ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno. Go dumelwa gape gore go santse go na le [[:en:Undescribed_taxon|mefuta e mengwe e e iseng e lemogiwe]] ke baitseanape.<ref>Craig Mortiff (24 December 2009). [https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ "Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids"]. ''Cichlid Fish Forum''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Mo e ka nnang 98% ya mefuta yotlhe ya cichlid mo letsheng leno ga e fitlhelwe kae kapa kae mo lefatsheng fa e se mo Tanganyika fela. Ka ntlha ya seno, letsha leno le botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa kafa mefuta [[:en:Speciation|e mesha ya diphologolo e tlhagang ka teng,]] le kafa [[:en:Evolution|botshelo bo fetogang ka teng mo lobakeng lo loleele.]]<ref>Takahashi, T.; Hori, M. (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363988 "Genetic and Morphological Evidence Implies Existence of Two Sympatric Species in Cyathopharynx furcifer (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika"]. ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 980879. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1155/2012/980879|10.1155/2012/980879.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363988 3363988]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675655 22675655.]</ref><ref>Kornfield, Ivy; Smith, Peter A (2000). "African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology". ''Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics''. '''31''': 163–196. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163|10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163]].</ref> Ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]], go akaretsa Tanganyika, di emela nngwe ya mehlala e megolo go feta tsotlhe ya [[:en:Adaptive_radiation|adaptive radiation]] mo diphologolong tse di nang le marapo a mokwatla.<ref>Meyer, Britta; Matchiner, Michael; Salburger, Walter (25 November 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach"]. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref> Le fa dingwe tsa mefuta eno di ka fitlhelwa gonnye mo godimo ga [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga]] River, ga di kgone go anamela thata mo [[:en:Congo_Basin|tsamaisong ya Congo River]]. Seno se bakwa ke jeokorafi ya mafelo ao, le pharologano ya dikhemikhale tsa metsi.Tikologo e e dikologileng Letsha la Tanganyika e itshiametse gape e itekanetse gona le [[:en:Rapids|mekgacho]] le medi e sianeng ya noka ya Congo. Metsi a Tanganyika, a [[:en:Alkali'|alkaline]] gape ana le [[:en:PH|pH]] e kwa godimo (ga a na asiti e ntsi), a na le [[:en:Calcium|calcium]] le diminerale tse dintsi go farologana le metsi a Congo a a nang le [[:en:Acid|asiti e ntsi,]] [[:en:Sediment|a tletse seretse,]] a tletse matlakala a [[:en:Rainforest|dimela]] le dilo tse dingwe tsa tlholego tse di senyegang. Mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Congo, kgakala le [[:en:Whitewater|metsi a masweu]], metsi a fetoga se se bidiwang [[:en:Blackwater_river|metsi a mantsho]], ka ntlha ya dikhemikhale tse di tswang mo dikgatsheng le mo matlakaleng a ditlhare a a bodileng. Metsi ano a na le [[:en:Tannin|tannins]] tse dintsi mme ga a siamele<ref>[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O]].; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> ditlhapi tsa cichlid. Ka mokgwa o o tshwanang, mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tsa dinoka tsa tropiki le yone e ka nna ya se kgone go tshela fa e ka tsenngwa mo metsing a a phepa, a alkaline le a nang le diminerale tse dintsi a Letsha la Tanganyika.{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] tnotdqi0idour7s67y5ogu3sh1m1uib 0 13676 50856 50798 2026-06-17T13:58:34Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Letamo la Aswan High #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Aswan High''', le gantsi le bidiwang '''letamo la Aswan''' fela, ke lengwe la matamo a matona a lefatshe a a ikagetsweng, le le agilweng ka ngwaga wa 1960 go tsena 1970 go kgabaganya [[noka ya Nile]] kwa Aswan, [[Egypt]]. Porojeke e agilwe ke puso ya Egypt ka thuso ya [[Soviet Union]] go laola merwalela botoka, go oketsa peo ya metsi a a nosetsang le go fetlha motlakase. Letamo le ne le bonwa le le botlhokwa thata mo mananeong a lefatshe a go dira madirelo. Jaaka kago ya pele, letamo le le nnile le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo itsholelong le mo ngwaong ya [[Egypt]]. Fa le fediwa, e ne e le lone le le leele go feta matamo otlhe mo lefatsheng, le feta [[letamo la Chatuge]] kwa [[USA|United States]].<ref>Moore, Carl S. (1 Jan 2007). "Impact of National Forest & TVA Chatuge Dam". ''Clay County, NC Then and Now: A Written and Pictorial History''. Genealogy Publishing Service. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781881851240|<bdi>9781881851240</bdi>.]]</ref> Letamo, le le tlhamileng letangwana la bodutlelo la Nasser, le agilwe le le dikhilomithara di supa kwa godimo ga [[letamo la Aswan Low]], le le feditsweng ka 1902 le setse le dirisiwa ka botlalo. Ka letamo la bogologolo le santse le le teng, go tshologa ga Nile ga ngwaga le ngwaga ka nako ya selemo go ne go tsweletse ka go tshologa le sa eme mo mokgatsheng go tswa kwa kgampung ya [[Aferika|Aforika]] botlhaba. Merwalela e, e tsisitse metsi a a nang le dikotla le menontshane e e neng e nontsha mmu o o mo lotshitshing lwa dipoa tsa lone le letsha; go itse se ka lone go ne ga dira gore mokgatsha wa Nile o siamele temothu go tswa goo lowe. Le fa go ntse jalo, morwalela o wa tlholego o ne o farologana, ka dingwaga tsa metsi a a kwa godimo di ne di ka senya dijalo tsotlhe fa metsi a a kwa tlase a ka baka komelelo le leuba. Ditiragalo tse tsotlhe di ne di diragala gangwe le gape. Jaaka palo ya batho ba Egypt e ne e gola le maranyane a oketsega, keletso le kgonagalo e ne ya nna teng ya go laola merwalela, ka jalo tsotlhe di sireletsa di bo di ema nokeng ditshimo le sejalo sa koo se se botlhokwa sa letsela. Ka seelo sa letangwana se oketsegile ka ntlha ya letamo le, merwalela e ka laolwa metsi a bewa gore a ntshiwa kwa morago mo dingwageng tse dintsi. Letamo la Aswan leano la lone le dirilwe ke Nikolai Aleksandrovich Maleyshev wa Hydroproject Institute kwa Moscow.<ref>MIL-OSI (January 16, 2024). [https://foreignaffairs.co.nz/2024/01/16/mil-osi-russia-legends-of-russian-science-nikolai-aleksandrovich-malyshev/ "Legends of Russian science: Nikolai Aleksandrovich Malyshev". ''f'']''oreignaffairs.co.nz''.</ref><ref>Smith, Jean Edward (2012). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=jO2gLXNNa2wC&pg=PA694&redir_esc=y ''Eisenhower in War and Peace''.] Random House Publishing Group. p. 694. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0679644293|<bdi>978-0679644293</bdi>.]]</ref> Le agetswe go nosetsa le go fetlha motlakase, letamo le, le na le dilo di le mmalwa tse di neng di le disha ka dingwaga tsa 1960, di akaretsa sesiro kwa tlase. Le ntswa letangwana le tlaa felela le tlala ka motlhaba, le dikakanyetso di supa fa letamo le tlaa dirisiwa sebaka sa dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP85T00875R001700020056-7.pdf "INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM ECONOMIC IMPRACT OF THE ASWAN HIGH DAM]" (PDF). October 1971.</ref> == Ditso tsa kago == Maiteko a ntlha a a gatisitsweng a go aga letamo gaufi le Aswan ke ka sedikadike sa dingwaga di le lesome le motso, fa moitseanape gape e le moinjeneere Ibn al-Haytham a ne a bilediwa kwa Egypt ke moeteledipele Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah go laola morwalela wa Nile, tiro e e neng e tlhoka maiteko a ka pele kwa letamong la Aswan.<ref>Rashed, Roshdi (2002-08-02), "Portraits of Science: A Polymath in the 10th Century", ''Science'', '''297''' (5582), [[:en:Science_(journal)|Science magazine]]: 773, doi:[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1074591 10.1126/science.1074591], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12161634/ 12161634]</ref> Morago ga gore dipatlisiso tsa gagwe di mo supegetse gore porojeke e ka se bereke,<ref>[[:en:Henry_Corbin|Corbin, Henry]] (1993), ''[[:en:Philip_Sherrard|History of Islamic Philosophy, Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard]]'', London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies, p. 149, ISBN 978-0710304162</ref> le go tshaba tshakgalo ya moeteledipele, o ne a re o na le bolwetse jwa tlhaloganyo. O ne a tshwarwa a le mo ntlong go tswa ka 1011 go fitlhelella al-hakim a tlhokafala ka 1021, ka nako e a neng a kwala buka ya gagwe e e nang le thotloetso ya Book of Optics.<ref>[[:en:Henry_Corbin|Corbin, Henry]] (1993) [French 1964], ''History of Islamic Philosophy, Translated by Liadain Sherrard, Philip Sherrard'', London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies, p. 149, ISBN 0-7103-0416-1</ref> === Letamo la Aswan Low, 1898 - 1902 === Ba Britain ba simolotse kago ya letamo la ntlha go kgabaganya Nile ka 1898. Kago e dirilwe go fitlhelela ka 1902 letamo la bulwa ka Morule a le lesome ngwaga wa 1902. Leano la porojeke le dirilwe ke Sir William Willcocks a akaretsa mainjeneere a le mmalwa a tlhwatlhwa, a akaretsa Sir Benjamin Baker le Sir John Aird, o kompone ya gagwe ya John Aird & Co, e neng e le yone ya boremelelo mo porojekeng e.<ref>[http://www.collectstocks.com/egyptbond.html Egypt bond] [https://web.archive.org/web/20050513224447/http://www.collectstocks.com/egyptbond.html Archived] May 13, 2005, at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref><ref>Roberts, Chalmers (December 1902), "[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=DoDNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA2861&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Subduing the Nile]", ''[[:en:The_World's_Work|The World's Work: A History of Our Time]]'', '''V''': 2861–2870, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131011100329/http://books.google.com/books?id=DoDNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA2861 archived] from the original on 2013-10-11, retrieved 2026-06-17</ref> === Ketapele ya letamo la Aswan High, 1954 - 1960 === Ka ngwaga wa 1952, moinjeneere wa ditso tsa Greek-Egyptian Adrian Daninos o ne a simolola go dira leao la letamo la Aswan le lesha. Le ntswa letamo le le kwa tlase le ne le tloga le tlala ka 1946, puso ya ga kgosi Farouk e ne ya seka ya supa kgatlhego mo leanong la ga Danino. Mo boemong leano la mokgatsha wa Nile ka moistseanape wa metsi Harold Edwin Hurst le ne le ratiwa go gaisa, le le neng le tsisa kakanyetso ya go baya metso kwa Sudan le kwa Ethiopia, kwa go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi ga metsi ho leng kwa tlase thata. Maemo a ba Egypt a ne a fetoga gotlhelele morago ga go thankgolwa ga bogosi, bo bo neng bo eteletswe pele ke letsholo la Free Officers go akaretsa Gamal Abdel Nasser. Ba Free Offcers ba ne ba dumela gore metsi a Nile a ka bewa kwa Egypt ka ntlha ya mabaka a sepolotiki, mo dikgweding di le pedi, leano la Daninos le ne la amogelwa.<ref>Collins, Robert O. (2000). "In Search of the Nile Waters, 1900–2000". ''The Nile: Histories, Cultures, Myths. Edited by Haggai Erlich and Israel Gershoni''. Lynne Rienner. pp. 255–256.</ref> Pele, lefatshe la United States le USSR be ne ba na le kgatlhego mo go thuseng ka ditlhabololo tsa letamo. Tlhakatlhakano e ne ya tlhaga ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go utlwana ka nako ya ntwa ya serame, le go golela pele ga kgogakgogano gareng ga mafatshe a Arabea. Ka ngwaga wa 1955, Nasser o ne a re ke ene moeteledipele wa ma Arabea, a le kgatlhanong le dikgosi tsa setso, bogolo jang bogosi jwa Iraq morago ga gore bo beye monwana tumalano ya Baghdad ya 1955. Ka nako eo ba U. ba ne ba tshaba gore go eteletsa morafe pele go tlaa anama kwa Botlhaba legare, ba bona Nasser e le moeteledipele wa lekgotla le le kgatlhanong le go nna morafeo le mongwe. Mafatshe a America le United kingdom a ne a kopa go thusa kago ya letamo ka madi, ka madi a kadimiso a didikadike di le makgolo mabedi le bosupa, mme ba boelwe ke boeteledipele jwa ga Nasser mo go rarabololeng ntwa ya Israele le ma Arabea. Le ntswa a ne a le kgatlhanong le semorafe, go huma ka bongwe le okamela mafatshe a mangwe, Nasser o ne a itshupa a le fa gare a sa tseye lotlhakore,a batla go bereka le lefatshe la U.S ga mmogo le UUSR go tswela mosola Egypt le mafatshe a Arabea.<ref>Dougherty, James E. (March 1959), "The Aswan Decision in Perspective", ''Political Science Quarterly'', '''74''' (1), The Academy of Political Science: 21–45, doi:[https://academic.oup.com/psq/article/74/1/21/7149763 10.2307/2145939], [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2145939 2145939]</ref> Morago ga gore lekgotla la UN le kgale tlhaselo ya Israel kgatlhanong le masole a Egypt kwa Gaza ka 1955, Nasser o ne a lemoga gore o ka se itshupe e le moeteledipele wa merafe ya Arabea e e kopaneng fa a sa kgone go sireletsa sesole sa lefatshe la gagwe kgatlhanong le Israel. Fa godimo ga maano a gagwe a tlhabololo, o ne a batla go ntšhafatsa sesole sa gagwe, a leba pele kwa lefatsheng la U.S go mo tswa thuso. Mokwaledi wa lefatshe la America John Foster Dulles le tautona Dwight Eisenhower ba ne ba bolelela Nasser gore lefatshe la U.S le tlaa mo neela dibetsa fela fa di ka dirisediwa go itshireletsa le fa a ka amogela bookamedi le katiso ya sesole sa America. Nasser o ne a seka a amogela dithulaganyo tse,a buisana le USSR go mo ema nokeng. Le ntswa Dulles a ne a dumela fa Nasser a tshosetsa fela le gore USSR ek ase thuse Nasser, go ne ga seka ga nna jalo: USSR e ne ya tshepisa Nasser palo ya dibetsa e batla tuelo ya dijalo tsa Egypt le letsela. Ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 1955, Nasser o ne a itsise ka tumalano ya dibetsa le Czechoslovakia a dira e le o o golaganyang le kemo nokeng ya sesole. <ref>Smith, p. 242</ref>Mo boemong jwa go tlhasela Nasser go bo a ile kwa sesoleng, Dulles o ne a batla go tokafatsa botsalano le ene. Ka Morule 1955, mafatshe a US le UK a ne a itlama go ntsha didikadike di le masome a matlhano le borataro le lesome le bone ka tatelano, mo kagong ya letamo la Aswan High.<ref>Dougherty, p. 22</ref> == Metswedi == 5qferopv6cogwnip1es97rdtjnybela 0 13704 50838 2026-06-17T12:02:18Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Turkwel 50838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Turkwel River Outside Lodwar Town in Turkana County Kenya.JPG|thumb|Noka e e kgadileng ya noka ya Turkwel, e e kwa ntle ga toropo ya Lodwar kwa Turkana County, Kenya]] Noka ya Turkwel<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Turkwel%27 Turkwel (Approved)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Serve]]<nowiki/>r[[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> (e ka dinako tse dingwe e kwadiwang Noka ya Turkwell<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Turkwell%27 Turkwell (Variant)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server,]] [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> ke noka e e elelang go tswa kwa Thabeng ya Elgon mo molelwaneng wa K[[enya]] le [[Uganda]] go ya kwa Letsheng la Turkana. Noka eno e bidiwa Noka ya Suam go tswa kwa e simololang teng go fitlha kwa molelwaneng wa Kgaolo ya Turkana ya Kenya. Leina Turkwel le tswa mo leineng la Se-Turkana la noka eno, Tir-kol, le le kayang noka e e "kgaratlhelang naga". Noka ya Turkwel e simologa mo mekgokoloseng e e tala ya Thaba ya Elgon le Dithaba tsa Cherangani, e bo e kgabaganya Southern Turkana Plains, e kgabaganya Sekaka sa Loturerei gaufi le Lodwar mme e felela mo letsheng le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng, Lake Turkana. <ref name=":0">Adams, W. M. (1989). "Dam construction and the degradation of floodplain forest on the Turkwel River, Kenya". ''Land Degradation & Development''. '''1''' (3). Wiley: 189–198. doi[[doi:10.1002/ldr.3400010303|:10.1002/ldr.3400010303]].</ref>Go elela ga noka eno ke ga paka ka paka, ka dinako tse dingwe go ka nna le merwalela ka nako ya dipula.<ref name=":0" /> Letamo la Turkwel le le neng le baka kganetsano le ne la agiwa ke puso ya Kenya go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le morataro (1986) go ya go ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991) ka thuso ya Fora. Maikaelelo e ne e le go dirisa metsi a Turkwel. Go ne go akanngwa gore porojeke eno e tla ja madi a a kana ka dibilione di le nne tsa KSh... Dibilione di le 20 tsa KSh, mme di ne tsa felela di ja madi a a fetang dibilione di le masome a mabedi tsa KSh. Letamo le ne la tlatsa karolo ya Turkwel Gorge<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Turkwel+Gorge%27 Turkwel Gorge (Approved]) at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server]], [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref>mme la dira Turkwel Gorge Reservoir.<ref>Kotut, Kiplagat; Njuguna, Stephen G; Muthuri, Francis M. & Krienitz, Lothar (1999). [[doi:10.1016/S0075-9511(99)80046-2|"The physico-chemical conditions of Turkwel Gorge Reservoir, a new man made lake in Northern Kenya".]] ''Limnologica – Ecology and Management of Inland Waters''. '''29''' (4): 377–392. doi:[[10.1016/S0075-9511(99)80046-2]].</ref> == Batho == Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe ( 1999), masalela a a neng a begilwe go tswa kwa borwa jwa noka a ne a bewa mo Australopithecus sp. go ikaegile ka go tshwana ga tsone le A. afarensis, le fa gone di ne di sa tshwane. Di ne tsa bonwa ke setlhopha sa batho ba ditšhaba tse di farologaneng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe ( 1990) mme tsa isiwa kwa Musiamong wa Bosetšhaba wa Kenya. Masalela ano a akaretsa metacarpal, capitate, hamate, lunate, pedal phalanx, mandibular fragment le masalela a meno. Di ne di se na bokgoni jwa go palama le go palama mo diatleng le mo mabogong a batho ba ba neng ba tshela ka nako eo, mme di ne di na le matsogo a a nonofileng a a neng a kgona go tshwara dilo ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya tshwene go ya ka bokgoni jwa go dikologa. Tsona di ne tsa abelwa KNM-WT 22944 G go ya go J, mme di na le dingwaga di le 3.5 mya go tswa kwa Mokgatlhong wa Nachukui. <ref>Ward, C.V.; Leakey, M.G.; Brown, B.; Brown, F.; Harris, J.; Walker, A. (1999), [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248498902627 "South Turkwel: A new Pliocene hominid site in Kenya",] ''Journal of Human Evolution'', '''36''' (1): 69–95, doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0262, <nowiki>PMID 9924134</nowiki></ref> == Metswedi == 4ypacbkrbo25mp38zkbf55z05l9wi7s 0 13705 50839 2026-06-17T12:03:51Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Touws #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Touws|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Bophirima]] Toropo ya Touws, dithaba tsa noka ya Hex|elevation_m=1,300|mouth=[[Noka ya Groot]]|origin=Matroosberg|mouth_elevation_m=239}} '''Noka ya Touws''' (ka teme ya Afrikaans: Touwsrivier) ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya [[Kapa Bophirima]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ke motswedi o o tshelang kwa [[Noka ya Groot|nokeng ya Groot]], bontlha jwa kgampu ya [[noka ya Gourits]]. == Leina == Leina "Touws" le tswa mo lefekolong la teme ya Khoi la molora wa leiso, le gape le rayang ditlhare tsa molora. Ga go a tlhomamisega gore a leina le le ne raya ditlhare tseo kgotsa mmala wa noka (mo ditsong, noka ya Touws e ne e itsege e le noka ya Ash.) Leina le le dirisiwa gape go raya leina la toropo ya Touws River, e e kwa godimo ga noka.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050321224648/http://www.tanap.net/content/activities/documents/resolutions_Cape_of_Good_Hope/introduction_english/38.htm Etymology of Touws river]</ref> == Motsamao wa yone == Metswedi ya yone ke Matroosberg, dithaba tsa noka ya Hex, gaufi le toropo ya De Doorns. Kwa godimo ga yone e itsege e le Smalblaar le Donkies. E elelela kwa borwa botlhaba, e elela go fapaanya toropo ya noka ya Touws, e kopana le lotshitshi lo lo kwa moja ga noka ya Groot pele ga e fapogela kwa borwa.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA16Gouritz.jpg Gouritz WMA 16]</ref> Metswedi ya yone e akaretsa Brand, Kalee, Brak, Slang le Kruis; tsotlhe ke dinoka tse dipotlana. Touws ke bontlha jwa lefelo le ele okametseng tsamaiso metsi kwa Gouritz, e wela mo mafaratlhatlheng a J. == Matamo == * [[Letamo la Verkeerdevlei]] == Metswedi == oeb6swvgtt6p3veh3svou3hd59gs1re 0 13706 50840 2026-06-17T12:21:50Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Leeu-Gamka #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Leeu-Gamka''' ke letamo la mmu kwa nokeng ya Leeuw, gaufi le Beaufort West kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1959, tirisokgolo ya lone ke go nosetsa. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo. == Ditso == Letamo la ntlha la leina le, le agilwe ka 1928.<ref name=":0">[[iarchive:standardencyclop0006unse|''Standard Encyclopaedia of South Africa''.]] Vol. 6. Internet Archive. Cape Town: Nasou. 1970. p. 564. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-625-00320-4|<bdi>978-0-625-00320-4</bdi>.]]</ref> E ne e le letamo la mmu le agilwe ke lekgotla la nosetso ka madi a diponto di le dikete di le masome a marataro le le bo kwa godimo jwa dikilomithara di le lesome le boraro le boleele jwa dimithara di le makgolo a mane le masome a marataro.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1928 le ne la busediwa morago ga gore letamo le senngwe ke morwalela.<ref name=":0" /> Go tshologela ga mmu mo letamong go ne ga fokotsa seelo sa letamo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1959, letamo le lesha le ne la agiwa dikhilomithara di le tharo go tswa kwa go le legologolo.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == qj37el8ltb3ev3socobaq3z41ei6if9 0 13707 50841 2026-06-17T12:24:03Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Perkerra 50841 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:LakeBaringo.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Perkerra]] '''Noka ya Perkerra''' ke noka ya [[Great Rift Valley]] kwa [[Kenya]] e e fepang letsha la metsi a a foreshe la [[Baringo.]] Ke yone fela noka e e nnang e ntse e le teng mo mafelong a a omeletseng le a a omeletseng go sekae a Baringo County. <ref name=":0">[[:en:Perkerra_River#CITEREFNational_Irrigation_Board|National Irrigation Board.]]</ref>Noka ya Perkerra e tlamela ka metsi kwa Sekemeng sa Nosetso sa Perkerra mo mafelong a Jemps gaufi le Toropo ya [[Marigat,]] fela kwa borwa jwa letsha. <ref name=":1">[[:en:Perkerra_River#CITEREFChambers2005|Chambers 2005,]] p. 6</ref> == Tshwaro == Noka eno e na le kgaolo e e nang le metsi ya disekwerekilometara di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi le bosupa. <ref name=":0" />E tlhatloga kwa sekgweng sa Mau mo leboteng la bophirima la Rift Valley kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a mane , mme e wela kwa tlase go fitlha go dimetara di le makgolo a robabongwe ke masome a robabobedi kwa molomong wa yone kwa letsheng.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkerra_River#CITEREFChambers2005</ref> Lefelo le le nang le metsi le na le mekgokolosa e e makgwakgwa mo dithabaneng, e e lebegang e le borethe kwa tlase. Bontsi jwa metsi a tswa mo mekgokoloseng ya dithaba, koo pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e leng magareng ga 1,100 millimetres (43 in) go ya go 2,700 millimetres (110 in).<ref name=":0" /> Kgaolo e e dikologileng letsha ke e e omileng, e na le pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya 450 mm (18 in) le seelo sa mowafalo sa ngwaga le ngwaga sa 1,650 mm (65 in) go ya go 2,300 mm (91 in).<ref>[[:en:Perkerra_River#CITEREFAkivag_et_al._2010|Akivag et al. 2010, p.]] 2441–2442.</ref> == Diphetogo tsa tiriso ya lefatshe == Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete le makgolo a robabobedi, dipoa tsa alluvial tse di gaufi le letsha di ne di nniwa ke batho ba Njemps, setlhopha sa morafe se se amanang le Masai. Ba ne ba dirisa legora le le dirilweng ka ditlhare tsa borashe go tlhatlosa metsi a noka le go dira gore metsi a elele mo mmung o o sephaphathi. Sekgoreletsi se ne se tla senngwa ke merwalela ya setlha, se tlhoka go emisediwa, mme tsamaiso e ne e tlhomame. Mmatlisisi wa kwa Borithane Joseph Thomson o ne a etela Perkerra ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe le kharabane ya gagwe mme a reka mabele go tswa mo bathong ba selegae, a a neng a jalwa ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go nosetsa o o neng o setse o le teng ka go dirisa megobe le dikanala. 7] Fa Bayuropa ba goroga mo lefelong leno, palo ya batho le ya diruiwa e ne ya oketsega. Bojang jo bo kwa godimo jwa lefelo le le nang le metsi bo ne jwa senngwa, kgogolego e ne ya oketsega mme selekanyo sa go elela ga metsi le sone se ne sa oketsega, mme seno sa baka merwalela ya ka metlha. Thibelo ya logong e ne ya palelwa ke go emelana le merwalela mme Ba-Njemp ba ne ba retologela kwa go rueng. Go fula thata, komelelo le go tlhaselwa ke tsie go ne ga baka mathata a dijo kwa bofelong jwa bo sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920). Mo dingwageng tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo (1930) tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya simolola go akanya ka kgonagalo ya go nosetsa, mme thuto ya semmuso e ne ya dirwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borataro ( 1936), le fa go ne go sena sepe se se dirilweng mo dingwageng di le mmalwa.[ 8] == Thulaganyo ya go nosetsa ya Perkerra == Sekema sa nosetso sa Perkerra se simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bobedi ( 1952) ka nako ya tshoganyetso. Go agiwa ga yone go simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bone ( 1954). Magolegwa a ne a dira ditsela le go baakanya lefatshe gore le nosediwe. Tiro eno e ne ya dirwa ka lepotlapotla, e ja madi a mantsi go e dira le go e tlhokomela, mme go ne ga se ka ga nna le matswela a a kalo. Go ne go le thata go lema dijalo le go di rekisa. Bontsi jwa balemi ba ba neng ba nna mo porojekeng eno moragonyana ba ne ba tsamaya. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe (1959) go ne ga swetswa go tswala thulaganyo eno, e e neng e na le malapa a le lekgolo fela, mme seno se ne sa fetolwa go nna le ditiro di sekae fela. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bobedi (1962) leano le ne la atolosiwa, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa ( 1967) go ne go na le matlo a balemirui a le makgolo a matlhano, le fa go ne go santse go tlhokega dithuso. <ref name=":2" /> Gone jaanong thulaganyo ya go nosetsa ya Perkerra e thusa malapa a balemirui a ka nna makgolo a marataro le masome a supa . Tshimo yotlhe e e ka nosediwang ke diheketara di le 2.340 (diheketara di le 5.800) mme go setse diheketara di le makgolo a robabobedi le lesome (diheketara di le 2.000) fela tse di dirisediwang go nosetsa ka go dirisa matla a kgogedi mme go tswa mo diheketareng di le makgolo a marataro le bosupa (diheketara di le 1.500) tse di ntseng di jalwa ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya metsi. Mo nakong e e fetileng, dijalo tse dikgolo e ne e le tsa dieie, di-chilli, di-watermelon, di-pawpaw le katune. Mmidi o ne wa tsenngwa mo mmarakeng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro mme o itshupile go le bonolo go o rekisa.<ref name=":1" /> Setheo sa Patlisiso sa Temothuo sa Kenya se na le lefelo la patlisiso kwa Marigat Township le le tlamelang thulaganyo ya nosetso. 10] == Metswedi == qlxyu16a2xzp30vbpxeml1llv37vy4q 0 13708 50842 2026-06-17T12:28:26Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Hluhluwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Hluhluwe|image_name=Hluhluwe-Rhinos-and-Lions.JPG|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|caption=Noka e e tlogang e omelela kwa Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park|map_caption=Molomo wa noka kwa Aforika Borwa|mouth=[[KwaZulu-Natal]]|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[KwaZulu-Natal]]}} '''Noka ya Hluhluwe''' e simologa kwa Hluhluwe Game Reserve, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E tlhatloga kwa kgaolong ya Nongoma e elelele kwa bokone botlhaba e kgabaganya Hlabisa<ref name=":0">Raper, P. E. [https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt ''Hluhluwe (N 2831/2832)''.] Retrieved 17 June 2026</ref> le letamo la Hluhluwe, fa e sena go le kgabaganya e kopana le noka ya Nyalazi go nna noka ya St Lucia kwa letsheng la St Lucia. Leina la yone le tswa mo Hluhluwe Creeper, e e itsegeng ka leina la UmHluhluwe ka seZulu, o o golang mo lotshithsing lwa noka.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 2naituorpopobziygmo4igkk27erfa7 0 13709 50844 2026-06-17T12:31:42Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Njoro 50844 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Njoro''' ke molapo wa maemo a boraro o o elelang mo [[Letsheng la Nakuru]], [[Kenya]]. Motswedi wa yone o mo Sekgweng sa Mau. Gape e itsege e le Noka ya Ndarugu. Maiteko a a dirwa go rarabolola mathata a a masisi a kgotlelo ya metsi (a mantle) a noka, segolo thata kwa godimo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160310072149/https://profiles.uonbi.ac.ke/maina_gichaba/publications/patterns-and-sources-faecal-pollution-heavily-impaired-river-njoro-waters ''Proceedings of the Sumawa Mau Forest Complex Conference''.] Sumawa. 2009. Archived from [https://profiles.uonbi.ac.ke/maina_gichaba/publications/patterns-and-sources-faecal-pollution-heavily-impaired-river-njoro-waters the original] on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-02-09.</ref> <ref>^{[''dead link'']}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090603152911/http://www.iapad.org/applications/plup/njoro_watershed.htm "Njoro River Watershed, Kenya"]. Integrated Approaches to Participatory Development (IAPAD). Archived from the original on 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-04-18.</ref>Dingwe tsa tsona di bua ka dikakanyo le mekgwa ya balemirui ba ba itshedisang. <ref /> == Metswedi == dowgw83gtkpsuxidnyg5n2i1b5rbkwu 0 13710 50846 2026-06-17T12:34:45Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Vanwyksvlei #AWCV2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Vanwyksvlei''' ke letamo kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1884. == Metswedi == 73t4jb9ngk4f30jjj3ml22y1nd3hx1x 0 13711 50847 2026-06-17T12:37:32Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Westoe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Westoe''' ke letamo la lokragapana le le ikagetsweng kwa [[Noka ya Usutu|nokeng ya Usutu]] gaufi le [[Amsterdam]], kwa [[Mpumalanga]] [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1968 la ntšhafadiwa ka 1973. Letamo le dirisediwa thata ditiro tsa mmasepala le go isa metsi kwa madirelong, kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo. == Metswedi == fyb90b9nvqap4hur3ed1j3u3qo4l6cr 0 13712 50848 2026-06-17T12:38:16Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA KIDEPO 50848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Kidepo''' ke noka ya setlha mo mokgatšheng wa Kidepo mo kgaolong ya Karamoja ya [[Uganda]],<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/crossing-the-dry-kidepo-river-1470966 "Crossing the dry Kidepo river"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2025-06-28.</ref>le mo kgaolong ya East Equatoria ya [[South Sudan]]. Noka e naya leina la yone kwa Kidepo Valley National Park, e e e ralalang.<ref>Patel, Colin Hancock, Heenali (2016-01-05). [https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/uganda-kidepo-park-top-destination "Kidepo National Park: Uganda's top destination".] ''CNN''. Retrieved 2025-06-28.</ref><ref>Mafabi, David (2018-02-27). [https://pmldaily.com/features/2018/02/giraffes-another-wonder-at-kidepo-park.html "Giraffes; another wonder at Kidepo Park".] ''PML Daily''. Retrieved 2025-06-28.</ref> == Tsela == Metsi a a kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Uganda a golagane le dithaba tsa Napore-Nyangea le dithaba tsa Morungole le Zulia, tse di itsegeng e le metswedi ya dinoka mo kgaolong ya Karamoja, go akaretsa le tsamaiso ya Kidepo.<ref name=":0">[https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Kidepo_Valley_-National_Park_GMP.pdf Kidepo Valley National Park General Management Plan 2012–2022] (PDF) (Report). Uganda Wildlife Authority. Retrieved 18 December 2025</ref>Noka e ralala kgaolo ya Kidepo Valley (go akaretsa Kidepo Valley National Park) pele ga e kgabaganya go ya kwa [[South Sudan]].<ref name=":1">[https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KVNP-2018-4.pdf KIDEPO VALLEY NATIONAL PARK: Park at a glance] (PDF) (Report). Uganda Wildlife Authority. Retrieved 18 December 2025</ref>Mo molatswaneng wa noka ya Kidepo  ⁇  Narus, dinoka tsa Kidepo le Narus di tlhalosiwa jaaka di elela go ya kwa bokone mme di kopana kwa Sudan (e jaanong e leng South Sudan), kwa bofelong di elela go ya kwa molatswaneng wa Nile.<ref>[https://www.stevecunliffe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Africa-Geographic-Kidepo.pdf Kidepo Valley National Park in north-eastern Uganda (Africa Geographic, February 2008)] (PDF) (Report). Africa Geographic. Retrieved 18 December 2025.</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Noka ya Kidepo e elela karolo ya naga e e omeletseng ya bokone jwa [[Uganda]] le borwa jwa [[South Sudan|South Sudan.]] Lefelo la yone le le kwa godimo le mo kgaolong ya Karamoja, koo metsi a a elelang go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Napore-Nyangea le dithaba tsa Morungole le Zulia a dirang gore dinoka di elele ka dinako tsa ngwaga.<ref name=":0" />Noka e kgabaganya Kidepo Valley, nngwe ya dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa Kidepo Valley National Game Park, pele ga e kgabaganya go tsena mo [[South Sudan]].<ref name=":1" />Mafelo a a dikologileng a na le savanna e e bulegileng, mafelo a a bongola a setlha, dimela tsa noka, le dithaba tse di itlhaotseng tse di tlhotlheletsang metsi a lefelo leo le mefutafuta ya ditshedi. <ref name=":0" /> == Hydrology le dipaka == Kwa Kidepo Valley National Park, dinoka tsa Kidepo le Narus di tlhalosiwa jaaka "dinoka tsa motlhaba" tse di elelang ka bokhutshwane morago ga dipula tse di maatla, mme Kidepo Valley le melatswana ya yone e nna e omile mo karolong e kgolo ya ngwaga.<ref>[https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KVNP-2018-4.pdf KIDEPO VALLEY NATIONAL PARK: Park at a glance (PDF) (Report). Uganda Wildlife Authority.] Retrieved 18 December 2025.</ref>Go nna teng ga metsi mo dikgweding tse di omileng go begwa segolo thata jaaka matamo a masalela (segolo thata go bapa le Narus), a diphologolo tsa naga di a dirisang fa go se na metsi a a elelang kwa godimo.<ref name=":2">[https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KVNP-2018-4.pdf KIDEPO VALLEY NATIONAL PARK: Park at a glance (PDF) (Report). Uganda Wildlife Authority.] Retrieved 18 December 2025.</ref> Tlhaloso ya kwa ntle ya thulaganyo ya noka mo kgaolong ya Kidepo e tlhalosa Kidepo jaaka noka ya nakwana e e nang le go nna le merwalela, e e elelang mo tikologong e e omeletseng ya mokgatšha. <ref>[https://www.stevecunliffe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Africa-Geographic-Kidepo.pdf Kidepo Valley National Park in north-eastern Uganda (Africa Geographic, February 2008)] (PDF) (Report). Africa Geographic. Retrieved 18 December 2025</ref>Tshedimosetso ya Uganda Wildlife Authority ya Kidepo Valley National Park e bega ka tlelaemete e e omileng mme e neela dipharologano tsa pula magareng ga mokgatšha wa Narus (mo e ka nnang 890 mm ka ngwaga) le mokgatšha wa Kidepo (mo e ka nnang 635 mm ka ngwaga).<ref>[https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KVNP-2018-4.pdf KIDEPO VALLEY NATIONAL PARK: Park at a glance] (PDF) (Report). Uganda Wildlife Authority. Retrieved 18 December 2025.</ref> == Kgaolo ya Kidepo == Profaele ya taolo ya mafatshe a a bongola ya [[Sudan]] Borwa e tlhalosa "Kidepo Basin" jaaka e elelelang ka dikgaolo tsa Lamwo, Kitgum, le Kaabong mme e elela mo White Nile kwa Sudan Borwa ka dinoka tsa Kidepo le Narus.<ref>[https://nilebasin.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WRM-WBS-2022-11_South%2520Sudan%2520Wetlands%2520Governance%2520and%2520Management%2520Profile.pdf South Sudan Wetlands Governance and Management Profile] (PDF) (Report). Nile Basin Initiative. Retrieved 18 December 2025</ref> Motswedi o o tshwanang o bolela fa lefelo le le omileng, le na le mafelo a a bongola a dipaka a a begilweng go bapa le molelwane wa kgaolo ya Lamwo  ⁇  Kitgum le kwa dikarolong tsa Kgaolo ya Kaabong kwa karolong e e kwa godimo ya Noka ya Kidepo.<ref>[https://nilebasin.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WRM-WBS-2022-11_South%2520Sudan%2520Wetlands%2520Governance%2520and%2520Management%2520Profile.pdf South Sudan Wetlands Governance and Management Profile] (PDF) (Report). Nile Basin Initiative. Retrieved 18 December 2025.</ref> == Tikologo le mafelo a a sireleditsweng == Mokgatšha wa Kidepo ⁇ Narus o tshegetsa mafelo a a amanang le dinoka mo Kidepo Valley National Park. [[Uganda]] Wildlife Authority e tlhalosa gore pula ga e ne ka nako ya komelelo mme e bontsha pharologano magareng ga Kidepo Valley e e omileng le maemo a a ikanyegang a metsi a a amanang le kgaolo ya Narus.<ref>[https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KVNP-2018-4.pdf KIDEPO VALLEY NATIONAL PARK: Park at a glance] (PDF) (Report). Uganda Wildlife Authority. Retrieved 18 December 2025.</ref> Ka fa gare ga serapa sa bosetšhaba, ditlhare tsa Borassus di tlhalosiwa jaaka karolo e e tlwaelegileng go bapa le dinoka go akaretsa Kidepo le Narus.<ref>[https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Kidepo_Valley_-National_Park_GMP.pdf Kidepo Valley National Park General Management Plan 2012–2022] (PDF) (Report). Uganda Wildlife Authority. Retrieved 18 December 2025</ref> == Tlhokomelo == Bontsi jwa noka ya Kidepo bo mo Kidepo Valley National Game Park, e leng lefelo le le sireleditsweng le le laolwang ke Uganda Wildlife Authority. <ref name=":0" />Noka le mafelo a yone a a amanang le yone a thusa mo go bolokeng tikologo ya Kidepo-Narus, e tshegetsa diphologolo tsa naga le dimela tse di nnang gaufi le noka. Matamo a dipaka a a salang morago ga gore noka e kgaotse go elela a tlamela metswedi e e botlhokwa ya metsi a setlha se se omeletseng a diphologolo tsa naga mo teng ga Serapa.<ref name=":2" /> Ka jalo tshomarelo ya mafelo a dinoka e tsewa e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya tsamaiso ya tikologo e e anameng mo lefelong le le sireleditsweng.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 2pbvxt4vudpph4kq1jsg7egiazgtce1 0 13713 50849 2026-06-17T12:39:24Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Gilgil 50849 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Gilgil''' e elela karolo ya kwa tlase ga [[Great Rift Valley]], [[Kenya]] le kwa godimo ga thaba go ya kwa botlhaba jwa mokgatšha, e elela go tswa kwa bokone go ya kwa Letsheng la Naivasha. Noka eno e elela go ya kwa botlhaba jwa toropo ya Gilgil, e e mo bogodimong jwa naga e e fa gare ga dikhuti tsa Letsha la Naivasha le Letsha la Elmenteita. Noka e simologa kwa godimo ga dimetara di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano (8,200 ft), kwa pula e nang ka dimilimetara di le sekete le lekgolo (43 in) ngwaga le ngwaga. E na le metsi ngwaga otlhe. <ref>[[:en:Gilgil_River#CITEREFHarper2003|Harper 2003]], p. 1.</ref> Noka ya Gilgil e na le metswedi e meraro e megolo. Morindati e tlhatlogela kwa ka dimetara di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a supa (8,900 ft), Kiriundu kwa 2,710 metres (8,890 ft) le Little Gilgil kwa 2,400 metres (7,900 ft).<ref name=":0">[[:en:Gilgil_River#CITEREFHarper2003|Harper 2003,]] p. 19</ref> Boleele jo bo kwa godimodimo jwa kanale ke dikilometara di le masome a marataro (37 mi) le go wela kwa godimo ke dimetara di le makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le boraro (2,864 ft).<ref>[[:en:Gilgil_River#CITEREFHarper2003|Harper 2003,]] p. 16</ref> Bokone jwa letsha leno, noka e bulela mo lebaleng le le atlhameng la morwalela, le go neng ga epiwa mesele go tshegetsa temo ya go nosetsa. <ref name=":0" />Noka e e tsenang ka letsha la Naivasha e khurumeditswe ke Papyrus, sedges tse dingwe le Typha.<ref>[[:en:Gilgil_River#CITEREFLake_Naivasha_-_Birdlife|Lake Naivasha - Birdlife.]]</ref> Noka ya Gilgil le Malewa e kgolo thata ke tsone metswedi ya metsi a Letsha la Naivasha. Ka bobedi jwa tsone di tsenya seretse se sentsi mo letsheng ka paka ya dipula. Tharabololo e nngwe e e neng ya akantshiwa e ne e le go jala bojang jwa Vetiver go kgabaganya kgaolo ya delta, e e bontshitsweng mo mafelong a mangwe go nna mosola mo go tshwareng seretse le go thusa mafatshe a a bongola go boa a gola gape. <ref>[[:en:Gilgil_River#CITEREFVetiver2009|Vetiver 2009]]</ref> Moithutajioloji [[J.W. Gregory]] o ne a ribolola lefelo la bogologolo le le neng le le gaufi le Noka ya Gilgil le le neng le na le didirisiwa tse di dirilweng ka maje a a borethe a obsidian le dijana tsa letsopa tse di thata, tsa pele ga Motlha wa Tshipi. Didirisiwa di ne di akaretsa dikere tsa letlalo, di-borer le dithipa tse dinnye. <ref>[[:en:Gilgil_River#CITEREFGregory1896|Gregory 1896,]] p. 323</ref> == Metswedi == srfde6p4d4ihfk2jxyrsvueydk450nc 0 13714 50850 2026-06-17T12:43:39Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Witbank #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Witbank''' ke letamo le le tshegeditsweng le le kwa [[Noka ya Olifants( Western Cape)|nokeng ya Olifants]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1971, tiriso ya lone e tona ke go dira ditiro tsa mmasepala le go isa metsi kwa madirelong. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo. == Metswedi == remjvlhshaf4my1gjplv24qg811ys3x 50858 50850 2026-06-17T17:05:08Z Lucrucia98 12161 50858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Witbank''' ke letamo le le tshegeditsweng le le kwa [[Noka ya Olifants( Western Cape)|nokeng ya Olifants]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le motso(1971), tiriso ya lone e tona ke go dira ditiro tsa mmasepala le go isa metsi kwa madirelong. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo. == Metswedi == mjjals8d526t91x44hbd4ua3yno7g4k 0 13715 50851 2026-06-17T12:53:23Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Malewa 50851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Malewa''' e elela kwa bophirima jwa Aberdare Range kwa [[Kenya]] mme e elela kwa borwa le bophirima go tsena mo [[Letsheng la Naivasha]] kwa Great Rift Valley. Letsha la Naivasha ke motswedi wa botlhokwa wa metsi mo tikologong e e omileng, mme le tshegetsa kgwebo ya temothuo le ya go lema dithunya tse di yang kwa dinageng tse dingwe le bojanala. Boleng jwa metsi a Noka ya Malewa bo ile jwa senyega ka ntlha ya ditiro tse dintsi tsa batho mo karolong e e kwa godimo ya noka. Matswela a nako e telele a seno se nang le one mo diperesenteng tsa pula e e tsenang mo Letsheng la Naivasha ga a itsege sentle. Gongwe mo dingwageng tsa dipula tse di kwa tlase diperesente di tla fokotsega ka ntlha ya go gogiwa ga metsi, fa mo dingwageng tsa dipula tse di kwa godimo diperesente di tla oketsega ka ntlha ya mmu o o lemilweng o o nang le bokgoni jo bo kwa tlase jwa go tshwara metsi le go tsenngwa ga mafelo a a nang le metsi a a elelang a a fetang 100% jaaka ditsela tse di nang le asphalt le ditshipi tsa tshipi, jalo le jalo. == Tshwaro == Noka ya Malewa e e nang le bogolo jwa 1,730 square kilometres (670 sq mi) e tlamela ka 90% ya metsi a a elelang mo Letsheng la Naivasha, mme bontsi jwa metsi a a setseng a tswa mo Nokeng ya Gilgil. <ref>[[:en:Malewa_River#CITEREFGherardi2007|Gherardi 2007,]] p. 93.</ref> The headwaters of the main channel of the Malewa e simologa kwa bogodimong jwa 3,700 metres (12,100 ft) kwa dithabeng tsa Nyandarua (Aberdare). Noka ya yone e e leng Wanjohi e fepiwa ke dinoka tse dinnye tse di tswang mo mekgokoloseng ya Aberdares. <ref name=":0">[[:en:Malewa_River#CITEREFHarper2003|Harper 2003,]] p. 16</ref>Dinoka tse dingwe tse di tsenang mo nokeng ke Turasha, Simba, Nyairoko le Ol Kalou. <ref>[[:en:Malewa_River#CITEREFHarper2003|Harper 2003,]] p. 17</ref>Dinoka tse di mo lekadibeng la Malewa di boteng jo bo kwa tlase mme tsotlhe ke tse di sa feleng.<ref name=":0" /> Kgaolo ya Aberdare e amogela pula ya dimilimetara di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi ka ngwaga mme e na le dikgwa tse di kitlaneng. Dithaba tse di nosediwang ke Malewa ke tsa lekgwamolelo mme di tsenya sodium le calcium mo metsing ka go fetoga ga matlapa ka tsela ya dikhemikale. Sulphate mo metsing e tswa mo lefaufaung.<ref>[[:en:Malewa_River#CITEREFYoung1996|Young 1996,]] p. 142.</ref>Bokafantle jwa Rift Valley bo fokotsega ka dimilimetara di le makgolo a marataro fela ngwaga le ngwaga mme gantsi bo apesitswe ke ditlhare, mme go na le mmu o o se nang sepe. Dipula di na thata fa gare ga Maranang le Seetebosigo mme gape ka kgwedi ya Lwetse le NgwanatseleO. Kgogolego e kwa godimo thata mo dikgweding tseno.<ref>[[:en:Malewa_River#CITEREFHamududu1998|Hamududu]] 1998.</ref> == Tiriso ya lefatshe == Noka ya Malewa e nosediwa ke melatswana e e elelang go ralala Setlhaba sa Kinangop. Ka nako nngwe lefelo leno le le kwa godimo le ne le apesitswe ka botlalo ke bojang jo bo nang le ditlhare di le mmalwa fela. Mo mekgatšheng ya melatswana go ne go na le mafelo a mantsi a a nang le ditlhatshana tse dintsi. Balemirui ba Ba-Kikuyu ba ntse ba nna mo lefelong leno go tloga ka bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro. Ba ile ba lema karolo e kgolo ya naga go jala mmidi, korong, khabetšhe le ditapole. Bontsi jwa mafelo a a nang le metsi a a bongola a kgadile.<ref>[[:en:Malewa_River#CITEREFBirdlife_International|Birdlife International.]]</ref> Mo mafelong a go neng go se na metsi ka boomo mo go one, ditlhare tse di neng di jadilwe go nna dikota le dikgong di ne tsa monya metsi. Go na le tlwaelo ya go lema dijalo tsa dijo le tsa madi ka bontsi. <ref>[[:en:Malewa_River#CITEREFDarwin_Initiative2006|Darwin Initiative 2006.]]</ref> == Dikgang == Noka eno e tshosediwa ke go rengwa ga dikgwa le go khurumediwa ga mmu, go oketsega ga metsi a a dirisediwang go nosetsa, le kgotlelo ya menontsha le dibolayaditshenekegi. <ref>[[:en:Malewa_River#CITEREFLake_Naivasha_-_Malewa|Lake Naivasha - Malewa.]]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997) metsi a noka ya Malewa a a neng a tletse ka sediment a ne a tlhatlogela kwa godimo ka dimetara di le makgolo a matlhano go ya kwa Letsheng la Naivasha. <ref name=":0" /> Go fitlhelela metswedi ya tlholego le mebaraka ga go a lekalekana mo kgaolong eo. Go na le dikgotlhang tse dintsi tsa metsi mme lehuma le aname. Go tokafadiwa ga mekgwa ya go tsamaisa metswedi go ka dira gore go nne le ditlhabololo tse dikgolo mo go fokotseng kgotlelo le kgogolego. == Metswedi == hmru12al6v4tu7ehag3hnlfrn9aj6ol 0 13716 50852 2026-06-17T13:00:58Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la De Hoop #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la De Hoop''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka lokgarapana kwa [[Noka ya Steelpoort|nokeng ya Steelpoort]], gaufi le Burgersfort kwa [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] [[Aforika Borwa]]. Tiriso ya lone ke go netefatsa gore go kgona go epiwa manyatshipi kwa kgaolong ya Limpopo botlhaba, le go isa metsi kwa ditoropong, madirelo le metse e e kwa kgaolong ya Sekhukhune, kwa go isa ditirelo go neng go sa ema sentle.<ref name=":0">Celliers, Heléne (16 February 2014). [https://www.netwerk24.com/beeld "De Hoop-dam eers later voltooi".] Beeld. Retrieved 17 June 2026</ref> Go fediwa ga letamo go ne ga diega ka dingwaga di le nne (2010 go tsena 2014) ka ntlha ya mathata a go isa didirisiwa, setegeniki le didirisiwa, ditshekatsheko tsa ditlamorago mo tikologong, go fudusiwa ga malwapa kwa kgaolong eo, le go ngala ditiro ga babereki.<ref name=":0" /> Lephata la metsi le agile letamo legolo mo mafaratlhatlheng a [[Noka ya Olifants( Western Cape)|noka ya Olifants]], le e neng e le lone le letona kwa Aforika Borwa fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa 1970. Porojeke ya dibilone di le tharo, le didikadike di le nne e ne e akaretsa ditharabololo tsa kgothetso le tiriso ya lokgarapana, lephata le ne la amogela seetsele sa Fulton ka ntlha ya porojeke e.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Awarded by the Concrete Society of Southern Africa</ref> E ne e e legato la bobedi la lenaneo la metswedi ya metsi kwa nokeng ya Olifants, e le yone tharabololo ya go isa metsi kwa Nebo Plateau, kwa batho ba le dikete di le makgolo a robabobedi ba nnang teng. Legato la ntlha, le le feditsweng ka 2006, le ne le akaretsa go oketsa seelo kwa [[Letamo la Flag Boshielo|letamong la Flag Boshielo]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Couzens, E; Dent, M (5 July 2017). "[https://perjournal.co.za/article/view/2829 Finding Nema: The National Environmental Management Act, the De Hoop Dam, Conflict Resolution and Alternative Dispute Resolution in Environmental Disputes"]. ''Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad''. '''9''' (3): 1–51. doi:10.17159/1727-3781/2006/v9i3a2829. hdl:10394/1741. ISSN 1727-3781.</ref> == Metswedi == p2yev3yk2kzbjmsp9iem3tcvgqujchg 50859 50852 2026-06-17T17:09:06Z Lucrucia98 12161 50859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la De Hoop''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka lokgarapana kwa [[Noka ya Steelpoort|nokeng ya Steelpoort]], gaufi le Burgersfort kwa [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]] [[Aforika Borwa]]. Tiriso ya lone ke go netefatsa gore go kgona go epiwa manyatshipi kwa kgaolong ya Limpopo botlhaba, le go isa metsi kwa ditoropong, madirelo le metse e e kwa kgaolong ya Sekhukhune, kwa go isa ditirelo go neng go sa ema sentle.<ref name=":0">Celliers, Heléne (16 February 2014). [https://www.netwerk24.com/beeld "De Hoop-dam eers later voltooi".] Beeld. Retrieved 17 June 2026</ref> Go fediwa ga letamo go ne ga diega ka dingwaga di le nne (2010 go tsena 2014) ka ntlha ya mathata a go isa didirisiwa, setegeniki le didirisiwa, ditshekatsheko tsa ditlamorago mo tikologong, go fudusiwa ga malwapa kwa kgaolong eo, le go ngala ditiro ga babereki.<ref name=":0" /> Lephata la metsi le agile letamo legolo mo mafaratlhatlheng a [[Noka ya Olifants( Western Cape)|noka ya Olifants]], le e neng e le lone le letona kwa Aforika Borwa fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le msaome a supa (1970). Porojeke ya dibilone di le tharo, le didikadike di le nne e ne e akaretsa ditharabololo tsa kgothetso le tiriso ya lokgarapana, lephata le ne la amogela seetsele sa Fulton ka ntlha ya porojeke e.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Awarded by the Concrete Society of Southern Africa</ref> E ne e e legato la bobedi la lenaneo la metswedi ya metsi kwa nokeng ya Olifants, e le yone tharabololo ya go isa metsi kwa Nebo Plateau, kwa batho ba le dikete di le makgolo a robabobedi ba nnang teng. Legato la ntlha, le le feditsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), le ne le akaretsa go oketsa seelo kwa [[Letamo la Flag Boshielo|letamong la Flag Boshielo]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Couzens, E; Dent, M (5 July 2017). "[https://perjournal.co.za/article/view/2829 Finding Nema: The National Environmental Management Act, the De Hoop Dam, Conflict Resolution and Alternative Dispute Resolution in Environmental Disputes"]. ''Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad''. '''9''' (3): 1–51. doi:10.17159/1727-3781/2006/v9i3a2829. hdl:10394/1741. ISSN 1727-3781.</ref> == Metswedi == lhbkbnwng6a51ogl9ftzqz7bsrkgs60 0 13717 50853 2026-06-17T13:07:25Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50853 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mara River in Kenya 2022.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Mara kwa Kenya]] '''Noka ya Mara''' ke [[:en:River|noka]] e simololang go elela go tswa kwa [[:en:Narok_County|Narok County]] kwa [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] mme e felela kwa [[:en:Mara_Region|kgaolong ya Mara]] kwa [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]]. E kgabaganya tsela e [[:en:Ungulate|diphologolo tse di nang le diphuka]] di fudugang ka yone mo tikologong ya [[:en:Maasai_Mara|Maasai Mara]]/[[:en:Serengeti_National_Park|Serengeti]].<ref>"The Serengeti Ecosystem | Management | Vancouver Island University | Canada". management.viu.ca. Retrieved 2025-07-03.</ref> == Go elela ga Noka == Mokgatsha wa Noka ya Mara o na le bogolo jwa sekgala sa dikilometara di le dikete di le lesome le boraro le makgolo a matlhano le bone (5,214 sq mi), mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masome a marataro le botlhano tsa yone e kwa Kenya mme diperesente di le masome a mararo le botlhano kwa Tanzania.<ref>Jim K. Kairu, "Biodiversity Action Plan for Sustainable Management: Mara River Basin" (WWF, 2008)</ref> Go tswa kwa metsweding ya yone kwa dithabeng tsa Kenya, noka e elela bokgakala jwa dikilometara di ka nnang makgolo a mararo le masome a robabongwe le botlhano (245 mi) mme e simologa kwa [[:en:Mau_Escarpment|Mau Escarpment]] mme e elela mo [[:en:Lake_Victoria|lecheng la Victoria]]. Metsi a a ka kgaoganngwa ka dikarolo di le nne tsa go dirisa lefatshe/ kgotsa tsa tsamaiso. == Dikarolo tsa Mara == Mokgokolosa wa Mau: Noka ya Mara e tswa mo mogobeng wa Napuiyapi (2932 m), mme dinoka tse di kgolo tse di elelang di le dintsi ke Amala le Nyangores, tse di elelang go tswa kwa bophirima jwa Mokgokolosa wa Mau. Karolo eno ya lekadiba e na le dikgwa tse dingwe, e na le temothuo e potlana (e e ka fa tlase ga diheketara di le lesome) le dipolase tsa tee di na le diheketara di le masome a mane). Dithaba tsa Kenya: Mo lefelong le, dinoka tsa Amala le Nyangores di elela go mokgokoloseng wa Mau mme di kopana go bopa Noka ya Mara. Morago ga moo noka e elela go ya kwa pele go ralala naga e e bulegileng ya savannah e e laolwang ke dipolasi tsa setlhopha sa [[:en:Maasai_people|Maasai]] e e dirisiwang jaaka mafulo a diruiwa le go dira temothuo e nnye le e kgolo (e e fetang diheketara di le masome a mane). Metsi a dinoka tse nne tse di botlhokwa tsa Mara (Dinoka tsa Talek, Engare, Sand le Engito) le one a mo lefelong leno, mmogo le mafelo mangwe a a kwa godimo a a jaaka [[:en:Loita_Hills|dithaba tsa Loita.]] Mafelo a a Sireleditsweng: Kgabagare noka e e elela go ya kwa [[:en:Masai_Mara_National_Reserve|Masai Mara National Reserve]] e e itsegeng lefatshe lotlhe, kwa e kopanang gone le melatswana e meraro ya yone e mene e e umakilweng. Kwa molelwaneng wa Kenya le Tanzania, noka e e elela mo [[:en:Serengeti_National_Park|Serengeti National Park]] mme e kopanngwa le noka e tona ya bone e elelang mo yo yone: Noka ya Sand (kgotsa ya Longaianiet). Mo diphakeng tse tsa diphologolo tsa naga, batho ba dira fela tiro ya lebelela diphologolo tsa naga. Kwa tlase ga noka kwa Mara Region Tanzania: Fela fa Noka ya Mara e sena go tswa mo [[:en:Ikorongo_Game_Reserve|Ikorongo Game Reserve]] (e e mo molelwaneng wa Serengeti National Park) e ya kwa bokone. Mo lefelong le noka e e yang kwa borwabophirima gone, e elela gape e bo e wela mo melatswaneng e e farologaneng, e e elelang kwa [[:en:Mara_Wetland|mafelong a a bongola a Mara]] a a kwa tlase. Melatswana e le mafelo a a bongola a tswelela pele sekgala sa dikilometara le masome a supa go ela kwa tlase ga noka. Mo karolong e ya lekadiba, batho le leruo ba nna thata mme [[:en:Subsistence_agriculture|temo e nnye e dirisediwang go itshedisa]] ke yone e e dirisiwang thata mo lefatsheng. Mokgatsha wa Noka ya Mara ke mongwe wa [[:en:Drainage_basin|mekgatsha]] e le lesome ya metsi e e tsenang mo [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Lecheng la Victoria]] mme ka jalo e amana ka tsela ya go dira le ikholoji le ditiro tsa loago le ikonomi mo Lecheng la Victoria le go bapa le [[:en:Nile_River|Noka ya Nile]]. == Bogodimong le Mafelo a a farologaneng == [[:en:Altitude|Bogodimo]] jwa lefelo leno bo simolola ka dimetara di le dikete di le pedi le makgolo a le robongwe le masome a mararo le bobedi go dikologa metswedi e e kwa Mau Escarpment go fitlha go dimetara di le sekete le lekgolo le masome a mararo le bone go dikologa Letsha la Victoria. Selekanyo sa pula se farologana go ya ka bogodimo jono. Mokgokolosa wa Mau o amogela pula e ntsi ka palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e e fa gare ga dimilimetara di le sekete le sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano. Mafulo a a fa gare a savannah a a kgabaganyang melelwane a amogela palogare ya dimilimetara di le makgolo a le robongwe go ya go di le sekete, mme [[:en:Loita_Hills|dithaba tse di kwa tlase tsa Loita]] tsa Kenya le kgaolo e e dikologileng Letsha la Victoria di amogela pula ya dimilimetara di le makgolo a supa le makgolo a le robedi le masome a matlhano fela ka ngwaga. Mo godimo ga go fetofetoga ga pula mo lefaufaung, kgaolo e gape e itsege ka go fetofetoga ga pula mo lobakeng lwa nako, se se rayang gore mafelo a a farologaneng otlhe a amogela selekanyo se se farologaneng sa pula mo ngwageng. Dipaka tsa dipula ke tsa mefuta e mebedi, dipula tse di telele di simolola mo bogareng jwa Mopitlwe go fitlha ka Seetebosigo mme di na thata ka Moranang, fa dipula tse dikhutshwane tsone di na magareng ga Lwetse le Sedimonthole. == Ditlamorago tsa ga Mara == Noka e ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa dijo tsa diphologolo tse di fudisang mo lefeloong le. Le fa gone ka paka ya komelelo gantsi e ka lebega e se boteng, e ka nna ya bo e le bogolo jo bo fetang jwa yone gabedi fa pula e na thata. Se se ka dira gore go nne le makhubu mo nokeng, e leng se se ka dirang gore dibatana tse di sa kgoneng go kgabaganya noka go ya go tsoma di tlhaele dijo. == Bona gape == * [[:en:Nile|Noka ya Nile]] * [[:en:Nzoia_River|Noka ya Nzoia]] * [[:en:Yala_River|Noka ya Yala]] * [[:en:Masai_Mara|Maasai Mara]] * [[:en:Serengeti_National_Park|Serengeti National Park]] * [[:en:Mara_Region|Kgaolo ya Mara]] * [[:en:Narok_County|Narok County]] == References == ri4cac0ihmzq3r79jp3m05hd4mlnwcq 0 13718 50854 2026-06-17T13:15:47Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Flag Boshielo #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50854 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Flag Boshielo''' ke letangwana le le mo [[Noka ya Olifants( Western Cape)|nokeng ya Olifants]], gaufi le Marble Hall, kwa [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1987 le reeletswe ka molwela ditshwanelo [[Flag Boshielo]]. == Metswedi == itysmz9v2dlacwgr4vbhjp571vgeurb 0 13719 50857 2026-06-17T16:59:15Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA NARUS 50857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Narus''' e elela kwa ntlheng ya bokone-bophirima ka karolo ya borwa ya Kidepo Valley National Park kwa bokone jwa lefatshe la [[Uganda]], e kopana le Noka ya Kidepo gaufi le Komoloich, dikilometara tse di ka nnang lesome le boraro (13 (8.1 mi) morago ga go tsena kwa Eastern Equatoria state ya [[South Sudan]].<ref>[http://www.openstreetmap.org/?lat=3.9713&lon=33.582&zoom=14&layers=M ''Map of Komoloich'' (Map)]. Cartography by OpenStreetMap contributors. OpenStreetMap. 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012</ref>Leina la Narus le tswa mo lefokong la Karamajong le le rayang seretse.<ref>Simon Musasizi (24 October 2010). [http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10628:kidepo-ugandas-hidden-treasure&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Kidepo; Uganda's hidden treasure".] ''The Observer''. Retrieved 22 July 2011</ref> Molapo wa Narus o na le palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya pula e e kwa godimo ka masome a mane go feta ya Molapo wa Kidepo (89 cm (35 in) kgatlhanong le masome a marataro le bone (;64 cm (25 in)).<ref>Field, C. R.; Ross, I. C. (1 March 1976). "The savanna ecology of Kidepo Valley National Park". ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''14''' (1): 1–15. doi:1[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1976.tb00148.x|0.1111/j.1365-2028.1976.tb00148.x.]]</ref>Mmogo le popego ya mmu e e farologaneng, seno se dira gore go nne le matamo a a sa feleng le matamo a metsi go bapa le Noka ya Narus mo gare ga bojang jo bo makhubu le savanna ya mosaic ya sekgwa, <ref name=":0">Philip Briggs, Andrew Roberts (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=fPzAlYu6nEsC&pg=PA461 ''Uganda: the Bradt travel guide''. Bradt Travel Guides.] ISBN <bdi>1-84162-182-X</bdi>.</ref>tse di gogang diphologolo tsa naga mme e le legae la kwena ya Nile. <ref>Matthew Firestone (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=CZwi5RlRnAkC&pg=PA165 ''Watching Wildlife East Africa''. Lonely Planet.] p. 165. ISBN <bdi>1-74104-208-9</bdi>.</ref>Bontsi jwa mafaratlhatlha a bojanala a Phaka a kwa Narus Valley, jaaka bontsi jwa metshameko go tswa kwa Kidepo Valley e e atolositsweng ya bokone e fudugela koo ka paka ya komelelo.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == trewyova9827z6g1ijqkiamkapyq42v 0 13720 50860 2026-06-17T17:42:41Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA ACHWA 50860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Achwa''' ke noka ya kwa lefatsheng la [[Uganda|Uganda.]] E elela go kgabaganya karolo e e kwa bokone ya naga, e elela bontsi jwa bogodimo jwa [[Uganda]] le dithaba tsa bokone-botlhaba, pele e kgabaganya molelwane go tsena mo [[Sudan]] Borwa kwa e kopanelang le [[White Nile]] teng. Kwa Borwa jwa lefatshe la [[Sudan]] e bidiwa Noka ya Aswa. Noka eno e thusa batho ba ba nnang mo go yone ka go ba naya ditiro tsa go tshwara ditlhapi.<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_157135 "Human activities threaten River Aswa"]. ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-06-06</ref> Noka eno ke motswedi wa go itshedisa wa batho ba ba nnang gaufi le yone le fa gone e le mo kotsing ya go senyega.<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_157135 "Human activities threaten River Aswa".] ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-06-19</ref><ref>[https://africa.wetlands.org/en/news/rise-of-okom-restoring-ugandas-aswa-basin/ "Rise of Okom: Restoring Uganda's Aswa Basin".] ''Wetlands International Africa''. 2021. Retrieved 2024-06-19</ref>Ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng.<ref>[https://www.protectedplanet.net/315097 "Protected Planet | Achwa River]". ''Protected Planet''. Retrieved 2024-07-08</ref> Noka ya Achwa ke noka e kgolo e e kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe la Uganda e e elelang kwa bokone-bophirima go ya kwa lefatsheng la [[Sudan]] Borwa kwa e bidiwang Noka ya Aswa mme e kopana le White Nile. Noka e simologa mo dithabeng kwa bokone bophirima jwa porofense ya Katakwi mme e elela go ralala motsena wa Lira mme e nna molelwane magareng ga diporofense tsa Pader le Gulu koo Noka ya Agago mme morago Noka ya Pager e elela mo go yone. Noka ya Achwa e bopa karolo e kgolo ya molelwane magareng ga diporofense tsa Atiak le Kitgum pele e kgabaganya mo [[Sudan]] botlhaba jwa toropo ya molelwane ya Nimule mme e tsenelela mo Nokeng ya Nile e Tshweu dikilometara di ka nna lesome kwa bokone bophirima jwa Nimule. Karolo eo ya Noka ya Nile e Tshweu e bidiwa Bahr el Jebel kana "Noka ya Thaba", kana Noka ya Thaba. Noka ya Achwa e nosetsa karolo e kgolo ya naga e e dithaba ya bokonebotlhaba le plateau e e kwa bokone jwa lefatshe la Uganda. Fela jaaka dinoka tse dintsi mo kgaolong eno, go elela ga noka ya Achwa go tlhotlhelediwa thata ke dipaka le maemo a bosa. Ka dinako tse dingwe go ka nna ga nna le merwalela. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000), e ne ya nwela mo borogong jo bo golaganyang ditoropo tsa Gulu le Kitgum. Sekgala se se fa gare ga motswedi wa noka ya Achwa le fa e kopanelang teng le noka ya White Nile ke dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le botlhano. Noka eno e elela go ralala East [[Sudan]] savanna e e akaretsang karolo e kgolo ya bokonebotlhaba jwa lefatshe la Uganda. Savanna eno e e mogote, e e omileng, e e nang le ditlhare e e dirilweng thata ke mefuta ya ditlhare tsa Combretum le Terminalia le bojang jo boleele jwa tlou e amilwe ke ditiro tsa temothuo, molelo, go ntshiwa ga dikgong le magala, mme mafelo a magolo a a nang le tikologo e e sa senyegang a sa ntse a le teng tota le kwa ntle ga mafelo a a sireleditsweng. Dipalo tsa mefuta mengwe e megolo ya diamusi di ile tsa fokotsega ka ntlha ya go tsoma, mme palo e kgolo ya tse dingwe e sa ntse e le teng.<ref>http://www.visit-ug.nwtdemos.com/menu/category/where-to-go/lakes-and-rivers/achwa-river</ref> == Go tshwarwa ga metsi le thutabodimo == Lefelo la Aswa (Achwa) ke lefelo le le kgabaganyang molelwane magareng ga lefatshe la Uganda le la South Sudan, le le akaretsang go feta 31,000 km2. Wetlands International e bega gore Noka ya Aswa e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa [[Uganda]] e na le metsi a a ka nnang 27,677 km2 mme e na le ditikologo tse dikgolo tsa mafatshe a a bongola (mo e ka nnang 2,045 km2), mme e kgaogantswe ka dinoka di le robedi tse di elelang mo go yone.<ref name=":0">[https://eastafrica.wetlands.org/rise-of-okom-restoring-ugandas-aswa-basin/ "Rise of Okom: Restoring Uganda's Aswa Basin".] ''Wetlands International Africa''. 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2025-12-16.</ref>Palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya Aswa e begwa e le 3.0 km3 ka ngwaga (wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940) go ya ko ngwageng wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977). == Tikologo == Dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa lekadiba la Achwa di mo nageng ya savanna ya bokone jwa lefatshe la Uganda le la South Sudan. Dithulaganyo tsa mafelo a a bongola mo lekadibeng leno di tshegetsa thulaganyo ya metsi le go itshedisa ga batho ba lefelo leo, go akaretsa go tshwara ditlhapi le temothuo e nnye, mme di tlamela ka lefelo la go nna la mefutafuta ya ditshedi tse di ikaegileng ka mafelo a a bongola. == Go dirisiwa ke batho == Motlakase o o tswang mo metsing Noka ya Achwa e tshegetsa tlhabololo ya maatla a metsi a noka kwa bokone jwa Uganda. Porojeke ya Achwa II ke ya motlakase wa metsi wa dimekawate di le masome a mane le bobedi (42) e e leng mo nokeng ya Achwa mo dikgaolong tsa Pader, Kitgum le Gulu. Tiro ya porojeke e akaretsa ditsela tsa phitlhelelo le tsa tirelo le ditlamelo tsa kgokaganyo ya marangrang.<ref>[https://d-portal.org/q.html?aid=46002-P-UG-FAB-007 "Uganda - Achwa II Hydropower Plant"]. ''d-portal''. Retrieved 2025-12-16.</ref><ref>[https://mapafrica.afdb.org/en/projects/46002-P-UG-FAB-007 "Uganda - Achwa II Hydropower Plant (project page)"]. ''African Development Bank Group (MapAfrica)''. 2025-09-12. Retrieved 2025-12-16</ref> == Ditsela tsa go itshedisa == Batho ba ba nnang mo lekadibeng leno ba ikaegile ka metsi a dinoka le a mafelo a a bongola gore ba kgone go dirisa metsi mo malapeng a bone, go lema, go rua leruo le go tshwara ditlhapi, segolobogolo ka paka ya komelelo fa go se na metswedi e mengwe ya metsi. === Tshomarelo le matshosetsi === Dikarolo dingwe tsa lekadiba la Aswa di ile tsa lebana le mathata a go senyega ga tikologo a a amanang le go tsenelela ga mafelo a a bongola, go fetolwa ga mmu le go senyega ga tikologo ya metsi a a phepha. <ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/aswa-river-basin-degradation-threatens-access-to-safe-water-4661494 "Aswa River basin degradation threatens access to safe water"]. ''Daily Monitor (Nation.Africa)''. 2024-06-18. Retrieved 2025-12-16.</ref>Tiro ya tsosoloso mo lekadibeng e akareditse ditiro tsa tsamaiso ya metsi tse di neng di lebagane le mafelo a a bongola le go tsosolosa tikologo, jaaka go kwadilwe ke Wetlands International's  ⁇ Rise of Okom ⁇  initiative.<ref name=":0" /> === Mafelo a a Sireleditsweng === Protected Planet e kwadile  Achwa River jaaka lefelo le le sireleditsweng kwa lefatsheng la Uganda (85.68 km2), le le tlhophilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borobabobedi (1948).<ref>[https://www.protectedplanet.net/achwa-river "Achwa River (Protected Planet)".] ''Protected Planet''. Retrieved 2025-12-16.</ref> == Metswedi == gobe783xfdojb5ywm02xl5hhpu84elm 0 13721 50861 2026-06-17T17:42:55Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356616599|Thokozani Khupe]]" 50861 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thokozani Khupe''' (o tshotswe ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1963) ke lepolotiki la kwa [[Zimbabwe]], leloko la mokgatlho wa badiri le leloko la lekoko la [[CCC]]. E ne e le Mothusa-tonakgolo ka 2009 go ya go 2013. == Thuto == Khupe o tsholetswe kwa [[Bulawayo]], mme o ne a aloga ka 1999 kwa Turin Centre kwa [[Turin]], kwa Italy, ka setifikeiti sa Maranyane a Tshedimosetso. Gape o na le Bachelor of Arts mo Dithutong tsa Bobegadikgang go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe Open University]], Masters wa Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo, MBA go tswa kwa [[National University of Science and Technology]], le PhD mo Dithutong tsa Loago go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thokozani Khupe graduates with PHD |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-117872.html |website=Bulawayo24}}</ref> == Dipolotiki tsa mekgatlho ya badiri == O dirile jaaka modiredi wa Mokgatlho wa Diterena wa Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway Union (ZARU) ka 1987. Ka 1991 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi wa Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Basadi la [[ZCTU]] mme gape a nna leloko la Lekgotlakakaretso la ZCTU.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.itcilo.org/en/community/news/success-story-the-deputy-prime-minister-of-zimbabwe-is-a-former-turin-centre-participant|title=Success Story: the Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe is a former Turin Centre participant|last=BIZZOTTO|work=ITCILO|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Ka 1999 o ne a tsaya karolo mo go tlhameng lekoko la [[Movement for Democratic Change]], le mo go lone a neng a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Khuduthamaga ya Bosetšhaba le le neng le lebagane le Dipalamo, Dithulaganyo le Boitekanelo.. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Ka Seetebosigo 2000, Khupe o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Leloko la Palamente la Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Makokoba kwa [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2013 |title=MDC-T Byo members attack Khupe – The Zimbabwe Independent |url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2013/02/22/mdc-t-byo-members-attack-khupe/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=theindependent.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == == Metswedi == puupgdeh4y4jexon0t233s6wxivy6re 50862 50861 2026-06-17T17:44:30Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356616599|Thokozani Khupe]]" 50862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thokozani Khupe''' (o tshotswe ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1963) ke lepolotiki la kwa [[Zimbabwe]], leloko la mokgatlho wa badiri le leloko la lekoko la [[CCC]]. E ne e le Mothusa-tonakgolo ka 2009 go ya go 2013. Ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 2018, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa lekoko la gagwe la MDC-T kwa bokopanong jo bo sa tlwaelesegang kwa [[Bulawayo]] kwantle ga kganetso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Reporter |date=2018-04-21 |title=Khupe elected MDC-T President |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/main/khupe-unveils-new-look-mdc-t-leadership-at-extraordinary-congress/ |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=The Zimbabwe Mail |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka 2020 o ne a tlosiwa mo maemong a botautona wa lekoko ke Douglas Mwonzora mo gare ga dipolelo tse di maatla tsa tirisodikgoka le tsietso go tswa mo baemanokeng ba gagwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khupe Says Mwonzora Not Legitimate Leader of MDC-T |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-thokozani-khupe-mdc-t-congress-mwonzora-press-conference/5789676.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2022 |title=Mwonzora to recall Khupe from Parliament over split |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2022/01/mwonzora-to-recall-khupe-from-parliament-over-split/}}</ref> == Thuto == Khupe o tsholetswe kwa [[Bulawayo]], mme o ne a aloga ka 1999 kwa Turin Centre kwa [[Turin]], kwa Italy, ka setifikeiti sa Maranyane a Tshedimosetso. Gape o na le Bachelor of Arts mo Dithutong tsa Bobegadikgang go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe Open University]], Masters wa Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo, MBA go tswa kwa [[National University of Science and Technology]], le PhD mo Dithutong tsa Loago go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thokozani Khupe graduates with PHD |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-117872.html |website=Bulawayo24}}</ref> == Dipolotiki tsa mekgatlho ya badiri == O dirile jaaka modiredi wa Mokgatlho wa Diterena wa Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway Union (ZARU) ka 1987. Ka 1991 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi wa Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Basadi la [[ZCTU]] mme gape a nna leloko la Lekgotlakakaretso la ZCTU.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.itcilo.org/en/community/news/success-story-the-deputy-prime-minister-of-zimbabwe-is-a-former-turin-centre-participant|title=Success Story: the Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe is a former Turin Centre participant|last=BIZZOTTO|work=ITCILO|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Ka 1999 o ne a tsaya karolo mo go tlhameng lekoko la [[Movement for Democratic Change]], le mo go lone a neng a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Khuduthamaga ya Bosetšhaba le le neng le lebagane le Dipalamo, Dithulaganyo le Boitekanelo.. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Ka Seetebosigo 2000, Khupe o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Leloko la Palamente la Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Makokoba kwa [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2013 |title=MDC-T Byo members attack Khupe – The Zimbabwe Independent |url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2013/02/22/mdc-t-byo-members-attack-khupe/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=theindependent.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == == Metswedi == 5gqzqf67o3fojnscdxdmy5of8dvkuyb 50863 50862 2026-06-17T17:46:57Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356616599|Thokozani Khupe]]" 50863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thokozani Khupe''' (o tshotswe ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1963) ke lepolotiki la kwa [[Zimbabwe]], leloko la mokgatlho wa badiri le leloko la lekoko la [[CCC]]. E ne e le Mothusa-tonakgolo ka 2009 go ya go 2013. Morago ga loso lwa mothei wa lekoko [[Morgan Tsvangirai]] mo tshimologong ya 2018 Khupe o ne a le kgatlhanong le go tlhatloga ga ga [[Nelson Chamisa]] jaaka moeteledipele wa MDC-T ka mabaka a gore ke ene fela mo bathusatautoneng ba yone ba bararo ba ba tlhophilweng ke bokopano, fa Chamisa le mothusatautona wa boraro [[Elias Mudzusvangirai]] ba ne ba tlhomilwe ke T. Khupe o ne a tshegediwa ke bontsi jwa mokgatlho wa lekoko mo go seno, mme a latlhegelwa ke kgaratlho ya maatla go Chamisa; Khupe le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba tsaya lekoko la bone e le MDC-T e e kafa molaong mme ba tsweletse go dirisa leina la MDC-T. Ba amega mo ntweng ya kgotlatshekelo le lekoko la Chamisa ka leina la lekoko, matshwao, letshwao le letshwaokgwebo;<ref>{{Cite web |title=MDC-T name, symbols, logo fight: Chamisa wants Khupe interdicted – DailyNews Live |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/05/28/mdc-t-name-symbols-logo-fight-chamisa-wants-khupe-interdicted |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809153231/https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/05/28/mdc-t-name-symbols-logo-fight-chamisa-wants-khupe-interdicted |archive-date=2018-08-09 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> kgang e ne e ise e rarabololwe pele ga [[ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2018]] mme lekoko la ga Khupe le ne la tsenelela ditlhopho jaaka MDC-T fa lekoko le legolo la ga Chamisa le ne la tsenelela ditlhopho jaaka karolo ya [[MDC Alliance]] . Ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 2018, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa lekoko la gagwe la MDC-T kwa bokopanong jo bo sa tlwaelesegang kwa [[Bulawayo]] kwantle ga kganetso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Reporter |date=2018-04-21 |title=Khupe elected MDC-T President |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/main/khupe-unveils-new-look-mdc-t-leadership-at-extraordinary-congress/ |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=The Zimbabwe Mail |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka 2020 o ne a tlosiwa mo maemong a botautona wa lekoko ke Douglas Mwonzora mo gare ga dipolelo tse di maatla tsa tirisodikgoka le tsietso go tswa mo baemanokeng ba gagwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khupe Says Mwonzora Not Legitimate Leader of MDC-T |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-thokozani-khupe-mdc-t-congress-mwonzora-press-conference/5789676.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2022 |title=Mwonzora to recall Khupe from Parliament over split |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2022/01/mwonzora-to-recall-khupe-from-parliament-over-split/}}</ref> == Thuto == Khupe o tsholetswe kwa [[Bulawayo]], mme o ne a aloga ka 1999 kwa Turin Centre kwa [[Turin]], kwa Italy, ka setifikeiti sa Maranyane a Tshedimosetso. Gape o na le Bachelor of Arts mo Dithutong tsa Bobegadikgang go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe Open University]], Masters wa Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo, MBA go tswa kwa [[National University of Science and Technology]], le PhD mo Dithutong tsa Loago go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thokozani Khupe graduates with PHD |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-117872.html |website=Bulawayo24}}</ref> == Dipolotiki tsa mekgatlho ya badiri == O dirile jaaka modiredi wa Mokgatlho wa Diterena wa Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway Union (ZARU) ka 1987. Ka 1991 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi wa Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Basadi la [[ZCTU]] mme gape a nna leloko la Lekgotlakakaretso la ZCTU.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.itcilo.org/en/community/news/success-story-the-deputy-prime-minister-of-zimbabwe-is-a-former-turin-centre-participant|title=Success Story: the Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe is a former Turin Centre participant|last=BIZZOTTO|work=ITCILO|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Ka 1999 o ne a tsaya karolo mo go tlhameng lekoko la [[Movement for Democratic Change]], le mo go lone a neng a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Khuduthamaga ya Bosetšhaba le le neng le lebagane le Dipalamo, Dithulaganyo le Boitekanelo.. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Ka Seetebosigo 2000, Khupe o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Leloko la Palamente la Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Makokoba kwa [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2013 |title=MDC-T Byo members attack Khupe – The Zimbabwe Independent |url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2013/02/22/mdc-t-byo-members-attack-khupe/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=theindependent.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == == Metswedi == exy1dg4ehvphezl8kg8ip1nnd13r65e 50864 50863 2026-06-17T17:49:14Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356616599|Thokozani Khupe]]" 50864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thokozani Khupe''' (o tshotswe ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1963) ke lepolotiki la kwa [[Zimbabwe]], leloko la mokgatlho wa badiri le leloko la lekoko la [[CCC]]. E ne e le Mothusa-tonakgolo ka 2009 go ya go 2013. Morago ga loso lwa mothei wa lekoko [[Morgan Tsvangirai]] mo tshimologong ya 2018 Khupe o ne a le kgatlhanong le go tlhatloga ga ga [[Nelson Chamisa]] jaaka moeteledipele wa MDC-T ka mabaka a gore ke ene fela mo bathusatautoneng ba yone ba bararo ba ba tlhophilweng ke bokopano, fa Chamisa le mothusatautona wa boraro [[Elias Mudzusvangirai]] ba ne ba tlhomilwe ke T. Khupe o ne a tshegediwa ke bontsi jwa mokgatlho wa lekoko mo go seno, mme a latlhegelwa ke kgaratlho ya maatla go Chamisa; Khupe le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba tsaya lekoko la bone e le MDC-T e e kafa molaong mme ba tsweletse go dirisa leina la MDC-T. Ba amega mo ntweng ya kgotlatshekelo le lekoko la Chamisa ka leina la lekoko, matshwao, letshwao le letshwaokgwebo;<ref>{{Cite web |title=MDC-T name, symbols, logo fight: Chamisa wants Khupe interdicted – DailyNews Live |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/05/28/mdc-t-name-symbols-logo-fight-chamisa-wants-khupe-interdicted |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809153231/https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/05/28/mdc-t-name-symbols-logo-fight-chamisa-wants-khupe-interdicted |archive-date=2018-08-09 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> kgang e ne e ise e rarabololwe pele ga [[ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2018]] mme lekoko la ga Khupe le ne la tsenelela ditlhopho jaaka MDC-T fa lekoko le legolo la ga Chamisa le ne la tsenelela ditlhopho jaaka karolo ya [[MDC Alliance]] . Ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 2018, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa lekoko la gagwe la MDC-T kwa bokopanong jo bo sa tlwaelesegang kwa [[Bulawayo]] kwantle ga kganetso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Reporter |date=2018-04-21 |title=Khupe elected MDC-T President |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/main/khupe-unveils-new-look-mdc-t-leadership-at-extraordinary-congress/ |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=The Zimbabwe Mail |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka 2020 o ne a tlosiwa mo maemong a botautona wa lekoko ke Douglas Mwonzora mo gare ga dipolelo tse di maatla tsa tirisodikgoka le tsietso go tswa mo baemanokeng ba gagwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khupe Says Mwonzora Not Legitimate Leader of MDC-T |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-thokozani-khupe-mdc-t-congress-mwonzora-press-conference/5789676.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2022 |title=Mwonzora to recall Khupe from Parliament over split |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2022/01/mwonzora-to-recall-khupe-from-parliament-over-split/}}</ref> == Thuto == Khupe o tsholetswe kwa [[Bulawayo]], mme o ne a aloga ka 1999 kwa Turin Centre kwa [[Turin]], kwa Italy, ka setifikeiti sa Maranyane a Tshedimosetso. Gape o na le Bachelor of Arts mo Dithutong tsa Bobegadikgang go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe Open University]], Masters wa Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo, MBA go tswa kwa [[National University of Science and Technology]], le PhD mo Dithutong tsa Loago go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thokozani Khupe graduates with PHD |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-117872.html |website=Bulawayo24}}</ref> == Dipolotiki tsa mekgatlho ya badiri == O dirile jaaka modiredi wa Mokgatlho wa Diterena wa Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway Union (ZARU) ka 1987. Ka 1991 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi wa Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Basadi la [[ZCTU]] mme gape a nna leloko la Lekgotlakakaretso la ZCTU.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.itcilo.org/en/community/news/success-story-the-deputy-prime-minister-of-zimbabwe-is-a-former-turin-centre-participant|title=Success Story: the Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe is a former Turin Centre participant|last=BIZZOTTO|work=ITCILO|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Ka 1999 o ne a tsaya karolo mo go tlhameng lekoko la [[Movement for Democratic Change]], le mo go lone a neng a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Khuduthamaga ya Bosetšhaba le le neng le lebagane le Dipalamo, Dithulaganyo le Boitekanelo.. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Ka Seetebosigo 2000, Khupe o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Leloko la Palamente la Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Makokoba kwa [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2013 |title=MDC-T Byo members attack Khupe – The Zimbabwe Independent |url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2013/02/22/mdc-t-byo-members-attack-khupe/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=theindependent.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2005 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mothusatautona wa [[Movement for Democratic Change]]( MDC )<ref name="tvnz">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe enforces price freeze |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411366/1221780 |publisher=Tvnz.co.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|publisher=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7000314.stm|title=Constitutional deal in Zimbabwe}}</ref> a tsaya marapo go tswa go mogale wa mokgatlho wa badiri e bong [[Gibson Sibanda]].<ref name="reform">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2007 |title=Opposition seeks AU team to monitor Zimbabwe elections |url=http://www.afriquenligne.fr/actualites/english_section/opposition_seeks_au_team_to_monitor_zimbabwe_elections_200706291064/ |publisher=Afriqueenligne.fr}}</ref> Mongwe wa balekane ba gagwe ba ba gaufi mo Senateng ya Zimbabwe e ne e le [[Mildred Reason Dube]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2020 |title=Khupe reacts angrily to her 'expulsion' as MDC-T leader |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/politics/khupe-reacts-angrily-to-her-expulsion-as-mdc-t-leader/ |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[The Zimbabwe Mail]]}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo wa 2022, Khuphe o ne a rotloetsa batho ba Zimbabwe go tlhopha [[Citizens Coalition for Change]] mo ditlhophong tsa tlaleletso tsa kgwedi eo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2022 |title=MDC-T's Thokozani Khupe Urges Zimbabweans to Vote for Citizens Coalition for Change Candidates in Forthcoming National By-elections |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/6494941.html |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == == Metswedi == lduymskr57d173k6l68dhtou0mnt53c 50865 50864 2026-06-17T17:50:17Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356616599|Thokozani Khupe]]" 50865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thokozani Khupe''' (o tshotswe ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1963) ke lepolotiki la kwa [[Zimbabwe]], leloko la mokgatlho wa badiri le leloko la lekoko la [[CCC]]. E ne e le Mothusa-tonakgolo ka 2009 go ya go 2013. Morago ga loso lwa mothei wa lekoko [[Morgan Tsvangirai]] mo tshimologong ya 2018 Khupe o ne a le kgatlhanong le go tlhatloga ga ga [[Nelson Chamisa]] jaaka moeteledipele wa MDC-T ka mabaka a gore ke ene fela mo bathusatautoneng ba yone ba bararo ba ba tlhophilweng ke bokopano, fa Chamisa le mothusatautona wa boraro [[Elias Mudzusvangirai]] ba ne ba tlhomilwe ke T. Khupe o ne a tshegediwa ke bontsi jwa mokgatlho wa lekoko mo go seno, mme a latlhegelwa ke kgaratlho ya maatla go Chamisa; Khupe le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba tsaya lekoko la bone e le MDC-T e e kafa molaong mme ba tsweletse go dirisa leina la MDC-T. Ba amega mo ntweng ya kgotlatshekelo le lekoko la Chamisa ka leina la lekoko, matshwao, letshwao le letshwaokgwebo;<ref>{{Cite web |title=MDC-T name, symbols, logo fight: Chamisa wants Khupe interdicted – DailyNews Live |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/05/28/mdc-t-name-symbols-logo-fight-chamisa-wants-khupe-interdicted |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809153231/https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/05/28/mdc-t-name-symbols-logo-fight-chamisa-wants-khupe-interdicted |archive-date=2018-08-09 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> kgang e ne e ise e rarabololwe pele ga [[ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2018]] mme lekoko la ga Khupe le ne la tsenelela ditlhopho jaaka MDC-T fa lekoko le legolo la ga Chamisa le ne la tsenelela ditlhopho jaaka karolo ya [[MDC Alliance]] . Ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 2018, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa lekoko la gagwe la MDC-T kwa bokopanong jo bo sa tlwaelesegang kwa [[Bulawayo]] kwantle ga kganetso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Reporter |date=2018-04-21 |title=Khupe elected MDC-T President |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/main/khupe-unveils-new-look-mdc-t-leadership-at-extraordinary-congress/ |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=The Zimbabwe Mail |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka 2020 o ne a tlosiwa mo maemong a botautona wa lekoko ke Douglas Mwonzora mo gare ga dipolelo tse di maatla tsa tirisodikgoka le tsietso go tswa mo baemanokeng ba gagwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khupe Says Mwonzora Not Legitimate Leader of MDC-T |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-thokozani-khupe-mdc-t-congress-mwonzora-press-conference/5789676.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2022 |title=Mwonzora to recall Khupe from Parliament over split |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2022/01/mwonzora-to-recall-khupe-from-parliament-over-split/}}</ref> == Thuto == Khupe o tsholetswe kwa [[Bulawayo]], mme o ne a aloga ka 1999 kwa Turin Centre kwa [[Turin]], kwa Italy, ka setifikeiti sa Maranyane a Tshedimosetso. Gape o na le Bachelor of Arts mo Dithutong tsa Bobegadikgang go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe Open University]], Masters wa Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo, MBA go tswa kwa [[National University of Science and Technology]], le PhD mo Dithutong tsa Loago go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thokozani Khupe graduates with PHD |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-117872.html |website=Bulawayo24}}</ref> == Dipolotiki tsa mekgatlho ya badiri == O dirile jaaka modiredi wa Mokgatlho wa Diterena wa Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway Union (ZARU) ka 1987. Ka 1991 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi wa Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Basadi la [[ZCTU]] mme gape a nna leloko la Lekgotlakakaretso la ZCTU.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.itcilo.org/en/community/news/success-story-the-deputy-prime-minister-of-zimbabwe-is-a-former-turin-centre-participant|title=Success Story: the Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe is a former Turin Centre participant|last=BIZZOTTO|work=ITCILO|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Ka 1999 o ne a tsaya karolo mo go tlhameng lekoko la [[Movement for Democratic Change]], le mo go lone a neng a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Khuduthamaga ya Bosetšhaba le le neng le lebagane le Dipalamo, Dithulaganyo le Boitekanelo.. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Ka Seetebosigo 2000, Khupe o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Leloko la Palamente la Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Makokoba kwa [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2013 |title=MDC-T Byo members attack Khupe – The Zimbabwe Independent |url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2013/02/22/mdc-t-byo-members-attack-khupe/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=theindependent.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref> O nnile dingwaga di le mmalwa e le leloko le le tlhagafetseng la Mafaratlhatlha a Palamente ya Aforika kgatlhanong le Tshenyetso setshaba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2006 |title=Leadership profiles |url=http://www.thezimbabwean.co/2006/04/leadership-profiles/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=thezimbabwean.co |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2005 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mothusatautona wa [[Movement for Democratic Change]]( MDC )<ref name="tvnz">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe enforces price freeze |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411366/1221780 |publisher=Tvnz.co.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|publisher=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7000314.stm|title=Constitutional deal in Zimbabwe}}</ref> a tsaya marapo go tswa go mogale wa mokgatlho wa badiri e bong [[Gibson Sibanda]].<ref name="reform">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2007 |title=Opposition seeks AU team to monitor Zimbabwe elections |url=http://www.afriquenligne.fr/actualites/english_section/opposition_seeks_au_team_to_monitor_zimbabwe_elections_200706291064/ |publisher=Afriqueenligne.fr}}</ref> Mongwe wa balekane ba gagwe ba ba gaufi mo Senateng ya Zimbabwe e ne e le [[Mildred Reason Dube]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2020 |title=Khupe reacts angrily to her 'expulsion' as MDC-T leader |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/politics/khupe-reacts-angrily-to-her-expulsion-as-mdc-t-leader/ |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[The Zimbabwe Mail]]}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo wa 2022, Khuphe o ne a rotloetsa batho ba Zimbabwe go tlhopha [[Citizens Coalition for Change]] mo ditlhophong tsa tlaleletso tsa kgwedi eo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2022 |title=MDC-T's Thokozani Khupe Urges Zimbabweans to Vote for Citizens Coalition for Change Candidates in Forthcoming National By-elections |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/6494941.html |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == == Metswedi == fsn6lpbnes3w5gi7w9g9hu58q5gxf80 50866 50865 2026-06-17T17:56:40Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356616599|Thokozani Khupe]]" 50866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thokozani Khupe''' (o tshotswe ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1963) ke lepolotiki la kwa [[Zimbabwe]], leloko la mokgatlho wa badiri le leloko la lekoko la [[CCC]]. E ne e le Mothusa-tonakgolo ka 2009 go ya go 2013. Morago ga loso lwa mothei wa lekoko [[Morgan Tsvangirai]] mo tshimologong ya 2018 Khupe o ne a le kgatlhanong le go tlhatloga ga ga [[Nelson Chamisa]] jaaka moeteledipele wa MDC-T ka mabaka a gore ke ene fela mo bathusatautoneng ba yone ba bararo ba ba tlhophilweng ke bokopano, fa Chamisa le mothusatautona wa boraro [[Elias Mudzusvangirai]] ba ne ba tlhomilwe ke T. Khupe o ne a tshegediwa ke bontsi jwa mokgatlho wa lekoko mo go seno, mme a latlhegelwa ke kgaratlho ya maatla go Chamisa; Khupe le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba tsaya lekoko la bone e le MDC-T e e kafa molaong mme ba tsweletse go dirisa leina la MDC-T. Ba amega mo ntweng ya kgotlatshekelo le lekoko la Chamisa ka leina la lekoko, matshwao, letshwao le letshwaokgwebo;<ref>{{Cite web |title=MDC-T name, symbols, logo fight: Chamisa wants Khupe interdicted – DailyNews Live |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/05/28/mdc-t-name-symbols-logo-fight-chamisa-wants-khupe-interdicted |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809153231/https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2018/05/28/mdc-t-name-symbols-logo-fight-chamisa-wants-khupe-interdicted |archive-date=2018-08-09 |website=dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> kgang e ne e ise e rarabololwe pele ga [[ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2018]] mme lekoko la ga Khupe le ne la tsenelela ditlhopho jaaka MDC-T fa lekoko le legolo la ga Chamisa le ne la tsenelela ditlhopho jaaka karolo ya [[MDC Alliance]] . Ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 2018, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa lekoko la gagwe la MDC-T kwa bokopanong jo bo sa tlwaelesegang kwa [[Bulawayo]] kwantle ga kganetso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Reporter |date=2018-04-21 |title=Khupe elected MDC-T President |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/main/khupe-unveils-new-look-mdc-t-leadership-at-extraordinary-congress/ |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=The Zimbabwe Mail |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ka 2020 o ne a tlosiwa mo maemong a botautona wa lekoko ke Douglas Mwonzora mo gare ga dipolelo tse di maatla tsa tirisodikgoka le tsietso go tswa mo baemanokeng ba gagwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khupe Says Mwonzora Not Legitimate Leader of MDC-T |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-thokozani-khupe-mdc-t-congress-mwonzora-press-conference/5789676.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2022 |title=Mwonzora to recall Khupe from Parliament over split |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2022/01/mwonzora-to-recall-khupe-from-parliament-over-split/}}</ref> == Thuto == Khupe o tsholetswe kwa [[Bulawayo]], mme o ne a aloga ka 1999 kwa Turin Centre kwa [[Turin]], kwa Italy, ka setifikeiti sa Maranyane a Tshedimosetso. Gape o na le Bachelor of Arts mo Dithutong tsa Bobegadikgang go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe Open University]], Masters wa Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo, MBA go tswa kwa [[National University of Science and Technology]], le PhD mo Dithutong tsa Loago go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thokozani Khupe graduates with PHD |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-117872.html |website=Bulawayo24}}</ref> == Dipolotiki tsa mekgatlho ya badiri == O dirile jaaka modiredi wa Mokgatlho wa Diterena wa Zimbabwe Amalgamated Railway Union (ZARU) ka 1987. Ka 1991 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi wa Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Basadi la [[ZCTU]] mme gape a nna leloko la Lekgotlakakaretso la ZCTU.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.itcilo.org/en/community/news/success-story-the-deputy-prime-minister-of-zimbabwe-is-a-former-turin-centre-participant|title=Success Story: the Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe is a former Turin Centre participant|last=BIZZOTTO|work=ITCILO|access-date=2018-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Ka 1999 o ne a tsaya karolo mo go tlhameng lekoko la [[Movement for Democratic Change]], le mo go lone a neng a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Khuduthamaga ya Bosetšhaba le le neng le lebagane le Dipalamo, Dithulaganyo le Boitekanelo.. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Ka Seetebosigo 2000, Khupe o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Leloko la Palamente la Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya Makokoba kwa [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2013 |title=MDC-T Byo members attack Khupe – The Zimbabwe Independent |url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2013/02/22/mdc-t-byo-members-attack-khupe/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=theindependent.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref> E ne e le leloko la Komiti ya Tekanyetsomadi, Matlole le Tlhabololo ya Itsholelo; le ka ga Komiti ya Tlhabololo ya Basha, Bong le Tlhomo ya Ditiro mme o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mothusamodulasetilo wa Lekgotla la Basadi la Palamente mme a nna Mothusa Whip yo Mogolo wa Palamente wa MDC. O ne a ipoeletsa mo kgaolong eo ya botlhophi gape ka [[Ditlhopho tsa palamente tsa Mopitlo wa 2005|ditlhopho tsa]]Setlamo sa Palamente sa Tshireletso, Merero ya Selegae le Tshireletsego ya Bosetšhaba le ya Tekanyetsomadi, Matlole le Tlhabololo ya Itsholelo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2006 |title=Leadership profiles |url=http://www.thezimbabwean.co/2006/04/leadership-profiles/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=thezimbabwean.co |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2006/04/leadership-profiles/ "Leadership profiles"]. ''thezimbabwean.co''. 6 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Mo [[ditlhophong tsa palamente tsa Mopitlo 2008]], Khupe o ne a tsenelela ditlhopho gape kwa kgaolong ya botlhophi ya Makokoba jaaka ntlhopheng wa lekoko la MDC-Tsvangirai, a fenya [[Welshman Ncube]], Mokwaledikakaretso wa lekoko la MDC-Mutambara. O ne a bona ditalama di le dikete tse nne, lekgolo le masome a mabedi le boraro kgatlhanong le ditalama di le dikete tse pedi, makgolo a mane masome a supa le botlhano tsa ga Ncube.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe election results 2008 |url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/pages/electoral203.17984.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080405183324/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/pages/electoral203.17984.html |archive-date=5 April 2008 |publisher=Newzimbabwe.com}}</ref> O nnile dingwaga di le mmalwa e le leloko le le tlhagafetseng la Mafaratlhatlha a Palamente ya Aforika kgatlhanong le Tshenyetso setshaba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2006 |title=Leadership profiles |url=http://www.thezimbabwean.co/2006/04/leadership-profiles/ |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=thezimbabwean.co |language=en-US}}</ref> Khupe e ne e le Mothusatona wa Zimbabwe go tloga Tlhakole a le malatsi a le lesome le motso ka 2009 go fitlha ka Phatwe wa 2013 mo [[pusong ya kutlwano ya bosetšhaba]] magareng ga MDC-T le [[ZANU-PF]]. E ne e le Mopalamente wa kgaolo ya botlhophi ya [[Makokoba]] pele ga a gogelwa morago ke lekoko la gagwe ka 2018 ka mabaka a gore ga a tlhole a emela dikgatlhego tsa lekoko.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-thokozani-khupe-expulsion-parliament/4344228.html|title=Zimbabwe Opposition MDC-T Recalls VP Thokozani Khupe from Parliament}}</ref> Ka 2005 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mothusatautona wa [[Movement for Democratic Change]]( MDC )<ref name="tvnz">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe enforces price freeze |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411366/1221780 |publisher=Tvnz.co.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|publisher=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7000314.stm|title=Constitutional deal in Zimbabwe}}</ref> a tsaya marapo go tswa go mogale wa mokgatlho wa badiri e bong [[Gibson Sibanda]].<ref name="reform">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2007 |title=Opposition seeks AU team to monitor Zimbabwe elections |url=http://www.afriquenligne.fr/actualites/english_section/opposition_seeks_au_team_to_monitor_zimbabwe_elections_200706291064/ |publisher=Afriqueenligne.fr}}</ref> Mongwe wa balekane ba gagwe ba ba gaufi mo Senateng ya Zimbabwe e ne e le [[Mildred Reason Dube]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2020 |title=Khupe reacts angrily to her 'expulsion' as MDC-T leader |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/politics/khupe-reacts-angrily-to-her-expulsion-as-mdc-t-leader/ |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[The Zimbabwe Mail]]}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo wa 2022, Khuphe o ne a rotloetsa batho ba Zimbabwe go tlhopha [[Citizens Coalition for Change]] mo ditlhophong tsa tlaleletso tsa kgwedi eo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2022 |title=MDC-T's Thokozani Khupe Urges Zimbabweans to Vote for Citizens Coalition for Change Candidates in Forthcoming National By-elections |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/6494941.html |access-date=6 October 2022 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> == Ditso tsa ditlhopho == == Metswedi == 6z4qc6az23mxmh6fapzadqe1ob9ram8 0 13722 50867 2026-06-17T18:17:17Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346314131|Priscilla Misihairabwi-Mushonga]]" 50867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Priscilla Misihairabwi-Mushonga''' ke lepolotiki [[Zimbabwe|wa kwa Zimbabwe]] e bile ke Moemedi kwa Bogosing jwa [[Sweden]] . Ka nako ya fa a ne a le Mopalamente wa Glen Norah, o ne a dira gape jaaka tona ya merero ya mafatshe sele wa [[Movement for Democratic Change]]. Fa lekoko le kgaogana ka 2005, o ne a sala le setlhopha sa MDC mme a tlhophiwa go nna Mothusa Mokwaledi-Mogolo wa lekoko leo. O ntse a emetse lekoko la gagwe mo dipuisanong tsa sepolotiki tsa Zimbabwe. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Ka 2009 o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Tona ya Kopano ya Dikgaolo le Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba. Mo pusong ya kutlwano ya bosetšhaba mo kokoanong ya MDC ya 2011 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Mokwaledimogolo wa lekoko, maemo a a tla a tshwarang go fitlha kwa bokopanong jo bo latelang ka 2016. Ke moemedi yo mogolo wa MDC kwa JOMIC (Komiti e e Kopanetsweng ya Tlhokomelo le Tiragatso) le COPAC, Komiti ya Molaomotheo ya Zimbabwe ya Palamente ya molaomotheo.<ref name="swornin">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2009 |title=Cabinet sworn in amid chaotic scenes |url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/pages/minister20.19389.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214135850/http://newzimbabwe.com/pages/minister20.19389.html |archive-date=14 February 2009 |access-date=2009-02-13 |publisher=NewZimbabwe.com}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2024 o ne a tsaya karolo mo ''Bokopanong jwa Botsogo jwa Basadi ba Nordic-Africa'' e e neng e rulagantswe ke Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Ditharabololo tsa go Lwantsha Megare. O ne a buisana ka "go tlamela ka boitekanelo jwa basadi le bana" le baemedi ba bangwe ba ba neng ba akaretsa baemedi ba bangwe ba ba tlhomologileng ba basadi ba Aforika ya Bokone go akaretsa [[Angeline Kavindu Musili]] wa Kenya, Margaret M. Otteskov wa Uganda, [[Diane Gashumba]] wa Rwanda le Priscilla Mushongahaira wa Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassan |first=Julie |date=2024-10-17 |title=Connecting AMR, Gender, and Equity at the Nordic–African Women’s Health Forum |url=https://icars-global.org/connecting-amr-gender-and-equity-at-the-nordic-african-womens-health-forum/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=ICARS |language=en-US}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == O ne a nna motlholagadi morago ga gore monna wa gagwe, Dr Christopher Mushonga, a tlhokafale ka ntlha ya dikgobalo tse a neng a di bone ka nako ya go utswela mo go neng ga se ka ga atlega.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.zimdaily.com/news/mushonga27.7353.html|title=Mushonga killer gang now faces murder charge|date=19 August 2009|publisher=ZimDaily.com|access-date=2010-01-07}}</ref> == Metswedi == m2j55bcgngd2pibjch9ev0jhdh3kw8n 0 13723 50868 2026-06-17T18:21:52Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA PAGER 50868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Pager''' ke noka ya kwa lefatsheng la Uganda kwa Afrika Botlhaba. E elela go ralala karolo e e kwa bokone ya naga mme e tsenelela mo Nokeng ya Achwa. Noka eno e elela go bapa le Kitgum Matidi mo kgaolong ya Kitgum kwa Uganda. E na le sekgala sa dikilometara di le 194.79.<ref name=":0">[https://ug.geoview.info/pager_river,141321125w "Pager River, Kitgum District, Northern Region, Uganda"]. ''ug.geoview.info''. Retrieved 8 June 2024.</ref> == Tsela le kgogolego == Dithuto di tlhalosa noka ya Pager e e elelang ka Labongo Layamo, Labongo Akwang le Labongo Amida di-sub-counties le masepala wa Kitgum pele ga e kopana le noka ya Achwa, gaufi le fa noka ya Agago le yone e tsenang mo tsamaisong ya Achwa. Ditokomane tsa thulaganyo ya kgaolo ya Kitgum di tlhalosa melatswana e mentsi ya selegae e e elelang mo nokeng ya Pager, e e elelang go ya kwa bophirima go kgabaganya kgaolo go ya go kopana le Noka ya Aswa (Achwa), e e leng karolo ya noka ya Nile.<ref>[https://kitgum.go.ug/sites/default/files/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20Kitgum%20DDPIII-Final.doc.pdf "Kitgum District Development Plan III (PDF)"] (PDF). Republic of Uganda, Kitgum District Local Government. Retrieved 16 December 2025</ref> == Ditoropo == Noka eno e amana thata le toropo ya Kitgum. Patlisiso e e mabapi le tsamaiso ya kgeleloleswe le ya matlakala a a tiileng e bontsha gore Toropo ya Kitgum e mo lotshitshing lwa Noka ya Pager mme e tsaya Pager jaaka noka e kgolo ya toropo.<ref>Kinobe, J. R. (2010). "[https://sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/KINOBE%20et%20al%202010%20Composting%20at%20households%20in%20KItgum%20Uganda.pdf Composting at households in Kitgum Town, Uganda (PDF)"] (PDF). SSWM. Retrieved 16 December 2025</ref> Patlisiso ya pele ya ditoropo e ne ya bega gore lefelo la toropo le ne le dikologilwe ka matlhakore a le mararo ke Noka ya Pager.<ref>Ocitti, J. P. (1966). [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA19376812_54 "Kitgum: an urban study".] ''Journal for Contemporary History''. Retrieved 16 December 2025</ref> == Merwalela le dikotsi tsa yone == Porofaele ya bosetšhaba ya kotsi ya Kitgum e bega merwalela ya ka bonako mo mafelong a a kwa tlase a a golagantsweng le Noka ya Pager mme e kwala ka tiragalo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) fa merwalela ya ka bonako e kgoreleditse sephethephethe ka nakwana kwa Pager Bridge kwa Khanseleng ya Toropo ya Kitgum.<ref>[https://www.necoc.opm.go.ug/HzNorthern/Kitgum%20%20District%20HRV%20Profile.pdf "Kitgum District Hazard, Risk, and Vulnerability Profile (PDF)"] (PDF). Office of the Prime Minister (Uganda), NECOC. 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2025</ref> Dipego tsa metswedi ya dikgang le tsona di tlhalositse merwalela morago ga gore noka e phatloge mo dintshing tsa yone kwa Masepaleng wa Kitgum, e nwetsa ditshingwana tse di gaufi le matamo a ditlhapi kwa dikgaolong tsa Pager le Central (ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020).<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/floods-hit-kitgum-municipality-as-river-pager-burst-banks?districtId=559 "Floods Hit Kitgum Municipality as R. Pager Bursts Banks".] ''Uganda Radio Network''. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2025</ref> Tikologo le tiriso ya lefatshe Ditokomane tsa thulaganyo ya kgaolo di supa mmu o o sa kgweediwang sentle (di-gleysol) go bapa le noka ya Pager mo Kgaolong ya Kitgum.<ref name=":0" /> Mmasepala wa Kitgum le ditheo tsa bosetšhaba di tsere dikgato tse di ikaegileng ka tshireletso ya noka. Uganda Radio Network e begile ditshitshinyo tsa go gatisa di-buffer zone tsa Noka ya Pager mo National Wetland Atlas ya Uganda, e golaganngwa le go tsenelela le ditiro tse di nyatsegang jaaka meepo ya motlhaba, go dira ditena, go fula, go tlhatswa dikoloi, temothuo le go aga go bapa le mabopo.<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/river-pager-buffer-zones-added-to-national-wetland-atlas-?districtId=559 "River Pager Buffer Zones Added to National Wetland Atlas".] ''Uganda Radio Network''. Retrieved 16 December 2025.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ferekgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), The Independent e ne ya bega ka taelo ya masepala e e neng e tlhoka balemirui go tswa mo kgaolong ya noka ya Pager mo Mmasepaleng wa Kitgum, ba bua ka tiragatso ya molao wa bosetšhaba wa tikologo mo dikhukung tsa noka.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/kitgum-municipal-council-sets-deadline-for-farmers-to-leave-pager-buffer-zone/ "Kitgum municipal council sets deadline for farmers to leave Pager buffer zone".] ''The Independent (Uganda)''. 12 January 2025. Retrieved 16 December 2025.</ref> == Boleng jwa metsi == Thutopatlisiso e e sekasekilweng ke balekane e begile gore dikarolo tsa Noka ya Pager le gaufi le Masepala wa Kitgum di amiwa ke kgatelelo ya kgotlelo e e golaganngwang le dikago tse di kitlaneng le go latlhelwa ga matlakala, mme e sekasekile dikotsi tsa kgotlelo ya tshipi e e botlhole go tswa go go kopana le metsi a noka le go a nwa. <ref>Onen, P. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594420 "Health Risks from Intake and Contact with Toxic Metal-Contaminated Water from Pager River, Uganda"]. ''Journal of Xenobiotics''. '''13''' (4): 544–559.</ref> == Metswedi == 40q4n62nlna1lifuswlesyp13qvs0b6 0 13724 50869 2026-06-17T18:34:29Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335451700|NoViolet Bulawayo]]" 50869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NoViolet Bulawayo''' ke leina la bokwadi la ga '''Elizabeth Zandile Tshele''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1981), mokwadi wa [[Zimbabwe|kwa Zimbabwe]]. Ka 2012, [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Dibuka]] o ne wa mmitsa motlotlegi wa "[[5 Under 35]]". O ne a bidiwa mongwe wa Maaforika a a kwa Godimo a le lekgolo a a nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo ke lokwalo lwa ''[[New African]]'' ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=newsday |date=5 December 2014 |title=Trevor Ncube among most influential persons in Africa |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022011008/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa |archive-date=22 October 2022 |access-date=6 January 2021 |website=NewsDay Zimbabwe |language=en-US}}</ref> Padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''[[We Need New Names]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2013]], mme padi ya gagwe ya bobedi, ''[[Glory]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2022]] se se mo dira gore e nne "mosadi wa ntlha wa moAforika yo montsho go tlhagelela mo lenaaneng la Booker gabedi".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |date=29 July 2022 |title=Noviolet Bulawayo's Glory, a Zimbabwean Masterpiece, Longlisted for 2022 Booker Prize |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/07/noviolet-bulawayos-glory-a-zimbabwean-masterpiece-longlisted-for-2022-booker-prize/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> == Botshelo == == Leina la bokwadi == == Dietsele le ditlotla == == Ditiro == == Metswedi == 01kf68lfamfmw2zh85fw8pbsuxfag2v 50870 50869 2026-06-17T18:55:50Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335451700|NoViolet Bulawayo]]" 50870 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NoViolet Bulawayo''' ke leina la bokwadi la ga '''Elizabeth Zandile Tshele''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1981), mokwadi wa [[Zimbabwe|kwa Zimbabwe]]. Ka 2012, [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Dibuka]] o ne wa mmitsa motlotlegi wa "[[5 Under 35]]". O ne a bidiwa mongwe wa Maaforika a a kwa Godimo a le lekgolo a a nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo ke lokwalo lwa ''[[New African]]'' ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=newsday |date=5 December 2014 |title=Trevor Ncube among most influential persons in Africa |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022011008/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa |archive-date=22 October 2022 |access-date=6 January 2021 |website=NewsDay Zimbabwe |language=en-US}}</ref> Padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''[[We Need New Names]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2013]], mme padi ya gagwe ya bobedi, ''[[Glory]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2022]] se se mo dira gore e nne "mosadi wa ntlha wa moAforika yo montsho go tlhagelela mo lenaaneng la Booker gabedi".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |date=29 July 2022 |title=Noviolet Bulawayo's Glory, a Zimbabwean Masterpiece, Longlisted for 2022 Booker Prize |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/07/noviolet-bulawayos-glory-a-zimbabwean-masterpiece-longlisted-for-2022-booker-prize/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> == Botshelo == Bulawayo o tsholetswe kwa [[Tsholotsho]], kwa Zimbabwe, mme a tsena Sekolo se Segolo sa Njube mme moragonyana a tsena [[Sekolo se Segolo sa Mzilikazi]] go fetsa maemo a gagwe a A.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hard work, passion the special ingredients for success: author|first=Simba|last=Manhango|url=https://thestandard.newsday.co.zw/2011/07/23/hard-work-passion-the-special-ingredients-for-success-author/|newspaper=The Standard|date=23 July 2011|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> O weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa kholetšhe kwa United States, a ithuta kwa [[Kholetšheng ya Baagi ya Kalamazoo Valley]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/entertainment/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2013/07/author_kvcc_graduate_noviolet.html|title=Author, KVCC graduate NoViolet Bulawayo named to prestigious Man Booker long list|newspaper=MLive Media Group|first=John|last=Liberty|date=23 July 2013}}</ref> mme a bona digerata ya gagwe ya ntlha le ya masters mo Seesemaneng go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Texas A&M-Commerce]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Southern Methodist]], ka go latelana. Ka 2010, o ne a wetsa [[Master of Fine Arts]] mo go [[kwaleng ka boitlhamedi]] kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cornell]], koo tiro ya gagwe e neng ya akgolwa ka [[Fellowship ya Truman Capote]].<ref name="cornell" /> Ka 2011, o ne a gapa [[Seetsele sa Caine]] ka kgang ya gagwe ya [["Hitting Budapest"]],<ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=Margaret Busby|last=Busby|first=Margaret|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/we-need-new-names-by-noviolet-bulawayo-8647510.html|title=We Need New Names, By NoViolet Bulawayo: Born to freedom but raised to struggle, Zimbabwe's youth inspire a debut that blends wit and pain}}</ref> e e neng ya gatisiwa mo kgatisong ya Ngwanatsele/Sedimonthole 2010 ya ''[[Boston Review]]'' mme ya nna kgaolo e e simololang ya [[padi ya gagwe ya ntlha]] ya 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Kristy |title=9 Must-Read Books for June 2013 {{!}} We Need New Names: A Novel |url=http://www.oprah.com/book/We-Need-New-Names-A-Novel-by-NoViolet-Bulawayo?editors_pick_id=43545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028184925/https://www.oprah.com/book/we-need-new-names-a-novel-by-noviolet-bulawayo?editors_pick_id=43545 |archive-date=2022-10-28 |access-date=2013-07-23 |website=Oprah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Habila|last=Helon|archiveurl=Helon Habila|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jun/20/need-new-names-bulawayo-review|title=We Need New Names by NoViolet Bulawayo – review}}</ref> ''We Need New Names'' e ne ya akarediwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la Sekgele sa Man Booker sa 2013,<ref name="bookershortlist">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Shortlist 2013 announced |url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/man-booker-shortlist-2013 |publisher=Man Booker Prize}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Driscoll|first=Molly|title=Man Booker Prize long list includes writers Colum McCann, Tash Aw|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/0723/Man-Booker-Prize-long-list-includes-writers-Colum-McCann-Tash-Aw|access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> mme seno sa dira gore Bulawayo e nne mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika yo montsho le Mozimbabwe wa ntlha go tsenngwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la [[Sekgele]] seo. Gape o ne a gapa [[Sekgele sa Dikwalo sa Etisalat]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ben |date=23 February 2014 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo Wins the Inaugural Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2014/02/23/noviolet-bulawayo-wins-the-inaugural-etisalat-prize-for-literature/ |access-date=23 February 2014 |website=Books Live}}</ref> le [[Sekgele sa Mokgatlho sa Hemingway/PEN]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allan Kozinn |date=17 March 2014 |title=Writer From Zimbabwe Wins PEN/Hemingway Award for First Novel |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/17/writer-from-zimbabwe-wins-penhemingway-award-for-first-novel/ |access-date=2 April 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zipp |first=Yvonne |date=18 March 2014 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo wins prestigious Hemingway/PEN award |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2014/03/noviolet_bulawayo_wins_prestig.html |access-date=2 April 2014 |website=MLive.com}}</ref> gareng ga dikabelo tse dingwe. Ka 2011, go ne ga begwa gore o ne a simolotse go dira porojeke ya memoir.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-5547-article-Zimbabwean,+NoViolet+Bulawayo's+'Hitting+Budapest'+takes+the+12th+Caine+Prize.html|title=Zimbabwean, NoViolet Bulawayo's 'Hitting Budapest' takes the 12th Caine Prize|date=12 July 2011|work=Bulawayo 24}}</ref> Bulawayo o ne a nna leloko la boto ya batlhokomedi ba letsholo la dikwalo tsa Aforika yotlhe la Writivism fa gare ga 2014 le 2018.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Leina la bokwadi == Leina la pene la ga NoViolet Bulawayo le tswa mo lefokong la [[Sendebele]] le le kayang 'le', leina la ga moso mmaagwe le toropo ya [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=NoViolet Bulawayo: 'I'm encouraged by this new generation that wants better'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/19/noviolet-bulawayo-animal-farm-style-allegory-important-hope-zimbabwe-orwell-glory|last=Clark|first=Alex|access-date=2023-03-07|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == == Ditiro == == Metswedi == 90e2v7w8w71y3vfxa28ax7nebtkx0ne 50871 50870 2026-06-17T19:26:54Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335451700|NoViolet Bulawayo]]" 50871 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NoViolet Bulawayo''' ke leina la bokwadi la ga '''Elizabeth Zandile Tshele''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1981), mokwadi wa [[Zimbabwe|kwa Zimbabwe]]. Ka 2012, [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Dibuka]] o ne wa mmitsa motlotlegi wa "[[5 Under 35]]". O ne a bidiwa mongwe wa Maaforika a a kwa Godimo a le lekgolo a a nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo ke lokwalo lwa ''[[New African]]'' ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=newsday |date=5 December 2014 |title=Trevor Ncube among most influential persons in Africa |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022011008/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa |archive-date=22 October 2022 |access-date=6 January 2021 |website=NewsDay Zimbabwe |language=en-US}}</ref> Padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''[[We Need New Names]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2013]], mme padi ya gagwe ya bobedi, ''[[Glory]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2022]] se se mo dira gore e nne "mosadi wa ntlha wa moAforika yo montsho go tlhagelela mo lenaaneng la Booker gabedi".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |date=29 July 2022 |title=Noviolet Bulawayo's Glory, a Zimbabwean Masterpiece, Longlisted for 2022 Booker Prize |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/07/noviolet-bulawayos-glory-a-zimbabwean-masterpiece-longlisted-for-2022-booker-prize/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> == Botshelo == Bulawayo o tsholetswe kwa [[Tsholotsho]], kwa Zimbabwe, mme a tsena Sekolo se Segolo sa Njube mme moragonyana a tsena [[Sekolo se Segolo sa Mzilikazi]] go fetsa maemo a gagwe a A.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hard work, passion the special ingredients for success: author|first=Simba|last=Manhango|url=https://thestandard.newsday.co.zw/2011/07/23/hard-work-passion-the-special-ingredients-for-success-author/|newspaper=The Standard|date=23 July 2011|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> O weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa kholetšhe kwa United States, a ithuta kwa [[Kholetšheng ya Baagi ya Kalamazoo Valley]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/entertainment/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2013/07/author_kvcc_graduate_noviolet.html|title=Author, KVCC graduate NoViolet Bulawayo named to prestigious Man Booker long list|newspaper=MLive Media Group|first=John|last=Liberty|date=23 July 2013}}</ref> mme a bona digerata ya gagwe ya ntlha le ya masters mo Seesemaneng go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Texas A&M-Commerce]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Southern Methodist]], ka go latelana. Ka 2010, o ne a wetsa [[Master of Fine Arts]] mo go [[kwaleng ka boitlhamedi]] kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cornell]], koo tiro ya gagwe e neng ya akgolwa ka [[Fellowship ya Truman Capote]].<ref name="cornell" /> Ka 2011, o ne a gapa [[Seetsele sa Caine]] ka kgang ya gagwe ya [["Hitting Budapest"]],<ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=Margaret Busby|last=Busby|first=Margaret|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/we-need-new-names-by-noviolet-bulawayo-8647510.html|title=We Need New Names, By NoViolet Bulawayo: Born to freedom but raised to struggle, Zimbabwe's youth inspire a debut that blends wit and pain}}</ref> e e neng ya gatisiwa mo kgatisong ya Ngwanatsele/Sedimonthole 2010 ya ''[[Boston Review]]'' mme ya nna kgaolo e e simololang ya [[padi ya gagwe ya ntlha]] ya 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Kristy |title=9 Must-Read Books for June 2013 {{!}} We Need New Names: A Novel |url=http://www.oprah.com/book/We-Need-New-Names-A-Novel-by-NoViolet-Bulawayo?editors_pick_id=43545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028184925/https://www.oprah.com/book/we-need-new-names-a-novel-by-noviolet-bulawayo?editors_pick_id=43545 |archive-date=2022-10-28 |access-date=2013-07-23 |website=Oprah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Habila|last=Helon|archiveurl=Helon Habila|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jun/20/need-new-names-bulawayo-review|title=We Need New Names by NoViolet Bulawayo – review}}</ref> ''We Need New Names'' e ne ya akarediwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la Sekgele sa Man Booker sa 2013,<ref name="bookershortlist">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Shortlist 2013 announced |url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/man-booker-shortlist-2013 |publisher=Man Booker Prize}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Driscoll|first=Molly|title=Man Booker Prize long list includes writers Colum McCann, Tash Aw|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/0723/Man-Booker-Prize-long-list-includes-writers-Colum-McCann-Tash-Aw|access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> mme seno sa dira gore Bulawayo e nne mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika yo montsho le Mozimbabwe wa ntlha go tsenngwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la [[Sekgele]] seo. Gape o ne a gapa [[Sekgele sa Dikwalo sa Etisalat]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ben |date=23 February 2014 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo Wins the Inaugural Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2014/02/23/noviolet-bulawayo-wins-the-inaugural-etisalat-prize-for-literature/ |access-date=23 February 2014 |website=Books Live}}</ref> le [[Sekgele sa Mokgatlho sa Hemingway/PEN]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allan Kozinn |date=17 March 2014 |title=Writer From Zimbabwe Wins PEN/Hemingway Award for First Novel |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/17/writer-from-zimbabwe-wins-penhemingway-award-for-first-novel/ |access-date=2 April 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zipp |first=Yvonne |date=18 March 2014 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo wins prestigious Hemingway/PEN award |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2014/03/noviolet_bulawayo_wins_prestig.html |access-date=2 April 2014 |website=MLive.com}}</ref> gareng ga dikabelo tse dingwe. Ka 2011, go ne ga begwa gore o ne a simolotse go dira porojeke ya memoir.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-5547-article-Zimbabwean,+NoViolet+Bulawayo's+'Hitting+Budapest'+takes+the+12th+Caine+Prize.html|title=Zimbabwean, NoViolet Bulawayo's 'Hitting Budapest' takes the 12th Caine Prize|date=12 July 2011|work=Bulawayo 24}}</ref> Bulawayo o ne a nna leloko la boto ya batlhokomedi ba letsholo la dikwalo tsa Aforika yotlhe la Writivism fa gare ga 2014 le 2018.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> E gatisitswe ka 2022, padi ya gagwe ya bobedi ya ''[[Glory]]'' – e e tlhotlheleditsweng ke ''[[Animal Farm]]'' ya ga [[George Orwell]] le e e buang ka setšhaba se se mo nokong ya phetogo – e ne ya kwalwa mo dingwageng di feta di le tharo, tse mo go tsone [[Matshelo a Batho Bantsho a Maleba (Black Lives Matter)|Bulawayo]] "a neng a latela thata bolweladitshwanelo tsa batho ba ba neng ba batla phetogo momafatsheng a akaretsang Sudan, Algeria, Uganda, Eswatini le Amerika, kwa [[Black Lives Matter]] e tlhatlogileng." ''Glory'' e ne ya tlhalosiwa ke ''[[The Conversation]]'' jaaka "e e sa lebalegeng" le "setlhogo sa Zimbabwe sa ka bonako".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mushakavanhu |first=Tinashe |date=27 July 2022 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo's new novel is an instant Zimbabwean classic |url=https://theconversation.com/noviolet-bulawayos-new-novel-is-an-instant-zimbabwean-classic-185783 |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Fa [[Sarah Ladipo Manyika]] a ne a sekaseka padi eno mo ''[[The Guardian]]'', o ne a konela jaana: "Bulawayo ga a ikgogone go bua boammaaruri mo pusong. O kwala ka bonako le ka bopelokgale, a tsholetsa seipone mo Zimbabwe ya segompieno le mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso. Go tlhoka go nna boi ga gagwe le go anela dinako tsa sepolotiki tse di thata go tsisa mo tlhogong baanelwadikgang ba ba jaaka [[Herta Müller]], [[Elif Shafak]] le moagi wa gaabo wa Zimbabwe [[Yvonne Vera]]. ''Glory,'' e e nang le thapo ya tsholofelo kwa bokhutlong jwa yone, ke tshwantshiso, tshotlo le mainane a a kopantsweng go nna selo se le sengwe se se maatla." ''Glory'' e ne a tlhophiwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la [[Sekgele sa Booker sa 2022]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Glory {{!}} The Booker Prizes |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/books/glory |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=thebookerprizes.com |language=en}}</ref> mme o ne a tlhophiwa mo lenaaneng le le telele [[Sekgele sa Basadi sa Dikinane]] sa 2023. Ka 2025, go tshwaya ngwaga wa bo masome a mabedi le botlhano wa Sekgele sa Caine sa Bokwadi jwa Aforika, kgang ya gagwe ya ga Bulawayo ya "Hitting Budapest" e ne ya tlhophelwa kabelo ya tlotlo ya "Go gaisa ya Caine", e e neng ya tlhophiwa ke phanele ya baatlhodi e e nang le [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] (modulasetilo), [[Jennifer Tansubugae]] motlhagisi wa filimi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/27/noviolet-bulawayo-wins-the-best-of-caine-award|title=NoViolet Bulawayo wins the Best of Caine award|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Carlos|last=Mureithi|date=27 September 2025|access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> == Leina la bokwadi == Leina la pene la ga NoViolet Bulawayo le tswa mo lefokong la [[Sendebele]] le le kayang 'le', leina la ga moso mmaagwe le toropo ya [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=NoViolet Bulawayo: 'I'm encouraged by this new generation that wants better'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/19/noviolet-bulawayo-animal-farm-style-allegory-important-hope-zimbabwe-orwell-glory|last=Clark|first=Alex|access-date=2023-03-07|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == == Ditiro == == Metswedi == sk52350d186gpghhkxn8fecr8adyjgp 50872 50871 2026-06-17T19:42:51Z KatieKea 10150 50872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NoViolet Bulawayo''' ke leina la bokwadi la ga '''Elizabeth Zandile Tshele''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1981), mokwadi wa [[Zimbabwe|kwa Zimbabwe]]. Ka 2012, [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Dibuka]] o ne wa mmitsa motlotlegi wa "[[5 Under 35]]". O ne a bidiwa mongwe wa Maaforika a a kwa Godimo a le lekgolo a a nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo ke lokwalo lwa ''[[New African]]'' ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=newsday |date=5 December 2014 |title=Trevor Ncube among most influential persons in Africa |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022011008/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa |archive-date=22 October 2022 |access-date=6 January 2021 |website=NewsDay Zimbabwe |language=en-US}}</ref> Padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''[[We Need New Names]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2013]], mme padi ya gagwe ya bobedi, ''[[Glory]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2022]] se se mo dira gore e nne "mosadi wa ntlha wa moAforika yo montsho go tlhagelela mo lenaaneng la Booker gabedi".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |date=29 July 2022 |title=Noviolet Bulawayo's Glory, a Zimbabwean Masterpiece, Longlisted for 2022 Booker Prize |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/07/noviolet-bulawayos-glory-a-zimbabwean-masterpiece-longlisted-for-2022-booker-prize/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> == Botshelo == Bulawayo o tsholetswe kwa [[Tsholotsho]], kwa Zimbabwe, mme a tsena Sekolo se Segolo sa Njube mme moragonyana a tsena [[Sekolo se Segolo sa Mzilikazi]] go fetsa maemo a gagwe a A.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hard work, passion the special ingredients for success: author|first=Simba|last=Manhango|url=https://thestandard.newsday.co.zw/2011/07/23/hard-work-passion-the-special-ingredients-for-success-author/|newspaper=The Standard|date=23 July 2011|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> O weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa kholetšhe kwa United States, a ithuta kwa [[Kholetšheng ya Baagi ya Kalamazoo Valley]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/entertainment/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2013/07/author_kvcc_graduate_noviolet.html|title=Author, KVCC graduate NoViolet Bulawayo named to prestigious Man Booker long list|newspaper=MLive Media Group|first=John|last=Liberty|date=23 July 2013}}</ref> mme a bona digerata ya gagwe ya ntlha le ya masters mo Seesemaneng go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Texas A&M-Commerce]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Southern Methodist]], ka go latelana. Ka 2010, o ne a wetsa [[Master of Fine Arts]] mo go [[kwaleng ka boitlhamedi]] kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cornell]], koo tiro ya gagwe e neng ya akgolwa ka [[Fellowship ya Truman Capote]].<ref name="cornell" /> Ka 2011, o ne a gapa [[Seetsele sa Caine]] ka kgang ya gagwe ya [["Hitting Budapest"]],<ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=Margaret Busby|last=Busby|first=Margaret|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/we-need-new-names-by-noviolet-bulawayo-8647510.html|title=We Need New Names, By NoViolet Bulawayo: Born to freedom but raised to struggle, Zimbabwe's youth inspire a debut that blends wit and pain}}</ref> e e neng ya gatisiwa mo kgatisong ya Ngwanatsele/Sedimonthole 2010 ya ''[[Boston Review]]'' mme ya nna kgaolo e e simololang ya [[padi ya gagwe ya ntlha]] ya 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Kristy |title=9 Must-Read Books for June 2013 {{!}} We Need New Names: A Novel |url=http://www.oprah.com/book/We-Need-New-Names-A-Novel-by-NoViolet-Bulawayo?editors_pick_id=43545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028184925/https://www.oprah.com/book/we-need-new-names-a-novel-by-noviolet-bulawayo?editors_pick_id=43545 |archive-date=2022-10-28 |access-date=2013-07-23 |website=Oprah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Habila|last=Helon|archiveurl=Helon Habila|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jun/20/need-new-names-bulawayo-review|title=We Need New Names by NoViolet Bulawayo – review}}</ref> ''We Need New Names'' e ne ya akarediwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la Sekgele sa Man Booker sa 2013,<ref name="bookershortlist">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Shortlist 2013 announced |url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/man-booker-shortlist-2013 |publisher=Man Booker Prize}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Driscoll|first=Molly|title=Man Booker Prize long list includes writers Colum McCann, Tash Aw|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/0723/Man-Booker-Prize-long-list-includes-writers-Colum-McCann-Tash-Aw|access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> mme seno sa dira gore Bulawayo e nne mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika yo montsho le Mozimbabwe wa ntlha go tsenngwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la [[Sekgele]] seo. Gape o ne a gapa [[Sekgele sa Dikwalo sa Etisalat]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ben |date=23 February 2014 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo Wins the Inaugural Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2014/02/23/noviolet-bulawayo-wins-the-inaugural-etisalat-prize-for-literature/ |access-date=23 February 2014 |website=Books Live}}</ref> le [[Sekgele sa Mokgatlho sa Hemingway/PEN]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allan Kozinn |date=17 March 2014 |title=Writer From Zimbabwe Wins PEN/Hemingway Award for First Novel |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/17/writer-from-zimbabwe-wins-penhemingway-award-for-first-novel/ |access-date=2 April 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zipp |first=Yvonne |date=18 March 2014 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo wins prestigious Hemingway/PEN award |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2014/03/noviolet_bulawayo_wins_prestig.html |access-date=2 April 2014 |website=MLive.com}}</ref> gareng ga dikabelo tse dingwe. Ka 2011, go ne ga begwa gore o ne a simolotse go dira porojeke ya memoir.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-5547-article-Zimbabwean,+NoViolet+Bulawayo's+'Hitting+Budapest'+takes+the+12th+Caine+Prize.html|title=Zimbabwean, NoViolet Bulawayo's 'Hitting Budapest' takes the 12th Caine Prize|date=12 July 2011|work=Bulawayo 24}}</ref> Bulawayo o ne a nna leloko la boto ya batlhokomedi ba letsholo la dikwalo tsa Aforika yotlhe la Writivism fa gare ga 2014 le 2018.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> E gatisitswe ka 2022, padi ya gagwe ya bobedi ya ''[[Glory]]'' – e e tlhotlheleditsweng ke ''[[Animal Farm]]'' ya ga [[George Orwell]] le e e buang ka setšhaba se se mo nokong ya phetogo – e ne ya kwalwa mo dingwageng di feta di le tharo, tse mo go tsone [[Matshelo a Batho Bantsho a Maleba (Black Lives Matter)|Bulawayo]] "a neng a latela thata bolweladitshwanelo tsa batho ba ba neng ba batla phetogo mo mafatsheng a akaretsang Sudan, Algeria, Uganda, Eswatini le Amerika, kwa [[Black Lives Matter]] e tlhatlogileng." ''Glory'' e ne ya tlhalosiwa ke ''[[The Conversation]]'' jaaka "e e sa lebalegeng" le "setlhogo sa Zimbabwe sa ka bonako".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mushakavanhu |first=Tinashe |date=27 July 2022 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo's new novel is an instant Zimbabwean classic |url=https://theconversation.com/noviolet-bulawayos-new-novel-is-an-instant-zimbabwean-classic-185783 |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Fa [[Sarah Ladipo Manyika]] a ne a sekaseka padi eno mo ''[[The Guardian]]'', o ne a konela jaana: "Bulawayo ga a ikgogone go bua boammaaruri mo pusong. O kwala ka bonako le ka bopelokgale, a tsholetsa seipone mo Zimbabwe ya segompieno le mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso. Go tlhoka go nna boi ga gagwe le go anela dinako tsa sepolotiki tse di thata go tsisa mo tlhogong baanelwadikgang ba ba jaaka [[Herta Müller]], [[Elif Shafak]] le moagi wa gaabo wa Zimbabwe [[Yvonne Vera]]. ''Glory,'' e e nang le thapo ya tsholofelo kwa bokhutlong jwa yone, ke tshwantshiso, tshotlo le mainane a a kopantsweng go nna selo se le sengwe se se maatla." ''Glory'' e ne a tlhophiwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la [[Sekgele sa Booker sa 2022]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Glory {{!}} The Booker Prizes |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/books/glory |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=thebookerprizes.com |language=en}}</ref> mme o ne a tlhophiwa mo lenaaneng le le telele [[Sekgele sa Basadi sa Dikinane]] sa 2023. Ka 2025, go tshwaya ngwaga wa bo masome a mabedi le botlhano wa Sekgele sa Caine sa Bokwadi jwa Aforika, kgang ya gagwe ya ga Bulawayo ya "Hitting Budapest" e ne ya tlhophelwa kabelo ya tlotlo ya "Go gaisa ya Caine", e e neng ya tlhophiwa ke phanele ya baatlhodi e e nang le [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] (modulasetilo), [[Jennifer Tansubugae]] motlhagisi wa filimi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/27/noviolet-bulawayo-wins-the-best-of-caine-award|title=NoViolet Bulawayo wins the Best of Caine award|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Carlos|last=Mureithi|date=27 September 2025|access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> == Leina la bokwadi == Leina la bokwadi la ga NoViolet Bulawayo le tswa mo lefokong la [[Sendebele]] le le kayang 'le', leina la ga moso mmaagwe le toropo ya [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=NoViolet Bulawayo: 'I'm encouraged by this new generation that wants better'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/19/noviolet-bulawayo-animal-farm-style-allegory-important-hope-zimbabwe-orwell-glory|last=Clark|first=Alex|access-date=2023-03-07|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == == Ditiro == == Metswedi == lqa14yu5skiivaz8e88s6zfej5n5fxh 0 13725 50874 2026-06-18T06:56:03Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Turasha 50874 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Turasha''' ke nngwe ya dinoka tse ditona tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya Malewa, e e nosetsang [[Letsha la Naivasha]] kwa [[Great Rift Valley]] ya [[Kenya|Kenya.]] Noka ya Turasha e tlhatlogela kwa botlhaba jwa thaba ya Kipipiri. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994) go ne go na le leano la go thiba noka go tlamela metsi kwa metseselegaeng, se se neng se ka tshosetsa Letsha la Naivasha. E na le letamo la bogodimo jwa dimetara di le dikete tse tharo go tlamela metsi a a phepa kwa toropong ya Nakuru. <ref name=":0">[[Harper 2003,]] p. 16.</ref>Mo e ka nnang 17,500 cubic metres (620,000 cu ft) ya metsi e fetisediwa kwa Nakuru letsatsi le letsatsi.<ref>[[:en:Turasha_River#CITEREFThieme2005|Thieme 2005,]] p. 179.</ref><ref>[[:en:Turasha_River#CITEREFThieme2005|Thieme 2005]], p. 120.</ref>Mo go seno, mo e ka nnang pedi-tharong e ya kwa Masepaleng wa Nakuru mme nngwe-tharong kwa metseng ya Gilgil.<ref>[[:en:Turasha_River#CITEREFMbela1994|bela 1994]], p. 641.</ref> Fa tlase ga letamo leno noka e wela ka bonako go fitlha e kopana le Malewa. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == hizvz381kf7o8vlg6d2i7lhrc2zonmm 0 13726 50875 2026-06-18T07:00:55Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA WHITE NILE 50875 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sudan Juba bridge.jpg|thumb|Noka ya White Nile]] '''Noka ya Nile e tshweu''' (Arabic) ke noka e e kwa bokone le botlhaba jwa Afrika. Ke noka e e seng boteng thata, mme e telele (e bile e sephara e bile e se boteng thata), ya dinoka tse pedi tse dikgolo tse di elelang mo nokeng ya Nile, e kgolo ke Blue Nile.<ref>Elsanabary, Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa (2012), ''Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin'', Canada: [[:en:University_of_Alberta|University of Alberta]], doi:10.7939/R3377641M, hdl:10402/era.28151</ref>Leina "White" le tswa mo sedimenteng sa letsopa se se tserweng mo metsing se se fetolang metsi go nna mmala o mosweu.<ref>''The New American Cyclopaedia: [https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&q=clay&pg=PA362 A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12]''. 1867. p. 362. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.</ref> Fa go buiwa ka tlhamalalo fela, "Nile e Tshweu" e raya noka e e neng ya bopiwa kwa Letsheng la No, fa dinoka tsa Bahr al Jabal le Bahr el Ghazal di kopanelang teng. Ka kakaretso, "Nile e Tshweu" e kaya dikarolo tsotlhe tsa noka e e elelang go tswa kwa Letsheng la Victoria go fitlha e kopana le Blue Nile: "Nile ya Victoria" go tswa kwa Letsheng la Victoria go feta kwa Letsheng la Kyoga go ya kwa Letsheng la Albert, go tswa foo "Nile ya Albert" go ya kwa molelwaneng wa South Sudan, go tswa foo "Nile ya Thaba" kgotsa "Bahr-al-Jabal" go ya kwa Letsheng la No.<ref>Dumont, Henri J. (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&q=Kyoga&pg=PA345 ''The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use''.] Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 344–345. ISBN <bdi>9781402097263</bdi>. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.</ref>"Nile e Tshweu" ka dinako tse dingwe e ka akaretsa metsi a letsha la Victoria, a a kgakala thata a a le dikete tse tharo le bosupa (3,700 km (2,300 mi) go tswa kwa Blue Nile.<ref>Penn, James R. (2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&q=Luvironza&pg=PA299 ''Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook''.] ABC-CLIO. p. 299. ISBN <bdi>9781576070420</bdi>. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023</ref> Mmapa o o bontshang White Nile le Blue Nile kwa Afrika Botlhaba. == Tsela == === Metsi a a tswang kwa godimo === Noka ya Kagera, e e elelang mo Letsheng la Victoria gaufi le toropo ya Bukoba kwa Tanzania, ke noka e telele go di feta tsotlhe e e tsenang mo Letsheng la Victoria, le fa metswedi e sa dumalane ka gore ke efe e e leng noka e telele go di feta tsotlhe ya Kagera, mme ka jalo ke motswedi o o kgakala thata wa Nile.<ref>McLeay, cam (2 July 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110409215243/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212 "The truth about the source of R. Nile".] ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 9 April 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011</ref>Motswedi wa noka ya Nile o ka tsewa e le Ruvyironza, e e simololang kwa porofenseng ya Bururi, Burundi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html "Nile River".] Archived from the original on 10 January 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2011</ref>(gaufi le Bukirasaz), kgotsa Nyabarongo, e e elelang go tswa kwa sekgweng sa Nyungwe kwa Rwanda.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm "Team reaches Nile's 'true source'"]. ''BBC News''. 31 March 2006. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2011.</ref> Dinoka tseno tse pedi di kopana gaufi le Rusumo Falls mo molelwaneng wa Rwanda le Tanzania. Diphororo tseno di itsege ka tiragalo e e diragetseng ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi go ya ko masome a mabedi le le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994) fa batho ba le 250 000 ba ne ba kgabaganya borogo jwa Rusumo Falls go ya kwa Ngara, [[Tanzania]], mo diureng di le masome a mabedi le bone (24), mo go se Mokomišenara yo Mogolo wa Batshabi wa Ditšhaba Kopano a neng a se bitsa "go huduga go go golo le go go bofefo ga batshabi mo metlheng ya segompieno". Kagera e bopa karolo ya melelwane ya Rwanda ⁇ Tanzania le Tanzania ⁇ Uganda pele e elela mo Letsheng la Victoria. === Kwa Uganda === Dikepe tse di tsamayang ka mekorwana di ntse di itaagana mo diphororong tsa Bujagali gaufi le molomo wa Victoria Nile Nile e Tshweu kwa Uganda e bidiwa "Victoria Nile" go tswa kwa Letsheng la Victoria go ralala Letsha la Kyoga go ya kwa Letsha la Albert, go tswa foo e bidiwa "Albert Nile" go fitlha kwa molelwaneng wa South Sudan. === Noka ya Victoria === Victoria Nile e simologa kwa letsheng la Victoria, kwa Jinja, Uganda, kwa lobopong lo lo kwa bokone lwa letsha. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291 vanden Bossche, J.-P.; Bernacsek, G. M. (1990). ''Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1''.] Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. p. 291. ISBN <bdi>92-5-102983-0</bdi>. Retrieved 4 January 2016.</ref>Noka eno e elela go tswa kwa Nalubaale Power Station le kwa Kiira Power Station fa e tswa mo letsheng, e elela go feta Bujagali Falls (kwa seteishene sa motlakase sa Bujagali se leng gone) e elela dikilometara di le lesome le botlhano go tswa kwa Jinja. Go tswa foo noka eno e elela kwa bokonebophirima go ralala Uganda go ya kwa Letsheng la Kyoga le le mo bogareng jwa naga eno, go tswa foo e elela kwa bophirima go ya kwa Letsheng la Albert. Kwa Karuma Falls, noka e elela ka fa tlase ga Karuma Bridge (2°14′45.40′′N 32°15′9.05′′E) kwa sekhutlong sa borwabotlhaba jwa Murchison Falls National Park. Ka nako e ntsi ya borukhutlhi jwa Lord's Resistance Army, Borogo jwa Karuma, jo bo agilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963) go thusa madirelo a katune, e ne e le lefelo la konokono la go ema mo tseleng e e yang kwa Gulu, koo dikoloi di neng di kokoana ka ditlhopha pele ga di newa masole a a neng a di eteletse pele go ya kwa bokone. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boferabongwe (2009), puso ya Uganda e ne ya itsise gore e ikaelela go aga porojeke ya motlakase wa metsi wa 750-megawatt dikilometara di le mmalwa kwa bokone jwa borogo, jo bo neng bo rulaganyeditswe go wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro(2016).<ref>Holland, Hereward (8 May 2009). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508 "Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project".] ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.</ref>Banka ya Lefatshe e ne e amogetse madi a go aga semela sa motlakase sa dimekawate di le makgolo a mabedi , fela Uganda e ne ya tlhopha porojeke e kgolwane, e Ma-Uganda a tla e duelelang ka fa gare fa go tlhokega.<ref>Wacha, Joe (29 October 2011). [http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967 "Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project".] Uganda Radio Network Online. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.</ref> Pele fela ga noka eno e tsena mo Letsha la Albert, e a komediwa go nna tsela e e bophara jwa dimetara di le supa fela kwa Murchison Falls, e leng se se bontshang gore e tsena mo lekaleng le le kafa bophirima la East African Rift. Go tswa foo noka eno e elela mo Letsha la Albert go bapa le Dithaba Tsa Blue mo Democratic Republic of the Congo. Karolo ya noka go tswa kwa Letsheng la Kyoga go ya kwa Letsheng la Albert ka dinako tse dingwe e bidiwa "Nile ya Kyoga".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ ''The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law''.] M.K. Nawaz. 1980. p. 398. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017</ref> === Albert Nile === Borogo jo bo fa godimo ga Albert Nile Noka e e elelang go tswa kwa Letsheng la Albert go ya kwa bokone e bidiwa "Nile ya Albert". E kgaoganya kgaolo ya West Nile ya Uganda le naga yotlhe. Go na le borogo jo bo fetang mo Nokeng ya Nile ya Albert gaufi le mosele wa yone kwa Kgaolong ya Nebbi, mme ga go na borogo jo bongwe jo bo kileng jwa agiwa mo karolong eno. Go na le mokoro o o golaganyang ditsela tse di fa gare ga Adjumani le Moyo, mme go tsamaya mo nokeng go dirwa ka mokoro o monnye kgotsa ka mokorwana. === Kwa South Sudan le kwa Sudan === Go tloga fa noka eno e tsenang mo Sudan Borwa go tswa kwa Uganda, noka eno e bidiwa "Nile ya Thaba". Go tswa kwa Letsheng la No kwa South Sudan noka eno e nna "White Nile" ka tsela e e feletseng, mme e bo e tswelela e elela go ya kwa bokone go tsena mo Sudan koo e felelang teng fa e kopana le Blue Nile. === Noka ya Nile ya Thaba === Go tswa kwa Nimule kwa South Sudan, gaufi le molelwane le Uganda, noka e itsege jaaka "Nile ya Thaba" kgotsa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (le "Baḥr el-Jebel", بحر الجبل), ka tlhamalalo "Noka ya Thaba" kgotsa "Noka ya Thaba". <ref>The [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]] word ''baḥr'' (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large rive</ref><ref>[[:en:William_Edmund_Garstin|Garstin, William Edmund;]] Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). "Nile" . ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 692–699</ref>Naga ya Borwa jwa Sudan ya Central Equatoria e noka e e elelang mo go yone e ne e itsege jaaka Bahr al-Jabal go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006).<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073 "Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name".] ''Sudan Tribune''. 16 April 2006. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017</ref> Karolo e e kwa borwa ya noka eno e kopana le melapo e le mmalwa pele ga e fitlha kwa dipoeng tsa Sudan le mo mogobeng o mogolo wa Sudd. E ya kwa Letsheng la No, koo e kopanelang teng le Bahr el Ghazal mme e bo e bopa White Nile.<ref>Parsons, Ellen C. (1905)[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.157281|. ''Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa''.]] Macmillan Company. p. 7. Retrieved 5 October 2017</ref><ref>''[http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park]'', 16 June 2010, archived from the original on 3 August 2020, retrieved 20 August 2020</ref>Noka ya anabranch e e bidiwang Bahr el Zeraf e tswa mo Bahr al-Jabal mme e elela go ralala Sudd, gore kgabagare e kopane le White Nile. Noka ya Nile e e mo dithabeng e elela go ralala mekgokolosa e e tshesane le go kgabaganya metseletsele ya mekgokolosa e e akaretsang Fula (Fola) Rapids.<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 ''The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park'',] 16 June 2010, archived from the original on 3 August 2020, retrieved 20 August 2020</ref><ref>[http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain "Nile River (Mountain) | Waterbodies.org"]. ''www.waterbodies.org''. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020</ref> Noka ya Nile e Tshweu le ya Nile e Putswa di kopana kwa Khartoum, motsemogolo wa [[Sudan|Sudan.]] === Noka ya White Nile ka boyone === Go batho bangwe, White Nile e simologa kwa motsweding wa Mountain Nile le Bahr el Ghazal kwa Letsheng la No.<ref>Parsons, Ellen C. (1905). ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.157281|Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa]]''. Macmillan Company. p. 7. Retrieved 5 October 2017</ref> Dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120) tsa White Nile tse di elelang go ya kwa botlhaba go tswa kwa Letsheng la No go ya kwa molomong wa Sobat di na le mekgokolosa e mentsi mme di na le mafelo a mantsi a a nang le metsi le matsha.<ref>Shahin, Mamdouh (1985). [https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC ''Hydrology of the Nile Basin''. Elsevier.] p. 40. ISBN <bdi>9780444424334</bdi>. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</ref> Fa noka ya Sobat e na le merwalela, e na le seretse se sentsi, se se dirang gore noka ya White Nile e nne le mmala o mosetlha. Go tswa kwa Malakal, toropo ya bobedi ya Sudan Borwa, noka e elela ka iketlo mme ga e na matsha go tsena mo Sudan le kwa bokone go ya kwa Khartoum. <ref>[http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426 "Sobat River"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (Online Library ed.). Retrieved 21 January 2008</ref>Go ela kwa tlase ga noka go tswa kwa Malakal go na le Kodok, lefelo le ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1898) go neng ga diragala tiragalo ya Fashoda mo go lone e e neng ya dira gore Ntwa ya go Gapa Afrika e fele. Kwa Sudan noka eno e naya naga ya Sudan ya White Nile leina la yone, pele ga e kopana le noka e kgolo ya Blue Nile kwa Khartoum mme e bo e nna Noka ya Nile. == Ditsela tsa metsi tsa mo teng ga naga == Noka ya Nile e Tshweu ke tsela ya metsi e e tsamayang go tswa kwa Letsheng la Albert go ya kwa Khartoum ka Letamo la Jebel Aulia, fela magareng ga Juba le Uganda e tlhoka gore noka e tokafadiwe kgotsa e dirwe kanale gore e kgone go tsamaya. Mo karolong nngwe ya ngwaga dinoka tseno di kgona go tsamaisiwa go fitlha kwa Gambela, kwa [[Ethiopia]], le kwa Wau, kwa [[South Sudan]]. == Metswedi == irt7i4xktjl5wo0ijr8lufhotw1xvoq 0 13727 50876 2026-06-18T07:13:15Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA KAFU 50876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Kafu''' ke noka ya kwa lefatsheng la [[Uganda]], mo Afrika Botlhaba. Mo dimmapeng dingwe tsa bogologolo, noka eno e bidiwa Noka ya Kabi. == Lefelo == Noka ya Kafu e kwa karolong e e kwa bophirima jwa Uganda. E simologa mo mogobeng o o ka nnang 12 kilometres (7.5 mi), bokone botlhaba jwa motse wa Kitoma, mo Kgaolong ya Kibaale, Bophirima jwa lefatshe la [[Uganda]]<ref>Wayland, E. J. (1934). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2843813 "Rifts, Rivers, Rains and Early Man in Uganda".] ''The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland''. '''64''': 333–352. doi:10.2307/2843813. ISSN 0307-3114</ref>. E elela kwa botlhaba kwa tshimologong, e bo e retologela kwa bokone, go ya go wela mo Nokeng ya Victoria, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le 8 (5.0 mi), kwa godimo ga toropo ya Masindi Port, kwa Masindi District, gape kwa Bophirima jwa [[Uganda]]. Motswedi wa Noka ya Kafu o gaufi le Kitoma, ka di-coordinate: Latitude:1.1500; Longitude:31.0820.<ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=1.1500,+31.0820&aq=&sll=1.165844,31.082382&sspn=0.053204,0.187111&ie=UTF8&ll=1.174082,31.164093&spn=0.212815,0.748444&t=p&z=11 Location of Source of River Kafu At Google Maps]</ref>Noka ya Kafu e tsena mo Victoria Nile gaufi le Masindi Port, ka di-coordinate: Latitude:1.6475; Longitude:32.0945.<ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=1.6475,+32.0945&aq=&sll=1.627646,32.073555&sspn=0.053194,0.187111&ie=UTF8&ll=1.644934,32.103939&spn=0.013298,0.046778&t=p&z=15 Location of End of River Kafu At Google Maps]</ref>Noka eno e elela go ya kwa botlhaba, bokone botlhaba le bokone, e kgabaganya kgotsa e dira melelwane ya dikgaolo tse di latelang: Kgaolo ya Kibaale, Kgaolo ya Hoima, Kgaolo ya Kyankwanzi, Kgaolo ya Nakaseke, Kgaolo ya Nakasongola le Kgaolo ya Masindi. == Kakaretso == Seretse se Noka ya Kafu e simologang mo go sone, le sone se kgabaganngwa ke noka e nngwe e e bidiwang Noka ya Nkusi. Noka ya Nkusi, le fa go ntse jalo, e tlhoga kwa lefelong le lengwe mme e ralala seretse se go buiwang ka sone mme e elela go ya kwa bophirima go ya go wela mo Letsheng la Albert, go bapa le molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga Uganda le Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kwa motsweding wa yone, Noka ya Kafu e bogodimo jwa dimetara di ka nna sekete le lesome lekgolo. Fa e tsena mo Nokeng ya Nile, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le sekete le masome a mane. Boleele jwa Noka ya Kafu ke dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a marataro go tloga kwa e simololang go fitlha kwa e felelang teng.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Masindi_Port%20(Masindi)%20&toplace=Kitoma%20(Kibale)%20&fromlat=1.6858333&tolat=1.11&fromlng=32.0830556&tolng=30.9586111 Map Showing Kitoma And Masindi Port With Distance Marker]</ref> == Metswedi == 86rigd9uzj8ho42unw12toomwn6z86z 0 13728 50877 2026-06-18T07:16:57Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Naivasha 50877 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Naivasha lake.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Naivasha]] '''Letsha la Naivasha''' ke letsha la metsi a a phepa kwa [[Kenya]], kwa ntle ga toropo ya Naivasha kwa Nakuru County, bokone bophirima jwa Nairobi kwa Great Rift Valley. Leina le tswa mo leineng la selegae la Maasai ɛnaɨpɔ́sha, le le rayang "se se tlhatlogang", lefoko le le tlwaelegileng la Maasai le le rayang metsi a a lekaneng go nna le makhubu fa go na le phefo kgotsa fa go na le sefefo. Naivasha e ne ya simologa fa Baesemane ba ne ba leka go bitsa leina la Masai. Tota, Lake Naivasha e raya "Lake Lake". == Lefelo == Letsha la Naivasha ke letsha la metsi a a phepa le le kwa Rift Valley kwa Kenya. Ke motswako o o raraaneng wa matlapa a lekgwamolelo le matlapana a a tswang mo letsheng le legolo la motlha wa Pleistocene. Kwantle ga melatswana e e elelang ka nakwana, letsha leno le nosediwa ke dinoka tse di sa kgaleng tsa Malewa le Gilgil. Ga go itsege gore letsha leno le tswa kae, mme e re ka metsi a lone a le metsi a a foreshe, go akanngwa gore le tswa ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. <ref>Harper, David M. (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3Q1pfcjMae8C&pg=PA1 Lake Naivasha, Kenya]''. Springer. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-4020-1236-5|<bdi>1-4020-1236-5</bdi>.]]</ref> Letsha leno le ne le na le bogodimo jwa disekwerekilometara di le lesome le masome a robabongwe pele ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , <ref name=":0">"THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE NAIVASHA BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION" (characteristics), M.K. Arusei, J. K Sanga, M.P Tole, Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental Studies, [[:en:Moi_University|Moi University,]] P.O Box 3900 [[:en:Eldoret,_Kenya|Eldoret, Kenya,]] webpage:[http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf UNEP-Moi-Arusei-PDF] Archived 2005-06-12 at the [[:en:Library_of_Congress|Library of Congress]] Web Archives</ref>mme la oketsega go nna disekwerekilometara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020). <ref>Tobiko, Keriako (2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf "Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria"] (PDF). ''Kenya Government and UNDP''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-03-16.</ref>E dikologilwe ke seretse sa 64 square kilometres (25 sq mi), se se farologanang go ikaegile ka pula. E bogodimo jwa 1,884 metres (6,181 ft),<ref name=":0" />letsha le na le boteng jwa 6 metres (20 ft), mme lefelo le le boteng go gaisa le kwa Crescent Island, ka boteng jwa 30 metres (98 ft).<ref name=":0" /> Kgogometso ya Njorowa e kile ya bo e le kwa letsha le tswang teng, mme gone jaanong e kwa godimo ga letsha mme e dira kgoro ya Hell's Gate National Park. Toropo ya Naivasha (e pele e neng e bidiwa Nakuru Botlhaba) e mo ntlheng ya bokonebotlhaba jwa letsha leno. == Tikologo == Letsha leno le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo tsa naga go akaretsa le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mane ya dinonyane le palo e kgolo ya dinonyane tsa naga. Ditlhapi tse di mo letsheng leno di ile tsa fetoga thata fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, di tlhotlhelediwa ke go fetoga ga tlelaemete, maiteko a go tshwara ditlhapi le go tsenngwa ga mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi. Phetogo ya bosheng mo palong ya ditlhapi e ne ya latela go tsenngwa ga carp ka phoso ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso ( 2001). <ref>Becht, R., Odada, E. O., & Higgins, S. (2005). Lake Naivasha: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. Managing lakes and basins for sustainable use, a report for lake basin managers and stakeholders (pp. 277–298). Kusatsu: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)</ref>Dingwaga di le robongwe morago ga moo, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010), carp e e tlwaelegileng e ne e le 90% ya ditlhapi tse di tshwerweng mo letsheng. <ref>Lake Naivasha Annual Fisheries Report, 2010</ref> Go na le matsha a mabedi a mannye mo tikologong ya Letsha la Naivasha: Letsha la Oloiden le Letsha la Sonachi (letsha le letala le le mo khuting). Lefelo la Tshireletso ya Diphologolo la Crater Lake le gaufi le lone, fa lotshitshi lwa letsha lone lo itsege ka baagi ba lone ba ba tswang kwa Yuropa le ba ba neng ba nna koo. == Ditso == Fa gare ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bo supa (1937) le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano (1950), letsha leno le ne le dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go kotama la mekoro e e fofang mo tseleng ya bapalami le poso ya Imperial Airways go tswa kwa Southampton kwa Boritane go ya kwa Afrika Borwa. E ne e golaganya Kisumu le Nairobi. Joy Adamson, mokwadi wa Born Free, o ne a nna mo lotshitshing lwa letsha leno mo bogareng jwa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960). Mo lotshitshing lwa letsha leno go na le Oserian ("Djinn Palace"), e e neng ya tuma thata mo metlheng ya Happy Valley fa gare ga dintwa tse pedi tsa lefatshe. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999), Mokgatlho wa Lake Naivasha Riparian o ne wa amogela Sekgele sa Ramsar sa go Sireletsa Mafatshe a a Ntseng a le metsi ka ntlha ya maiteko a one a go sireletsa lefelo la Ramsar la Lake Naivasha. == Temothuo le madirelo == Temothuo ya dithunya ke yone e e dirang tiro e kgolo go dikologa letsha leno. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dirisiwa ga metsi a letsha ka tsela e e sa laolegeng go nosetsa go dira gore metsi a letsha a fokotsege mme seno se dira gore batho ba tshwenyege kwa Kenya. Go tshwara ditlhapi mo letsheng ke motswedi wa ditiro le lotseno mo baaging ba lefelo leno. Letsha leno le ne le na le maemo a a farologaneng mme le ne la batla le omelela gotlhelele ka bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890). Ka kakaretso, selekanyo sa metsi a a mo matsheng se tsamaisana le dipula tse di nang mo lefelong le le nang le metsi. Letsha la Naivasha, le le kileng la tlhalosiwa jaaka letlotlo la bogosi la matsha otlhe a Aforika Botlhaba, mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di fetileng le ne la tlhaselwa ke kgatelelo e kgolo ya batho, e seng fela go tlhomiwa ga madirelo a magolo a temothuo le temothuo go bapa le dintshi tsa letsha, mme gape le go oketsega ga metswedi ya dikotla tse di tswang mo sedibeng, metsi a a leswe le metswedi e mengwe e e tswang mo bathong ba ba nnang gaufi le letsha ba jaanong ba atamelang batho ba le milione. <ref>"Megaceryle maxima (Pallas). African Giant Kingfisher. Alcyon géant.", ''The Birds of Africa'', Academic Press Limited, 1988, doi:[[doi:10.5040/9781472927002.0171|10.5040/9781472927002.0171,]] ISBN 978-1-4729-2700-2</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981), semela sa ntlha sa mogote sa letsha la Naivasha se ne sa tsenngwa mo tirisong mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano ( 1985), palogotlhe ya 45 MW ya motlakase e ne e tlhagisiwa mo lefelong leo. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 4uk3hlh9hondqege6zwty1nx8s52thc 0 13729 50878 2026-06-18T07:20:47Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA LUGOGO 50878 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Lugogo''' ke noka e e kwa Uganda kwa kgaolong ya botlhaba jwa Afrika. E mo karolong e e fa gare ya naga mme e elela go ya ntlheng ya borwabotlhaba go tswa mo Nokeng ya Kabi mme e elela metsi a yone mo lekadibeng la Letsha la Kyoga. Noka e ntse e le lefelo la go epelwa go go amanang le go agiwa ga serapa sa temothuo sa China, se se amileng metsi a banni ba selegae.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nakasongola-leaders-raise-a-red-flag-over-river-diversion-by-chinese-firm--1848908 "Nakasongola leaders raise a red flag over river diversion by Chinese firm".] ''Monitor''. 2020-09-14. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref>Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), baagi ba lefelo leo ba ne ba ngongorega ka kgotlelo ya noka le lefelo le le metsi le le e fepang go tswa mo lesweng la feketiri ya sukiri ya lefelo leo.<ref>[https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/residents-complain-over-pollution-from-sugar-factory-in-luwero- "Residents Complain over Pollution from Sugar Factory in Nakasongola :".] ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 2025-06-29</ref>Noka ya Lugogo e itsege ka go nna gaufi le lefelo la Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary <ref>[https://ugandawildlife.org/animals/rhino/ "Rhino - Uganda Wildlife Authority"]. ''ugandawildlife.org''. 2022-05-05. Retrieved 2025-12-16</ref>le ka merwalela ya yone ya paka ya ngwaga, e e ka amang baagi ba selegae le mafaratlhatlha. Gape ke karolo e kgolo ya Noka ya Nile. Noka ya Lugogo ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di mmalwa (go akaretsa le dinoka tsa Mayanja le Ssezibwa) mo kgaolong e e itemogelang merwalela e e masisi ya paka ya ngwaga, gantsi e kgoreletsa ditsela tsa selegae le lefatshe la temothuo<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/flooded-rivers-mayanja-lugogo-claim-three-lives-4434424 "Flooded rivers Mayanja, Lugogo claim three lives"]. ''Monitor''. 2023-11-15. Retrieved 2025-12-16</ref>. == Metswedi == t2t6pgexdp6jwprhps1axaf30li3zss 0 13730 50879 2026-06-18T07:28:24Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA MAYANJA 50879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Mayanja''' ke noka ya kwa lefatsheng la [[Uganda]], Afrika Botlhaba. == Lefelo == Noka ya Mayanja e kwa Bogare jwa lefatshe la Uganda. E simologa kwa dithabeng, kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa toropo ya [[Wakiso]], kwa Kgaolong ya [[Wakiso]], Bogare jwa Uganda mme e elela kwa ntlheng ya bokonebophirima go ya go wela mo Nokeng ya Kafu, Kgaolo ya Nakaseke mo molelwaneng wa yone le Kgaolo ya Masindi le Kgaolo ya Kyankwanzi. Motswedi wa Noka ya Mayanja o kwa Wakiso, o na le di-coordinate: Latitude:0.41000, 32.52000. Noka ya Mayanja e tsena mo Nokaneng ya Kafu gaufi le motsana wa Ndede, mo Kgaolong ya Nakaseke, e na le di-coordinate: Latitude:1.3575; Longitude:31.8200. == Tsela == Mo tseleng ya yone e e yang kwa bokonebophirima, noka eno e kgabaganya kgotsa e dira melelwane ya dikgaolo tse di latelang: Kgaolo ya Wakiso, Kgaolo ya Mpigi, Kgaolo ya Kiboga, Kgaolo ya Kyankwanzi le Kgaolo ya Nakaseke. Kwa motsweding wa yone, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna 1,140 metres (3,740 ft). Fa e tsena mo Nokeng ya Kafu, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le 1 000. Boleele jwa Noka ya Mayanja, ke dikilometara di le 150 (93 mi) go tswa motsweding go ya kwa bokhutlong.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Wakiso%20(Wakiso)%20&toplace=Ndede%20(Western%20Province)%20&fromlat=0.4044444&tolat=1.3333333&fromlng=32.4594444&tolng=31.85 Map Showing Wakiso And Ndede With Distance Marker]</ref> == Metswedi == khf92rxkjko5dhndro91o04ahkfdd5e 0 13731 50880 2026-06-18T07:32:57Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Nairobi #AWC2-26 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Nairobi''' ke letamo le leikagetsweng kwa nokeng ya [[Nairobi]] kwa Nairobi, [[Kenya]].<ref name=":0">[https://www.unep.org/roa/Nairobi_River_Basin/Downloads/Assessments/PollutionChapters/PollutionMonitoringNETWAS_Chap5.pdf "Nairobi Dam"] (PDF). Retrieved 18 June 2026</ref> == Tsa pele == Letamo le le agilweng ka ngwaga wa 1953<ref name=":1">[https://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=72443 "Govt to rehabilitate Nairobi Dam".] 14 September 2011.</ref> le na le letangwana la seelo sa dimithara di le dikete di le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi le bophara jwa dimithara di le dikete di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano. Ke lekadiba le le seng boteng, boteng jwa lone ke dimithara di le pedi fela.<ref name=":0" /> Le tshelwa ke noka ya Motoine, pula le metsi a a leswe go tswa kwa legaeng la [[Kibera]]. Metsi a tswa mo go lone ka go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi le go tshela kwa nokeng ya Ngong.<ref name=":0" /> Letamo le, le tsena motlhaba o montsi, mafelo a a gautshwane a dirisiwa mo go tsa temo thuo ka go latlha matlakala. Setlhatshana sa metsi se tlwaelesegile thata ka se thibela go pagama mekoro le go tshwara ditlhapi.<ref name=":0" /> == Popego == Seretse se se kwa tlase ga letamo se na le majwe a a tshwang mo mokgatsheng wa Kerichwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Diporojeke tsa go tsosolosa letamo == Tonakgolo [[Raila Odinga]] o ne a itsise ka lenaneo la go tsosolosa letamo fa a kopane le lekgotla la letamo la Nairobi ka Lwetse a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2011.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a kopa gore le diriwe bontlha jwa porojeke ya kgampu ya Noka ya Nairobi e e ntshediwang madi ke lenaneo la United Nations la tikologo<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1454_urbansolutions/page2.shtml "BBC: Nairobi River Basin initiative"]. February 2003.</ref> ka maikaelelo a go ntsha setlhatshana sa metsi le leswe la majwe go busulosetsa ditlhapi mo metsing.<ref name=":1" /> Go ipaa fela mo lefelong leo le gone go tlaa tlhoka gore magae a o a ntshiwe (Kibera ke lefelo la bo maipaafela la bobedi ka botona mo [[Aferika|Aforika]], ka banni ba ka nna dikete di le makgolo a supa)<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1454_urbansolutions/page3.shtml "BBC:bringing water to Nairobi's Kibera slum"]. February 2003.</ref> madi a a akanyediwang a tlaa dirisiwa ke didikadike tsa madi a disheleng tsa Kenya di le makgolo a supa.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 23ua2tplnjgf4plop0yk6d6d8h6f9ea 0 13732 50881 2026-06-18T07:37:29Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Ol Arabel 50881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kenya relief location map.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Ol Arabel]] '''Ol Arabel''' (kgotsa Olarabel) ke noka e e mo [[Great Rift Valley]] ya [[Kenya]] e e fepang [[Letsha la Baringo]]. Le naya sekgwa se se dikologileng motswedi wa lone le kgaolo leina la lone. == Noka == Dinoka tsa Ngusero le Ol Arabel di kgatsha karolo e e kwa bokone ya Aberdare Range. <ref>R. H. Hughes, J. S. Hughes (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA190 A Directory of African Wetlands]''. IUCN. p. 190. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2880329493|<bdi>2880329493</bdi>.]]</ref> Noka e bopa delta fa e tsenelela borwabotlhaba jwa Letšha la Baringo kwa [[0.531113°N 36.115837°E]], mme seno se bopa mosima o o kitlaneng ka nako ya fa letsha le le kwa godimo.<ref>Gierlowski-Kordesch, Elizabeth; Kelts, K. R. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=XQYDPsQhCx0C&pg=PA563 ''Lake Basins Through Space and Time''.] AAPG. pp. 563–564. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0891810528|<bdi>0891810528</bdi>.]]</ref>Noka eno e na le dipaka tse di farologaneng mme ka nako ya komelelo ya kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo dikete tse pedi e ne e sa tlhole e fitlha kwa letsheng leno. <ref>Eric Onyango Odada, Daniel O. Olago (2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=aCjIB5YRtnkC&pg=PA338 The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeolimnology, and Biodiversity]''. Springer. p. 338. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1402007728|<bdi>1402007728</bdi>.]]</ref> == Tiriso ya lefatshe ya bogologolo == Mo nakong e e fetileng kgaolo eno e ne e dirisiwa ke badisa ba Il Chamus. Mo dingwageng tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo palo e e golang ya bagwebi ba temo-tlhago ba kwa Tugen ba ne ba fudugela mo lefelong leno, ka kgothatso ya semmuso. <ref>Little, Peter D. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=lik9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA34 ''The Elusive Granary: Herder, Farmer, and State in Northern Kenya''.] Cambridge University Press. p. 34. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0521405521|<bdi>0521405521</bdi>.]]</ref>Mo dingwageng tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane, batho ba ba neng ba nna mo mafelong a a neng a sa letlelelwa ba ne ba fudugela kwa Ol Arabel Forest Reserve kwa Kgaolong ya Laikipia mme ba lema diheketara di le masome a robabobedi le bone tsa lefatshe, mme kgabagare ba lelekwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bosupa .<ref>[[:en:Tabitha_Kanogo|Tabitha M. Kanogo (1987)]]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_go9AGqld1AC&pg=PA102 Squatters and the Roots of Mau Mau,] 1905-63''. East African Publishers. p. 102. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9966463267|<bdi>9966463267</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa puso e ne ya dira thulaganyo ya go aga mo Ol Arabel, mme moragonyana ya leka go fetola lefatshe go nna sekgwa gape.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KHSYeqVpXDEC&pg=PT19 "Banning of Forest Excisions"]. ''Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard)'': 1311. 3 Jul 1996. Retrieved 2012-04-12.</ref> Leano la thulo la Harambee le ne le akaretsa diheketara dile sekete tse thataro (15,000 acres) tse di neng di tshwanetse go dirisediwa go rua dikgomo le go lema mmidi. <ref>A. Nyanjom & J. K’Onyango. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_L37A_v4o9kC&pg=PA78 ''Peak Revision K.C.S.E Agriculture''.] East African Publishers. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9966254625|<bdi>9966254625</bdi>.]]</ref> == Lefelo le le sireleditsweng la sekgwa == Polokelo ya Dikgwa tsa Ol Arabel ke karolo ya dikgwa tsa Marmanet mo mokgokoloseng wa botlhaba wa Rift Valley, bokone jwa [[Nyahururu.]] Sekgwa seno se se bolokilweng, se e leng karolo ya karolo e e kwa godimo ya noka ya Ol Arabel, se kile sa bo se le bogolo jwa diheketara di le 9.629, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le boraro go ne ga kgaolwa diheketara di le 6.273. Ga go na leano la melelwane le le neng la tlhalosiwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101122213800/http://www.unep.org/pdf/Mau-Complex_20May08.pdf "Mau Complex and Marmanet forests"] (PDF). UNEP. 20 May 2008. Archived from [http://www.unep.org/pdf/Mau-Complex_20May08.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2010-11-22. Retrieved 2012-04-12.</ref> Ka ntlha ya seo, mo e ka nnang 80% ya sekgwa e ne e setse e nnile lefelo la go nna la [[Mochongoi]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi. <ref>Hilary Kiprop. [http://www.smenetwork.co.ke/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59%3Aforest-allocation-in-kenya&Itemid=102 "Forest Allocation in Kenya"]. ''SMS Network''. Retrieved 2012-04-12</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa , go ne ga itsisiwe gore European Union e ne e tla thusa ka madi gore go dirwe maiteko a go jala dikgwa gape mo kgaolong eo, go akaretsa le sekgwa sa Ol Arabel. Mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di fetileng, letsha la Baringo le ne le ntse le khurumela le go fokotsega ka ntlha ya temothuo e e oketsegang le go fokotsega ga sekgwa mo kgaolong ya lone, mme ditlhapi tse di botlhokwa mo itsholelong di ne tsa fokotsega thata. <ref>[http://desertification.wordpress.com/2007/05/30/kenya-investment-in-reforestation-environmental-and-community-devlopment-projects-fao-infosylva-allafrica-the-nation/ "Kenya: important investment in reforestation, environmental and community development projects"]. ''The Nation''. May 24, 2007. Retrieved 2012-04-12.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le lesome le bongwe motlhankedi wa Green Belt movement o ne a re sekgwa sa Ol Arabel se ne se batla se nyeletse ka ntlha ya batho ba ba remang ditlhare ka tsela e e seng ka fa molaong mme segolobogolo ba ba fisang magala. Mapodise a ne a sa dire sepe go thibela ditiro tsa bone. Dinoka tse di neng di nowa ke sekgwa di ne di tloga di kgala.<ref>WANJOHI GAKIO (9 September 2011). [http://allafrica.com/stories/201109091317.html "Kenya: Greenbelt Sounds Alarm Over Destruction of Two Laikipia Forests".] ''The Star''. Retrieved 2012-04-12.</ref> == Metswedi == iz84k7ml2ojhy40869yb2xycvjk0l2i 0 13733 50882 2026-06-18T07:55:17Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Baringo 50882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Baringo''' ke, morago ga [[Letsha la Turkana]], letsha le le kwa bokone go gaisa otlhe mo Letsha la Kenya la Rift Valley, le le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mararo (50 sq mi) le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (3,180 ft). Letsha leno le nosediwa ke dinoka di le mmalwa: Molo, Perkerra le Ol Arabel. Ga go bonale fa e tswa teng; go akanngwa gore metsi a tswa mo matlapeng a a mo letsheng a a mo letlapeng la lekgwamolelo. Ke lengwe la matsha a metsi a a foreshe a le mabedi mo Rift Valley kwa Kenya, le lengwe ke Lake Naivasha. <ref name=":0">See "Kenya designates freshwater lake in Great Rift Valley," at [http://www.ramsar.org/cda/ramsar/display/main/main.jsp?zn=ramsar&cp=1-26-45-87^22874_4000_0__ Ramsar 2009 - 2002.]</ref> Letsha leno le kwa lefelong le le kgakala le le mogote le le tletseng lerole le le nang le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mane le masome a supa ya dinonyane, tse ka dinako tse dingwe di akaretsang di-flamingo tse di fudugang. Setlhaketlhake sa Goliathe se kwa setlhaketlhakeng se se nang le matlapa mo letsheng le le bidiwang Gibraltar. Go nna gone ga Letsha la Baringo go ne ga begwa la ntlha kwa Yuropa ke Ludwig Krapf le J. Rebmann, barongwa ba Bajeremane ba ba neng ba le kwa Mombasa, mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano ; ka J. H. Mmapa wa Speke wa metswedi ya Nile (1863) Baringo e tlhakatlhakanngwa le Kgogometso ya Kavirondo ya Victoria Nyanza; e tlhagelela mo go Sir H. M. Mmapa wa Stanley (1877) jaaka karolo e kgolo ya metsi N.E. ya Victoria Nyanza. Joseph Thomson, mo loetong lwa gagwe lwa go ralala naga ya Bamasai ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le boraro , e ne e le motho wa kwa Yuropa yo o neng a bona letsha leno mme a baakanya dikgopolo tse di feteleditsweng malebana le bogolo jwa lone. Le fa go ntse jalo, ngwao ya Ba-Native e bolela gore pelenyana letsha leno le ne le le bogolo jo bo fetang jwa lone. <ref name=":1">[[:en:Lake_Baringo#CITEREFChisholm1911|Chisholm 1911,]] p. 418.</ref> == Tlhaloso == Letsha leno ke karolo ya lekgwamolelo la East African Rift. Dithaba tsa Tugen, tse di nang le maje a a tswang mo makgwamolelo le a a fetogileng popego, di kwa bophirima jwa letsha leno. Go na le mokgokolosa wa Laikipia kwa botlhaba. Metsi a elela mo letsheng go tswa kwa Mau Hills le Tugen Hills. Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la go nna le go tshabela mefuta e e fetang makgolo a matlhano ya dinonyane le diphologolo, mme dingwe tsa mefuta ya dinonyane tsa metsi tse di fudugang di botlhokwa mo kgaolong le mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Gape letsha leno le na le mefuta e le supa ya ditlhapi tsa metsi a a letswai. Nngwe ya tsone e e bidiwang Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis (e leng mofuta wa tilapia ya Nile), e fitlhelwa fela mo letsheng leno. Go tshwara ditlhapi mo matsheng go botlhokwa mo go tlhabololeng loago le itsholelo ya lefelo leo. Mo godimo ga moo, lefelo leno le na le mefuta e le mentsi ya diphologolo go akaretsa noka ya noka (Hippopotamus amphibius), kwena ya Nile (Crocodylus niloticus) le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di amusang, di-amphibian, digagabi le tse di se nang marapo. <ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080302021900/http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm "Kenya Birds - baringo".] www.kenyabirds.org.uk. Archived from [http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/baringo.htm the original] on 2008-03-02. Retrieved 2008-03-17.</ref> Le fa gone jaanong palo ya ditlhapi tsa Nile tilapia e le kwa tlase mo letsheng leno, go fokotsega ga mofuta ono go ile ga bontshiwa ke go atlega ga mofuta o mongwe, e leng tlhapi ya marble lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) e e neng ya tsenngwa mo letsheng leno ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone mme gone jaanong ke yone e dirang gore go nne le ditlhapi tse dintsi mo letsheng leno. Metsi a fokotsegile ka ntlha ya komelelo le go nosetsa thata. Letsha leno gantsi le tletse ka sediment, ka ntlha ya kgogolego e e tseneletseng ya mmu mo lefelong le le nang le metsi, segolo thata kwa Loboi Plain kwa borwa jwa letsha. <ref name=":2">Adamba, Stephanie Wangare Kamau; Otachi, Elick Onyango; Ong’ondo, Geoffrey Odhiambo (2020-02-19). "Parasite Communities of Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis (Trewavas, 1983) in Relation to Selected Water Quality Parameters in the Springs of Lorwai Swamp and Lake Baringo, Kenya". ''Acta Parasitologica''. '''65''' (2): 441–451. doi:[[doi:10.2478/s11686-020-00178-2|10.2478/s11686-020-00178-2.]] ISSN 1230-2821. <nowiki>PMID 32077035</nowiki>. S2CID 211171158.</ref> Sengwe se se tlhomologileng ka naga eno mo tikologong ya letsha leno ke "dithota" tsa ditshoswane (ditshoswane tse ditshweu). Ke dikholomo tse di sephaphathi tse di boleele jwa lesome go ya go lesome le bobedi ft. le bophara jwa 1 ft. go ya go 18 in. Kudu e kgolo, e e batlileng e sa itsege gope fela mo Afrika Botlhaba, e nna mo matlhakoreng a lekgabana la Laikipia kwa botlhaba jwa letsha mme e tla kwa tlase ga dithaba go dikologa Baringo go tla go ja. <ref name=":1" /> Patlisiso nngwe ya bosheng e bontshitse gore go na le kamano e e siameng le e e sa siamang fa gare ga ditekanyetso dingwe tsa boleng jwa metsi le palo ya dibaketeria tse di setseng di le teng. O. niloticus baringoensis go tswa kwa Letsheng la Baringo le yone e kwadisitse palo e e kwa godimo ya dipharasaete mme seno se tlhoka gore setšhaba se itse ka dikotsi tse di ka nnang teng ka ntlha ya go ja tlhapi e e sa apewang sentle e e tshwaeditsweng. <ref name=":2" /> Letsha leno le na le ditlhaketlhake tse dinnye di le mmalwa, mme se segolo go di feta tsotlhe ke Ol Kokwe Island. Ol Kokwe, e leng lefelo le le sa tlholeng le na le lekgwamolelo le le amanang le lekgwamolelo la Korosi le le kwa bokone jwa letsha leno, le na le metswedi e le mmalwa ya metsi a a bolelo le di-fumarole, tse dingwe tsa tsone di nang le disulfur. Setlhopha sa metswedi e e bothitho se elela go bapa le lotshitshi lwa Soro gaufi le sekhutlo sa bokonebotlhaba jwa setlhaketlhake. Mafelo a le mmalwa a botlhokwa a thutamarope le paleontology, a mangwe a one a tlhagisitseng hominoids le hominins, a teng mo go Miocene go ya go Pleistocene sedimentary sequences ya Tugen Hills. Toropo e kgolo e e gaufi le letsha leno ke Marigat, fa ditoropo tse dinnye tsone di akaretsa Kampi ya Samaki le Loruk. Lefelo leno le etelwa thata ke bajanala mme le kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa kgaolo ya Kenya e e nang le ditlhopha tsa merafe ya badisa e e akaretsang Il Chamus, Rendille, Turkana le Kalenjin. Go na le mafelo a bonno, (dihotele, matlo a go ikapeela le mafelo a go kampa) mmogo le ditirelo tsa go palama mekoro kwa le gaufi le Kampi-Ya-Samaki kwa lobopong lwa bophirima, mmogo le kwa ditlhaketlhakeng di le mmalwa mo letsheng. Tlaleho ya Mmuso wa Kenya ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe e hakantse hore sebaka sa Letša la Baringo se eketsehile ka 100% ho ya ho 268 square kilometres nakong ya ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le lesome go ya ko go masome a mabedi (2010 - 2020). <ref name=":1" />Metsana e e fa thoko ga letsha e ne ya khurumediwa ke metsi mme batho ba ne ba fudusiwa mo magaeng a bone. Gape go nnile le koketsego ya palo ya diphologolo jaaka dikwena, mmogo le tirisano magareng ga diphologolo tse le batho. == Metswedi == 7sphbaxk8dj960qfbtbif8zau5plsgo 0 13734 50883 2026-06-18T08:14:44Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka yaThika 50883 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Tana OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Thika]] '''Noka ya Thika''' e elela go ralala kgaolo ya Kiambu kwa bogare jwa [[Kenya]] mme ke noka e e tsenang mo nokeng ya Tana<ref>Kiringu, Kuria (March 1, 2015). ''[https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/b76d70a0-6990-4798-8d24-9705815635d7 Consideration of factors that affect flood levels in the Tana River Delta in Kenya]'' (Thesis). Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University. Archived from [http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96890 the original] on March 1, 2015.</ref>. Noka eno e dira molelwane wa tlhaloganyo magareng ga dikgaolo tsa Murang'a le Kiambu. [[Noka ya Thika]] ke motswedi o mogolo wa maatla a motlakase wa metsi kwa Kenya mme e tlamela bontsi jwa metsi a [[Nairobi]], motsemogolo wa Kenya le toropo e kgolo go gaisa<ref>Macharia, Racheal; Ndiritu, John; Gathenya, John M. (January 7, 2025). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wwp2.12248?casa_token=hq-tRzWlmeEAAAAA%3Ay4rydW0ajznLudKWLwE_72viNN0cBhBmstrUmO1J71yKeZMSOoPfNWGHyOql_PdT6fGBYIqf66osO5yaJg "Probabilistic operating rules for Thika Dam in Kenya".] ''World Water Policy''. '''11''' (2): 526–552 – via Wiley Online Library.</ref>. Leina Thika le tswa mo puong ya Kikuyu kgotsa mo puong ya Maasai.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20081029063219/http://www.thikamunicipal.go.ke/bginfo.php "Municipal council of Thika: Background information"]. Municipal Council of Thika. Archived from [http://www.thikamunicipal.go.ke/bginfo.php the original] on 2008-10-29. Retrieved 2008-09-28.</ref> E ka tswa e amana le lefoko la Kikuyu guthika, le le rayang go fitlha.<ref name=":0" /> Gape e tshwana le lefoko la Masai sika, le le rayang go phimola sengwe go tswa mo ntlheng.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsela == Noka ya Thika e simologa kwa Aberdare Range. <ref name=":1">British Dam Society Conference (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=XDtP9_hNKAAC&dq=Thika+river&pg=PA131 ''Water Resources and Reservoir Engineering''.] Thomas Telford. pp. 131–140. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7277-1692-7|<bdi>978-0-7277-1692-7</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2009-02-20.</ref> E elela kwa nokeng ya Tana, e e elelang kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref name=":1" /> Letshwao le le botlhokwa le le mo tseleng ya noka ke Thika Falls, gaufi le toropo ya Thika. <ref name=":2">Eva Ambros (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=v7ha1PXs1OcC&dq=Thika+river&pg=PA162 ''Kenya: An Up-to-date Travel Guide with 153 Color Photos and 14 Maps''.] Hunter Publishing. pp. 159–162. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-88618-167-4|978-3-88618-167-4]]</bdi>. Retrieved 2009-02-20.</ref>Thika Falls e na le lerothodi la dimetara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (82 ft) mo lefelong la sekaka mo sekgaleng sa go tsamaya ka dinao go tswa kwa Blue Post Hotel, nngwe ya dihotele tsa bogologolo go gaisa kwa Kenya.<ref name=":2" /> == Tikologo<ref name=":3">Moriasi, Daniel; et al. (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090216082029/http://ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm ''Hydrologic And Environmental Impacts Of Conservation Practices In Oklahoma Agricultural Watersheds (abstract)''.] United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. p. 1. Archived from [https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm the original] on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2009-02-20.</ref> == Mo masimologong a ngwagakgolo wa bo masome a mabedi, batsomi ba ditshedi tse dikgolo ba ne ba lemoga dinare le dikwena mo dikarolong tse di boteng tsa noka. <ref name=":4">[[:en:Peter_McHarg_MacQueen|Peter MacQueen (1909)]]. [[iarchive:inwildestafrica00macqgoog|''In Wildest Africa: The Record of a Hunting and Exploration Trip Through Uganda, Victoria Nyanza, the Kilimanjaro Region and British East Africa, with an Account of an Ascent of the Snowfields of Mount Kibo, in East Central Africa, and a Description of the Various Native Tribes''.]] George Ball and Sons. pp. 273–274. Retrieved 2009-02-20. <q>Thika river.</q></ref> Baboons le di-leopards di ne di nna mo sekgweng gaufi le Thika Falls.<ref name=":4" />Di-antelope le di-zebra di ne di nna mo nageng e e bulegileng e e kwa godimo ga diphororo.<ref name=":4" />Ditshukudu, ditau le diphiri le tsone di ne di nna mo lefelong leno. <ref name=":4" />Bontsi jwa diphologolo gompieno di fudugetse kwa godimo ga noka go ya kwa sekgweng sa Aberdares kgotsa kwa tlase ga noka ka ntlha ya kgatelelo go tswa mo bathong ba ba nnang gaufi le noka. == Motswedi wa metsi == Diperesente di le masome a robedi tsa metsi a Nairobi, motsemoshate wa Kenya, a tswa mo Nokeng ya Thika. <ref name=":3" /> Go rengwa ga dikgwa le go fudisiwa thata ga diphologolo mo nokeng go bakile mathata a kgogolego ya mmu.<ref name=":3" />Sediments di fokoditse go elela ga noka, bogolo jwa letamo, le boleng jwa metsi.[ 7] Boleng jwa metsi le jone bo ile jwa senyega ka ntlha ya go elela ga dibolayaditshenekegi. == Motlakase wa Metsi == Thika ke karolo ya Tana basin, e leng karolo e kgolo ya metsi a a omileng a Kenya. 8] Motlakase wa metsi go tswa mo nokeng ya Thika o tlamela karolo e kgolo ya motlakase wa Kenya. Kopo ya ntlha ya go dirisa maatla a motlakase wa metsi a noka ya Thika e ne ya tlhagisiwa ka bonako morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe I ke Guglielmo Marconi jaaka tsela ya go tlamela motlakase wa seteišene sa tlhaeletsano sa radio se se rulagantsweng kwa Nairobi. Leano la ga Marconi ga le a ka la diragadiwa, fela ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone Letamo la Thika le ne la agiwa ka letamo la metsi la dikhubiki dimetara di le dimilione di le masome a supa (15 billion imperial gallons; 18 billion US gallons).[ Noka ya Thika e thusa gape le go dira letamo la metsi la Masinga, le le direlang matamo a Seven Forks. 7] Fa di kopanngwa mmogo, dikwatara tse tharo tsa motlakase wa Kenya di tswa mo matamong ano.[ 7] == Metswedi == 74iixsfi51ndjn9vp4bl8qmi3d6cj03 0 13735 50884 2026-06-18T08:27:13Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Nairobi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Nairobi|image_name=Nairobi river in the city.jpg|image_map=Kenya relief location map.jpg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka|location=[[Kenya]]}} '''Noka ya Nairobi''' ke noka e e elelang go kgabaganya [[Nairobi]], toropokgolo ya [[Kenya]]. Ke noka kgolo ya kgampu ya noka ya Nairobi, ka melatswana e le mmalwa e elela kwa botlhaba. Dinoka tsotlhe tsa kgampu ya noka ya Nairobi di kopana kwa botlhaba jwa Nairobi kwa di kopanang teng le [[noka ya Athi]], e e elelelang kwa lewatleng la Indian. Dinoka tse bontsi di ditshesane ebile di kgotlhelesegile thata,<ref>Ndiritu, G. G., N. N. Gichuki, P. Kaur, and L. Triest. 2003. The Nairobi river is mainly used by local citizens for bathing, washing clothes, and cleaning their homes. Characterization of environmental gradients using physicochemical measurements and diatom densities in Nairobi River, Kenya. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 6 (3): 343–354.</ref> le ntswa maiteko a mo bosheng a go phepafatsa dinoka a tokafaditse boleng jwa metsi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131216/http://www.unep.org/urban_environment/PDFs/ISWMLaunch_NairobiRiverBasin.pdf "Nairobi River Basin"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.unep.org/urban_environment/PDFs/ISWMLaunch_NairobiRiverBasin.pdf the original] (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2026</ref> Noka e kgolo ya Nairobi, e kopanya legare le le kwa bokone jwa toropo kwa e leng mosele teng. == Tse di tshelang mo go yone == [[Setshwantsho:Nairobi river pollution.jpg|thumb|Kgotlhelesego mo nokeng ya Nairobi]] Noka ya Nairobi e simologa kwa makgobokgobong a Ondiri kwa Kikuyu.<ref>Obura, Fredrick. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/farmkenya/article/2001293527/increased-human-activities-threaten-source-of-nairobi-river "Increased human activities threaten source of Nairobi River - Smart Harvest".] ''www.farmers.co.ke''. Retrieved 18 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Nairobi e na le tse di tshelang mo go yone di le mmalwa:<ref>Galimo Askumo (27 May 2017). [https://askumo.com/a-guide-to-nairobi-rivers-and-streams/ "A Guide to Nairobi's Rivers and Streams".]</ref> * [[Noka ya Athi]] * Noka ya Gathara-ini * Noka ya Gitathuru * Noka ya Kiu * Noka ya Mathari * [[Noka ya Mbagathi]] * Noka ya Nairobi * Noka ya Ngong * Noka ya RuiRuaka Noka ya Moitone e elelela kwa letamong la Nairobi, ke lekadiba le le ikagetsweng le le dirisiediwang go isa metsi a a nowang kwa baging ba Nairobi. Lekadiba le, le tswelela e le noka ya Ngong. [[Noka ya Gatharaini]]<ref>Ndaruga, A. M., G. G. Ndiritu, N. N. Gichuki and W. N. Wamicha.N. 2004. The impact of water quality changes on riverine macroinvertebrate assemblages along a tropical stream, [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]]. African Journal of Ecology 42: 208–216</ref> e simolola kwa dithabeng tsa Aberdare e elela go kgabaganya mafelo a le mmalwa a a nnang batho. Noka e, e amiwa ke ditiro tsa batho mo meseleng ya yone le mo tikologong ya yone. Kwa dikgaolong tsa Kiambaa le Kanunga, noka e feta mafelo a a makgobokgobo, kwa temothuo le bonno e leng tsone ditiriso tsa lefatshe tsa boremelelo. Kwa gare ga Kiambu, go na le dijalo tsa kofi le go lema mo go kopaneng. Kwa botlhaba jwa Nairobi e feta ka kompone ya kgopo leswe kwa Ngundu, Kamulu. Kwa dikgaolong tsa Githurai le Zimmerman, noka e itsege ka go lemiwa ga kofi, temothuo, le madirelo a tshwana le a go dirisa letlalo le tlhako ya kgomo a Kamiti. Metsi a a kwa tlase ga noka a letswai thata ebile a na le monko o o sa siamang. Bogologolo temo ya dijalo tsa modi le morogo e ne e tlwaelesegile mo lefelong leo lotlhe. Maiteko a go somarela le go sireletsa noka ga ise a diriwe. Dinoka tsa Nairobi di kgotlhelesegile ka ntlha ya temothuo, go ipaya fela le madirelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061023152439/http://www.biosafetynews.com/octnov02/story8.htm "Biosafety News, October/November 2002"]. Archived from [https://www.biosafetynews.com/octnov02/story8.htm the original] on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2026</ref><ref>Ndiritu, G. G., N. N. Gichuki and L. Triest. 2006. Distribution of epilithic diatoms in response to environmental conditions in an urban tropical stream, Central Kenya. Biodiversity and conservation 15:3267-3293</ref> Ka dipaka tsa pula, dinoka tse di kwa lotshitshing di tlala thata di bake merwalela. Lefatshe la Kenya le na le noka e nngwe e e bidiwang ka leina la Noka ya Nairobi le le simololang kwa thabeng ya Mount Kenya le tshela kwa Sagana le Tana, noka e telele go fetisa tse dingwe kwa Kenya.<ref>''Rough Guide Map Kenya'' (Map) (9 ed.). 1:900,000. Rough Guide Map. Cartography by World Mapping Project. Rough Guide. 2006. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-84353-359-6|<bdi>1-84353-359-6</bdi>.]]</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe kwa Kenya]] == Metswedi == firkd0w52e6j1r5drfb1xw098gcncys 50885 50884 2026-06-18T08:28:37Z JudithShe 9421 Ke tsenste setshwantsho mo tsebeng e. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Nairobi|image_name=Nairobi river in the city.jpg|image_map=Kenya relief location map.jpg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka|location=[[Kenya]]}} '''Noka ya Nairobi''' ke noka e e elelang go kgabaganya [[Nairobi]], toropokgolo ya [[Kenya]]. Ke noka kgolo ya kgampu ya noka ya Nairobi, ka melatswana e le mmalwa e elela kwa botlhaba. Dinoka tsotlhe tsa kgampu ya noka ya Nairobi di kopana kwa botlhaba jwa Nairobi kwa di kopanang teng le [[noka ya Athi]], e e elelelang kwa lewatleng la Indian. Dinoka tse bontsi di ditshesane ebile di kgotlhelesegile thata,<ref>Ndiritu, G. G., N. N. Gichuki, P. Kaur, and L. Triest. 2003. The Nairobi river is mainly used by local citizens for bathing, washing clothes, and cleaning their homes. Characterization of environmental gradients using physicochemical measurements and diatom densities in Nairobi River, Kenya. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 6 (3): 343–354.</ref> le ntswa maiteko a mo bosheng a go phepafatsa dinoka a tokafaditse boleng jwa metsi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131216/http://www.unep.org/urban_environment/PDFs/ISWMLaunch_NairobiRiverBasin.pdf "Nairobi River Basin"] (PDF). Archived from [https://www.unep.org/urban_environment/PDFs/ISWMLaunch_NairobiRiverBasin.pdf the original] (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2026</ref> Noka e kgolo ya Nairobi, e kopanya legare le le kwa bokone jwa toropo kwa e leng mosele teng. == Tse di tshelang mo go yone == [[Setshwantsho:Nairobi river pollution.jpg|thumb|Kgotlhelesego mo nokeng ya Nairobi]] Noka ya Nairobi e simologa kwa makgobokgobong a Ondiri kwa Kikuyu.<ref>Obura, Fredrick. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/farmkenya/article/2001293527/increased-human-activities-threaten-source-of-nairobi-river "Increased human activities threaten source of Nairobi River - Smart Harvest".] ''www.farmers.co.ke''. Retrieved 18 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Nairobi e na le tse di tshelang mo go yone di le mmalwa:<ref>Galimo Askumo (27 May 2017). [https://askumo.com/a-guide-to-nairobi-rivers-and-streams/ "A Guide to Nairobi's Rivers and Streams".]</ref> * [[Noka ya Athi]] * Noka ya Gathara-ini * Noka ya Gitathuru * Noka ya Kiu * Noka ya Mathari * [[Noka ya Mbagathi]] * Noka ya Nairobi * Noka ya Ngong * Noka ya RuiRuaka Noka ya Moitone e elelela kwa letamong la Nairobi, ke lekadiba le le ikagetsweng le le dirisiediwang go isa metsi a a nowang kwa baging ba Nairobi. Lekadiba le, le tswelela e le noka ya Ngong. [[Noka ya Gatharaini]]<ref>Ndaruga, A. M., G. G. Ndiritu, N. N. Gichuki and W. N. Wamicha.N. 2004. The impact of water quality changes on riverine macroinvertebrate assemblages along a tropical stream, [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]]. African Journal of Ecology 42: 208–216</ref> e simolola kwa dithabeng tsa Aberdare e elela go kgabaganya mafelo a le mmalwa a a nnang batho. Noka e, e amiwa ke ditiro tsa batho mo meseleng ya yone le mo tikologong ya yone. Kwa dikgaolong tsa Kiambaa le Kanunga, noka e feta mafelo a a makgobokgobo, kwa temothuo le bonno e leng tsone ditiriso tsa lefatshe tsa boremelelo. Kwa gare ga Kiambu, go na le dijalo tsa kofi le go lema mo go kopaneng. Kwa botlhaba jwa Nairobi e feta ka kompone ya kgopo leswe kwa Ngundu, Kamulu. Kwa dikgaolong tsa Githurai le Zimmerman, noka e itsege ka go lemiwa ga kofi, temothuo, le madirelo a tshwana le a go dirisa letlalo le tlhako ya kgomo a Kamiti. Metsi a a kwa tlase ga noka a letswai thata ebile a na le monko o o sa siamang. Bogologolo temo ya dijalo tsa modi le morogo e ne e tlwaelesegile mo lefelong leo lotlhe. Maiteko a go somarela le go sireletsa noka ga ise a diriwe. Dinoka tsa Nairobi di kgotlhelesegile ka ntlha ya temothuo, go ipaya fela le madirelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061023152439/http://www.biosafetynews.com/octnov02/story8.htm "Biosafety News, October/November 2002"]. Archived from [https://www.biosafetynews.com/octnov02/story8.htm the original] on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2026</ref><ref>Ndiritu, G. G., N. N. Gichuki and L. Triest. 2006. Distribution of epilithic diatoms in response to environmental conditions in an urban tropical stream, Central Kenya. Biodiversity and conservation 15:3267-3293</ref> Ka dipaka tsa pula, dinoka tse di kwa lotshitshing di tlala thata di bake merwalela. Lefatshe la Kenya le na le noka e nngwe e e bidiwang ka leina la Noka ya Nairobi le le simololang kwa thabeng ya Mount Kenya le tshela kwa Sagana le Tana, noka e telele go fetisa tse dingwe kwa Kenya.<ref>''Rough Guide Map Kenya'' (Map) (9 ed.). 1:900,000. Rough Guide Map. Cartography by World Mapping Project. Rough Guide. 2006. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-84353-359-6|<bdi>1-84353-359-6</bdi>.]]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Gathara-ini river.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Gathara-ini kwa kgaolong ya Kasarani; kwa Nairobi]] == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe kwa Kenya]] == Metswedi == 60fpgmz08c19ipas3gpgrzv1ngwqq48 0 13736 50886 2026-06-18T08:39:47Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Mbagathi 50886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Mbagathi''' ke noka ya kwa [[Kenya]] gaufi le [[Nairobi]] mme ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di botlhokwa tsa [[Noka ya Athi]]. Noka eno e tswa kwa motsweding wa tlholego kwa Bokonebophirima jwa Dithaba tsa Ngong kwa lefelong le le bidiwang Kerarapon. Noka eno e na le lesego, ka gonne ga e fete mo lefelong le le agilweng, go fitlha e fitlha kwa lefelong le le atlhameng kwa Kajiado Bokone le le bidiwang Ongata Rongai (le le rayang "Mokgatšha o Monnye" ka puo ya Se-KiMaa). Mo karolong yotlhe ya yone e e kwa bokone e sireleditswe ka tsela nngwe ke matlo a batho ba maemo a a fa gare mme fa e ntse e elela go ya kwa botlhaba e bapile le Nairobi National Park. Go tswa foo e solegelwa molemo ke go sirelediwa ga tikologo ka go atolosa National Park le go fokotsa go kgorelediwa ga karolo ya yone e e kwa bokone le go ya bokgakaleng jo bo rileng, le karolo ya yone e e kwa borwa. Dikilometara tsa ntlha di le masome a mabedi go ya go di le masome mararo tsa noka eno ga di kgotlelwe le fa gone e le gaufi le toropo e tona go di feta tsotlhe kwa Kenya; Nairobi. Go na le bosupi jwa gore ka dinako tse dingwe go ne go ntshiwa metsi a a leswe le matlakala go akaretsa le dipolasetiki. Pele fela ga e dira molelwane o o kwa borwa wa Nairobi National Park, e feta mo lefelong le le itsegeng ka leina la 'Bangladesh'. Melatswana e le mmalwa e e botlhokwa, segolobogolo Mokoyeti le Sosian, e e tlhatlogang kwa sekgweng sa Ngong, e elela noka eno ka Phaka ya Bosetšhaba. <ref>Walling, D.E., Probst, Jean-Luc, 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4KJDbNAEzQC ''Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation'',] IAHS, ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1901502305|978-1901502305]]</bdi>, page 146.</ref>E bopa molelwane o o kwa borwa wa Nairobi National Park.<ref>Prins, Herbert H. T., Grootenhuis, Jan Geu, and Dolan, Thomas T., 2000, ''Wildlife Conservation by Sustainable Use'', Springer, ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-412-79730-5|<bdi>0-412-79730-5</bdi>,]] page 143.</ref> Diphologolo di kgabaganya noka eno fa di fuduga. Gape e dira molelwane wa botlhaba wa kgaolo ya Nairobi e feta ka Utawala, magareng ga [[Kamulu]] le Joska. <ref>Trillo, Richard, 2002, [https://books.google.com/books?id=99x5ea1Gq-cC The Rough Guide to Kenya,] Rough Guides, ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-85828-859-2|1-85828-859-2]]</bdi>, page 158.</ref>Go agilwe matamo a le mmalwa a mannye go bapa le noka.<ref>Hodd, Michael, 2002, ''East Africa Handbook: [https://books.google.com/books?id=NUyRbGkUzyAC The Travel Guide]''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NUyRbGkUzyAC , Footprint Travel Guides], ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-900949-65-2|1-900949-65-2]]</bdi>, page 115.</ref> == Metswedi == agnxnu4amqvmphmi28d4cfbalchxv6x 0 13737 50887 2026-06-18T09:22:22Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Makgobokgobo a Ondiri #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50887 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makgobokgobo a Ondiri''' (a ka dinako tse dingwe a bidiwang '''ditsobotlo tsa ũndirĩ''')<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210723055611/https://friendsofondiriwetlands.org/ "Friends of ũndirĩ Wetland Kenya | Home".] ''friendsofondiriwetlands.org''. Archived from [https://friendsofondiriwetlands.org/ the original] on 2021-07-23. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> ke makgobokgobo a a sireleditsweng a e leng motswedi wa [[noka ya Nairobi]] gaufi le Kikuyu kwa Kiambu, [[Kenya|Kenya.]]<ref>Obura, Fredrick. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/farmkenya/article/2001293527/increased-human-activities-threaten-source-of-nairobi-river "Increased human activities threaten source of Nairobi River - FarmKenya Initiative".] ''Farm Kenya Initiative''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> Pele a ne a bidiwa Kihenia, e le lefoko le le rayang bogodimo jo bo phatsimang. Le fa go ntse jalo bathibeledi ba kwa Yuropa ba ne ba le fetola leina go le bitsa "Old Lake", mo morago go neng ga fetoga go nna "Ondiri".<ref>[https://www.youth4nature.org/blog/ondiri-blog "Restoring the Heart of Kikuyu: Ondiri Wetland".] ''Youth4Nature''. 2024-03-01. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> Makgobokgobo a, a mo kgatelelong ka ntlha ya go ntshiwa ga metsi, go kgaolwa ga ditlhare le kgotlhelesego e e diragalang ka bofefo.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Muchiri, Nancy W. (2012). ''[https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/items/d5968737-3d7e-4eff-a011-fb5945cbbb6c The impact of human activities on Wetlands: a case study of Ondiri Wetland in Kiambu County, Kenya]'' (Thesis thesis). University of Nairobi, Kenya.</ref> Go kwadilwe ka 2021 gore tshomarelo ya porojeke e, ke bontlha jwa lenaneo legolo la puso ya Kenya la go fokotsa kgotlhelesego mo metsweding ya metsi e megolo e e isangmetsi kwa Nairobi e le bontlha jwa porojeke ya [[letamo la Thwake]].<ref name=":1">[https://africaclimateconversations.com/saving-kenyas-water-source-ondiri-wetland/ "Saving Kenya's Capital City Water Source, The ũndirĩ Wetland".] ''Africa Climate Conversations''. 19 July 2021. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref><ref>Mugo, George (25 July 2021). [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-07-25-ondiri-wetland-water-levels-rises-after-fencing "Ondiri Wetland water levels rises after fencing".] ''The Star''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref><ref>Koech, Gilbert. [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-01-06-ondiri-swamp-to-be-gazetted-soon-says-nema "Ondiri Swamp to be gazetted soon, says Nema".] ''The Star''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> Tsela e ya metsi e botlhokwa gape mo temothuong ya ntlong ya dijalo.<ref name=":1" /> Makgobokgobo a Ondiri a bophara jwa sekweremithara di le didikadike tse tharo, dikete di le makgolo a supa le lesome le boraro, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mane le borobabongwe, ke motswedi wa melatswana e le masome mane, e e isang metsi kwa setshabeng.<ref name=":2">[https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/the-world-wetlands-day-held-at-ondiri-swamp/ "The World Wetlands Day held at Ondiri Swamp".] ''Kenya News''. February 3, 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2026</ref> Makgobokgobo a, a ne a kgotlhelesegile thata ka dibolaya disenyi le go latlha matlakala. Ka ngwaga wa 2004, tshekatsheko e ne ya fitlhela mefuta ya dinonyane e le bonnyennyane jwa masome a mane le motso.<ref>Mungai, Naftali. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/news/article/2001311746/why-resource-rich-ondiri-swamp-must-be-conserved "Why resource rich Ondiri Swamp must be conserved".] ''The Standard''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2020, go ne go na le mefuta e le masome a supa le borataro ya dinonyane kwa makgobokgobong. Ka ngwaga wa 2016, lekgotla la Friends of Ondiri Wetland Kenya (FOWK) le ne la tlhamiwa go tsosolosa le go sireletsa makgobokgobo; le dira matsholo a go itsise batho, le lema ditlhare, le go tshwara meletlo ya setshaba.<ref>May 21, 2020, Thursday (2020-09-19). [https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/greening-ondiri-the-resource-rich-old-lake-2290354 "Greening Ondiri, the resource-rich Old Lake".] ''Business Daily''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref><ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/saving-kenyas-ondiri-wetland-region/video-54561256 ''Saving Kenya's Ondiri wetland region – DW – 09/23/2021''.] Retrieved 2026-06-18 – via www.dw.com.</ref> Gompieno go na le mefuta ya dinonyane e le masome a supa le borataro kwa makgobokgobong,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozYL48AiM5I ''Wetland Warrior | 52 Documentary'',] retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> fa go tshwantshanngwa le tshekatsheko ya 2004 e e boneng mefuta e le masome a mane le bone.<ref>Mungai, Naftali. [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/news/article/2001311746/why-resource-rich-ondiri-swamp-must-be-conserved "Why resource rich Ondiri Swamp must be conserved".] ''The Standard''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> Moletlo wa kwa Kenya wa 2022 wa letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la makgobokgobo o ne o tshwaretswe kwa Ondiri go lemotsha botlhokwa jwa makgobokgobo ao a matona kwa lefatsheng leo.<ref name=":2" /> Moletlo wa letsatsi la mafatshfatshe la makgobokgobo wa 2025 le one gape o ne o tshwaretswe kwa Ondiri. David Wakogy ke motlhami wa lekgotla la makgobokgobo a Ondiri. Lekgotla le gape le rulaganya mabelo a ngwaga le ngwaga atshomarelo ya makobokgobo a Ondiri. == Metswedi == 8f6g0o25aalku1dqdt9u9ufk27hv9hm 0 13738 50889 2026-06-18T10:46:50Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Thwake #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Thwake''' kgotsa '''lenaneo la tlhabololo metsi la Thwake''', ke dikago tsa letamo tse di agiwang kwa [[Noka ya Athi|nokeng ya Athi]] kwa [[Kenya]].<ref name=":0">Otieno, Jullias. [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-07-09-uhuru-thwake-dam-construction-will-be-complete-by-june-next-year "Uhuru: Thwake Dam construction will be complete by June next year".] ''The Star''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref><ref name=":1">[https://constructionreviewonline.com/thwake-multi-purpose-dam-project-timeline-and-all-you-need-to-know/ "Thwake Multi-purpose Dam project timeline and all you need to know".] ''Construction Review Online''. 2021-07-13. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> Letamo le maikaelelo ke gore le nne letamo la ditiro tse di farologaneng le le ntshang metsi a a nowang, a a nosetsang, go fetlha motlakase le tse dingwe tsa metsi.<ref name=":0" /> Le baya metsi a seelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi, tiriso a one e le go nosa magae, Konza le magae a mangwe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Letamo le lopa madi a disheleng tsa Kenya a le dibilone di le masome a mararo le bosupa, le agiwa ke kompone ya China Gezhouba Group.<ref name=":2">Koech, Gilbert (25 October 2020). [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-10-25-nema-shifts-focus-to-athi-after-nairobi-river-cleaned-up "Nema shifts focus to Athi after Nairobi River cleaned up".] ''The Star''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> Madi a ntshitswe ke lekgotla la African Development Fund.<ref>[https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/VProject/show/P-KE-E00-008 "Kenya - Thwake Multi-purpose Water Development Programme – Phase I".] ''projectsportal.afdb.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> == Dikarolo == Kago le go diriwa ga porojeke go kgaogantswe ka dikarolo di le nne:<ref name=":3">Ministry of Water, Sanitation, and Irrigation (2024). [https://water.go.ke/sites/default/files/2025-01/TOR-CONSULTANCY%20SERVICES%20TO%20UNDERTAKE%20STAKEHOLDER%20AWARENESS%20AND%20COMMUNITY%20SENSITIZATION%20COMMUNICATION%20CAMPAIGNS%20ON%20DAM%20BREAK%20AND%20EMERGENCY%20PREPAREDNESS%20.pdf "Terms of Reference: Consultancy Services to Undertake Stakeholder Awareness and Community Sensitization Communication Campaigns on Dam Break and Emergency Preparedness"] (PDF). Government of Kenya. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> '''Karolo ya ntlha''': Kago ya lebotana la letamo le tsela ya go ntsha metsi kwa tlase ga noka ya Athi le noka ya Thwake. Lebotana le le dimithara di le masome a robabobedi go ya kwa godimo, le na le seelo sa dimithara di le didikadike di le makgolo a marataro, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi.<ref>Ministry of Water, Sanitation, and Irrigation (2025). "[https://www.water.go.ke/sites/default/files/2025-01/TOR%20for%20identification%20of%20Dam%20Managament%20and%20Operations%20Agency.pdf Terms of Reference for Identification of Dam Management and Operations Agency"] (PDF). Government of Kenya. Retrieved 2026-06-18.</ref> Kago e simolotse ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2018,e ne e tshwanetse go fediwa ka Ngwanatsele 2022 mme e ne ya diega ka ntlha ya madi le segajaja sa COVID-19, e solofetswe go fela ka Seetebosigo 2025.<ref>Marita, Bosco (2024-10-02). [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-10-02-thwake-dam-phase-1-to-be-complete-by-june-2025-cs-muuga "Thwake Dam phase 1 to be complete by June 2025 - CS Muuga".]</ref><ref>Wanza, Prudence (2024-06-18). [https://www.kbc.co.ke/thwake-dam-project-hits-milestone-with-completion-of-embankment-area/ "Thwake Dam project hits milestone with completion of embankment area"]. ''KBC Digital''. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> '''Karolo ya bobedi:''' Go tlaa diriwa mafaratlhatlha a go fetlha motlaka se mo letamong ka seelo sa di megawatts di le masome mabedi.<ref>ResearchGate (2024). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383037329_Probable_Project_Charter_Thwake_Multi-Purpose_Dam_Project "Probable Project Charter: Thwake Multi-Purpose Dam Project".] ResearchGate. Retrieved 2026-06-18.</ref> '''Karolo ya boraro:''' E itebagantse le mafaratlhatlha a go isa metsi le kgopo leswe go direla batho ba ba kwa Kitui le Makueni. Tsamaiso ya go okamela metsi a a leswe e dirilwe e le bontlha jwa karolo e.<ref name=":3" /> '''Karolo ya bone:''' Go diriwa ga mafaratlhatlha a go nosetsa lefelo la bophara jwa diheketara di le dikete di le masome a mane.<ref name=":3" /> == Matshwenyego a kgotlhelesego == Letlhoko la metsi a a nowang go tswa kwa letamong go ne ga baka diporojeke di le mmalwa tsa tshomarelo tikologo, e le maiteko a go dira metsi a a phepa jaaka kwa [[Makgobokgobo a Ondiri|makgobokgobong a Ondiri]].<ref name=":2" /> Fa godimmo ga foo, madirelo a le mantsi a ne a tshololela metsi mo nokeng.<ref name=":2" /> Ka Phukwi 2021, letamo le ne la kgalelwa go tlhoka metsi a a phepa ke Nancy Gathungu o e leng mosekaseki, ka ntlha ya kgotlhelesego ya mafelo a tshwana le [[noka ya Athi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://peopledaily.digital/ "Sh81b Thwake Dam project water 'unfit for human use'".] ''People Daily''. 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2026-06-18</ref> == Metswedi == gl7e7vsvsoj4iet4hygsfpahrjwsp9n 0 13739 50890 2026-06-18T10:48:36Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETSHA LA KYOGA 50890 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Kyoga''' kgotsa '''Letsha la Kioga''' (le le rayang 'lefelo la go thuma' ka puo ya Runyoro) ke letsha le legolo le le seng boteng kwa Uganda, le le ka nnang 1,720 km2 (660 sq mi) <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150204122325/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=AFR-15 "Lake Kyoga".] ''World Lakes Database''. 1999. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015</ref>ka bogolo le bogodimo jwa 1,033 metres.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325970 Lake Kyoga] at the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-starts-irrigation-schemes-in-serere-4621462 "Govt starts irrigation schemes in Serere"]. ''Monitor''. 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-21</ref> Victoria Nile e elela go ralala letsha mo tseleng ya yone go tswa kwa Lake Victoria go ya kwa Lake Albert. Metsi a magolo a a tswang mo Letsheng la Victoria a laolwa ke Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Nalubaale kwa Jinja. Motswedi o mongwe wa metsi ke kgaolo ya Thaba ya Elgon e e mo molelwaneng wa Uganda le Kenya. Le fa gone Letsha la Kyoga e le karolo ya thulaganyo ya African Great Lakes, lone ka bolone ga le tsewe e le letsha le legolo. Letsha leno le boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 5,7 mme bontsi jwa lone ga le boteng jwa dimetara di le nne .<ref name=":0" />Mafelo a a boteng jo bo kwa tlase ga dimetara tse tharo a khurumeditswe gotlhelele ke dithunya tsa metsi, fa bontsi jwa lotshitshi lo lo nang le motlhaba lo khurumeditswe ke papyrus le hyacinth ya metsi e e tlhaselang. Gape papirase eno e dira ditlhaketlhake tse di kokobalang tse di tsamayang fa gare ga ditlhaketlhake tse dinnye tse di nnelang ruri. Mawatle ano a dikologilwe ke mafelo a magolo a a nang le metsi a a tswang mo melatswaneng le dinokeng. Ditlhaba tsa yone di akaretsa; Lake Kwania, Lake Bisina, Lake Bugondo le Lake Opeta.<ref name=":0" /> == Diphologolo le go tshwara ditlhapi == Go na le dikwena di le dintsi tsa Nile, fela jaaka go na le diphologolo tse di tshelang mo metsing. Go na le bobotlana mefuta e le masome a marataro ya di-haplochromine cichlid, mmogo le mefuta e mengwe e sekae ya ditlhapi tse di jaaka sardine ya Letsha la Victoria le marble lungfish. Bontsi jwa di-haplochromine cichlids ke tsa selegae, mme di amana thata le mefuta ya letsha la Victoria,<ref name=":1">Green, J. (2009). "The Kyoga Catchment". In H.J. Dumont (ed.). ''The Nile''. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 205–214. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9725-6|<bdi>978-1-4020-9725-6</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":2">Mwanja, W.W.; A.S. Armoudlian; S.B. Wandera; L. Kaufman; L. Wu; G.C. Booton; P.A. Fuerst (2001). "The bounty of minor lakes: the role of small satellite water bodies in evolution and conservation of fishes in the Lake Victoria Region, East Africa". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''458''' (1): 55–62. doi:[[doi:10.1023/A:1013167725047|10.1023/A:1013167725047.]] S2CID 6439470</ref>mme di bontsha maemo a a tshwanang a go farologana go ya ka mokgwa wa go ja.<ref>Mbabazi, D.; R. Ogutu-Ohwayo; S.B. Wandera; Y. Kiziito (2004). "Fish species and trophic diversity of haplochromine cichlids in the Kyoga satellite lakes (Uganda)". ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''42''' (1): 59–68. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00492.x|10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00492.x.]]</ref>Ba-Kyoga cichlids ba akaretsa mefuta e e tlhalositsweng jaaka Haplochromis latifasciatus le H. worthingtoni, le e e sa tlhalosiwang jaaka H. sp. "Kyoga flameback" le H. sp. "ruby".<ref>[http://www.african-cichlid.com/Lake_Victoria.htm Bauman, K. "African Cichlids from the Lake Victoria basin"]. Retrieved 25 September 2019.</ref>Fela jaaka kwa Letsheng la Victoria, di-Kyoga cichlids di ile tsa nyelediwa ke di-Nile perch tse di tsentsweng mo nageng mme mefuta mengwe ya tsone e setse e nyeletse. E re ka Kyoga ka kakaretso e se boteng e bile e na le seretse, dikarolo dingwe tsa yone tse di bidiwang "matsha a disathalaete" di kgaogane le letsha le legolo ka ditsela tse di farologaneng. Palo ya di-haplochromine cichlids tse di sa ntseng di tshela mo karolong nngwe le nngwe e amana ka tlhamalalo le maemo a di-perch tsa Nile. Le fa e le yone e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe, go na le mefuta e e ka fa tlase ga e lemasome a matlhano ya di-haplochromine tse di tshelang mo karolong e kgolo e di-perch tsa Nile di fitlhelwang thata mo go yone. Fa go bapisiwa, matsha a mannye thata a Lemwa, Nyaguo le Nawampasa ga a na di-perch tsa Nile, le fa go ntse jalo, go na le mefuta e le masome a matlhao ya di-haplochromine tse di tshelang mo go lengwe le lengwe la matsha ano a mabedi a ntlha, le e le masome a marataro mo go a bofelo.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, matsha a mannye a sathalaete a Nakuwa le Nyasala koo Nile perch e leng ntsi teng a na le di-haplochromine tse di ka fa tlase ga masome a mararo le tlhano tse di falotseng ka go latelana. Se gape se raya gore go thaya ditlhapi mo letsheng la Kyoga go fetogile ka iketlo go tswa mo go tshwareng mefuta e le mentsi ya ditshedi tse di tlholegang mo letsheng la Victoria, go ya go tshwareng di-sardine tsa letsha la Victoria, di-perch tsa Nile le di-tilapia tsa Nile<ref name=":3">Witte, F.; M. de Graaf; O.C. Mkumbo; A.I. El-Moghraby; F.A. Sibbing (2009). "Fisheries in the Nile System". In H.J. Dumont (ed.). ''The Nile''. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 723–748. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9725-6|<bdi>978-1-4020-9725-6</bdi>.]]</ref>(di-tilapia tse pedi tse di tlholegang mo letsheng leno, e leng Singida le Victoria, di setse di sa tlwaelega, ntle fela le mo matsheng a mangwe a e seng a tlholego).<ref name=":2" />Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), ke fela diphesente tse nne ya ditlhapi tse di neng di le di-haplochromine cichlids.<ref name=":3" /> == Dimela == [[Setshwantsho:Lake Kyoga Papyrus.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Kyoga]] Letsha la Kyoga le na le dimela tse di akaretsang Pistia stratiotes (lekalana la metsi), Cyperus papyrus, Vossia cuspidata (setlhare sa hippo) le water lily (Nymphaea spp.).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240521070219/https://www.globalnature.org/35625/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Kyoga/resindex.aspx#:~:text=Lake%20Kyoga%20has%20a%20rich,also%20found%20in%20the%20lake. "GNF - Lake Kyoga"]. ''www.globalnature.org''. Archived from the original on 2024-05-21. Retrieved 2024-05-21</ref><ref>[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3596 "Lake Kyoga".] ''World Lake Database''. International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Retrieved 2025-10-27.</ref> == Metswedi == 99d24buts12ot8wlclbwh7cz76zwjqi 0 13740 50893 2026-06-18T11:16:01Z ~2026-35438-11 12887 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50893 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Ancient_Egypt|Motse wa bogologolo wa Egepeto]] o ne o nonotshiwa ke [[:en:Nile_River|Noka ya Nile]] le merwalela ya yone e e tlang ka metlha. Ka jalo, go ikaegile ka Noka ya "Nile"gore e tle e nne le merwalela gangwe le gape. Tsela e noka e e neng e kgona go elela ka yone le mmu wa yone o o nonneng di ne tsa dira gore Baegepeto ba ba tlholegileng koo ba kgone go aga mmusomogolo o o neng o ikaegile ka dikhumo tsa bone tse dikgolo tsa temothuo. Baegepeto ba tsewa ele bangwe ba [[:en:History_of_agriculture|ditlhopha tsa ntlha tsa batho]] ba baneng ba lema ka selekanyo se segolo. Se se ne sa kgonega ka ntlha ya botswerere jwa Baegepeto fa ba ne ba tlhabolola mokgwa wa go nosetsa ka metsi.<ref>Kees,Herman. "Ancient Egypt: A Cultural Topography." Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. Print.</ref> Mekgwa ya bone ya go lema e ne ya ba letla go jala dijalo tsa dijo tsa konokono, segolobogolo dithoro tse di jaaka korong le barele, le dijalo tsa madirelo, tse di jaaka [[:en:Flax|leloba]] le [[:en:Papyrus|papirase]].<ref>Janick, Jules (June 2002). "Ancient Egyptian Agriculture and the Origins of Horticulture". Acta Horticulturae (583): 23–39. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.693.7643. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.582.1.</ref> == Go simologa ga temothuo == Kwa bophirima jwa Mokgacha wa Nile, Sahara e e kwa botlhaba e ne e le legae la ditso di le mmalwa [[:en:Neolithic|tsa motlha wa bogologolo]]. Ka [[:en:African_humid_period|nako ya komelelo ya Africa]], se e ne ele lefelo le le nang le dimela tse dintsi, mme palo ya batho ba ba neng ba nna mo Sahara e ne ya oketsega thata ka dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le borobabobedi pele ga ga Keresete. Ba ne ba tshela ka go tsoma le go tshwara ditlhapi mo macheng a lefelo leo,<ref>White, Kevin H.; Bristow, Charlie S.; Armitage, Simon J.; Blench, Roger M.; Drake, Nick A. (11 January 2011). "Ancient watercourses and biogeography of the Sahara explain the peopling of the desert". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (2): 458–462. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108..458D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012231108. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3021035. <nowiki>PMID 21187416</nowiki>.</ref> le ka go kgobokanya [[:en:Cereal|dijo tsa ditlhaka]] tsa kwa sekakeng sa Sahara, tse di neng di le dintsi. Dithoro tse di jaaka [[:en:Brachiaria|brachiaria]], [[:en:Sorghum|sorghum]] le [[:en:Urochloa|urochloa]] e ne e le dijo tsa botlhokwa.<ref>Tafuri, Mary Anne; Bentley, R. Alexander; Manzi, Giorgio; di Lernia, Savino (September 2006). "Mobility and kinship in the prehistoric Sahara: Strontium isotope analysis of Holocene human skeletons from the Acacus Mts. (southwestern Libya)". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 25 (3): 390–402. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2006.01.002. ISSN 0278-4165.</ref> Motlha wa bongola wa Afrika o ne o fela ka iketlo, mme o ne wa fela mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse thataro go ya go di le tlhano tse di fetileng. Bogologolo pele ga nako eo, badisa ba ba neng ba fuduga ba ne ba ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa Afrika , mme gape ba ne ba tla le kwa nokeng ya Nile, koo go neng go na le dilo di le mmalwa fela tse di bontshang gore go ne go na le temothuo pele ga moo. [[:en:Dakhleh_Oasis|Oasis ya Dakhleh]], e ne ele yone e go neng go dirwa dipatlisiso tse di tseneletseng mo go yone botsheng jaana, mme e ne ele bosupi jo bo botlhokwa jwa temothuo ya bogologolo ya Egepeto.<ref name=":0">McDonald, Mary M.A. (2016). "The pattern of Neolithization in Dakhleh Oasis in the Eastern Sahara". Quaternary International. 410. Elsevier BV: 181–197. Bibcode:2016QuInt.410..181M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.100. ISSN 1040-6182.</ref> E ka nna ya tsewa e le e e tshwanang le ya morago ga Pleistocene kwa Bokonebotlhaba jwa Afrika ka kakaretso. Akhleh Oasis e kwa [[:en:Western_Desert_(Egypt)|Sekakeng sa Bophirima (kwa Egepeto)]]. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano (220 mi) go tswa kwa Nokeng ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] magareng ga Oases ya [[:en:Farafra|Farafra]] le [[:en:Kharga|Kharga]]. Kwa Dakhleh, batho ba setso sa Bashendi e ne e le badisa-batho ba ba tsamayang ba batla dijo ka nako ya komelelo ya Afrika. Ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a agilweng ka matlapa, le mo mafelong a a bulegileng a a neng a na le dithota tse di nang le ditlhatsana. Kwa mafelong a mangwe kwa Bophirima jwa Sekaka sa Egepeto, ditlhopha tse di dingwang le tsa Bashendi gape di nnile teng kwa [[:en:Farafra_Oasis|Farafra Oasis]], le [[:en:Nabta_Playa|Nabta Playa]], kwa borwa.<ref name=":0" /> Ba-Bashendi ba ne ba dirisa ditshipi tsa matlapa a motlhaba go sila mabele a naga le mabele a temo.<ref>Graham Chandler (2006), Before the Mummies: The Desert Origins of the Pharaohs. Saudi Aramco World. Volume 57, Number 5</ref> Kwa Farafra Oasis, go ne ga fitlhelwa podi e e neng e le teng ka dingwaga tse di ka nnang dikete di le thataro le lekgolo pele ga keresete (8100 cal BP) kwa motseng wa Hidden Valley. Kwa Nabta Playa, go na le masalela a dinku/dipodi le dikgomo a a simolotseng mo e ka nnang makgolo a thataro pele ga ga keresete (8000 cal BP). Le fa go ntse jalo, dipodi le dikgomo ke tsone fela dilo tsa motlha wa Bogologolo tse di tswang kwa botlhaba jo bo gaufi tse banni ba di- oasis ba neng ba di amogela. Ditiragalo tse dingwe tsa setso, tse di jaaka madirelo a go dira ditena, di simologile mo lefelong leo, kana bobotlana mo teng ga Bokonebotlhaba jwa Afrika.<ref name=":0" /> [[:en:Faiyum_Oasis|Faiyum Oasis]] ya kwa Egepeto le yone e na le bosupi jwa gore go ne go na le temothuo mo e ka nnang ka yone nako eo. Go na le [[:en:Sheep|dinku]], [[:en:Goat|dipodi]], [[:en:Pig|dikolobe]] le [[:en:Cattle|dikgomo]] tse di ruilweng. Dinku tsa kwa lefelong la Qasr El-Sagha di na le dingwaga di le dikete di le tlhano le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano pele ga keresete (7350 cal BP), le dinku, dipodi le dikgomo di na le dingwaga di le dikete le lekgolo le masome a matlhano pele ga Keresete (7150 cal BP).<ref name=":1">Linseele, Veerle; Van Neer, Wim; Thys, Sofie; Phillipps, Rebecca; Cappers, René; Wendrich, Willeke; Holdaway, Simon (2014-10-13). Caramelli, David (ed.). "New Archaeozoological Data from the Fayum "Neolithic" with a Critical Assessment of the Evidence for Early Stock Keeping in Egypt". PLOS ONE. 9 (10) e108517. Public Library of Science (PLoS). Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j8517L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108517. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4195595. <nowiki>PMID 25310283</nowiki>.</ref> Fa e le ka dijalo, [[:en:Emmer_wheat|korong ya emmer]] le [[:en:Barley|barley]] di fitlhelwa kwa Faiyum kwa mafelong a Kom K le Kom W, a a kwadilweng ka ca. 4500-4200 BC.<ref>Wendrich, W.; Taylor, R.E.; Southon, J. (2010). "Dating stratified settlement sites at Kom K and Kom W: Fifth millennium BCE radiocarbon ages for the Fayum Neolithic". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 268 (7–8). Elsevier BV: 999–1002. Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..999W. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.083. ISSN 0168-583X.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Go na le dilo tse dintsi tse di dirilweng ka letsopa mo mafelong a, mme ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa gore go kile ga agiwa dikago tse nnelang ruri. [[:en:Merimde_culture|Setso sa Merimde]] se simolotse mo e ka nnang ka 4800 go ya ko 4300 BC. Batho bano ba ne ba simolola go nna le itsholelo ya temothuo ka botlalo. Gape go dumelwa gore lefelo le le bidiwang [[:en:Merimde_Beni_Salama|Merimde Beni Salama]], le le dikilometara di ka nna 15 go ya kwa bokonebophirima jwa Cairo, ke lone toropo ya ntlha e e neng ya nna teng ka bosakhutleng jwa Egepeto.<ref>William H. Stiebing Jr., Susan N. Helft (2017), Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture. Routledge. p. 76</ref> Setso sa Merimde se ne sa kopana le [[:en:Faiyum_A_culture|setso sa Faiyum A]], le [[:en:Badari_culture|setso sa Badari]] kwa Egepeto e e kwa Godimo, se se neng sa nna gone moragonyana. Tse tsotlhe e ne e le dijalo tsa temothuo. iq8b3yy05v6fy8z1xp4j2fe53ahnaoz 50895 50893 2026-06-18T11:20:51Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50895 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Ancient_Egypt|Motse wa bogologolo wa Egepeto]] o ne o nonotshiwa ke [[:en:Nile_River|Noka ya Nile]] le merwalela ya yone e e tlang ka metlha. Ka jalo, go ikaegile ka Noka ya "Nile"gore e tle e nne le merwalela gangwe le gape. Tsela e noka e e neng e kgona go elela ka yone le mmu wa yone o o nonneng di ne tsa dira gore Baegepeto ba ba tlholegileng koo ba kgone go aga mmusomogolo o o neng o ikaegile ka dikhumo tsa bone tse dikgolo tsa temothuo. Baegepeto ba tsewa ele bangwe ba [[:en:History_of_agriculture|ditlhopha tsa ntlha tsa batho]] ba baneng ba lema ka selekanyo se segolo. Se se ne sa kgonega ka ntlha ya botswerere jwa Baegepeto fa ba ne ba tlhabolola mokgwa wa go nosetsa ka metsi.<ref>Kees,Herman. "Ancient Egypt: A Cultural Topography." Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. Print.</ref> Mekgwa ya bone ya go lema e ne ya ba letla go jala dijalo tsa dijo tsa konokono, segolobogolo dithoro tse di jaaka korong le barele, le dijalo tsa madirelo, tse di jaaka [[:en:Flax|leloba]] le [[:en:Papyrus|papirase]].<ref>Janick, Jules (June 2002). "Ancient Egyptian Agriculture and the Origins of Horticulture". Acta Horticulturae (583): 23–39. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.693.7643. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.582.1.</ref> == Go simologa ga temothuo == Kwa bophirima jwa Mokgacha wa Nile, Sahara e e kwa botlhaba e ne e le legae la ditso di le mmalwa [[:en:Neolithic|tsa motlha wa bogologolo]]. Ka [[:en:African_humid_period|nako ya komelelo ya Africa]], se e ne ele lefelo le le nang le dimela tse dintsi, mme palo ya batho ba ba neng ba nna mo Sahara e ne ya oketsega thata ka dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le borobabobedi pele ga ga Keresete. Ba ne ba tshela ka go tsoma le go tshwara ditlhapi mo macheng a lefelo leo,<ref>White, Kevin H.; Bristow, Charlie S.; Armitage, Simon J.; Blench, Roger M.; Drake, Nick A. (11 January 2011). "Ancient watercourses and biogeography of the Sahara explain the peopling of the desert". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (2): 458–462. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108..458D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012231108. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3021035. <nowiki>PMID 21187416</nowiki>.</ref> le ka go kgobokanya [[:en:Cereal|dijo tsa ditlhaka]] tsa kwa sekakeng sa Sahara, tse di neng di le dintsi. Dithoro tse di jaaka [[:en:Brachiaria|brachiaria]], [[:en:Sorghum|sorghum]] le [[:en:Urochloa|urochloa]] e ne e le dijo tsa botlhokwa.<ref>Tafuri, Mary Anne; Bentley, R. Alexander; Manzi, Giorgio; di Lernia, Savino (September 2006). "Mobility and kinship in the prehistoric Sahara: Strontium isotope analysis of Holocene human skeletons from the Acacus Mts. (southwestern Libya)". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 25 (3): 390–402. doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2006.01.002. ISSN 0278-4165.</ref> Motlha wa bongola wa Afrika o ne o fela ka iketlo, mme o ne wa fela mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse thataro go ya go di le tlhano tse di fetileng. Bogologolo pele ga nako eo, badisa ba ba neng ba fuduga ba ne ba ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa Afrika , mme gape ba ne ba tla le kwa nokeng ya Nile, koo go neng go na le dilo di le mmalwa fela tse di bontshang gore go ne go na le temothuo pele ga moo. [[:en:Dakhleh_Oasis|Oasis ya Dakhleh]], e ne ele yone e go neng go dirwa dipatlisiso tse di tseneletseng mo go yone botsheng jaana, mme e ne ele bosupi jo bo botlhokwa jwa temothuo ya bogologolo ya Egepeto.<ref name=":0">McDonald, Mary M.A. (2016). "The pattern of Neolithization in Dakhleh Oasis in the Eastern Sahara". Quaternary International. 410. Elsevier BV: 181–197. Bibcode:2016QuInt.410..181M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.100. ISSN 1040-6182.</ref> E ka nna ya tsewa e le e e tshwanang le ya morago ga Pleistocene kwa Bokonebotlhaba jwa Afrika ka kakaretso. Akhleh Oasis e kwa [[:en:Western_Desert_(Egypt)|Sekakeng sa Bophirima (kwa Egepeto)]]. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano (220 mi) go tswa kwa Nokeng ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] magareng ga Oases ya [[:en:Farafra|Farafra]] le [[:en:Kharga|Kharga]]. Kwa Dakhleh, batho ba setso sa Bashendi e ne e le badisa-batho ba ba tsamayang ba batla dijo ka nako ya komelelo ya Afrika. Ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a agilweng ka matlapa, le mo mafelong a a bulegileng a a neng a na le dithota tse di nang le ditlhatsana. Kwa mafelong a mangwe kwa Bophirima jwa Sekaka sa Egepeto, ditlhopha tse di dingwang le tsa Bashendi gape di nnile teng kwa [[:en:Farafra_Oasis|Farafra Oasis]], le [[:en:Nabta_Playa|Nabta Playa]], kwa borwa.<ref name=":0" /> Ba-Bashendi ba ne ba dirisa ditshipi tsa matlapa a motlhaba go sila mabele a naga le mabele a temo.<ref>Graham Chandler (2006), Before the Mummies: The Desert Origins of the Pharaohs. Saudi Aramco World. Volume 57, Number 5</ref> Kwa Farafra Oasis, go ne ga fitlhelwa podi e e neng e le teng ka dingwaga tse di ka nnang dikete di le thataro le lekgolo pele ga keresete (8100 cal BP) kwa motseng wa Hidden Valley. Kwa Nabta Playa, go na le masalela a dinku/dipodi le dikgomo a a simolotseng mo e ka nnang makgolo a thataro pele ga ga keresete (8000 cal BP). Le fa go ntse jalo, dipodi le dikgomo ke tsone fela dilo tsa motlha wa Bogologolo tse di tswang kwa botlhaba jo bo gaufi tse banni ba di- oasis ba neng ba di amogela. Ditiragalo tse dingwe tsa setso, tse di jaaka madirelo a go dira ditena, di simologile mo lefelong leo, kana bobotlana mo teng ga Bokonebotlhaba jwa Afrika.<ref name=":0" /> [[:en:Faiyum_Oasis|Faiyum Oasis]] ya kwa Egepeto le yone e na le bosupi jwa gore go ne go na le temothuo mo e ka nnang ka yone nako eo. Go na le [[:en:Sheep|dinku]], [[:en:Goat|dipodi]], [[:en:Pig|dikolobe]] le [[:en:Cattle|dikgomo]] tse di ruilweng. Dinku tsa kwa lefelong la Qasr El-Sagha di na le dingwaga di le dikete di le tlhano le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano pele ga keresete (7350 cal BP), le dinku, dipodi le dikgomo di na le dingwaga di le dikete le lekgolo le masome a matlhano pele ga Keresete (7150 cal BP).<ref name=":1">Linseele, Veerle; Van Neer, Wim; Thys, Sofie; Phillipps, Rebecca; Cappers, René; Wendrich, Willeke; Holdaway, Simon (2014-10-13). Caramelli, David (ed.). "New Archaeozoological Data from the Fayum "Neolithic" with a Critical Assessment of the Evidence for Early Stock Keeping in Egypt". PLOS ONE. 9 (10) e108517. Public Library of Science (PLoS). Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j8517L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108517. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4195595. <nowiki>PMID 25310283</nowiki>.</ref> Fa e le ka dijalo, [[:en:Emmer_wheat|korong ya emmer]] le [[:en:Barley|barley]] di fitlhelwa kwa Faiyum kwa mafelong a Kom K le Kom W, a a kwadilweng ka ca. 4500-4200 BC.<ref>Wendrich, W.; Taylor, R.E.; Southon, J. (2010). "Dating stratified settlement sites at Kom K and Kom W: Fifth millennium BCE radiocarbon ages for the Fayum Neolithic". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 268 (7–8). Elsevier BV: 999–1002. Bibcode:2010NIMPB.268..999W. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.083. ISSN 0168-583X.</ref><ref name=":1" /> Go na le dilo tse dintsi tse di dirilweng ka letsopa mo mafelong a, mme ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa gore go kile ga agiwa dikago tse nnelang ruri. [[:en:Merimde_culture|Setso sa Merimde]] se simolotse mo e ka nnang ka 4800 go ya ko 4300 BC. Batho bano ba ne ba simolola go nna le itsholelo ya temothuo ka botlalo. Gape go dumelwa gore lefelo le le bidiwang [[:en:Merimde_Beni_Salama|Merimde Beni Salama]], le le dikilometara di ka nna 15 go ya kwa bokonebophirima jwa Cairo, ke lone toropo ya ntlha e e neng ya nna teng ka bosakhutleng jwa Egepeto.<ref>William H. Stiebing Jr., Susan N. Helft (2017), Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture. Routledge. p. 76</ref> Setso sa Merimde se ne sa kopana le [[:en:Faiyum_A_culture|setso sa Faiyum A]], le [[:en:Badari_culture|setso sa Badari]] kwa Egepeto e e kwa Godimo, se se neng sa nna gone moragonyana. Tse tsotlhe e ne e le dijalo tsa temothuo. == Metswedi == 21g2kkj426250zpmr8bxt1n20x9th8x 0 13741 50894 2026-06-18T11:17:16Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETSHA LA BISINA 50894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Bisina''', le le itsegeng gape jaaka Letsha la Salisbury le Letsha la Bisinia, ke letsha la metsi a a phepa kwa botlhaba jwa [[Uganda]]. Ke letsha la sathalaete la Letsha la Kyoga, le le elelang mo go lone, mme bobedi jwa tsone di golagantswe ka tlhamalalo ke matamo a papyrus.<ref>Green, J. (2009). "The Kyoga Catchment". In H.J. Dumont (ed.). ''The Nile''. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 205–214. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9725-6|ISBN <bdi>978-1-4020-9725-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Ka nako ya dipula tse di nang thata, Letsha la Bisina le ka nna boteng jwa dimetara di le borataro mme gantsi le golaganya ka tlhamalalo le letsha le lennye la Opeta, mme ka nako ya dipula tse di se nang metsi, tse pedi tseno di kgaogantswe sentle.<ref name=":0">Mbabazi, D. (2009). "Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda". In M.O. Opige; A. Byaruhanga (eds.). ''Ecological baseline surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali wetlands systems''. Kampala, Uganda, Nature Uganda. pp. 75–84.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Bisina#cite_note-Mbabazi2009-7]</ref> == Tshomarelo le tikologo == Letsha la Bisina ke lengwe la mafelo a le masome a mararo le boraro a a botlhokwa a dinonyane kwa [[Uganda]] mme fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la boditšhabatšhaba le le mo lenaaneng la Ramsar.<ref name=":1">Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130107023855/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__ "The Annotated Ramsar List: Uganda".] Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2012</ref> Letsha le le botlhokwa mo ditlhaping, segolo thata tse di tshosediwang tsa haplochromine cichlids jaaka Haplochromis orthostoma,<ref>Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Haplochromis&speciesname=orthostoma "''Haplochromis orthostoma''".] ''FishBase''. September 2019 version.</ref>H. argenteus (go lebega e nyeletse mo lefelong la yone le legolo mo Letsha la Victoria), H. latifasciatus, H. lividus, H. martini (go lebega e nyeletse mo lefelong la yone le legolo mo Letsha la Victoria), H. maxillaris, H. nubilus, H. parvidens, H. <ref name=":0" />phytophagus le mefuta e mengwe e e sa tlhalosiwang.[ 10] Le fa Nile perch e ne ya tsenngwa mo Letsheng la Bisina mo masimologong a sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970), dipatlisiso tsa bosheng ga di a ka tsa lemoga mofuta ono, o o amilweng ke go nyelela ga di-haplochromine cichlids tse dintsi kwa mafelong a mangwe. Mefuta e le mmalwa ya tilapia le yone e ne ya tsenngwa mo Letsheng la Bisina mme e sa ntse e le teng, mmogo le di-tilapia tsa Singida le Victoria. [ Mefuta e mengwe ya ditlhapi e e anameng thata e e fitlhelwang kwa Letsheng la Bisina e akaretsa marble lungfish, le mefuta e e farologaneng ya catfish, African tetras le elephantfish. <ref name=":0" /> Dipatlisiso tsa dimela tsa metsi tsa Letsha la Bisina di kwadile mefuta e le lesome le botlhano ya dimela tsa metsi tsa ditshika mmogo le Chara spp. (mofuta wa bolele jo bo tala jwa disele tse dintsi).<ref name=":2">Gidudu, Brian; Copeland, R. S.; Wanda, F.; Ochaya, H.; Cuda, J. P.; Overholt, W. A. (2011). [https://apms.org/wp-content/uploads/japm-49-01-009.pdf "Distribution, interspecific associations and abundance of aquatic plants in Lake Bisina, Uganda"] (PDF). ''Journal of Aquatic Plant Management''. '''49''': 19–27. Retrieved 2025-12-18.</ref>Patlisiso e e tshwanang e ne ya dira dimmapa tsa dimela tsa metsi go kgabaganya letsha mme ya bega ka dimela tse di amanang le boteng le metsi a a phepa. <ref name=":2" /> Mafelo a a bongola a Letsha la Bisina a thusa dinonyane tse di kgethegileng tsa mafelo a a bongola. Dipatlisiso tsa NatureUganda di lemogile tiro ya tsadisano le botlhokwa jwa tshomarelo ya papyrus le mafelo a a tletseng metsi a a tletseng metsi ka dipaka mo lefelong le le nang le metsi la Bisina. <ref name=":3">[https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download Odull, Michael Opige; Byaruhanga, Achilles (2009). Ecological Baseline Surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali Wetlands Systems (Report)]. NatureUganda (The East Africa Natural History Society). Retrieved 2025-12-18</ref>Pego ya patlisiso e e tsepamisitsweng mo go yone e kwadile gore Fox's Weaver (Ploceus spekeoides) ke mofuta o o nang le mafelo a a lekanyeditsweng thata a a amanang le mafelo a a tletseng metsi ka dipaka kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Uganda]], go akaretsa letsha la Bisina le mafelo a a fa thoko ga letsha.<ref name=":4">[https://natureuganda.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Foxs-Weaver-Survey-Report-2019.pdf Fox’s Weaver Survey Report (2019)] (PDF) (Report). NatureUganda. 2019. p. 2. Retrieved 2025-12-18</ref> Nature Uganda baseline reporting e bontsha kgatelelo go tswa mo go lemeng, go fula, go fetola mafatshe a a bongola le sedimentation jaaka dikotsi tse di botlhokwa mo ditirong tsa mafatshe a a bongola le ditshedi tsa mefutafuta mo tsamaisong ya mafatshe a a bongola a Bisina  ⁇ Opeta. Dipego tse di ikaegileng ka mefuta ya ditshedi di supa gape go latlhegelwa le go fetolwa ga tikologo ya dijalo mo mafelong a a tletseng metsi ka dipaka jaaka matshosetsi a magolo mo dinonyaneng tsa mafelo a a tletseng metsi tse di begilweng mo lefelong le le atolositsweng la letsha la Bisina.<ref name=":5">[https://natureuganda.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Foxs-Weaver-Survey-Report-2019.pdf Fox’s Weaver Survey Report (2019)] (PDF) (Report). NatureUganda. 2019. p. 2. Retrieved 2025-12-18</ref> Letsha la Bisina le dikilometara di le lesome le botlhano kwa bokone jwa toropo ya Kumi le dikilometara di le masome a mabedi kwa botlhaba jwa Soroti. Letsha leno le na le bogolo jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a marataro le bobedi mme le bogodimo jwa dimetara di ka nna sekete le masome a matlhano go tswa mo boalong jwa lewatle.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" />E dikologilwe ke seretse sa papyrus le lebala le le atlhameng la merwalela le le golaganeng le Noka ya Apedura, e e ntshang dikarolo tsa Karamoja go ya kwa letsheng la lewatle.<ref name=":1" /> Letsha leno ga le boteng. Mo go tseyeng disampole mo masimong gare ga kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2008) le ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), boteng kwa mafelong a go tsewang disampole go ne go le magareng ga 0.6 go ya go 5.0 m, ka palogare ya 2.89 m.<ref name=":1" /> == Maemo a Ramsar le a Lefelo le le Botlhokwa la Dinonyane == Letša la Bisina Wetland System le ne la tlhophiwa go nna lefelo la Ramsar ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro(2006). Lefelo la Ramsar le akaretsa diheketara di le 54 229 mme le kwadisitswe mo dikgaolong tsa Kumi, Katakwi le Soroti. <ref>[https://medwet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/RamsarSitesList_22November2024.pdf The List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites)] (PDF) (Report). Ramsar Convention Secretariat. 2024-11-22. p. 50. Retrieved 2025-12-18</ref>Letsha la Bisina le lefelo le le golo la Bisina  ⁇ Opeta le lone le tlhalosiwa jaaka mafelo a a botlhokwa a dinonyane mo tirong ya tshomarelo ya lefelo la Uganda. <ref name=":4" /> == Batho le ditiro tsa bone == Ditšhaba tse di dikologileng thulaganyo ya Bisina-Opeta di ikaegile ka metswedi ya mafatshe a a bongola. Ditiriso tsa selegae tse di kwadilweng mo tirong ya motheo di akaretsa go thaya ditlhapi, go nosetsa leruo, le go roba didiriswa tsa mafatshe a a bongola, mmogo le go atolosa bonno le temo mo mafelong a a bongola a a kwa thoko. <ref name=":5" />Dipegelo tsa motheo gape di golaganya go oketsega ga siltation le go fokotsega ga ditiro tsa go thiba merwalela le kgatelelo ya mmu le ya metsi, go akaretsa go senyega ga metsi a a kwa godimo a a fepang tsamaiso. <ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == 6xt1iaribo8t54y085yb6kxucci2znd 0 13742 50897 2026-06-18T11:37:43Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA LWAJJALI 50897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Lwajjali''' ke noka ya kwa lefatshe la Uganda, mo Afrika Botlhaba. == Lefelo == Noka ya Lwajjali e kwa Bogare jwa Uganda. E simologa mo mogobeng, kwa bophirima jwa motse wa Kisweera, mo Kgaolong ya Mukono, kwa Kgaolong ya Bogare jwa Uganda. E elela kwa bokone-bophirima kwa tshimologong, e bo e retologela kwa bokone mme morago kwa bokone-botlhaba go ya go wela mo Nokeng ya Sezibwa mo Kgaolong ya Kayunga mo molelwaneng wa yone le Kgaolo ya Luweero, kwa botlhaba jwa motse wa Kiziba. Motswedi wa Noka ya Lwajjali o kwa Kisweera, ka di-coordinate: 0°24'50.0"N, 32°45'03.0"E (Latitude:0.413889; Longitude:32.750833).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B024'50.0%22N+32%C2%B045'03.0%22E/@0.4138281,32.7513816,19z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 "Location of the Source of River Lwajjali At Google Maps".] Google Maps. Retrieved 24 January 2015.</ref>Noka ya Lwajjali e tshologela mo Nokaneng ya Sezibwa mo dithoteng tse di kwa bokone jwa Kayunga, mo Kgaolong ya Kayunga, e e nang le di-coordinate:0°51'27.0"N, 32°47'29.0"E (Latitude:0.857500; Longitude:32.791389).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B051'27.0%22N+32%C2%B047'29.0%22E/@0.8579107,32.7912356,18z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0 "Location of the Mouth of River Lwajjali At Google Maps".] Google Maps. Retrieved 24 January 2015</ref> == Tsela == Noka eno e tswa kwa motsweding wa yone mme e elela go ya kwa bokonebophirima mme e kgabaganya Tsela ya Gayaza-Kayunga kwa Nakasajja, kwa e dirang molelwane magareng ga Kgaolo ya Wakiso kwa bophirima le Kgaolo ya Mukono kwa botlhaba. Go tswa foo noka eno e retologela ka iketlo go ela kwa bokone. E tsweletse go sekama ka tsela ya tshupanako, jaanong e dira molelwane magareng ga kgaolo ya Kayunga go ya kwa botlhaba le kgaolo ya Luweero go ya kwa bophirima. Kwa maropeng a a kwa bokone jwa Kayunga, mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (16 mi), bokone jwa toropo, Lwajjali e tshologela mo Nokeng ya Sezibwa, e e tswelelang go ya bokone go tshologela mo Letsha la Kyoga. Kwa motsweding wa yone, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le sekete , le makgolo a mabedi . <ref>Muzaale, Fred (25 May 2010)[http://allafrica.com/stories/201005250071.html . "Uganda: Floods Cut Off Districts".] ''Daily Monitor (Kampala) via AllAfrica.com''. Retrieved 24 January 2015</ref>Fa e tsena mo Nokeng ya Sezibwa, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna sekete le lekgolo le masome a matlhano (1,150) metres (3,770 ft). Boleele jwa Noka ya Lwajjali, e ka nna dikilometara di le masome a marataro le botlhano go tswa kwa motsweding go ya kwa bokhutlong.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kiswera%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Kayonza%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJr8mS3wPJfRcRpcJb6t1aiRg&dt2=ChIJN3Qu2dQPfBcRsABgui1wTxI "Interactive Map Showing Source And Mouth of River Lwajjali With Marker".] Globefeed.com. Retrieved 24 January 2015</ref> == Metswedi == rby93xaqp04gwtvskzk4t8kysjfy7xm