Botswana

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    <title>Botswana</title>
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{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name                = Botswana
| common_name                = Botswana
| native_name                = Lefatshe ja Botswana ([[Setswana]])&lt;br/&gt;Republic of Botswana ([[Sekgoa]])
| image_flag                = Flag of Botswana.svg
| image_coat                = Coat of arms of Botswana.svg
| national_motto                = {{native phrase|tn|Pula|paren=no}}&lt;br /&gt;
| national_anthem                = {{native phrase|tn|[[Fatshe leno la rona]]|paren=no}}&lt;br /&gt;{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Fatshe leno la rona.ogg]]}}
| image_map                = {{Switcher|[[File: Botswana (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Botswana AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}}
| map_caption                = 
| capital                = [[Gaborone]]
| coordinates                = {{Coord|24|39.5|S|25|54.5|E|type:city|display=inline}}
| largest_city                = capital
| official_languages                = [[Sekgoa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;gov.bw languages&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Our Country |url=https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Gov.bw |quote=Botswana has a number of tribes across the country, collectively known as Batswana. The official language is English and Setswana is the national language, although there are other spoken languages.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages_type                = Diteme Bosetšhaba
| languages                = [[Setswana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;gov.bw languages&quot; /&gt;
| ethnic_groups                = {{Unbulleted list|79% [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] |9% [[Batho ba letso la Kalanga|Kalanga]] |3% [[Basarwa|Barwa]] |9% Ba bangwe {{small|(go akaretsa [[Kgalagadi language|Bakgalagadi]], [[Indians in Botswana|Makula]], le [[White people in Botswana|Makgoa]])}}}}
| ethnic_groups_year                = 2012
| religion                = {{Unbulleted list|73%
 [[Christianity in Botswana|Sekerêsete]] |—66% [[Protestantism]] |—7% Other [[Christian]] |20% [[Irreligion in Botswana|Basenatumelo]] |6% [[African traditional religion|Traditional faiths]] |1% Tsê dingwe{{efn|Including [[Baháʼí Faith in Botswana|Baháʼí]], [[Hinduism in Botswana|Hindu]], and [[Islam in Botswana|Seinêêdi]].&lt;ref name=pew/&gt;}}}}
| demonym                = {{Unbulleted list|Batswana |Motswana }}
| government_type                = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[List of countries by system of government#Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=17 December 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Selolwane |first1=Onalenna |title=Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance |journal=African Sociological Review |date=2002 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=68–90 |doi=10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203 |jstor=24487673 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1                = [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]]
| leader_name1                = [[Duma Boko]]
| leader_title2                = [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa Tautona]]
| leader_name2                = [[Ndaba Gaolathe]]
| leader_title3                = [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]]
| leader_name3                = [[Dithapelo Keorapetse]]
| legislature                = [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Khudutlhamaga]]
| sovereignty_type                = Boipuso
| sovereignty_note                = go tswa [[Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng]]
| established_event1                = Established ([[Molaomotheo wa Botswana|Molaomotheo]])
| established_date1                = 30 Lwêtse 1966
| area_km2                = 581,730
| area_rank                = 47th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_sq_mi                = 224,610 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| area_footnote                = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|url = http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf | publisher = United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization | website = fao.org | title = Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana | page = 9 | date = 2015 | quote = Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- 58,173,000 hectares is 581,730 km2 --&gt;
| percent_water                = 2.7
| population_estimate                = {{UN_Population|Botswana}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census                = 2,346,179&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Statistics Botswana |date=May 2022 |title=2022 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS PRELIMINARY RESULTS V2 |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/census_documents/2022%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Preliminary%20Results.pdf |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=Statistics Botswana}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year                = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank                = 145th
| population_census_year                = 2022
| population_density_km2                = 4.1
| population_density_sq_mi                = 10.62
| population_density_rank                = 231st
| GDP_PPP                = $43.474 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2021gdp&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2021/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&amp;ey=2019&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=67&amp;pr1.y=3&amp;c=616&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year                = 2022
| GDP_PPP_rank                = 120
| GDP_PPP_per_capita                = $19,287&lt;ref name=imf2021gdp/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank                = 99
| GDP_nominal                = $16.948 billion&lt;ref name=imf2021gdp/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year                = 2022
| GDP_nominal_rank                = 120
| GDP_nominal_per_capita                = $7,519&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2019gdp&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&amp;ey=2019&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=67&amp;pr1.y=3&amp;c=616&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank                = 101
| Gini                = 53.3
| Gini_year                = 2015
| Gini_change                = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;WBgini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |access-date= 20 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213083923/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |archive-date= 13 December 2017 |url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank                = 
| HDI                = 0.735&lt;!--number only, between 0 and 1--&gt;
| HDI_year                = 2019&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change                = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank                = 100th
| currency                = [[Botswana pula|Pula]]
| currency_code                = BWP
| time_zone                = [[Central Africa Time]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|last=Chapter: 01:04|title=Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))|date=20 July 1984|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| utc_offset                = +2
| utc_offset_DST                = 
| time_zone_DST                = 
| date_format                = yyyy-mm-dd&lt;br /&gt;dd/mm/yyyy&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
| drives_on                = left
| calling_code                = [[+267]]
| cctld                = [[.bw]]
| official_website                = [http://www.gov.bw/ http://www.gov.bw/]
| footnote_a                = 
}}

Lefatshe la '''Botswana''' le kwa borwa jwa [[Aforika]], ke lefatshe le le dikaganyeditsweng ke a mangwe, ka jalo ga le a bapa le lewatle. Botswana e sephaphathi go ya ka lefatshe, ka bokana ka 70% ya kgaolo ya yone e le karolo ya [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Pele ga le tsaya boipusô ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhôla malatsi ale masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966 ko go ''Enyelane,'' le ne le bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]]. Lefatshe la Botswana le dikaganyeditswe ke la [[Aforika Borwa]] kwa borwa-botlhaba go fitlha kwa borwa-bophirima, [[Namibia]] kwa bophirima, [[Zambia]] kwa bokône le [[Zimbabwe]] kwa bokône-botlhaba. Ka palo ya batho e sa fetang didikadike di le 2.4 go sekae,e bile le ka lekanngwa le lefatshe le Fora ka bophara, Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a a  nang le batho ba le mmalwa thata mo lefatsheng.Ke puso-setšhaba ya batho ba Batswana, ba ba bopang mo e ka nnang 80% ya baagi. Lefatshe lê lê bidiwa Botswana, le rêêlelwa ka banni ba bantsi ba lône eleng Batswana ka letsô.

Setlhopha sa morafe wa BaTswana se tswa thata mo [[bathong ba ba buang Se-Bantu]] ba ba neng [[ba fudugela kwa borwa jwa Aforika]], go akaretsa le Botswana wa segompieno, ka makhubu a le mmalwa pele ga [[AD]] 600. Ka 1885, [[Maesemane]] a ne a dira lefelo leno kolone mme a itsise gore ke lefelo le le sirelediwang le le bidiwang [[Bechuanaland]]. Jaaka karolo ya [[go tlosa bokolone mo Aforika]], Bechuanaland e ne ya nna [[rephaboliki e e ikemetseng ya Mafatshe a Selekane]] ka fa tlase ga leina la yone la ga jaana ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ka 1966. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, e nnile [[rephaboliki ya palamente]] e e nang le rekoto e e tlhomameng ya [[Ditlhopho mo Botswana|ditlhopho]] tsa batho ka batho tse di sa kgaotseng, le fa e ne di sekametse ka fa go [[Botswana Democratic Party]] go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|2024]]. E sale ka 2024, Botswana ke lone lefatshe le tshenyetso setshaba e leng kwa tlase mo go lone mo nagengkgolo ya Aforika go ya ka [[Corruptions Perceptions Index]] e e gatisitsweng ke [[Transparency International]].

Itsholelo ya Botswana ka kakaretso e itemogetse kgolo e e tsepameng fa e sale e tsaya boipuso. E laolwa ke [[Bojanala jwa lefatshe la Botswana|bojanala]] le [[meepo]]; Lefatshe la Botswana le ntsha diteemane tse dintsi go gaisa mafatshe ape fela. [[Letseno lotlhe lwa yone lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo]] ([[tekatekano ya maatla a go reka]]) lo lo ka nnang $20,158 go tloga ka 2024 (ka diphopholetso dingwe ke lwa bone ka bogolo mo Aforika) lo naya lefatshe leno [[maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo]] le [[Human Development Index]] ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya kontinente ya [[Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]], morago ga Aforika Borwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Botswana o tsweletse ka go lwantshana le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa letlhoko la ditiro. Lefatshe la Botswana ke leloko la  Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Development Community, Mafatshe a Selekane le Lekgotla la Ditshaba.

Pina ya setshaba ya Botswana ke [[fatshe leno la rona|fatshe lêno la rona]], ê e tlhamilwêng ke [[Rre K T Motsete]]. Madi a a dirisiwang kwa Botswana ke [[Pula]].

Botswana ke lefatshe lê lê farologanyeng le mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika. Morago ga pusô ya Enyelane, Botswana o ne a tsaya boipusô ka di-30 tsa Lwetse 1966. Morago ga boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne la dirisanya mmôgô le pusô ya Enyelane go itlhabolola. Babusi ba Botswana ka nakô êo ba ne ba leka ka bojotlhê go ntsha Botswana mo tlalêng. Tomokoraga e nê ya busa lefatshe jêno e êtêlêtswe pele ke Serêtsê Khama, tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana.

Gompiêno Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a tlhabologang ka bofêfo mô lefatshing ka bophara. Ntswa mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika a tshwênngwa ke tlala le tsê dingwe jaaka dintwa le tsiêtsôsetshaba, Botswana e sa e kgôna go fênya mmaba mô e bileng e bilêng sekai mo Aforika.

== Tlhamo ya lefoko ==
Leina la lefatshe le le kaya &quot;Lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Motswana]]&quot;, go kaya morafe o o leng montsi mo Botswana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230221181327/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2025 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20251117191406/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2007.zip Archived 2007 edition].)&lt;/ref&gt; Molaomotheo wa Botswana o amogela puso ya Tswana e e tshwanang.&lt;ref&gt;Monaka, Kemmonye Collete; Chebanne, Anderson Monthusi (2019). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26907070 &quot;Setswana and the Building of a Nation State&quot;]. ''Anthropological Linguistics''. '''61''' (1): 75–93. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 26907070. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Leina la [[demonym]] la ''Batswana'' le ne le dirisiwa mo Batswaneng kwa tshimologong,&lt;ref&gt;Bolaane, Maitseo; Mgadla, Part Themba (1997). ''[[iarchive:batswana00bola|Batswana]]''. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 9780823920082.&lt;/ref&gt; mme gape le simolotse go dirisiwa ka kakaretso jaaka lereo la baagi botlhe ba Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;[http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/ &quot;Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa&quot;]. Voices of Africa. 17 August 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180106231817/http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/ Archived] from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Setswana, ''Batswana'' ka thutapuo ke bontsi; sebopego sa yone sa bongwe, se se ka rayang leloko le le lengwe la Motswana kgotsa moagi a le mongwe fela wa Botswana, ke ''Motswana''.

== Ditso ==

=== Pele ga ditso ===
Go fopholediwa gore di-hominid di ne di nna mo Botswana ka nako ya [[Pleistocene]].&lt;ref&gt;Pickford, Martin; Mein, Pierre; Senut, Brigitte (1 April 1994). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00382353_5386 &quot;Fossiliferous Neogene karst fillings in Angola, Botswana and Namibia&quot;]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''90''' (4): 227–230. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA00382353_5386|10520/AJA00382353_5386]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240417201733/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00382353_5386 Archived] from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Didiriswa tsa matlapa le masalela a diphologolo di supa gore mafelo otlhe a lefatshe a ne a agilwe bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Mgadla, Part Themba (2008). ''Historical dictionary of Botswana''. Historical dictionaries of Africa (4th ed.). Lanham (Md.): the Scarecrow press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8108-5467-3.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Two Rhino.jpg|left|thumb|215x215px|Setshwantsho sa 'Ditshukudu Tse Pedi' kwa [[Tsodilo]], [[lefelo la UNESCO la ditso]]]]
Go ne go bolelwa fa e le lefelo la botsalo jwa batho botlhe ba segompieno go tswa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng.&lt;ref&gt;Chan, Eva KF; [[:en:Axel_Timmermann|Timmermann, Axel]]; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 October 2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1 &quot;Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations&quot;]. ''Nature''. '''575''' (7781). Nature Research: 185–189. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..185C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 31659339&lt;/nowiki&gt;. S2CID 204946938. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50210701 &quot;Origin of modern humans 'traced to Botswana'&quot;]. [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 28 October 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240415020902/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50210701 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/29/ancestral-homeland-of-modern-humans-in-botswana-study-finds &quot;Ancestral homeland of modern humans in Botswana, study finds&quot;]. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Bosupi jo bo tlogetsweng ke batho ba segompieno, jaaka ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng, bo na le dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le boraro.&lt;ref&gt;Staurset, S.; Coulson, S. (2014). &quot;Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Human Evolution''. '''75''': 153–165. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JHumE..75..153S 2014JHumE..75..153S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006|10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24953669 24953669].&lt;/ref&gt; Baagi ba ntlha ba ba itsegeng ba borwa jwa Aforika go akanngwa gore e ne e le bagolwagolwane ba batho ba gompieno ba [[San]] (&quot;Bushmen&quot;) le ba [[Khoi]]. Ditlhopha tseno ka bobedi di bua [[dipuo tsa click]] go tswa mo malwapeng a mannye a dipuo tsa [[Khoe-Kwadi]], [[Kx’a]] le [[Tuu]] tse maloko a tsone a neng a tsoma, a phutha le go gweba mo dikgaolong tse di telele. Fa dikgomo di ne di tsenngwa la ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse padi tse di fetileng, bodisa bo ne jwa nna karolo e kgolo ya itsholelo ka kgaolo e ne e na le mabala a magolo a bojang a a senang [[dintsi tsa tsetse]].&lt;ref&gt;Wilmsen, Edwin N. (1992). ''Land filled with flies: a political economy of the Kalahari'' (2nd pr ed.). Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. pp. 71–5. ISBN 978-0-226-90015-5.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Domboshaba stone wall 3.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Lebota la matlapa la Domboshaba la boraro]]
[[Setshwantsho:The plate that was used in the past at Domboshaba monument.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Sejana se se neng se dirisiwa mo nakong e e fetileng kwa sefikantsweng sa Domboshaba. Dijana tse di ne di dirilwe ka maje.]]
Ga go tlhaloganyesege gore [[batho ba ba buang Se-Bantu]] ba ne ba fudugela leng la ntlha mo nageng go tswa kwa bokone, le fa AD 600 e lebega e le phopholetso ya tumalano. Mo motlheng oo, bagolwagolwane ba Kalanga ya segompieno ba ne ba fudugela kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe. Ba-proto-Kalanga bano ba ne ba golagantswe thata le dinaga kwa Zimbabwe gammogo le kgaolo ya Mapungubwe. Masalela a le mangwe a a tlhomologileng a paka e ke marope a [[Domboshaba]], lefelo la setso le boswa mo Botswana le le neng la nna mo go lone kwa tshimologong go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa paka e Kgolo ya Zimbabwe (1250–1450), ka mabota a matlapa a a nang le bogodimo jo bo magareng jwa dimitara di le 1.8. Lefelo le ke lefelo le le tlotliwang ke batho ba ba nnang mo kgaolong eo, mme go dumelwa fa kgosi e ne e nna kwa godimo ga thaba le bathusi kgotsa bathusi ba gagwe. Mafelo ano, a a leng kwa ntle ga melelwane ya Botswana ya ga jaana, go lebega a ne a na le metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo—go lebega e le ka dipalo tse di atamelang kitlano ya dikgomo tsa segompieno—mo lefelong le jaanong e leng Kgaolo ya Legare.&lt;ref&gt;Denbow, James (1986). &quot;A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari&quot;. ''The Journal of African History''. '''27''' (1): 15. doi:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700029170|10.1017/S0021853700029170]]. JSTOR 181334. S2CID 163079138&lt;/ref&gt; Moago ono o mogolo wa go rua dikgomo o ne wa atlega go fitlha ka 1300 mme go lebega o ne wa boela morago morago ga go phutlhama ga Mapungubwe. Mo pakeng eo, ditlhopha tsa ntlha tse di buang Setswana, [[Bakgalagadi]], di ne tsa fudugela kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa borwa jwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|Kalahari]]. Batho ba ba farologaneng bao ba ne ba golagantswe le ditsela tsa kgwebo tse di neng di feta ka [[Noka ya Limpopo]] go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. Dithoto tsa kgwebo go tswa kwa Asia jaaka dibaga di ne tsa tsena mo Botswana, go ka direga thata gore di ne di ananngwa ka lenaka la tlou, gauta le [[lenaka la tshukudu]].&lt;ref&gt;Denbow, James; Klehm, Carla; Dussubieux, Laure (April 2015). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/glass-beads-of-kaitshaa-and-early-indian-ocean-trade-into-the-far-interior-of-southern-africa/9BB659F4DA38A560EF64C4E8E3F49AFA &quot;The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far hinterland of southern Africa&quot;]. ''Antiquity''. '''89''' (344): 361–377. doi:10.15184/aqy.2014.50. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 161212483. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved  13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Matlha a radio-carbon a bonno jwa [[Thaba ya Toutswemogala]] Iron Age a simolola ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa bo lesome le boferabongwe, se se supang gore go ne go nniwa mo go one dingwaga di feta sekete.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1340/ &quot;Toutswemogala Hill Iron Age Settlement&quot;]. [[:en:UNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre|UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Thaba e ne e le karolo ya go tlhamiwa ga mafatshe a ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika, ka dikgomo jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa itsholelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Bonno jwa Toutswe bo akaretsa bodilo jwa matlo, dithotobolo tse dikgolo tsa boloko jwa kgomo jo bo dirilweng ka galase, le diphitlho fa sebopego se se kokomogileng e le lobota lwa matlapa.&lt;ref&gt;Dichaba, Tsholofelo Sele (2009). [https://repository.rice.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/9b50f2c1-a371-4c9b-9baa-0f80c353ecbf/content &quot;From Monuments to Cultural Landscapes&quot;]. ''Rethinking Heritage Management in Botswana''. [[:en:Rice_University|Rice University]]: 42.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1000 AD, batho ba Toutswe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.eskom.co.za/eia/tx/wp-content/uploads/migrated/MahikengIsang/DEIR-Appendicies/Ann-G-Specialist-Reports-2/G_5a.%20AIA%20Botswana%20Component.pdf Archaeological impact assessment for the Bosa transmission line project from Theisang substation to the Tlokweng border post in the South Eastern and Kgatleng districts of Botswana] (PDF). ''[[:en:Eskom|Eskom]].com'' (Report). Lentswe Archaeological Consultants. 2017. p. 10.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le fa go ntse jalo, temothuo le yone e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo botshelong jo boleele jwa tiro e e atolositsweng ya Toutswemogala Hill, ka ge dibopego tse dintsi tsa polokelo ya dijo le tsone di fitlhetswe mo lefelong leo. Dikarolo tse dintsi tse di farologaneng tsa bodilo jwa matlo di ile tsa bontsha gape go nna ga batho foo makgolokgolo a dingwaga. Go goroga ga bagolwagolwane ba babui ba Setswana ba ba neng ba tla go laola kgaolo go santse go tshwanetse ga bewa letlha ka tlhomamo. Maloko a [[Bakwena]], bogosi ka fa tlase ga moeteledipele yo o bidiwang Kgabo II, ba ne ba dira tsela ya bone go tsena mo Kalahari e e kwa borwa ka AD 1500 moragonyana, mme batho ba gagwe ba ne ba lelekela baagi ba Bakgalagadi kwa bophirima go tsena mo sekakeng. Fa dingwaga di ntse di feta, makala a le mmalwa a [[Bakwena]] a ne a fudugela kwa mafelong a a mabapi. [[Bangwaketse]] ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a kwa bophirima, fa [[Bangwato]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa bokone botlhaba kwa mafelong a pele a Kalanga.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:David_Magang|Magang, David]] (2008). ''The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang''. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 10–14. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.&lt;/ref&gt; E se kgale morago ga moo, lekala la Bangwato le le neng le itsege jaaka Batawana le ne la fudugela kwa [[Okavango|Okavango Delta]], gongwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1790.&lt;ref&gt;Tlou, T. (1974). &quot;The Nature of Batswana States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Batawana Case&quot;. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''6''': 57–75. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40959210 40959210].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mfecane le Dintwa tsa Batswana le Maburu ===
[[Setshwantsho:Kapstaaten 1905.png|left|thumb|213x213px|Mmepe wa Jeremane wa Aforika Borwa wa 1905, o o bontshang lefelo le le sa ntseng le sa kgaoganngwa la [[Bechuanaland]].]]
Dikwalo tsa ntlha tse di amanang le Botswana wa segompieno di tlhagelela ka ngwaga wa 1824. Dikwalo tse di supa fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba fetogile mmuso o o renang mo kgaolong eo. Ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Makaba II, Bangwaketse ba ne ba rua metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo mo mafelong a sekaka a a sireleditsweng sentle, mme ba dirisa bokgoni jwa bone jwa sesole go tlhasela baagisani ba bone.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Fred. [https://www.academia.edu/11134264 &quot;The Rise of a Raiding State: Makaba II's Ngwaketse, 1780–1824&quot;]. pp. 5–9. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200816031919/https://www.academia.edu/11134264/The_Rise_of_a_Raiding_State_Makaba_IIs_Ngwaketse_1780_1824 Archived] from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako e, dikgosi tse dingwe mo lefelong leo di ne di na le diroto di le dikete tse lesome kgotsa go feta mme di ne di atlegile thata.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, B. (1993). &quot;Pre-1904 Population Estimates of the Tswana&quot;. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''25''': 89–99. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979984 40979984].&lt;/ref&gt; Tekatekano eno e ne ya tla kwa bokhutlong ka nako ya [[Mfecane]] (1823–1843) fa tatelano ya batho ba ba tlhaselang go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e tsena mo lefatsheng. Le fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba kgona go fenya [[Bakololo]] ba ba neng ba tlhasetse ka ngwaga wa 1826, fa nako e ntse e tsamaya dikgosi tsotlhe tse dikgolo mo Botswana tsa tlhaselwa, tsa koafadiwa le go humanega. Bakololo le [[AmaNdebele]] ba ne ba tlhasela gangwe le gape mme ba tsaya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dikgomo, basadi le bana go tswa mo Batswaneng – bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba kgweelediwa kwa sekakeng kgotsa kwa mafelong a botshabelo jaaka ditlhoa tsa dithaba le magaga. Ke fela morago ga 1843, fa Ba-Amandebele ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima jwa Zimbabwe, fa matshosetsi ano a ne a kokobela.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry (14 January 2009). &quot;The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582479708671276|10.1080/02582479708671276]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Sechele Gustav Fritsch 1865.jpg|thumb|214x214px|[[Setshele I|Sechele I]], yo o neng a eteletse pele Mokgatlho wa Merafe ya Batswana  kgatlhanong le [[Maburu]] ka 1852]]
Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840 le bo 1850, kgwebisano le bagwebi ba ba neng ba le kwa [[Cape Colony]] e ne ya bulega mme ya kgontsha magosi a [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] go aga sesha. [[Bakwena]], Bangwaketse, Bangwato le Batawana ba ne ba dirisana mmogo go laola kgwebo ya lonaka lwa tlou e e neng e dira madi a mantsi mme ba dirisa madi ao go reka dipitse le ditlhobolo kwa ntle, mme seo se ne sa dira gore ba kgone go tlhoma taolo mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Botswana. Thulaganyo e e ne e weditswe ka bontsi ka 1880, mme ka jalo Batswana ba ne ba fenya Basarwa, Kalanga, Bakgalagadi le batho ba bangwe ba ba kwa tlase ba ga jaana.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry (1997). &quot;The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582479708671276|10.1080/02582479708671276]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Morago ga [[Loeto lo logolo]], [[MaAfrikanere]] go tswa kwa Koloning ya Kapa ba ne ba itlhoma mo melelwaneng ya Botswana kwa [[Teransefala]]. Ka 1852, kopano ya dikgosi tsa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Setshele I|Sechele I]] e ne ya fenya ditlhaselo tsa Maaforika kwa [[Ntwa ya Dimawe|Ntweng ya Dimawe]] mme, morago ga dingwaga di ka nna robedi tsa dikgotlhang le dintwa tse di neng di kgaotsa, kwa bofelong ba ne ba fitlhelela tumalano ya kagiso kwa [[Potchefstroom]] ka 1860. Go tloga ka nako eo, molelwane wa Botswana le wa Aforika Borwa wa gompieno o ne wa dumalanwa, mme maAfrikanere le Batswana ba ne ba gweba le go dira mmogo ka kagiso.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:David_Magang|Magang, David]] (2008). ''The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang''. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 28–38. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, J. (1991). &quot;The Botswana-Boer War of 1852–53: How the Batswana Achieved Victory&quot;. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''23''': 193–208. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980851 40980851].&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 1884, Batawana, mophato wa dipitse wa lotso lwa BaTswana o o neng o le kwa bokone o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Kgosi Moremi, o ne wa lwa le go fenya tlhaselo ya MaNdebele kwa bokone jwa Botswana kwa [[Ntwa ya Khutiyabasadi|Ntweng ya Khutiyabasadi]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go phutlhama ga Bogosi jwa Ndebele kwa Zimbabwe, mme bo ne jwa thusa bolaodi jo bo buang Setswana.&lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, Jeff. [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=72905&amp;dir=2017/november/06 &quot;The Guns of Khutiyabasadi (II)&quot;]. ''[[:en:Mmegi|Mmegi]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124091704/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=72905&amp;dir=2017/november/06 Archived] from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ntlha ya maemo a masha a kagiso, kgwebo e ne ya atlega fa gare ga 1860 le 1880. [[Barongwa]] ba Bakeresete ba ne ba kgona go dirisa seo thata. [[Balutere]] le [[Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London]] ka bobedi ba ne ba tlhongwa mo lefatsheng ka 1856. Ka 1880, motse mongwe le mongwe o mogolo o ne o na le morongwa yo o nnang mo go one, mme tlhotlheletso ya bone e ne ya gola ka iketlo. [[Khama III]], yo o neng a busa go tloga ka 1875 go fitlha ka 1923, e ne e le wa ntlha mo dikgosing tsa Batswana go dira Bokeresete bodumedi jwa puso, mme molao o mogolo wa setso sa Batswana o ne wa fetoga ka ntlha ya seo. Bokeresete bo ne jwa nna bodumedi jwa semmuso mo dikgosing tsotlhe ka [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha]].&lt;ref&gt;Landau, Paul Stuart (1995). ''The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in the Southern African Kingdom''. Portsmouth (N.H.) London Cape Town (South Africa): James Currey. ISBN 0-435-08963-3.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bokolone ===
[[Setshwantsho:Dikgosis on the 3 dikgosi monument.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Dikgosi tsa Bechuanaland kwa Lontone. Ka fa molemeng: w:[[Kgosi Sebele I|Sebele I]]; Bogare: w:[[Bathoen I]]; Ka fa mojeng: w:[[Khama III]].]]
[[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Setempe sa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.]]
Ka nako ya [[Go Kgaratlhela Aforika]], [[Mmusomogolo wa Jeremane]] le Borithane ka bobedi di ne di eletsa kgaolo ya Botswana. Ka nako ya [[Bokopano jwa kwa Berlin]], Borithane e ne ya swetsa go tsenya Botswana go sireletsa Tsela e e yang kwa Bokone mme ka jalo e golaganye Koloni ya Kapa le mafelo a yona a a kwa bokone go ya pele. E ne ya gapa dikgaolo tsa Tswana ka letlhakore le le lengwe ka Firikgong 1885 mme morago ga moo ya romela [[Warren Expedition]] kwa bokone go tiisa taolo mo kgaolong le go tlhatswa dikgosi pelo go amogela taolo ya Borithane. Le fa ba ne ba belaela, ba ne ba feleletsa ba dumalana le ''fait accompli'' e.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. [https://www.academia.edu/15645705 &quot;The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966&quot;]. pp. 4–7. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006).&quot; (from T.E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 1890, mafelo a a kwa bokone jwa didikirii di le masome mabedi le bobedi a ne a okediwa mo Tshireletsong e ntšhwa ya Bechuanaland. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1890, kgaolo e ntsha e ne ya kgaoganngwa ka dipolokelo tse robedi tse di farologaneng, ka lefatshe le lennye le le lekaneng le le neng la tlogelwa jaaka lefatshe le le gololesegileng la baagi ba basweu. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go neela Bechuanaland Protectorate go [[Kompone ya Borithane ya Aforika Borwa]]. Leano le, le le neng le le mo tseleng ya go ungwa le fa baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba kopa ba ba neng ba etela Enyelane go ipelaetsa, le ne la feleletsa le sentswe ke go palelwa ga [[Jameson Raid]] ka Firikgong 1896.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. [https://www.academia.edu/15645705 &quot;The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966&quot;]. pp. 7–11. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211028165308/https://www.academia.edu/15645705 Archived] from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Parsons, Neil (3 February 1998). ''King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes''. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64745-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa [[Kopano ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne e tlhamiwa go tswa mo dikoloning tse dikgolo tsa Borithane mo kgaolong e ka 1910, Dikgaolo tsa Khomišene e e Kwa Godimo—Bechuanaland Protectorate, [[Basutoland]] (e jaanong e bidiwang [[Lesotho]]) le [[Swaziland]] (e jaanong e leng [[Eswatini]])—di ne di sa akarediwe, mme go ne ga dirwa thulaganyo ya gore moragonyana di akarediwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, UK e ne ya simolola go buisana le baagi ba yone gore ba eletsa eng. Le fa dipuso tse di latelanang tsa Aforika Borwa di ne di batla gore mafelo ao a fetisediwe kwa taolong ya tsone, UK e ne ya nna ya diega; ka ntlha ya moo, ga e ise e ko e direge. Go tlhophiwa ga puso [[ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 1948, e e neng ya tlhoma [[tlhaolele]], le go ikgogela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo [[Mafatsheng a Selekane]] ka 1961, e ne ya fedisa tsholofelo nngwe le nngwe ya gore UK kgotsa dikgaolo tseo di dumalane go tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;Hayes, Frank (1980). &quot;South Africa's Departure from the Commonwealth, 1960–1961&quot;. ''The International History Review''. '''2''' (3): 453–484. doi:[[doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222|10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222]]. ISSN 0707-5332. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105085 40105085].&lt;/ref&gt;

Katoloso ya bolaodi jwa bogareng jwa Borithane le go fetoga ga puso ya lefatshe go ne ga felela ka gore ka 1920 go tlhomiwe makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go emela Maaforika le Bayuropa ka bobedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603024427/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm &quot;Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945–1966)&quot;]. ''eisa.org''. Archived from [http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm the original] on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Lekgotla la Aforika le ne le na le ditlhogo di le robedi tsa merafe ya Batswana le maloko mangwe a a tlhophilweng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dikgoeletso ka 1934 di ne di laola puso le dithata tsa merafe. Lekgotla la bagakolodi la Yuropa le Aforika le ne la tlhamiwa ka 1951, mme molaomotheo wa 1961 o ne wa tlhoma lekgotla la peomolao la ditherisano.&lt;ref&gt;[https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/botswana.html &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240602105543/https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/botswana.html Archived] from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boipuso ===
[[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence Talks, 1965 - 2.png|thumb|220x220px|[[Seretse Khama]] (''ka fa mojeng'') le [[Quett Masire]] (''ka fa molemeng'') kwa dipuisanong tsa boipuso kwa Lontone, ka 1965]]
Ka Seetebosigo 1964, United Kingdom e ne ya amogela dikakanyetso tsa gore go nne le puso ya ya batho ka batho mo Botswana. Bokopano jwa boipuso bo ne jwa tshwarelwa kwa Lontone ka Tlhakole 1966.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA1T4XABSD8UKW27D8CE76D4K2H-UK-BECHUANALAND-INDEPENDENCE-CONFERENCE-OPENS-IN-LONDON/query/Bechuanaland &quot;U.K.: Bechuanaland independence conference opens in London 1966&quot;]. ''British Pathé historical collection''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175143/https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/143349/ Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setilo sa puso se ne sa fudusiwa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tswa kwa [[Mahikeng]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]], go ya kwa [[Gaborone]] e e neng e sa tswang go tlhongwa, e e neng e le gaufi le molelwane wa Botswana le Aforika Borwa. Go ikaegilwe ka molaomotheo wa 1965, lefatshe le ne la tshwara ditlhopho tsa lone tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso ka fa tlase ga tshwanelo ya botlhe ya go tlhopha mme la bona boipuso ka Lwetse a le malatsi a masome mararo 1966.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm &quot;Fireworks at Midnight&quot;]. ''Britishempire.co.uk''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161103054412/http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm Archived] from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], moeteledipele mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso,&lt;ref&gt;Rotberg, Robert I. (3 March 2023). &quot;Botswana: Africa's Democratic Exception&quot;. ''[https://academic.oup.com/book/45388/chapter/389337356 Overcoming the Oppressors]''. Oxford University PressNew York. pp. 192–231. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008|10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008]]. ISBN 978-0-19-767420-8.&lt;/ref&gt; o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa ntlha, mme morago ga moo a tlhophiwa gape gabedi.&lt;ref&gt;Zuber, David (4 April 2022). [https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/seretse-khama-1921-1980/ &quot;Seretse Khama (1921–1980) •&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240606131806/https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/seretse-khama-1921-1980/ Archived] from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Khama o ne a tlhokafala mo maemong a gagwe ka 1980. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go mothusatautona wa nako eo, [[Quett Masire]], yo o neng a tlhophiwa ka boene ka 1984 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 1989 le 1994. Masire o ne a tlogela tiro ka 1998. O ne a tlhatlhangwa ke [[Festus Mogae]], yo o neng a thophiwa ka 1999 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 2004. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ka 2008 (morwa tautona wa ntlha), yo o neng a ntse a direla jaaka mothusa tautona wa ga Mogae fa e sale a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna Molaodi wa [[Sesole sa Botswana]] ka 1998 go tsaya karolo e ya setšhaba. Ka Moranang a rogwa 2018, [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi]] o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana, a tlhatlhama Ian Khama.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376 &quot;Botswana country profile&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 3 April 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210307103607/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376 Archived] from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Kganetsano e e neng e ntse e le teng ka nako e telele ka ga molelwane o o kwa bokone le [[Caprivi Strip]] ya [[Namibia]] e ne ya nna setlhogo sa katlholo ya [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Bosiamisi]] ka Sedimonthole 1999. E ne ya atlhola gore [[Setlhaketlhake sa Sedudu|Setlhaketlhake sa Kasikili]] ke sa Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112332/http://www.southern-eagle.com/namibia/namgeninfo.html &quot;Namibia General Information&quot;]. Southern-eagle.com. 21 March 1990. Archived from [http://www.southern-eagle.com/namibia/namgeninfo.html the original] on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la busa lefatshe kwantle ga go kgaotsa go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa 1965 go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024]], tse di neng tsa fenngwa ke [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]].&lt;ref&gt;Muia, Wycliffe; Zane, Damian (1 November 2024). [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c238n5zr51yo &quot;Botswana ruling party rejected after 58 years in power&quot;]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Ngwanatsele a rogwa 2024, [[Duma Boko]], moeteledipele wa UDC, o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa Botswana, a nna tautona wa ntlha go sa emele BDP.&lt;ref&gt;Okachi, George (4 November 2024). [https://www.dw.com/en/world-headlines-ignore-botswanas-peaceful-power-transition/video-70686382 &quot;Why is Botswana's peaceful power transfer being ignored?&quot;]. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2025, Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[mathata a magolo a kalafi]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c78zg67x38zo &quot;Botswana declares national public health emergency&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 26 August 2025. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lefelo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Botswana map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb|200x200px|Mmepe wa Botswana wa [[Köppen climate classification]]]]
Ka bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 581 730 (sekwere sa dimaele di le 224 607), Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome mane le boferabobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dxnews.com/a25rj_botswana/ &quot;A25DX – A25RJ Botswana – News – Information&quot;]. ''dxnews.com''. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Gape e na le bogodimo jo bo ka nnang dimitara di le sekete (3 300 ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.goway.com/destinations/africa/botswana &quot;Botswana Safari Vacation Packages 2025/2026 | Goway Travel&quot;]. ''www.goway.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531110907/https://www.goway.com/travel-information/africa-middle-east/botswana/geography-and-maps/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana.co.za/Botswana_Regional_Info-travel/where-is-botswana.html &quot;Where is Botswana?&quot;]. ''botswana.co.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531222419/https://www.botswana.co.za/Botswana_Regional_Info-travel/where-is-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana e sephaphathi thata, e rata go nna mo lefelong le le bidikamang ka iketlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ke sone se tetseng mo Botswana, se se akaretsang go fitlha go 70% ya bogodimo jwa lefatshe la lone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/botswana &quot;Botswana Country Profile – National Geographic Kids&quot;]. ''Geography''. 20 March 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531111339/https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/botswana Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta, Botswana (2674364913).jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]]]]
Lefelo la [[Noka ya Limpopo]], e leng sebopego se segolo sa lefatshe la borwa jotlhe jwa Aforika, le bontlhabongwe mo Botswana, ka megopo ya melatswana ya yone e e elelang, [[Noka ya Notwane|Notwane]], [[Noka ya Bonwapitse|Bonwapitse]], [[Mahalapye]], [[Noka ya Lotsane|Lotsane]], [[Molapo wa Motloutse|Motloutse]] le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]], tse di mo karolong e e kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm &quot;Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin&quot;]. ''fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175114/https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya Notwane e tlamela motsemogolo ka metsi ka [[Gaborone dam|Letamo la Gaborone]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 &quot;WUC&quot;]. ''wuc.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160627051722/http://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 Archived] from the original on 27 June 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Noka ya Chobe]] e kopana le [[Noka ya Zambezi]] kwa lefelong le le bidiwang [[Kazungula, Zambia|Kazungula]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://2summers.net/2013/07/01/crossing-a-river-where-four-countries-meet/ &quot;Crossing a River Where Four Countries Meet&quot;]. ''2Summers''. 1 July 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233844/https://2summers.net/2013/07/01/crossing-a-river-where-four-countries-meet/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mefutafuta ya ditshedi le tshomarelo ===
[[Setshwantsho:Cebras de Burchell (Equus quagga burchellii), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 28.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Dipitse tsa naga di tsamayatsamaya mo Mogobeng wa Okavango]]
Botswana e na le mafelo a a farologaneng a bonno jwa diphologolo tsa naga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.awf.org/country/botswana &quot;Botswana | African Wildlife Foundation&quot;]. ''www.awf.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531215139/https://www.awf.org/country/botswana Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga mafelo a delta le a sekaka, go na le [[mafelo a bojang]] le [[di-savanna]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Bokone jwa Botswana bo na le nngwe ya dipalopalo tse di mmalwa tse di setseng tsa [[ntša ya naga ya Aforika]] e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.canids.org/species/view/African-wild-dog &quot;African wild dog | Canids&quot;]. ''www.canids.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175214/https://www.canids.org/species/view/African-wild-dog Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Chobe National Park]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Chobe|Kgaolong ya Chobe]] e na le ditlou tse dintsi go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng tsa [[Ditlou tsa Aforika|Aforika]]. Phaka e akaretsa dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse lesome le motso (4,247 sq mi) mme e tshegetsa mefuta e ka nna makgolo mararo le masome matlhano ya dinonyane.&lt;ref&gt;Moseley, William G. [https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/4/21/too-many-elephants-in-african-parks &quot;Too many elephants in African parks?&quot;]. Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233829/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/4/21/too-many-elephants-in-african-parks Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana ke karolo ya Lefelo la Tshomarelo la Kavango Zambezi (KAZA), mmogo le Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia le Angola. Karolo ya tumalano e letla motsamao o o gololesegileng wa diphologolo tsa naga magareng ga mafatshe a a tsayang karolo. &quot;Mafelo a go gasama ga diphologolo tsa naga&quot; a le marataro a supilwe go ikaegilwe ka ditsela tsa ditso tsa go fuduga ga diphologolo tsa naga&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/spring-2016/articles/five-countries-work-toward-a-common-goal-in-southern-africa &quot;Five countries work toward a common goal in southern Africa | Magazine Articles | WWF&quot;]. ''World Wildlife Fund''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo Botswana [[khurumetso ya sekgwa]] e ka nna 27% ya bogolo jwa lefatshe lotlhe, e e lekanang le diheketara di le 15,254,700 (ha) tsa sekgwa ka 2020, go tswa go diheketara di le 18,803,700 (ha) ka 1990. Ka 2020, sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago se ne se akaretsa diheketara di le 15,254,700, sa sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago 0% e ne ya begwa e le [[sekgwa sa motheo]] (se se nang le mefuta ya ditlhare tsa naga e e senang ditshupo tse di bonalang sentle tsa tiro ya batho) mme mo e ka nnang 11% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e e sireleditsweng e ne ya fitlhelwa mo teng. Mo ngwageng wa 2015, 24% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e begilwe e le ka fa tlase ga setshaba le 76% ya mong yo o ikemetseng.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BWA/home/overview &quot;Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Botswana&quot;]. ''Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Chobe National Park le [[Moremi Game Reserve]] (mo Okavango Delta) ke mafelo a magolo a bojanala.&lt;ref&gt;Bunge, Bianca (31 May 2021). [https://secretafrica.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-botswana/ &quot;Top 10 Tourist Attractions In Botswana&quot;]. ''Secret Africa''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531201917/https://secretafrica.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Dipolokelo tse dingwe di akaretsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari]] le le fitlhelwang kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari mo [[Kgaolo ya Ghanzi|Kgaolong ya Ghanzi]]; [[Makgadikgadi Pans National Park]] le [[Nxai Pan National Park]] tse di mo [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Legare]] mo [[Makgadikgadi Pan]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.itravelto.com/place/Central-Botswana.html &quot;Central Botswana | Botswana Safari&quot;]. ''www.itravelto.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233838/https://www.itravelto.com/place/Central-Botswana.html Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lefatshe la Botswana le lebagane le mathata a mabedi a magolo [[a tikologo]], komelelo le [[go fetoga sekaka]], tse di golaganeng thata. Dikotara di le tharo tsa batho le diphologolo tsa naga di ikaegile ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka ntlha ya komelelo. Tiriso ya [[metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe]] ka go epa didiba tse di kwa teng e fokoditse ditlamorago tsa komelelo ka tsela nngwe. Metsi a a fa godimo ga lefatshe a a tlhokega mo Botswana, mme temothuo e e kwa tlase ga 5% mo lefatsheng e kgona go tswelela ka pula. Mo e e setseng 95% ya lefatshe, go rua leruo ke motswedi o mogolo wa lotseno lwa kwa magaeng. Mo e ka nnang 71% ya lefatshe la lefatshe le dirisediwa phulo ya tlhakanelo, e e nnileng selo se segolo se se bakileng go fetoga ga naga sekaka le kgogolego ya mmu e e potlakileng mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Darkoh, Michael. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101010191509/http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf &quot;Desertification in Botswana&quot;] (PDF). IS: Rala. pp. 61–64. Archived from [http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

E re ka go rua leruo go solegetse batho ba lefatshe la Botswana dipoelo, ba tsweletse ka go dirisa lefatshe leo ka dipalo tse di golang tsa diphologolo ka tsela e e gakgamatsang. Go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1991, palo ya leruo e ne ya gola go tswa go didikadike di le 1.7 go ya go didikadike di le tlhano le sephatlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Fela jalo, palo ya batho e oketsegile go tswa go 574,000 ka 1971 go ya go sedikadike le sephatlo ka 1995, e leng koketsego ya 161% mo dingwageng di le masome mabedi le bone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.comptonherald.org/joa-botswana &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''Compton Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240501224436/https://www.comptonherald.org/joa-botswana Archived] from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. &lt;/ref&gt; Baitseanape ba tikologo ba bega gore Okavango Delta e a oma ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga phulo ya leruo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794 &quot;Botswana, US sign 'Debt-for-Nature' agreement&quot;]. Afrol. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091201140712/http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794 Archived] from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Okavango Delta ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a metsi a a nang le dikgwa tse dinnye mo Botswana e bile ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a kwa teng ga naga mo lefatsheng; thulaganyo ya tikologo e botlhokwa thata mo go tsheleng ga diphologolo di le dintsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Lephata la Dikgwa le Ditsompelo tsa Dikgwa le setse le simolotse go tsenya mo tirisong porojeke ya go busetsa dimela tsa selegae mo baaging ba Kgalagadi Borwa, Kweneng Bokone le Boteti.&lt;ref&gt;Mogotsi, Kebadire; Kanego, Arabang; Sebele, Neelo; Kgaswane, Medi; Gabaitse, H. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100724145917/http://www.unccd.int/IYDD/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf &quot;New opportunities for combating desertification in Botswana: Women in action for sustainable land and natural resources management&quot;] (PDF). UNCCD. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100724145917/http://www.unccd.int/IYDD/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tsenngwa gape ga dimela tsa selegae go tlaa thusa go fokotsa go senyega ga lefatshe. [[Puso ya Amerika]] le yone e dirile tumalano le lefatshe la Botswana, e ba neetse US$7 million go fokotsa sekoloto sa Botswana ka US$8.3 million. US e ne ya tlhomamisa gore Botswana e tlaa tlhoma mogopolo mo tshomarelong e e tseneletseng ya lefatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Lefatshe le ne le na le maduo a palogare a [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] ya 2018 a 9.13/10, e e baya mo maemong a bo ferabobedi lefatshe ka bophara mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a supa le bobedi.&lt;ref&gt;Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 &quot;Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material&quot;]. ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 33293507&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) le bolela fa lehuma e le lone bothata jo bogolo jo bo dirang gore go dirisiwe ditsompelo go feta selekanyo, go akaretsa le lefatshe, mo Botswana. UNDP e ne ya tsenelela mo porojekeng e e neng ya simololwa kwa morafeng wa borwa jwa Struizendam mo Botswana. Maikaelelo a porojeke ke go tsaya malebela mo &quot;kitsong ya setso le dithulaganyo tsa taolo ya lefatshe tsa setso&quot;. Baeteledipele ba mokgatlho oo ba tshwanetse go nna batho ba ba mo setšhabeng go gogela batho ba tlholego, mme seo se oketsa ditšhono tsa bone tsa go bona lotseno, ka jalo se fokotsa lehuma. UNDP gape e boletse gore puso e tshwanetse go diragatsa melao ka katlego go letla batho go laola metswedi ya bone ya selegae mme lenaneo le fa puso tshedimosetso go thusa mo tlhabololong ya melao.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090 &quot;Botswana villages fighting desertification&quot;]. Afrol. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091102221242/http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090 Archived] from the original on 2 November 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Puso le dipolotiki ==
[[Setshwantsho:Duma Boko 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|208x208px|[[Duma Boko]] ke [[Tautona wa Botswana]] go tloga ka 2024.]]
Botswana ke [[rephaboliki ya palamente]] e e laolwang ke [[Molaomotheo wa Botswana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Z.; Malila, Ikanyeng S. (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45341655 &quot;The Mutation of Parliament into a &quot;Registration Chamber&quot;: Executive Dominance over the Legislature in Botswana&quot;]. ''The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs''. '''40''' (2): 33–59. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45341655. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ke puso ya batho ka batho e telele go gaisa e e sa kgaotseng mo Aforika.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Sebudubudu, David; Bodilenyane, Keratilwe; Kwerepe, Phana (2016). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124 &quot;The Politics of Opposition Electoral Coalitions and Alliances in Botswana&quot;]. ''The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs''. '''43''' (1): 1–26. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45342124. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231013182227/https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124 Archived] from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setilo sa yone sa puso se kwa [[Gaborone]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ditheo tsa puso ya Botswana di tlhomilwe morago ga gore e nne setšhaba se se ikemetseng ka nosi ka 1966. Thulaganyo ya puso ya Botswana e ikaegile ka [[tsamaiso ya Westminster]] ya United Kingdom le dipuso tsa merafe ya batho ba Tswana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Botswana e na le [[puso e e kopantsweng]] e mo go yone molao wa bosetšhaba o emisetsang molao wa selegae.&lt;ref&gt;Mooketsane, K.; Bodilenyane, K.; Motshekgwa, B. (2017). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-6a061f80d &quot;Is decentralisation in Botswana a democratic fallacy?&quot;]. ''African Journal of Public Affairs''. '''9''' (5): 47–60. hdl:10520/EJC-6a061f80d. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175122/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-6a061f80d Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Melao ya selegae e tlhamiwa ke makgotla a selegae le makgotla a dikgaolo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Sharma, Keshav C. (23 August 2020). [https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.928945225837497 &quot;Role of local government in Botswana for effective service delivery: Challenges, prospects and lessons&quot;]. ''Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance'' (7): 135–142. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175124/https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.928945225837497 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba tlhotlhelediwa thata ke dipuso tsa merafe, tse di eteletsweng pele ke kgosi ya morafe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

[[Palamente ya Botswana]] e na le Tautona le [[Kokoano Bosetšhaba]], e e dirang jaaka lekgotla la peomolao la setšhaba le le tlhomameng le le le nosi, fa ''[[Ntlo ya Dikgosi]]'' e direla setlhopha sa bagakolodi se se dirilweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe le maloko a mangwe a a tlhomilweng.&lt;ref&gt;Norton, Philip (21 December 2004). [[doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436|&quot;How many bicameral legislatures are there?&quot;]]. ''The Journal of Legislative Studies''. '''10''' (4): 1–9. doi:[[doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436|10.1080/1357233042000322436]]. ISSN 1357-2334. S2CID 143950774. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Lekala la khuduthamaga la Botswana le eteletswe pele ke [[Tautona wa Botswana]], yo o dirang jaaka tlhogo ya lefatshe le tlhogo ya puso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Maloko a palamente a tlhopha tautona,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 &quot;The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana&quot;]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240213145751/https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 Archived] from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme tautona o tlhoma [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|mothusa-tautona]] le [[matona]].&lt;ref&gt;Beaulier, Scott A.; Subrick, J. Robert (2006). [http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x &quot;The Political Foundations of Development: The Case of Botswana&quot;]. ''Constitutional Political Economy''. '''17''' (2): 103–115. doi:10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x. ISSN 1043-4062. S2CID 59354401. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. &lt;/ref&gt; Tautona o na le dithata tse di bonalang mo Botswana, mme lekgotla la peomolao ga le na dithata tse dintsi tsa go tlhola tautona fa a setse a tlhomilwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2 January 2017). [[doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636|&quot;Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty&quot;]]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''35''' (1): 1–14. doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636. ISSN 0258-9001.&lt;/ref&gt; Boatlhodi bo akaretsa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo le Dikgotlatshekelo tsa Bommakaseterata.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110218013129/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/ &quot;The Hierarchy of the Courts&quot;]. ''Government of Botswana''. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/ the original] on 18 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Dikgetse gantsi di rarabololwa ke dikgotlatshekelo tsa setso tse di okametsweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

[[Ditlhopho mo Botswana]] di tshwarwa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano mme di okametswe ke [[Lekgotla le le Ikemetseng la Ditlhopho]] (IEC).&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;Mogalakwe, Monageng (2 January 2015). [[doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210|&quot;An assessment of Botswana's electoral management body to deliver fair elections&quot;]]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''33''' (1): 105–120. doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210. ISSN 0258-9001. S2CID 154949350. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana e tsamaisa [[tsamaiso ya makoko a mantsi]] e mo go yone [[makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki]] a gaisanang mo ditlhophong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; E ne e le lefatshe la lekoko le le laolang le mo go lone [[Botswana Democratic Party]] e neng e busa ka puso ya bontsi go tloga ka boipuso ka 1966 go fitlha ka 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Somolekae, Gloria (1 January 2005). [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/political-parties-in-botswana/ Political Parties in Botswana] (Report). Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. p. 6. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601230322/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/political-parties-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &amp; Bolt 2018]], p. 74.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba di amogelwa jaaka [[tse di gololesegileng le tse di siameng]], fela lekoko le le busang le na le bomolemo jwa setheo se makoko a mangwe a se nang one.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sebudubudu, David; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara (2010). [https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC88240 &quot;The management of elections: the case of Botswana&quot;]. ''Politeia''. '''29''' (1): 65–77. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175631/https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC88240 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Makgamu]] a tlwaelesegile mo makokong a sepolotiki a Botswana, mme ditlhopha di le mmalwa di tlhamile makoko a masha ka go kgaogana le a a tlhomilweng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Fa e sale ka 2019, [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e ntse e dira jaaka kopano ya makoko a kganetso.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN &quot;Botswana opposition groups unite to challenge ruling BDP&quot;]. ''Reuters''. 3 February 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221114062454/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN Archived] from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhopho tsa bosheng di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 2024, fa lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa lone lekgetlho la ntlha mo ditsong, mme seo sa fedisa puso ya lone ya dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi mo lefatsheng leo. Ditlhopho di ne tsa bona [[Duma Boko]] a tlhophiwa go nna tautona.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o &quot;Botswana election: Duma Boko – the politician who did the unthinkable&quot;]. BBC. November 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tsa Botswana, dipolotiki tsa lone di ne di laolwa ke Tautona [[Seretse Khama]] le mothusa-tautona (tautona wa moragonyana) [[Quett Masire]].&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p. 58.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa e sale ka [[Khuduthamaga ya Kgabo]] ka 1991, makgamu le dikgaisano tsa sepolotiki di laotse sepolotiki sa Botswana. Lekoko la [[Barata-Phathi]] le ne le eteletswe pele ke [[Peter Mmusi]], [[Daniel Kwelagobe]] le [[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], fa lekoko la [[A Team]] le ne le eteletswe pele ke [[Mompati Merafhe]] le [[Jacob Nkate]].&lt;ref&gt;Ntuane, Botsalo (2018). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90026925 &quot;President Festus Mogae: The Regent Who Became King&quot;]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''50''': 333–338. ISSN 0525-5090. JSTOR 90026925. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824 &quot;The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party&quot;]. ''Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies''. '''27''' (2): 343–360. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175735/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824_The_2010_split_of_the_Botswana_Democratic_Party Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa [[Festus Mogae]] le [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ba nna tautona le mothusa tautona, ka go latelana, ba ne ba itebaganya le setlhopha sa A. Khama o ne a leleka A Team mo lekokong ka 2010 morago ga go nna tautona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Kgaisano e ntsha e ne ya bopega ka 2018 fa motlhatlhami wa ga Khama yo o tlhophilweng, Mokgweetsi Masisi a ne a nna tautona. O ne a ganetsa Khama, mme bobedi jo bo ne jwa bopa kgaisano ya sepolotiki e e tswelelang go tlhotlhoregela mo dipolotiking tsa Batswana ka dingwaga tsa bo 2020.&lt;ref&gt;Seabo, Batlang; Nyenhuis, Robert (2021). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S000202062100069X/type/journal_article &quot;Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama&quot;]. ''African Studies Review''. '''64''' (4): 854–883. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.69. ISSN 0002-0206. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. &lt;/ref&gt;

Botswana e ne ya bewa mo maemong a &quot;puso ya batho ka batho e e nang le diphoso&quot; mme e le ya bo 33 mo dinageng di le 167 mo [[Democracy Index (The Economist)]], e e neng e le maemo a bobedi a a kwa godimo mo Aforika, le maemo a a kwa godimo mo kontinenteng ya Aforika (ke fela setšhaba sa setlhaketlhake sa [[Mauritius]] se se kwa lewatleng se se neng se fenya maemo a yone).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/ &quot;Democracy Index 2023&quot;]. ''Economist Intelligence Unit''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215250/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/ Archived] from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka [[V-Dem Democracy Indices]] ya 2024, Botswana e ntse e itemogela tiragalo ya [[go boela morago ga puso ya batho ka batho]] mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng, mme ya rekota maduo a yone a a kwa tlase go gaisa otlhe mo ditshupaneng tseno. Ditshupane di tlhaola Botswana jaaka puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho e e mo ‘kgaolong e e bosetlha’ fa gare ga puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho le puso ya boikgethelo ya ditlhopho. Go feta foo, di bontsha gore Botswana e latlhegetswe ke maemo a yone jaaka &quot;puso ya batho ka batho e e gololesegileng&quot; ka 2021, ka dikarolo tsa yone tsa kgololesego, tsa go tsaya karolo le tsa dipuisano di fokotsega &quot;ka maemo a a botlhokwa go ya ka dipalopalo&quot;, ka karolo ya bofelo e lemogilwe jaaka e e nnang &quot;e e maswe thata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.v-dem.net/documents/44/v-dem_dr2024_highres.pdf &quot;V-Dem Democracy Index&quot;] (PDF). ''V-Dem''. pp. 14, 16, 21, 28. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240307211425/https://www.v-dem.net/documents/44/v-dem_dr2024_highres.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Transparency International]] [[Corruption Index]] ya 2023 e beile Botswana mo maemong a boraro a tshenyetso setshaba jo bo kwa tlase mo Aforika, ka fa tlase fela ga [[Cape Verde]] le [[Seychelles]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 &quot;2023 Corruption Perceptions Index: Explore the results&quot;]. ''Transparency.org''. 30 January 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230204001659/https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana gape ke leloko la [[Mafatshe a selekane|Mafatshe a Selekane]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries &quot;Member countries&quot;]. ''Commonwealth''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221031175159/https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries Archived] from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dikamano le mafatshe a sele le sesole ===
[[Setshwantsho:Botswanatroopsboardplane.png|thumb|200x200px|Masole a Botswana a palama sefofane sa [[sesole sa Botswana]] go ya kwa Mozambique ka Phukwi 2021.]]
Ka nakô ya boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne le sena sesôlê sê se nitlameng. E ne e le morago ga gore Masôlê a [[Rhodesia]] le a [[Sesole sa Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]] a lwantshiwê ke mephatô ya [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]] le [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]&lt;ref&gt;Parks, Michael (20 May 1986). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-20-mn-6620-story.html &quot;S. Africa Raids 3 Nearby Nations : Attacks Rebel Bases in Capitals of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111150242/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-20/news/mn-6620_1_african-national-congress Archived] from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme [[Botswana Defence Force]] (BDF) ya tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162757/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/ &quot;History of the BDF&quot;]. ''gov.bw''. 25 August 2011. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/ the original] on 6 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Tautona ê nê e le [[molaodi wa sesôlè]] gape a tlhopha khansele ya itshireletso. Sesôlê sa Botswana se maloko a ka tshwara selekanyo sa 12,000. Ka 2019, Botswana e ne ya saena tumalano ya UN ya [[treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&amp;chapter=26&amp;clang=_en &quot;Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons&quot;]. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&amp;chapter=26&amp;clang=_en Archived] from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go latêla phetogô ya sepôlôtiki sa Aforika Borwa le sa kgaolo, sesôlê sa Botswana se nê sa itlama go sirêlêtsa diphôlôgôlô tsa tlhôlêgê, [[go baakanyetsa dibetso tsa tlhôlêgô]], gape tshegetsa go lêre kagisô kwa mafatsheng a sele. Lefatshe ja United States ke lengwe lê le thusang Botswana ka ditlhabololô, le sônê [[Botswana Defence Force|sesôlê sa Botswana]], ka bontsi jwa bônê ba fiwa ithuthuntshô ke ba lefatshe la U.S. Ithuthuntshô ê e tsêwa e le ya kônôkônô.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Puso ya Botswana e ne ya naya Amerika tetla ya go sekaseka kgonagalo ya go tlhoma lefelo la Africa Command ([[AFRICOM]]) mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref&gt;U.S. Army Africa Public Affairs; Daniel, Spc. Tynisha; March, Meredith; Sampson, Sgt. Karen (15 January 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170718193102/http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe &quot;Botswana Defence Force, U.S. Army Leaders Meet in Europe&quot;]. ''africom.mil''. Archived from [http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe the original] on 18 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome matlhano le le nang le kagiso mo lefatsheng, go ya ka [[Global Peace Index]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf &quot;2024 Global Peace Index&quot;] (PDF). p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditshwanelo tsa setho ===
[[Ditshwanelo|Lefelo la Botswana la Ditshwanelo tsa Setho]], [[Ditshwanelo]], le tlhomilwe ka 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180218204716/http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/ &quot;Ditshwanelo&quot;]. ''ditshwanelo.org.bw''. 16 January 2018. Archived from [http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/ the original] on 18 February 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 2019, ditiro tsa go ratana ka bong bo le bongwe di ne di le kgatlhanong le molao mo Botswana. Tshwetso ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana ya Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso wa ngwaga oo e ne ya phimola dipeelo tsa Molao wa Bosenyi tse di neng di otlhaya &quot;kitso ya nama ya motho ope kgatlhanong le thulaganyo ya tlholego&quot; le &quot;ditiro tsa maitseo a a makgwakgwa&quot;, mme seo sa dira gore Botswana e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le bobedi a Aforika a a dirileng gore batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ba se ka ba nna molato kgotsa ba nne mo molaong.&lt;ref&gt;Fox, Kara. [https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html &quot;Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa&quot;]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190611111110/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Katlholelo loso]] ke katlholo ya semolao ya polao mo Botswana, mme dipolao di dirwa ka go kalediwa.&lt;ref&gt;Tshosa, Onkemetse (25 May 2021). [https://www.biicl.org/files/2216_tshosa_death_penalty_botswana.pdf &quot;THE DEATH PENALTY IN BOTSWANA IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE FOR ABOLITION&quot;] (PDF). p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210525162623/https://www.biicl.org/files/2216_tshosa_death_penalty_botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Bosquimanos-Grassland Bushmen Lodge, Botswana 04.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Monna wa Mosarwa (San) ]]

==== San le merafe e mengwe ya tlholego ====
Bontsi jwa batho ba tlholego ba San ba fudusitswe ka dikgoka go tswa mo lefatsheng la bone go ya kwa mafelong a a beetsweng kwa thoko. Go dira gore ba fuduge, ba ne ba kganelwa go bona metsi mo lefatsheng la bone mme ba ne ba lebana le go tshwarwa fa ba ka tsoma, e leng motswedi wa bone o mogolo wa dijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867 &quot;Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 7 January 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325015238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867 Archived] from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mafeloa bone a mo gare ga tshimo e e humileng thata ya diteemane mo lefatsheng. Semmuso, puso e ganetsa gore go na le kgolagano epe le meepo, e bolela fa go fudusiwa e le go somarela diphologolo tsa naga le thulaganyo ya tikologo, le fa batho ba San ba ntse ba tshela ka tsela e e tswelelang mo lefatsheng ka dingwaga di le dikete.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Mo dipeeletsong, ba kgaratlha thata go bona tiro, mme botagwa bo aname.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bone 2018, [[Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng wa UN wa Bathopotlana]], Fernand de Varennes, o ne a ntsha pegelo e e neng e ikuela mo Botswana &quot;go oketsa maiteko a go lemoga le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba babotlana mabapi le ditirelo tsa setšhaba, tiriso ya lefatshe le didirisiwa, le tiriso ya [[dipuo tse di potlana]] mo thutong le mo mafelong mangwe a a botlhokwa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/botswana-minorities-need-boost-education-and-health-care-says-un-expert#:~:text=GENEVA%20%2F%20GABORONE%20(24%20August%202018,on%20Minorities%2C%20Fernand%20de%20Varennes. &quot;Botswana minorities need boost in education and health care, says UN expert urging Bill of Right&quot;]. United Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175645/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/botswana-minorities-need-boost-education-and-health-care-says-un-expert#:~:text=GENEVA%20%2F%20GABORONE%20(24%20August%202018,on%20Minorities%2C%20Fernand%20de%20Varennes. Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikarolo tsa botsamaisi ==
[[Setshwantsho:Districts of Botswana in 1977.jpg|left|thumb|271x271px|Dikgaolo tsa Botswana ka 1977]]
[[Setshwantsho:The Subdistricts of Botswana..png|thumb|221x221px|Dikgaolo le Dikgaolo-Potlana tsa Botswana]]
Botswana e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome, dikgaolo tsa toropo di le pedi, ditoropo di le nne,&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;[https://www.geonames.org/BW/administrative-division-botswana.html &quot;Administrative Division of Botswana&quot;]. ''geonames.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240223075024/https://www.geonames.org/BW/administrative-division-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; dikgaolopotlana di le lesome le motso mme, ka kakaretso, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome le borataro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; Ba:

* Legare
* Chobe
* Francistown
* Gaborone
* Ganzi
* Jwaneng
* Kgalagadi
* Kgatleng
* Kweneng
* Lobatse
* Bokone Botlhaba
* Bokone Bophirima
* Borwa Botlhaba
* Borwa
* Selibe Phikwe
* Toropo ya Sowa&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;

Tseno di tsamaisiwa ke balaodi ba selegae ba le lesome le borataro (makgotla a dikgaolo, makgotla a toropo kgotsa makgotla a toropo).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170606002454/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/ &quot;Botswana Government Ministries &amp; Authorities&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/ the original] on 6 June 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statoids.com/ubw.html &quot;Botswana Districts&quot;]. ''statoids.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812073605/http://www.statoids.com/ubw.html Archived] from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 1977, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso ya Botswana e ne e le Ngamiland, Chobe, Francistown, Ngwato, Tuli, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Ngwaketse, Kweneng, Gaborone le Lobatse.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.loc.gov/resource/g8601f.ct002720/ &quot;Botswana, administrative divisions&quot;]. ''Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 United States''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240601053842/https://www.loc.gov/resource/g8601f.ct002720/ Archived] from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Chobe e ne ya tlosiwa mo go nneng karolo ya tsamaiso, mme leina la Ngamiland la fetolwa go nna kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima. Chobe e ne ya busiwa ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ka 2014. Ka lone letsatsi leo, go ne ga tsenngwa gape le dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso tsa Francistown, Gaborone, Jwaneng, Lobatse, Selibe Phikwe, le Toropo ya Sowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;

== Itsholelo ==
Fa e sale Botswana a bona boipuso, e nnile le nngwe ya dikelo tsa kgolo e e bonako mo lotsenong lwa motho ka bongwe mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''U.S. Department of State''. 20 January 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190604183438/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ Archived] from the original on 4 June 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Pele e ne e le lengwe la mafatshe a a humanegileng thata mo lefatsheng—ka GDP ya motho ka bongwe e e ka nnang US$70 ka ngwaga kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960&lt;ref&gt;Maundeni, Zibani; Mpabanga, Dorothy; Mfundisi, Adam (1 January 2007). [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/ &quot;Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana&quot;]. ''Africa Portal''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031142/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;—Botswana e iphetotse go nna lefatshe la lotseno lo lo kwa godimo lo lo magareng. GDP ka tlhogo e godile go tswa go $439 ka 1950 go ya go $15,842 ka 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maddison-data-gdp-per-capita-in-2011us &quot;GDP per capita&quot;]. ''Our World in Data''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190720172734/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maddison-data-gdp-per-capita-in-2011us Archived] from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa Botswana e ne e na le didirisiwa tse dintsi, letlhomeso le le siameng la setheo le ne la letla lefatshego beeletsa gape lotseno lwa didirisiwa go dira lotseno lo lo tlhomameng lwa isago.&lt;ref&gt;Baten, Jörg (2016). ''A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present''. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. ISBN 9781107507180.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka phopholetso nngwe, le na le lotseno lotlhe lwa bosetšhaba lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo mo tekatekanong ya maatla a go reka mo Aforika, se se le nayang maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo mo Aforika, go tsamaelana le a Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;Kästle, Klaus (24 July 2009). [http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm &quot;GNI PPP table&quot;]. Nationsonline.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100115190433/http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm Archived] from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2022, seelo sa letlhoko la ditiro se ne se le kwa go 25.4%, fa letlhoko la ditiro la basha le fitlheletse 45.41% ka 2023.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswanalmo.org.bw/labour_statistics &quot;Labour Statistics | Botswana Labour Market Observatory&quot;]. ''www.botswanalmo.org.bw''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statista.com/statistics/811692/youth-unemployment-rate-in-botswana/ &quot;Botswana – youth unemployment rate 2004–2023&quot;]. ''Statista''. Retrieved  15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tshedimosetso ya bosheng e e leng teng go tswa ka 2015/2016 e fopholetsa gore 17.2% ya baagi ba Botswana ba humanegile ka ditsela tse dintsi, mme 19.7% e nngwe e mo kotsing.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/BWA.pdf &quot;Multidimensional Poverty Index Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Reports''. 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lephata la kgwebo le madirelo la Botswana]] le rwele maikarabelo a go rotloetsa [[tlhabololo ya dikgwebo]] lefatshe leo ka bophara. Go ya ka [[Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi]], kgolo ya itsholelo e ne e le palogare ya go feta 9% ka ngwaga go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1999. Botswana e na le maemo a a kwa godimo a kgololesego ya itsholelo fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&amp;aid=99&amp;dir=2007/September/Thursday6/ &quot;Botswana ranked Africa's leader in economic freedom&quot;]. mmegi.bw. 19 May 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170822145230/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&amp;aid=99&amp;dir=2007/September/Thursday6/ Archived] from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Puso e tshegeditse melao e e siameng ya matlole, le fa go ne go na le ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi ka go latelana ka 2002 le 2003, le maemo a a sa reng sepe a dikoloto tsa kwa ntle. Le amogetse tekanyetso e e kwa godimo ya sekoloto sa puso mo Aforika mme e bolokile dipolokelo tsa kananyo ya mafatshe a sele (go feta $7 bilione ka 2005/2006) e e ka nnang dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo tsa diromelwateng tsa ga jaana.&lt;ref&gt;Mugoti, Godfrey (2009). ''Africa (a-z)''. [Place of publication not identified]: Lulu Com. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-4357-2890-5. OCLC 946180025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Molaomotheo o tlamela ka boatlhodi jo bo ikemetseng, mme puso e tlotla seo mo tirisong. Tsamaiso ya semolao e lekane go dira ditirisano tsa kgwebo tse di sireletsegileng, le fa go salela kwa morago mo go ntseng go oketsega ga dikgetsi go thibela ditsheko ka nako. Botswana e mo maemong a bobedi fela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo mafatsheng a Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara mo International Property Rights Index ya 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/countries?r=A&amp;f=ipri&amp;o=desc &quot;The International Property Rights Index 2014: Africa by Score&quot;]. The International Property Rights Index. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141240/http://internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/countries?r=A&amp;f=ipri&amp;o=desc Archived] from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Matlapa le ditswammung tse di tlhwatlhwakgolo ===
[[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]], o o humileng go gaisa mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mining.com/featured-article/ranked-worlds-richest-diamond-mines/ &quot;RANKED: World's richest diamond mines&quot;]. ''Mining.com''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Mo Botswana, Lephata la Meepo le Ditswammung, Kgotetse le Tshireletsego ya Maatla le boloka tshedimosetso mabapi le meepo mo lefatsheng lotlhe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130910164527/http://www.mines.gov.bw/ &quot;Department of Mines&quot;]. 20 July 2007. Archived from [http://www.mines.gov.bw/ the original] on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gov.bw/ &quot;The Government of Botswana – Home&quot;]. 9 February 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209200236/http://www.gov.bw/ Archived] from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Debswana]], e leng kompone e kgolo ya [[meepo ya diteemane]] e e dirang mo Botswana, ke kompone e e kopanetsweng, sephatlo sa yone ke ya puso.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Joe_Nocera|Nocera, Joe]] (8 August 2008). [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/business/worldbusiness/09nocera.html &quot;Diamonds are Forever in Botswana&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110829063851/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/business/worldbusiness/09nocera.html Archived] from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Madirelo a diteemane a tlamela ka bokana ka 40% ya lotseno lotlhe lwa puso.&lt;ref&gt;[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/BOTSWANAEXTN/0,,menuPK:322821~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:322804,00.html &quot;Botswana Country Brief&quot;]. World Bank. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090427113006/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/BOTSWANAEXTN/0,,menuPK:322821~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:322804,00.html Archived] from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Lefatshe la Botswana ga le ise le simolole go epa uranium; le fa go ntse jalo, Porojeke ya Uranium ya Letlhakane mo Aforika ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa uranium tse di iseng di tlhabololwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://lotusresources.com.au/projects/letlhakane-overview/ &quot;Letlhakane Overview&quot;]. ''Lotus Resources''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240313041901/https://lotusresources.com.au/projects/letlhakane-overview/ Archived] from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Puso e itsisitse mo tshimologong ya 2009 gore ba tla leka go farologanya itsholelo ya bone le go tila go ikaega thata ka diteemane.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.11ikc.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2013 &quot;International Kimberlite Conference – Host Country – Botswana&quot;]. ''11ikc.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531230207/http://www.11ikc.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2013 Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bojanala ===
[[Setshwantsho:Red-billed oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) on impala (Aepyceros melampus).jpg|thumb|Red-billed oxpecker mo godimo ga phala kwa Chobe.]]
[[Mokgatlho wa Bojanala wa Botswana]] ke setlhopha sa bojanala sa semmuso sa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/ &quot;Home | Botswana Tourism Organisation&quot;]. ''www.botswanatourism.co.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240124120158/https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mafelo a mangwe mo Botswana a akaretsa Gaborone Yacht Club le Kalahari Fishing Club. Lefatshe leo le na le dilo tsa tlholego tse di kgatlhang jaaka [[Gaborone dam|letamo la Gaborone]] le [[Mokolodi Nature Reserve|tshireletso ya tlholego ya Mokolodi]]. Go na le [[mabala a golofo]] a Mokgatlho wa Golofo wa Botswana (BGU) o o tlhokomelang.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090808044920/http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/ &quot;Botswana Golf Union (BGU)&quot;]. ''botswanagolfunion.org.bw''. 20 September 2011. Archived from [http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/ the original] on 8 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2014, [[Okavango Delta]] ya Botswana, e leng delta e kgolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng, e ne ya kwalwa jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la sekete.&lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 &quot;World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana&quot;]. UNESCO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234253/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mafaratlhatlha ===
[[Setshwantsho:PSX 20190111 022104.jpg|thumb|180x180px|[[Air Botswana]] 31/12/18]]
[[Setshwantsho:Francistown interchange Botswana.png|thumb|220x220px|Thapama Interchange, [[Francistown]], [[Botswana]]]]
Botswana e na le diporo tsa dikilometara di le 971, ditsela tsa dikilometara di le 18 443,8 le maemelo a difofane a le masome a ferabongwe le bobedi, mme a le lesome le bobedi a one a na le ditsela tse di didilweng. Mo ditseleng tseo, dikilometara di le 7 383.2 di didilwe, fa dikilometara tse dingwe di le 11 060.6 di sa dilwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country &quot;About Our Country § Transport&quot;]. [[:en:Government_of_Botswana|Government of Botswana]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022105828/https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setlamo sa difofane sa setshaba ke sa [[Air Botswana]], se se fofang mo gae le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe mo Aforika. [[Botswana Railways]] ke kompone ya bosetšhaba ya diterena, e e dirang thata mo thulaganyong ya diterena tsa kgaolo ya Borwa jwa Aforika. Botswana Railways e fa ditiro tsa dipalamo tse di tsamaisang mefuta e e farologanyeng ya ditirelo mo makalaneng a meepo le madirelo , gammogo le ditirelo tsa terena ya bapalami le maemelodikepe a a omileng.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions/ &quot;Ministry of Transport and Communications&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180729080321/http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions Archived] from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile &quot;Botswana Railways&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232609/http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile Archived] from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa re bua ka mafaratlhatlha a motlakase mo Botswana, lefatshe leo le ntsha magala a motlakase mme le reka oli kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Bosheng jaana, lefatshe le tsere kgatlhego e kgolo mo metsweding ya kgotletso a a ntšhwafadiwang mme e tlhamile leano le le tseneletseng la go ngoka babeeletsi mo madirelong a kgotletsoa a ntšhwafadiwang a phefo, a letsatsi le a biomass. Diteishene tsa motlakase tsa Botswana di akaretsa [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule B]] (600 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule A]] (132 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Orapa]] (90 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Phakalane]] (1.3 MW) le [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Mmamabula]] (300 MW), tseo go lebeletsweng gore di tla nna tsa maranyane mo nakong e sa fediseng pelo. [[Sefetlhamotlakase sa letsatsi]] sa 200-MW se mo kgatong ya go rulaganngwa le go tlhamiwa kwa Lephateng la Meepo, Maranyane le Tshireletsego ya Kgotletso.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows &quot;Unusual Tourism ministry solar power plant tender raises eyebrows&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. Gaborone. 3 December 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028231344/https://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows/ Archived] from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232514/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=1253&amp;dir=2012/June/Friday22/ &quot;Botswana – energy sector overview&quot;]. ''mmegi.bw''. 22 June 2012. Archived from [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=1253&amp;dir=2012/June/Friday22/ the original] on 21 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lefatshe ja Botswana le ntse le nosiwa mêtse ke makalana a a farologaneng mô dingwagêng difetileng. Water Utilities Corporation e ntse e nosa ditorôpô le ditorôpôkgolo. Mô godimo ga môo, kômpône êno, e ntse e tshwaragane le Lephata ja Mêtse le Dikhansele tsa Dikgaolô ka bokete jwa mêtse go abiwa le mafelo a mangwê a lefatshe leno. Maikaêlêlô a Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse ke go rarabolola ditsamaisô tsêno marara, go bêng jalo go nne bonôlô go isa mêtse kwa bathung.Eeng sê se tlamilêng gore go diragadiwê Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse? Kanokô ya Lenanêôlegolo ja Setshaba ja Phatlalatsô Mêtse ja 2005-2006, le ne la re go diriwê diphêtogôdigolo mô mhamêng wa mêtse, mme dingwe tsa tsônê e le gore, go kgaoganngwê tsamaisô ya mhama wa mêtse le makalana a mangwê a a thusang ka ditirêlô. Morago ga dikanokô tsêo, ba ne ba gakolola gore Water Utilities Corporation e tsêyê tsamaisô yôtlhê ya go nosa lefatshe jêno&lt;ref&gt;www.mmewr.gov.bw/downloads/download.php?dir&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Dipalopalo==
Go tloga ka 2024, [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] ke morafe o o nang le bontsi mo Botswana, ba dira mo e ka nnang 79% ya baagi, ba latelwa ke [[Bakalaka|Ba-Kalanga]] ka 11% le [[Basarwa|Ba-San]] (Basarwa) ka 3%. 7% e e setseng e na le [[Batswana ba Basweu]]/Batswana ba Yuropa,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; [[Makula|Maindia]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; le palo ya merafe e mengwe e mennye ya Borwa jwa Aforika.

Ditlhopha tsa tlholego di akaretsa [[Bayeyi|Bayei]], Bambukushu, [[Basubia]], Baherero le [[Bakgalagadi]]. Batho ba bannye ba Maindia ba bopilwe ke bafaladi ba bsheng le ditlogolwana tsa bafaladi ba Maindia ba ba gorogileng go tswa kwa [[Mozambique]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Mauritius]] le Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.med.upenn.edu/radiationoncologymedicalresidency/assets/user-content/documents/Botwana%20Handbook.pdf &quot;Botswana U-PENN Partnership&quot;] (PDF). p. 10. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531100746/https://www.med.upenn.edu/radiationoncologymedicalresidency/assets/user-content/documents/Botwana%20Handbook.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Bevölkerungspyramide Botswana 2016.png|thumb|220x220px|Pyramid ya baagi ba Botswana, 2016]]
Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2000, ka ntlha ya go senyega ga maemo a itsholelo kwa [[Zimbabwe]], palo ya [[batho ba Zimbabwe kwa Botswana]] e tlhatlogetse go nna dikete di le masomesome.&lt;ref&gt;[https://zimbabwe.iom.int/news/zimbabwe-diaspora-botswana-commends-goz-engagement-efforts-acknowledges-iom-support#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to,financial%20services%20among%20other%20sectors. &quot;Zimbabwe diaspora in Botswana commends GoZ engagement efforts, acknowledges IOM support&quot;]. ''IOM Zimbabwe''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230925164056/https://zimbabwe.iom.int/news/zimbabwe-diaspora-botswana-commends-goz-engagement-efforts-acknowledges-iom-support#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to,financial%20services%20among%20other%20sectors. Archived] from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Batho ba ba kwa tlase ga dikete tse some [[Basarwa|ba San]] ba santse ba tshela mokgwa wa bona wa botshelo wa setso wa [[go tsoma le go kgetla]]. Go tloga ka bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, puso ya bogareng ya Botswana e ntse e leka go ntsha Basarwa mo mafatsheng a bona a ditso, gongwe ka gonne ba nna mo kgaolong e e humileng ka diteemane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160808232807/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html &quot;African Bushmen Tour U.S. to Fund Fight for Land&quot;]. ''National Geographic''. 9 September 2004. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html the original] on 8 August 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2010, [[James Anaya]], jaaka Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng ka ga seemo sa ditshwanelo tsa setho le dikgololesego tsa motheo tsa batho ba tlholego mo Lekgotleng la Ditshaba, o tlhalositse go latlhegelwa ke lefatshe jaaka seabe se segolo mo mathateng a mantsi a batho ba tlholego ba Botswana ba lebaneng le one, a nopola go ntshiwa ga Basarwa kwa [[Central CKGR Game Reserve]] (CKGR)&lt;ref&gt;[https://kubwafive-safaris.com/visit-central-kalahari-game-reserve-in-botswana/ &quot;Visit Central Kalahari Game Reserve In Botswana&quot;]. ''Kubwa Five Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201027071139/https://kubwafive-safaris.com/visit-central-kalahari-game-reserve-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; e le sekai se se kghethegileng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;Anaya, James (2 June 2010). [http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana] (PDF) (Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181006041536/http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:2&lt;/sup&gt; Gareng ga dikgakololo tsa ga Anaya mo pegong e e yang kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla La Ditshaba e ne e le gore mananeo a tlhabololo a tshwanetse go rotloetsa, ka go rerisana le merafe ya tlholego jaaka batho ba San le Bakgalagadi, ditiro tse di tsamaelanang le setso sa merafe eo jaaka ditiro tsa setso tsa go tsoma le go kokoanya&lt;sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;:19&lt;/sup&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;10&quot; |Ditoropo tse dikgolo mo Botswana

Palobatho ya Botswana 2022
|-
!Rank
!Leina
!Kgaolo
!Palo ya batho
!Rank
!Leina
!Kgaolo
!Palo ya batho
|-
|1
|[[Gaborone]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]]
|246,325
|11
|[[Kanye]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Borwa]]
|48,028
|-
|2
|[[Francistown]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba|Bokone-Botlhaba]]
|103,417
|12
|[[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|42,488
|-
|3
|[[Mogoditshane]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]]
|88,006
|13
|[[Letlhakane]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|36,338
|-
|4
|[[Maun]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Bokone-Bophirima|Bokone-Bophirima]]
|84,993
|14
|[[Ramotswa]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]]
|33,271
|-
|5
|[[Molepolole]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]]
|74,674
|15
|[[Lobatse]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]]
|29,772
|-
|6
|[[Serowe]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|55,676
|16
|[[Mmopane]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]]
|25,345
|-
|7
|[[Tlokweng]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]]
|55,508
|17
|[[Thamaga]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]]
|25,297
|-
|8
|[[Palapye]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|52,636
|18
|[[Moshupa]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Borwa]]
|23,858
|-
|9
|[[Mochudi]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgatleng]]
|50,317
|19
|[[Tonota]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|23,296
|-
|10
|[[Mahalapye]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|48,431
|20
|[[Bobonong]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|21,216
|}

=== Diteme ===
Teme ya semmuso mo Botswana ke Sekgoa, mme ê e buiwang thata mô Botswana ke [[Setswana]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country &quot;About Our Country&quot;]. ''Gov.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022105828/https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane  2025. Botswana o na le merafe e le mmalwa go ralala lefatshe, e e kopanetsweng e le Batswana. Puo ya semmuso ke Sekgowa mme Setswana ke puo ya setshaba, le fa go na le dipuo tse dingwe tse di buiwang.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ke sônê se golaganyang merafe ê farologanyeng go utlwana. Mo Setswaneng, ditlhongwa di botlhokwa go gaisa ka fa di leng ka teng mo dipuong tse dingwe tse dintsi, ka gonne Setswana ke [[puo ya Bantu]] mme e na le ditlhopha tsa maina tse di supiwang ke ditlhongwa tse. Di akaretsa ''Bo'', e e kayang lefatshe, ''Ba'', e e kayang batho, ''Mo'', e e leng motho a le mongwe, le ''Se'' e e leng puo. Sekai, morafe o mogolo wa Botswana ke morafe wa Tswana, ke ka moo leina la Botswana le bidiwang lefatshe la teng. Batho ka kakaretso ke Batswana, motho a le mongwe ke Motswana, mme puo e ba e buang ke Setswana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/cultural-people-botswana.html &quot;Culture and Traditions of Botswana&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240421205122/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/cultural-people-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/tswana &quot;South African History Online&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240203180415/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/tswana Archived] from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ka gore go merafe ê e farologanyeng, Botswana o nale diteme tsê dingwe tsê di buiwang ke merafe êo, jaaka:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Teme !! Morafe
|-
| Sesarwa || [[Basarwa|Barwa]]
|-
|Sekgôthu
|[[Bakgôthu]]
|-
| Sebirwa || &lt;small&gt;[[Babirwa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| Sesubiya || [[Basubiya]]
|-
| Sekalaka || [[Bakalaka]]
|-
| Sekgalagadi || [[Bakgalagadi]]
|-
| Sehambukushu || [[Bahambukushu]]
|-
| Seherero || [[Baherero]]
|-
| Sengwato || [[Bangwato]]
|-
| Setswapong || [[Batswapong]]
|}

=== Tumelo ===
Go fopholediwa gore 77% ya baagi ba naga ba itlhaola e le Bakeresete. [[Ma-Anglican]], [[Ma-Methodist]] le [[Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Borwa jwa Aforika]] ke bontsi jwa mekgatlho ya Bokeresete. Gape lefatshe le le na le diphuthego tsa:

* [[Bolutere]]
* [[Kolobetso]]
* [[Kereke ya Roma]]
* [[Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo]]
* [[Kereke ya Dutch Reformed]]
* [[Mennonites]]
* [[Badumedi ba Sabata]]
* [[Basupi ba ga Jehofa]]
* [[Kereke ya Orthodox ya Serbia]]

Go ya ka palo ya batho ya 2001, setšhaba seo se na le [[Muslims]] ba ka nnadikete tse tlhano (bogolo jang ba ba tswang kwa Asia Borwa), [[Bahindu]] ba le dikete tse tharo le ba le makgolo a supa ba [[Tumelo ya Baháʼí]]. Mo e ka nnang 20% ​​ya baagi ba itshupa [[ba se na bodumedi]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190527/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/botswana/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=20100 &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project''. 2010. Archived from [http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/botswana/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=20100 the original] on 16 December 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Botsogo ===
Tsamaiso ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo ya Botswana e ntse e tokafala le go atologa ka iketlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition &quot;Health and nutrition&quot;]. ''unicef.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220331124951/https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition Archived] from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka tlhamalalo, dikelo tsa dintsho tsa masea le tsa baimana di ntse di fokotsega ka iketlo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ &quot;Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency&quot;]. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240208191649/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ Archived] from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Diperesente di le masome a ferabobedi le botlhano tsa baagi ba nna mo lefelong la botsogo la dikilometara di le tlhano. Diperesente di le masome a supa le boraro tsa basadi ba ba imileng ba fitlhelela ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya pele ga pelegi bonnye makgetlho a le mane. Mo e ka nnang diperesente di le lekgolo tsa matsalo mo Botswana a diragala kwa dikokelong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 228.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Scottish Livingstone Hospital]] kwa [[Molepolole]]]]
Lephata la Botsogo&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ &quot;Ministry of Health&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.moh.gov.bw/ the original] on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mo Botswana le na le maikarabelo a go okamela boleng le kabo ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. [[Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng]] fa ngwana a tsholwa e ne e le masome matlhano le botlhano ka 2009 go ya ka World Bank, e e neng e wetse tlase go tswa mo setlhoeng sa masome marataro le bone le sephatlo sa 0.1 ka 1990 go ya kwa tlase kwa go masome mane le boferabongwe ka 2002.&lt;ref&gt;[http://data.worldbank.org/country/botswana &quot;World Bank Botswana Data&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110709120507/http://data.worldbank.org//country//botswana Archived] from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa e sale ka palobatho ya Botswana ya 2011, dingwaga tsa ga jaana tsa botshelo di fopholediwa go nna dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bone le .06.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

[[Mokgatlho wa Kankere mo Botswana|Mokgatlho wa kankere wa Botswana]] ke mokgatlho wa boithaopo o e seng wa puso o o leng leloko la lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la taolo ya kankere. Mokgatlho o tlaleletsa ditirelo tse di leng teng ka go tlamela ka mananeo a thibelo ya kankere le go tsibosa ka boitekanelo, go tlhofofatsa phitlhelelo ya ditirelo tsa botsogo tsa balwetse ba kankere le go neelana ka tshegetso le kgakololo mo go ba ba amegang.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana &quot;Cancer Association of Botswana&quot;]. Union for International Cancer Control. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130528080003/http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana Archived] from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maduo a Botswana a 2024 a Global Hunger Index (GHI) ke 20.7.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html &quot;Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank&quot;]. ''Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Segajaja sa HIV/AIDS ===
[[Setshwantsho:Life expectancy in select African countries, 1950–2019.jpg|thumb|290x290px|Tebelelo ya botshelo mo mafatsheng a a tlhophilweng a Borwa jwa Aforika, 1950–2019. [[HIV/AIDS]] e dirile gore dingwaga tsa botshelo di fokotsege.]]
Fela jaaka mo mafelong a mangwe mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara, [[manokonoko a AIDS mo itsholelong]] a magolo thata. Ditshenyegelo tsa tlhabololo ya itsholelo di ne tsa fokodiwa ka 10% ka 2002–2003 ka ntlha ya ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi tse di ipoeletsang le ditshenyegelo tse di tlhatlogang mo ditirelong tsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le amilwe thata ke [[segajaja sa AIDS]]; ka 2006, go ne ga fopholediwa gore dingwaga tsa botshelo fa motho a tsholwa di ne di wetse tlase go tswa go dingwaga di le masome marataro le botlhano go ya go di le masome mararo le botlhano.&lt;ref&gt;Kallings, LO (2008). [[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|&quot;The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS&quot;]]. ''J Intern Med''. '''263''' (3): 218–243. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18205765 18205765]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205339589 205339589].&lt;/ref&gt; Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng ke dingwaga di le masome marataro le borataro le.4 go tloga ka 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ka 2003, puso e ne ya simolola thulaganyo e e tseneletseng e e neng e akaretsa melemo ya mahala kgotsa e e tlhwatlhwatlase ya [[antiretroviral]] mmogo le letsholo la tshedimosetso le le diretsweng go emisa go anama ga mogare ono; ka 2013, go feta 40% ya bagolo kwa Botswana ba ne ba kgona go bona kalafi ya diritibatsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160620173755/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/unaids_gap_report_en.pdf &quot;The Gap Report&quot;] (PDF). Geneva: UN AIDS. 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160620173755/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/unaids_gap_report_en.pdf the original] (PDF) on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;: 28&lt;/sup&gt; Mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga di le 15–19, go anama go ne go fopholediwa go 6% mo basading le 3.5% mo banneng ka 2013,&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:33&lt;/sup&gt;, mme mo setlhopheng sa 20–24, 15% mo basading le 5% mo banneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:33&lt;/sup&gt; Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le motso a a tlang pele a a supilweng ke setlhopha sa AIDS sa UN ka 2011 mo Leanong la Lefatshe Lotlhe go fedisa dipalo tse disha HIV mo baneng le go boloka bomme ba bone gore ba tshele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:38&lt;/sup&gt; Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya palo ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano. Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba tshwaeditsweng ke HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya phokotsego ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga tse tlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:39,40&lt;/sup&gt;  Mo mafatsheng a Leano la Lefatshe Lotlhe la UN, batho ba ba tshelang ka HIV kwa Botswana ke bone ba ba amogelang kalafi ya diritibatsi ka diperesente tse di kwa godimo: e ka nna 75% mo bagolong (dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta) le e ka nna 98% mo baneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:237&lt;/sup&gt;

Lefatshe le amilwe thata ke [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana|segajaja sa HIV/AIDS]]. Ka 2002, Botswana e nnile lefatshe la ntlha go aba ka [[melemo ya anti-retroviral]] (ARVs) go thusa go lwantsha leroborobo leo.&lt;ref&gt;Rollnick, Roman (September 2002). [https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/botswanas-high-stakes-assault-aids &quot;Botswana's high-stakes assault on AIDS&quot;]. ''[[:en:Africa_Renewal|Africa Renewal]]''. '''16''' (10). United Nations: 6–9. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12458550 12458550]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230113083425/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/botswanas-high-stakes-assault-aids Archived] from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ne ga simololwa mananeo a go dira gore kalafi e nne teng le go ruta batho ka segajaja se,&lt;ref&gt;Powell, Alvin (16 April 2009). [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/04/mogae-shifts-stress-to-hiv-prevention/ &quot;Mogae shifts stress to HIV prevention&quot;]. ''[[:en:Harvard_Gazette|Harvard Gazette]]''. [[:en:Harvard_University|Harvard University]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329064055/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/04/mogae-shifts-stress-to-hiv-prevention/ Archived] from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; palo ya batho ba ba nang le AIDS e ne ya tlhatloga go tswa go 290 000 ka 2005 go ya go 320 000 ka 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:A20&lt;/sup&gt;   Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingagweng tse di sa tswang go feta, lefatshe le dirile diphithelelo tse di bonalang mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS, ka maiteko a a dirwang go tlamela ka kalafi e e siameng le go fokotsa seelo sa phetisetso ya mogare go tswa mo go mmangwana go ya kwa leseeng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/december/emtct_botswana &quot;Botswana is first country with severe HIV epidemic to reach key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission&quot;]. Brazzaville: UN AIDS. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731120716/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/december/emtct_botswana Archived] from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|&quot;Partnership for Success: CDC and Botswana Lead Progress Toward HIV Epidemic Control&quot;]]. [[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]. 30 September 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329064059/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhivtb/who-we-are/success-stories/success-story-pages/partnership-for-success.html Archived] from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka lenaneo la lefatshe ka bophara la Thibelo ya Phetiso ya HIV go tswa go Mmangwana go ya kwa Leseeng, Botswana e fokoditse phetiso ya HIV go tswa mo go bomme ba ba nang le mogare go ya kwa baneng ba bone go tswa mo go kanna ka 40% ka 2003 go ya go 4% ka 2010. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Festus Mogae]], puso ya Botswana e ne ya kopa thuso ya kwa ntle mo go fodiseng batho ba ba nang le HIV/ AIDS mme ya bona thuso ka bonako go tswa go [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] le Mokgatlho wa Merck, o mmogo o neng wa bopa African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP). Balekane ba bangwe ba ntlha ba akaretsa [[Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute]] ya [[Sekolo sa Harvard sa Boitekanelo jwa Setšhaba]] le Tirisanommogo ya Botswana–UPenn ya [[Yunibesithi ya Pennsylvania]]. Go ya ka Pego ya UNAIDS ya 2011, phitlhelelo ya kalafi mo lefatsheng lotlhe—e e tlhalosiwang jaaka 80% kgotsa go feta—e fitlheletswe mo Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf World AIDS Day Report]'' (PDF), UNAIDS, 2011, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013, retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Setso ==
[[Setshwantsho:Tomeletso Seeretsi.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Tomeletso Sereetsi wa Sereetsi &amp; The Natives a diragatsa kwa Maitisong Theatre mo Gaborone. Setshwantsho ka Thalefang Charles]]
[[Setshwantsho:Tswana Small Basket.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Tlatlana ya Setswana]]
Mmino wa Botswana bontsi ke wa lentswe le go diragadiwa, fa gongwe go sena meropa go ikaegile ka moletlo; gape o dirisa thata diletswa tsa megala. Mmino wa setso wa Botswana o na le diletswa jaaka setinkane (mofuta wa piano e nnye), segankure/segaba (mofuta wa seletswa sa Setšhaena sa [[erhu]]), moropa (''meropa'' go kaya bontsi) le phala (phala e e dirisiwang thata ka nako ya meletlo). Diatla ka dinako tse dingwe di dirisiwa jaaka diletswa tsa mmino le tsone, ka go opa diatla mmogo kgotsa kgatlhanong le ''phathisi'' (letlalo la podi le le retolotsweng ka fa teng le le phuthetsweng mo lefelong la potongwane, le dirisiwa fela ke banna) go tlhama mmino le moribo. Pina ya setshaba ke &quot;[[Fatshe leno la rona]]&quot;, e e kwadilweng le go tlhamiwa ke [[Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete]]; e ne ya amogelwa fa go ne go bonwa boipuso ka 1966.&lt;ref&gt;Makgala, Christian John (3 July 2014). &quot;Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''66''' (3): 504–520. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582473.2014.898081|10.1080/02582473.2014.898081]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0258-2473 0258-2473]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159475736 159475736].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/31255 &quot;Welcome to Daily News .:. General - Birth of nation&quot;]. ''dailynews.gov.bw''. [https://archive.today/20200126140631/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=31255 Archived] from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html &quot;Botswana Music&quot;]. ''KnowBotswana''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200321163524/http://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html Archived] from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwa bokone jwa Botswana, bomme ba metse ya Etsha le [[Gumare]] ba itsege ka botswerere jwa bone jwa go dira diroto ka [[setlhare sa mokola]] le [[mebala]] ya selegae. Diroto ka kakaretso di logwa ka mefuta e meraro: mebanki e megolo e e nang le dikhurumelo e e dirisediwang go boloka; ditlatlana tse dikgolo tse di bulegileng tsa go rwala dilo mo tlhogong kgotsa tsa go hehera mabele a a photlhilweng; le ditshelo tse dinnye tsa go hehera mabele a a thugilweng. Diroto tse di dirisa mmala ka tlhomamo.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFCunninghamMilton1987|Cunningham &amp; Milton 1987]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Ditshwantsho tsa bogologolo go tswa kwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa di bontsha ditshwantsho tsa go tsoma, diphologolo le batho, mme di dirilwe ke Bakhoisan (Kung San/Bushmen) dingwaga di feta dikete tse masome mabedi tse di fetileng mo teng ga [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/4/post/2017/05/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art.html &quot;An Introduction to Bushman Rock Art&quot;]. ''VISIONARY ART EXHIBITION''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/archaic-visions/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dijo ===
Dijo tsa bosetšhaba ke [[Nama ya Seswaa|seswaa]], nama e e thugilweng e e dirilweng ka nama ya podi kgotsa ya kgomo, kgotsa nama e e omisitsweng, e e fodisitsweng ya [[Segwapa]] go simolola ka nama ya kgomo go ya go nama ya diphologolo, e ka nna di-fillet tsa nama tse di segilweng go nna megalanyana go tsamaya ka meralo ya mesifa, kgotsa dikarolo tse di sephaphathi tse di segilweng go kgabaganya moralo. Dijo tsa Botswana di na le setshwano sengwe le dijo tse dingwe tsa borwa jwa Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html &quot;The Food of Botswana – Traditional Botswana Cuisine&quot;]. ''botswana.co.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230106140404/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dikai tsa dijo tsa Botswana ke: [[bogobe]], [[phaletshe]] (bogobe jwa mmidi), [[Boerewors|boroso]], [[setampa]], [[Magwinya]] le [[phane]]. Bogobe bo dirwa ka go tsenya boupi jwa mabele, mmidi kgotsa lebelebele mo metsing a a belang, bo bo bo fuduiwa go nna motogo o o boleta, mme bo apewe ka iketlo. Sejo se se bidiwang ''ting'' se dirwa fa mashi le sukiri di tsenngwa mo mabelen kgotsa mmiding o o bedisitsweng. Ting e e senang mashi le sukiri ka dinako tse dingwe e jewa ka nama kgotsa merogo ka nako ya dijo tsa motshegare kgotsa tsa maitseboa. Tsela e nngwe ya go dira bogobe ke go tsenya madila le lerotse. Morafe wa Kalanga o bitsa sejo seno ''thopi''. Madila a diriwa ka mashi a a bedisitsweng a setso a a tshwanang le [[yogurt]] kgotsa [[sour cream]].&lt;ref&gt;Ohenhen, Regina; Imarenezor, E.P.K; Kihuha, A.N. (2013), [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533 &quot;Microbiome of madila – a southern-african fermented milk product&quot;], ''International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences'', vol. 2 (2) (2013) 170–175, [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180657/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533_Microbiome_of_madila_-_a_southern-african_fermented_milk_product archived] from the original on 4 June 2024, retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Metshameko ===
[[Setshwantsho:Francistown Stadium Botswana.jpg|thumb|210x210px|[[Obed Itani Chilume Stadium|Lebala la Metshameko la Obed Itani Chilume]]]]
[[Kgwele ya dinao]] ke motshameko o o tumileng thata mo Botswana. Go iponela phatlha go ya kwa Sejaneng sa Ditšhabatšhaba sa Aforika sa 2012 ke phitlhelelo e e kwa godimo ya setlhopha sa bosetšhaba go fitlha ga jaana. Metshameko e mengwe e e ratwang ke softball, [[cricket]], tennis, [[rugby]], badminton, [[handball]], golf le mabelo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090114095524/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 &quot;Sparks to fly at Diamond&quot;]. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). 26 January 2006. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 the original] on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003050400/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 &quot;Opinion the Academic World&quot;]. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 the original] on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana ke leloko le le tshwaraganeng le Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Kirikete. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la nna leloko la lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la Badminton le la Africa Badminton Federation ka ngwaga wa 1991. Lekgotla la [[Botswana Golf Union]] le na le liki ya batshameki ba golofo ba ba sa itseng go le kalo e mo go yone batshameki ba golofo ba gaisanang mo dikgaisanyong le mo dikgaisanong tsa bommampodi. Motabogi [[Nijel Amos]] o ne a gapela Botswana setsele sa ntlha sa diolimpiki ka 2012, a tsaya [[selefera]] mo lebelong la dimitara di le 800.

Ka ngwaga wa 2011, [[Amantle Montsho]] o ne a nna [[mmampodi wa lefatshe]] mo lobelong lwa dimitara di le makgolo a mane mme a ikgapela sekgele sa ntlha sa Botswana sa mabelo mo maemong a lefatshe. Motlodi wa high jump [[Kabelo Kgosiemang]] ke [[mmampodi wa Aforika]] makgetlho a le mararo. [[Isaac Makwala]] ke motabogi yo o itsegeng ka dimitara di le 400 yo e neng e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa gauta kwa Metshamekong ya Mafatshe a Selekane ka 2018. [[Baboloki Thebe]] e ne e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa  selefera mo dimitara di le 200 kwa Diolimpiking tsa Basha tsa Selemo tsa 2014 mme o ne a fitlha kwa makgaolakgannyeng kwa 2014 World Junior Championships mo mabelong. [[Ross Branch|Ross Branch Ross]], mokgweetsi wa dithuthuthu, o tshotse maemo a ntlha mo Bommampoding ba Aforika Borwa ba Kgabaganyo ya Lefatshe mme o kile a gaisana kwa [[Dakar Rally]]. [[Letsile Tebogo]] o tlhomile rekoto ya lefatshe ya basha mo dimitara di le 100 ka nako ya 9.94 kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa Mabelo tsa 2022,&lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, George (4 October 2022). [https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html &quot;Teenage sprinter Letsile Tebogo wants to be remembered as an athletics great&quot;]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240701143613/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme, go tloga ka 2024, o na le nako ya boraro e e gaisang mo lefatsheng ya dimitara di le 100 le dimitara di le 300 ya metsotswana e le 30.69.&lt;ref&gt;[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 &quot;Letsile TEBOGO | Profile | World Athletics&quot;]. ''worldathletics.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418081510/https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 Archived] from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phatwe a supa 2021, Botswana e ne ya gapa seetsele sa bronze mo kgaisanong ya Banna ya dimitara di le 4 × 400 kwa Diolimpiking kwa Tokyo. Botswana e nnile setšhaba sa ntlha sa Aforika go tshegetsa Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Basha sa Bolotloa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm &quot;Botswana ready to host Netball World Youth Cup – Xinhua | English.news.cn&quot;]. ''big5.news.cn''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531003008/http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 &quot;Netball World Youth Cup Gaborone 2017 | NWYC2017&quot;]. 22 July 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phatwe a ferabobedi 2024, Letsile Tebogo o ne a gapa seetsele sa gauta wsa ntlha sa Botswana sa Diolimpiki tsa Diolimpiki tsa 2024 kwa Paris morago ga go fetsa mo maemong a ntlha mo [[Makgaolakgang a banna a 200m|makgaolakgannyeng a banna a 200m]], a fetsa ka nako ya metsotswana e le 19.46.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/letsile-tebogo-stuns-american-trio-200m-olympic-gold-paris &quot;Letsile Tebogo stuns American trio for 200m Olympic gold in Paris | NBC Olympics&quot;]. ''www.nbcolympics.com''. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Motshameko wa dikarata wa [[bridge]] o na le balatedi ba ba nonofileng; o ne wa tshamekiwa la ntlha mo Botswana dingwaga di ka nna masome mane tse di fetileng, mme wa gola ka go tuma ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Barutabana ba le bantsi ba dikolo tsa batswakwa ba Borithane ba ne ba ruta motshameko ono ka tsela e e sa rulaganngwang kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa Botswana. Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Bridge (BBF) o tlhomilwe ka 1988. Bridge o ntse o a ratwa mme BBF e na le maloko a a fetang makgolo a ferabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm &quot;Botswana Bridge Federation&quot;]. Botswana National Sports Council. Archived from [http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm the original] on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2007, BBF e ne ya laletsa [[Mokgatlho wa Bridge wa Seesemane]] go tshwara thulaganyo ya go ruta ya beke yotlhe ka Motsheganong 2008.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm &quot;English Bridge Union&quot;]. English Bridge Union. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm Archived] from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Thuto ==
[[Setshwantsho:University of Botswana 20200310.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Sekolo sa legare sa Mmadikolo wa Botswana e supa lefelo la Baithuti]]
[[Setshwantsho:University of Botswana, Library 20200321.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Mo motlobong wa dibuka kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]]]]
Botswana e nnile le kgatelopele mo thutong fa e sale e bona boipuso ka 1966 fa go ne go na le dialogane tsa diyunibesithi di le masome mabedi le bobedi fela mo lefatsheng&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFDionne2016|Dionne 2016]].&lt;/ref&gt; le gape phesente e nnye thata ya baagi e e neng e tsena sekolo se segolwane. Botswana e okeditse seelo sa yone sa batho ba bagolo ba ba itseng go bala le go kwala go tswa go 69% ka 1991 go ya go 83% ka 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;[http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ &quot;UNESCO Institute for Statistics&quot;]. UNESCO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725065836/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ Archived] from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo mafatsheng a Aforika a a kwa borwa jwa Sahara, Botswana e na le nngwe ya dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa go itse go bala le go kwala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/literacy/ &quot;Literacy – The World Factbook&quot;]. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401014237/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/literacy/ Archived] from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2024, 88.5% ya baagi ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ne ba kgona go bala le go kwala mme ba ne ba itse go bala le go kwala ka go latelana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;

[[Lephata la Thuto la Botswana]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130517105334/http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10 &quot;Ministry of Education and Skills Development: Home&quot;]. Moe.gov.bw. 27 July 2011. Archived from [http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10 the original] on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le berekela go tlhoma metlobo ya dibuka mo dikolong tse di potlana ka tirisanommogo le [[African Library Project]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education &quot;Library Partner – Botswana Ministry of Education&quot;]. Africanlibraryproject.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903102928/http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education Archived] from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Puso ya Botswana]] e solofela gore go beeletsa karolo e kgolo ya lotseno lwa bosetšhaba mo thutong go tla dira gore lefatshe le se ka la ikaega thata ka diteemane go tshela mo itsholelong ya yone, mme e se ka ya ikaega thata ka batswakwa go bona badiri ba yone ba ba nang le bokgoni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191627/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA &quot;UNESCO-UNEVOC's Botswana profile&quot;]. UNESCO. Archived from [http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA the original] on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; NPVET ((National Policy on Vocational Education and Training) e simolodisitse melawana e e  tshegetsang thuto ya tiro ya diatla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt; Botswana e beeletsa 21% ya madi a puso e a dirisa mo thutong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;

Ka Firikgong 2006, Botswana e ne ya itsise go tsenngwa gape ga dituediso tsa sekolo morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa thuto ya mahala ya puso,&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4601360.stm &quot;Botswana brings back school fees&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 11 January 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203014610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm Archived] from the original on 3 February 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; le fa puso e santse e tlamela ka dithuso tsa madi a go ithuta ka botlalo le ditshenyegelo tsa go tshela go moagi mongwe le mongwe wa Botswana yo o kwa yunibesithing, e ka tswa e le kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]] kgotsa, fa moithuti a eletsa go tswelela ka thuto e e feletseng e e seyong mo gae, ba neelwa thuso ya madi a go ithuta kwa moseja.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.collegescholarships.org/scholarships/country/botswana.htm &quot;Scholarship Funding to Study in Botswana&quot;]. ''collegescholarships.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240601060607/https://www.collegescholarships.org/scholarships/country/botswana.htm Archived] from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsa maranyane ===
[[Setshwantsho:Lady Physicist.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Physicist mo laboratoring kwa [[Botswana International University of Science and Technology]]]]
Ka 2015, Botswana e ne ya rulaganya go dirisa tsa maranyane go kabakanya itsholelo ya yone mme ka jalo e fokotse go ikaega ga yone ka meepo ya diteemane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 546–547. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1|978-92-3-100129-1]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170322210919/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana e phatlaladitse ''Melawana ya yone ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane'' ka 2011, mo teng ga porojeke ya UNESCO e e tshegediwang ke Setheo sa Spain sa Tirisanommogo le Tlhabololo ya Boditšhabatšhaba (AECID). Melawana e e tlhamilwe mo ditokomaneng tsa togamaano tse di akaretsang ''Leano la Bosetšhaba la Tlhabololo la Botswana la 2016'' le ''Tebelopele ya 2016''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; ''Melawana ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane'' (2011) e beile seelo sa go tlhatlosa ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa selegae mo [[Dipatlisiso le ditlhabololo|dipatlisisong le tlhabololong]] (R&amp;D) go tswa go 0.26% ya GDP ka 2012 go ya go feta 2% ya GDP ka 2016. Seelo se se ka fitlhelelwa fela mo nakong e e beilweng ka go tlhatlosa tiriso ya madi a setšhaba mo R&amp;D.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Botswana e na le nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa babatlisisi mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara: makgolo a mararo le masome a mane le bone mo baaging ba le sedikadike (ka dipalo tsa ditlhogo), fa go bapisiwa le palogare ya masome a ferabongwe le motso mo baaging ba le sedikadike ba kontinentepotlana ka 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Botswana e ne e le mo maemong a bo masome a ferabobedi le bosupa mo [[Global Innovation Index]] ka 2024.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:World_Intellectual_Property_Organization|World Intellectual Property Organization]] (2024). ''[https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship]''. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 18. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.34667/tind.50062|10.34667/tind.50062]]. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 2009, kompone e e kwa Botswana ya Deaftronics e ne ya simolola sedirisiwa se se thusang go utlwa se se dirisang maatla a letsatsi morago ga dingwaga di le thataro se ntse se dira sekao sa sone. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, Deaftronics e setse e rekisitse didirisiwa tse di fetang dikete tse lesome tse di thusang go utlwa. Sediriswa sengwe le sengwe se se thusang go utlwa se tlhwatlhwa ya $100 se le sengwe, se akaretsa dibeteri di le nne tse di tšhajiwang (tse di tsayang dingwaga di le tharo) le tšhajara ya letsatsi e e dirisiwang mo go tsone. Sedirisiwa se ga se ture fa se bapisiwa le didirisiwa tse dintsi tse di tshwanang, tse di ka simololang ka bokana ka $600.&lt;ref&gt;[https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/ &quot;Botswana's hearing aid pioneers are betting on solar power to go global&quot;]. ''Quartz Africa''. 6 July 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205421/https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana &quot;Solar Powered Hearing Aids, Botswana&quot;]. ''deutschland.de''. 2 June 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205130/https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2011, Lephata la Botswana la Dipatlisiso tsa Temo-thuo (DAR) le ne la ntsha dikgomo tsa Musi, tse di diretsweng go tokafatsa boleng jwa nama ya kgomo. Jaaka motswako wa mefuta ya [[Kgomo ya Tswana|Tswana]], [[Bonsmara]], [[Brahman]], [[Tuli]] le [[Simmental]],&lt;ref&gt;Kgathileng, Tebogo (27 July 2015). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/21751 &quot;Dept pleads for marketing of Musi&quot;]. ''Botswana Daily News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124011303/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=21751 Archived] from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; go solofelwa gore motswako o tla lebisa kwa go ntsheng nama ya kgomo e e oketsegileng.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=166&amp;dir=2011%2FSeptember%2FThursday8%2F &quot;Hardy breed named Musi at unveiling&quot;]. ''mmegi.bw''. 6 August 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013727/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=166&amp;dir=2011/September/Thursday8/ Archived] from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Setheo sa Botswana sa Dipatlisiso le Boitshimololedi sa Maranyane (BITRI) se ne sa tlhama sedirisiwa sa go tlhatlhoba [[bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo]] ka bonako ka tirisanommogo le Setheo sa Mekento sa Botswana le Setheo sa Tlhatlhobo ya Dijo sa Canada. Sediriswa se se tlhamilweng kwa Botswana se dira gore go kgonege go tlhatlhoba bolwetse mo lefelong.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html &quot;BITRI Develops Rapid Foot and Mouth Disease Test Kit&quot;]. ''rapidmicromethods.com''. 20 December 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013809/http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html?m=1 Archived] from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Thulaganyo ya [[Square Kilometre Array]] (SKA) ([[MeerKAT]]) e na le dijana le dieriele di le diketekete tse di anameng mo dikgaolong tse dikgolo tse di golagantsweng mmogo go bopa thelesekoupo e le nngwe e kgolo. Dijana tse dingwe di tlaa bo di le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe a robabobedi a Aforika, Botswana e le gareng ga tsone. Botswana e ne ya tlhophiwa go tsaya karolo ka ntlha ya lefelo la yone le le siameng mo lobopong le le kwa borwa le mo tikologong, e leng se se ka kgontshang go kokoanya tshedimosetso bonolo go tswa mo lobopong. Puso ya Botswana e agile thelesekoupo ya SKA ya pele kwa Kgale View, e leng Mafaratlhatlha a Aforika a Ditlhatlhobo tsa Mola o Moleele Thata (AVN). E ne ya romela baithuti go bona dithuso tsa thuto ya bolepadinaledi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/10829 &quot;Botswana takes part in revolutionary mission&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124005832/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?nid=10829&amp;flag= Archived] from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:BOTSAT-1 Satellite.png|thumb|200x200px|BOTSAT-1 Satellite]]
Lefatshe la Botswana le simolodisitse lenaneo la lone la dingwaga tse tharo la go aga le go simolodisa Satellite, Botswana Satellite Technology (Sat-1 Project) kwa Gaborone kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi 2020, e e simolodisitsweng go dirisiwa rokete ya SpaceX kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le botlhano.  [[Botswana International University of Science and Technolog|Botswana International University of Science and Technology]] (BIUST) e ne ya etelela pele tlhabololo ya sathalaete, ka tshegetso ya setegeniki go tswa go balekane ba bangwe, mme ke sathalaete ya 3U hyperspectral Earth Observation. Sathalaete e ikaeletse go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ya go ela tlhoko tikologo, temothuo e e nepagetseng, thulaganyo ya ditoropo, le taolo ya dibetso tsa tlholego.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/60276 &quot;Satellite technology development giant leap&quot;]. ''Botswana Daily News''. 20 December 2020. Archived from [http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant the original] on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Africa, Space in (23 December 2020). [https://africanews.space/botswana-launches-national-space-program/ &quot;Botswana Launches National Space Program&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210102034103/https://africanews.space/botswana-launches-national-space-program/ Archived] from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2016, mo [[lekaleaneng la IT]], Almaz o ne a bula kompone ya ntlha ya go kopanya dikhomphiutara.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013902/http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant &quot;Botswana opens first tech assembly plant&quot;]. ''itwebafrica.com''. Archived from [http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant the original] on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205218/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html &quot;Almaz enters Botswana ICT sector&quot;]. ''The Patriot''. Archived from [http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html the original] on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditec, e leng kompone ya Botswana, le yone e dira megalayaletheka, e di tlhama le go di dira ka tsela e e rileng. Ditec e dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go dira gore didirisiwa tse di tsamaisiwang ke Microsoft di bereke ka pharologanyo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/ &quot;Youth Company Shines With Their Locally Made Ditec Pioneer Phone&quot;]. ''botswanayouth.com''. 5 August 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205346/http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabongwe 2021, bamaranyane kwa Laboratoring ya Tshupetso ya HIV ya Botswana Harvard (BHHRL) ba ne ba ribolola la ntlha mofuta wa Omicron wa [[COVID-19]], kwa ntlheng o ne o bidiwa B.1.1.529 mme morago ga moo wa bidiwa &quot;Omicron&quot;, mme ya nna lefatshe la ntlha mo lefatsheng go ribolola mofuta oo. Fa e sa le ka tshimologo ya 2021, ba ribolotse disampole di ka nna dikete tse pedi le makgolo mararo tse di nang le mogare wa SARS-CoV-2 ka tatelano ya tshika. Go ya ka Dr. Gaseitsiwe, dithomelo tsa tatelano ya tshika tsa Botswana kwa GISAID di gareng ga tse di kwa godimo thata mo kgaolong ya Aforika go ya ka tlhogo ya motho, di lekana le moagisane wa lone wa Aforika Borwa yo o nang le ditsompelo tse dintsi. Setheo sa Botswana sa Harvard sa AIDS sa Tirisanommogo (BHP) se ne sa agiwa ka 2003, dingwaga di le pedi morago ga gore mokgatlho o o akaretsang o bule BHHRL, e leng laboratori ya sone ya patlisiso ya HIV e e agilweng ka maikaelelo e e neng e le nngwe ya tsa ntlha mo kontinenteng.&lt;ref&gt;Flood, Zoe (14 December 2021). [https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/inside-the-botswana-lab-that-discovered-omicron &quot;Inside the Botswana lab that discovered Omicron&quot;]. Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211214111713/http://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/inside-the-botswana-lab-that-discovered-omicron Archived] from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe ==

* [[Moalo wa Botswana]]
* [[Lenaane la ditlhamo ka ga Botswana]]

==Metswedi==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons|Botswana}}

{{Africa topic}}
[[Karolo:Botswana| ]]</text>
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    <title>Dipalamo tsa lefatshe la Botswana</title>
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[[File:Botswana map.png|thumb|right|200px|Map of Botswana]]
E ntswa lefatshe la Botswana le nna le batho ba bannye e bile le sena dipula tse dikalokalo le kgonne go tlhabolola itsholelo ya lone. Ditsela tse di kopanyang metse megolo le dikgaolo tsotlhe di tshetswe sekontere,mme ya Trans-Kalahari Highway e e kopanyang lefatshe leno le la Namibia ko Walvis.

==Diporo==
Lefatshe la Botswana le nna le diporo tsa boleele jwa dikhilometara di le makgolo a ferabobedi,masome a ferabobedi le boferabobedi go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2002,mme e bile di tsamaela ditoropong di le mmalwa gape di kopanya lefatshe leno le a a mabapi.

=== Diporo tse di yang mafatsheng a a mabapi ===
Lefatshe la Botswana le nna le diporo tse tshwaraneng le tsa mafatshe a Zimbabwe le Aforika-Borwa. Le ntswa go nne go solofetswe go bulwa ga  seporo sa motlakase ka ngwaga wa 2006,se se yang Lüderitz kwa lefatsheng la Namibia go isa magala,ga gona seporo se tlhamalalelang kwa lefatsheng la Namibia mme go nna le se se fetang ka lefatshe la Aforika-Borwa.

Go nne ga nna le kgang ya go bula seporo se se ntšha fa gare ga lefatshe la Botswana le la Zambia,se feta ka lefatshe la Zimbabwe ka rre Andrew Lunga yo e leng mookamedi wa kompone ya Botswana Railways. Seporo se ne se solofatswe go feta kwa borwabophirimsa go tswa Livingstone,se feta ka Zambesi,se bo se tswelelela kwa marakanelong a a ntseng a le teng a Mosetse. Mme e ne yare morago ga kgang e ya ga rre Lunga,kompone ya la latlhegelwa ke diterena ka bokete jo bo kwa godimo bo bo nne jwa latelelwa ke go bulwa ga seporo sa Beitbridge-Bulawayo se se ileng sa dira gore dipalo tsa bapalame le  dithoto go fokotsege go tswa ko sedikeng le sekete ka ngwaga go ya go dikete di le lekgolo le masome matlhano ka ngwaga.  Seemo sa itsholelo ya lefatshe la Zimbabwe ga gakatsa seemo ka go ile ga fokotsa go tsamaya ga diterena ka phuthologo.  Seropo se rre Lunga a nneng a kaile se ile sa nna sone se kopanyang mafatshe a Aforika-Borwa, Zambia and le la Democratic Republic of Congo.

=== Ditoropo tse di nnang le diterena tse di yang kwa go tsone ===
Mesepele yotlhe ya diterena tsa batho e ile ya emiswa mo lefatsheng la Botswana,mme ga sala se di yang mafatsheng a sele tse di kopang le sa lefatshe la Zimbabwe go tswa Francistown,se e leng sone se se mo tirisong fela. Diterena tsa dithoto di santse di le mo tirisong tsone. Tse di latelang ke mafelo a a kileng a bo a na le diterena tsa batho go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 2009,kgwedi ya Motsheganong. 

* Ramatlhabama, [[Aferika Borwa|South Africa]] yo e leng molelwane wa lefatshe la Botswana le la Aforika-borwa
* [[Lobatse|Lobatse]]
* [[Gaborone|Gaborone]] - motse-mogolo wa lefatshe leno
* [[Palapye|Palapye]] - makaranelo a diporo tse di rorang magala
* Serule -marakanelo a diporo
* [[Francistown|Francistown]]
* Ramokgwebana - yo o kopanetseng molelwane le lefatshe la zimbabwe
* [[Palapye|Palapye]] - marakanelo a diporo
* Morupule - maemelo a diterena
* Serule - marakanelo a diporo
* Selibe Phikwe -maemelo a diterena
* [[Francistown|Francistown]] -marakanelo a diporo
* Sowa - maemelo a diterena

==Ditsela==
Lefatshe la Botswana le nna le ditsela di le dikete di le lesome,makgola a mabedi le lesome le bosupa,mme ebile mo go tsone di le dikete tse matlhano,makgolo a marataro le masome mabedi di tshetswe sekontere. E sale go tloga ka dikabelelo tsa ngwaga wa 1996,go na le phokotsego mo dipalong tsa ditsela tse di sa tshelwang sekontere.Go tlhoga ka ngwaga wa 1996 go fitlha ka 1999 dipalo tsa ditsela tse di sa tshelwang sekontere di ile tsa fokotsega go tswa kwa dikhilometareng tse dikete tse lesome le bone,lekgolo le masome mararo le boferabongwe go ya go dikete tse nne,makgolo a matlhano le masome a ferabongwe le bosupa. 

==Maemelo a difofane==
Go nne go nna le kabelelo ya gore go nna le maemelo a difofane a le masome a ferabobedi le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme di le lesome di tshetswe sekontere,se e ne le ka ngwaga wa 2005. Kompone ya Air Botswana e e leng ya goromente ke yone e okametseng difofane tse di yang Francistown, Gaborone, Maun le Selebi-Phikwe. Go nna le difofane tse di yang ditoropong tsa  mafatsheng a sele jaaka Johannesburg kwa Aforika-Borwa; Mbabane kwa Swaziland; le Harare kwa Zimbabwe. Go nna le maemelo a mantšha gaufi le toropo ya Gaborone e e butsweng ka ngwaga wa 1984. Dipalo tsa bapalami ba difofane ba ba neng ba tsena ba bo ba tswa mo lefatsheng la Botswana e ne le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a ferabobedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2003.

== Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle ==
* [http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/botswana.pdf UN Map of Botswana]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130129090530/http://www.airbotswana.co.uk/ Air Botswana UK - The national airline of Botswana]

== Tse di latelang ke tse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso e e kwadilweng fa ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Botswana}}

[[Category:Transport in Botswana]]
[[Category:Botswana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gweta</title>
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      <text bytes="5491" sha1="dynem80xgnyd0u4rk27iiml2dvtixq7" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Chabolas en Gweta, Botsuana, 2018-07-30, DD 52.jpg|thumb|250px|Matlo mo Gweta]]
'''Gweta''' ke motsana mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]]. O sekgala sa dikhilomithara tse di makgolo mabedi le botlhano (lekgolo le makgolo mabedi le bosupa a sekgala) go tswa mo [[Maun]] le sekgala sa lekgolo sa dikhilomithara (sekgala sa masome a marataro le mabedi) go tswa [[Nata]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.botswana-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=809 &quot;Gweta - Botswana Travel Guide&quot;]. ''www.botswana-travel-guide.com''. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tlhatlhobo ya ditsatlholego ==
Go tswa golowe Makgadikgadi Pans a kaiwa le kgoro e go tsenwang ka yone go tswa kwa motseng wa Gweta, leina Gweta le tserwe mo modumo o dirwang ke digogwane tse di tona tse di fitlhelwang mo motlhabeng go fitlhela nako ya dipula e fitlha e bo ele gone di tswang go atolosa boleteng jwa tsone.&lt;ref&gt;Paxton, Bronwyn (20 September 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240520213945/https://www.africanoverlandtours.com/countries-in-africa/gweta/ &quot;Gweta, Botswana&quot;.] ''Africa Tours &amp; Safaris Packages | African Overland Tours''. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Iwanowski, Michael (2010). ''[https://books.google.de/books?id=lXfP-vAMnj8C&amp;pg=PT301&amp;lpg=PT301&amp;dq=Gweta+frogs&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=9cxNhtzQ6a&amp;sig=zgdvrbvSgmx74VFaWoF-Nu9TSWU&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjHhLzgi7zNAhWKsxQKHX76AkIQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&amp;q=Gweta%20frogs&amp;f=false Botswana - Okavango &amp; Victoriafälle]'' (in German). Iwanowski. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-933041-71-5|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-3-933041-71-5&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Diphologolo ==
Kgolo ya Makgadikgadi Pans e tona go feta [[Switzerland]]. Pele e kile ya bo ele noka e tona e tlatsweng ke lewatle, Makgadikgadi Pans mo bo gompeinong go o kgadile mme go fitlhelwa letswai teng.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.senseofafrica.com/the-magic-of-the-makgadikgadi-pans/ The Magic of the Makgadikgadi Pans&quot;]. ''Sense of Africa''. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Dikgaphatana tsa letswai di gasame le didirisiwa tsa matlapa le didirisiwa tsa bogologolo   go tswa magareng ya dikete tse pedi  le dikete tse tlhano tsa dingwaga di ntse dile teng. Ka nako e ne ele nako e nneng go le metsi 35-75,000 a dipitsi tsa naga le diphologolo tse dingwe tsa naga di ile tsa fudusetswa  kwa lefelong le le nna ditau, le nkwe le diphatana tse dingw tse di latelang motlhala wa di nkwe tse le ditau. Piti ya naga le phologolo e itseng ka leina ka [[wildebeest]] di ile tsa fudusetswa go ralala dikgaphatana tsa botlhaba jwa Aferika ele tsone dipitse tsa naga le di [[wildebeest]] tse di tshidileng mo phudusong  ya tsone e bile ele tsone tse dile maemo a bobedi ka botona lefatshe ka bophara. Makgolo a dikete a phologotswana ya mmamoleyane go tlhagelela go ja fa go nale metsi a setseng.Dikgapha tse ke dineela ruri tse di fitlhelwang kwa sekakeng go tshwana le phologolo e bitswang [[meerkat]] le phiri e tshetlha, eleng tsone tse di leng tse tse di jang nama tsa boraro mo thulanganyo ya diphologolo tse di jang nama lefatshe ka bophara.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Gweta#cite_note-6|&quot;Makgadikgadi &amp; Nxai Pan National Parks - Africa and Beyond&quot;.]] ''www.africaandbeyond.co.uk''. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mephane ==
Mo lefelong le le dikologang Gweta go nale mafelo a tshomarelo a lefatshe kwa go fitlhelwang ditlhare tsa [[mophane]].Ditlhare tsa mophane tse di tala di fitlhelwa sekgala sa masome mabedi le bosupa a dikhilomithara kwa botlhaba jwa Gweta kwa go kwadilweng ke batsomi le barekisi ba dingwaga tse di lesome ke boferabone tse di fetileng e bong Frederick Thomas Green le Hendrik Matthys van Zyl le batho ba bangwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.discoverafrica.com/safaris/botswana/the-historic-baobabs-in-botswana/ &quot;The Historic Baobabs in Botswana&quot;.] ''Discover Africa''. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sekgala sa dikhilomithara tse di lesome le bongwe kgakala kwa botlhaba jwa ditlhare tse di tala tsa mophane tse di fitlhelwang morago ga go feta setlhare sa mophane se se bidilwang Chapman se se teeletsweng ka motsomi wa lefatshe la [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]] James Chapman, se se naleng bophara jwa masome mabedi le botlhano mo ditsong le tswa jaaka kganya ya ditsela.&lt;ref&gt;[https://africageographic.com/stories/brief-history-chapmans-baobab/ &quot;Chapman's Baobab has fallen down&quot;]. ''Africa Geographic''. 13 April 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Geraghty, Nina (21 April 2014). [https://baobabfoundation.co.za/famous-baobabs-chapmans-baobab/ &quot;Famous Baobabs: Chapman's Baobab&quot;.] ''Baobab Foundation''. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ke lefelo le le fitlhelwang nne le dirisiwa ele poso ke bafiti ka tsela, barekisi le baeti, bontsi jwa bone ba tlogela mekwalo mo thitong ya ditlhare tse. Ka kgwedi ya Herikgong e lhola ga supa ka ngwaga wa 2016, setlhare sa ga Chapman sa mophane ke fa se wela fatshe.&lt;ref&gt;Geraghty, Nina (21 April 2014). [https://baobabfoundation.co.za/famous-baobabs-chapmans-baobab/ &quot;Famous Baobabs: Chapman's Baobab&quot;. ''Baobab Foundation''.] Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Geraghty, Nina (21 April 2014). [https://baobabfoundation.co.za/famous-baobabs-chapmans-baobab/ &quot;Famous Baobabs: Chapman's Baobab&quot;.] Baobab Foundation. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;Go santse go ise go tsepame gore ke eng se se bakileng gore setlhare sa Mophane sa Chapman se wele fatshe le gore setlhare se se santse se tshela.&lt;ref&gt;Thom, Jamie (12 January 2016). [https://www.botswanasafaricompany.com/single-post/2016-1-7-chapmans-baobab-falls &quot;Chapman's Baobab falls&quot;]. Botswana Safari Co. Retrieved 20 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==
[[Category:Botswana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ian Khama Seretse Khama</title>
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      <text bytes="37935" sha1="8nxfsbqaganxncxbkvr1yqgbno183jz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[His Excellency]]
| name                = Ian Khama
| office              = 4th [[President of Botswana]]
| image               = Ian Khama (2014) (cropped) (cropped).jpg
| predecessor         = [[Festus Mogae]]
| successor           = [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]
| vicepresident       = [[Mompati Merafhe]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]
| party               = [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] {{small|(since 2019)}}
| otherparty          = [[Botswana Democratic Party]] {{small|(until 2019)}}
| office1             = 5th [[Vice-President of Botswana|Vice President of Botswana]]
| predecessor1        = [[Festus Mogae]]
| president1          = [[Festus Mogae]]
| successor1          = [[Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe]]
| birth_name          = Ian Seretse Khama
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1953|02|27|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Chertsey]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| parents             = [[Seretse Khama]] {{small|(father)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams]] {{small|(mother)}}
| alma_mater          = [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]
| allegiance          = {{flag|Botswana}}
| serviceyears        = 1977–1998
| rank                = [[Botswana military ranks and insignia|Lieutenant General]]
| commands            = [[Botswana Defence Force]]
| term_start          = 1 April 2008
| term_end            = 1 April 2018
| term_start1         = 13 July 1998
| term_end1           = 1 April 2008
}}
'''Ian Khama Seretse Khama'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=57671&amp;dir=2016/february/11 &quot;President Khama has a new official name&quot;]. ''[[:en:Mmegi_Online|Mmegi Online]]''. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; (o tshotswe ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bosupa 1953&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pretorianews.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=4330211 &quot;True to tradition, Khama is born to rule Botswana&quot;], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapa-AFP&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1 Sapa-AFP] (''[[:en:Pretoria_News|Pretoria News]]''), 1 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; ko Chertsey, Surrey, United Kingdom) ke [[Tautona wa Botswana|tautona]] wa bone ya lefatshe la [[Botswana]] go tloga ka Moranang a rogwa 2008 go fitlha ka Moranang a rogwa 2018, gape ke kgosikgolo ya [[bangwato]]. Ke ngwana wa ntlha wa tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana, [[Sir Seretse Khama]] le mme [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Khama]]. 

Fa a a sena go rola marapo kwa sesoleng, ko a neng e le molaodi wa [[Botswana Defence Force|sesole sa botswana]] (BDF), Ian khama o ne a tsena mo dipolotiking mme a nna [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa-Tautona wa Botswana]] go tloga ka 1998 go fitlha ka 2008, morago a tlhatlhama [[Festus Mogae]] jaaka tautona ka Moranang a rogwa 2008. O fentse paka e e tletseng mo [[Ditlhopho tsa 2009|ditlhophong tsa 2009]] mme a tlhophiwa gape ka Phalane 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210416093446/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/he-lt-general-seretse-khama-ian-khama &quot;H.E. Lt General Serêtsê Khama Ian Khama | The AAS&quot;]. ''www.aasciences.africa''. Archived from [https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/he-lt-general-seretse-khama-ian-khama the original] on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa pele ==
Ian Khama ke ngwana wa bobedi wa ga [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]] (Phukwi a rogwa 1921 – Phukwi a le lesome boraro 1980), moeteledipele yo o kwa pele wa boipuso jwa Botswana le [[Tautona wa Botswana|tautona]] wa lone go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1980, le [[Ruth Williams Khama|Lady Khama]]. O tsholetswe kwa [[Chertsey]], [[Surrey]], fa rraagwe a ne a ile lejwa kwa [[United Kingdom]], ka ntlha ya kganetso ya puso ya bokolone le puso ya [[Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa|tlhaolele]] ya [[Aforika Borwa]] mo [[lenyalong la gagwe le mosadi wa mosweu]].&lt;ref&gt;Arnold, Guy (29 May 2002). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/29/guardianobituaries &quot;Obituary: Lady Ruth Khama&quot;]. ''The Guardian''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Gape ke ngwana-wa-ngwana wa ga [[Sekgoma II]] (1869–1925), yo e neng e le kgosikgolo ya morafe wa [[Bangwato|Bamangwato]], le kokomane ya ga [[Khama III]] (1837–1923), kgosi ya bone. Rraagwemogologolwane Kgosikgolo [[Sekgoma I]] e ne e le Kgosi ya morafe wa Bamangwato (1815–1885). Leina &quot;Seretse&quot; le raya “letsopa le le bofaganyang”, mme le ne la fiwa rraagwe go keteka poelano ya bosheng ya ga rraagwe le rraagwemogolo; poelano eno e ne ya netefaletsa tlhatlogo ya ga Seretse Khama mo setilong sa bogosi fa rraagwe yo o tsofetseng a ne a tlhokafala ka 1925. Ian Seretse Khama o reeletswe ka rraagwe go tsweletsa boswa joo jwa ditso. Gape o itsege fela ka leina la Ian Khama go mo farologanya le rraagwe. [[Tshekedi Khama II]], morwarraagwe Ian Khama, o ne a bidiwa ka malomaabone yo mogolo, [[Tshekedi Khama]] yo e neng e le moeteledipele le motlhokomedi wa ga [[Seretse Khama]], tautona wa ntlha wa [[Botswana]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/president-seretse-khama &quot;President Seretse Khama | South African History Online&quot;]. ''www.sahistory.org.za''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Thuto le tiro ya bosole ==
Ian Khama o rutetswe kwa [[Waterford Kamhlaba]], e leng [[Kholetšhe ya Lefatshe e e Kopaneng]] kwa [[Mbabane]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414133341/http://www.waterford.sz/information/waterford_kamhlaba_background/ &quot;Waterford Kamhlaba Background&quot;]. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le kwa [[Sekolong sa Sesole sa Bogosi sa Sandhurst]].&lt;ref&gt;Gordon Bell [http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=68&amp;art_id=nw20080330125727131C535360 &quot;Botswana's leader to keep winning formula&quot;], Reuters (''IOL''), 30 March 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Ke mokgweetsi wa sefofane yo o tlhomameng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sundaystandard.info/inside-how-khamaocos-love-for-flying-took-away-botswanaocos-innocence/ &quot;Inside how Khama's love for flying took away Botswana's innocence | Sunday Standard&quot;]. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Moranang 1977, Khama o ne a tlhongwa go nna brigadier general wa sesole a le dingwaga di le masome mabedi le bone ka nako ya Botautona jwa ga [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], mme seo sa dira gore e nne Mothusa Molaodi wa ga Mothusa-Tautona wa pele moswi [[Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe|Lt. Gen. Mompati Merafhe]]. Moragonyana o ne a dira jaaka Molaodi wa [[Botswana Defence Force|Sesole sa Botswana]] (BDF) go tloga fa a tlhomiwa ka 1989, a rola tiro mo maemong ao ka 1998. Ka nako eo, Khama o ne a amogela ditlotla tsa sesole, go akaretsa le Sekgele sa Modiredi wa Mothei ka ntlha ya go nna karolo ya Sesole sa Botswana fa se ne se tlhamiwa ka 1998, Duty Code Order sa boineelo mo tirong, Seetsele sa Tirelo e e Tlotlegang ka 1997 morago ga dingwaga di le masome mabedi tsa tirelo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.weekendpost.co.bw/18290/news/khama-barred-from-using-bdf-facilities/ &quot;Khama barred from using BDF facilities&quot;]. ''[[Botswana Weekend Post]]''. 24 June 2019. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya sepolotiki ==
[[Setshwantsho:Khama Bachelet 2017.png|thumb|Khama ka nako ya loeto lwa puso kwa Chile ka 2017|210x210px]]Khama, a direla jaaka Molaodi wa [[Botswana Defence Force|Sesole sa Botswana]], o ne a itsise ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le borataro 1997 gore o tla tlogela tiro ya gagwe ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso 1998. Ka letsatsi leo e ne e le lone letsatsi le le neng le rulagantswe go rola tiro ga ga Tautona [[Quett Masire]], le ne la tlhotlheletsa dikakanyetso tsa sepolotiki ka ga Khama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Botswana: Army commander announces he will retire at end of March 1998&quot;, SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 18 December 1997.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Moranang a rogwa 1998, fa Mothusa Tautona [[Festus Mogae]] a ne a tlhatlhama Masire go nna tautona, Khama o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mothusa tautona yo mosha. Le fa go ntse jalo, Khama o ne a sa tshware setilo mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]], mme ka jalo o ne a sa kgone go nna mothusatautona ka bonako. Mo tshimologong ya Phukwi 1998 o ne a fenya [[ditlhopho tsa poeletso]] kwa Serowe Bokone, a amogela ditlhopho di le 2,986 kgatlhanong le ditalama di le masome a ferabongwe le borataro tsa ntlhopheng wa lekoko la kganetso la [[Botswana National Front]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Botswana: Ian Khama wins by-election and can therefore be vice-president&quot;, SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 6 July 1998.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phukwi a le lesome le boraro, o ne a nna mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba mme a ikanisiwa jaaka mothusa tautona.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Botswana: Ian Khama takes parliamentary seat, sworn in as vice-president&quot;, SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 13 July 1998.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ditiro tse, o ne a latlha ka katlego bogosi jwa gagwe jwa boswa jo a neng a sa bo batlele go fitlha ga jaana, jaaka fa dikgosi tsa molaomotheo tsa [[Botswana]] wa segompieno di thibetswe semolao go tsaya karolo ka tlhagafalo mo dipolotiking tsa lekoko. Bamangwato ba le bantsi ba setso ba ne ba tswelela go mo lemoga jaaka kgosi ya bone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7325400.stm &quot;Botswana's new high flyer&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC|BBC]]''. 2 April 2008. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Morago ga phenyo ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) mo [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa Phalane 1999|ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa Phalane 1999]], Khama o ne a nna mothusa tautona mmogo le Tona ya Merero ya ga Tautona le Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba.&lt;ref&gt;Ernest Chilisa, [http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=84&amp;art_id=ct19991022203723103B320924 &quot;Major shake-up after Botswana poll&quot;], ''Saturday Star'' (''IOL''), 22 October 1999.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Botswana: President Mogae appoints new cabinet&quot;, Radio Botswana (nl.newsbank.com), 21 October 1999.&lt;/ref&gt; Mogae o ne a naya Khama malatsi a boikhutso a ngwaga o le mongwe moragonyana mo ngwageng o o,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Botswana: President Mogae faces court action&quot;, PANA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 23 December 1999.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;Botswana: Vice-president's year-long sabbatical leave criticized&quot;, PANA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 3 January 2000.&lt;/ref&gt; tshwetso e lekoko la kganetso la [[Botswana Congress Party]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; le Lekgotla la Botswana la Mekgatlho e e seng ya Puso di neng tsa e kgala ka bogale. Boikhutso jwa ga Khama e ne ya simolola Firikgong a rogwa ka 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; O ne a boela kwa ditirong tsa gagwe jaaka mothusa tautona ka Lwetse a rogwa 2000, le fa a ne a emisediwa ka Tona ya Merero ya ga Tautona le Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba ka nako eo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Botswana: Vice-president &quot;resumes duty&quot;; cabinet reshuffle reported&quot;, Radio Botswana (nl.newsbank.com), 30 August 2000.&lt;/ref&gt;

Khama, yo o neng a setse a le leloko la Komiti ya Khuduthamaga ya BDP,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=44427 &quot;BOTSWANA: Feature – leadership contest may test stability&quot;], IRIN, 19 June 2003.&lt;/ref&gt; o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Modulasetilo wa BDP ka Phukwi a le masome mabedi le bobedi 2003 kwa kokoanong ya lekoko; o ne a fenya modulasetilo wa pele, [[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], a bona ditlhopho di le makgolo a matlhano le lesome le bobedi kgatlhanong le di le makgolo mabedi le lesome le boferabongwe tsa ga Kedikilwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=45114 &quot;BOTSWANA: Khama win eases Mogae's concerns&quot;], IRIN, 23 July 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Botswana: Vice-president wins ruling party chairmanship&quot;, ''Business Day'', Johannesburg (nl.newsbank.com), 22 July 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;USA, IBP (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0T2zDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=receiving+512+votes+against+219+for+Kedikilwe.&amp;pg=PA40 Botswana Investment and Business Guide: Strategic Information and Laws]''. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4387-6717-8.&lt;/ref&gt; Khama o ne a tshegeditswe ke Tautona Mogae mo maemong ano,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Botswana: President Mogae defends decision to back Khama for party chairmanship&quot;, Radio Botswana (nl.newsbank.com), 19 June 2003.&lt;/ref&gt; se se bulela Khama tsela ya gore kgabagare a te a tlhatlhame Mogae jaaka tautona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Ka 2007, Khama o ne a tlhagelela mo thelebišeneng ya Borithane mo thulaganyong ya [[BBC]] ya ''[[Top Gear]]'' ya dikoloi, a kopana le bagasi fa ba ne ba ipaakanyetsa go kgabaganya [[Makgadikgadi Pan]] kwa bokone jwa Botswana ka koloi go ya go bona ''[[Top Gear: Botswana Special]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Top_Gear:_Botswana_Special|Top Gear: Botswana Special]], [[:en:Top_Gear_(2002_TV_series)|Top Gear]] Series 10, episode 4, BBC, broadcast 4 November 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botautona ==

=== Paka ya nakwana, 2008–2009 ===
Mogae o ne a fologa setilo, jaaka a ne a sa bolo go bolela gore o tla dira jalo,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=84&amp;art_id=nw20070715145732985C233999 &quot;Botswana's Mogae set to retire&quot;], AFP (''IOL''), 15 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; ka Moranang a rogwa 2008; Khama o ne a mo tlhatlhama go nna tautona. Kwa moletlong wa gagwe wa go ikanisiwa kwa [[Gaborone]], Khama o ne a bolela gore go tla nna le tsweletso mo melaong mme go se nne le &quot;diphetogo tse di tseneletseng&quot;, le fa a ne a re &quot;phetogo ya mokgwa le go gatelela dikgang di le mmalwa&quot; go ka nna ga bonala, mme a gatelela maitlamo a gagwe mo pusong ya batho ka batho.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=3045&amp;art_id=nw20080401141813169C274076 &quot;New president calms nerves&quot;], AFP (''IOL''), 1 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka bonako fela o ne a dira phetogo e kgolo ya matona, mme a tlhoma [[Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe|Mompati Merafhe]], yo o neng a le Tona ya Merero ya Mafatshe a Sele, go nna mothusa tautona yo mosha.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/2008/April/Wednesday2/129.php &quot;Khama fires five ministers&quot;] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171001212957/http://www.mmegi.bw/2008/April/Wednesday2/129.php Archived] 2017-10-01 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], ''Mmegi Online'', 2 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a sena go nna tautona, Khama o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe ya go nna Modulasetilo wa BDP; Go ne ga tlhophiwa [[Daniel Kwelagobe]] go mo emisetsa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20080408&amp;i=DK_is_BDP_chairman &quot;DK is BDP chairman&quot;], BOPA, 8 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Khama ga a ka a tlhophiwa go nna tautona ngwaga wa gagwe wa ntlha mo setilong, a tlhomilwe ka ntlha ya maemo a gagwe a go nna mothusa tautona. Batshwaedi bangwe ba sepolotiki jaaka [[Kenneth Good]] ba bona e le phoso mo tsamaisong ya ditlhopho mo Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;Good, Kenneth (2008). ''Diamonds, Dispossession and Democracy in Botswana''. London: African Issues.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tautona Khama o ne a tlhalosa pele keletso ya gagwe ya go tsenya lekgetho la bojalwa la 70%,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Pitso, Joseph M. N.; Obot, Isidore S. (2011). &quot;Botswana alcohol policy and the presidential levy controversy&quot;. ''Addiction''. '''106''' (5): 898–905. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03365.x|10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03365.x]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1360-0443 1360-0443]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21477246 21477246].&lt;/ref&gt; le le neng le ikaeletse go lwantsha bothata jwa go nwa bojalwa go feta selekanyo mo Botswana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go ise go ye kae diphelelo tse di mosola tsa lekgetho le le ntseng jalo di ne tsa bonwa di na le ditlamorago tse di kotsi mo lekaleng la go titiela bojalwa, le le neng le gana go tsenngwa ga lekgetho le le ntseng jalo, mmogo le dibara le mafelo a mangwe a go nwa. Moragonyana Tautona o ne a tlhoma lekgetho la 30% morago ga go buisana le baeteledipele ba madirelo, go akaretsa le Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Kgwebo, Madirelo le Maatla a Badiri.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250304230715/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/khama-the-jihadist-who-battled-alcohol/ &quot;Khama, the jihadist who battled alcohol&quot;]. ''Club of Mozambique''. 22 March 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; SAB Miller e ne ya bona boemedi jwa bodipolomate jwa Borithane go leka go fokotsa lekgetho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ft.com/content/dc6381e4-3e90-11de-9a6c-00144feabdc0 &quot;Botswana sobers up&quot;]. ''Financial Times''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2008, Molao wa Badiri ba Bobegadikgang o ne wa fetisiwa go nna molao wa Botswana,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240226132956/https://www.researchictafrica.net/countries/botswana/Media_Practitioners_Act_2008.pdf &quot;Media Practitioners Act, 2008&quot;] (PDF). Parliament of Botswana. 22 December 2008.[permanent dead link]&lt;/ref&gt; mme o ne wa kgalwa ke mafelo a le mmalwa gotwe o kganela puo ka kgololesego.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=80548&amp;dir=2019/april/15 &quot;Mmegi Online :: Media Practitioners Act: MISA disappointed&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. 15 April 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Puo ya molao e batla go rotloetsa maemo a bobegadikgang a seporofešenale. Molao o itshupile o le thata go o diragatsa kgotsa go o tsenya mo tirisong.&lt;ref&gt;Lesemela, Keikantse (29 January 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211203222748/https://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/news/item/3957-pressure-mounts-on-masisi-to-repeal-draconian-media-practitioners-act.html &quot;Pressure mounts on Masisi to repeal draconian Media Practitioners' Act&quot;]. ''Botswana Guardian''. Archived from [http://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/news/item/3957-pressure-mounts-on-masisi-to-repeal-draconian-media-practitioners-act.html the original] on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2009, Khama o ne a tlhagelela mo lenaneong la [[CNN]] la African Voices le le neng la ntsha setshwantsho se se siameng ka ga Khama, mme la bitsa Botswana &quot;kgang ya katlego&quot; ya Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230325074533/https://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/03/05/av.iankhama/index.html &quot;African Voices: Ian Khama&quot;]. ''CNN''.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2009 ===
Mo [[Ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa Botswana tsa 2009|ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa Botswana tsa 2009]], Khama o ne a tlhophiwa mo pakeng ya ntlha mo go tse pedi tsa go nna tautona. Ka sepolotiki, letsholo la ga Khama la ditlhopho le ne le tletse ka dikgotlhang tsa ka fa teng mo lekokong la [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP),&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.times.co.sz/feed/letters/8999-is-multi-party-politics-democracy.txt &quot;Is Multi-Party Politics Democracy?&quot;]. ''Times Of Swaziland''. 6 September 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; le le neng le kgaogane ka tlhamalalo ka ditlhopha tse pedi tse dikgolo, A-Team&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=1122&amp;dir=2010/March/Monday22/ &quot;Mmegi Online :: The BDP split: End of an era?&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. 22 March 2010. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le sa Barata Phati.&lt;ref&gt;Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2014). [[doi:10.2139/ssrn.2497797|&quot;Donor Assistance and Democracy in Botswana&quot;]]. ''SSRN Working Paper Series''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2139/ssrn.2497797|10.2139/ssrn.2497797]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1556-5068 1556-5068]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155532700 155532700].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=1904&amp;dir=2010/April/Friday23 &quot;Mmegi Online :: We are almost there: Barata-Phathi&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. 23 April 2010. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setlhopha sa A-Team se ne se eteletswe pele ke Tautona Khama, Jacob Nkate, tona wa pele wa thuto, le mothusa tautona wa pele moswi [[Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe|Mompati Merafhe]]. Lekoko la Barata Phati le ne le eteletswe pele ke mokwaledi mogolo wa pele wa BDP, Rre [[Daniel Kwelagobe]], yo pele e neng e le modulasetilo wa lekoko leo, moswi [[Gomolemo Motswaledi]], le mothusa tautona wa pele yo o rotseng tiro, Rre [[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], yo o neng a eletsa go tlisa phetolo ya molaomotheo e seng fela mo BDP mme le mo molaomotheong wa lefatshe leo. Mo ditlhophong tsa 2009, Motswaledi, yo o neng a tlogela keletso ya gagwe ya go tsenelela ditlhopho kwa Serowe gore a kgone go bulela morwarraagwe Ian Khama, [[Tshekedi Khama II]] tsela, le ene o ne a kgaphelwa thoko go emela Gaborone fa a ne a sa tseisanye molelo le Tautona Khama.&lt;ref&gt;Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara; Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo (2011). &quot;Limited freedom and intolerance in Botswana&quot;. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''29''' (3): 331–348. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.581501|10.1080/02589001.2011.581501]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153771262 153771262].&lt;/ref&gt; Motswaledi o ne a latlhegelwa ke kgetsi kgatlhanong le Khama fa Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko e ne e atlhola gore tautona o na le tshireletso ya molaomotheo mo dikgetsing ka ntlha ya maemo a gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;Party Systems and Democracy in Africa, Doorenspleet, R., Nijzink, L.&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga tiragalo e, batshwayadiphoso ba ne ba latofatsa Khama ka ditshekamelo tsa bobusaesi; Go feta sephatlo sa Komiti ya bogareng ya BDP ka nako nngwe e ne e ikutlwa gore Khama mo makgetlhong a mantsi o dirile go feta maatla a gagwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260305195355/https://www.sundaystandard.info/khama-reinstates-motswaledi/ &quot;Khama reinstates Motswaled&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. 1 September 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba bangwe, go akaretsa Khama le moemedi wa gagwe wa semolao, ba ne ba re o ne a tsenya kotlhao jaaka karolo ya seabe sa gagwe jaaka tlhogo ya lekoko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Khama o fentse 53.26% ya ditalama, le bontsi jwa manno mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.eisa.org/wep/bot2009presults.htm &quot;EISA Botswana: 2009 National Assembly election results&quot;]. ''www.eisa.org''.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Setlha sa ntlha, 2009–2014 ===
Morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2009, Motswaledi o ne a tswa mo BDP go tlhama lekoko le lengwe la sepolotiki, e leng [[Botswana Movement for Democracy]] (BMD).&lt;ref&gt;Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824 &quot;The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party&quot;]. ''Botswana Journal of African Studies'' (27). PULA – via [[:en:ResearchGate|ResearchGate]].&lt;/ref&gt;[[Setshwantsho:London Conference on The Illegal Wildlife Trade (12498902073).jpg|thumb|Khama kwa Kokoanong ya Kgwebo e e seng kafa Molaong ya Diphologolo tsa Naga kwa Lontone ka 2014.|210x210px]]Khama o ne a tlhoma thibelo ya go tsoma [[ditlou]] ka 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51413420 &quot;Botswana auctions off permits to hunt elephants&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 7 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Loso lwa ga John Kalifatis, yo loso lwa gagwe lo neng lwa felela ka nako ya dipatlisiso tsa go utswa, lo diragetse mo tshimologong ya botautona jwa ga Khama.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;[https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-africa-byo-69629.html &quot;Who murdered Botswana's John Kalafatis&quot;]. ''Bulawayo24 News''.&lt;/ref&gt; Polelo ya mapodisi ka ga Kalifatis e balega jaana: &quot;Moswi, John Kalafatis, o ne a na le lekwalo la go tshwarwa le le ntshitsweng kgatlhanong le ene ka Firikgong a le lesome le bobedi 2009 ka ntlha ya go thuba a tshwere tlhobolo gareng ga tse dingwe. Nako yotlhe, e ne e le motshabi wa tshiamiso.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Mapodisi a a amegang a ne a bolela gore ba ne ba mo tshwara ka phoso ka nako ya fa a ne a tshwarwa mme ba ne ba dira phoso ya go dumela gore o ne a batla go ntsha tlhobolo ka nako ya go thuntshiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200610220632/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage.php?id=4601&amp;dsp=2 &quot;STATE v MOTHOBI AND OTHERS 2011 2 BLR 330 HC&quot;]. ''High Court, Lobatse''. 22 June 2011. Archived from [http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage.php?id=4601&amp;dsp=2 the original] on 10 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Metswedi e mengwe e ganetsa se, mme e bolela fa Kalafatis a bolailwe ke maloko a [[Botswana Defence Force|Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Botswana]].&lt;ref&gt;PIET, BAME (31 March 2017). [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=67880&amp;dir=2017/march/31 &quot;Mmegi Online :: Kalafatis brother demands P16million from govt&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''.&lt;/ref&gt; Maloko a mararo a BDF a a neng a na le maikarabelo a loso lwa ga Kalifatis a ne a bonwa molato wa polao, mme mongwe le mongwe wa bone a atlholelwa dingwaga di le lesome le motso mo kgolegelong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ba amogetse tshwarelo ya ga tautona go tswa go Khama ka 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=763&amp;dir=2012/June/Tuesday5 &quot;Mmegi Online :: Khama frees Kalafatis killers&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. 8 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Se se ne sa bonwa jaaka bosupi ke metswedi mengwe ya gore Khama o ne a na le seabe mo polaong eo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Mmueledi wa mosekisi wa ga Kalifatis o ne a re “Ke eng se a se kgatlhegelang mo basenying bano, re ka se belaele jang gore o ne a na le kgatlhego ya gagwe mo kgetsing eno...?”&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241214035100/https://www.sundaystandard.info/khama-sets-kalafatis-killers-free/ &quot;Khama sets Kalafatis killers free&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. 7 June 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 ===
Mo [[Ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2014|ditlhophong tsa setshaba tsa Botswana tsa 2014]], Khama o ne a fenya paka ya gagwe ya bobedi. Lekoko la gagwe le amogetse 46.45% ya ditalama, le bontsi jwa manno mo [[Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.eisa.org/wep/bot2014results.htm &quot;EISA Botswana: 2014 National Assembly election results&quot;]. ''www.eisa.org''.&lt;/ref&gt; Pele ga ditlhopho, lepolotiki la lekoko la kganetso [[Gomolemo Motswaledi]] o ne a tlhokafala mo thulanong ya dikolo ka Phukwi a le masome mararo ka 2014. Le fa go ne go na le dikakanyetso dingwe tsa gore tiragalo eno e ne e tlhotlhelediwa ke sepolotiki, sepodisi se ne sa swetsa ka gore loso loo e ne e le kotsi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241203150814/https://www.sundaystandard.info/diss-whistleblower-claims-motswaledi-was-assassinated/ &quot;DISS whistleblower claims Motswaledi was assassinated&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. 1 September 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-africa-byo-51431.html &quot;President Khama election rival killed in car accident&quot;]. Bulawayo24 News. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212614/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=13332 &quot;Gomolemo Motswaledi passes on&quot;]. ''Botswana Daily News''. Radio Botswana. 30 July 2014. Archived from [http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=13332 the original] on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-africa-byo-51601.html &quot;Gomolemo Motswaledi killed?&quot;]. ''Bulawayo24''. Bulabayo24. 3 August 2014. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140808072823/http://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/news/971-was-motswaledi-killed.html &quot;Was Gomolemo Motswaledi killed?&quot;]. ''Botswana Guardian''. Botswana Guardian. 3 August 2014. Archived from [http://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/news/971-was-motswaledi-killed.html the original] on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 18 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Setlha sa bobedi, 2014–2018 ===
Ka 2015, Khama o ne a newa dikirii ya bongaka ya tlotlo mo [[Maranyane a sepolotiki|maranyaneng a sepolotiki]] go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Konkuk]] kwa [[Korea Borwa]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.botswanaguardian.co.bw/news/item/1565-dr-ian-khama-the-politics-ofhonorary-degrees.html &quot;Dr Ian Khama; the politics of honorary degrees – Botswana Guardian&quot;]. ''www.botswanaguardian.co.bw''.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a sena go amogela dikirii, sereto sa semmuso sa ga Khama e ne e le &quot;Motlotlegi Tautona Molefetenente Mogenerale Ngaka Seretse Khama Ian Khama&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=57671&amp;dir=2016/february/11 &quot;Mmegi Online :: President Khama has a new official name&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. 11 February 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikakanyo tsa sepolotiki ==
Khama o ne a tsaya kgato e e maatla kgatlhanong le puso ya Zimbabwe, segolobogolo [[Robert Mugabe]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics-khama-idUSKBN1DH1B8 &quot;Botswana's Khama tells Mugabe to go&quot;]. ''Reuters''. 17 November 2017 – via www.reuters.com.&lt;/ref&gt; O dirile jalo ka go gana go amogela puso ntle le fa le go fitlha e akaretsa maloko a mokgatlho wa [[Movement for Democratic Change]] (MDC) o o neng o eteletswe pele ke [[Morgan Tsvangirai]].&lt;ref&gt;Banya, Nelson (14 August 2008). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-zimbabwe-crisis-idUKWEA608420080814 &quot;Khama to boycott summit if no Zimbabwe deal&quot;]. ''Reuters'' – via www.reuters.com.&lt;/ref&gt; Khama gape o ne a kgala kgato ya ga Tautona wa Sudan [[Omar al-Bashir]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Darfur]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200610204521/http://iccnow.org/?mod=newsdetail&amp;news=3368 Article Title]&lt;/ref&gt; mme a nna motshwayadiphoso yo o tlhamaletseng wa dipuso tsa bobusaesi mo Aforika mmogo le Tautona [[Jakaya Kikwete]] wa Tanzania le Tautona [[Levy Mwanawasa]] wa [[Zambia]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240521233945/https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2008/05/liberation-leaders-who-become-tyrants/ &quot;Liberation leaders who become tyrants&quot;]. ''www.thezimbabwean.co''. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Khama o kgadilwe ke batho bangwe ka ntlha ya go tsaya ditshwetso tse di sa siamang, go akaretsa le tautona wa pele [[Quett Masire]], yo o neng a re BDP e tserwe ke batho ba ba batlang ditshono ba ba neng ba batla go solegelwa molemo ke maemo a a kwa godimo a puso.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry. [https://www.academia.edu/33661982 &quot;President Masire's Final Message to Botswana&quot;] – via www.academia.edu.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Khama, puso e tlhomile gape Lephata la Directorate of Intelligence and Security Services (DISS) le le nang le dithata tsa sepodisi, le le bonwang e le la Botswana le le lekanang le la [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] kwa Amerika. Le fa mokgatlho wa mofuta ono o se mosha e bile o fitlhelwa mo mafatsheng a le mantsi, o na le batshwayadiphoso mo Botswana ba ba latofatsang gore go na le matshosetsi a le mmalwa fela a mo gae kgotsa a a tswang kwa mafatsheng a mangwe a mapodisi le sesole ba neng ba ka se palelwe ke go a tila. Bangwe, go akaretsa le mokaedikhuduthamaga wa Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, Siphosami Malunga, ba nganga gore setheo se, se kwa tshimologong se neng se eteletswe pele ke tsala e kgolo ya ga Tautona Khama Issac Kgosi, se ka tsiediwa bonolo le go dirisiwa kgatlhanong le baba ba sepolotiki kgotsa ba bangwe ba ba nyatsang Tautona kgotsa tsamaiso ya gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theafricareport.com/16645/botswana-unravels-unmasking-africas-democracy-poster-child/ &quot;Botswana unravels: unmasking Africa's democracy poster child&quot;]. ''The Africa Report.com''. 28 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo ntlheng ya itsholelo, Khama e ntse e le motshegetsi yo o tlhoafetseng wa go tlosa Botswana mo go ikaegeng thata ka diteemane le go kabakanya itsholelo ya lone, segolobogolo mo lephateng la temothuo le bojanala.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sardc.net/en/southern-african-news-features/botswana-determined-to-diversify-its-economy/ &quot;Botswana determined to diversify its economy&quot;]. 13 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;[[Setshwantsho:London Conference on The Illegal Wildlife Trade (12499797834).jpg|thumb|Ian Khama Seretse Khama|210x210px]]Khama o ne a baya molao wa go thibela go tsoma ditlou ka nako ya fa a ne a le tautona, mme a tshegetsa maiteko a tshomarelo mo Botswana. Ka 2018, o ne a kgala [[Tautona Donald Trump]] ka ntlha ya go rotloetsa go tsoma ditlou.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43435013 &quot;Botswana's Ian Khama: Trump encouraging elephant poaching&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 16 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

E le [[motho yo o sa nweng bojalwa]], Khama o ntse a thibela bojalwa thata mo maikutlong a gagwe, a bo tsaya e le bothata jo bogolo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.healthdata.org/news-events/insights-blog/acting-data/president-ian-khama-emboldened-evidence-reduce-harms-alcohol &quot;President Ian Khama: Emboldened by evidence to reduce harms of alcohol use in Botswana&quot;]. [[:en:Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation|Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation]]. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka tsela ya bodipolomate, o ne a tsaya boemo jo bo nonofileng mo [[Dikgang tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho tsa Korea Bokone|dikgannyeng tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho tsa Korea Bokone]]. Morago ga go kgaola dikamano le [[Korea Bokone]] ka 2014 ka ntlha ya dikgatako tsa yone tse di masisi tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho, o ne a tlhalosa bosetlhogo jwa ditshwanelo tsa batho mo bogosing jwa baitlami ‘bo le maswe go feta dikgang tsa batshabi ba Aforika’, segolobogolo ka nako ya leuba le legolo ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990. O ne a neela potsolotso le [[Yonhap News Agency]] ka nako ya ketelo ya gagwe kwa [[Seoul]], [[Korea Borwa]] ka 2015, a kgala baeteledipele ba Bokone ka go 'tshela mo Motlheng wa Maje' mme a bitsa ditiro tsa bone tse di setlhogo a re ga di amogelesege.&lt;ref&gt;[https://cnnews.chosun.com/client/news/print.asp?cate=c01&amp;mcate=&amp;nNewsNumb=20140338965 &quot;北韩人权惨无人道 竟不如非洲难民 韩国之眼 朝鲜日报网&quot;] (in Korean).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151024165837/http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/10/23/0200000000AKR20151023161000043.HTML &quot;보츠와나 대통령 &quot;北 인권후퇴, 관계유지 가치 없었다&quot;&quot;] (in Korean). 23 October 2015. Archived from [http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/10/23/0200000000AKR20151023161000043.HTML the original] on 24 October 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go rola tiro ==
Ka Moranang a rogwa 2018, [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] o ne a ikanisiwa go nna [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana]], a tlhatlhama Ian Khama le dingwaga tsa gagwe tse di lesome tse di tletseng tsa botautona. Morago ga go sa dumalane le Masisi makgetlho a le mmalwa, segolobogolo a latofatsa Masisi ka ditshekamelo tsa bobusaesi,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ft.com/content/b7362496-f71a-11e9-9ef3-eca8fc8f2d65 &quot;President Mokgweetsi Masisi holds on to power in Botswana poll&quot;]. ''Financial Times''. 25 October 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Khama o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go tswa mo BDP mme a ya kwa [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] (BPF), e leng lekoko le le sa tswang go tlhamiwa le le kgaoganang le BDP. O ne a dira letsholo la BPF, e e neng ya gapa manno a le mararo mo [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019|ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa 2019]] mo kgaolong ya [[Serowe]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Botswana &quot;Botswana – Botswana since independence&quot;]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2018, morago ga go rola tiro ya botautona, Khama o ne a nna leloko la Boto ya Bakaedi ba mokgatlho o o kwa Amerika wa [[Conservation International]], o le one o dirang ka natla mo [[Botswana]].&lt;ref&gt;Co, Maverick Maven (25 July 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190520100700/http://botswanaunplugged.com/10895/khama-joins-conservation-international-as-a-distinguished-fellow/ &quot;Khama joins Conservation International as a Distinguished Fellow&quot;]. ''BotswanaUnplugged''. Archived from [https://botswanaunplugged.com/10895/khama-joins-conservation-international-as-a-distinguished-fellow/ the original] on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2021, Khama o ne a ya kwa lejwa le a neng a le ipeetse, mo go lone a neng a bolela fa go nnile le leano la go mo tshela botlhole.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gr0p1000go &quot;How friends became foes in Africa's diamond state&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 9 October 2024. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Sedimonthole 2022 kgotlatshekelo kwa Botswana e ne ya ntsha taelo ya go tshwara Khama ka ntlha ya go tshwara ditlhobolo di le tlhano tse di seng ka fa molaong morago ga go palelwa ke go tlhagelela kwa kgotlatshekelo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64124882 &quot;Ian Khama: Botswana issues arrest warrant for former president&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 30 December 2022. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Lwetse a le lesome le boraro 2024, Ian Khama o ne a boela kwa Botswana morago ga dingwaga di le tharo a le kwa lejwa, go ya go tlhagelela kwa kgotlatshekelo le go kopa go gololwa a letile tsheko.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd0509kke8mo.amp &quot;Surprise return to Botswana by ex-president to face trial&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 13 September 2024. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka  Ngwanatsele a le masome mararo 2024, o ne a simolola setilo sa gagwe gape jaaka Kgosikgolo wa BaNgwato, a tsaya leina la segosi la Khama IV, mo gare ga meletlo kwa Serowe Sports Complex e e neng e tseneletswe ke batlotlegi ba bosetšhaba le ba boditšhabatšhaba, go khutlisa ngwagakgolo wa bobusi jwa BaNgwato.&lt;ref&gt;Sechele, Sechele (22 November 2024). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/khama-iv-finally-breaks-bangwato-royal-jinx/news &quot;Khama IV finally breaks BaNgwato royal jinx&quot;]. ''[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/khama-iv-finally-breaks-bangwato-royal-jinx/news Mmegi]''. Mahalapye. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Puso e e neng ya tla morago ga [[ditlhopho tsa Botswana]] tsa 2024 e ne ya tlosa ditatofatso tsa ditlhobolo, tse Khama a neng a boletse fa e le maano a a tlhotlhelediwang ke sepolotiki go tswa kwa pusong ya pele ya ga Masisi.&lt;ref&gt;Makhaiza, Larona (2 December 2024). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/still-not-safe-for-tshekedi-and-anthony/news &quot;'Still not safe for Tshekedi and Anthony'&quot;]. ''[[Mmegi]]''. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Firikgong a le masome mabedi ka 2025, Khama o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka leloko la [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]], setlhopha sa bagakolodi ba dikgosi tsa boswa tse di gakololang Palamente.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98QCPvLy1QA &quot;Ian Khama Returns as Paramount Chief Sworn into Ntlo ya Dikgosi&quot;]. ''SnapFlash''. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Lwetse 2025, jaaka karolo ya leano la lekoko la go atamalana le Khama ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Mpho Balopi]], BDP e ne ya itsise go phimola go lelekwa ga ga Khama mo lekokong ka 2019, ka jalo ya busetsa boloko jwa gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;Basimanebotlhe, Tsaone (25 September 2025). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/bdp-rescinds-khamas-membership-termination/news &quot;BDP rescinds Khama's membership termination&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 19 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditlotla le dietsele ==

=== Ditlotla ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Lefatshe
!
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Order
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| Botswana
|
|
|Presidential Order of Honour
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| Botswana
|
|
|Founder Officer Medal
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| Botswana
|
|
|Duty Code Order
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
| Botswana
|
|
|Distinguished Service Medal
|}

== Metswedi ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Karolo:Tautona wa Botswana]]
[[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana]]
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    <title>Bojanala jwa lefatshe la Botswana</title>
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      <text bytes="12156" sha1="3xkge4mbxp75xncuv2vfdbf9zqd01f5" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Giraffe standing.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Thutlwa mo Central Kalahari Game Reseve]]
Dingwe tsa konokono tse di ngokang bajanala mo [[Botswana]] ke mafelo a tlhokomelo diphologo, go tsoma le go kapa ditshwantsho le gone go le teng. Tse dingwe tse di ngokang bojanala di akaretsa lefelo la Okavango Delta &lt;ref&gt;Ross,Karen.(1987).''[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17978845 &quot;Okavango, jewel of the Kalahari&quot;].BBC Books.London.ISBN 0-563-20545-8''.OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/title/17978845 17978845.]&lt;/ref&gt; le le elelang ka metsi segolo jang ka nako ya dipula, ditlhaketlhake le matsha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Botswana-TOURISM-TRAVEL-AND-RECREATION.html Nations Encyclopedia]&lt;/ref&gt; Lephata la Bojanala le thusitse mo tlhabololong ya itsholelo ya Botswana mo go le ntsheng mo go ikaegeng mo ditsa tlholego tse di tshwanan le  diteemane le nama ya kgomo, mme e ne ya re ka ngwaga wa 2005 la dira ditiro di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le boraro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Kajevu,Zeph.2008-04-08''[http://allafrica.com/stories/200804080555.html .&quot;Ranking worries BNPC&quot;].''The Voice.allAfrica.com.Retrieved 2008-04-27&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Tlhabologo ya lephata la bojanala ==
Lephata la bojanala mo Botswana le simolotse go tlhabologa ka dingwaga tsa 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Mbaiwa,Joseph E.(April 2005)''.&quot;Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;.Tourism Management.26(2):157–172.[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261517703002358?via%3Dihub doi 10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005].ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-5177 0261-5177.]''&lt;/ref&gt; Borwa jwa Aforeika bo ne jwa itemogela go ritibala ga sepolotiki morago ga go tla bokhutlong ga tlhaolelele le go bulelwa ga ga Nelson Mandela kwa toronkong ka ngwaga wa 1990. Tlhabologo ya dipalamo le maranyane a puisano e ne ya dira gore bojanala mo Botswana bo kgone go gola.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1990, Botswana o ne a dira melao ya bojanala e e neng e ikaelela go oketsa dipalo tsa bajanala, dipoelo tsa puso, le go tlhama ditiro. Molao o ne wa itebaganya le go kgatlha bajanala ba tlhwatlhwa go tswa mafatshefatsheng a tshwana le bo Europa, North America, Australia le New Zealand go oketsa dipoelo. Fa ditiro tse di tlhamilweng di ne tsa oketsega mo lephateng la bojanala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; ditiro tsa maemo a a ko godimo tse di duelang botoka di ne tsa beelwa fa thoko batswakwa.

== Ka fa e amileng setshaba le tikologo ka teng ==
Lefatshe la Botswana le ikaegile ka ditsa tlholego go itshidisa le bojanala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Buckley,Ralf C.October 2010.''&quot;Sustainable Tourism in Southern Africa: Local Communities and Natural Resources in Transition&quot;.Annals of Tourism Research.37(4):1210–1212.doi [https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160738310000861 10.1016/j.annals.2010.07.012.].hdl [https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/34433 10072/34433].ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0160-7383 0160-7383.]''&lt;/ref&gt; Tlhaelo le bokoa jwa ditsa tlholego tsa lefatshe di ama thata matshelo a selegae,kwa go dirisiwang metsi le dikgwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Letsha la Okavango ke lengwe la mafelo a a itsegeng thata a bojanala ebile e le lengwe la matsha a magolo mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ka le etelwa thata ke bajanala, selo se se bakile kgolo le tlhabologo ya dikago, didirisiwa, le ditirelo mo kgaolong eo go akaretsa dibanka,dihotele, le maemelo a difofane.Le fa go ntsee jalo, batho ba metse e e koo jaka Khwai,Mababe le Sankoyo kwa Okavango ba ngongoregela kiletso ya go dirisa ditsa tlholego kwa Moremi Game Reserve ka ba fekeediwa ke bajanala ba mafatshefatshe le dikompone tse di tswang kwa ntle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Didirisiwa tsa bojanala mo Botswana di dirisiwa thata ke batswakwa ka jalo ga di dire poelo e ntsi mo mafelong a a gaufi le tsone. 

Le fa bontsi jwa tse di kgatlhisang di ikaegile ka ditsa tlholego tsa lefatshe, lephata la bojanala le baya dilo tse mo kotsing. Go tla ka bonsti mo mafelong a bojanala go kgona go kgoreletsa diphologo mme mo go bake gore di fudugele kwa mafelong a mangwe a a ka tswang a sa di siamela. Matlakala a tlogelwang ke bajanala a kgona go fetola seemo sa mmu mme a tsise ditshidinyana tse di borai mo kgaolong eo. Dilo tse dingwe tse di dirwang ke bajanala jaaka go pagama mekoro e e bofefo go kgona go kgoreletsa diphologolo tsa mo metsing, fa go tsaya diphologolo le dinonyane dinepe gone go fetola boitshwaro jwa ditshedi dingwe jaaka ka fa di jang ka teng le ka fa di gwelang ka teng.&lt;ref&gt;Moswete,Naomi;Mavondo,Felix T (2003).&quot;Problems facing the tourism industry of Botswana&quot;.Botswana Notes and Records.35:69–77.ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0525-5090 0525-5090].JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980340 40980340.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lefatshe la Botswana le lekeleditse mefuta e e farologaneng ya go somarela ditsa tlholego, se se akaretsa tlhokomelo ya diphologo ke batho ba motse (Community based natural resource amanagement) e e ikaegileng ka go akanyetsa gore beng motse ba na le maikarabelo a go dirisa ditsa tlholego sentle fa ba nnang teng go na le go laolwa ke puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, tlhaelo ya didirisiwa le kitso mo magaeng e bakile gore ba ikaege ka thuso ya ba mafatshefatshe go bona maduo a go oketsa dipoelo le katlego mo go somareleng ditsa tlholego.&lt;ref&gt;Mbaiwa,Joseph E.2014-10-31.&quot;Institutional Arrangements for Conservation, Development and Tourism in Eastern and Southern Africa&quot;.Springer Netherlands.pp 59–80.doi 10.1007/978-94-017-9529-6_4.ISBN 9789401795289&lt;/ref&gt;

Go atolosa bojanala jwa setso mo Botswana go na le bokgoni jwa go fokotsa tshologelo ya bajanala kwa mafelong mangwe mme gape go lekalekanngwa tlhabololo ya bojanala ka go dira ditshono tse beng gae ba ka tsayang karolo mo istholelong ya bojanala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Saarinen,Jarkko;Moswete,Naomi;Monare,Masego J.2014-12-01.&quot;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200711015555/https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/bog/26/26/article-p7.xml Cultural tourism: new opportunities for diversifying the tourism industry in Botswana&quot;].Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series.26(26):7–18.doi [https://apcz.umk.pl/BGSS/article/view/bog-2014-0041/4749 10.2478/bog-2014-0041].ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2083-8298 2083-8298]''&lt;/ref&gt;Bojanala jwa setso bo dira ditshono tsa gore bajanala ba kgone go ithuta ka botaki,boswa le dingwao tsa batho ba kgaolo eo. Bangwe ba tlhalosa fa se se ka godisa itsholelo ya batho, ga tlhama ditiro le go tlhabolola dikago.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Bojanala jwa magae bo itebagantse gape le go supa botshelo jwa mo gae le dilo tsa Setswana tse di dirilweng ka diatla, se se tla berekela bomme ka dinako tse dintsi ba kgapelwa thoko mo dipoelong tsa bojanala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Moswete,Naomi;Lacey,Gary (2012).''&quot;'Women Cannot Lead': Empowering Women Through Cultural Tourism in Botswana&quot;.SSRN Working Paper Series.doi [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2205354 10.2139/ssrn.2205354].ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1556-5068 1556-5068.S2CID] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/'Women-Cannot-Lead'%3A-Empowering-Women-Through-in-Moswete-Lacey/3754213997e1b6c4d43fe4e063c715a5715f4fc7 153398421]''&lt;/ref&gt; Dipoelo tsa bojanala jwa magae di tlhama di tshono tsa go ruta bomme ditiro tsa diatla le bogwebi. Go nna le ditiro mo metseng ya bone go letla bomme go dira ditiro tsa bone tsa lolwapa mme gape ba itirela madi a bone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

==Mafelo a a Kgatlhang Baeti==
===Mafelo a Boitapoloso===
====Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari ====
{{main|Central Kalahari Game Reserve}}
Central Kalahari ke lefelo le letona la diphologolo mo sekakeng sa [[Kalahari]] mo [[Botswana]]. Ka ngwaga wa [[1961]] le ne la simolodisiwa le na le bophara jwa sekgele sa dikete tse di masome a matlhano bobedi le makgolo a robabobedi (52,800 km) le go dira go nna lefelo la bobedi le letona mo lobopong lotlhe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080424123744/http://www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw/attractions/central.html Central Kalahari Game Reserve - Attractions - Tourism of Botswana&lt;!--Bot generated title--&gt;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424123744/http://www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw/attractions/central.html|date=2008-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le diphologolo tsa naga jaaka dithutlwa, manyau,nkwe,ntsha tsa naga, mangau, ditau le tse dingwe fela jalo.

====Lefelo la Boitapoloso la Chobe National====
{{main|Chobe National Park}}
Chobe National e e mo bokone bophirima jwa Botswana, e na le diphologolo tse di dintsi thata mo [[Aferika]]. Ke lefelo la boraro la boitapoloso le letona mo lefatsheng morago ga la Central Kalahari Game Reserve le Gemsbok,ke lone le le nang le dilo ka go farologana. Ke lefelo la ntlha la boitapoloso mo lefatsheng.

====Lefelo la Boiketlo la Kgalagadi Transfrontier====
{{main|Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park}}
Kgalagadi Transfrontier ke lefelo le letona mo Aferika yo o mo Borwa le go tlhokomelwang diphologolo tsa naga teng. Lefelo le, le fa gare ga lefatshe la [[Aferika Borwa]] le la Botswana, gona le la Kalahari Gemsbok le le mo Afericka borwa, le la Gemsbok le le mo Botswana. Bophara ba lefelo le bo dikete tse di masome a mararo le boferabobedi (38000). Bontsi ba lefatshe bo mo Botswana go na le Aferika Borwa.

==Tshedimosetso ya Bajanala==
Molao motheo wa puso ya Botswana mo go tlhokomeleng tsa bojanala o ne wa dirwa e le leano la go rotloetsa bojanala le tshireletso mafelo a diphologolo tsa naga. Banni ba United States,Aferika Borwa, mafatshhe a selekane le a bophirima jwa Europe ga ba tlhoke visa fa ba eta malatsi a a kwa tlase ga masome a ferabongwe le bongwe. Go tlhokega pasa go tsaya leeto mo lefatsheng. Bajanala ba ba tswang kwa mafelong a a amegileng ba tshwanetse go rurifatsa fa ba tsere mekento ya letshololo le letshoroma le legolo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

Ba mafatshe fatshe ba tsa mesepele le bojanala ba ne ba baya lefatshe la Botswana mo maemong a bo masome a ferabobedi le bosupa (87) mo go a le lekgolo le masome a mararo,morago ga dikgaisano tsa mesepele le bojanala tsa ngwaga wa 2008. l 
Dipalo tseo di ne tsa galaletsa thata bojanala mo Botswana, dikgwetlho tse di lebaneng bojanala jaaka ditlhaelo tsa maranyane, seemo sa bophepha se se sa itumediseng, ditsela le ditlhaeletsanyo di ne tsa baka go tlhoka go dira sentle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

==Dipalo==
Ka ngwaga wa 1999, matlo a borobalo  a ne a le dikete tse pedi le lekgolo (2,100),malao a le dikete tse tharo makgolo a supa le masome a mabedi (3,720).Bajanala go tswa mo mafatsheng a Aferika mo ngwageng eo ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana ka dipalo di ka feta 720,000. Dipoelo tsa bojanala mo ngwageng wa 2000 di ne di le diketekete di le 313 (313 million). Ka ngwaga wa 2003, US Department of State e ne ya akanyetsa gore tlhwatlhwa ya go nna mo ntlong ya boitapoloso kwa Gaborone ke di dollara di le 129. Ditlhwatlwa mo mafelong a mangwe mo lefatsheng di kwa tlase ka didolara tsa America di le masome a matlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Lefatshe la Botswana ke lengwe la mafelo a babalesegileng go le etela mo Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220330035925/http://risk.confero.info/travel-risks/Botswana &quot;Travel Risk Index: Botswana]''&quot;.Archived from  on 2013-02-18.Retrieved 2012-08-10.&lt;/ref&gt;Bontsi jwa baeng ba ba neng ba tsile go iphokisa phefo ka ngwaga wa 2014, ba ne ba tswa kwa mafatsheng a a latelang: &lt;ref&gt;Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160807001052/http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20%20%20Report%20%202014.pdf the original] on 2016-08-07.&lt;/ref&gt;    

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Maemo
!Lefatshe
!Nomoro
|-
|1
|Aforika Borwa
|68,519
|-
|2
|Amerika
|38,522
|-
|3
|Geremane
|26,151
|-
|4
|Ga Mma Mosadinyana
|20,601
|-
|5
|Zimbabwe
|18,285
|-
|6
|Australia
|13,822
|-
|7
|Netherlands
|8,909
|-
|8
|Japan
|8,857
|-
|9
|Fora
|7,992
|-
|10
|Canada
|7,255
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Dipalo tsotlhe
|274,701
|}

==Metswedi==
{{reflist}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080705143931/http://www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw/ Bojanala mo Lefatsheng la Botswana]
{{Economy of Botswana}}
{{Tourism in Africa}}

[[Category:Bojanala mo lefatsheng la Botswana]]
[[Category:Bojanala mo Aferika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dipalamo tsa mesepele mo Botswana</title>
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      <text bytes="4858" sha1="7z7rxvi1s5oucknemh0xvaay83q1678" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Botswana map.png|thumb|right|200px|Mmepe wa Botswana]]
Le mororo lefatshe la Botswana le na le batho ba ba palo potlana gape le le mo sekakeng le kgonne go bopa itsholelo ya lone. Ditsela tse di kopanyang metse megolo le dikgaolo tsotlhe di tshetswe sekontere, mme ya Trans-Kalahari Highway e e kopanyang lefatshe leno le la Namibia ko Walvis Bay.

==Diporo==
Lefatshe la Botswana le nna le diporo tsa boleele jwa dikhilometara di le makgolo a ferabobedi, masome a ferabobedi le boferabobedi go ya ka dipalo tsa ngwaga wa 2002, mme e bile di tsamaela ditoropong di le mmalwa gape di kopanya lefatshe leno le a a mabapi.

=== Diporo tse di yang mafatsheng a a mabapi ===
Lefatshe la Botswana le nna le diporo tse tshwaraganeng le tsa mafatshe a Zimbabwe le Aforika-Borwa. Le ntswa go nne go solofetswe go bulwa ga seporo sa motlakase ka ngwaga wa 2006, se se yang Lüderitz kwa lefatsheng la Namibia go isa magala, ga gona seporo se tlhamalalelang kwa lefatsheng la Namibia mme go nna le se se fetang ka lefatshe la Aforika-Borwa.

Go ne ga nna le kgang ya go bula seporo se se ntšha fa gare ga lefatshe la Botswana le la Zambia, se feta ka lefatshe la Zimbabwe ka rre Andrew Lunga yo e leng mookamedi wa kompone ya Botswana Railways. Seporo se ne se solofetswe go feta kwa borwabophirimsa go tswa Livingstone, se feta ka Zambesi, se bo se tswelelela kwa marakanelong a a ntseng a le teng a Mosetse. Mme e ne yare morago ga kgang e ya ga rre Lunga,kompone ya la latlhegelwa ke diterena ka bokete jo bo kwa godimo bo bo nne jwa latelelwa ke go bulwa ga seporo sa Beitbridge-Bulawayo se se ileng sa dira gore dipalo tsa bapalame le dithoto di fokotsege go tswa ko sedikeng le sekete ka ngwaga go ya go dikete di le lekgolo le masome matlhano ka ngwaga. Seemo sa itsholelo ya lefatshe la Zimbabwe ga gakatsa seemo ka go ile ga fokotsa go tsamaya ga diterena ka phuthologo. Seropo se rre Lunga a nneng a kaile se ile sa nna sone se kopanyang mafatshe a Aforika-Borwa, Zambia and le la Democratic Republic of Congo.

=== Ditoropo tse di nnang le diterena tse di yang kwa go tsone ===

Mesepele yotlhe ya diterena tsa batho e ile ya emiswa mo lefatsheng la Botswana, mme ga sala tse di yang mafatsheng a sele tse di kopanang le sa lefatshe la Zimbabwe go tswa Francistown, se e leng sone se se mo tirisong fela. Diterena tsa dithoto di santse di le mo tirisong tsone. Tse di latelang ke mafelo a a kileng a bo a na le diterena tsa batho go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 2009, kgwedi ya Motsheganong. 

* Ramatlhabama, South Africa yo e leng molelwane wa lefatshe la Botswana le la Aforika-borwa
* [[Lobatse|Toropo ya Lobatse]]
* [[Gaborone]] - motse-mogolo wa lefatshe leno
* [[Palapye]] - makaranelo a diporo tse di rorang magala
* Serule -marakanelo a diporo
* [[Francistown|Toropo ya Francistown]]
* Ramokgwebana - yo o kopanetseng molelwane le lefatshe la zimbabwe
* Palo ya [[Palapye|maemelo a terena mo {1}Botswana {/1}]] e akaretsa:
* Morupule - maemelo a diterena
* Serule - marakanelo a diporo
* Selibe Phikwe -maemelo a diterena
* [[Francistown]] -marakanelo a diporo
* Sowa - maemelo a diterena

==Ditsela==
Lefatshe la Botswana le nna le ditsela di le dikete di le lesome,makgola a mabedi le lesome le bosupa,mme ebile mo go tsone di le dikete tse matlhano,makgolo a marataro le masome mabedi di tshetswe sekontere. E sale go tloga ka dikabelelo tsa ngwaga wa 1996, go na le phokotsego mo dipalong tsa ditsela tse di sa tshelwang sekontere. Go tlhoga ka ngwaga wa 1996 go fitlha ka 1999 dipalo tsa ditsela tse di sa tshelwang sekontere di ile tsa fokotsega go tswa kwa dikhilometareng tse dikete tse lesome le bone, lekgolo le masome mararo le boferabongwe go ya go dikete tse nne, makgolo a matlhano le masome a ferabongwe le bosupa. 

==Maemelo a difofane==
Go ne ga nna le kabelelo ya gore go nna le maemelo a difofane a le masome a ferabobedi le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2004 mme di le lesome di tshetswe sekontere,se e ne e le ka ngwaga wa 2005. Kompone ya Air Botswana e e leng ya ga goromente ke yone e okametseng difofane tse di yang Francistown, Gaborone, Maun le Selebi-Phikwe. Go nna le difofane tse di yang ditoropong tsa  mafatsheng a sele jaaka Johannesburg kwa Aforika-Borwa; Mbabane kwa Swaziland; le Harare kwa Zimbabwe. Go nna le maemelo a mantšha gaufi le toropo ya Gaborone e e butsweng ka ngwaga wa 1984. Bapalami ba difofane ba ba neng ba goroga le ba ba neng ba emelela go tswa Botswana ba ne ba le dikete tse di lekgolo,masome a ferabobedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 2003.

==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle==
* [http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/botswana.pdf Mmepe wa Botswana]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130129090530/http://www.airbotswana.co.uk/ Sefofane sa setshaba sa Botswana_Air Botswana UK]

==Dipadi tse dingwe==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Botswana}}
[[Category:Dipalamo tsa mesepele mo Botswana]]</text>
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    <title>Dikgaisano tsa metshameko ya 2010 COSAFA U-20 Cup</title>
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| tourney_name = COSAFA U-20 Cup
| year =  2010
| yearr = 
| other_titles = 
| image = 2010 cosafa u20 cup.gif
| size = 119px
| alt = 2010 COSAFA u20 Cup Logo
| caption =
| city =  
| country = Botswana
| dates = 3–12 December 2010
| num_teams = 13 
| confederations = 1 
| venues = 2
| cities = 2
| champion = &lt;!-- automatically wraps into {{fb}} template --&gt;
| champion_other = &lt;!-- use instead if the team is not in {{fb}} (enter your own code) --&gt;
| count = 
| second = &lt;!-- automatically wraps into {{fb}} template --&gt;
| second_other = &lt;!-- use instead if the team is not in {{fb}} (enter your own code) --&gt;
| third = &lt;!-- automatically wraps into {{fb}} template --&gt;
| third_other = &lt;!-- use instead if the team is not in {{fb}} (enter your own code) --&gt;
| fourth = &lt;!-- automatically wraps into {{fb}} template --&gt;
| fourth_other = &lt;!-- use instead if the team is not in {{fb}} (enter your own code) --&gt;
| matches = 19
| goals = 
| attendance = 
| top_scorer = 
| player = 
| prevseason = [[2009 COSAFA U-20 Cup|2009]]
| nextseason = 2011
}}

Dikgaisano tsa metshameko ya '''2010 COSAFA U-20 Cup'''  ke ya lesome le boferabongwe e ntse e tshegediwa e e akaretsang paphadisanyo magareng ga kgwele ya dinao ya banana mo kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Aferika. [[Botswana|Botswana]] o tla tshegetsa metshameko eo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Cosafa moves tourney to Botswana | url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/18286/cosafa-metropolitan-u-20-championships-moves-to-botswana.php | accessdate=2010-10-26 | archive-date=2010-10-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018073848/http://www.kickoff.com/news/18286/cosafa-metropolitan-u-20-championships-moves-to-botswana.php | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Lefatshe la Angola le ithola marapo mo metshamekong==
Angola o ithotse marapo morago ga go sa kgona go tshegetsa metsameko ya COSAFA e e neng e tswanetse go tshwarwa ka Semonthole a simolola lesome le boraro go fitlha ka masome a mabedi le boferabongwe kwa toropokgolo Lubango le Benguela.
Mookamemedi mogolo wa COSAFA o ne a amogela pego e le ba  BOPA gore ba sntse ba seka seka na le mafatshe go ba thusa mo tshoganetso e e ba tletseng.
Sue Destombes a re ga go na mabaka ape a a romeletswemg ba COSAFA ke lefatshe la Angola go bo ba ithotse marapo mme ba mo maemong a go ka tlhalosa gore tautona ga a ka a kanela mokwalo wa go supa teseletso ya tshegetsa metshameko eo.A re se se swabisang nko go fetla molomo ke gore, tona wa metshameko  wa lefatshe leo ga a ka a kgatlhegela go mo fa phetolo morago ga tiragalo eo.
However Destombes said COSAFAs feels hard done by decision given that her office was informed very late.

==Ba tsaya karolo mo metshamekong==

{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
'''Setlhopha sa  Ntlha''' 
*{{fbu|20|Botswana}}
*{{fbu|20|Swaziland}}
*{{fbu|20|Zimbabwe}}
*{{fbu|20|Malawi}}&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Metshameko e ile ya tlosolosiwa ga bede mo ngwageng ka go latelelana&lt;/ref&gt;
{{col-4}}
'''Setlhopha sa  Bobedi''' 
*{{fbu|20|South Africa}}
*{{fbu|20|Lesotho}}
*{{fbu|20|Namibia}}
{{col-4}}
'''Setlhopha sa  Boraro''' 
*{{fbu|20|Zambia}}
*{{fbu|20|Mauritius}}
*{{fbu|20|Angola}}
{{col-4}}
'''Setlhopha sa  Bone''' 
*{{fbu|20|Comoros}}&lt;ref group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;Go tlosolosiwa&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{fbu|20|Madagascar}}
*{{fbu|20|Mozambique}}
*{{fbu|20|Seychelles}}
{{col-end}}

 &lt;references group=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

==legato la ditlhophana==
===Setlhopha sa Ntlha===

{{footballbox
|date = 3 December 2010
|time = 16:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Botswana}}
|score = 0 - 3
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Zimbabwe}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[University of Botswana Stadium|UB Stadium]], [[Gaborone]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}
----
{{footballbox
|date = 5 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Botswana}}
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Swaziland}}
|goals1 = [[Lesego Tafa|Tafa]] {{goal|12}} {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Molepolole Stadium]], [[Molepolole]] 
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}
----
{{footballbox
|date = 7 December 2010
|time = 17:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Swaziland}}
|score =
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Zimbabwe}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Molepolole Stadium]], [[Molepolole]] 
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}

===Setlhopha sa  Bobedi===

{{footballbox
|date = 4 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Lesotho}}
|score = 2 - 2
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Namibia}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[University of Botswana Stadium|UB Stadium]], [[Gaborone]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}
----
{{footballbox
|date = 7 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|South Africa}}
|score = 1 - 2
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Lesotho}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Molepolole Stadium]], [[Molepolole]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}
----
{{footballbox
|date = 8 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|South Africa}}
|score =
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Namibia}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 = 
|stadium = [[University of Botswana Stadium|UB Stadium]], [[Gaborone]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}

===Setlhopha sa Boraro===

{{footballbox
|date = 4 December 2010
|time = 17:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Zambia}}
|score = 2-2
|report = [http://www.cosafa.com/livefeed/livefeed.php?hash=afb27a39cb036b73349ef2a77eb49301&amp;mnid=4&amp;page= (Report)]
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Angola}}
|goals1 = [[Chakwa Lungu|Lungu]] {{goal|15}}&lt;br&gt;[[Moses Phiri|Phiri]] {{goal|66}}
|goals2 = {{goal|13}} [[Xavier Vunge|Vunge]]&lt;br&gt;{{sent off|0|28}} [[Jose Baiao|Baiao]]&lt;br&gt;{{goal|44}} [[Carlos Sequeira|Sequeira]]
|stadium = [[Lobatse Stadium]], [[Lobatse]]
|attendance =
|referee = {{flagicon|BOT}} Kutlwano Leso
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}
----
{{footballbox
|date = 5 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Mauritius}}
|score = 1 - 2
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Angola}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[University of Botswana Stadium|UB Stadium]], [[Gaborone]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}
----
{{footballbox
|date =  8 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Zambia}}
|score =
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Mauritius}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[University of Botswana Stadium|UB Stadium]], [[Gaborone]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}

===Setlhopha sa  Bone===

{{footballbox
|date = 4 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Madagascar}}
|score = 5 - 0
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Seychelles}}
|goals1 = [[Njiva Rakotondramantra|Rakotondramantra]] {{goal}} {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Molepolole Stadium]], [[Molepolole]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}
----
{{footballbox
|date = 5 December 2010
|time = 17:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Seychelles}}
|score = 0 - 2
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Mozambique}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[University of Botswana Stadium|UB Stadium]], [[Gaborone]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}
----
{{footballbox
|date = 8 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Mozambique}}
|score = 0 - 2
|report = [http://www.starafrica.com/en/sport/football/article/cosafa-u-20-madagascar-bareas-ahead-o-131301.html report]
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Madagascar}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Molepolole Stadium]], [[Molepolole]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}

==Legatlo la go ntshanwa==

{{Round4-with third
&lt;!--Date-Place|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2 --&gt;
&lt;!--semi-finals --&gt;
| |{{fbu|20|Zambia}} ||{{fbu|20|Zimbabwe}} |
| |{{fbu|20|Namibia}} ||{{fbu|20|Madagascar}} |
&lt;!--final --&gt;
| |{{fbu|20|Zambia}}|4|{{fbu|20|Namibia}}|1
&lt;!--third place --&gt;
| |{{fbu|20|Zimbabwe}}|3|{{fbu|20|Madagascar}}|1
}}

===Seka makgaolakgang===

{{footballbox
|date = 10 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu|20|Zimbabwe}}
|score =
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Zambia}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Molepolole Stadium]], [[Molepolole]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}

{{footballbox
|date = 10 December 2010
|time = 17:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu|20|Namibia}}
|score =
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Madagascar}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Molepolole Stadium]], [[Molepolole]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}

===Batshameki ba boraro ko makgaolakgang===

{{footballbox
|date = 12 December 2010
|time = 11:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Zimbabwe}}
|score = 3 - 1
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Madagascar}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[University of Botswana Stadium|UB Stadium]], [[Gaborone]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}

===Makgaolakgang===

{{footballbox
|date = 12 December 2010
|time = 15:00 [[UTC+02:00|UTC+2]]
|team1 = {{fbu-rt|20|Zambia}}
|score = 4 - 1
|report =
|team2 = {{fbu|20|Namibia}}
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[University of Botswana Stadium|UB Stadium]], [[Gaborone]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penaltyscore = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt;
|penalties2 = &lt;!-- OPTIONAL --&gt; }}

==Banosi ba dino ba ba gaisitseng==
{{Empty section|date=December 2010}}

==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20210802182559/https://www.cosafa.com/ COSAFA Website]*[https://archive.is/20130119173846/https://web.archive.org/web/20210802182559/https://www.cosafa.com//stories/20101022-DRAW-COSAFA-U20.html Tournament Draw]
*

==Dipadi tse dingwe. ==
{{Reflist}}

{{International football}}
{{COSAFA Football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cosafa U-20 Cup 2010}}
[[Category:2010 a golagantswe le kgwele ya dinao]]
[[Category:COSAFA U-20 Cup]]
[[Category:2010 mo Botswana]]
[[Category:2010 mo metshamekong ya Aferika]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Eesterust</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3472" sha1="9oz72gfqoyb8y4eypfwas4lep4p89hr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Eersterust
| native_name             = Poort 
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|25|42|25|S|28|18|33|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gauteng]]
| subdivision_type2       = District
| subdivision_type3       = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality|City of Tshwane]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| subdivision_name4       = [[Pretoria]]
| established_title       = Established
| leader_party            = DA
| leader_title            = Councillor
| leader_name             = Benjamin Lawrence II
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799047 |title=Main Place Eersterust |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2022-09-29 |archive-date=2013-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926221245/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799047 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 6.05
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 29676
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 14.4%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 83.5%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 1.0%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 0.2%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 0.9%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info1     = 77.5%
| demographics2_title2    = [[South African English|English]]
| demographics2_info2     = 10.5%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]
| demographics2_info3     = 2.7%
| demographics2_title4    = [[Southern Ndebele language|S. Ndebele]]
| demographics2_info4     = 2.0%
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 7.3%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 0022
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
| area_code               = [[012 (South Africa Calling Code)|+27(0)12]] - 806
| website                 = www.eersterust.com
}}

'''Eesterust''' kana ''First Rest'' o gantse o kwalwang jaana ''Eersterus'' o sa kwalwa sentle ke toropo ya [[Aferika Borwa]]. Eesterust o dikilomitara dile lesome le botlhano gotswa kwa bogare jwa Petoria.

== Metswedi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{South Africa-stub}}
[[Category:Botswana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aberdeen, Kapa Botlhaba</title>
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      <text bytes="2887" sha1="tux323k4or5yz7vt2148pduj60ynz4q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Aberdeen
| native_name             = 
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type        = Toropo
| pushpin_map            = South Africa
| pushpin_map_caption    = 
| latd  = 32 |latm = 29 |lats =  |latNS=S
| longd = 24 |longm = 4 |longs = 
| image_skyline           = Straattoneel Aberdeen.jpg
| image_caption           = Street in Aberdeen
| government_type         = &lt;!-- Ward 00 --&gt;
| subdivision_type       = Naga
| subdivision_name       = [[Aforika Borwa]]
| subdivision_type1      = Profense
| subdivision_name1      = [[Kapa Botlhaba]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[Districts tsa Aforika Borwa|Karolwana]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Karolwana sa Sarah Baartman|Sarah Baartman]]
| subdivision_type3      = Masepala
| subdivision_name3      = Dr Beyers Naudé 
| established_date       = 1856&lt;ref name=established&gt;{{cite web|title=Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa based on Floyd (1960:20-26)|url=http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf|pages=xlv-lii|access-date=2019-07-18|archive-date=2019-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713023732/http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| elevation_m            = 
| area_footnotes         = &lt;ref name=census2011&gt;Main Place [https://web.archive.org/web/20130927125255/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/261005 Aberdeen] from Census 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 14.88
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 5,133
| population_as_of        = 2011
&lt;!--
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1)--&gt;
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics_type1      = Ditlhopha tsa batho
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantsho]]
| demographics1_info1     = 3.0%
| demographics1_title2    = [[MaKhalathi]]
| demographics1_info2     = 86.6%
| demographics1_title3    = [[MaIndia]]
| demographics1_info3     = 0.4%
| demographics1_title4    = [[Basweu]]
| demographics1_info4     = 9.4%
| demographics1_title5    = Ba bangwe
| demographics1_info5     = 0.5%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics2_footnotes = 
| demographics_type2      = Maleme
| demographics2_title1    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info1     = 94.9%
| demographics2_title2    = [[Sekgoga]]
| demographics2_info2     = 2.7%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Sezulu]]
| demographics2_info3     = 
| demographics2_title4    = 
| demographics2_info4     = 
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 2.4%
| postal_code_type        = Nomoro ya poso
| postal_code             = 6270
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
}}
[[Setshwantsho:Aberdeen Church, South Africa.jpg|thumb|Dutch Reformed Church kwa Aberdeen]]
'''Aberdeen''' ke setoropo sa [[Kapa Botlhaba]] mo [[Aforika Borwa]].

==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alberton</title>
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      <text bytes="6211" sha1="qev3rqa0x5d5xc432s36nw8r8ie1q0w" xml:space="preserve">Alberton ke toropo e e leng mo karolong ya borwa ya East Rand ya porofense ya Gauteng mo Aforika Borwa

{{Infobox settlement|name=Alberton Boulevard|image_alt=Alberton Boulevard.JPG|image_caption=Alberton Boulevard|pushpin_map=South Africa Gauteng#South Africa#Africa|coordinates={{coord|26|16|02|S|28|07|19|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type1=[[Country]]|subdivision_name1=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_type2=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_name2=[[Gauteng]]|subdivision_type3=[[List of districts of South Africa|District]]|subdivision_type4=[[List of municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name4=[[Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|Ekurhuleni]]|subdivision_type5=Main Place|leader_title=Councillor|area_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/797029 |title=Main Place Alberton |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2024-07-16 |archive-date=2013-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922060613/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/797029 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|area_total_km2=77.16|population_total=121536|elevation_m=1570|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|population_density_sq_mi=auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;|demographics_type1=Racial makeup (2011)|demographics1_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics1_title1=[[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]|demographics2_title1=[[Afrikaans]]|demographics2_info1=42.4%|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s (2011)|timezone=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code=1447 up to 1458, 1481|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=1450|area_code=011|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website=www.alberton.co.za|demographics1_info1=26.5%|demographics1_info2=14.4%|demographics1_info3=4.9%|demographics1_title5=Other|demographics1_title2=[[Coloureds|Coloured]]|demographics1_title3=[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]|demographics1_title4=[[White South African|White]]|demographics1_info4=53.2%|demographics1_info5=0.9%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;|demographics2_info2=34.6%|demographics2_info3=6.9%|demographics2_info4=5.1%|demographics2_info5=11.0%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;|demographics2_title2=[[South African English|English]]|demographics2_title3=[[Zulu language|Zulu]]|demographics2_title4=[[Sotho language|Sotho]]|demographics2_title5=Other}}

mme e gaufi thata le toropo e kgolo ya Johannesburg.
[[Setshwantsho:Meyer Graves.JPG|thumb|lebitla la Org Meyer's]]
Alberton e tlhalosiwa jaaka motse o o tlwaelegileng wa kwa metseselegaeng, o gantsi o nang le batho ba ba nnang mo go one, mme bontsi jwa badiri ba one ba ya go bereka kwa metseselegaeng e e gaufi kgotsa kwa ditoropong tse di jaaka Johannesburg le Germiston.

== Histori ==
Mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1840, Ba-Voortrekkers Johan Georg (Org) Meyer le Hester Catharina Elizabeth (née Mulder) ba ne ba goroga kwa Transvaal morago ga go fuduga kwa legaeng la bone kwa Prince Albert, mo go se ka nako eo e neng e le Cape Colony.

Org e ne ya reka lefatshe mme ya tlhopha dipolase di le tharo, e leng Klipriviersberg, Elandsfontein le Swartkoppies. Ka 1856, Johannes Petrus Meyer (yo o itsegeng botoka jaaka Jan Meyer) o ne a reka diheketara tse 11 tsa polase ya ga rraagwe ya Elandsfontein mme a aga ntlo e e bapileng le Natalspruit, gaufi le fa senthara ya selegae e leng teng gompieno. Ka 1890, o ne a aga ntlo ya bonno ya polase e ntšhwa kwa ntlheng e e lebaganeng ya polase e ka kgakgamatso e neng ya tlogelwa e sa senyega ka nako ya Ntwa ya Anglo Boer ya 1899 - 1902. Legae la bone le sa ntse le ka bonwa le gompieno go tswa mo tseleng e kgolo ya N12 e e ba dikologileng. Morwarraagwe Jan, yo le ene e neng e le Johan Georg (Org) Meyer, o ne a tsaya polasi morago ga loso lwa ga Jan. General Hendrik Abraham Alberts, mogale wa Ntwa ya Anglo Boer, o rekile karolo ya polase go tswa go Org ka 1904 mme a e bitsa Alberton. 

Sekolo sa poraemari sa Afrikaans Jan Meyer se ne sa reelelwa ka mong wa polase wa kwa tshimologong, mme toropo ya Meyersdal e e humileng le yone e bua ka lelapa le ntlo ya lone ya polase ya kwa tshimologong e santseng e eme mo lefatsheng le le kwa morago ga Meyersdal koppie. Sekolo sa poraemari sa Generaal Alberts, le Hennie Alberts Avenue mo motsesetoropong wa Brackenhurst, di reeletswe ka mothei wa toropo.

== dipalangwa ==
Alberton e na le ditsela di le dintsi tsa go tsena mo ditseleng tse di kgolo mo porofenseng ya Gauteng jaaka R59, N12, N17 le N3.

R59 Sybrand van Niekerk Freeway ke tsela e kgolo e e ralalang Alberton, e kgaoganya ditoropo tsa yone tsa bophirima tsa Brackenhurst, Brackendowns le Meyersdal go tswa mo toropong yotlhe. Tsela e kgolo ya kgaolo e golaganya Alberton le Vereeniging, Sasolburg le Bloemfontein (ka N1) go ya borwabophirima, le Johannesburg go ya bokone-bophirima.

N12 Southern Bypass Freeway e tsamaya kwa bokone jwa Alberton e golaganya toropo le Potchefstroom kwa borwabophirima le Benoni le eMalahleni kwa bokone-botlhaba. N17 Freeway e tsamaya go ya kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Alberton e golaganya toropo le Springs go ya kwa bokone-botlhaba mme N3 Freeway e kgabaganya Alberton go ya kwa bophirima kwa motsesetoropong wa botlhaba wa Verwoerdpark e golaganya toropo le Johannesburg go ya kwa bokone-bophirima le Heidelberg le Durban go ya kwa borwa-botlhaba. 

Ditsela tse dikgolo tsa selegae mo Alberton di akaretsa: R554 (Tsela ya Swartkoppies) e e yang kwa bokone-botlhaba go ya kwa Brakpan le kwa bophirima go ya kwa Lenasia, M7 (Kliprivier Drive) go ya Johannesburg, M31 (Voortrekker Road) go ya Johannesburg, M48 (Van Riebeeck Avenue) e e yang kwa bokone go ya Germiston, M61 (Vereeniging Road) go ya Vereeniging, M94 (Kritzinger Road/Grey Avenue) go ya Germiston, le M95 (Nelson Mandela Avenue) go ya Johannesburg South.


== Diphaka le mafelo a a nang le dimela ==
[[Setshwantsho:Looking north-east across the Logan Road to Carbrook from Loaders Lane, Alberton, 2022.jpg|left|thumb]]
[[Setshwantsho:Entrance to Klipriviersberg Reserve.jpg|thumb]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bronkhorstspruit</title>
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      <text bytes="3237" sha1="k9abjgywrptj6eogi7aozgdg74f5874" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Bronkhorstspruit
| image_skyline           = ZA-bronkhspr-nanhua.jpg
| image_caption           = The [[Nan Hua Temple|Nan Hua Temple Complex]] in Bronkhorstspruit
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|25|48|18|S|28|44|47|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Country]] 
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of South Africa|Province]] 
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gauteng]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of South Africa|District]] 
| subdivision_type3       = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]] 
| subdivision_name3       = [[City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality|City of Tshwane]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799072002 |title=Sub Place Bronkhorstspruit |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2022-08-08 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921194844/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799072002 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 3.11
| elevation_m             = 1375
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 3720
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = 
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = 
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = 
| demographics2_info1     = 
| demographics2_title2    = 
| demographics2_info2     = 
| demographics2_title3    = 
| demographics2_info3     = 
| demographics2_title4    = 
| demographics2_info4     = 
| demographics2_title5    = 
| demographics2_info5     = 
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 1020
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 1020
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
| area_code               = 013
}}

'''Bronkhorspruit''' ke toropo e dikilometara dile 50 ko bothaba jwa [[Pretoria]], [[Gauteng]], [[Aforika Borwa]] mola wa tsela ya N4 go lebagana le letlole la madi la Witbank. Gape e akaretsa ditoropo tse tharo; Zithobeni, Rethabiseng le Ekangala.

==Metswedi==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Edenvale</title>
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      <text bytes="2641" sha1="eocg73k6cw88fp83p2ap3o8zxlqky96" xml:space="preserve">'''Edenvale''' ke toropo se kgolo ya [[Gauteng]] e [[Aforika Borwa]].

{{Infobox settlement|name=Edenvale|image_alt=Edenvale.jpg|image_caption=Van Riebeeck Avenue, Edenvale CBD as seen from [[Greenstone Hill]]|pushpin_map=South Africa Gauteng#South Africa|coordinates={{coord|26|8|28|S|28|9|10|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_type2=Province|subdivision_type3=District|subdivision_type4=Municipality|subdivision_type5=Main Place|subdivision_name1=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_name2=[[Gauteng]]|subdivision_name4=[[Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|Ekurhuleni]]|leader_title=Councillor|area_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/797007 |title=Main Place Edenvale |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2024-07-24 |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724002414/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/797007 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|area_total_km2=20.03|population_total=49292|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|population_density_km2=auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;|demographics_type1=Racial makeup (2011)|demographics1_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics1_title1=[[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s (2011)|demographics2_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics2_title1=[[South African English|English]]|demographics2_info1=72.2%|timezone1=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)|postal_code=1609|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=1610|area_code=011|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|website=[http://ekurhuleni.gov.za ekurhuleni.gov.za]|demographics1_info1=20.5%|demographics1_info2=2.8%|demographics1_info3=8.7%|demographics1_info4=66.1%|demographics1_info5=1.9%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;|demographics1_title2=[[Coloureds|Coloured]]|demographics1_title3=[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]|demographics1_title4=[[White South African|White]]|demographics1_title5=Other|demographics2_info2=11.6%|demographics2_info3=4.5%|demographics2_info5=3.6%|demographics2_info4=4.0%|demographics2_info7=2.0%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;|demographics2_title2=[[Afrikaans]]|demographics2_title3=[[Greek language|Greek]]|demographics2_title4=[[Zulu language|Zulu]]|demographics2_title5=[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|demographics2_title6=[[Italian language|Italian]]|demographics2_title7=[[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Germiston</title>
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      <text bytes="2685" sha1="40wb2d9gmtkhecfwc0kpjow7bcqq5wo" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Gereformeerde Kerk Germiston.jpg|thumb|church housing the Gereformeerde Kerk Germiston]]
[[Setshwantsho:6th Avenue, Lambton.jpg|thumb|street kwa Germiston]]
'''Germiston''' ke toropo se kgolo ya [[Gauteng]] e [[Aforika Borwa]].
{{Infobox settlement|name=Germiston|native_name={{native name|zu|kwaDukathole}}|image_caption=The Central Business District of Germiston|image_alt=Germiston CBD.jpg|pushpin_map=South Africa Gauteng#South Africa|coordinates={{coord|26|13|4|S|28|10|2|E|region:ZA_dim:50km|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_name1=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_type2=Province|subdivision_type3=District|subdivision_type4=District|subdivision_type5=Main Place|subdivision_name2=[[Gauteng]]|subdivision_name4=[[Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|Ekurhuleni]]|subdivision_type1=Country|leader_title=Councillor|area_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/797008 |title=Main Place Germiston |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2024-07-21 |archive-date=2019-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406020045/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/797008 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|area_total_km2=143.27|population_total=255863|elevation_m=1620|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|population_density_km2=auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;|demographics_type1=Racial makeup (2011)|demographics1_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics1_title1=[[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s (2011)|demographics2_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics2_title1=[[South African English|English]]|demographics2_info1=24.3%|timezone1=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code=1401|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=1400|area_code=011|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|demographics1_info1=62.3%|demographics1_info2=2.3%|demographics1_info3=3.0%|demographics1_info4=31.3%|demographics1_info5=1.1%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;|demographics1_title2=[[Coloureds|Coloured]]|demographics1_title3=[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]|demographics1_title4=[[White South African|White]]|demographics1_title5=Other|demographics2_info2=16.6%|demographics2_info3=16.6%}}
[[Setshwantsho:Interior of St Boniface Anglican church in Germiston South Africa.JPG|thumb|Interior of St Boniface Church]]
[[Setshwantsho:Pick n Pay parking lot.jpg|thumb|Supermarket car park kwa Parkhill Gardens, Germiston (2007)]]
[[File:Germiston CBD.jpg|260px|thumb|Germiston CBD]]

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akasia</title>
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'''Akasia''' ke toropo ya [[Gauteng]] e ko lefatsheng la [[Aforika Borwa]].

{{Infobox settlement|name=Akasia|pushpin_map=South Africa Gauteng#South Africa#Africa|coordinates={{coord|25.6470|S|28.0998|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_name1=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_type1=[[Country]]|subdivision_name2=[[Gauteng]]|subdivision_type2=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|subdivision_type3=[[List of districts of South Africa|District]]|subdivision_type4=[[List of municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]|subdivision_name4=[[City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality|City of Tshwane]]|subdivision_type5=Main Place|area_note=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799037 |title=Main Place Akasia |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2024-07-16 |archive-date=2013-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926221247/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799037 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|area_total_km2=80.84|population_total=59455|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics_type1=Racial makeup (2011)|demographics1_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s (2011)|demographics2_title1=[[Tswana language|Tswana]]|demographics2_info1=23.8%|demographics1_title1=[[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]|timezone=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)|postal_code=0601|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|demographics1_info1=73.7%|demographics1_info2=1.1%|demographics1_info3=0.8%|demographics1_info4=23.9%|demographics1_info5=0.4%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;|demographics1_title2=[[Coloureds|Coloured]]|demographics1_title3=[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]|demographics1_title4=[[White South African|White]]|demographics1_title5=Other|demographics2_info2=23.3%|demographics2_info3=12.4%|demographics2_info4=9.9%|demographics2_info5=30.6%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;|demographics2_title2=[[Afrikaans]]|demographics2_title3=[[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]|demographics2_title4=[[South African English|English]]|demographics2_title5=Other}}

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bekkersdal</title>
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'''Bekkersdal''' ke toropo ya [[Gauteng]] e ko lefatsheng la [[Aforika Borwa]].

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Bekkersdal
| image_skyline           = Mounted police in Bekkersdal, South Africa.jpg
| image_caption           = Mounted police in Bekkersdal, ahead of the [[South African general election, 2014|2014 election]]
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|26|16|S|27|42|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = Province
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gauteng]]
| subdivision_type2       = District
| subdivision_name2       = [[West Rand District Municipality|West Rand]]
| subdivision_type3       = Municipality
| subdivision_name3       = [[Rand West City Local Municipality|Rand West City]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/765002 |title=Main Place Bekkersdal |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2022-06-22 |archive-date=2022-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614123129/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/765002 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 27.90
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 47213
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 98.2%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 0.4%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 0.2%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 0.1%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 1.1%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info1     = 30.5%
| demographics2_title2    = [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
| demographics2_info2     = 19.3%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
| demographics2_info3     = 16.0%
| demographics2_title4    = [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]
| demographics2_info4     = 13.9%
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 20.3%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 1779
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 1772
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
}}

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Blyvooruitzicht</title>
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      <text bytes="3050" sha1="5foj5qt3tys9sxk6un0dz822w3mfwh8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Blyvooruitzicht
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|26|24|4.42|S|27|24|6.39|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = Province
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gauteng]]
| subdivision_type2       = District
| subdivision_name2       = [[West Rand District Municipality|West Rand]]
| subdivision_type3       = Municipality
| subdivision_name3       = [[Merafong City Local Municipality|Merafong City]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/766015 |title=Main Place Blyvooruitzicht |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2022-09-28 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928043632/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/766015 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 3.71
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 698
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 84.2%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 15.8%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info1     = 26.8%
| demographics2_title2    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2     = 15.2%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Tswana language|Tswana]]
| demographics2_info3     = 12.3%
| demographics2_title4    = [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
| demographics2_info4     = 10.5%
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 35.2%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
}}

'''Blyvooruitzicht''' ke moepo wa gauta gape ke legae le le kwa [[Gauteng]], [[Aferika Borwa]]. Blyvooruitzicht o dikilomitara dile 80 bophirima gotswa kwa [[Johannesburg]].

== Metswedi ==
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  <page>
    <title>Brakpan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5109</id>
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      <text bytes="3312" sha1="qigqc6js47csxqcdatz38e0qormx9jm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Brakpan
| image_skyline           = [[File:Pentecost Protestant Church-Brakpan-001.jpg|200px]]
| image_caption           = Pentecost Protestant Church, Abramowitz Street, Brakpan
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|26|14|07|S|28|22|12|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gauteng]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Districts of South Africa|District]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality|Ekurhuleni]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/797022 |title=Main Place Brakpan |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2022-08-05 |archive-date=2022-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816184932/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/797022 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 182.81
| elevation_m             = 1631
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 73080
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 39.7%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 2.5%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 4.1%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 53.3%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 0.4%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info1     = 47.2%
| demographics2_title2    = [[South African English|English]]
| demographics2_info2     = 16.5%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info3     = 14.3%
| demographics2_title4    = [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
| demographics2_info4     = 4.8%
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 17.2%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 1540
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 1540
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
| area_code               = 011
| website                 = http://www.brakpan-online.co.za/
}}

'''Brakpan''' ke toropo ya [[Gauteng]] ko lefatsheng la [[Aforika Borwa]].

==Segologolo==

==Metswedi==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ennerdale, Gauteng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5110</id>
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      <text bytes="2933" sha1="bksgh6qxqdwsycn6vo1y95f5kt36y1e" xml:space="preserve">'''Ennerdale''' ke toropo ya [[Gauteng]] e [[Aforika Borwa]].

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Ennerdale
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|26|24|35|S|27|50|13|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = Province
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gauteng]]
| subdivision_type2       = District
| subdivision_type3       = Municipality
| subdivision_name3       = [[City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality|City of Johannesburg]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| leader_party            = [ANC (South Africa]
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/798033 |title=Main Place Ennerdale |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2022-06-22 |archive-date=2016-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506191520/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/798033 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 21.33
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 71815
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 65.7%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 32.9%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 0.6%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 0.1%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 0.7%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info1     = 19.6%
| demographics2_title2    = [[South African English|English]]
| demographics2_info2     = 18.4%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info3     = 17.6%
| demographics2_title4    = [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
| demographics2_info4     = 16.1%
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 28.3%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 1830
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 1826
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
}}

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cullinan, Gauteng</title>
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    <id>5114</id>
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      <text bytes="4737" sha1="bvms3mlnm4obm7s2qwkqjafbnwyr9cw" xml:space="preserve">'''Gullinan''' ke toropo e nnyane mo  [[Gauteng]] ko lefatseng la [[Aforika Borwa]]. E dikilomitara di le masome a mararo ko borwa jwa toropo ya [[Pretoria]] toropo ee e filwe leina morago ga moepo wa diteemane [[Thomas Cullinan (diamond magnate)|Sir Thomas Cullinan]].Cullinan ke toropo e nnye mo porofenseng ya Gauteng mo Aforika Borwa. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le 30 kwa botlhaba jwa toropo ya Pretoria go bapa le tsela ya ditaemane mme e ikaegile thata ka bojanala le moepo o o laolang loapi. Toropo eno e reeletswe ka mogwebi wa diteemane e bong Sir Thomas Cullinan.

== Histori ==
Ka 1898 Motlotlegi Thomas Cullinan o ne a newa teemane ya dikerata tse tharo e e neng e fitlhelwa gaufi le legora la polasi nngwe. O ne a tlhatlhoba lefelo leo mme a swetsa ka gore teemane eno e ne ya tshololwa ke metsi go tswa mo thoteng e e fa gaufi. Motlotlegi Cullinan o ne a leka go reka lefatshe leo mo go mong wa lone, Joachim Prinsloo, mme ga a ka a atlega. Morago ga loso lwa ga Prinsloo, o ne a kgona go reka lefatshe ka £52,000 go tswa go morwadia Prinsloo. Kimberlite ya Cullinan e ne ya ribololwa ka 1902 mme ka 1903 go ne ga simololwa meepo e e bulegileng. Meepo eno e ne ya bidiwa moepo wa Tonakgolo. Ka 25 Seetebosigo 1905, Cullinan Diamond e e itsegeng thata, e e neng e le kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng ya dikerata di le 3,106 (621.2 g), e ne ya bonwa ke Frederick George Stanley Wells, manejara wa kwa godimo wa Premier Diamond Mining Company. E ne ya rekwa ke puso ya Transvaal mme ya neelwa Kgosi Edward VII.

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Cullinan
| image_skyline           = Cullinan.jpg
| image_caption           = The main street in Cullinan
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|25|40|22|S|28|31|15|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Country]] 
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of South Africa|Province]] 
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gauteng]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of South Africa|District]] 
| subdivision_type3       = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]] 
| subdivision_name3       = [[City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality|City of Tshwane]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| established_date        = 1903
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799049 |title=Main Place Cullinan |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2022-06-23 |archive-date=2013-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926221312/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799049 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 55.66
| elevation_m             = 1450
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 8693
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 64.3%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 2.7%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 0.5%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 31.7%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 0.8%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info1     = 48.9%
| demographics2_title2    = [[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]
| demographics2_info2     = 15.6%
| demographics2_title3    = [[South African English|English]]
| demographics2_info3     = 9.2%
| demographics2_title4    = [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
| demographics2_info4     = 5.9%
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 20.3%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 1000
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 1000
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
| area_code               = 012
| website                 = http://www.cullinan.za.net/
}}

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Devon, Gauteng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5116</id>
    <revision>
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      <text bytes="2646" sha1="8rymej8rnysclsamn62wcfl6kmacoxg" xml:space="preserve">'''Devon''' ke toropo ya [[Gauteng]] e ko lefatsheng la [[Aforika Borwa]].

== Tiro ==
Motse o o dikilometara di le 18 go ya kwa bophirima jwa Leslie le dikilometara di le 40 go ya kwa botlhaba-botlhaba-botlhaba jwa Springs. E ne ya reelelwa ka leina la kgaolo ya kwa Engelane e e neng e le legae la motlhatlhobi yo o neng a e dira. Go botlhokwa mo gase ya tlholego mo tikologong.{{Infobox settlement|name=Devon|pushpin_map=South Africa Gauteng#South Africa|coordinates={{coord|26.356389|S|28.785|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_type3=District|subdivision_type2=Province|subdivision_type4=Municipality|subdivision_name2=[[Gauteng]]|subdivision_name1=[[South Africa]]|subdivision_name3=[[Sedibeng District Municipality|Sedibeng]]|subdivision_name4=[[Lesedi Local Municipality|Lesedi]]|leader_title=Councillor|area_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/762006 |title=Main Place Devon |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723235252/http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/762006 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|area_total_km2=1.37|population_total=347|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|population_density_km2=auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;|demographics_type1=Racial makeup (2011)|demographics1_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics1_title1=[[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]|demographics_type2=[[First language]]s (2011)|demographics2_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;|demographics2_title1=[[Afrikaans]]|demographics2_info1=41.9%|timezone1=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|postal_code_type=[[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)|postal2_code_type=[[Post-office box|PO box]]|postal2_code=2260|area_code=017|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]|demographics1_info1=44.7%|demographics1_info2=2.3%|demographics1_info3=8.9%|demographics1_info4=42.4%|demographics1_info5=1.7%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;|demographics1_title2=[[Coloureds|Coloured]]|demographics1_title3=[[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]|demographics1_title4=[[White South African|White]]|demographics1_title5=Other|demographics2_info2=26.2%|demographics2_info3=11.6%|demographics2_info4=7.0%|demographics2_info5=13.4%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;|demographics2_title2=[[Zulu language|Zulu]]|demographics2_title3=[[South African English|English]]|demographics2_title4=[[Southern Ndebele language|S. Ndebele]]|demographics2_title5=Other}}

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  <page>
    <title>Henley on Klip</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>5119</id>
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      <text bytes="3190" sha1="csxtzbmywvwui65if5uhh1crld0vl8w" xml:space="preserve">'''Henley on Klip''' ke toropo ya [[Gauteng]] e, e ko lefatsheng la [[Aforika Borwa]].
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Henley on Klip
| image_skyline           = Henley sign.jpg
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Gauteng#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|26|32|7|S|28|03|40|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Country]] 
| subdivision_name        = [[South Africa]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces of South Africa|Province]] 
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gauteng]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of South Africa|District]] 
| subdivision_name2       = [[Sedibeng District Municipality|Sedibeng]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[List of municipalities of South Africa|Municipality]] 
| subdivision_name3       = [[Midvaal Local Municipality|Midvaal]]
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| established_date        = 1904
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/761006006 |title=Sub Place Henley on Klip |work=Census 2011 |access-date=2022-06-26 |archive-date=2022-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614122147/https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/761006006 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 11.37
| population_footnotes    = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| population_total        = 5874
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
&lt;!-- demographics (section 1) --&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black African]]
| demographics1_info1     = 40.2%
| demographics1_title2    = [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
| demographics1_info2     = 2.4%
| demographics1_title3    = [[Indian South African|Indian]]/[[Asian South African|Asian]]
| demographics1_info3     = 1.5%
| demographics1_title4    = [[White South African|White]]
| demographics1_info4     = 55.6%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 0.4%
&lt;!-- demographics (section 2) --&gt;
| demographics_type2      = [[First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;census2011&quot; /&gt;
| demographics2_title1    = [[English language|English]]
| demographics2_info1     = 41.9%
| demographics2_title2    = [[Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2     = 27.9%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| demographics2_info3     = 9.8%
| demographics2_title4    = [[Sotho language|Sotho]]
| demographics2_info4     = 7.8%
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 12.6%
&lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Other information --&gt;
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[List of postal codes in South Africa|Postal code]] (street)
| postal_code             = 1961
| postal2_code_type       = [[Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 1962
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in South Africa|Area code]]
| area_code               = 016
}}

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Itumeleng Duiker</title>
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      <text bytes="4028" sha1="cwhue0qpbnuqx0loxeo1s8077vprx7h" xml:space="preserve">'''Itumeleng Duiker''' (o tshotswe ka 16 Firikgong ka ngwaga wa 1972) ke motshameki wa pele wa kgwele ya dinao wa lefatshe la  [[Botswana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/973/Itumeleng_Duiker.html Itumeleng Duiker] National Football Teams. ''E bonwe ka 25 Phalane 2022''&lt;/ref&gt; O tshameketse setlhopha sa setšhaba sa Botswana go simolola ka 1992 go emma ka 2000 ka jaana ke mokatisi mogolo wa setlhopha sa [[Extension Gunners]].

{{Infobox football biography|name=Itumeleng Duiker|full_name=Itumeleng Duiker|birth_date={{birth date and age|1972|1|16|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Botswana]]|position=Midfielder|years1=1991–1994|years2=1998–1999|years3=2000–2001|clubs1=[[Extension Gunners]]|clubs2=[[Dynamos F.C. (South Africa)|Dynamos]]|clubs3=[[Extension Gunners]]|nationalteam1=[[Botswana national football team|Botswana]]|nationalyears1=1992-2000}}

== Tiro ya gagwe ya go tshameka kgwele ==
Duiker o ne a tshameka jaaka motshameki yo o fa gare ga motshameko. O ne a tshamekela setlhopha sa setšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana fa gare ga dingwaga tsa 1992 le 2000.  Mo nakong ya gompieno, Duiker ke mokatisi mogolo wa Extension Gunners mo [[Botswana Premier League]]. 

Duiker o ne a nosa nno e le nngwe fela ya Botswana mo tatlhegelong ya dino tse pedi go e le nngwe (2-1) ya setlhopha sa Botswana fa se tshameka kgatlhanong le sa Nigeria ka nako ya go ipatlela phatlha mo kgaisanong ya 1994 FIFA World Cup. Gape o ne a nna le seabe mo setlhopheng sa Extension Gunners se se neng sa fenya [[Botswana Premier League]] gararo ka tatelano magareng ga dingwaga tsa 1992 le 1994.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/coca-cola-sponsorship-proves-be-consistent-and-durable|title=Coca-Cola Sponsorship proves to be consistent and durable|publisher=Sunday Standard|access-date=2022-10-25|archive-date=2019-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404003515/http://www.sundaystandard.info/coca-cola-sponsorship-proves-be-consistent-and-durable|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka setlha sa kgwele ya dinao sa 1998/99 Duiker o ne  a ya kwa lefatsheng la Aforika Borwa a ya go tshamekela setlhopha sa Dynamos Giyani. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tiro ya go nna mokatisi ==
Go tloga ka 2018, Duiker ke mokatisi mogolo wa Extension Gunners.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://botswanapremierleague.com/news/746604/Gunners-coach-Duiker-rues-injuries|title=Gunners coach Duiker rues injuries|publisher=Botswana Premier League|date=11 April 2018|access-date=25 October 2022|archive-date=18 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054550/https://botswanapremierleague.com/news/746604/Gunners-coach-Duiker-rues-injuries|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; O tsere maemo ka  ngwaga wa 2017 jaaka motsamaisi yo o tlhokometseng setlhopha mme o ne a ntsha maduo a mantle thata mme a fiwa maemo a nako e e tletseng/sennela ruri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=70160&amp;dir=2017/july/11|title=Duiker to lead Gunners on permanent basis|date=11 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duiker o kile gape a etelela pele setlhopha sa setšhaba sa Botswana sa bana ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le 17.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://botswanapremierleague.com/news/753309/Gunners-Duicker-pleased-with-Botswana-U17-progress|title=Gunners' Duicker (sic) pleased with Botswana U17 progress|date=5 July 2018|publisher=Botswana Premier League|access-date=25 October 2022|archive-date=18 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218054640/https://botswanapremierleague.com/news/753309/Gunners-Duicker-pleased-with-Botswana-U17-progress|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Tse di kwa ntle ==

* [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/973.html Itumeleng Duiker] kwa [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/973.html National-Football-Teams.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121107122733/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=3224/index.html Itumeleng Duiker at FIFA.com] at [[:en:Archive.today|archive.today]] (archived 2013-01-23</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2346" sha1="kqlazggwkcj6uoc2jdpqpftqiftonkk" xml:space="preserve">==  Ka ga CAAB ==
'''Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana''' ('''CAAB''') ke molaodi wa difofande tsa selegae wa [[Botswana]]. Ntlokgolo ya yona e kwa Letsema Office Park kwa [[Gaborone]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190430204433/http://www.caab.co.bw/caab-contactus.php Contact Us]&quot; (). Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana. Retrieved on February 8, 2014. &quot;Plot 61920, Letsema Office Park, P.O.Box 250 Gaborone, Botswana.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Civil Aviation Authority Act, 2004 (CAA Act, 2004) e tlhomile khadmpani, e ka 2009 e neng ya simolola go dira ka botlalo. Mokgatlho wa pele e ne e lde Department of Civil Aviation ('''DCA'''), o o neng o le kafa tlase ga Ministry of Works and Transport.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070328210933/http://www.dca.gov.bw/ Home page] (). Department of Civil Aviation. March 28, 2007. Retrieved on February 8, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana (CAAB) e na le maikarabelo a go laola le go tlhabolola dipalangwa tsa sefofane, go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa go tsamaisa difofane, go tsamaisa difofaneng le go gakolola puso ka dikarolo tsotlhe tsa difofane tsa selegae.


Ke Setheo sa Molao se se tlhomilweng ke Molao wa Taolo ya Difofane tsa Setšhaba wa 2004 mme se simolotse go dira ka botlalo jaaka molaodi yo o ikemetseng ka nosi ka la 1 Moranang 2009.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190323211525/http://www.caab.co.bw/caab-content.php?cid=21 About CAAB]&quot; () Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana. Retrieved on February 8, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tswelela go nna dteng ga CAAB go ne ga dirwa ke Civil Aviation Act, 2011 e e neng ya fedisa Molao wa pele o o neng o tlhoma Taolo. Pele ga e tlhomiwa, bontsi jwa ditiro tsa yona di ne di dirwa ke Lefapha la pele la Difofane tsa Setšhaba (DCA). Molao wa CAA wa 2004 o tlhalosa gore Taolo e tla dirad ditiro tsa yona go ya ka melao e e siameng ya kgwebo le ya madi, mme e tla tlhomamisa go ya bokgakaleng jo bo kgonegang, gore lotseno lwa yona lo lekane go fitlhelela ditshenyegelo tse di ka duelelwang sentle mo lotseno lwa yone. [citation needed]

== Ditshupiso ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Dikarolo tse di kwa ntle ==

*
*
{{Ministries of Botswana|state=expanded}}{{authority control}}
[[Karolo:Goromente]]
[[Karolo:Civil Aviation Authority]]
[[Karolo:Mesepele ya difofane]]
[[Karolo:Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gaolese Kent Koma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="7150" sha1="rqxsan9vnlckebnkrkrx901rnd9mmge" xml:space="preserve">'''Gaolese Kent Koma''' e ne e le lepolotiki le mogwebi mo [[Botswana]]. O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1918 Kgwedi ya Morule e le malatsi a supa, mme a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 2006 kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a robabongwe.&lt;ref&gt;Mooketsi,Lekopanye. (14 March 2006).[http://allafrica.com/stories/200603150426.html ''&quot;allAfrica.com: Botswana: BDP Veteran Dies&quot;''].AllAfrica.com.Retrieved 13 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a nna mopalamente wa motse wa [[Mahalapye]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go fitlha ka wa 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213244/http://www.olddailynews.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060320 ''&quot;BOPA &amp;amp;#124; 20 March 200''6&quot;].Archived from  on 2013-07-30.Retrieved 11 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kgolo le dithuto ==
O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1918 Kgwedi ya Morule e le malatsi a supa kwa [[Shoshong]], mme a tloga a fuduga le ba lolwapa lwa gagwe go ya go thibelela kwa kgaolong ya legare la Botswana kwa motseng wa [[Serowe]] kwa kgotleng ya Ditlharapeng. Rraagwe e bong Nkgabong Dintwe e ne ele molemi morui e bile e le kgosana. Mmaagwe e bong Gabaetelwe Dintwe Koma e ne e le mmalolwapa o o neng a fetsa nako e ntsi kwa tshimong. Koma ke ngwana wa bofelo mo baneng ba le bane, basimane ba le bararo le mosetsana a le mongwe. E ne ele leloko la mophato wa Malekantwa o o neng o na le dithaka tsa gagwe jaaka Moutlakgola P.K Nwako, Lenyeletse Seretse, Kenneth Koma le Monametsi Chiepe. Fa a ne a santse a le mosimane, Koma o ne a nna kwa morakeng thata a thusa mo thuong ya dikgomo le dihutshane tse dingwe. 

O simolotse sekolo kwa sekolong sa Central ka ngwaga wa 1930 a le dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi, a tsweledisa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa sekolong sa [[Khama Memorial]]. Jaaka e ne e le tlwaelo ka dingwaga tsa tlhaolele kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], o ne a ya go tsweledisa dithuto tsa gagwe tse di kgolwane fa dingwaga tsa di ne di simolola. O ne a ithutela tsa madi le kgwebo kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Endeleni High Institute kwa [[Pietermaritzburg]] kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu Natal]]. O ne a simolola go berekela banka kwa [[Kapa Bophirima|Kapa]] ka ngwaga wa 1949. E ne ya re ka ngwaga wa 1951 a boela gae kwa Mahalapye go simolola kgwebo ya lolwapa e e neng e bidiwa Koma brothers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; E e ne e le lebentlele le le tlhakanetsweng ke ene le bo morwarraagwe le bontsalae, maikaelelo a lone e le go kolotisa beng gae ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa tlase. Mongwe wa banaleseabe mo kgwebong e e ne e le [[Kenneth Koma]].

O ne a nyala Mable Pinnie Koma o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1924 mme a tlhokafala ka 2008, o pele a neng a dirisa sefane sa Mpa ka ngwaga wa 1953 kgwedi ya Phalane kwa [[Mahikeng]] kwa Aforika Borwa. Ba ne ba kopantswe ke Kenneth Koma kwa Moeng College kwa Bokone botlhaba jwa Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20171014134012/http://whoswho.co.za/edward-koma-493019 &quot;Edward Koma &amp;amp;#124; Who's Who SA&quot;].''Whoswho.co.za.Retrieved 19 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Mable Pinnie Mpa e ne e le mooki ka nako e o kwa Moeng College.

== Polotiki ==
O ne a tsena mo go tsa polotiki ka ngwaga wa 1955 e bile a le bokopanong jwa ntlha jo bo simolodisitseng Botswana Democratic Party e neng e itsege ka Bechuanaland Democratic Party. Mo bokopanong jo o ne a na le [[Seretse Khama]], Goareng Mosinyi, Lenyeletse Seretse, Moutlakgola P.K Nwako, [[Quett Masire]] le ba bangwe. Pele ntsalae [[Kenneth Koma]] o ne a kile a leka go mo ngoka gore ba simolole pathi ya bone ya sepolotiki e e tla itsegeng ka leina la [[Botswana National Front]], &lt;ref&gt;http://www.mmegi.bw/index.phpsid=6&amp;aid=1170&amp;dir=2010/March/Tuesday23%5B%5D&lt;/ref&gt; mme o ne a gana mogopolo o,&lt;ref&gt;Vetkasi,Vetkasi.19 October 2007.''[http://stswana.blogspot.com/2007/10/african-front-in-perspective.html &quot;Botswana: The African 'Front' in Perspective&quot;].''Stswana.blogspot.com.Retrieved 19 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; a simolodisa botsala le Quett Masire, tautona wa bobedi wa lefatshe la Botswana mo ntsalae a neng a nyala kgaitsadie Masire. Tsala ya botlhe e ne ele Lemme Makgekgenene, mopalamente wa pele wa [[Tonota]]. Ba ne ba abelana megopolo le ditebelopele ka lefatshe la Botswana. O ne a nna mopalamente wa ntlha wa Mahalapye morago ga boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1965.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130623030927/http://www.parliament.gov.bw/about-parliament/history/first-parliament-of-botswana &quot;First Parliament of Botswana&quot;].(2012).'' Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130623030927/http://www.parliament.gov.bw/about-parliament/history/first-parliament-of-botswana the original] on ''23'' June 2013.Retrieved 13 July 2013&lt;/ref&gt; Fa godimo ga moo o ne a tsaya maemo a go nna modulasetilo BDP wa kgaolo ya legare ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena ka wa 1985. O nnile leloko la dikomiti tsa palamente di le dintsi jaaka ya go tshwara madi, ya tsa selegae le tse dingwe.[http://www.parliament.gov.bw/about-parliament/historyhttp://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=14696&amp;GroupID=4/first-parliament-of-botswana] O tsere mesepele ka tsa tiro go ya kwa mafatsheng a sele a akaretsa [[USA|United States of America]] ([[Mexico|Mexico,]] Nevada le Florida), la Austria le ditoropo tse dintsi kwa ga mmamosadinyana. Koma o ne a rutuntsha a bo a tsisa maloko a masha mo BDP go akaretsa modulasetilo wa BDP rre [[Daniel Kwelagobe]] o a neng a mmitsa setlogolo sa gagwe le mothusa tona ya tsa selegae le ditlhabololo [[Botlogile tshireletso|Botlogile Tshireletso]]. O ne a ithola marapo mo go tsa sepolotiki ka ngwaga wa 1994 mme Mompati Merafhe a mo tlhatlhama. Koma o ne a eleditse gore a tlhatlhamiwe ke Anna Lesolle, mme o ne a nna le phadisanyo e e mashetla go tswa kwa go Mompati Merafhe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=14696&amp;GroupID=4 &quot;Sunday Standard – Online Edition&quot;]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20140820003137/http://www.sundaystandard.info/article.php?NewsID=14696&amp;GroupID=4 the original] on 2014-08-20.Sundaystandard.info.Retrieved 19 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fa a setse a godile ==
Pele ga a tlhokafala, Koma o ne a lwala bolwetse jwa go swa mohama, bo bo mo simolotseng ka ngwaga wa 1997 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-143328968/bdp-veteran-dies.html|title=|publisher=Accessmylibrary.com}}{{dl|date=July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka 2006. O ne a tswelela ka go nna morui wa dikgomo wa tlhwatlhwa go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 2006, kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a robabongwe.

O lemogiwa ka tiro ya gagwe ya go tlhabolola Mahalapye go tswa mo go nneng motsana go nna motse setoropo ka ngwaga wa 1994, ka go aga dikago, ditsela le go fa barui ba ba botlana tshono ya go rekisa.Ene le mosadi wa gagwe ba ne ba simolola sekolo se se botlana se se ikemetseng sa Montsamaisa kwa Mahalapye, se se neng se amogela banana ba le bantsi ba ba sa dirang sentle mo dithutong tse dibotlana ebile ba sa kgone go boela sekolong. Kwa BDP o ne a bonwa e le mongwe wa ba ba diretseng phathi ka botswapelo ba sa solofele sepe, o nnile le karolo mo go simolodiseng phathi, go kwadisa maloko a masha le go nna mo letsholong la go rekisa phathi mo lefatsheng la Botswana le le neng le apesitswe ke lehuma go fitlhelela a tlogela ka ngwaga wa 1997.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ann Gollifer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7922" sha1="0sy3oy05k9idmrlsqgsrjk5exxxoh9k" xml:space="preserve">Ann Mary Gollifer ke motaki wa lotso lwa kwa [[:en:United_Kingdom|Britain]] le [[:en:Guyana|Guyana]] o mo nakong ya gompieno a nnang kwa [[Gaborone]], [[Botswana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230926122442/https://gunsandrain.com/artist/ann-gollifer/ &quot;Ann Gollifer&quot;]. ''Guns &amp; Rain''. Retrieved 2019-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt; O tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1960. Tiro ya gagwe ya puo ya ga mme (Mother Tongue) e ka bonwa kwa masupelong a Sainsbury African Galleries, e le bontlha jwa dikgobokanyo tsa [[:en:British_Museum|British Museum]] tsa sennela ruri.&lt;ref&gt;Spring, C. (2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230707175638/https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/17326/1/AAAChrisMiddxFinal2.pdf &quot;A way of life: Considering and curating the Sainsbury African Galleries&quot; (PDF).] ''Middlesex University'' (Context statement). [[:en:Semantic_Scholar|S2CID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-way-of-life%3A-considering-and-curating-the-African-Spring/8799374302bb5a5a6cd12c5b09410075f6023339 194102541.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
[[Setshwantsho:Ann Gollifer's studio.jpg|thumb|'''Ann Gollifer's studio''']]
Gollifer o tsholetswe kwa [[:en:Mabaruma|Mabaruma]], kwa bokone bophirima jwa [[:en:British_Guiana|British Guiana]], kwa jaanong e leng kgaolo ya [[:en:Barima-Waini|Barima-Waini]] ya Guyana. Mmagwe ke wa lotso lwa [[:en:Warao_people|Warao]]-[[:en:Arawak|Arawak]] Amerindian mme rragwe ene e le wa lotso la sekgoa. ka ngwaga wa 1962, batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba fudugela kwa ditlhaketlhakeng tsa [[:en:Solomon_Islands|Solomon Islands]], mme ya re a le dingwaga di le bosupa a isiwang sekolong se go nniwang kwa go sone sa Ursuline Convent kwa [[:en:Brentwood,_Essex|Brentwood Essex]]. O ne a tsweledisa dithuto kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[:en:University_of_Edinburgh|University of Edinburgh]] a dira Padi mo sekgoeng (English Literature) le ditso tsa botaki (Art History) go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1979, mme a aloga ka honours degree in History of Art ka ngwaga wa 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://asai.co.za/artist/ann-gollifer/ &quot;Ann Gollifer&quot;]. ''Asai''. Retrieved 2019-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a ya go bereka kwa [[:en:London|London]] kwa [[:en:Christie's|Christie's]] Contemporary Art pele ga a fudugela kwa Gaborone, Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1985.


Gollifer o berekile e le Senior Technical Officer ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa mosimolodisi wa [[:en:Botswana_National_Museum|Botswana National Museum]], [[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Alec Campbell]]. Ka nako e, o ne a bereka gape tiro e e seng ya letsatsi lotlhe kwa [[:en:Phuthadikobo_Museum|Phuthadikobo Museum]] kwa [[Mochudi]] le Sandy Grant, mosimolodisi ibile e le moeteledipele wa mabolokelo a o a ditso.


Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1991 go tsena ka 201, o ne a le leloko la komiti e e okametseng e bile e tsamaisa ditirelo tsa dithuto tsa Thapong tsa bataki ba mafatshefatshe mo Botswana.Thapong, e e simolodisitsweng ke Veryan Edwards ka ngwaga wa 1988, e e ne e le letlhogela la [[:en:Triangle_Arts_Trust|Triangle Arts Trust]] e e simolodisitsweng ke [[:en:Robert_Loder|Robert Loder]] le [[:en:Anthony_Caro|Anthony Caro]] ka ngwaga wa 1982. Gollifer o e neng e le leloko la motaki la komiti ya Thapong, o ne a thusa go tsamaisa dithuto tsa mafatshefatshe  le dithto tse dipotlana mo gae ngwaga mongwe le mongwe, mme ebile e le leloko la komiti kgolo e e neng ya aga Thapong Visual Art Centre mo Gaborone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190515100952/https://www.konstnarsnamnden.se/default.aspx?id=21625 &quot;Konstnärsnämnden - Ann Gollifer&quot;]. ''www.konstnarsnamnden.se''. Retrieved 2019-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka lenaneo la Thapong, bataki ba mafatshefatshe ba ne ba kopana go amogana ka botaki jwa bone, se se ne sa amanya Gollifer le bataki ba bangwe, bataki ba ditso, le batlhokomedi ba mabolokelo a ditso jaaka Chris Spring, motlhokomedi wa pele wa Sainsbury African Galleries, [[:en:British_Museum|British Museum]], Polly Savage, [[:en:SOAS_University_of_London|SOAS University of London]], [[:en:Goddy_Leye|Goddy Leye]], Lutanda Mwamb, Baba Jaak, [[:en:Vanessa_Jackson|Vanessa Jackson,]] Diana Hyslop, [[:en:Kagiso_Patrick_Mautloa|Kagiso Patrick Mautloa]] le [[:en:David_Koloane|David Koloane.]]

Steve Jobson o tlhalositse tiro ya ga Gollifer mo puong ya gagwe ya ditshupo tsa bataki tsa ngwaga wa 2009 kwa mabolokelong a ditso a sechaba a National Museum and Art Gallery kwa Gaborone are Ann Gollifer ke motaki o o supileng bothakga mo go tsa setegeniki, tshimolodiso le mekgabisa se se direleng gore bontsi bo lebelele fa bo tlhaelang teng. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[http://www.galleries.co.uk/pr/2010/jun-10/fI-BICHA-WhatamIdo-2/SfI-BICHA-WhatamIdo-2.pdf What am I doing here? Ke dirang ha?] galleries.co.uk June 2010. Retrieved 4 August 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshupo ==

=== Ditshupo tsa a le nosi ===

* Omang? - &quot;Who are you?&quot;, Sophie Lalonde Art, Gaborone , Botswana, 2015 &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thegazette.news/entertainment/ann-gollifer-shows-at-sophie-lalonde-art/ &quot;Ann Gollifer shows at Sophie Lalonde Art&quot;.] ''Botswana Gazette''. Retrieved 2019-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sundaystandard.info/ann-gollifer%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98omang%E2%80%99-opening-exhibition-night-art-and-poetry &quot;Ann Gollifer's 'Omang' Opening Exhibition: A Night of Art and Poetry&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. Retrieved 2019-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Branded, The Frame Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana, 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Living on an Horizon - A tribute to Bessie Head, circa on Jelliecoe, The Everard Read Gallery, [[Johannesburg]], South Africa, 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* What am I Doing Here? - Ke Dirang ha?, Bicha Gallery, Gabriel's Wharf,South Bank, London, UK,2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Linhas de Sangue, Territories of the Heart, Museu Nacional de Arte, [[:en:Maputo|Maputo]], [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]],2006&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Ditshupo tse di kopanetsweng le ba bangwe kgotsa tsa ditlhopha ===

* Love Is...,The Bkhz Gallery, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2019
* FIAC, ba emetse ke Guns and Rain,[[:en:Paris|Paris]], [[:en:France|France]], 2018

== Dikgobokanyo tsa sechaba ==

* Kgobokanyo ya Unisa Art Gallery, [[:en:Pretoria|Pretoria]], [[Aforika Borwa|South Africa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Sainsbury African Galleries, The British Museum London, UK&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Triangle International Art Workshops, [[:en:New_York_City|New York]], [[:en:United_States|USA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* [[:en:Alliance_française|Alliance Francaise]], Johannesburg, South Africa&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* National Museum, Gaborone, Botswana&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Thapong International Art Workshop, Gaborone, Botswana&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Mbile Art Collection, [[:en:Lusaka|Lusaka]], [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* Botswana Life Insurance Ltd. Gaborone, Botswana&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* [[:en:Bank_of_Botswana|Bank of Botswana]] Art Collection, Gaborone, Botswana&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Dibuka ==

* 2015: Men With Tales (Eggsson Books)&lt;ref&gt;[https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11890064 &quot;Men with tales: short stories and tall tales from the guides of the Okavango Delta&quot;.] ''Stanford University Libraries''. Retrieved 2019-10-03.&lt;/ref&gt; ISBN 978-99968-0-358-1
* 2015: A Frog in Her Throat (Snow Moon Editions) ISBN 979-10-91596-10-7, ISBN 979-10-91596-09-1
* 2011: I dont know why i was created. DADA, Coex'Ae Qgam (with Jenny Egner, Eggsson Books). ISBN 978-99912-938-1-3&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* 2004: The Nata Baobab (Botsalano Press) ISBN 99912-531-5-7 &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Dikopo tsa botaki ==

* Suit e e diretsweng Carter Foster, motlhokomedi wa Whitney Museum of American Art, e a neng a e apara a ya moletlong wa Burning Man ka 2009, kwa New York, USA
* Setshwantsho se se dirilweng ka tshipi sa Maitisong Dancers sa boleele jwa di mithara di le lesome le bobedi le bophara jwa dimithara di le nne, kwa kgorong ya Maitisong Theatre, kwa Gaborone Botswana
* Donor Windows, kwa sepateleng sa [[:en:Princess_Marina_Hospital|Princess Marina]] kwa Gaborone, Botswana

== Metswedi ==</text>
      <sha1>0sy3oy05k9idmrlsqgsrjk5exxxoh9k</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Kagiso Lediga</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6626" sha1="kjh4butmw4xkssuw4rbqzdu6odggldy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Kagiso Lediga|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1978|05|06|df=y}}|birth_place=South Africa|nationality=South African|occupation=Actor, filmmaker, writer, comedian|known for=''[[Queen Sono]]'', ''[[Catching Feelings (2017 film)|Catching Feelings]]'', ''Bunny Chow'', Pure Monate Show, The Bantu Hour}}

'''Kagiso Lediga''' o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga ya 1978 ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le marataro ke rra metlae, modiragatsi, mokwadi, le mokaedi wa Motswana wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ke mosimolodi ebile motlhagisi wa setshwantsho sa motshikinyego se se supiwang mo [[:en:Netflix|Netflix]] sa [[:en:Queen_Sono|Queen Sono s]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;e se simolotseng go supiwa ka ngwaga wa 2020, kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le malatsia le masome mabedi le boferabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;Winifred, Chisom (10 December 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231002204734/https://glamafrica.com/queen-sono &quot;Queen is coming: Queen Sono premieres February 28th, 2020&quot;.] ''Glam Africa''. Retrieved 11 December 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Isama, Antoinette (11 June 2019). [https://www.okayafrica.com/production-for-queen-sono-netflix-first-african-original-series-is-underway/ &quot;Production for 'Queen Sono,' Netflix's First African Original Series, Is Underway&quot;.] ''OkayAfrica''. Retrieved 12 June 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Buso, Oyama (10 February 2019). [https://www.msn.com/en-za/entertainment/local/kagiso-lediga-speaks-about-queen-sono-%E2%80%93-africas-first-netflix-original-series/ar-BBTosOO &quot;Kagiso Lediga speaks about Queen Sono – Africa's First Netflix Original Series&quot;.] MSN Entertainment. Retrieved 6 May 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;van Zyl, Gareth (12 February 2019). [https://www.biznews.com/good-hope-project/2019/02/12/movie-matwetwe-director-kagiso-lediga &quot;Hitting highs with movie hit Matwetwe: Meet director Kagiso Lediga&quot;]. BizNews. Retrieved 6 May 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Lediga o kwadile a bo a kaela dithulaganyo tsa telebishini tse di tshegisang di akaretsa The Pure Monate Show, [[:en:Late_Nite_News_with_Loyiso_Gola|Late Nite News with Loyiso Gola]] le ''Bantu Hour''.&lt;ref&gt;Mkhwanazi, Katlego (10 November 2015). [https://mg.co.za/article/2015-11-10-the-bantu-hour-back-with-a-differencethe-bantu-hour-returns-to-tv-with-a-new-funny-feel/ &quot;The Bantu Hour – Back with a difference&quot;.] The Mail and Guardian. Retrieved 16 June 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; O tshamikile e le motshamekimogolo mo ditshwantshong di tshwana le [[:en:Bunny_Chow_(film)|Bunny Chow]], [[:en:Wonder_Boy_for_President|Wonder Boy for President]] le [[:en:Catching_Feelings_(2017_film)|Catching Feelings]].&lt;ref&gt;Vourlias, Christopher (16 June 2016). [https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/durban-satire-wonder-boy-tweaks-south-african-politics-1201796284/ &quot;Durban: Satire 'Wonder Boy' Tweaks South African Politics&quot;]. Retrieved 16 June 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Andersen, Nic (28 February 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231002204733/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/catching-feelings-release-date-cast-latest-trailer/ &quot;Catching Feelings: South African release date, cast and latest trailer&quot;.] ''The South African''. Retrieved 7 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ==
Ka mgwaga wa 2017, Lediga o ne a tlhagisa, a kaela a bo a diragatsa mo setshwantshong sa marato sa Catching Feelings.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2018, Morule a le malatsia le lesome, Lediga o ne a bigiwa e le mosimolodi wa setshwantsho sa Queen Sono se se tshamekang mo Netflix.&lt;ref&gt;Vourlias, Christopher (10 December 2018). [https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/netflix-orders-queen-sono-first-african-original-series-1203085465/ &quot;Netflix Orders 'Queen Sono,' Its First African Original Series&quot;.] Variety. Retrieved 11 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Setshwantsho sa Queen Sono se tshamikilwe lantlha ka ngwaga wa 2020 kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi mme batho ba e rata.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/queen_sono/s01 &quot;Queen Sono: Season 1 (2020)&quot;.] Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 28 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Metacritic|&quot;''Queen Sono'': Season 1&quot;.]] ''Metacritic''. Retrieved 28 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Moranang ngwaga wa 2020, setshwantsho se se ne sa bolelwa fa se tla nna le sa tatelano ya bobedi.&lt;ref&gt;Kanter, Jake (28 April 2020). [https://deadline.com/2020/04/queen-sono-netflix-renews-first-african-original-1202919754/ &quot;'Queen Sono': Netflix Renews Its First African Original Series&quot;.] [[:en:Deadline_Hollywood|''Deadline Hollywood''.]] Retrieved 28 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Mme e ne ya re ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2020, Netflix ya emisa go diragadiwa ga setshwantsho se ka ntlha ya dikgwetlho tse di tsileng le [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|segajaja sa COVID-19]].&lt;ref&gt;Eloff, Herman (26 November 2020). [https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/tv/queen-sonos-second-season-cancelled-amid-current-trying-times-20201126-2 &quot;Queen Sono's second season cancelled amid 'current trying times'&quot;.] ''Channel24''. Retrieved 26 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshwantsho tsa telebishini ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Ngwaga
!Setshwantsho
!Mohuta
!Seabe se a se tshamekang
!Dintlha
|-
|2013
|[[:en:Mary_and_Martha_(film)|Mary and Martha]]
|Drama
|Kumi
|
|-
|2016
|[[:en:Wonder_Boy_for_President|Wonder Boy for President]]
|Metlae
|Wonder Boy
|Modiragatsi, Mokwadi
|-
|2017
|[[:en:Catching_Feelings_(film)|Catching Feelings]]
|Drama
|Max Matsane
|Modiragatsi, Mokwadi, Mokaedi
|-
|2017
|Wizard
|Drama
|
|Mokaedi
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Ngwaga
!Setshwantsho
!Mohuta
!Seabe se a se tshamekang
!Dintlha
|-
|1997
|The Phat Joe Show
|
|
|
|-
|2004
|Pure Monate Show
|
|Modiragatsi
|
|-
|2015
|The Bantu Hour
|
|Modiragatsi, motsamaisi
|
|-
|2020
|[[:en:Queen_Sono|Queen Sono]]
|[[:en:Crime_film|Crime Drama]]
|Modiri, Mokwadi, Mokaedi
|[[:en:Netflix|Netflix]]
|}

== Dietsele ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Ngwaga
!Kgogagano
!Karolo
!Tiro e e tlhophilweng
!Maduo
!Motswedi
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[:en:South_African_Film_and_Television_Awards|South African Film and television Awards]]
|Mokaedi o o gaisitseng
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[:en:Late_Nite_News_with_Loyiso_Gola|Late Nite news with Loyiso Gola]]
|Ba tlhophilwe
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160810170218/http://www.elle.co.za/2014-saftas-nominees-announced/ &quot;2014 SAFTAs nominees announced&quot;.] ''Elle Magazine''. 7 March 2014. [http://www.elle.co.za/2014-saftas-nominees-announced/ Archived] from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Setlhopha sa bakwadi ba metlae ba ba gaisitseng
|Ba tlhophilwe
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|Ba ba gaisitseng mo go kwaleng metlae
|Ba tlhophilwe
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Ba ba gaisitseng mo go kaeleng metlae
|Ba tlhophilwe
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|}

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gina Athans</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3857" sha1="n15lfmycso2r95pcyl4uuefbgicdxo4" xml:space="preserve">'''Gina Athans''' yoo o tshotsweng ka Seetebosigo ale bosupa ka ngwaga wa 1984 ke sekgantshwane sa [[:en:Beauty_queen|mmabontle]]  wa  Afrika Borwa gape ebile ele sekgantshwane sa bodiragatsi jwa bo modelera (modeler) wa letso la segerekia ([[:en:Greek_people|Greek]] ). &lt;ref&gt;Huisman, Bienne. [http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article83539.ece &quot;Paris helps billionaire forget SA wife&quot;]. Times Live. Retrieved 3 January 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Rragwe Athans yoo tsholetsweng ko Gauteng (Johannesburg) ke ngaka mme Mme Mmagwe ke mogwebi . 

O godiseditswe mo  [[Small holding|polasing]]  ko  Eikenhof  ko borwa ja toropo ya Johannesburg. &lt;ref&gt;Network, Local News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200121065515/http://www.looklocal.co.za/looklocal/content/en/joburg-south/joburg-south-news-general?oid=1364722&amp;sn=Detail&amp;pid=1171167&amp;Up-close-and--personal-with-SA%E2%80%99s-own-Gina-Athans &quot;Latest News | Free Advertising | Business Directory | Look Local&quot;]. looklocal.co.za. Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

One a fiwa sekgantshwane wa mmabontle wa Miss South Africa Teen 2000 ale dingwaga tsedi lesome le bosupa ko aileng a thapiwa ke kompone ya [[:en:IMG_Models|IMG Models]] ko afeletseng a ile gonna ko toropong ya [[:en:Paris|Paris]].&lt;ref&gt;Network, Local News. [https://archive.today/20130908104853/http://www.looklocal.co.za/looklocal/content/en/joburg-south/joburg-south-news-general?oid=1364722&amp;sn=Detail&amp;pid=1171167&amp;Up-close-and--personal-with-SA%E2%80%99s-own-Gina-Athans &quot;Latest News | Free Advertising | Business Directory | Look Local&quot;]. ''looklocal.co.za''. Archived from [http://www.looklocal.co.za/looklocal/content/en/joburg-south/joburg-south-news-general?oid=1364722&amp;sn=Detail&amp;pid=1171167&amp;Up-close-and--personal-with-SA%E2%80%99s-own-Gina-Athans the original] on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; 

{{Infobox person|height={{!}}1.81{{!}}m{{!}}ftin{{!}}0{{!}}abbr=on|birth_date=Johannesburg, South Africa|death_date=&lt;!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;|name=Gina Athans|partner={{marriage|[[Eyhab Jumean]]|2004|2005}}|website=&lt;!-- {{URL|website}} --&gt;}}

Go godiseng talente ya gagwe ya bokgantshwane yabo modelera one anna mongwe wa badiragatsi wa Afrika Borwa onneng a thagalela mo ''[[:en:Marie_Claire|Marie Claire]]'' mme gape a thopiwa gonna mme wa ditebego tsedi rokotsang matho mo kgatisong ya bobegadikgang ya  [[:en:FHM|FHM]] mo lehatsheng ka bophara ebile gape ele mongwe wa bomme ba aparang kapari ee kgathisang leitho wa Afrika Borwa.

One anna gape lego tlhagelela mo setshwantshog sa motshikenyego sa [[:en:Daniel_Craig|Daniel Craig]] film ''[[:en:Flashbacks_of_a_Fool|Flashbacks of a Fool]]'' (2008).

Mme gape one a bula kompone ee anamisang mafoko ebitswa Gina Athans PR ka ngwaga wa 2009 e enneng ya thapiwa go thusa go anamisa mafoko ka [[:en:Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi|Saif al-Islam Gaddafi]] pele ga ntwa ya maraganateng ya Libya ka 2011.

O thusitse gape kago thusa go anamisa mogo kgethegileng ditautona tsedi farologanyeng tsa Afrika.

One gape a simolodisa kompone ya Holanathi ka 2018 mo ebileng kompone ya tleng e dirang bontle. O lemogiwa thata ele mongwe wa bomme baba nang le serodumu  mo Afrika le thoteletso mogo emiseng mopalo (malnutrion)  le tlala. 

Ka thotoetso ya kgwebo ya gagwe o rotloeditse gore sedikadike sa bana dinne le tshono ya goja dijo tsedi nang le dikotla. 

One a nyalwa ke mogwebi wa mohumi wa dinaledi gotswa Jordan, [[:en:Eyhab_Jumean|Eyhab Jumean]] ka ngwaga wa 2004 ko lenyalong le leneg le tseneletswe ke batho bale sekete, go akaretswa [[:en:50_Cent|50 Cent]] le [[:en:Dannii_Minogue|Dannii Minogue]]. Banyalani bane ba kgaogana ngwaga oneng ba nyalana ka  one mme ba felela ba kgaoganye kaga semolaong.

Esale ka ngwaga was 2008 ontse a nna ko Capetown gape ebile ona le motse ko Johannesburg. 

=== Metswedi ===</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bob Morley</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9174</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50941</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T01:52:34Z</timestamp>
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        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="18428" sha1="mbyuv4azslv69o7y4hyex496tsspvh5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Bob Morley|image=Bob Morley (27468730956) (cropped).jpg|caption=Morley in 2016|other names=Bobby Morley|birthname=Robert Alfred Morley|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|12|20}}|birth_place=[[Kyneton, Victoria]], Australia|alma mater=&lt;!--this parameter is for graduates, per [[Template:Infobox_person#Parameters]]--&gt;|occupation=Actor|years active=2005–present|known for=Home and Away
Neighbours
The 100 (TV series){{!}}The 100
Love Me (Australian TV series){{!}}Love Me|spouses=marriage{{!}}Eliza Taylor{{!}}5 May 2019|children=1}}

'''Robert Alfred Morley''' o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1984, Morule a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi, o itsege mo go tsa tiro ka leina la '''Bob Morley,''' ke modiragatsi wa kwa lefatsheng la [[:en:Australia|Australia]]. O itsege thata ka moanelwa [[:en:List_of_The_100_characters#Bellamy_Blake|Bellamy Blake]] o a neng a mo tshameka mo setshwantshong sa motshikinyego sa motswedi wa tshedimosetso sa [[:en:The_CW|The CW]] se se bidiwang [[:en:The_100_(TV_series)|The 100,]] se se supilweng go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2014 go tsena ka 2020.

O simolotse go itsege fa a tshameka [[:en:Drew_Curtis_(Home_and_Away)|Drew Curtis]] mo motseletseleng wa ditshwantsho wa kwa Australia wa [[:en:Home_and_Away|Home and Away]] wa ngwaga wa 2006, a tlhagelela gape mo thulaganyong ya ditalente tsa mmino ya [[:en:It_Takes_Two_(Australian_TV_series)|It Takes Two]] ka ngwaga wa 2007, a tshameka mo [[:en:The_Strip_(Australian_TV_series)|The Strip]] ka ngwaga wa 2008. O tshamekile [[:en:Aidan_Foster|Aidan Foster]] mo [[:en:Neighbours|Neighbours]] ka ngwaga wa 2011 a nna moanelwa mogolo mo thulaganyong ya metshameko ya [[:en:Blinder_(film)|Blinder]] ka ngwaga wa 2013.

== Botshelo jwa pele le thuto ==
Robert Alfred Morley&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230629074827/https://en.24smi.org/celebrity/98516-bob-morley.html &quot;Bob Morley&quot;.] ''en.24smi.org''. 1 October 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1984 ka Morule a le malatsi a le masome mabedi,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070106124846/http://seven.com.au/homeandaway/meetthecast_bobby-morley &quot;Bobby Morley&quot;.] [[:en:Yahoo!7|Yahoo!7.]] Archived from [https://seven.com.au/homeandaway/meetthecast_bobby-morley the original] on 6 January 2007. Retrieved 20 June 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; o goletse kwa tshimong  kwa [[:en:Kyneton|Kyneton]], toropo e e kwa [[:en:Victoria_(state)|Victoria]] kwa Australia. Ke ngwana wa mme wa lotso lwa [[:en:Filipinos|Filipina]] le rre wa ditso tsa Australia le [[:en:Irish_people|Irish]], o o tlhokafetseng fa Bob a sale mmotlana. Morley o na le bokgaitsadie ba batona mo go ene le mogolowe wa monna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;


O ithutetse tsa bodiragatsi kwa sekolong go fitlhelela a dira ngwaga wa bolesome le bongwe, go fitlhelela a bolelelwa gore a seka a tswelela.&lt;ref&gt;Gallagher, Heather (13 August 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120605171104/http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&amp;sy=age&amp;kw=Bobby+Morley&amp;pb=all_ffx&amp;dt=selectRange&amp;dr=entire&amp;so=relevance&amp;sf=text&amp;sf=headline&amp;rc=10&amp;rm=200&amp;sp=nrm&amp;clsPage=1&amp;docID=SAG060813EQ6IB4EK9RM &quot;Yak Attack – Bobby Morley, 21, actor&quot;.] ''T[[:en:The_Age|he Age]]''[[:en:The_Age|.]] p.&amp;nbsp;29. Archived from [https://licensing-publishing.nine.com.au/ the original] on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Morley o boleletse [[:en:The_Age|The Age]] gore o ne a le moithuti o o sa utlweng ka jalo a sa tlhwafalele sepe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Kalina, Paul (9 October 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120605171130/http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&amp;sy=age&amp;kw=Morley+and+home+and+away&amp;pb=all_ffx&amp;dt=selectRange&amp;dr=entire&amp;so=relevance&amp;sf=text&amp;sf=headline&amp;rc=10&amp;rm=200&amp;sp=nrm&amp;clsPage=1&amp;docID=AGE081009OA7LU3M5JMU &quot;An actor going through a stage&quot;.] [[:en:The_Age|''The Age''.]] p.&amp;nbsp;16. Archived from [https://licensing-publishing.nine.com.au/ the original] on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga go fetsa ngwaga wa bolesome le bobedi, o ne a fudugela kwa [[:en:Melbourne|Melbourne]] a simolola dithuto tsa botegeniki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Morago ga ngwaga o e a tsaya tshwetso ya go tsenelela botaki jwa botlhami kwa [[:en:La_Trobe_University|La Trobe University]] a nna le agente.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Tiro ==
Morley o ne a itsege ka leina la Bobby mo dingwageng tsa a santse a le monnye,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; mme janong o dirisa leina la Bob Morley mo go tsa tiro.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230511133021/https://app.showcast.com.au/profile/C806CD11 &quot;Bob Morley&quot;.]''Showcast''.  from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; O simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka go diragatsa kwa metshamekong ya sekolo se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro, e akaretsa ''Falling to Perfect'' le ''Tale From Vienna Woods'' le difilimi tse dikhutshwane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; O tlhageletse mo filiming e e tshosang ya ngwaga wa 2005 ya ''Dead Harvest'' e e eng e kaelwa ke ''Damian Scott,''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; a diragatsa gape e le motlaleletsi mo Neighbours.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ngwaga o a nnileng le karolo mo [[:en:Angels_with_Dirty_Faces|Angels with Dirty Faces]] mme se sa mmaya mo maemong a a siameng go bonwa ke bakaedi ba [[:en:Home_and_Away|Home and Away.]] Morley o ne a tsena mo Home and Away e le Drew Curtis ka ngwaga wa 2006&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Mo karolong ya gagwe ya ga Drew, o ne a tlhophiwa go phadisanela seetsele sa borre ba basha ba ba gaisitseng tsa [[:en:Logie_Awards|Logie Awards.]]


O tlhageletse mo karolong ya bobedi ya kgaisano ya baopedi kwa Australia ya It Takes Two ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2007. Ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa 2007, o ne a amogela matshao a a kwa godimo mme a ntshiwa. Morley o ne a tswa kwa Home and Away mme a tshameka ''Tony Moretti'' mo The Strip.&lt;ref&gt;Ellis, Scott (21 September 2008). [http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&amp;sy=age&amp;kw=Morley+and+home+and+away&amp;pb=all_ffx&amp;dt=selectRange&amp;dr=entire&amp;so=relevance&amp;sf=text&amp;sf=headline&amp;rc=10&amp;rm=200&amp;sp=nrm&amp;clsPage=1&amp;docID=SHD080921J862H79134H &quot;Star sheds teen image&quot;.] [[:en:The_Sun-Herald|''The Sun-Herald''.]] p.&amp;nbsp;5. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140602221822/http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?page=1&amp;sy=age&amp;kw=Morley+and+home+and+away&amp;pb=all_ffx&amp;dt=selectRange&amp;dr=entire&amp;so=relevance&amp;sf=text&amp;sf=headline&amp;rc=10&amp;rm=200&amp;sp=nrm&amp;clsPage=1&amp;docID=SHD080921J862H79134H Archived] from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; E ne ya kgaolwa ka e ne e sa lebelelwe ke batho ba le bantsi. Morley o ne a ya go tlhagelela gape mo Scorched ka ngwaga wa 2008. O ne a tlhophelwa seetsele sa Bachelor of the Year ka ngwaga wa 2009 sa makasine wa [[:en:Cleo_(magazine)|Cleo.]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/cleo-announces-top-50-bachelors-of-2008-ng-b9a254cccb926eb7032c405e38bea522 &quot;Cleo announces Top 50 Bachelors of 2008&quot;]. ''Perth Now''. 18 February 2008. Archived from [https://archive.ph/20230424063638/https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/cleo-announces-top-50-bachelors-of-2008-ng-b9a254cccb926eb7032c405e38bea522 the original] on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2009, o ne a nna moanelwamogolo Lorca mo motshamekong wa ''Palindrome for a Dead Poet.'' Ngwaga o o latelang Morley o ne a tlhagelela mo karolong ya bone ya [[:en:Sea_Patrol|Sea Patrol.]]&lt;ref&gt;Creepy, Uncle (5 November 2009). [https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/34414/michael-berryman-heads-into-self-storage/ &quot;AFM: Take the Road Train to Terror&quot;.] Dreadcentral.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927225634/http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/34414/afm-take-road-train-terror the original] on 27 September 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;


Ka ngwaga wa 2011, o ne a tlhagelela mo [[:en:Road_Kill_(2010_film)|Road Train]] e mokaedi wa yone e leng [[:en:Dean_Francis_Alfar|Dean Francis.]] Ka Seetebosigo 2011,&lt;ref&gt;Creepy, Uncle (7 July 2010). [https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/38400/new-york-comic-con-2012-dark-horse-to-publish-a-buffyverse-sampler-in-january-2013/ &quot;New Clip and Stills from Road Kill&quot;.] Dreadcentral.com. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20121016064816/http://www.dreadcentral.com/news/38400/new-clip-and-stills-road-kill the original] on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; go ne ga bolelwa gore Morley o tla tshameka mo Neighbours e le Aidan Foster, mopati wa ga Chris Pappas. Baanelwa ba ga Morley le Mason ba ne ba nna baratani ba ntlha ba bong bo bo tshwanang.&lt;ref&gt;Dennehy, Luke (19 June 2011). [http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/tv-soap-introduces-new-gay-character/story-e6frf96o-1226077652852 &quot;TV soap introduces new gay character&quot;]. [[:en:Herald_Sun|''Herald Sun''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200101194228/https://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/tv-soap-introduces-new-gay-character/news-story/5a840f0df4c4cd6bf8ac7b1a29d6cd0c Archived f]rom the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Morley o ne a tsaya nakwana a tlhagelela mo The Blinder, a boela Neighbours ka Seetebosigo 2012.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/bob-morley-nurses-sharper-hair-cut/story-fn6bn80a-1226390511287 &quot;Bob Morley nurses sharper hair cut&quot;.] [[:en:Herald_Sun|''Herald Sun''.]] 11 June 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tsena mo filiming ya Lost in The White City ka 2013.&lt;ref&gt;[https://deadline.com/2013/04/white-city-movie-casts-thomas-dekker-haley-bennett-bob-morley-483726/ &quot;Indie Drama 'The White City' Casts Thomas Dekker, Haley Bennett &amp; Bob Morley&quot;.] [[:en:Deadline_Hollywood|''Deadline Hollywood''.]] PMC). 25 April 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131214070203/http://www.deadline.com/2013/04/white-city-movie-casts-thomas-dekker-haley-bennett-bob-morley/ Archived] from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngwaga one oo o ne a tshameka Bellamy Blake mo The 100.&lt;ref&gt;Ng, Philiana; Goldberg, Lesley (21 February 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/cws-hundred-bob-morley-eli-423294/ &quot;The CW's 'Hundred' Casts Aussie Soap Star and 'Emily Owens' Actor (Exclusive)&quot;]. [[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|''The Hollywood Reporter''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180628124812/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/cws-hundred-bob-morley-eli-423294 Archived] from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2018, Morley o ne a fetsa thuto ya [[:en:Warner_Bros.|Warner Bros]] ya bakaedi, &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231209030412/https://televisionworkshop.warnerbros.com/alumnus/bob-morley/?section=year-2018 &quot;Bob Morley &amp;#x7C; Television Workshop&quot;].  from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;a kaela karolo ya bo lesome le motso ya season ya borataro e e bidiwang [[:en:List_of_The_100_episodes#ep82|Ashes to Ashes]] ya The 100.&lt;ref&gt;Coley, Samantha (25 July 2019). [https://telltaletv.com/2019/07/the-100-review-ashes-to-ashes-season-6-episode-11/ &quot;The 100 Review: Ashes to Ashes (Season 6 Episode 11)&quot;.] ''telltaletv.com''.&lt;/ref&gt;


O ne a tlhagelela mo karolong ya boraro ya tsa sepodisi ya [[:en:The_Rookie_(TV_series)|The Rookie]] ka ngwaga wa 2021.&lt;ref&gt;Houghton, Rianne (14 May 2021). [https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a36429230/the-rookie-bob-morley-the-100/ &quot;The 100 star Bob Morley confirmed for The Rookie in TV return&quot;.] [[:en:Digital_Spy|Digital Spy.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210514125239/https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a36429230/the-rookie-bob-morley-the-100/ Archived] from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Morley o tshamekile moanelwa o o emang nokeng mo motshamekong wa lorato wa [[:en:Love_Me_(Australian_TV_series)|Love Me]] o o neng o na le badiragatsi ba akaretsa [[:en:Hugo_Weaving|Hugo Weaving l]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;e [[:en:Bojana_Novakovic|Bojana Novakovic.]] &lt;ref&gt;Frater, Patrick (14 August 2021). [https://variety.com/2021/streaming/asia/love-me-hugo-weaving-australia-warner-aquarius-1235041701/ &quot;Hugo Weaving Stars in 'Love Me' Warner Television-Aquarius Series Shooting in Australia (Exclusive)&quot;.] ''Variety''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210814140122/https://variety.com/2021/streaming/asia/love-me-hugo-weaving-australia-warner-aquarius-1235041701/ Archived] from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/love-me-star-bob-morley-on-sex-scenes-marriage-and-hollywood-fame--c-10413766 &quot;Bob Morley: Love Me star on sex scenes, marriage and Hollywood fame&quot;.] ''perthnow.com.au''. Andrei Harmsworth. 25 April 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka ngwaga wa 2003, Morley le [[:en:Eliza_Taylor|Eliza Taylor]] ba ne ba tlhagelela mmogo ba tshameka Marcus le Julie mo filiming ya [[:en:I'll_Be_Watching|I'll be Watching.]]Filimi e e mo maranyaneng.&lt;ref&gt;Wiseman, Andreas (4 February 2022). [https://deadline.com/2022/02/eliza-taylor-the-100-bob-morley-new-movie-efm-1234926663/ &quot;'The 100' Stars Eliza Taylor &amp; Bob Morley Set For Sci-Fi Thriller 'I'll Be Watching' — EFM&quot;.] [[:en:Deadline_Hollywood|''Deadline Hollywood''.]] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220204163703/https://deadline.com/2022/02/eliza-taylor-the-100-bob-morley-new-movie-efm-1234926663/ the original] on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Foertsch, Rachel (2 April 2023). [https://screenrant.com/ill-be-watching-movie-eliza-taylor-trailer/ &quot;Eliza Taylor Faces Off Against Home Invader In I'll Be Watching Trailer&quot;.] ''Screen Rant''. Retrieved 16 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://andersonvision.com/eliza-taylor-stars-in-the-nail-biting-thriller-ill-be-watching-acquired-by-uncorkd-entertainment/?feed_id=2486&amp;_unique_id=64458a3893f8d &quot;Eliza Taylor Stars in The Nail Biting Thriller I'll Be Watching Acquired by Uncorkd Entertainment&quot;.] ''andersonvision.com''. Troy Anderson. Retrieved 24 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go dira molemo ==
Ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2016, o ne a tsenya tsela ya go reka dikipa tse a neng a di diretse go kgobokanyetsa [[:en:Beyond_Blue|Beyond Blue]] madi.&lt;ref&gt;Represent.com. [https://merch.cameo.com/bobmorley &quot;Bob Morley – Official Tee&quot;.] ''represent.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114854/https://represent.com/bobmorley Archived] from the original on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Beyond Blue ke lekgotla le le fang kitso le bo le ema nokeng batho ba ba lwalang bolwetsi jwa tlhaloganyo kwa Australia. O ne a dira sekipa se sengwe gape ka ngwaga wa 2017, se madi a sone a neng a abelwa [[:en:The_Jed_Foundation|JED Foundation]], lekgotla le le senang dipoelo la maikutlo le go emisa go ikgapela botshelo.&lt;ref&gt;Represent.com. [https://merch.cameo.com/bob/bob-morley-what-is-wrong-with-a-little-chaos-shirt-jed-foundation &quot;Bob Morley's &quot;What's Wrong With Chaos&quot; Tee&quot;.] ''represent.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425115632/https://represent.com/bob/bob-morley-what-is-wrong-with-a-little-chaos-shirt-jed-foundation the original] on 25 April 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
[[Setshwantsho:Eliza Taylor &amp; Bob Morley (25890275730).jpg|thumb|Bob Morley le mosadi wa gagwe, Eliza Taylor]]
Bob o buile ka go kgalelwa go nna le mmele o motona fa a ne a gateletswe ke maikutlo morago ga loaro lwa lengole ka ngwaga wa 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/the-100s-bob-morley-sounds-off-about-fat-shaming-depression-on-social-media/ &quot;'The 100's' Bob Morley Sounds off About Fat Shaming, Depression on Social Media&quot;.] ''CBS News''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a matlhano, Morley o ne a nyala Eliza Taylor, o ba neng ba tshameka mmogo mo The 100.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.etonline.com/the-100-stars-eliza-taylor-and-bob-morley-announce-that-they-secretly-married-126680 &quot;'The 100' Stars Eliza Taylor and Bob Morley Announce They're Married!&quot;.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200531155456/https://www.etonline.com/the-100-stars-eliza-taylor-and-bob-morley-announce-that-they-secretly-married-126680 ''Entertainment Tonight''.] 7 June 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba begile lonyalo lwa bone ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a supa ka ngwaga wa 2019. Ka 2020 Morley le Taylor ba ne ba supa fa ba latlhegetswe ke ngwana o ba neng ba mo solofetse fa ba gatisa karolo ya bofelo ya The 100.&lt;ref&gt;Coley, Samantha (5 February 2020). [https://telltaletv.com/2020/02/everything-we-learned-at-unity-days-2020-including-teasers-for-the-100-season-7/ &quot;Everything We Learned at Unity Days 2020, Including Teasers for 'The 100' Season 7&quot;.] ''Tell-Tale TV''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200929030200/https://telltaletv.com/2020/02/everything-we-learned-at-unity-days-2020-including-teasers-for-the-100-season-7/ Archived] from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Lwetse 2019, Morley o ne a abelana le batho fa a kile a leka go ikgapela botshelo makgetho a le mantsi.&lt;ref&gt;Morin, Alyssa (25 September 2019). [https://www.eonline.com/news/1077112/the-100-star-bob-morley-reveals-he-s-attempted-suicide-multiple-times &quot;The 100's Bob Morley Shares He's Attempted Suicide Multiple Times&quot;.] ''Enews''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220820030623/https://www.eonline.com/news/1077112/the-100-star-bob-morley-reveals-he-s-attempted-suicide-multiple-times the original] on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Tlhakole 2022, Taylor le Morley ba ne ba bega mo maranyaneng a [[:en:Instagram|Instragram]] gore ba solofetse ngwana,&lt;ref&gt;Bjornson, Greta (8 February 2022). [https://people.com/parents/the-100-stars-bob-morley-eliza-taylor-expecting-first-child/ &quot;The 100 Stars Bob Morley and Eliza Taylor Expecting Baby: 'We Cannot Wait!'&quot;.] ''People''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220208160436/https://people.com/parents/the-100-stars-bob-morley-eliza-taylor-expecting-first-child/ the original] on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; mme ka Mopitlo 2022 ba nna le ngwana wa mosimane.&lt;ref&gt;Powers, Catie (21 March 2022). [https://www.nowtolove.com.au/parenting/celebrity-families/bob-morley-baby-eliza-taylor-71484 &quot;Home and Away alum Bob Morley and Neighbours star Eliza Taylor welcome their first child&quot;.] [[:en:TV_Week|''TV Week''.]] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220322101033/https://www.nowtolove.com.au/parenting/celebrity-families/bob-morley-baby-eliza-taylor-71484 the original] on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Puisano ya modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>50899</id>
      <parentid>50154</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T12:05:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>3506</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ new section</comment>
      <origin>50899</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8067" sha1="kv0pyg1ld1plczb8687tzel42iftkhl" xml:space="preserve">== Page deletion ==

I would like to delete this page since I have a proper user page, I need some help. [[Modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|Mothusi Sekhomba]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|talk]]) 18:08, 2 Sedimonthole 2023 (CAT)

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:17, 16 Tlhakole 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&amp;oldid=30083330 --&gt;

== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:57, 11 Moranang 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&amp;oldid=30391231 --&gt;

== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:09, 3 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30627457 --&gt;

== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:05, 18 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30704175 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kv0pyg1ld1plczb8687tzel42iftkhl</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>50919</id>
      <parentid>50899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T18:45:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mothusi Sekhomba</username>
        <id>9433</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>50919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8213" sha1="15be1socnobczs0kfaqsg1l9sptzwy6" xml:space="preserve">== Page deletion ==

I would like to delete this page since I have a proper user page, I need some help. [[Modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|Mothusi Sekhomba]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|talk]]) 18:08, 2 Sedimonthole 2023 (CAT)

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:17, 16 Tlhakole 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&amp;oldid=30083330 --&gt;

== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:57, 11 Moranang 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&amp;oldid=30391231 --&gt;

== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:09, 3 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30627457 --&gt;

== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:05, 18 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30704175 --&gt;
:Thank you. Done. [[Modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|Mothusi Sekhomba]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|talk]]) 20:45, 18 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)</text>
      <sha1>15be1socnobczs0kfaqsg1l9sptzwy6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>50920</id>
      <parentid>50919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T18:46:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mothusi Sekhomba</username>
        <id>9433</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>50920</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8359" sha1="dos685uz0kc2yp2uz933g3uwtfn9dv6" xml:space="preserve">== Page deletion ==

I would like to delete this page since I have a proper user page, I need some help. [[Modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|Mothusi Sekhomba]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|talk]]) 18:08, 2 Sedimonthole 2023 (CAT)

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:17, 16 Tlhakole 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&amp;oldid=30083330 --&gt;

== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:57, 11 Moranang 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&amp;oldid=30391231 --&gt;

== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:09, 3 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30627457 --&gt;
:Thank you. Done. [[Modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|Mothusi Sekhomba]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|talk]]) 20:46, 18 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)

== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:05, 18 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30704175 --&gt;
:Thank you. Done. [[Modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|Mothusi Sekhomba]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:Mothusi Sekhomba|talk]]) 20:45, 18 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)</text>
      <sha1>dos685uz0kc2yp2uz933g3uwtfn9dv6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Limkokwing University of Creative Technology</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9303</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51054</id>
      <parentid>49594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T11:53:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="11646" sha1="54b6n891w9xo2mqa5snlit79kbgye7m" xml:space="preserve">
[[Setshwantsho:Limkokwing all black logo.jpg|thumb|Sekano sa Limkokwing university]]
'''Limkokwing''' kana '''LUCT''' ke sekolo se se eseng sa puso ([[:en:Private_university|private]]) sa mmadikolo se se amaneng mo Africa, Europe le Asia fa mmangmang wa sone ale ko [[:en:Cyberjay|Malasyia]] se nale baithuti bafeta dikete dile masome a mararo mo mafatsheng a fetang lekgolo le masome a matlhano.

Mmadikolo o o rutuntsha mananeo a dikirii le a eseng a dikirii  mo dithutong tse di farologaneng jaaka tse tsa go dira, tsa Metswedi ya tshedimosetso,tsa ditlhaeletsanyo lethekenoloji. 

Mo godimo ga tsa ithuto, sekolo se senale ditlhopha tse di sa amaneng letsa ithuto jaaka metshameko, bodiragatsi,tsa ngwao le tirelo setshaba.

== Tsa kgale ==
[[Setshwantsho:Limkokwing 2115388122 926e3e273a.jpg|thumb|Unibisithi ya Limkokwing kwa Malaysia]]
LUCT e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa 1991 ke Tan Sri Paduka [[:en:Lim_Kok_Wing|Dr Lim Kon Wing]].Ka ngwaga wa 2002, ene ya nna sekolo sa ntlha sa go tlhomiwa University college.

== Dikampase ==
Gotloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole 2018, sekolo se ne sa nna le dicampus  tse dilatelang,

* Likomkwing [[:en:Kuching|Kunching]],[[:en:Sarawak|Sarawak]]
* Limkokwing Botswana [[Gaborone|Gaborone.]]&lt;ref&gt;Ontametse Sugar (9 October 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102435/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/4782-0ver-900-graduate-from-limkokwing-university%20.html &quot;Over 900 graduate from Limkokwing University&quot;]. The Patriot. Gaborone. Archived from [http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/news/item/4782-0ver-900-graduate-from-limkokwing-university%20.html the original] on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Special Correspondent (2 March 2008). [http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20080228161733526 &quot;Botswana: Shifting policies benefit Malaysian private university]&quot;. University World News. Retrieved 5 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Limkokwing Cambodia [[:en:Phnom_Penh|Phnom Pehn]]&lt;ref&gt;Unipage.net (2018). [https://www.unipage.net/en/13860/limkokwing_university_of_creative_technology_cambodia &quot;About Limkokwing University of Creative Technology Cambodia&quot;]. Unipage.net. Retrieved 5 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Limkowking [[:en:Lesotho|Lesotho]] [[:en:Maseru|Maseru,]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;sekolo santlha sa Malaysia mo Lesotho&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=1654280 &quot;Limkokwing University plans to extend TVET Malaysia to Lesotho&quot;.] Bernama.com. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Limkokwing Malaysia ko [[:en:Cyberjaya|Cyberjaya]] [[:en:Selangor|Selangor]]&lt;ref&gt;Liveandstudymalaysia.com (2018). [http://www.liveandstudymalaysia.com/universities/limkokwing-university.html &quot;Limkokwing University: Main Campus&quot;]. Liveandstudymalaysia.com. Retrieved 5 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Limkowking United Kingdom [[:en:London|London]]&lt;ref&gt;ASIC. [https://www.asic.org.uk/institution-profiles/limkokwing-london-campus/ &quot;Limkokwing University of Creative Technology: London Campus&quot;]. [[:en:Accreditation_Service_for_International_Colleges|Accreditation Service for International Schools, Colleges &amp; Universities]] (ASIC). Retrieved 6 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;
* Limkokwing swaziland ko [[:en:Mbabane|Mbabane]],[[:en:Eswatini|Eswatini]]&lt;ref&gt;Swazi Media (15 March 2018). [https://swazimedia.blogspot.com/2018/03/police-fire-during-student-roadblock.html &quot;Police Fire During Student Roadblock&quot;]. Swazi Media Commentary. Retrieved 6 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Limkowking Sier Leon [[:en:Freetown|Freetown]]&lt;ref&gt;Hanis Zainal (18 March 2018). [https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/03/18/limkokwings-sierra-leone-campus-opens-facility-touted-as-a-boon-to-tertiary-education/ &quot;Limkokwing's Sierra Leone campus opens&quot;.] The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 6 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Limkwowking Uganda [[:en:Namataba|Namataba]]&lt;ref&gt;Opio, Alfred (14 April 2014). [https://chimpreports.com/malaysians-to-open-university-in-namataba/ &quot;Malaysians to Open University in Namataba&quot;]. Kampala: Chimp Reports Uganda. Retrieved 5 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mukhaye, Damali (5 December 2018). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Malaysian-varsity-takes-Ugandan-institute/688334-4882066-5w02n3z/index.html &quot;Malaysian varsity takes over Ugandan institute&quot;]. [[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]. Kampala. Retrieved 5 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dithuto tsa sekolo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Wikimedia Limkokwing School Club Participants.jpg|thumb|Baithuti ba Unibisithi ya limkokwing ba le ithutong.]]
Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 2022, Limkokwing e ne ya rutuntsha mananeo a dipoloma, le dikiri tsa ntlha dile masome a mabedi lebobedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.limkokwing.net/malaysia/academic/courses/ &quot;Courses @ Limkokwing University of Creative Technology&quot;.] Limkokwing University of Creative Technology. Retrieved 6 September 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditekanyetso ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Tekanyetso
!Motlhatlhobi
|-
|2012
|251-300
|QS Asian University Rankings
|-
|2013
|251-300
|QS Asian University Rankings
|-
|2014
|251-300
|QS Asian University Rankings
|-
|2015
|251-300
|QS Asian University Rankings
|-
|2016
|251-300
|QS Asian University Rankings
|-
|2017
|251-300
|QS Asian University Rankings
|-
|2018
|218
|QS Asian University Rankings
|-
|2019
|351-400
|QS Asian University Rankings
|}

== Mogo tsa kganetsanyo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Limkokwing 2115370038 04337c1d65.jpg|thumb|Limkokwing University of Creative Technology]]
Motshedimosetsong ya tsa ntwa kgatlhanong le kgethololo ya letso le mmala ka mmuso wa [[:en:Black_Lives_Matter|Black Lives Matter]], Limkokwing ene ya ya bonwa phoso go emeletsa boto e eneng e supa setshwantsho sa mothami wa sekolo Tan Sri Lim Kon Wing ka mokwalo o reng &quot;King of Africa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;'[https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/lifestyle-culture/article/3089808/king-africa-billboard-sparks-racism-claims-university King of Africa' billboard sparks racism claims at Malaysian university&quot;.] ''South China Morning Post''. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Noor, Sabrina (21 June 2020). &quot;[https://cilisos.my/how-did-lim-kok-wing-go-from-helping-mandela-to-having-a-racist-billboard-in-his-uni/ How did Lim Kok Wing go from helping Mandela to having a racist billboard in his uni?&quot;]. ''CILISOS - Current Issues Tambah Pedas!''. Retrieved 29 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.asiaone.com/malaysia/angry-netizens-petition-remove-billboard-portraying-lim-kok-wing-king-africa &quot;Angry netizens petition to remove billboard portraying Lim Kok Wing as 'King of Africa'&quot;]. ''AsiaOne''. 12 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020&lt;/ref&gt;. Boto eno ya papatso e ne ya tsosa dikganetsano fa baithuti ba nako e e fetileng le badiri kwa yunibesithing ba ne ba latofatsa yunibesithi ka gore e na le melao ya bosemorafe, e e jaaka go sa letle baithuti ba Maaforika go nna baemedi ka malatsi a a bulegileng le go latofatsa gore batsamaisi ba sekolo ba ne ba bua mafoko a bosemorafe makgetlo a le mmalwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;.Boto ya papatso e e neng e tsosa kganetsano e ne ya folosiwa mme yunibesithi ya kopa maitshwarelo, ya re &quot;ga e amogele ditiro dipe tsa tlhaolele kgatlhanong le morafe ope o o rileng&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Phapang le ditatofatso, Lefapha la Thutogodimo ga le a bona bosupi jo bo nonofileng jo bo supang bosemorafe ke botsamaisi jo bo kwa godimo jwa Yunibesithi ya Limkokwing ya Thekenoloji ya Boitlhamedi (LUCT).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/lifestyle-culture/article/3089808/king-africa-billboard-sparks-racism-claims-university &quot;'King of Africa' billboard sparks racism claims at Malaysian university&quot;.] ''South China Morning Post''. 20 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Noor, Sabrina (21 June 2020). [https://cilisos.my/how-did-lim-kok-wing-go-from-helping-mandela-to-having-a-racist-billboard-in-his-uni/ &quot;How did Lim Kok Wing go from helping Mandela to having a racist billboard in his uni?&quot;]. ''CILISOS - Current Issues Tambah Pedas!''. Retrieved 29 June 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Limkokwing ene ya tlhagogelwa ke gang tsa gore eabela baithuti sesupo sa gore batsene sekolo bafetsa mme entswa dipampiri tseo di sena boleng le boammaruri, kwa Lesotho.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/police-investigate-limkokwing-students-over-fake-certificates/ Police investigate Limkokwing students over fake certificates&quot;.] ''Sunday Express''. 14 July 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;Limkokwing kept cops in the dark about fake certificates&quot;. Sunday Express. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2020.|&quot;Limkokwing kept cops in the dark about fake certificates&quot;.]] ''Sunday Express''. 18 August 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/limkokwing-official-lied/ &quot;Limkokwing official 'lied'&quot;.] ''Sunday Express''. 31 August 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;Ba sepodise bane ba dira ditlhotlhomiso le ditsheko tsa tsietso.&lt;ref&gt;[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/police-investigate-limkokwing-students-over-fake-certificates/ Police investigate Limkokwing students over fake certificates&quot;.] ''Sunday Express''. 14 July 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Tona wa Thuto one a rurifatsa fa Limkokwing ele sekolo se senang le boleng gammogo le baithuti ba sekolo, ebile a supa fa selemogiwa ke Puso ya Lesotho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/limkokwing-is-a-legitimate-university/ &quot;Limkokwing is a legitimate university&quot;.] ''Sunday Express''. 14 September 2013. Retrieved 12 July2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Gotloga pele, Tona wa tsa boitsanaape  wa Siera Leon Mohammad Rahman Swarray, o ne a bua ka kemonokeng ya puso mo Limkokwing University. Siera Leone ACC ene ya tswalela ditlhotlhomiso tsa tsietsi kgatlhanong le Limkokwing University le Puso e kgologolo ys Siera leon.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;A[https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/acc-concludes-investigation-into-alleged-corruption-of-minkailu-bah-and-limkokwing-university/ CC concludes investigation into alleged corruption of Minkailu Bah and Limkokwing University&quot;.] ''Sierra Leone Telegraph''. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Gone ga nna le di ngunangune tsa gore Sekolo sene sesa rurifatsa ditumalano le siera Leon tsa go abela baithuti dituelo tsa thuto, go abela bao batlholegang mo lefatshe leo ditiro bale palo ya golekana le masome a roba Bobedi, le go rutuntsha babereki ba puso ba le makgolo a le mabedi(200) ngwaga mongwe le mongwe.[ ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Reliable_sources|&lt;nowiki&gt;unreliable source]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]'' Tona wa tsa boitsaanape one a bolela fa baka seke batlhole  batshosediwa,gotloga foo, Lephata la Sierra Leone le le kgatlhanong le bonweenwee lene la supa fa tona wa pele wa tsa ithuto,maranyane le boitsanape Minkailu Bah ane a letleletse sekolo go tsena mo tirisong ntle le tsamaiso ee nang le boammaruri e e letlelesegang.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Limkokwing_University_of_Creative_Technology#cite_note-21|&quot;Sierra Leone anti-graft body ends probe involving Limkokwing University&quot;.]] 8 August 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa godimo ga moo di paakanyetso tsa go berekisana mo go sa tlhamalalang, barutabana baba rutelwang go ruta, go itlhamelwa ga madi, go sa duelwa sentle ga barutabana gone ga tsosa kgaruru mo Botswana Ko Malaysia e naleng Mmadikolo wa Limkokwing teng. Limkokwing University Botswana ene ya tsena mo tumalanong le Allied Workers Union mme dituelo tsa babereki tsa tokafadiwa. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.sundaystandard.info/limkokwing-university-mysteries-raise-eyebrows/ Limkokwing University mysteries raise eyebrows – Sunday Standard&quot;.] Retrieved 12 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240123161701/https://www.sundaystandard.info/limkokwing-university-reaches-agreement-with-union/ &quot;Limkokwing University reaches agreement with union – Sunday Standard&quot;.] Retrieved 12 July 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Motswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Karolo:Dikolo mo Botswana]]
[[Karolo:Thuto mo Botswana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lina Hurtig</title>
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      <text bytes="15526" sha1="bkglctb66lofp5w6grbj3wjrt18b6sf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography|name=Lina Hurtig|image=Lina HURTIG, Arsenal vs .Liverpool, 2023 (cropped).jpg|caption=Hurtig playing for [[Arsenal W.F.C.|Arsenal]] in 2023|full_name=Lina Mona Andréa Hurtig&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™ List of Players – Sweden |url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=27 May 2019 |page=22 |date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606143649/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=6 June 2019 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|9|5}}|birth_place=[[Avesta Municipality|Avesta]], Sweden|height=1.80m&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;/&gt;|position=[[Forward (association football)|Forward]]|currentclub=[[Arsenal W.F.C.|Arsenal]]|clubnumber=17|youthclubs1=[[Avesta AIK]]|clubs1=Gustafs GoIF|years1=2011|goals1=14|clubs2=[[Umeå IK]]|years2=2012–2016|goals2=24|years3=2017–2020|clubs3=[[Linköpings FC|Linköping]]|goals3=17|clubs4=[[Juventus F.C. (women)|Juventus]]|years4=2020–2022|goals4=11|clubs5=[[Arsenal W.F.C.|Arsenal]]|years5=2022–|goals5=2|nationalteam1=[[Sweden women's national under-17 football team|Sweden U17]]|nationalyears1=2011–2012|nationalgoals1=2|nationalteam2=[[Sweden women's national under-19 football team|Sweden U19]]|nationalyears2=2012–2014|nationalgoals2=7|nationalteam3=[[Sweden women's national football team|Sweden]]|nationalyears3=2014–|nationalgoals3=20|medaltemplates={{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Association football|football]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{Fba|SWE}}}}
{{MedalOlympic}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo]]|[[Football at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[FIFA Women's World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup|2019 France]]|}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023 Australia-New Zealand]]|}}}}

'''Lina Mona Andréa Hurtig''' (yo o bonweng ka Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le matlhano ka ngwaga wa 1995) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao ya porofeshinale wa moSwedish yo a tshamekang kwa pele mo setlhopheng sa Women's Super League sa [[Arsenal W.F.C.|Arsenal]] le setlhopha sa setshaba sa Sweden.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games//en/results/football/athlete-profile-n1449696-hurtig-lina.htm Football HURTIG Lina – Tokyo 2020 Olympics]&quot;. ''olympics.com''. Retrieved 1 October 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya setlhopha ==
Fa a le dingwaga tse lesome le botlhano, Hurtig o tshamekile setlha sa 2011 le Gustafs GolF kwa liking ya Norrettan, e mo nakong eo e neng e le karolo ya bobedi ya kgwele ya dinao ya maSwedish.&lt;ref&gt;Rehnström, Eva (4 January 2013). &quot;[http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=161&amp;artikel=5398819 Lina Hurtig från Avesta redo för landslagsläger]&quot;. ''[[:en:Sveriges_Radio|Sveriges Radio]]'' (in Swedish). Retrieved 14 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a nosa dino di le lesome le bone le go thusa ga ne mo metshamekong e le masome mabedi.&lt;ref&gt;Christianson, Johan (29 December 2011). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191112084558/http://www.damfotboll.com/nyheter/2011/12/lina-hurtig-skrev-pa-for-tre-ar-i-umea Lina Hurtig skrev på för tre år i Umeå]&quot; (in Swedish). Damfotboll.com. Archived from [http://damfotboll.com/nyheter/2011/12/lina-hurtig-skrev-pa-for-tre-ar-i-umea the original] on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa bofelong jwa letsholo leo o ne a atamelwa ke ditlhopha tsa Damallsvenskan ebong LdB FC Malmö  le Umeå IK. O ne a ya kwa go se sa bofelo morago ga go ikatisa le bone sebakanyana.&lt;ref&gt;Ahlén, Tobias (22 December 2011). &quot;[https://archive.today/20131015073215/http://avestatidning.com/nyheter/sport/1.1482643-lina-hurtig-tranade-med-umea Lina Hurtig tränade med Umeå]&quot; (in Swedish). Avesta Tidning. Archived from [http://avestatidning.com/nyheter/sport/1.1482643-lina-hurtig-tranade-med-umea the original] on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa Umeå e lelelwa ke selepe sa magagane morago ga setlha sa 2016, Hurtig a fudugela kwa bo mmampoding ba liki Linköping FC mo tumalanong ya dingwaga tse pedi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/damallsvenskan/linkoping-varvar-superloftet-lina-hurtig/ Linköping värvar superlöftet Lina Hurtig]&quot; (in Swedish). Expressen. 8 November 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2017, ene le setlhopha sa gagwe ba fenya bosimega jwa liki ya Damallsvenskan ya 2017.

Ka Phatwe a tlhola malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2020, Hurtig a golagana le Juventus.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/lina-hurtig-is-bianconera Lina Hurtig is Bianconera!]&quot;. ''Juventus.com''. 31 August 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; A fenya bosimega gabedi ka tatelano le Juventus mo ditlheng tsa 2020–21 le 2021–22. Mo 2021–22 Champions League, Hurtig a nosa nno ya ntlha mo phenyong ya 4-0 kgatlhanong le Servette FC, a thusa Juventus go fetela kwa di quarer-finaleng tsa Champions League e le la ntlha.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.espn.com/soccer/commentary/_/gameId/619285 Juventus 4-0 Servette (Dec 16, 2021) Commentary]&quot;. ''ESPN''. Retrieved 30 December 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ka Phatwe a tlhola malatsi a le lesome le borobedi ka ngwaga wa 2022, Hurtig a ya kwa [[Arsenal W.F.C.|Arsenal]] a fuduga ga se nnela ruri,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.arsenal.com/news/arsenal-complete-lina-hurtig-signing Arsenal complete Lina Hurtig signing]&quot;. ''Arsenal.com''. 18 August 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; ka tlhwatlhwa e e neng ya begwa moragonyana ke Juventus ya € 73k.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.juventus.com/images/image/upload/fl_attachment/dev/awifedx9xwuypsv4ssqy.pdf CONSOLIDATED HALFYEARLY FINANCIAL REPORT AT 31 DECEMBER 2022]&quot; (PDF). ''Juventus FC''. 7 April 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; O nositse nno ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Arsenal ka Lwetse a tlhola malatsi a le marataro ka 2023 mo phenyong ya 3-0 kgatlhanong le setlhopha sa gagwe sa pele Linköping mo tikologong ya ntlha ya go ipatlela phatlha kwa Champions League ya 2023–24.&lt;ref&gt;Verri, Matt (6 September 2023). &quot;[https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/arsenal-vs-linkpings-result-womens-champions-league-2023-foord-hurtig-blackstenius-b1105339.html Hurtig scores against former club as Arsenal win in Women's Champions League]&quot;. ''Evening Standard''. Retrieved 29 December 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya boditshabatshaba ==
[[Setshwantsho:Lina Hurtig (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Hurtig with [[:en:Sweden_women's_national_football_team|Sweden]] in 2013]]
Fa a le mo setlhopheng sa Sweden sa setshaba sa under-19, Hurtig e ne e le mosimolodi wa tlwaelo kwa U-19 European Championship ka 2012.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.arsenal.com/news/17-things-you-need-know-about-lina-hurtig 17 things you need to know about Lina Hurtig]&quot;. ''17 things you need to know about Lina Hurtig''. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; O simolotse motshameko wa setlhopha sa Sweden se neng sa o fenya ka nno e le nngwe go lefela ka nako e e okeditsweng kgatlhanong le Spain kwa makgaolakgannyeng.

Ka Sedimonthole a le masome a mabedi le bobedi, mokatisi wa setlhopha sa setshaba Pia Sundhage a bitsa Hurtig yo a neng a le dingwaga tse lesome le bosupa kwa ikatisong ya setlhopha se segolo sa setshaba kwa Bosön.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/landslaget/sundhage-tar-med-17-aring-pa-lagret/ Sundhage tar med 17-åring på lägret]&quot; (in Swedish). [[:en:Expressen|Expressen]]. 17 December 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;  Hurtig  o ne a bidiwa gape mo setlhopheng se segolo se se neng sa tshameka maleka a nno go setlhopha le sa Brazil ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabongwe ka 2013.&lt;ref&gt;Broman, Elin (5 June 2013). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130609023629/http://www.dt.se/sport/fotboll/1.5953814-lina-hurtig-i-sundhages-trupp Lina Hurtig i Sundhages trupp]&quot; (in Swedish). [[:en:Dalarnas_Tidningar|Dalarnas Tidningar]]. Archived from [http://www.dt.se/sport/fotboll/1.5953814-lina-hurtig-i-sundhages-trupp the original] on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a solofetse gore o taa tsenngwa mo setlhopheng sa bofelo seo sa batshegetsi ba EUFA Euro 2013, mme o ne a seka a tlhophiwa.

Fa a sena go tlogela Hurtigkwa ntle ga setlhopha se se neng se tshameka motshameko wa botsalano le Norway ka Motsheganong wa 2013, Sundhage a tlhalosa fa go na le kgonagalo ya gore e nne motshameki wa tlhwatlhwa wa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20141107142049/http://avestatidning.com/sport/1.2075840-lina-hurtig-fick-ingen-plats Lina Hurtig fick ingen plats]&quot; (in Swedish). Avesta Tidning. 15 May 2013. Archived from [http://avestatidning.com/sport/1.2075840-lina-hurtig-fick-ingen-plats the original] on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hurtig o ne a fiwa iponagatso ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha se segolo a tsena go emisetsa yo mongwe mo malekeng a nngwe go setlhopha le Canada ka Ngwanatsele wa 2014.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150129030736/http://www.vk.se/1332234/oavgjort-mot-kanada-2 Oavgjort för Sverige när Hurtig debuterade]&quot; (in Swedish). [[:en:Västerbottens-Kuriren|Västerbottens-Kuriren]]. 27 November 2014. Archived from [http://www.vk.se/1332234/oavgjort-mot-kanada-2 the original] on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hurtig o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa Sweden se se neng sa ya kwa France kwa sejaneng sa lefatshe sa 2019. O ne a nosa nno ya gagwe ya ntlha mo kgaisanong mo phenyong ya tse tlhano go ele nngwe kgatlhanong le Thailand.&lt;ref&gt;Sport, Telegraph (16 June 2019). &quot;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-cup/2019/06/16/sweden-book-place-last-16-world-cup-asthailand-endure-another/ Sweden book place in last 16 of World Cup as Thailand endure another rout]&quot;. ''Telegraph''. Retrieved 16 June 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phukwi wa 2021, o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa Sweden sa diOlimpiki tsa selemo sa 2020.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.tuttojuve.com/juventus-femminile/la-juventus-in-bocca-a-lupo-a-lina-hurtig-che-partecipera-alle-olimpiadi-565125 La Juventus: &quot;In bocca a lupo a Lina Hurtig che parteciperà alle Olimpiadi]&quot;&quot;. ''Tutto Juve'' (in Italian). Retrieved 20 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Phukwi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe, a nosa mo phenyong ya tse tharo go lefela kgatlhanong le Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/21/sweden-stuns-us-womens-soccer-team-with-3-0-thrashing-in-tokyo-opener.html Sweden stuns U.S. women's soccer team with 3–0 thrashing in Tokyo opener]&quot;. ''CNBC''. 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro 2023, o ne a akarediwa mo setlhopheng sa ba le masome a mabedi le boraro sa sejana sa lefatshe sa 2023.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65902530 Sweden veteran Seger to play at fifth World Cup]&quot;. ''BBC Sport''. Retrieved 20 June 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo karolong ya ba ba lesome le borataro o ne a nosa penaliti e e neng e gatisitswe ka motshikinyego mo tlhagong ya dipenaliti kgatlhanong le Amerika, ba ntshetsa ba sireletsi ba gabedi ba sejana seo kwa ntle.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.espn.in/football/story/_/id/38143948/uswnt-world-cup-millimeter-goalkeeper-naeher Naeher: USWNT's World Cup over by a millimeter]&quot;. ''ESPN''. 6 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo ja gagwe ==
Phatlwe a le lesome le borataro ka 2019, Lina Hurtig o ne a bega fa a nyalane le Lisa Lantz, motshameki ka ene kwa Umeå IK le kwa Linköping FC.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/B1PFOREiyAE Lina Hurtig on Instagram: &quot;2019•08•04 🌹💍 I love you ♾&quot;]&quot;. ''Instagram''. Archived from [https://www.instagram.com/p/B1PFOREiyAE/ the original] on 24 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso ka 2021, morwadia Hurtig o ne a tsholwa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.repubblica.it/sport/calcio/serie-a/juventus/2021/06/11/news/juventus_women_lisa_hurtig_figlia_insulti_social-305487826/ Juventus Women, è nata la figlia di Lina Hurtig e Lisa Lantz]&quot;. ''la Repubblica'' (in Italian). 11 June 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dipalopalo tsa tiro ==

=== Boditshabatshaba ===

: ''Dino tse di nositsweng e sale ka Phukwi wa 2022 a rogwa''
: ''Lenaane la dino le maduo a palogotlhe ya dino tsa Sweden pele, karolo ya dino e supa dino morago ga nno nngwe le nngwe ya ga Hurtig''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+List of international goals scored by Lina Hurtig
!No.
!Letsatsi
!Lefelo
!Moganetsi
!Dino
!Maduo
!Kgaisano
!Metswedi
|-
|1
|22 September 2015
|Gamla Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
|Poland
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1–0
|3–0
|UEFA Euro 2017 qualification
|
|-
|2
|19 September 2017
|Stadion Varteks, Varaždin, Croatia
|Croatia
|2–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019 FIFA World Cup qualification
|
|-
|3
|24 October 2017
|Borås Arena, Borås, Sweden
|Hungary
|5–0
|
|-
|4
|16 June 2019
|Allianz Riviera, Nice, France
|Thailand
|4–0
|5–1
|2019 FIFA World Cup
|
|-
|5
|8 October 2019
|Gamla Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
|Slovakia
|2–0
|7–0
|UEFA Euro 2022 qualification
|
|-
|6
|7 March 2020
|Lagos Municipal Stadium, Lagos, Portugal
|Denmark
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1–0
|1–2
|2020 Algarve Cup
|&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230811092126/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-danmark-landskamper-dam-senior/4421856/ Sverige–Danmark – Matchfakta]&quot; (in Swedish). [[:en:Swedish_Football_Association|Swedish Football Association]]. Retrieved 22 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|7
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17 September 2020
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gamla Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Hungary
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |8–0
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |UEFA Euro 2022 qualification
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
|8
|5–0
|-
|9
|22 October 2020
|Latvia
|1–0
|7–0
|
|-
|10
|19 February 2021
|Hibernians Stadium, Paola, Malta
|Austria
|3–1
|6–1
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Friendly
|
|-
|11
|10 April 2021
|Friends Arena, Stockholm, Sweden
|United States
|1–0
|1–1
|&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230722154713/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-usa-landskamper-dam-senior/4875961/ Sverige–USA – Matchfakta]&quot; (in Swedish). [[:en:Swedish_Football_Association|Swedish Football Association]]. Retrieved 22 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|12
|13 April 2021
|Stadion Miejski Widzewa, Łódź, Poland
|Poland
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |4–2
|
|-
|13
|21 July 2021
|Ajinomoto Stadium, Chofu, Japan
|United States
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |3–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020 Summer Olympics
|
|-
|14
|24 July 2021
|Saitama Stadium 2002, Saitama, Japan
|Australia
|2–2
|4–2
|
|-
|15
|25 November 2021
|Gamla Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
|Finland
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |2–1
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2023 FIFA World Cup qualification
|
|-
|16
|30 November 2021
|Stadion, Malmö, Sweden
|Slovakia
|1–0
|3–0
|
|-
|17
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |7 April 2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tengiz Burjanadze Stadium, Gori, Georgia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Georgia
|9–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
|18
|11–0
|-
|19
|28 June 2022
|Friends Arena, Stockholm, Sweden
|Brazil
|2–1
|3–1
|Friendly
|
|-
|20
|6 September 2022
|Tampere Stadium, Tampere, Finland
|Finland
|2–0
|5–0
|2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification
|
|-
|21
|22 September 2023
|Gamla Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
|Spain
|2–2
|2–3
|2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League
|}

== Ditlotla ==
'''Linköpings FC'''

* Damallsvenskan: 2017

'''Juventus'''

* Serie A: 2020–21, 2021–22
* Coppa Italia: 2021–22 [it]
* Supercoppa Italiana: 2020–21, 2021–22

'''Arsenal'''

* FA League Cup: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;Sanders, Emma (5 March 2023). &quot;[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/64826554 Arsenal 3–1 Chelsea: Gunners fight back to win Women's League Cup final]&quot;. ''BBC Sport''. Retrieved 6 March 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Sweden'''

* UEFA Under-19 Championship: 2012

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Heath</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="8277" sha1="73hrw329fq5ddjr5wteufbb0hcpzj9z" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Amrum (187753235).jpeg|thumb|heath kwa [[:en:Amrum|Amrum]], Germany]]
Heath ke lefelo le le nang le ditlhatshana le le fitlhelwang thata mo mebung e e sa ungweng, e e nang le asiti e bile e na le mmu o o bulegileng, o o golang kwa tlase o o nang le ditlhare. Moorland ka kakaretso e amana le dithaba tse di kwa godimo tsa naga&lt;ref&gt;Polunin, Oleg; Walters, Martin (1985). ''A Guide to the Vegetation of Britain and Europe''. Oxford University Press. p. 220. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;0-19-217713-3&lt;/bdi&gt;.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press]&lt;/ref&gt; ka - bogolosegolo kwa Great Britain - tlelaemete e e tsiditsana le e e tsiditsana

Di-heath di aname lefatshe ka bophara mme di nyelela ka bonako mme di tsewa e le lefelo le le sa tlwaelegang kwa Yuropa.&lt;ref&gt;Anon. &quot;Heath and Moorland&quot;. ''Field Studies Council''. FSC. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.[https://web.archive.org/web/20140715024644/http://www.lifeonland.org.uk/heath]&lt;/ref&gt; Di bopa ditšhaba tse di farologaneng go ralala Australia mo mafelong a a bongola le a a bongola mo go tlhokegang gore go nne le melelo e e tukang gangwe le gape go boloka mafelo a a mogote. &lt;ref&gt;Specht, R.L. 'Heathlands' in 'Australian Vegetation' R.H. Groves ed. Cambridge University Press 1988&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditsha tsa bojang le fa e le tse di sa anamang thata, di fitlhelwa kwa Borwa jwa Afrika. Gape go na le mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana tse dintsi kwa Texas chaparral, New Caledonia, kwa bogare jwa Chile le mo dintshing tsa Lewatle la Mediterranean. Mo godimo ga mafelo ano a a bulegileng a a nang le dimela, mofuta ono wa dimela gape o fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a gasameng mo dikontinenteng tsotlhe, kwantle ga Antarctica.

== Dinonofo ==
Ditlhaba tse di mogote di ratiwa fa maemo a tlelaemete a le thata e bile a le omeletseng, segolobogolo ka selemo, le fa mmu o le asiti, o sa ungwe sentle, mme gantsi o le motlhaba e bile o sa kgogole thata; seretse se ka nna teng fa metsi a sa kgogole sentle, mme gantsi a le mannye fela. Di-heath di na le ditlhatshana tse di kwa tlase, tse di boleele jwa disentimetara di le 20 go ya go dimetara di le 2.

Dimela tsa mo nageng di ka nna le mefuta e mentsi ya dimela, mme mafelo a a mogote a Australia a na le mefuta e e ka nnang 3,700 ya dimela tse di tlholegang mo nageng eo kgotsa tse di tlwaelegileng go na le mefuta e mengwe e mentsi ya dimela e e sa fitlhelweng thata.&lt;ref&gt;Specht, R.L. 'Heathlands' in 'Australian Vegetation' R.H. Groves ed. Cambridge University Press 1988&lt;/ref&gt;Fynbos heathlands ya Afrika Borwa ke ya bobedi morago ga dikgwa tsa pula tsa tropiki ka go farologana ga dimela le mefuta e e fetang 7000 ya dimela.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Montane fynbos and renosterveld&quot;. ''Terrestrial Ecoregions''. World Wildlife Fund.[https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1203]&lt;/ref&gt;Go farologana le seo, mafelo a mannye a a nang le mmu o o bongola kwa Yuropa a na le dimela tse di humanegileng thata tse di akaretsang heather (Calluna vulgaris), heath (mofuta wa Erica) le gorse (mofuta wa Ulex).

Dinonyane tse di nnang mo mafelong a a mogote gantsi ke mefuta ya dinonyane tse di nnang mo kgaolong eo. &lt;ref&gt;Specht, R.L. 'Heathlands' in 'Australian Vegetation' R.H. Groves ed. Cambridge University Press 1988&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Montane fynbos and renosterveld&quot;. ''Terrestrial Ecoregions''. World Wildlife Fund.[https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1203]&lt;/ref&gt;Mo mafelong a a mogote a Yuropa, mefuta ya dinonyane e na le go nna e e tlhomologileng thata mo morafeng, mme e akaretsa Montagu's harrier le setlhare se se bidiwang tree pipit. Kwa Australia, diphologolo tse di jang dinonyane tse di nnang mo mafelong a a mogote di laolwa ke dinonyane tse di jang tswina ya dinotshe tse di jaaka di-honey-eater le di-lorikeet, le fa gone dinonyane tse dingwe tse dintsi tse di jaaka di-emu le dintsu le tsone di tlwaelegile mo mafelong a a mogote a Australia. Dinonyane tsa fynbos ya Afrika Borwa di akaretsa di-sunbird, di-warbler le di-siskin. Mafelo a a mogote gape ke lefelo le le siameng thata la go nna la ditshenekegi tse di akaretsang ditshoswane, dirurubele, dirurubele le diboko; mefuta e mentsi ya ditshedi e fitlhelwa fela mo go one. Sekai se sengwe sa ditshedi tse di fitlhelwang fela mo mafelong a a nang le mmu o o bongola ke serurubele sa mmala wa selefera, Plebejus argus.&lt;ref&gt;Dennis, Roger L.H.; Sparks, Tim H. (2006). &quot;When is a habitat not a habitat? Dramatic resource use changes under differing weather conditions for the butterfly Plebejus argus&quot;. ''Biological Conservation''. '''129''' (3): 291–301. Bibcode:2006BCons.129..291D. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.043.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_Conservation]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dianthropogenic heaths ==
Mafelo a batho ba nnang mo go one ke mafelo a setso a a fitlhelwang mo lefatsheng lotlhe mo mafelong a a farologaneng jaaka Yuropa bokone le bophirima, Amerika, Australia, New Zealand, Madagascar le New Guinea. 

Kwa tshimologong mafelo ano a ne a dirwa kana a atolosiwa ka makgolo a dingwaga a batho ba neng ba senya dikgwa tsa tlholego le dimela tsa sekgwa, ka go fula le go fisa. Mo mabakeng a mangwe, go ne ga nna thata jaana mo e leng gore dikarolo dingwe tsa naga e e nang le mmu di ne tsa fetoga mafelo a a nang le motlhaba o o phepa le dithota tsa motlhaba, mme tlelaemete ya lefelo leo, tota le kwa Yuropa, e ka nna ya tlhatloga go fitlha go 50 °C (122 °F) ka selemo, mme seno se dira gore lefelo le le nang le motlhaba le le fa thoko ga naga e e nang le mmu le omelele le go dira gore go nne motlhofo gore go nne le molelo wa naga. Oliver Rackham o ne a bolela jaana fa a ne a bua ka naga e e nang le ditlhare tse di kitlaneng kwa Engelane: &quot;Go phepafetse gore naga e e nang le ditlhare tse di kitlaneng ke e e dirilweng ke batho mme e tshwanetse go laolwa jaaka naga e e kitlaneng; fa e tlhokomologiwa e fetoga sekgwa&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Rackham, Oliver (1997). ''The History of the Countryside''. Phoenix. p. 282.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Rackham]&lt;/ref&gt;

Boleng jwa tshomarelo ya di-heath tse di dirilweng ke motho bo setse bo anaanelwa thata ka ntlha ya boleng jwa tsona jwa setso jaaka mafelo a bonno;&lt;ref&gt;Atkins, William (2015). ''The moor: a journey into the English wilderness''. London. pp. 115, 202 and throughout. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-571-29005-5&lt;/bdi&gt;. OCLC 910177358.[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/910177358]&lt;/ref&gt; ka jalo, bontsi jwa di-heathland di sireleditswe. Le fa go ntse jalo, di mo kotsing ya go senngwa ke ditlhare ka ntlha ya go se tlhole go dirisiwa mekgwa ya setso ya go di tlhokomela, e e jaaka go fula le go fisa, e e neng e dira gore go nne le mafelo a a farologaneng. Dingwe tsa tsone gape di mo kotsing ya go nyelela ka ntlha ya go anama ga ditoropo. Mafelo a a tsididi a a dirwang ke batho a bolokwa ka tsela ya maitirelo ka go kopanya go fula le go fisa ka dinako tse dingwe (go go itsegeng e le swailing),&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dartmoor fire 'largest in years'&quot;. ''BBC News''. 7 April 2013.[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-22054636]&lt;/ref&gt; kgotsa (e seng gantsi) go sega; fa di sa bolokwe jalo, di busediwa ka bonako ke sekgwa kgotsa sekgwa. Mefuta ya ditlhare tse di tla tsenang gape mo lefelong leno e tla ikaega ka gore ke dife tse di leng teng mo lefelong leno tse di ntshang peo, ka jalo, di ka tswa di sa bontshe dimela tsa tlholego tse di neng di le teng pele ga go nna le lefelo leno le le nang le ditlhare.

== Mo dibukeng ==

* ''King Lear'', ka William Shakespeare
* ''Wuthering Heights'', ka Emily Brontë
* ''The Return of the Native'', ka Thomas Hardy
* ''Ethan Frome'', ka Edith Wharton

== Ditshwantsho ==
[[Setshwantsho:Lüneburger Heide 109.jpg|left|thumb]]
[[Setshwantsho:Netherlands, Veluwe (2), Epe, Renderklippen.jpg|center|thumb|Heathland kwa [[:en:Veluwe|Veluwe]] forest, [[:en:Netherlands|Netherlands]]]]


[[Setshwantsho:Heath Poland.jpg|thumb|Heath kwa Poland]]


[[Setshwantsho:Heath.jpg|center|thumb|heath]]
[[Setshwantsho:Jussi heath in autumn.JPG|left|thumb|Heath kwa [[:en:Põhja-Kõrvemaa_Nature_Reserve|Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve]] kwa [[:en:Estonia|Estonia]]]]
[[Setshwantsho:Middlebere Heath - geograph.org.uk - 4336161.jpg|thumb|heath landscape kwa Stirling mountains of Western Australia,  le &quot;dieback&quot;-infested valley in the mid-ground]]


== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Frank Sheeran</title>
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      <text bytes="14898" sha1="8o3x80gxya81a1dsm26ne6i4v5nuw8u" xml:space="preserve">Francis Joseph Sheeran (October 25, 1920 - December 14, 2003), yo gape a itsiweng jaaka

{{Infobox person|name=Frank Sheeran|image=Franksheeran.jpg|caption=Sheeran's 1980 mugshot|birth_name=Francis Joseph Sheeran&lt;ref name=&quot;ssa&quot;&gt;''U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936–2007''&lt;/ref&gt;|birth_date={{birth date|1920|10|25|mf=y}}|birth_place=[[Darby, Pennsylvania]], U.S.|death_date={{death date and age|mf=yes|2003|12|14|1920|10|25}}|occupation=Teamsters union official|other names=The Irishman|organization=Local 326, [[International Brotherhood of Teamsters]]|criminal penalty=32 years imprisonment&lt;ref name=&quot;kaplan&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kaplan |first1=Michael |title=The 'real' story of the man who murdered Jimmy Hoffa |url=https://nypost.com/2017/11/19/the-real-story-of-the-man-who-murdered-jimmy-hoffa/ |access-date=November 18, 2019 |work=[[New York Post]] |date=November 19, 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|spouse={{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Mary Leddy|1946|1968|reason=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Irene Gray|1968|1995|reason=her death}}
}}|children=4|death_place=[[West Chester, Pennsylvania]], U.S.|resting place=[[Holy Cross Cemetery (Yeadon, Pennsylvania)|Holy Cross Cemetery]], [[Yeadon, Pennsylvania]], U.S.}}

&quot;The Irishman&quot;, e ne e le modiredi wa mokgatlho wa badiri wa kwa Amerika e bile e le motlhankedi wa Jimmy Hoffa le Russell Bufalino. O ne a latofadiwa ka gore o na le dikamano le lelapa la bokebekwa la Bufalino mo maemong a gagwe jaaka modiredimogolo wa maemo a a kwa godimo mo International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), moporesidente wa Local 326. Sheeran e ne e le mongwe wa batho ba ba neng ba eteletse pele mo go tseneleleng ga bosenyi jo bo rulagantsweng mo mekgatlhong ya badiri ka bo1960 le bo1970. Ka 1980, o ne a bonwa molato wa go dira ditiro tse di seng kafa molaong mme a atlholelwa dingwaga di le 32 mo kgolegelong, tse a di feditseng di le 13. Pelenyana fela ga loso lwa gagwe ka 2003, o ne a bolela gore o bolaile moeteledipele wa Ba-Teamster e bong Jimmy Hoffa ka 1975. Mokwadi Charles Brandt o ne a tlhalosa ka botlalo se Sheeran a neng a se mmolelela ka ga Hoffa mo bukeng ya gagwe ya I Heard You Paint Houses (2004). Boammaruri jwa buka, go akaretsa le go ipolela ga ga Sheeran go bolaya Hoffa le Joe Gallo, bo ile jwa ganetsanwa ke bangwe.&lt;ref&gt;Tonelli, Bill (August 7, 2019). &quot;The Lies of &quot;The Irishman&quot;&quot;. ''Slate''. Retrieved August 7, 2019.[https://slate.com/culture/2019/08/the-irishman-scorsese-netflix-movie-true-story-lies.html]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Goldsmith, Jack (September 26, 2019). &quot;Jimmy Hoffa and The Irishman: A True Crime Story?&quot;. ''New York Review of Books''. Retrieved September 26, [https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2019/09/26/jimmy-hoffa-and-the-irishman-a-true-crime-story/ 2019]&lt;/ref&gt;Buka e ke motheo wa filimi ya 2019 The Irishman e e kaelwang ke Martin Scorsese e e neng e na le Robert De Niro jaaka Sheeran, Al Pacino jaaka Hoffa, le Joe Pesci jaaka Bufalino.

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Sheeran o tsholetswe le go golela kwa Darby, Pennsylvania, e leng toropo e nnye ya badiri kwa ntle ga Philadelphia. E ne e le morwa wa ga Thomas Francis Sheeran Jr. le Mary Agnes Hanson. &lt;ref&gt;''U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936–2007''&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''1940 United States Federal Census''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;English, T.J. (2005). ''Paddy whacked: the untold story of the Irish American gangster''. HarperCollins. p. 438. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-06-059002-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.[https://books.google.com/books?id=uvDN9yBVBF8C&amp;q=%22frank%20sheeran%22%20darby&amp;pg=PA438]&lt;/ref&gt;Rraagwe o ne a tswa kwa Ireland, fa mmaagwe ene a ne a tswa kwa Sweden. Gantsi rraagwe o ne a mo dira gore a lwe le ene ka ditlelafo tsa mabokose. &lt;ref&gt;Brandt, Charles (2004). ''&quot;I Heard You Paint Houses&quot;: Frank &quot;The Irishman&quot; Sheeran and the Inside Story of the Mafia, the Teamsters and the Last Ride of Jimmy Hoffa''. Hanover, New Hampshire: Steerforth Press. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-58642-077-2&lt;/bdi&gt;. OCLC 54897800.[https://archive.org/details/iheardyoupaintho00bran]&lt;/ref&gt;

== World war II ==
Sheeran o ne a tsenela sesole sa United States ka Phatwe 1941, a fetsa katiso ya motheo gaufi le Biloxi, Mississippi, mme a abelwa go nna lepodisi la sesole. Morago ga tlhaselo ya Pearl Harbor, o ne a ithaopela go katisiwa mo Airborne kwa Fort Benning, Georgia, mme o ne a tswa mo legetleng mme a fetisediwa kwa 45th Infantry Division, e e itsegeng jaaka &quot;The Thunderbirds&quot; le &quot;The Killer Division&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Brandt (2004), pp.38-39.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sheeran#refBrandt2004]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944 (The Liberation Trilogy)&quot;. ''www.bookscool.com''. p. 17.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210308143558/https://www.bookscool.com/en/The-Day-of-Battle-The-War-in-Sicily-and-Italy-1943-1944-The-Liberation-Trilogy-963193/17]&lt;/ref&gt;Ka July 14, 1943, o ne a ya kwa Afrika Bokone. 

Sheeran o ne a direla malatsi a le 411 a tiro ya ntwa - lobaka lo lo botlhokwa lwa nako, jaaka palogare e ne e le malatsi a le 100.&lt;ref&gt;Brandt (2004), pp.38-39.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sheeran#refBrandt2004]&lt;/ref&gt;Maitemogelo a gagwe a ntlha a ntwa e ne e le ka nako ya Letsholo la Italy, go akaretsa go tlhaselwa ga Sicily, go fologela kwa Salerno, le Letsholo la Anzio. Morago o ne a direla mo go tseneng mo lewatleng kwa borwa jwa Fora le go tlhasela Jeremane. Sheeran o ne a re:&lt;ref&gt;Brandt (2004), pp.50-52.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sheeran#refBrandt2004]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo e ka nnang malatsi otlhe a le masome a matlhano a ke neng ka a senya ke le mo AWOL - ke seyo kwantle ga go ya malatsing a boikhutso - ke ne ka a fetsa ke nwa beine e khibidu e bile ke lelekisa basadi ba Ba-Italy, Bafora le Bajeremane. Le fa go ntse jalo, ke ne ke se ke ka tsamaya ke sa letlelelwa fa setlhopha sa me se ne se boela kwa ntweng. Fa e le gore o ne o seyo fa setlhopha sa gago se ne se boela kwa ntweng o ne o ka nna wa tswelela pele ka gonne mongwe wa badiredibagolo ba gago o ne a ka go bolaya mme ba ne ba sa tlhoke le go bolela gore ke Bajeremane. Seo ke go ngwega fa o lebane le mmaba.&lt;ref&gt;Brandt (2004), p.40.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sheeran#refBrandt2004]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melato ya ntwa ==
Sheeran o ne a gakologelwa nako ya fa a ne a le kwa ntweng e le nako ya fa a ne a simolola go nna peloethata go bolaya batho. O ne a bolela gore o nnile le seabe mo dipolaong tse dintsi le mo go bolaweng ga magolegwa a ntwa a Majeremane, e leng ditiro tse di neng di le kgatlhanong le Tumalano ya Hague ya 1899 le 1907 le Tumalano ya Geneva ya 1929 ka magolegwa a ntwa. Fa a ne a botsolotsa Charles Brandt, o ne a kgaoganya dipolao tseo tsa kgailo ka ditlhopha di le nnè:

# Go ipusolosetsa ka go bolaya batho mo gare ga ntwa. Sheeran o ne a bolelela Brandt gore lesole lengwe la Mojeremane le ne le sa tswa go bolaya ditsala tsa gagwe tse di atamalaneng le ene mme morago ga moo le ne la leka go ineela, mme o ne a tlhopha go &quot;mo romela kwa diheleng le ene&quot;. O ne a tlhalosa gore gantsi o ne a bona boitshwaro jo bo tshwanang le jwa masole a mangwe. &lt;ref&gt;Brandt (2004), pp.50-52.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sheeran#refBrandt2004]&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ditaelo go tswa go baokamedi ba yuniti ka nako ya thomo. Sheeran o ne a tlhalosa polao ya gagwe ya ntlha ya bokebekwa jo bo rulagantsweng jaana: &quot;Go ne go tshwana fela le fa modiredimogolo a ne a go bolelela gore o ise magolegwa a le mabedi a Bajeremane kwa morago ga mola mme o ba 'tlose ka bonako.' O dirile se o neng o tshwanetse go se dira&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Brandt (2004), pp.50-52.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sheeran#refBrandt2004]&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ditlhaselo tsa kwa Dachau le dipolao tse dingwe tsa go ipusolosetsa tsa batlhokomedi ba dikampa tsa pogisetso tsa Banasi le bagolegwa ba ba neng ba tlhokometswe. Maiteko a a rulagantsweng a go nyenyefatsa le go nyenyefatsa batshwarwa ba ntwa ba Bajeremane. Setlhopha sa ga Sheeran se ne se palame Dithaba tsa Harz fa se ne se kopana le terena ya dipitse tsa Wehrmacht e e neng e rwele dijo le dino go tswa mo dithabeng. Baapei ba basadi ba ne ba letlelelwa go tsamaya ba sa tshwenngwe, go tswa foo Sheeran le masole a mangwe a gagwe &quot;ba ne ba ja se re neng re se batla mme ba kgotlela ba bangwe ka matlakala a rona&quot;. Morago ga moo, bakgweetsi ba dipitse ba Wehrmacht ba ne ba fiwa dipone mme ba laelwa gore ba &quot;ikelele mabitla a bone a a seng boteng&quot;. Sheeran o ne a dira motlae ka gore ba ne ba dira jalo ba sa ngongorege, gongwe ba solofetse gore ene le ditsala tsa gagwe ba ne ba tla fetola mogopolo wa bone. Bakgweetsi ba dipitse ba ne ba thuntshiwa ba bo ba fitlhwa mo dikhuting tse ba neng ba di epile. Sheeran o ne a tlhalosa gore ka nako eo, o ne &quot;a sa okaoke go dira se ke neng ke tshwanetse go se dira&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Brandt (2004), pp.50-[[:en:Frank_Sheeran#refBrandt2004|52]]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Go gololwa le morago ga ntwa'''

Sheeran o ne a ntshiwa mo bosoleng ka October 24, 1945. Moragonyana o ne a gakologelwa gore e ne e le &quot;letsatsi pele ga letsatsi la me la botsalo la masome a mabedi le botlhano, mme fela go ya ka khalendara&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Brandt (2004), pp.50-52.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a boa kwa bosoleng, Sheeran o ne a nyala Mary Leddy, mofaladi wa Mo-Ireland. Ba ne ba na le bana ba le bararo ba basetsana, MaryAnne, Dolores, le Peggy, mme ba ne ba tlhalana ka 1968.&lt;ref&gt;Burke, Caroline (November 27, 2019). &quot;Mary Leddy, Frank Sheeran's First Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know&quot;.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sheeran#refBrandt2004]&lt;/ref&gt;Morago ga moo Sheeran o ne a nyala Irene Gray, yo a neng a nna le morwadie a le mongwe, Connie. Irene o ne a tlhokafala ka Sedimonthole 1995. &lt;ref&gt;Brandt, Charles (October 15, 2019). ''The Irishman (Movie Tie-In): Frank Sheeran and Closing the Case on Jimmy Hoffa''. Steerforth Press. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-58642-247-9&lt;/bdi&gt;.[https://books.google.com/books?id=4RG_DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=irene+sheeran+frank+1995&amp;pg=PA278]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bokebekwa jo bo Rulagantsweng le Mokgatlho wa Bakgweetsi ba Dithekisi ==
Fa a tlogela tirelo, Sheeran o ne a nna mokgweetsi wa Food Fair mme a kopana le Russell Bufalino ka 1955 fa Bufalino a ne a ithaopela go mo thusa go baakanya teraka ya gagwe, mme moragonyana a dira ditiro tsa go mo kgweetsa le go tsamaisa dithoto. Sheeran o ne gape a dira mo bareng e e kwa Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Bill Distanisloa, lesole la ga Angelo Bruno.

Go ya ka buka ya botshelo jwa gagwe, polao ya ntlha ya ga Sheeran e ne e le go bolaya Whispers DiTullio, senokwane se se neng sa mo hira go senya Cadillac Linen Service kwa Delaware ka $10,000.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Frank Sheeran&quot;. ''Biography''. Retrieved December 4, 2019.[https://www.biography.com/crime-figure/frank-sheeran]&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, Sheeran o ne a sa itse gore Angelo Bruno o ne a na le seabe se segolo mo ditirelong tsa leloba. Sheeran o ne a bonwa kwa ntle ga kgwebo mme a tlisiwa go tla go botsolodiwa. Bufalino o ne a dira gore Bruno a se ka a bolaya Sheeran mme o ne a laela Sheeran gore a bolaye DiTullio e le go ipusolosetsa. Sheeran o ne a belaelwa gape ka polao ya Joe Gallo kwa Umberto's Clam House ka April 7, 1972.&lt;ref&gt;Brandt, Charles (2004). ''&quot;I Heard You Paint Houses&quot;: Frank &quot;The Irishman&quot; Sheeran and the Inside Story of the Mafia, the Teamsters and the Last Ride of Jimmy Hoffa''. Hanover, New Hampshire: Steerforth Press. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-58642-077-2&lt;/bdi&gt;. OCLC 54897800.[https://archive.org/details/iheardyoupaintho00bran]&lt;/ref&gt;

Bufalino o ne a itsise Sheeran go Moporesidente wa Teamsters International Jimmy Hoffa. Go ya ka Sheeran, Hoffa o ne a nna tsala ya gagwe e kgolo mme a dirisa Sheeran go bona maatla, go akaretsa le go bolaya maloko a mokgatlho wa badiri a a neng a sa ikanyege le maloko a mekgatlho ya badiri e e neng e le kgatlhanong le Teamsters. Sheeran o ne a bolela gore mo puisanong ya gagwe ya ntlha le Hoffa mo mogaleng, Hoffa o simolotse ka go re, &quot;Ke utlwile o penta matlo&quot; - khoutu ya segopa ya &quot;Ke utlwile o bolaya batho&quot; (pente e ne e tshetswe madi).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Interview: Charles Brandt, author 'I Heard You Paint Houses'&quot;. ''amp-clickondetroit-com.cdn.ampproject.org''. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved November 16, 2019.[https://web.archive.org/web/20191018102526/https://amp-clickondetroit-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/amp.clickondetroit.com/news/interview-charles-brandt-author-i-heard-you-paint-houses?usqp=mq331AQA&amp;amp_js_v=0.1]&lt;/ref&gt; Moragonyana Sheeran o ne a nna moporesidente wa Local 326 ya Teamsters Union kwa Wilmington, Delaware. 

Sheeran o ne a latofadiwa ka 1972 ka polao ya 1967 ya ga Robert DeGeorge, yo o neng a bolawa ka go thuntshana fa pele ga ntlokgolo ya Local 107. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgetsi eno e ne ya phimolwa ka ntlha ya gore Sheeran o ne a ganetswe tsheko e e potlakileng. Gape o ne a latofadiwa ka gore o ne a loga leano la go bolaya Francis J. Marino, mokgatlho wa badiri wa kwa Philadelphia, ka 1976, le Frederick John Gawronski, yo o neng a bolawa ka one ngwaga oo kwa ntlong ya bojalwa kwa New Castle, Delaware.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tapes Provide Rare Glimpse of Union-Crime Dealings&quot;. ''The New York Times''. October 28, 1979.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kgolegelo le loso ==
Sheeran o ne a latofadiwa mmogo le ba bangwe ba le barataro ka July 1980, ka ditatofatso tse di amanang le dikgokagano tsa gagwe le dikgwebo tsa go hira badiri tse di laolwang ke Eugene Boffa Sr. wa Hackensack, New Jersey. Ka di 31 Diphalane 1980, Sheeran o ne a bonwa molato wa melato e le 11 ya go tsietsa badiri.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Teamster Leader in Delaware Guilty of Labor Racketeering&quot;. ''The New York Times''. October 31, 1980.[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/31/us/teamster-leader-in-delaware-guilty-of-labor-racketeering.html]&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a atlholelwa dingwaga di le 32 mo kgolegelong mme a di fetsa di le 13.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Where is Hoffa?&quot;. ''8 HD I-Team''. November 13, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;Sheeran o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya kankere ka Sedimonthole 14, 2003, a le dingwaga di le 83, kwa legaeng la batsofe kwa West Chester, Pennsylvania.&lt;ref&gt;McBride, Jessica (November 27, 2019). &quot;Peggy Sheeran, Frank's Daughter: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know&quot;.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210309013630/https://heavy.com/entertainment/2019/11/peggy-sheeran/]&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a fitlhwa kwa Holy Cross Cemetery kwa Yeadon, Pennsylvania.

== Loso lwa ga Hoffa ==
Charles Brandt o kwadile mo bukeng ya I Heard You Paint Houses (2004) gore Sheeran o ne a ipolela gore o bolaile Hoffa. Go ya ka pego ya ga Brandt, Chuckie O'Brien o ne a kgweetsa Sheeran, Hoffa, le modirikaene Salvatore Briguglio go ya kwa ntlong nngwe kwa Metro Detroit. O'Brien le Briguglio ba ne ba tsamaya mme Sheeran le Hoffa ba tsena mo ntlong, koo Sheeran a bolelang gore o ne a thuntsha Hoffa gabedi kwa morago ga tlhogo. Sheeran a re o ne a bolelelwa gore Hoffa o ne a fisiwa fa a sena go bolawa. Sheeran o ne gape a ipolela mo babegadikgang gore o bolaile Hoffa, mmogo le Gallo. Bill Tonelli o ganetsa boammaaruri jwa buka eno mo setlhogong sa Slate, fela jaaka porofesa wa Sekolo sa Harvard sa Molao e bong Jack Goldsmith a dira mo The New York Review of Books. 

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Josy Braun</title>
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      <text bytes="3065" sha1="9kt8zw2wkp21dah5yyfgzsup2kxerpn" xml:space="preserve">Josy (Joseph) Braun (14 Hirikgong 1938 - 4 Phatwe 2012) &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Josy Braun ist tot&quot;. Wort.lu. Retrieved 28 August 2012.[https://web.archive.org/web/20120807075248/http://www.wort.lu/de/view/josy-braun-ist-tot-501d2fc0e4b077a166186a97]&lt;/ref&gt; e ne e le mokwadi wa kwa 

{{Infobox person|name=Josy Braun|image=Josy-Braun--VI07-w.jpg|birth_name=Joseph Braun|birth_date={{birth date|1938|1|14|df=y}}|death_date={{death date and age|2012|8|4|1938|1|14|df=y}}|occupation={{flatlist|
*Writer
*journalist
*translator
}}|nationality=Luxembourgian|spouse=Josée Klinker}}

Luxembourg, mmegadikgang le moranodi yo o neng a kwala thata ka puo ya kwa Luxembourg. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Braun, Josy&quot;, ''Luxemburger Lexikon'', Editions Guy Binsfeld, Luxembourg, 2006. (in German)&lt;/ref&gt;

Braun o ne a kwala metshameko ya bagolo le ya bana, maboko, dipadi le dipolelo tsa bana. Metshameko ya gagwe, e gantsi e buang ka dikgang tsa sepolotiki, e akaretsa D'Kromm an der Heck (1966), Requiem fir e Lompekréimer (1966), Wie bas de Leo? (1976), Hexejuecht (1978). Dibuka tsa gagwe di ile tsa ranolelwa mo Sejeremaneng, Sefora, Seesemane, Sentadiana, Sepotokisi le Se-Russia. O kwadile kgang ya ntlha ya sephiri ka puo ya Se-Luxembourg, Porto fir d'Affekoten (1997).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Luxembourg&quot;, ''Encyclopédie Larousse''. (in French) Retrieved 12 February 2011.[http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/litterature/Luxembourg/174990]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;La littérature&quot; Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Arts et culture au Luxembourg, ''Grand-Duché de Luxembourg''. (in French) Retrieved 12 February [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315081557/http://www.lejeudi.lu/Culture/2562.html 2011]&lt;/ref&gt;Pokello ya hae ya 2010 ya dithothokiso, Billersproochbiller, e bontshitsweng ke mosadi wa hae Josée Klinker, e ile ya fetolelwa ka Sefora, Sejeremane le Senyesemane ka sepheo sa ho atolosa mmadi ho feta baahi ba moo ba Luxembourg. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;La littérature&quot; Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Arts et culture au Luxembourg, ''Grand-Duché de Luxembourg''. (in French) Retrieved 12 February 2011.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kréiwénkel ke padi e e buang ka ditoro, go tlhologelelwa le go kgobega marapo ga baanelwa ba yone, e e bontshang kafa ba fetogang ka teng mo teng le kafa ntle mo lefatsheng le le fetogang. Braun o tlhalosa botshelo jwa mo motseng oo mo ba fetogang ka iketlo mo maemong a bone a mo teng le maitemogelo a semoya. &lt;ref&gt;From Robert Medernach, &quot;Zeitung vum Lëtzebueger Vollek&quot; Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 6 January 1999, ''Centre national de littérature''. Retrieved 13 February 2011.[http://www.cnl.public.lu/fonds_documentaire/recherche/inventaire/b/]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiro ==

* Josée Klincker, Josy Braun: &quot;billersproochbiller&quot;, Gedichter op lëtzebuergesch an däitsch, Editions Le Phare, Esch-sur-Alzette, 2010. 160 pp. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-87964-119-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Josy Braun, &quot;Kréiwénkel&quot;, Echternach, Editions Phi, 1998. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 3-88865-165-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Josy Braun: &quot;Porto fir d'Affekoten&quot;, Echternach, Editions Phi, 1997

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="113" sha1="64roqn7wcut66dnmi82v7rlwhvinuuk" xml:space="preserve">Dumelang! Ke bua Seesemane ka tlholego, o ka mpatla  

[[:En:User:48JCL|En:User:Splains]] 
[[en:User:48JCL|fano]]</text>
      <sha1>64roqn7wcut66dnmi82v7rlwhvinuuk</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>55 Tufton Street</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="29762" sha1="2d38uky1gzcayxrr0nrlpzajugd4e3i" xml:space="preserve">'''55 Tufton Street''' ke ntlo e e nang le matlhatlaganyane a le mane e e agilweng ka nako ya segosi ya kwa Georgia kwa historing ya Tufton 

{{Infobox building|name=55 Tufton Street|image=55 Tufton Street.jpeg|address=55 [[Tufton Street]], [[Westminster]], London SW1P 3QL|coordinates={{coord|51.4963|-0.1282|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}|owner=Richard Smith}}

Street, kwa Westminster, London, e e leng ya rakgwebo Richard Smith. &lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-eurosceptics-climate-change-sceptics-55-tufton-street-westminster-a6866021.html &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;.] ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka bo2010, kago e ne ya nna lefelo la mekgatlho ya go buelela kgololesego le ditlhopha tsa go akanya tse di amanang le go ema nokeng Brexit, go ganetsa saense ya tlelaemete le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa go buelela mafura. &lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (21 July 2021). [https://www.desmog.com/55-tufton-street/ &quot;55 Tufton Street&quot;.] ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Dingwe tsa mekgatlho e e nang le dikamano tse di gaufi le tse di kwa 57 Tufton Street e e bapileng le yone, go akaretsa le Centre for Policy Studies le CapX. &lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (21 July 2021). [https://www.desmog.com/55-tufton-street/ &quot;55 Tufton Street&quot;.] ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Setlhopha sa mekgatlho e e rotloetsang batho e ne ya dirisa kago eo go tshwara dikopano tsa beke le beke go rulaganya melaetsa ya sepolotiki le ya setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016)[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-eurosceptics-climate-change-sceptics-55-tufton-street-westminster-a6866021.html . &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;.] ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, Adam; Geoghegan, Peter (31 July 2018). [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/peter-geoghegan-adam-ramsay/revealed-how-uk-s-powerful-right-wing-think-tanks-and-conse/ &quot;Revealed: how the UK's powerful right-wing think tanks and Conservative MPs work together&quot;.] ''openDemocracy''. Retrieved 7 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Ditlhopha di le robongwe tsa lobby - TaxPayers' Alliance, ofisi ya Peter Whittle (motlatsa moeteledipele wa pele wa UKIP), Civitas, Setheo sa Adam Smith, Leave Means Leave, Global Warming Policy Foundation (setlhopha se segolo sa UK se se ganetsang phetogo ya tlelaemete), BrexitCentral, Setheo sa Dithuto tsa Pholisi le Setheo sa Merero ya Ikonomi - di ne tsa latofadiwa ke modiredi wa pele wa Vote Leave Shahmir Sanni go dirisa dikopano go &quot; dumelana ka setlhopha se le sengwe sa dintlha tsa go bua tsa letlhakore la moja &quot; le &quot; go netefatsa go tlhagelela go feta mo setšhabeng&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Farand, Chloe (23 June 2018)[https://www.desmog.co.uk/2018/07/23/mapped-whistleblower-accuses-nine-organisations-colluding-over-hard-brexit . &quot;Mapped: Whistleblower Accuses Nine Organisations of Colluding over Hard Brexit&quot;]. ''DeSmog UK''. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mokgatlho ono o ne o golagantswe le batlamedi ba bagolo ba madi ba kwa Amerika ba go ganetsa phetogo ya tlelaemete le mabaka a sepolotiki a letlhakore la moja go akaretsa le bakaulengwe ba ga Koch le Robert Mercer, le makoko a a nang le batho ba ba nang le ditshwanelo tse di kwa godimo kwa Yuropa, jaaka Sweden Democrats le Brothers of Italy.&lt;ref&gt;Ahmed, Nafeez (20 June 2019). [https://mondediplo.com/outsidein/brexit-climate-deniers &quot;How US climate deniers are working with far-right racists to hijack Brexit for Big Oil&quot;]. ''Le Monde diplomatique''. Paris.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hope, Mat; Farand, Chloe (7 June 2019). [https://www.desmog.com/2019/06/07/desmog-s-pro-brexit-climate-science-denier-map-user-s-guide/ &quot;DeSmog's Pro-Brexit Climate Science Denier Map — A User's Guide&quot;]. ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 9 June 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go nna mong ==
Kago e e mo diatleng tsa Richard Smith, rakgwebo yo o tsamaisang khampani ya difofane, H.R. Smith Group, le yo e leng motlhokomedi wa Politics and Economics Research Trust e e tlhomilweng ke Matthew Eliott. 

Ke monei yo mogolo wa Conservative Party le go ema Brexit nokeng. Kago e ne ya rekwa ka £4.25 million ka 2009 ke Specmat, khampani e e dirang thekenoloji e e leng ya ga Smith.&lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016)[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-eurosceptics-climate-change-sceptics-55-tufton-street-westminster-a6866021.html . &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;.] ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (21 July 2021). [https://www.desmog.com/55-tufton-street/ &quot;55 Tufton Street&quot;]. ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Banni ==
'''Civitas'''

Civitas ke setlhopha sa baithutatlhaloganyo se se itlhalosang jaaka &quot;kgaolo ya segompieno ya kgololesego&quot; le &quot;se se sa tseyeng letlhakore&quot;. The Times le The Daily Telegraph ba e tlhalositse jaaka &quot;think-tank ya kwa mojeng wa bogare&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181116081639/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gove-allies-say-sixties-mired-ofsted-should-be-scrapped-bw3zd80ncrc &quot;Gove allies say 'Sixties-mired' Ofsted should be scrapped&quot;.] ''The Times''. London. 24 January 2014. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Philip (7 April 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/10749930/A-close-encounter-with-the-property-boom.html &quot;A close encounter with the property boom&quot;.] ''The Daily Telegraph''. London. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;Modulasetilo wa yone ke Alan Rudge. Mosimolodi wa yone e bile e le modulasetulo wa setlhopha sa batlhokomedi, e bong David G. Green,&lt;ref&gt;[http://civitas.org.ukhttps//civitas.org.uk/about-us/ &quot;About Us&quot;.] ''Civitas: Institute for the Study of Civil Society''. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; o kwala gangwe le gape mo The Daily Telegraph mme mothusa molaodi wa yona wa pele, Anastasia de Waal, o ne a nna a tsenya letsogo mo karolong ya &quot;Comment is free&quot; ya The Guardian go fitlha ka 2010&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/profile/anastasiadewaal &quot;Anastasia de Waal&quot;.] ''The Guardian''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.familylives.org.uk/about/our-president-and-trustees &quot;Family Lives&quot;.] ''www.familylives.org.uk''. Retrieved 19 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;The Times e tlhalositse Civitas jaaka mothusi wa Mokwaledi wa pele wa Thuto Michael Gove.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181116081639/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gove-allies-say-sixties-mired-ofsted-should-be-scrapped-bw3zd80ncrc &quot;Gove allies say 'Sixties-mired' Ofsted should be scrapped&quot;.] ''The Times''. London. 24 January 2014. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; E kgatlhanong le melawana e e leng tala, molao o o diretsweng go fokotsa phetogo ya tlelaemete, le go ikaega thata ka maatla a a ntshwafatswang.&lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (1 May 2017). &quot;Brexit Climate Deniers Launch Coordinated Attack Against Green Regulations Ahead of Election&quot;. ''DeSmog UK''. Retrieved 29 July 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.desmog.co.uk/jeremy-nicholson &quot;Jeremy Nicholson&quot;]. ''DeSmog UK''. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;E ne ya tshwaiwa phoso ke Transparify ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa yone tsa &quot;go sa bonale sentle&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (21 July 2021). &quot;55 Tufton Street&quot;. ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''European Foundation'''

European Foundation ke lekgotla la go akanya le le sa dumeleng mo go tsa Yuropa le le kwa United Kingdom. E eteletswe pele ke Bill Cash, yo e leng leloko la Palamente ya Bokomonisi. Mokgatlho ono o gatisa makasine wa European Journal. E ne ya gakololwa ke Matthew Elliott.&lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (21 July 2021)[https://www.desmog.com/55-tufton-street/ . &quot;55 Tufton Street&quot;.] ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;Mongwe wa bakaedi ba yone ke Richard Smith, yo e leng mong wa 55 Tufton Street. Ka nako ya 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, e gatisitse pampiri e e nang le tlhotlheletso e e rotloetsang go belaela ka ga phetogo ya tlelaemete e e bakwang ke batho.&lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-eurosceptics-climate-change-sceptics-55-tufton-street-westminster-a6866021.html &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;.] ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Global Vision'''

Global Vision ke lekoko le le tsayang karolo mo go lwantsheng Yuropa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070722014320/http://global-vision.net/whoarewe.htm &quot;&quot;Who we are&quot; page on the Global Vision website&quot;]. Archived from the original on 22 July 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Ke setlhopha se se ikemetseng, se se sa direng poelo, se se senang dikamano tse di totobetseng le lekoko lepe la sepolotiki.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.global-vision.net/ &quot;Global Vision home page&quot;]. Archived from the original on 22 July 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Setlhopha sa &quot;Parliamentary Friends of Global Vision&quot; se na le Maloko a Palamente a le 24, botlhe ke Ba-Conservatives, Maloko a Palamente ya Yuropa a le mabedi, boobabedi ke Ba-Conservatives, le balekane ba ba emetseng ba le 17, ba lesome ba bone ke Ba-Conservative, ba le barataro ke ba-cross-benchers, mme a le mongwe ke Modiri yo o ikemetseng. Mosimolodi le mokaedi wa yone ke Ruth Lea. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;&quot;Parliamentary Friends&quot; page on the Global Vision website&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Global Warming Policy Foundation''' 

Global Warming Policy Foundation ke lekoko le le rotloetsang batho go nna le seabe mo mererong ya lefatshe lotlhe kwa United Kingdom le maikaelelo a lone e leng go gwetlha &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.global-vision.net/ &quot;Global Vision home page]&quot;. Archived from the original on 22 July 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;dithulaganyo tse di kotsi le tse di senyang&quot; tse di akantsweng ke dipuso go fokotsa go gotela ga lefatshe go go bakiwang ke batho. Mosimolodi wa yone ke Nigel Lawson mme modulasetilo wa yone ke Alan Rudge. GWPF mmogo le maloko mangwe a yone a a itsegeng a ile a tlhalosiwa jaaka a a rotloetsang go ganetsa phetogo ya tlelaemete. &lt;ref&gt;Johnston, Ian (11 May 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140511082724/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/nigel-lawsons-climatechange-denial-charity-intimidated-environmental-expert-9350069.html &quot;Nigel Lawson's climate-change denial charity 'intimidated' environmental expert&quot;.] ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Wherry, Frederick F.; Schor, Juliet B. (2015). ''The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society''. Sage Publications. p. 1020. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-5063-4617-5&lt;/bdi&gt;. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 2 September 2020&lt;/ref&gt;Ka 2014, fa Khomišene ya Bontshakuno e ne ya atlhola gore GWPF e tlotse melao ya go se tseye letlhakore, mokgatlho o o sa direng bontshakuno o o bidiwang &quot;Global Warming Policy Forum&quot; o ne wa tlhamiwa jaaka setlamo se se leng ka botlalo, go dira bontshakuno jo bontshakuno bo neng bo sa kgone go bo dira. Webosaete ya GWPF e na le ditlhogo di le dintsi tse di &quot;sa dumeleng&quot; mo dipatlisisong tsa saense tsa go gotela ga lefatshe le ditlamorago tsa teng

'''LGB Alliance''' 

ke setlhopha sa kwa Boritane se se ikemetseng se se tlhomilweng ka 2019, se se ganetsanang le dipholisi tsa mokgatlho wa ditshwanelo tsa LGBT Stonewall mo mererong ya batho ba bong bo sele.&lt;ref&gt;Hurst, Greg (24 October 2019). [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/transgender-dispute-splits-stonewall-535v3qnb0 &quot;Transgender dispute splits Stonewall&quot;]. ''The Times''. London. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; E ne e na le ofisi kwa Lontone kwa 55 Tufton Street.&lt;ref&gt;[https://lgballiance.org.uk/contact/ &quot;Organisation website&quot;.] ''LGB Alliance''. 6 April 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chuddy, Emily (19 December 2022)[https://www.thepinknews.com/2022/12/19/lgb-alliance-address-55-tufton-street/ . &quot;LGB Alliance's London address leaked as 55 Tufton Street, home of notorious right-wing groups&quot;.] ''PinkNews''.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Migration Watch UK'''

ke lekgotla la go akanya la kwa Boritane &lt;ref&gt;Reland, Joël (16 August 2019). &quot;How many refugees does the UK take in?&quot;. Full Fact. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Reality Check: Could 250,000 refugees come to the UK from 2020?&quot;. ''BBC News''. 3 June 2016. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Malnick, Edward (11 March 2018)[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/03/11/migrants-claim-4bn-year-benefits-new-report-claims/ . &quot;Migrants claim £4bn a year in benefits, new report claims&quot;.] ''The Daily Telegraph''. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wintour, Patrick; Mason, Rowena (21 October 2014). [[&quot;David Cameron 'Ukip desperation' over MigrationWhttps://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/21/david-cameron-ukip-desperation-migrationwatch-uk-founder-peerageatch UK founder's peerage&quot;.|&quot;David Cameron 'Ukip desperation' over MigrationWatch UK founder's peerage&quot;.]] ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;le mokgatlho wa phasalatso &lt;ref&gt;Swinford, Steven (22 January 2020). [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boris-johnson-lifts-30k-wage-barrier-on-immigrants-ghzvkx68r &quot;Boris Johnson lifts £30k wage barrier on immigrants]&quot;. ''The Times''. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hymas, Charles (28 January 2020)[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/01/28/boris-johnson-should-reduce-salary-threshold-25600-migrants/ . &quot;Ousted adviser dismissed Australian points-based immigration as 'soundbite'&quot;]. ''The Daily Telegraph''. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-49644990 &quot;News Daily: Student visa rules change and Labour on Brexit&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 11 September 2019. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Worrall, Patrick (27 May 2016)[https://www.channel4.com/news/factcheck/factcheck-eu-immigration . &quot;FactCheck: everything you need to know about EU immigration&quot;.] ''Channel 4 News''. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Smith, Hayden (13 February 2019). [https://www.independent.ie/business/brexit/migration-into-uk-could-rise-after-brexit-new-report-37811073.html &quot;Migration into UK could rise after Brexit - new report&quot;]. ''Irish Independent''. Dublin. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;o o buelelang go fokotsega ga bofaladi mo United Kingdom. &lt;ref&gt;Milliken, David (24 May 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-immigration-idUSKCN1SU0S1 &quot;UK immigration falls to five-year low as influx of EU workers slows&quot; –] via uk.reuters.com.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ford, Richard (28 January 2020)[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/johnsons-points-based-immigration-pledge-dismissed-as-soundbite-by-government-advisory-committee-mcxsm9cmh . &quot;Johnson's points-based immigration pledge dismissed as 'soundbite'&quot;.] ''The Times''. London. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Immigration to Britain hits five-year low ahead of Brexit&quot;. ''Al Jazeera''. 22 August 2019. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;Setlhopha se se tlhomilweng ka 2001, se dumela gore khudugo ya boditšhabatšhaba e baya tlhokego e e feteletseng mo metsweding e e lekanyeditsweng le gore selekanyo sa jaanong sa khudugo ga se a tsweletswa.&lt;ref&gt;Ford, Richard (23 August 2018)[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/migration-linked-to-82-of-growth-in-the-population-t8tr99f6v . &quot;Migration linked to 82% of growth in the population&quot;.] ''The Times''. London. Retrieved 14 January 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-51278298 &quot;Migrant salary threshold fall 'would boost public sector'&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 28 January 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

'''New Culture Forum'''

New Culture Forum (NCF) ke lekgotla la go akanya la letsogo la moja, le le tlhomilweng le go kaelwa ke leloko la Kopano ya UKIP Peter Whittle, a gakololwa ke Matthew Elliott, &lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (21 July 2021). [https://www.desmog.com/55-tufton-street/ &quot;55 Tufton Street&quot;]. ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 25 November 2021&lt;/ref&gt;yo thomo ya gagwe e tlhalosiwang jaaka &quot;go gwetlha ditlwaelo tsa setso tse di leng teng mo metsweding ya dikgang, mo thutong, mo thutong le mo setsong sa Boritane ka tsela e e anameng&quot;. Dibui kwa ditiragalong tsa NCF, go akaretsa le mo puong ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya Smith Lecture, di akareditse Martin Amis, Dame Vivien Westwood, MPs Jeremy Hunt, Michael Gove le Ed Vaizey, Nigel Farage, Justin Webb, Sir Anthony Seldon, Petroc Trelawny, Melanie Phillips, le Brendan O'Neill. Bakwadi ba New Culture Forum ba akareditse Douglas Murray, Julie Bindel le Ed West.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.newcultureforum.org.uk/ &quot;New Culture Forum&quot;]. Retrieved 30 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

TaxPayers' Alliance (TPA) ke lekoko la kgatelelo le le kwa letlhakoreng la moja kwa United Kingdom le le tlhomilweng ke Matthew Elliott&lt;ref&gt;Cadwalladr, Carole (21 July 2018[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/21/shahmir-sanni-nobody-was-called-to-account-but-i-lost-almost-everything ). &quot;Shahmir Sanni: 'Nobody was called to account. But I lost almost everything']&quot;. ''The Observer''. London. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ka 2004 go dira letsholo la setšhaba se se duelang lekgetho le le kwa tlase. Setlhopha seno se ne se na le balatedi ba ba kwadisitsweng ba ka nna 18 000 go tloga ka 2008;&lt;ref&gt;Wheeler, Brian (3 March 2008). &quot;The campaign group: Taxpayers' Alliance&quot;. BBC Online. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181207181558/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7241315.stm Archived] from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 10 May 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;se begile gore go na le balatedi ba le 55 000 ka Lwetse 2010.&lt;ref&gt;Booth, Robert (9 September 2010)[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/09/tea-party-britain-us-tax . &quot;A very British Tea Party: US anti-tax activists advise UK counterparts&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 31 August 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2017 le 2022, bobedi TPA le Civitas ba ne ba fiwa maemo a a kwa tlase go gaisa a a kgonegang a go nna mo pepeneneng ka tsa ditšhelete ke Who Funds You?, porojeke ya kwa Boritane e e lekanyetsang le go rotloetsa pepeneneng ya metswedi ya matlole ya dibanka tse di akanyang. &lt;ref&gt;Moshinsky, Ben (4 July 2017)[[. &quot;RANKED: The UK's think tanks, from most to least transparent&quot;. Business Insider|. &quot;RANKED: The UK's think tanks, from most to least transparent&quot;. ''Business Insider'']]. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Mureithi, Anita (17 November 2022). [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/dark-money-investigations/think-tanks-transparency-funding-who-funds-you/ &quot;Revealed: UK's most secretive think tanks bank £14.3m in mystery cash]&quot;. ''openDemocracy''. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/who-funds-you/ &quot;Who Funds You?&quot;]. ''openDemocracy''. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 3 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;TPA e na le dikgolagano tse di gaufi le go kopana ga badiri le ditanka tse dingwe tsa go akanya tsa Eurosceptic tse di nang le 55 Tufton Street.&lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, Adam; Geoghegan, Peter (31 July 2018)[https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/peter-geoghegan-adam-ramsay/revealed-how-uk-s-powerful-right-wing-think-tanks-and-conse/ . &quot;Revealed: how the UK's powerful right-wing think tanks and Conservative MPs work together&quot;.] ''openDemocracy''. Retrieved 7 October 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cadwalladr, Carole (21 July 2018). [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jul/21/shahmir-sanni-nobody-was-called-to-account-but-i-lost-almost-everything &quot;Shahmir Sanni: 'Nobody was called to account. But I lost almost everything']&quot;. ''The Observer''. London. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Banni ba pele ==
'''Big Brother Watch''' 

ke mokgatlho o o lwelang ditshwanelo tsa botho le go sireletsa tshedimosetso ya botho, o o tlhomilweng ke Matthew Elliot ka 2009. Aterese ya khamphane e e kwadisitsweng e ne e le 55 Tufton Street go fitlha ka Motsheganong 2019&lt;ref&gt;[https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06982557 &quot;BIG BROTHER WATCH LIMITED&quot;.] ''find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk''. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Cunliffe, Rachel (19 April 2021). [https://www.newstatesman.com/science-tech/2021/04/big-brother-watch-s-silkie-carlo-rule-law-has-broken-down &quot;Big Brother Watch's Silkie Carlo: &quot;The rule of law has broken down&quot;&quot;. ''New Statesman'']. London. Archived from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2023&lt;/ref&gt; 

'''Dikgwebo tsa Britain''' 

e ne e le lekoko le le neng le le kgatlhanong le Yuropa le le neng le batla gore go buisanwe gape ka dikamano magareng ga United Kingdom le European Union. Letsholo leno le ne la tlhomiwa ka Moranang 2013 ke baeteledipele ba dikgwebo ba le 500, go akaretsa Matthew Elliott, Phones 4u co-founder John Caudwell le Modulasetulo wa pele wa Marks &amp; Spencer Stuart Rose.&lt;ref&gt;Ben Marlow (8 November 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/11218833/Business-leaders-demand-cross-party-pledge-on-EU-vote.html &quot;Business leaders demand cross-party pledge on EU vote&quot;. ''The Daily Telegraph''.] London. Archived from the original on 15 May 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Setlhopha se se gatisitse patlisiso e e sa sekasekiwang le e e tsietsang mo rekotong ya go bouta ya United Kingdom mo Palamenteng ya Yuropa ka 2014, e e bidiwang Go lekanya tlhotlheletso ya Borithane mo Khanseleng ya Ditona.&lt;ref&gt;O'Leary, Joseph (22 June 2016). &quot;How often does the EU overrule British ministers?&quot;. ''fullfact.org''. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Diphalane 2015, Business for Britain Board e ne ya swetsa go tshegetsa Vote Leave Campaign&lt;ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&quot;Business for Britain's Support For Vote Leave&quot;. ''Business for Britain''. Retrieved 21 December 2015.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;(go fitlha ka 7 Diphalane 2015).&lt;ref&gt;[https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/08411261/filing-history &quot;BUSINESS FOR BRITAIN LIMITED – Filing history (free information from Companies House)&quot;.] ''beta.companieshouse.gov.uk''. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;E ne ya tswalwa ka Lwetse 2016.

== Go jesa Britain ==
ke mokgatlho o o tlhomilweng ka Diphalane 2015 go diragatsa dikatlanegiso tse di dirilweng ke All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) ka ga Tlala le Khumanego ya Dijo. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/EPoverty/UnitedKingdom/2018/NGOS/FeedingBritain.pdf &quot;Letter from Feeding Britain&quot;] (PDF). ''ohchr.org''. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024&lt;/ref&gt;Setlhopha ga se sa tlhole se kwadisitswe kwa 55 Tufton Street.&lt;ref&gt;[https://feedingbritain.org/about-us/ &quot;Feeding Britain: About Us&quot;.] ''Feeding Britain''. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leave Means Leave ==
Means Leave e ne e le pro-Brexit,&lt;ref&gt;Smith, Adam (26 November 2017)[http://metro.co.uk/2017/11/26/iain-duncan-smith-backs-report-calling-for-drastic-reduction-in-immigration-7108943/ . &quot;Iain Duncan Smith backs report calling for 'drastic reduction' in immigration&quot;.] ''Metro''. Archived from the original on 4 September 2024. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Eurosceptic political pressure group organization e e neng e dira letsholo le go rotloetsa&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ireland seeks momentum on border ahead of key Brexit meeting&quot;. Associated Press. 3 December 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; gore United Kingdom e tswe mo European Union morago ga &quot;Leave&quot; ka ntlha ya referandamo ya EU ka 23 Seetebosigo 2016. Letsholo leno le ne le eteletswe pele ke rakgwebo wa kwa Boritane wa tsa dikago e bong Richard Tice le mogakolodi wa tsa kgwebo e bong John Longworth. Motlatsamodulasetilo e ne e le moeteledipele wa Brexit Party, Nigel Farage. E ne ya emisa go dira ka 31 Ferikgong 2020, fa UK e ne e tlogela EU; webosaete ya yone e ne ya bolela gore e &quot; fitlheletse maikaelelo a yone&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (21 July 2021). &quot;55 Tufton Street&quot;. ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== UK2020 ==
ke moagi wa maloba wa moago oo, mokgatlho o o ikemetseng ka fa letlhakoreng la moja o o tlhomilweng ke Owen Paterson ka 2014 mme o tshwantshanngwa le mokgatlho wa US wa Tea Party. E ne ya re go tshwanetse ga nna le &quot;mokgwa o o nonofileng wa go dirisa maatla o o tla rotloetsang mmaraka gore o dirise thekenoloji e e sa jeng madi a mantsi go fokotsa digase tse di kgotlelang&quot;, tse di jaaka gase ya shale le didirisiwa tse dinnye tsa nuklea. Gape e ne ya dira letsholo kgatlhanong le melao e e amanang le go fetoga ga tlelaemete le dithuso mo lephateng la maatla. Matt Ridley wa GWPF e ne e le mogakolodi wa pholisi mme Tim Montgomerie e ne e le mogakolodi wa sepolotiki.&lt;ref&gt;Mandel, Kyla (21 July 2021). [https://www.desmog.com/55-tufton-street/ &quot;55 Tufton Street&quot;.] ''DeSmog''. Retrieved 25 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Vote Leave ==
Vote Leave e ne e le lekoko la semmuso le le neng le le kgatlhanong le Brexit ka nako ya Referendum ya 2016, le le neng le le kwa 55 Tufton Street pele ga le fudugela kwa dikagong tse dikgolo. Maloko a ne a akaretsa modulasetilo wa yone e bong Nigel Lawson, motsamaisimogolo wa yone e bong Matthew Elliott, Graham Stringer, Andrea Leadsom, Boris Johnson le Michael Gove. &lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016). &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;. ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2016, Bob Ward, motsamaisi wa leano kwa London School of Economics' Grantham Institute, o ne a bolelela The Independent jaana: 

&quot;Setlhopha seno se se tlhagafetseng sa batho ba ba ratang dikgopolo tse di sa siamang se leka go tsenya dikgopolo tsa sone tse di feteletseng mo dipolotiking tsa puso. Go mo pepeneneng gore ba itumelela go tsena mo dikarolong dingwe tsa puso mme, fa go akanngwa ka bogolo jwa bone jo bonnye, ba na le seabe se se sa lekalekaneng ... [se] se koafatsang thulaganyo ya temokerasi.&lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016). &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;. ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ka 2018, Carole Cadwalladr wa The Observer o tlhalositse 55 Tufton Street jaaka lefelo la &quot;network ya mekgatlho e e sa bonaleng sentle e e nang le madi e e ikaegileng ka Matthew Eliott&quot;, mme a nopola modiri wa pele wa mekgatlho eno yo o neng a ba tlhalosa jaaka ba ba latelelang &quot;dikgoro tse di farologaneng tsa maikaelelo a a tshwanang a sepolotiki. Nngwe ya tsone ke go tswa ga UK mo EU&quot;.The Independent e e tlhalositse e le &quot;lefelo la go belaela Yuropa le phetogo ya tlelaemete, mo maina a a tshwanang a tswelelang go tlhagelela&quot;, mme a bitsa radipolotiki wa Conservative Party Nigel Lawson jaaka motho wa botlhokwa. &lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016). &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;. ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshupetso ==
Ka Lwetse 2020, setlhopha sa Extinction Rebellion sa Writers Rebel se ne sa dira ditshupetso kwa ntle ga kago go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le tlhotlheletso e ditlhopha tsa lobby le di-think tank di nang le yone mo pholising ya puso. Mogale wa go lwela tikologo George Monbiot o ne a bitsa ditheo tsa Tufton tsa go akanya ka maano a tsona a go gana le go tlhakanya tlhogo ka saense ya tlelaemete e e emeng fa pele ga 55 Tufton Street  'pelo ya bone ya lefifi'. Morago ga go wela tlase ga mebaraka ya madi morago ga maano a ikonomi a a begilweng ke Tonakgolo Liz Truss ka Lwetse 2022, setlhopha sa phutuho ya sepolotiki Led By Donkeys se ne sa baya letlapa le legolo le le pududu kwa 55 Tufton Street, le le reng &quot;Ikonomi ya UK e ne ya phutlhama fa&quot;. Mo bidiong ya bone ba ne ba re ditheo tse di akanyang tse di leng fano ke tsone tse di dirileng gore go nne le dipholisi tse di paletsweng.&lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016). &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;. ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya Diphalane ka ngwaga wa 2022, bathekgi ba Just Stop Oil ba ne ba kgatsha pente kwa pele ga kago go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le ditiro tsa setlhopha se se ganetsang phetogo ya tlelaemete sa Global Warming Policy Foundation le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa mafatshe tse di ikaegileng mo kagong.&lt;ref&gt;Bawden, Tom (10 February 2016). &quot;The address where Eurosceptics and climate change sceptics rub shoulders&quot;. ''The Independent''. London. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Abiola Ajimobi</title>
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'''Isiaka Abiola Adeyemi Ajimobi'''  (16 Sedimonthole 1949 – 25 Seetebosigo 2020) e ne e le radipolotiki wa Nigeria yo o neng a direla jaaka mmusi wa puso ya Oyo go tloga ka 2011 go fitlha ka 2019, e ne e le motho wa ntlha go tlhophiwa mo ofising eno gabedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20151017020103/https://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/yoruba-leaders-threaten-secession-if-falae-s-abductors-are-not-arrested/222325/ &quot;Yoruba Leaders Threaten Secession If Falae's Abductors are Not Arrested&quot;]. ''[[:en:This_Day|This Day]]''. Archived from [https://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/yoruba-leaders-threaten-secession-if-falae-s-abductors-are-not-arrested/222325/ the original] on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt;

Pele e ne e le Mokaedi Mokaedi/Motsamaisi mogolo wa Kompone ya [[national oil]] le [[chemical marketing]], e leng setlamo se se potlana sa [[:en:Shell_Nigeria|Shell Petroleum, kwa Nigeria]]. O tlogetse lekala la oil ka 2002 morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le borataro tsa tirelo e e nang le bokgoni mme a tlhophiwa ka 2003 jaaka [[Senator]] wa [[Republic]] ya Nigeria a emetse Kgaolo ya Senator ya Oyo Borwa mo seraleng sa [[:en:Alliance_for_Democracy_(Nigeria)|Alliance for democracy]](AD). Morago ga paka e le nngwe mo senateng, o ne a gaisana ka 2007 go nna mo setilong sa  mmuso wa  Oyo ka fa tlase ga folaga ya [[:en:All_Nigeria_Peoples_Party|All Nigeria People's Party]], e leng kgaisano e a neng a e latlhegelwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027023025/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22995/1/Tinubu-reconciles-Lam-Adesina-Ajimobi/Page1.html &quot;Tinubu reconciles Lam Adesina, Ajimobi&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Nation_(Nigeria)|The Nation]]''. 24 October 2009. Archived from [https://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22995/1/Tinubu-reconciles-Lam-Adesina-Ajimobi/Page1.html the original] on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a gaisana gape mo ditlhophong tsa go nna mmusi ka  Moranang 2011 ka fa tlase ga [[:en:Action_Congress_of_Nigeria|Action Congress ya Nigeria]] mme a tlhophiwa go nna Mmusi wa  Oyo mo ditlhophong tse di neng di gaisana thata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110429224704/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=15711 &quot;Victory At Last! As Ajimobi Beats Akala In Oyo State&quot;]. ''[[:en:Osun_Defender|Osun Defender]]''. 27 April 2011. Archived from [https://osundefender.org/?p=15711 the original] on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2019, o ne a latelelwa ke [[:en:Seyi_Makinde|Engr. Oluwaseyi Makinde]]. Fa a sena go tlogela tiro, o ne a gaisana le setulo sa [[:en:Senate_of_Nigeria|Senate]] sa kgaolo ya gagwe ya bosenate mme a latlhegelwa. Ka Seetebosigo 2020, go ne ga tlhomamisiwa gore o ne a na le [[:en:COVID-19|COVID-19]] mme ga itsisiwe gore o tlhokafetse ka Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le botlhano.

== Botshelo jwa bogologolo ==
{{Infobox officeholder|name=Abiola Ajimobi|office=[[Mmusi wa kgaolo ya Oyo]]|image=Abiola Ajimobi.jpg|deputy=Moses Alake Adeyemo|predecessor=[[Adebayo Alao-Akala]]|successor=[[Seyi Makinde]]|termstart=29 Motsheganong 2007|termend=29 Motsheganong 2019|party=[[All Progressives Congress]] (2013–2020)|office1=[[Senate ya Nigeria|Senator]] ya [[Mmmuso wa Oyo|Oyo Borwa]]|predecessor1=Peter Olawuyi|birth_date=16 Sedimonthole 1949|birth_place=Oja'ba, [[Ibadan]], Kgaolo ya Borwa, [[Nigeria ya Bokoloniale|Nigeria ya Borithane]] (jaanong e mo [[mmuso wa Oyo]], Nigeria)|death_date=25 Seetebosigo 2020(dingwaga 70)|death_place=[[Ikoyi]], [[Lagos]], Nigeria|otherparty=[[Action Congress of Nigeria]] (pele ga 2013)|spouse={{marriage|Florence Ajimobi|1980}}|children=5|alma_mater=[[Mmadikolo wa mmuso wa New York]]&lt;br&gt;[[mmadikolo wa mmuso wa Balaodi]]|occupation=Mopolotiki|website={{url|http://www.abiolaajimobi.org/}}|termend1=5 Seetebosigo 2007|termstart1=3 Seetebosigo 2003|successor1=[[Kamorudeen Adekunle Adedibu]]|birthname=Isiaka Abiola Adeyemi Ajimobi}}

O tshotswe ka la bo 16 Sedimonthole 1949 mo lelapeng la ga Ajimobi la Ibadan kwa Oja-Iba, kwa Ibadan. Mmuso wa Oyo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thecable.ng/obituary-ajimobi-the-constituted-authority-who-wanted-to-die-at-70/ &quot;OBITUARY: Ajimobi, the 'constituted authority' who wanted to die at 70&quot;]. ''[[:en:TheCable|TheCable]]''. 25 June 2020. Retrieved2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt; O simolotse dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Sekolong se se Potlana sa Saint Patricks, kwa Oke-Padre kwa Ibadan. O weditse dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Sekolong se se Potlana sa Lekgotla la Toropo ya Ibadan, kwa Aperin. Dihuto tsa gagwe tsa sekolo se segolwane e ne e le kwa Sekolong sa Thutapuo sa Lagelu.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110430052504/https://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/-senator-abiola-ajimobi-i-avoid-ladies-because-i-m-happily-married/76454/ &quot;Senator Abiola Ajimobi- I avoid ladies because I'm happily married&quot;]. ''This Day''. 16 October 2010. Archived from [https://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/-senator-abiola-ajimobi-i-avoid-ladies-because-i-m-happily-married/76454/ the original] on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ajimobi o tsene sekolo kwa mmadikolo  kwa [[:en:United_States_of_America|United States of America]], kwa a neng a ithuta Tsamaiso ya Kgwebo le Matlole gone kwa [[:en:State_University_of_New_York|Mmadikolo wa lefatshe la  New York, kwa Buffalo]], New York a aloga ka degree ya Bachelor ya maranyane. MBA ya gagwe e ne e le ya Patlisiso ya Ditiro le Papatso e e neng e le mo go tsa Madi kwa [[:en:Governors_State_University|Mmadikolo ya Governors State]], kwa [[:en:University_Park,_Illinois|mmadikolo wa Park, kwa Illinois]].&lt;ref&gt;Adesina, Funlola. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170118053456/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=15548 &quot;Biography of Senator Abiola Ajimobi&quot;]. ''osundefender.org''. Archived from [https://osundefender.org/?p=15548 the original] on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 2025-03-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya sepolotiki ==
Ka 2003, Abiola Adeyemi Ajimobi o ne a nna Senator  wa Republic ya Nigeria. Ajimobi e ne e le moemedi yo mogolo mo Senateng, a direla jaaka Motlatsa moeteledipele wa Minority wa Senate. Ka 2007, Ajimobi o ne a tsenela ditlhopho tsa go nna mmusi ka fa tlase ga [[:en:All_Nigeria_Peoples_Party|All Nigeria people`s party]] ba  mme a fenngwa. Ajimobi o ne a gaisana gape ka 2011 ka fa tlase ga [[:en:Action_Congress_of_Nigeria|Action Congree of Nigeria]]  mme a fenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

O itsewe  e le Mogapi wa [[:en:Oyo_State|mmuso Oyo]] wa sesha wa  sesha ,Ajimobi  o ne a tsenelela ditlhopho tsaa puso ya bobedi ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe ka ngwga wa 2015 ka fa tlase ga [[:en:All_Progressives_Congress|All Progressivse Congress]] mme a fenya. Fa a ka tlhophiwa gape go nna Mmusi, Ajimobi o ne a nna motho wa ntlha go nna mo setulong seno gabedi le ka tatelano.&lt;ref&gt;Babalola, Ademola (13 April 2015). [https://allafrica.com/stories/201504132410.html &quot;Nigeria: At Last, Ajimobi Breaks 2nd Term Jinx in Oyo&quot;]. ''This Day''. Retrieved 2025-03-11 – via [https://allafrica.com/stories/201504132410.html allAfrica].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150129173050/https://punchng.com/online-crew-diary/meet-your-2015-governorship-candidates-oyo/ &quot;Meet your 2015 governorship candidates&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Punch|The Punch]]''. Archived from [https://punchng.com/online-crew-diary/meet-your-2015-governorship-candidates-oyo the original] on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a itsisiwe jaaka mofenyi wa ditlhopho tsa bobusi jwa Oyo State ke [[:en:Independent_National_Electoral_Commission_(Nigeria)|Independent National Electroral Commission]][https://web.archive.org/web/20150418163456/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=115122 .]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150418163456/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=115122 &quot;Ajimobi Receives Certificate of Return&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Sun_(Nigeria)|The Sun]]''. Archived from [https://thesun.ng/new-007-mission-for-jaguar-land-rover/?p%3D115122 the original] on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt;

Ajimobi o ne a tlhophiwa go nna ntlhopheng wa ntlha wa All Progressivse Congress Oyo Borwa ka la   Lwetse e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa  2018. O ne a fenngwa ke Kola Balogun wa Peoples Demogratic Party mo [[:en:2019_Nigerian_Senate_elections_in_Oyo_State|ditlhophong tsa 2019 tsa senate]] .&lt;ref&gt;Hanafi, Afeez (25 February 2019). [https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/06/16/apc-nwc-appoints-ajimobi-as-acting-national-chairman/ &quot;Ajimobi loses Senatorial election to PDP&quot;]. ''The Punch''. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka di 16 Seetebosigo 2020, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna modulasetulo wa bosetšhaba wa namane o sa tshwere wa All Progressivse Congress (APC) ke Komiti ya Bosetšhaba ya Tiro (NWC) ya lekoko.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/06/16/apc-nwc-appoints-ajimobi-as-acting-national-chairman/ &quot;APC NWC Appoints Ajimobi as Acting National Chairman&quot;]. ''This Day''. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Abuh, Adamu (17 June 2020). [https://guardian.ng/news/apc-names-ajimobi-as-acting-national-chairman/ &quot;APC names Ajimobi as acting national chairman&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian_(Nigeria)|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa motho le loso ==
Ka 1980, Ajimobi o ne a nyala Florence Ajimobi; ba ne ba na le bana ba le batlhano.

Ka di 19 Seetebosigo 2020, Ajimobi o ne a amogelwa kwa Bookelong jwa Ntlha jwa Ngaka ya Pelo le Bagakolodi ba Pelo  kwa Lagos morago ga go relela mo [[:en:Coma|gare  ga botshelo le leso]]  morago ga mathata a [[:en:COVID-19|COVID-19]] ka nako ya [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria|leroborobo la COVID-19 kwa Nigeria]]. O ne a bolelwa fa a tlhokafetse ka di 25 Seetebosigo 2020.&lt;ref&gt;King, Isaac (25 June 2020). [https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53170564 &quot;Ajimobi burial: Senator Abiola Ajimob, Oyo ex-Govnor die for coronavirus complications - See wetin we sabi about im death &amp; burial&quot;]. [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]. Retrieved 2025-03-11&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Karolo:Mafatshe a Aforika]]
[[Karolo:Matsalo a 1949]]
[[Karolo:Dintsho tsa 2020]]
[[Karolo:Babusi ba mmuso wa Oyo]]
[[Karolo:Baithuti ba nako e e fetileng ba Mmadikolo kwa Buffalo]]
[[Karolo:Mapolotiki go tswa kwa Ibadan]]
[[Karolo:Baithuti ba nako e e fetileng ba Mmadikolo wa Puso]]
[[Karolo:Batswakwa ba Nigeria kwa United States]]
[[Karolo:Mamoseleme a Nigeria]]
[[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Yoruba]]
[[Karolo:Bakaedi ba dikompone tsa kwa Nigeria]]
[[Karolo:Bagwebi ba oruba]]
[[Karolo:Dintsho tse di bakiwang ke leroborobo la COVID-19 kwa Nigeria]]
[[Karolo:Baithuti ba nako e e fetileng ba Sekolo sa Thutapuo sa Lagelu]]
[[Karolo:Basenate ba Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya bo tlhano (Nigeria)]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3468" sha1="g41mck2esyyl4jdnyz4coskgj00a1au" xml:space="preserve">'''Foramo ya Yuropa''' ya Tshireletsego ya Ditoropo (Efus) ke mokgatlho o e seng wa puso o o tlhomilweng ka 1987 kwa Barcelona ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya Lekgotla la Yuropa o o tshegetsang mafaratlhatlha a balaodi ba selegae ba Yuropa ba ba fetang 250 mo dinageng di le 16.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241206220638/http://efus-network.eu/efus/en/about-us/about-efus/public/1450/ &quot;European Forum for Urban Security - Who we are |&quot;.] Retrieved August 1, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dino ==
Efus e ikaeletse go:&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201229045016/https://efus.eu/en/policies/international/united-nations-un/efus/7284/ &quot;The work of Efus presented at the regional conference of the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development |&quot;]. ''efus.eu''. Retrieved 2015-07-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Buelela pono e e lekalekanang ya tshireletsego ka thibelo ya bosenyi, tshwaragano ya loago le dikiletso

Matlafatsa dipholisi tsa thibelo ya bosenyi

Go rotloetsa seabe sa bothati jwa selegae mo maemong a bosetšhaba le a Yuropa

== Mekgatlho le Dikopano ==
Efus e dira le bontsi jwa dinaga di le 27 tse e leng maloko a Kopano ya Yuropa mme e na le boemo jwa go buisana mo lephateng la thibelo ya bokebekwa mo teng ga Ditšhabakopano, Lekgotla la Yuropa le Khomišene ya Yuropa. Ke leloko la Foramo ya Setšhaba sa Baagi ka ga Diokobatsi. E thusa ka tiro e e dirwang ke Neteweke ya Thibelo ya Bokebekwa ya Kopano ya Yuropa.

Efus ke leloko le le simolotseng le Mokwaledi wa Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Thibelo ya Bokebekwa. Gape ke Motlatsamoporesidente wa Kgaolo wa Neteweke ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Ditoropo tse di Babalesegileng, e e eteletsweng pele ke UN Habitat, e e emetseng Yuropa.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;European Forum for Urban Security - Our partners |&quot;. Retrieved August 1, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka 1998, Efus o ne a newa sekgele sa tlotlo ke Lenaneo la Mafelo a Ditšhabakopano la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng.

Mo dikontinenteng tse dingwe, Efus e tshegetsa tlhabololo ya diforamo tsa Aforika le Latin America.

== Komitikhuduthamaga ya Efus ==
Foramo ya Yuropa e eteletswe pele ke Komiti ya Khuduthamaga ya ditoropo di le 33,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210412060332/https://efus.eu/en/executive-committee/%ACtivity%25/15369/ &quot;European Forum for Urban Security - Members of the 2019 Executive Committee |&quot;.] Retrieved August 1, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; e e tlhophiwang ngwaga le ngwaga ke ditoropo tse di leng maloko a Foramo, e e okametsweng ke Willy Demeyer, Ratoropo wa Liege, mme motlatsa-mokaedi wa yone o okametswe ke ditoropo tsa Amiens (FR), Rotterdam (NL), Stuttgart (DE) le Generalitat de Ca).

== Diforamo tsa Bosetšhaba ==
Diforamo tsa Bosetšhaba di ne tsa tlhamiwa kwa Belgium, Fora, Jeremane, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal le Spain.

== Botokololo ==
Foramo ya Yuropa e rulaganyetsa maloko a yone diporojeke tsa kananyo tse di tshegediwang ka matlole ke EU, mananeo a katiso le dithomo tsa thuso ya setegeniki, mme e ba thusa go fitlhelela matlole a EU. Go ikaegilwe ka molawana wa “ditoropo di thusa ditoropo”, maloko a Efus a abelana le go bapisa maitemogelo le boitseanape jwa bone gore ba kgone go nonotsha dipholisi tsa bone tsa tshireletsego tsa selegae le go nna le seabe mo go tlhabololeng dipholisi tsa thibelo ya bosenyi tsa Yuropa. Efus e emela maloko a yona mo maemong a a farologaneng a puso gore e kgone go buelela melawana e e e sireletsang le go tswala phatlha magareng ga baagi, balaodi ba selegae le batlhami ba dipholisi ba bosetšhaba le ba Yuropa.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>International Business Law Consortium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2139" sha1="1d0qabgkkg03bvnn0ox1pmous1kfrnl" xml:space="preserve">'''Kgwebo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Molao wa Kgwebo''' (IBLC) e itlhalosa jaaka setlhopha sa difeme tsa molao tse di ikemetseng, bagakolodi ba lekgetho le boruni le baitseanape ba ba amanang le bone ba ba tlhagolelang kitso ya semolao ya dinaga di sele go rotloetsa ditirelo tsa seporofešenale tse di nang le matswela le tse di nang le matswela le go kaela dikgwebo mo setšhabeng sa lefatshe lotlhe.&lt;ref&gt;http://iblc.com/ accessed 20 May 2014, 16:15 CEST&lt;/ref&gt;

IBLC e tlhomilwe ka 1996&lt;ref&gt;Yearbook of the Union of International Associations [http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100014236 http://www.uia.org/s/or/en/1100014236 accessed] 20 May 2014 16:31 CEST&lt;/ref&gt;ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya Setheo sa Dithuto tsa Semolao tsa Boditšhabatšhaba jaaka tsela ya go thusa difeme tsa molao tse di amanang le setheo go tsaya karolo le go tsweletsa mananeo a setheo, le go fetolela melemo eno go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa semolao tsa dinaga di sele. Maikaelelo a pele a rotloediwa ke go nna le seabe ga maloko mo diporojekeng tsa patlisiso tsa lefelo leno le go atolosiwa ga dipeelo tse di kgethegileng tsa go nna le seabe ga bone mo mananeong a yone a thuto ya semolao le a tlhabololo ya seporofešenale. IBLC e fa maloko dikgolagano tsa kgwebo tsa boditšhabatšhaba le sethala se ba ka laolang kitso ya molao wa kgwebo ya boditšhabatšhaba go tswa mo go sona le go itse gore ba ka se dira jang. E ba thusa go tlhama mekgwa e e atlegang thata ya go direla bagwebi ba boditšhabatšhaba. IBLC e batla go lekanyetsa maloko a yona go difeme tse di nang le leina le le senang molato la seporofešenale. Ka 2006, difeme di feta 100 kwa Yuropa, Amerika Bokone, Bogare, le Borwa, Asia le Pacific, le Botlhabagare e ne e le maloko a IBLC.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20140520220127/http://www.martindale.com/Professional_Development/Law_Firm_Associations/I-24.aspx Archived 2014-05-27 at archive.today accessed 20 May 2014, 16:18 CEST&lt;/ref&gt; IBLC e gatelela gore ga se mafaratlhatlha ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng, mme maloko a yone a dirisana mmogo go tlamela ka phitlhelelo ya lefatshe lotlhe le boitseanape jwa selegae jwa bareki ba bona.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Jakia Brown-Turner</title>
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      <text bytes="4727" sha1="2fxg0jgczniltrm3i55vh6w3pd1ays7" xml:space="preserve">'''Jakia Brown-Turner''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Tlhakole a le lesome le bobedi ka 2001) ke motshameki wa baseketebolo wa kwa Amerika yo o sa tswang go tshameka setlhopha sa [[Washington Mystics|Washington]] [[Washington Mystics|Mystics]] ya  [[Women's National Basketball Association]] (WNBA). O ne a tshameka baseketebolo ya sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[NC State Wolfpack]] le sa [[Maryland Terrapins]].

== Botshelo jwa pele ==
Brown-Turner o tshotswe ka Tlhakole a le lesome le motso ka 2001, kwa [[Oxon Hill, Maryland]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.basketball-reference.com/wnba/players/b/brownja07w.html &quot;Jakia Brown-Turner WNBA Stats&quot;]. ''[[:en:Basketball-Reference.com|Basketball-Reference.com]]''. Retrieved 1 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne tsene sekolo se segolwane sa [[Bishop McNamara High School]]  mme e ne e le motshameki yo mogolo wa setlhopha sa baseketebolo, a nna motlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa ntlha sa all-conference gararo mme gape a nna mo maemong a lesome le botlhano a ba ba tshwanetseng go lebelelwa mo setshabeng ba [[ESPN]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Olson, Dan (June 12, 2018). [https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/23768938/nc-state-wolfpack-get-verbal-commitment-jakia-brown-turner-bishop-mcnamara &quot;NC State lands commitment from elite prospect Jakia Brown-Turner&quot;]. [https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/23768938/nc-state-wolfpack-get-verbal-commitment-jakia-brown-turner-bishop-mcnamara ESPN]. Retrieved 1 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.bmhs.org/cf_news/view.cfm?newsid=1654 &quot;Student-Athlete Jakia Brown-Turner '19: Gatorade Maryland Girls Basketball Player of the Year&quot;]. [[:en:Bishop_McNamara_High_School|Bishop McNamara High School]]. Retrieved 1 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a ne a le kwa mogolwane, o ne a thusa sekolo go tlhoma rekote ya 21-7 mme gape a bidiwa kwa setlhopheng sa ntlha sa All-Met ke ''[[The Washington Post]].''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa gagwe wa bofelo, Brown-Turner o ne a thusa  Bishop McNamara go nna mo maemong a bosetshaba a bolesome a a kwa godimo mo lefatsheng, a ba etelela pele go nna bommampodi ba [[Washington Catholic Athletic Conference]] ka rekote ya 31 - 4.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Abraham, Scott (April 30, 2019). [https://wjla.com/sports/rising-stars/senior-guard-breaks-records-on-the-revived-bishop-mcnamara-girls-basketball-team &quot;Senior guard on Bishop McNamara resurging girls basketball team breaks records&quot;]. [[:en:WJLA-TV|WJLA-TV]]. Retrieved 1 March 2025..&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a dira palogare ya dintlha di le 16.0 le go gapa kgwele gape (rebounds) tse 7.3 motshameko mongwe le mongwe, mme a amogela ditlotla di le mmalwa go akaretsa go tlhophiwa mo [[McDonald's All-American Game]] le [[Ordan Brand Classic|Jordan Brand Classic]], All-County le ya setlhopha sa boraro sa Naismith [[All-America]] , gape a nna Maryland Girls'basketball Player of the Year, Bishop McNamara female student-athlete of the year le [[Gatorade Maryland Player of the Year]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bansil, Sapna (November 6, 2023). [https://archive.today/20240705194031/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2023/11/06/jakia-brown-turner-maryland/ &quot;Four years later, Jakia Brown-Turner has made her way home to Maryland&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Washington_Post|The Washington Post]]''. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024 – via [[:en:Archive.ph|archive.ph]]. Retrieved 1 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://umterps.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/jakia-brown-turner/11139 &quot;Jakia Brown-Turner&quot;]. [[:en:Maryland_Terrapins|Maryland Terrapins]]. Retrieved 1 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a fetsa e le moeteledipele mo dintlheng tse di nositsweng mme a rurifatsa fa a tlaa tshameka motshameko baseketebolo ya dikolo tsa ithutelo tiro sa [[NC State Wolfpack]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Tiro ya sekole sa ithutelo ditiro ==
Brown-Turner o ne a tshameka metshameko yotlhe e le masome mararo le bobedi, a simolola e le masome mararo le bongwe, o ne a dira dintlha tse 9.4 le go tsaya kgwele gape ga 3.6 mme a tlhophiwa kwa setlhopeng sa Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) All-Freshman.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; O ne a nna le palogare ya dintlha tse 13.5 le go tsaya kgwele gape ga 5.0 mo setlheng sa gagwe sa bobedi, sa 2020 - 2021, seo se mofa go nna mosimolodi wa setlhopha sa All-ACC ebile a tlhophiwa ka tlotlo mo go sa All-American ke [[Associated Press]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240120052313/https://www.baltimoresun.com/2023/04/06/maryland-womens-basketball-adds-nc-state-transfer-jakia-brown-turner/ &quot;Maryland women's basketball adds NC State transfer Jakia Brown-Turner&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Baltimore_Sun|The Baltimore Sun]]''. April 6, 2023. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. – via [[:en:Archive.ph|archive.ph.]] Retrieved 3 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Faisal Hawar</title>
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      <text bytes="8395" sha1="9k5iltnksszoqp1dus8ztq9kvdwt34n" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Faisal Hawar &lt;br /&gt; فيصل هوار|image=Faisalhawhd5.png|birth_date={{birth year and age|1963}}|birth_place=[[Aden]], [[Yemen]]|alma mater=[[Mmadikolo waPune]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ Mmadikolo wa Aligarh Muslim ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[SCOTVEC]]|occupation=Mogwebi|title=Modulasetilo wa International Somalia Development Foundation,&lt;br /&gt; CEO wa kompone ya  Maakhir Resource}}

Faisal Ahmed Yusuf &quot;Hawar&quot; ([[:en:Somali_language|Sesomali]]: Faisal Xawaar, [[:en:Arabic|Searabia]]: فيصل هوار) (o tshotswe ka 1963) ke Mogwebi wa [[:en:Somali_people|Mosomalia]]. Ke Mookamedi mogolo/Tautona le motlhami-mmogo wa Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Somalia mmogo le Kompone ya Didirisiwa ya Maakhir.

== Botshelo jwa motho ==
Hawar o tshotswe ka 1963 kwa [[:en:Aden|Aden]],  [[:en:Yemen|Yemen]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://spr.fm/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=4307:a-visionary-faisal-hawar-somali-public-radio-person-of-the-year-2012&amp;Itemid=121 &quot;A Visionary, Faisal Hawar; Somali Public Radio Person of the Year 2012&quot;]. Somali Public Radio. 13 January 2013. Retrieved 2025-03-12&lt;/ref&gt;Lelapa la gagwe le tswa kwa kgaolong ya [[:en:Las_Khorey|Las Khorey]] kwa kgaolong e e kwa bokone jwa [[:en:Sanaag|Sanaag]] kwa [[:en:Somalia|Somalia]],&lt;ref&gt;Osman, Suleiman (27 June 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141012043951/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/3473/Part_Two_What_is_Lasqoray &quot;Part Two: What is Lasqoray?&quot;.] Somalia Report. Archived from [https://somaliareport.com/index.php/post/3473/Part_Two_What_is_Lasqoray the original] on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 2025-03-12&lt;/ref&gt;e leng lefelo le le nonofileng la morafe wa [[:en:Warsangali|Warsangali]] wa [[:en:Harti|Harti]] [[:en:Darod|Darod]]. Rraagwe Faisal, moswi Haji Hawar, e ne e le manejara wa bogare wa maemo a a kwa godimo kwa [[:en:BP|British Petroleum]] e e neng e le kwa Yemen. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Go bona thuto ya gagwe ya ntlha, Hawar o ne a tsena sekolo kwa [[:en:Mogadishu|Mogadishu]], e e kwa kgaolong ya [[:en:Banaadir|Banaadir]] e e kwa borwa-bogare jwa Somalia. O ne a tswelela ka dithuto tsa gagwe tsa pele ga kalogo kwa mafatsheng a sele, mme a bona degree ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Dipalopalo, Itsholelong le Patlisiso ya Ditiro go tswa kwa [[:en:Savitribai_Phule_Pune_University|Mmadikolo wa Pune]] kwa [[:en:Maharashtra|Maharashtra]], kwa [[:en:India|India]] ka 1987. Hawar o ne a latela seo ka 1989 ka degree ya masters ya Dipalopalo, Patlisiso ya mananeo a Ditiro kwa [[:en:Aligarh_Muslim_University|Mmadikolo wa Semoseleme wa Aligarh]] mo [[:en:Aligarh|Aligarh]] le Comp the India. Ka 1993, gape o ne a bona Dipoloma ya Morago ga Degree ya Di-computer tsa Kgwebo kwa [[:en:Scottish_Vocational_Education_Council|SCOTVEC]] kwa [[:en:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]], kwa [[:en:Scotland|Scotland]][http://spr.fm/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=4307:a-visionary-faisal-hawar-somali-public-radio-person-of-the-year-2012&amp;Itemid=121 .]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tiro ==
[[Setshwantsho:Faisalhawhd3.png|thumb|Bomme ba Somalia kwa moletlong wa sepolotiki kwa Dubai o o neng o okametswe ke Faisal Hawar.]]
Hawar o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka 1991 e le Molaodi wa Boleng jwa Ditsamaiso tsa Di-computer le [[:en:Etisalat|Etisalat]], e leng feme e e eteletseng pele ya [[:en:Telecommunications|ditlhaeletsano ka megala]] kwa [[:en:United_Arab_Emirates|United Arab Emirates]]. Ka 1998, o ne a nna Tlhogo ya Ditiro tsa IT tsa [[:en:Abu_Dhabi_Islamic_Bank|polokelo ya Boiselamo ya Abu Dhabi]], e ka nako eo e neng e sa tswa go simolola. Hawar o ne a nna leloko la Kompone ya Ditlhaeletsano tsa Megala ya Thuraya ya Setlhopha sa Etisalat mo ngwageng o o latelang. Jaaka Mookamemedi wa Tshedimosetso wa feme fa gare ga 2007-2008, o ne a etelela pele maphata a matlhano, badiri ba le masome a le borobabobedi le borobabongwe, mme a kgona Capex/Opex ya dimilione di le US$30. Moragonyana o ne a dira jaaka Ofisi e Kgolo ya Tshedimosetso/Mokaedi wa IT wa lephata la Etisalat la Zanzibar Telecom.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hawar e naya ditheo tse di farologaneng tsa puso kgakololo. Gape o simolotse dikompone di le mmalwa tsa dikgakololo, tse di thusitseng go dira ditumalano tsa go tlhaloganya magareng ga ditheo tsa puso le tse di ikemetseng ka nosi.. Mo godimo ga moo, Hawar e nnile moeteledipele mo go gogeleng dipeeletso tse di [[:en:Foreign_direct_investment|tlhamaletseng tsa kwa ntle kwa]] Somalia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241226091230/http://spr.fm/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=3624:laasqoray-champions-a-working-model-fdi%E2%80%99s-to-rebuild-somalia%E2%80%99s-devastated-infrastructure&amp;Itemid=123&amp;tmpl=component&amp;print=1 &quot;Laasqoray Champions a Working Model (FDI's), to Rebuild Somalia's Devastated Infrastructure&quot;.]Somali Public Radio. 14 June 2012. Archived from [http://spr.fm/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=3624:laasqoray-champions-a-working-model-fdi%E2%80%99s-to-rebuild-somalia%E2%80%99s-devastated-infrastructure&amp;Itemid=123&amp;tmpl=component&amp;print=1 the original] on 29 September 2014. Retrieved 2025-03-12&lt;/ref&gt; Go fitlhelela seno, ka Kompone ya gagwe ya Makhir Resource, o ne a dira tumalano ka 2012 le feme ya dipeeletso ya Gerika ya go tlhabolola [[:en:Port_of_Las_Khorey|Port ya kgwebo jwa Las Khorey]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Hawar gape o tshwaragane le mo teng ga tsamaiso ya sepolotiki kwa Somalia. Ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga tautona [[:en:Abdullahi_Yusuf_Ahmed|Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed]], Hawar e ne ya tlhofofatsa go bewa monwana ga tumalano ya US$1 bilione kwa [[:en:Forum_on_China–Africa_Cooperation|FOCAC]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Moragonyana o ne a tshegetsa bontlhopheng ba ga [[:en:Shire_Haji_Farah|Shire Haji Farah]] ka nako ya [[:en:2014_Puntland_presidential_election|ditlhopho tsa botautona tsa 2014]] tsa kgaolo e e ipusang ya bokonebotlhaba jwa [[:en:Puntland|Puntland]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20141006100429/http://www.halganka.net/content/musharax-dr-shire-xaaji-faarax-oo-maanta-booqday-jaamacadaha-magaaladda-boosaasosawirro &quot;Musharax Dr Shire Xaaji Faarax oo maanta Booqday Jaamacadaha magaaladda Boosaaso&quot;]. Halganka. 12 January 2013. Archived from [http://www.halganka.net/content/musharax-dr-shire-xaaji-faarax-oo-maanta-booqday-jaamacadaha-magaaladda-boosaasosawirro the original] on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2025-03-12&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a ne a direla jaaka moemedi wa Puntland kwa [[:en:Kuwait|Kuwait]], Hawar le ene o ne a okametse tumalano kwa [[:en:Dubai|Dubai]] fa gare ga puso ya [[:en:Puntland|Puntland]] le kompone ya Kuwait ya go tlhabolola dikago kwa [[:en:Garowe_Airport|Boemafofaneng jwa Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Garowe]] le kwa [[:en:Maakhir_University|Mmadikolo wa Maakhir]]. Tumalano e ne e lekanyeditswe go dimilione di le $10 mme e ne e tlamelwa ka matlole ke Letlole la [[:en:Kuwait_Fund_for_Arab_Economic_Development|Kuwait la Tlhabololo ya Itsholelo ya Maarabia]] (KFAED).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140416090203/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Kuwaiti-Company-to-construct-Airport-University-in-Puntland.shtml &quot;Somalia: Kuwaiti Company to construct Airport, University in Puntland&quot;]. Garowe Online. 14 April 2014. Archived from [https://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Kuwaiti-Company-to-construct-Airport-University-in-Puntland.shtml the original] on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 2025-03-12&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phalane 2013, Tona wa madi ya Puntland [[:en:Farah_Ali_Jama|Farah Ali Jama]] le Mothusa Mokaedi wa KFAED Hamad Al-Omar ba beile monwana ya Tumalano ya Thuso ya Madi e e latelang kwa Kuwait. Tumalano e tla dira gore Letlole le atolose $10 milione, mme $6 milione ya yone e tla abelwa go duelela lenaneo la Boemafofane jwa Garowe mme e e setseng e tla beelwa Porojeke ya mmadikolo wa Maakhir.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.kuwait-fund.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=700 &quot;Signature of Grant Agreements in The Federal Republic of Somalia&quot;.] Retrieved 2025-03-12&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgele ==
Ka 2013, Hawar o ne a bidiwa Motho wa Ngwaga ke seromamowa sa Setšhaba ya Somalia go mo akgolela tiro ya gagwe ya kgwebo le ya boeteledipele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==


[[Karolo:Mafatshe a Aforika]]
[[Karolo:Matsalo a 1963]]
[[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]]
[[Karolo:Batho ba morafe wa Somalia]]
[[Karolo:Bagwedi ba Somalia]]
[[Karolo:Baithuti ba nako e e fetileng ba mmadikolo wa Mamoseleme ya Aligarh]]
[[Karolo:Baithuti ba nako e e fetileng ba Mmadikolo wa Savitribai Phule Pune]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Libya</title>
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      <text bytes="123413" sha1="2ktfgm3vtus7m8ah4ahsh5bybrjiozz" xml:space="preserve">'''Libya,''' semmuso ke lefatshe la Libya,[c] ke lefatshe le le  kwa kgaolong ya [[Maghreb]] kwa Afrika Bokone. E bapile le Lewatle la Mediterranean kwa bokone, Egepeto kwa botlhaba, Sudan kwa borwabotlhaba, [[Chad]] kwa borwa, [[Niger]] kwa borwabophirima, Algeria kwa bophirima, le Tunisia kwa bokonebophirima, mmogo le melelwane ya lewatle le [[Greece, Italy le Malta]] kwa bokone. Libya e na le dikgaolo di le tharo tsa ditso: [[Tripolitania, Fezzan, le Cyrenaica]]. Ka bogolo jwa 1.8 million km2 (700,000 sq mi), ke lefatshe la bone le letona go gaisa mo Afrika le lefatshe la Maarabia, le ya bo lesome le borataro e kgolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121114040712/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2003/Table03.pdf &quot;Demographic Yearbook (3) Pop., Rate of Pop. Increase, Surface Area &amp; Density&quot;] (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2003/Table03.pdf the original] (PDF) on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Libya e ipolela gore e na le 32,000 square kilometres tsa borwabotlhaba jwa Algeria, borwa jwa toropo ya Ghat ya Libya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ &quot;Libya&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]''. [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 7 August 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya Archived] from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2024&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://sovereignlimits.com/boundaries/algeria-libya-land &quot;Libya-Algeria&quot;]. ''Sovereign Limits''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230928171603/https://sovereignlimits.com/boundaries/algeria-libya-land Archived] from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; [ Bodumedi jwa semmuso jwa lefatshe ke  Boiselamo, ka 96.6% ya baagi ba Libya e le Bamoseleme ba Ba-Sunni. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Puo ya semmuso ya Libya ke Searabia, ka puo ya Searabia ya Se-Libya e buiwa thata. Bontsi jwa baagi ba Libya ke Baarabia.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6IOKAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=RA6-PA144 Britannica Student Encyclopaedia]''. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 1 May 2014. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-62513-172-0|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-62513-172-0&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Toropokgolo le motsemogolo, [[Tripoli,]] e kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Libya mme e na le batho ba ba fetang milione wa batho ba le dimilione di le supa ba Libya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.indexmundi.com/libya/demographics_profile.html &quot;Libya Demographics Profile 2014&quot;.] ''Indexmundi.com''. 30 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084546/http://www.indexmundi.com/libya/demographics_profile.html Archived] from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Libya e nnile le Ba-Berber go tloga kwa bokhutlong jwa Motlha wa Boronse jaaka ditlogolwana tsa ditso tsa Iberomaurusian le Capsian. &lt;ref&gt;J. Desanges, &quot;The proto-Berbers&quot;, pp. 236–245, especially p. 237, in ''General History of Africa, vol. II: Ancient Civilizations of Africa'' (UNESCO 1990).&lt;/ref&gt;Mo metlheng ya bogologolo, Bafonekia ba ne ba tlhoma metse ya puso le mafelo a kgwebo kwa bophirima jwa Libya, fa metse e le mmalwa ya Gerika e ne ya tlhomiwa kwa Botlhaba. Dikarolo dingwe tsa Libya di ne di busiwa ke Ba-Carthage, Ba-Numidia, Baperesia le Bagerika pele ga kgaolo yotlhe e nna karolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Roma. Libya e ne e le lefelo la bogologolo la Bokeresete. Morago ga go phutlhama ga Mmusomogolo wa Bophirima wa Roma, kgaolo ya Libya e ne e laolwa ke Ba-Vandal go fitlha ka lekgolo la bo supa  la dingwaga fa tlhaselo e ne e tlisa Boiselamo mo kgaolong eo. Go tloga ka nako eo go ya pele, makgolokgolo a dingwaga a go fudugela ga Baarabia kwa Maghreb go ne ga fetola palo ya batho ba kwa Libya go nna Baarabia. Mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borataro la dingwaga, Mmusomogolo wa Spain le Knights of St John ba ne ba gapa Tripoli go fitlha puso ya Ba-Ottoman e simologa ka 1551. Libya e ne ya nna le seabe mo Dintweng tsa Barbary tsa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabobedi le la bo lesome le borobabongwe  la dingwaga. Puso ya Ottoman e ne ya tswelela go fitlha ka Ntwa ya Italo-Turkey, e e neng ya felela ka go thopiwa ga Libya ke Italy le go tlhomiwa ga dikolone tse pedi, Italy Tripolitania le Italy Cyrenaica (1911 - 1934), moragonyana di ne tsa kopanngwa go nna kolone ya Italy ya Libya go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe,masome a mararo le metso e mene (1934) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe,masome a mane le metso e meraro (1943).

Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, Libya e ne e le lefelo le go neng go lowa mo go lone mo Ntweng ya Bokone jwa Afrika. Go tswa foo, palo ya baagi ba kwa Italy e ne ya fokotsega. Libya e ne ya ikemela jaaka bogosi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe,masome a matlhano le bongwe ( 1951). Kgololo ya sesole e e senang tshololo ya madi ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe,masome a marataro le metso e robabongwe (1969), e e neng ya simololwa ke lekgotla la sesole le le neng le eteletswe pele ke Mokolonele Muammar Gaddafi, le ne la menola Kgosi Idris I mme la tlhoma repaboliki. &lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm &quot;1969: Bloodless coup in Libya&quot;]. 1 September 1969. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720121138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/1/newsid_3911000/3911587.stm Archived] from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Gaddafi o ne a tlhalosiwa ke batshwayadiphoso jaaka mmusaesi, mme e ne e le mongwe wa baeteledipele ba lefatshe ba ba neng ba direla nako e telele go gaisa ba e seng ba bogosi, a busa dingwaga di le masome a mane le bobedi.&lt;ref&gt;Kafala, Tarik (20 October 2011). &quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12532929 Gaddafi's quixotic and brutal rule&quot;]. [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230424085047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12532929 Archived] from the original on 24 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a busa go fitlha a fenngwa le go bolawa ka nako ya Ntwa ya Selegae ya Libya ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011), e e neng e le karolo ya Dikgakologo tsa Searabia tse di atolositsweng, ka taolo e e fetiseditsweng kwa Khanseleng ya Bosetšhaba ya Phetogelo mme morago kwa Khonkereseng ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhophilweng. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso ( 2011), Libya e ntse e le mo mathateng a sepolotiki le a botho, mme ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone ( 2014), balaodi ba babedi ba ba ganetsanang ba ne ba re ba busa Libya, &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826 &quot;Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads&quot;.] Reuters. 25 August 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120247/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-libya-security-idUSKBN0GP0NZ20140826 Archived] from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chris Stephen. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry &quot;Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry&quot;.] ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160404142244/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry Archived] from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sunherald.com/2015/08/07/6355978/peace-talks-between-libyan-factions.html &quot;Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva&quot;.] ''Sun Herald''. 7 August 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015&lt;/ref&gt;se se neng sa isa kwa ntweng ya bobedi ya selegae, ka dikarolo tsa Libya di kgaogane magareng ga dipuso tsa Tobruk le Tripoli gammogo le masole a a farologaneng a merafe le a Islamist. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806 &quot;Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in&quot;.] Reuters. 6 August 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150809065318/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/06/us-libya-security-benghazi-insight-idUSKCN0QB0FK20150806 Archived] from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhakore tse pedi tse di lwang di saenetse tumalano ya go emisa ntwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), mme puso ya tshwaragano e ne ya tsaya taolo ya go rulaganya ditlhopho tsa puso ya batho ka batho, le fa go ganetsana ga sepolotiki go tsweletse go diegisa seno. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297 &quot;Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire&quot;.] ''The Daily Star''. 24 October 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210415014337/https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/libyan-civil-war-two-warring-factions-sign-permanent-ceasefire-1983297 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya  Mopitlwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi,masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022), Ntlo ya Baemedi e ne ya emisa go amogela Puso ya Kopano ya Bosetšhaba mme ya itsise ka puso e nngwe, Puso ya Botsetedi jwa Bosetšhaba (GNS). Dipuso tseno ka bobedi di ntse di dira ka nako e le nngwe fa e sa le ka nako eo, e leng se se dirileng gore go nne le puso e le nngwe kwa Libya. Setšhaba sa boditšhabatšhaba se tsweletse go amogela puso ya tshwaragano jaaka puso e e maleba ya lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;[https://arab.news/yrqr2 &quot;Libya — a tale of two governments, again&quot;.] ''Arab News''. 11 June 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Libya ke lefatshe le le  tlhabologang e e leng mo maemong a bo masome a robabongwe le bobedi  go ya ka HDI,&lt;ref&gt;[https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf &quot;Human Development Report 2023/24&quot;] (PDF). [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|United Nations Development Programme.]] 13 March 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; e e nang le maduo a a kwa godimo go gaisa mo kontinenteng ya Aforika, mme e na le dijanaga tsa oli tse di supilweng go nna tsa bo lesome go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120711143657/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/2004/FileZ/XL/T33.HTM &quot;World proven crude oil reserves by country, 1980–2004&quot;]. OPEC. Archived from [http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/interactive/2004/FileZ/XL/T33.HTM the original] on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Libya ke leloko la [[United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, African Union, Arab League, Organization of Islamic Cooperation]], le [[OPEC]].

== Tshimologo ya Libya ==
[[Setshwantsho:Archaeological Site of Sabratha-108976.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la thutamarope la Sabratha, kwa Libya]]
Tshimologo ya leina &quot;Libya&quot; e ne ya tlhagelela la ntlha mo mokwalong wa ga Ramses II, o o kwadilweng e le rbw ka mokwalo wa bogologolo. Leina le le tswa mo botlhaleng jo bo akaretsang jo bo neetsweng lekgotla le legolo la Ba-Berber ba kwa botlhaba ba bogologolo ba &quot;Libya&quot;, batho ba Afrika Bokone le merafe e e neng e nna go dikologa dikgaolo tse di nonneng tsa Cyrenaica le Marmarica. Masole a banna ba le 40 000 &lt;ref&gt;Roberts, Peter (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Vhs2_vi4Yc0C&amp;q=King+meryey&amp;pg=PA72 HSC Ancient History]''. Pascal Press. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781741251784|9781741251784]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210531052740/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vhs2_vi4Yc0C&amp;q=King+meryey&amp;pg=PA72 Archived] from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; le lekgotla la merafe e e itsegeng e le &quot;Babusi ba Bagolo ba Libu&quot; ba ne ba eteletswe pele ke Kgosi Meryey yo o neng a lwa ntwa kgatlhanong le pharaoh Merneptah ka ngwaga wa botlhano (1208 BCE). Ntwa eno e ne ya umakiwa mo Mokwalong o Mogolo wa Karnak o o neng o le kwa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa noka ya delta ka dingwaga tsa botlhano le borataro tsa puso ya gagwe mme ya felela ka gore Meryey a fenngwe. Go ya ka Mokwalo o Mogolo wa Karnak, setlhopha seno sa sesole se ne se akaretsa Ba-Meshwesh, Ba-Lukka le &quot;Batho ba Lewatle&quot; ba ba itsegeng e le [[Ba-Ekwesh, Ba-Teresh, Ba-Shekelesh le Ba-Sherden.]] 

Mokwalo o Mogolo wa Karnak o balega jaana:

the third season, saying: 'The wretched, fallen chief of Libya, Meryey, son of Ded, has fallen upon the country of Tehenu with his bowmen — Sherden, Shekelesh, Ekwesh, Lukka, Teresh. Taking the best of every warrior and every man of war of his country. He has brought his wife and his children — leaders of the camp, and he has reached the western boundary in the fields of Perire.&quot;

Leina &quot;Libya&quot; le ne la dirisiwa gape ka ngwaga wa 1903 ke moithutafatshe wa Mo-Italy e bong Federico Minutilli. Go ne go ikaeletswe go emisetsa mafoko a a dirisitsweng mo go Ottoman Tripolitania, kgaolo e e fa lotshitshing ya se gompieno e leng Libya, e e neng e busiwa ke Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1551 go ya go 1911 jaaka Eyalet ya Tripolitania. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Bibliografia della Libia&quot;; [[:en:Libya#Bertarelli|Bertarelli]], p. 177.&lt;/ref&gt;

Libya e ne ya bona boipuso ka ngwaga 1951 jaaka United Kingdom ya Libya (المملكة الليبية المتحدة al-Mamlakah al-Lībiyyah al-Muttaḥidah), e fetola leina la yone go nna Kingdom of Libya (المملكة الليبية al-Mamlakah al-Lībiyyah), ka tlhamalalo &quot;Libyan Kingdom&quot;, ka ngwaga wa 1963. &lt;ref&gt;Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (1987), [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ly0036) &quot;Independent Libya&quot;] Archived 21 March 2022 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine,]] ''U.S. Library of Congress''. Retrieved 14 July 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;Morago ga coup d'état e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Muammar Gaddafi ka ngwaga wa  1969, leina la lefatshe le ne la fetolwa go nna Rephaboliki ya Libya ya Arabia (الجمهورية العربية الليبية al-Jumhūriyyah al-'Arabiyyah al-Lībiyyah). Leina la semmuso e ne e le &quot;Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya&quot; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=9093369&amp;fid=3769&amp;c=libya &quot;Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Libya&quot;]. ''Geographical Names''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120118153704/http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=9093369&amp;fid=3769&amp;c=libya Archived] from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1977 go fitlha ka 1986 (الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية), le &quot;Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya&quot; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6485614&amp;fid=3784&amp;c=libya &quot;الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية: Libya&quot;]. ''Geographical Names''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140724133149/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6485614&amp;fid=3784&amp;c=libya Archived] from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;al-Jamāhīriyyah al-'Arabiyyah al-Lībiyyah ash-Sha'biyyah al-Ishtirākiyyah al-'Ud listmáeni) go tloga ka ngwaga 1986 go fitlha ka ngwaga 2011.

Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Kgabaganyo, e e tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa  2011, e ne ya bitsa naga eo e re ke &quot;Libya&quot;. Lekgotla la Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng le ne la lemoga semmuso naga e le &quot;Libya&quot; ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa 2011&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130122071953/http://unterm.un.org/ &quot;United Nations interoffice memorandum dated 16 September 2011 from Desmond Parker, Chief of Protocol, to Shaaban M. Shaaban, Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management, attaching memorandum from Stadler Trengove, Senior Legal Officer&quot;.] [[:en:United_Nations_Multilingual_Terminology_Database|United Nations.]] 16 September 2011. Archived from [http://unterm.un.org/ the original] on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; go ikaegile ka kopo go tswa kwa Bothating jo bo sa Feleng jwa Libya e e nopolang Kgoeletso ya Molaotheo ya nakwana ya Libya kgwedi ya  Phatwe e tlhola ga raro,ngwaga wa  2011. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele  ngwaga 2011, [[ISO 3166-1]] e ne ya fetolwa go bontsha leina le lesha la naga &quot;Libya&quot; ka Seesimane, &quot;Libye (la) &quot; ka Sefora. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iso.org/iso/nl_vi-11_name_change_for_libya.pdf &quot;ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-11: Name change for Libya&quot;] (PDF). International Organization for Standardization. 8 November 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120117170551/http://www.iso.org/iso/nl_vi-11_name_change_for_libya.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya  Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2017 kemedi ya leruri ya Libya kwa United Nations e ne ya itsise United Nations gore leina la semmuso la naga e ne e le &quot;State of Libya&quot;; &quot;Libya&quot; e ne ya sala e le sebopego se sekhutshwane sa semmuso, mme lefatshe le ne la tswelela go kwalwa ka fa tlase ga &quot;L&quot; mo lenaaneng la dialefabete. &lt;ref&gt;[https://unterm.un.org/UNTERM/Display/Record/UNHQ/NA/fd428e58-b85e-4d39-81a8-896368359dd5 &quot;&quot;State of Libya&quot; in UNTERM (United Nations terminology database)&quot;.] United Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233707/https://unterm.un.org/UNTERM/Display/Record/UNHQ/NA/fd428e58-b85e-4d39-81a8-896368359dd5 Archived] from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditso ==
[[Setshwantsho:Leptis Magna Arch of Septimius Severus.jpg|thumb|Leptis Magna]]

=== '''Libya ya Bogologolo''' ===
Lefelo le le fa thoko ga lewatle la Libya le ne le nniwa ke batho ba motlha wa [[Neolithic]] go tloga ka 8000 BC. Go akanngwa gore bagologolwane ba Ba-Berber ba ba tswang kwa Afrika le Asia ba ne ba anamela mo lefelong leno ka nako ya Motlha wa Boronse. Leina la ntlha le le itsegeng la lotso lo lo ntseng jalo e ne e le la Ba-Garamantes, ba ba neng ba nna kwa Germa. Ba-Fenisia e ne e le bone ba ntlha go tlhoma mafelo a kgwebo kwa Libya. &lt;ref&gt;Halsall, Paul (August 1998). [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/herod-libya1.html &quot;The Histories', Book IV.42–43&quot;.] Fordham University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130409023843/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/herod-libya1.html Archived] from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka lekgolo la botlhano la dingwaga B.C.E., naga e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe ya Bafonekia, e leng [[Carthage]], e ne e setse e laola karolo e kgolo ya Afrika Bokone, koo go neng ga nna le tlhabologo e e tlhomologileng, e e neng e itsege e le [[Punic.]] 

Ka 630 BC, Bagerika ba bogologolo ba ne ba nna mo lefelong le le dikologileng [[Barca]] kwa Botlhaba jwa Libya mme ba tlhoma motse wa [[Cyrene.]] &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240513144035/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ly0015) &quot;Cyrenaica and the Greeks&quot;.]Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress.  from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Mo dingwageng di le makgolo a mabedi, go ne ga tlhomiwa metse e mengwe e le menè e e botlhokwa ya Gerika mo lefelong le le neng la itsege e le [[Cyrenaica]]. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130128173621/http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsAfrica/AfricaLibya.htm &quot;History of Libya&quot;]. The History Files. 20 October 2011. Archived from [http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsAfrica/AfricaLibya.htm the original] on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Lefelo leno e ne e le legae la sekolo se se itsegeng thata sa filosofi sa Ba-Cyrena. Ka 525 B.C.E., masole a Baperesia a ga Cambyses II a ne a gapa Cyrenaica, e e neng ya nna kafa tlase ga puso ya Baperesia kana ya Baegepeto ka makgolo a mabedi a dingwaga a a neng a latela. Alexander yo Mogolo o ne a fedisa puso ya Baperesia ka 331 B.C.E. mme a amogela lekgetho go tswa kwa Cyrenaica. Libia e e kwa botlhaba e ne ya boa gape ya busiwa ke Bagerika, mme mo lekgetlong leno e ne e le karolo ya Bogosi jwa Ba-Ptolemy.

Morago ga go wa ga [[Carthage]], Baroma ga ba a ka ba thopa [[Tripolitania]] (lefelo le le dikologileng Tripoli), mme ba ne ba e tlogela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya dikgosi tsa [[Numidia]], go fitlha metse e e gaufi le lotshitshi e kopa le go bona tshireletso ya yone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Libya#Bertarelli|Bertarelli,]] p. 202&lt;/ref&gt; Ptolemy Apion, mmusi wa bofelo wa Mogerika, o ne a tlogelela Roma Cyrenaica, e e neng ya gapa kgaolo eo ka 74 BC mme ya e kopanya le Crete jaaka porofense ya Roma. Jaaka karolo ya porofense ya Afrika Nova, Tripolitania e ne e atlegile,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; mme e fitlhile mo dingwageng tsa yone tsa go huma ka lekgolo la bobedi le la boraro la dingwaga, fa toropo ya Leptis Magna, legae la bogosi jwa Severan, e ne e le kwa godimo thata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba, metse ya ntlha ya Sekeresete ya Cyrenaica e ne ya tlhomiwa ka nako ya ga Mmusimogolo Claudius.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[[:en:Libya#Bertarelli|Bertarelli]], p. 417.&lt;/ref&gt;E ne ya senngwa thata ka nako ya Ntwa ya Kitos&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Rostovtzeff, Michael (1957). ''Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire'' (2 ed.). Oxford: Clarendon. p. 364.&lt;/ref&gt; mme e ne e batla e se na baagi ba Bagerika le Bajuta ka go tshwana.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Cassius_Dio|Cassius Dio,]] lxviii. 32&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa gone e ne ya agiwa sesha ke Trajan ka dikolone tsa sesole,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;go tloga ka nako eo e ne ya simolola go fokotsega.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Libya e ne e le ya ntlha go sokologela mo Bokereseteng jwa Nicaea mme e ne e le legae la Mopapa Victor I; le fa go ntse jalo, Libya gape e ne e le legae la mefuta e mentsi e e seng ya Nicaea ya Bokeresete jwa pele, jaaka Arianism le Donatism.

'''Islamic Libya: 647''' '''-1556'''
[[Setshwantsho:Awjila (Libia) - The Mosque of Atiq.jpg|thumb|Mosque wa Atiq kwa Awjila ke mosque wa bogologolo go gaisa otlhe mo Sahara.]]
Ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Amr ibn al-As, masole a Rashidun a ne a gapa Cyrenaica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[[:en:Libya#Bertarelli|Bertarelli,]] p. 278.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 647 masole a a neng a eteletswe pele ke Abdullah ibn Saad a ne a gapa Tripoli go tswa go Ba-Byzantine ka tsela e e feletseng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;[[Fezzan]] e ne ya fenngwa ke Uqba ibn Nafi ka 663. Ditso tsa Ba-Berber tsa kwa morago ga naga di ne tsa amogela Boiselamo, le fa go ntse jalo ba ne ba ganetsa puso ya sepolotiki ya Maarabia. &lt;ref&gt;Hourani, Albert (2002). ''A History of the Arab Peoples''. Faber &amp; Faber. p. 198. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-571-21591-1|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-571-21591-1&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo masomeng a le mmalwa a dingwaga a a neng a latela, Libya e ne e le kafa tlase ga taolo ya Umayyad Caliph ya Damaseko go fitlha Ba-Abbasid ba menola Ba-Umayyad ka 750, mme Libya e ne ya nna kafa tlase ga puso ya Baghdad. Fa Khalifa Harun al-Rashid a ne a tlhoma Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab jaaka mmusi wa gagwe wa Ifriqiya ka 800, Libya e ne e na le boipuso jo bo lekaneng jwa selegae ka fa tlase ga bogosi jwa Aghlabid. Ka lekgolo la bo 10 la dingwaga, Ba-Fatimids ba Ba-Shia ba ne ba laola Bophirima jwa Libya, mme ba busa kgaolo yotlhe ka 972 mme ba tlhoma Bologhine ibn Ziri jaaka mmusi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Kgabagare, losika lwa segosi lwa Ba-Berber lwa ga Ibn Ziri lwa Ba-Zirid lo ne lwa kgaogana le Ba-Fatimids ba Ba-Shiite, mme ba amogela Ba-Abbasid ba Ba-Sunni ba kwa Baghdad e le Ba-Caliph ba ba tshwanetseng. Ka go ipusolosetsa, Ba-Fatimide ba ne ba dira gore diketekete tsa batho ba ba tswang mo merafeng e mebedi ya Baarabia ya Ba-Qaisi, e leng Ba-Sulaym le Ba-Hilal ba fudugele kwa Afrika Bokone. Tiragalo eno e ne ya fetola thata tsela e metsana ya Libya e neng e le ka teng, mme ya dira gore setso le puo ya lefelo leo e nne ya Searabia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Le fa go ntse jalo, puso ya Ba-Zirid kwa Tripolitania e ne ya nna ya nakwana fela, mme ka 1001 Ba-Berber ba Banu Khazrun ba ne ba kgaogana le bone. Tripolitania e ne ya nna ka fa tlase ga taolo ya bone go fitlha ka 1146, fa kgaolo e ne e gapiwa ke Ba-Norman ba Sicily. Mo dingwageng tse masome a matlhano tse di latelang, Tripolitania e ne ya nna lefelo la dintwa tse dintsi magareng ga Ayyubids, babusi ba Almohad le batsuolodi ba Banu Ghaniya. Moragonyana, mogenerale wa Ba-Almohad, Muhammad ibn Abu Hafs, o ne a busa Libya go tloga ka 1207 go fitlha ka 1221 pele ga go tlhomiwa ga Bogosi jwa Ba-Hafsid ba Tunisia&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[[:en:Libya#Bertarelli|Bertarelli,]] p. 203&lt;/ref&gt;jo bo ikemetseng ka nosi go tswa mo Ba-Almohad. Mo lekgolong la bo lesome le bone la dingwaga, losika lwa segosi lwa Ba-Banu Thabit lo ne lwa busa Tripolitania pele ga lo boela mo taolong e e tlhamaletseng ya Ba-Hafsa. Mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borataro la dingwaga, Ba-Hafsa ba ne ba simolola go nna le seabe se segolo mo kgogakgoganong e e neng e le teng fa gare ga Spain le Mmusomogolo wa Ba-Ottoman. 

Fa puso ya Ba-Abbasid e sena go koafala, Cyrenaica e ne e le kafa tlase ga dinaga tsa Egepeto tse di jaaka tsa Tulunids, Ikhshidids, Ayyubids, le Mamluks pele ga Ba-Ottoman ba e gapa ka 1517. Fezzan e ne ya ikemela ka fa tlase ga bogosi jwa ga Awlad Muhammad morago ga puso ya ga Kanem. Kgabagare Ba-Ottoman ba ne ba gapa Fezzan magareng ga 1556 le 1577.

=== Ottoman Tripolitania: 1556 -1911 ===
[[Setshwantsho:Capture of Tripoli by the Ottomans 1551.jpg|thumb|Go dikaganyediwa ga Tripoli ka 1551 go ne ga dira gore Ba-Ottoman ba gape motse oo mo diatleng tsa Ba-St. John.]]
Morago ga tlhaselo e e atlegileng ya Tripoli ke Spain ya Habsburg ka 1510,&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; le go neelwa ga yone go Knights of St. John, yo e neng e le mookamedi wa masole a Ottoman e bong Sinan Pasha o ne a laola Libya ka 1551.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;Motlhatlhami wa gagwe Turgut Reis o ne a bidiwa Bey wa Tripoli mme moragonyana a bidiwa Pasha wa Tripoli ka 1556. Ka 1565, taolo ya tsamaiso jaaka mmusi wa kwa Tripoli e ne e le mo go pasha yo o neng a tlhophiwa ka tlhamalalo ke mmusi wa kwa Constantinople/Istanbul. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1580, babusi ba Fezzan ba ne ba ineela mo go sultan, mme le fa puso ya Ottoman e ne e seyo kwa Cyrenaica, go ne ga tlhomiwa mookamedi kwa Benghazi kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo le le latelang la dingwaga go dira jaaka moemedi wa puso kwa Tripoli. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;Makgoba a Yuropa le palo e kgolo ya makgoba a Bantsho a a neng a tswa kwa Sudan le one e ne e le karolo ya botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi kwa Tripoli. Ka 1551, Turgut Reis o ne a dira batho ba le dikete tse tlhano makgoba kwa setlhaketlhakeng sa Malta sa Gozo, a ba romela kwa Libya. &lt;ref&gt;Hoppen, Alison (1979). ''The fortification of Malta by the Order of St. John, 1530–1798''. Scottish Academic Press. p. 25.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Robert C. Davis (5 December 2003). [[iarchive:trent_0116405722392|''Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800''.]] Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-333-71966-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-333-71966-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]] Retrieved 31 May 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, maatla a mmatota a ne a nna mo diatleng tsa masole a Janissaries a ga pasha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;Ka 1611 di-deys di ne tsa leka go menola puso, mme Dey Sulayman Safar o ne a tlhomiwa go nna tlhogo ya puso. Mo dingwageng di le lekgolo tse di neng tsa latela, go ne ga nna le dikgosi di le mmalwa tse di neng tsa busa Tripolitania. Ba babedi ba ba neng ba le botlhokwa thata e ne e le Mehmed Saqizli (r. 1631 ⁇ 49) le Osman Saqizli (r. 1649 ⁇ 72), boobabedi e ne e le Ba-Pasha, ba ba neng ba busa kgaolo eo ka katlego.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;[[:en:Libya#Bertarelli|Bertarelli,]] p. 204&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ne ba fenya le Cyrenaica.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Tripoli by Piri Reis.jpg|thumb|Moalo wa Tripoli le ditoropo tsa yone kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo lesomethataro la dingwaga AD, ka Piri Reis]]
Ka ntlha ya go tlhoka kaelo go tswa kwa pusong ya Ottoman, Tripoli e ne ya wela mo nakong ya go tlhoka taolo ga sesole mo go neng ga latelwa ke go menolwa ga puso mme go ne ga nna le babusi ba le mmalwa ba ba neng ba kgona go nna mo maemong a bone go feta ngwaga. E nngwe ya ditlhaselo tseo e ne ya etelelwa pele ke modiredimogolo wa Mo-Turkey Ahmed Karamanli. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Ba Karamanlis ba ne ba busa go tloga ka ngwaga wa  1711 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1835 segolo thata kwa Tripolitania, mme ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso kwa Cyrenaica le Fezzan le mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Baruaboswa ba ga Ahmed ba ne ba itshupa ba se na bokgoni go mo feta, le fa go ntse jalo, tekatekano e e sa tlhomamang ya maatla mo kgaolong eo e ne ya dira gore Karamanli e kgone go busa. Ntwa ya selegae ya kwa Tripolitania ya 1793-95 e ne ya diragala mo dingwageng tseo. Ka ngwagwa wa 1793, modiredimogolo wa Mo-Turkey Ali Pasha o ne a tlosa Hamet Karamanli mo setulong mme a busetsa Tripolitania ka bokhutshwane mo pusong ya Ba-Ottoman. Morwarraagwe Hamet e bong Yusuf (r. 1795- 1832) o ne a busetsa boipuso jwa Tripolitania. 

Mo tshiimologong ya lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga ntwa e ne ya runya magareng ga United States le Tripolitania, mme go ne ga latela metseletsele ya dintwa tse di neng tsa bidiwa Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Barbary le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Barbary. Ka ngwaga wa 1819, ditumalano tse di farologaneng tsa Dintwa tsa ga Napoleon di ne di pateleditse dinaga tsa Barbary go tlogela bokebekwa ka mo go feletseng, mme ikonomi ya Tripolitania e ne ya simolola go phutlhama. Fa Yusuf a ntse a koafala, go ne ga nna le makoko mo gare ga bomorwawe ba bararo. Go ise go ye kae go ne ga tsoga ntwa ya selegae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[[:en:Libya#Bertarelli|Bertarelli,]] p. 205.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sultan wa Ottoman Mahmud II o ne a romela masole a gagwe go busetsa thulaganyo, a tshwaya bokhutlo jwa bogosi jwa Karamanli le Tripolitania e e ikemetseng ka nosi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;Thulaganyo e ne ya se ka ya busetswa bonolo, mme go tsuologa ga Ma-Libya ka fa tlase ga Abd-El-Gelil le Gûma ben Khalifa go ne ga tswelela go fitlha loso lwa yo wa bofelo ka 1858.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;Paka ya bobedi ya puso ya Ottoman e ne ya bona diphetogo tsa tsamaiso, le thulaganyo e kgolwane mo pusong ya diporofense tse tharo tsa Libya. Puso ya Ba-Ottoman kgabagare e ne ya busetsa Fezzan magareng ga 1850 le 1875 go bona lotseno go tswa mo kgwebong ya Sahara.

=== '''Bokoloniale jwa Italy le go thopiwa ke Ba-Allied (1911''' '''-1951)''' ===
[[Setshwantsho:Omar Mukhtar 13.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar e ne e le moeteledipele yo o itsegeng wa go ganetsa puso ya Italy kwa Libya.]]
Morago ga [[Ntwa ya Italo-Turkey]] (1911 -1912), Italy ka nako e le nngwe e ne ya fetola dikgaolo tse tharo tseno go nna dikolone.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1398437.stm &quot;Timeline: Libya&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 29 January 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111023080030/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/1398437.stm Archived] from the original on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1912 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1927, kgaolo ya Libya e ne e itsege jaaka Italy ya Afrika Bokone. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1927 go ya go 1934, naga eno e ne ya kgaoganngwa ka dikolone tse pedi, e leng Cyrenaica ya Italy le Tripolitania ya Italy, tse di neng di busiwa ke babusi ba kwa Italy. Ba-Italy ba ba ka nnang 150,000 ba ne ba nna kwa Libya, ba ba dirang 20% ya palogotlhe ya baagi. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-46562/Libya &quot;Libya&quot;]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130430102144/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/339574/Libya Archived] from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Omar Mukhta]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;r o ne a itsege jaaka moeteledipele wa kganetso kgatlhanong le bokoloniale jwa Italy mme a nna mogaka wa setšhaba le fa a ne a tshwarwa le go bolawa ka kgwedi ya  Lwetse e le lesome le borataro,ngwaga wa 1931.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1398437.stm Libya profile – Timeline] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120816010152/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13755445 Archived] 16 August 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], ''BBC News'' Africa, 1 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Sefatlhego sa gagwe ga jaana se gatisitswe mo pampitshaneng ya dinara di le lesome ya Libya go mo gopola le go mo leboga ka ntlha ya go rata naga ya gaabo. Moeteledipele yo mongwe yo o itsegeng wa kganetso, Idris al-Mahdi as-Senussi (moragonyana e ne ya nna Kgosi Idris I), Emir wa Cyrenaica, o ne a tswelela go etelela pele kganetso ya Libya go fitlha Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe e simologa.

Se se neng se bidiwa &quot;pacification of Libya&quot; ke Ba-Italy se ne sa felela ka dintsho tsa bontsi jwa batho ba ba tlholegileng kwa Cyrenaica, ba bolaya mo e ka nnang kwatara ya baagi ba Cyrenaica ba le 225 000. &lt;ref&gt;Mann, Michael (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cGHGPgj1_tIC&amp;pg=PA309 The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing]''. Cambridge University Press. p. 309. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0521538541|978-0521538541]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170416132840/https://books.google.com/books?id=cGHGPgj1_tIC&amp;pg=PA309 Archived] from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;[[Ilan Pappé]] o fopholetsa gore magareng ga ngwaga 1928 le 1932 sesole sa Italy &quot;se bolaile halofo ya baagi ba Ba-Bedouin (ka tlhamalalo kgotsa ka bolwetse le tlala mo dikampeng tsa pogisetso tsa Italy kwa Libya)&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Ilan_Pappé|Ilan Pappé,]] ''The Modern Middle East''. Routledge, 2005, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-415-21409-2|0-415-21409-2,]] p. 26.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Cartolina Giovanni Pastorelli.jpg|thumb|Poso karata ya Italy e e neng e bontsha go tlhaselwa ga Libya ke Italy ka ngwaga wa 1911]]
Ka ngwaga wa  1934, Italy e ne ya kopanya Cyrenaica, Tripolitania le Fezzan mme ya tsaya leina la &quot;Libya&quot; (le le neng le dirisiwa ke Bagerika ba bogologolo go kaya Afrika Bokone yotlhe kwa ntle ga Egepeto) go dira kolone e e kopaneng, Tripoli e le motsemogolo wa yone. &lt;ref&gt;Nanjira, Daniel Don (2010). ''African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century''. ABC-CLIO. p. 207. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37982-6|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-313-37982-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Ba-Italy ba ne ba gatelela go tokafatsa mafaratlhatlha le ditiro tsa setšhaba. Go ya pele, ba ne ba atolosa thata diporo tsa seporo le ditsela tsa Libya go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1934 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1940, ba aga dikilometara di le makgolokgolo tsa ditsela tse disha le diporo tsa seporo le go rotloetsa go tlhomiwa ga madirelo a masha le metse e mentsi e mesha ya temothuo. 

Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa  1940, Italy e ne ya tsenela Ntwa ya Lefatshe II. Libya e ne ya nna lefelo le go neng ga lwelwa Ntwa e Kgolo ya Bokone jwa Afrika mo go lone, e kgabagare e neng ya felela ka gore Italy le mmaba wa yone wa Mojeremane ba fenngwe ka ngwaga 1943.

Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1943 go ya go ngwaga wa 1951, Libya e ne e le kafa tlase ga puso ya Dinaga Tse di Kopaneng. Masole a Boritane a ne a laola diporofense tse pedi tsa bogologolo tsa Italy tsa Libya tsa Tripolitana le Cyrenaïca, fa Bafora bone ba ne ba laola porofense ya Fezzan. Ka ngwaga wa 1944, Idris o ne a boa go tswa kwa botshwarong kwa Cairo mme a gana go nna kwa Cyrenaica go fitlha go tlosiwa dilo dingwe tse di neng di laolwa ke batswakwa ka ngwaga wa 1947. Ka fa tlase ga tumelano ya kagiso ya 1947 le mafatshe a Kopaneng, Italy e ne ya tlogela go batla go nna le Libya.&lt;ref&gt;Tecola W. Hagos (20 November 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121207051037/http://www.tecolahagos.com/part4.htm &quot;Treaty Of Peace With Italy (1947), Evaluation And Conclusion&quot;]. Ethiopia Tecola Hagos. Archived from [http://www.tecolahagos.com/part4.htm the original] on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== '''Bogosi jo bo Ikemetseng (1951''' '''-1969)''' ===
[[Setshwantsho:IdrisI3.jpg|thumb|Kgosi  Idris wa Libya]]
Kopano ya bosetšhaba e ne ya dira molaotheo o o neng wa tlhoma puso ya segosi le go neela Sayyid Idris, &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;[https://www.historytoday.com/archive/kingdom-libya-established &quot;The Kingdom of Libya is Established&quot;.] ''History Today''. Retrieved 5 July 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;Emir wa Cyrenaica, setulo sa bogosi. Sayyid Idris o ne a tshwere maemo a a tlotlegang jaaka moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa bodumedi sa Senussi, se se neng sa tlhomiwa ke rremogolo wa gagwe mo ngwagakgolong o o fetileng jaaka karabo ya tlhotlheletso ya Bophirima mo lefatsheng la Searabia. Mokgatlho o o ineetseng wa Boiselamo o ne wa bona tshegetso e kgolo go tswa go Ba-Bedouin ba sekaka mme wa nna maatla a magolo a sepolotiki kwa Libya. Mo dingwageng tse di neng di wela tlase tsa Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman, o ne wa busa ka tsela e e nang le matswela mo teng ga Libya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;O tsholetswe kwa oasis kwa Cyrenaica ka ngwaga wa  1890, Sayyid Idris o ne a nna moeteledipele wa Senussi a sa le monnye. O ne a fetsa lobaka lo loleele a le kwa botshwarong kwa Egepeto ka fa tlase ga puso ya Italy mme a boela kwa Libya morago ga gore maatla a Axis a tlosiwe ka ngwaga wa 1943.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi le bone,ngwaga wa  1951, jaaka Kgosi Idris I, o ne a bua le setšhaba ka radio go tswa kwa Benghazi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le masome a mabedi le bongwe,ngwaga wa  1949, General Assembly ya UN e ne ya fetisa tshwetso e e reng Libya e tshwanetse go ikemela pele ga kgwedi ya  Ferikgong e tlhola bongwe,ngwaga wa 1952. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13754897 &quot;Libya country profile&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 15 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506173721/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13754897 Archived] from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021&lt;/ref&gt; Idris o ne a emela Libya mo ditherisano tse di latelang tsa UN. Ka kgwedi ya  Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1951, Libya e ne ya itsise boipuso jwa yone jaaka United Kingdom of Libya, puso ya segosi ya molaotheo le ya boswa ka fa tlase ga Kgosi Idris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;Schiller, Jon (29 November 2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HQ-VAkIdiX0C&amp;pg=PA161 ''Internet View of the Arabic World''.] CreateSpace. p. 161. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781439263266|&lt;bdi&gt;9781439263266&lt;/bdi&gt;.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180320153024/https://books.google.com/books?id=HQ-VAkIdiX0C&amp;pg=PA161 Archived] from the original on 20 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le fa go ntse jalo, bogosi jo bosha bo ne jwa lebana le dikgwetlho tse di masisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; E ne e sena madirelo a a botlhokwa le metswedi ya temothuo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Dithekiso tsa ntlha tsa bogosi e ne e le matlalo, wulu, dipitse le mafofa a nonyane ya  lefatshe . &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Le fa e na le lotseno lo lo kwa tlase go gaisa mo lefatsheng lotlhe, gape e na le palo e e kwa godimo ya batho ba ba sa itseng go bala le go kwala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Kgosi Idris I, yo o neng a setse a le mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsa bo masome a marataro, o ne a sena moruaboswa yo o tlhamaletseng go mo tlhatlhama. Go begwa gore ntsalae, yo a neng a mo nyala ka ngwaga wa 1932, o ne a senyegelwa ke mpa ka makgetlo a le mantsi, mme morwa wa bone, yo o neng a tsholwa ka ngwaga wa 1953, o ne a tlhokafala ka tshoganetso morago ga go tsholwa. Kgosana Rida, morwarraagwe Idris, o ne a tlhophilwe go nna moruaboswa, mme lelapa la segosi le ne le na le dikgotlhang tse di sa feleng. Boitsholo jwa ga Kgosi Idris jwa go nna modumedi wa Momoseleme, jo bo neng jwa dira gore a tshegediwe ke Ba-Bedouin, bo ne jwa thulana le mekgwa ya segompieno le ya botlhalefi ya kwa metsesetoropong kwa Libya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Go rarabolola kgotlhang e e neng e le teng magareng ga Cyrenaica le Tripolitania, Benghazi le Tripoli di ne di nna motsemoshate ka go refosana dingwaga dingwe le dingwe tse pedi. 

Go tlhagelela ka bonako ga palo e kgolo ya badiredi ba puso go ne ga felela ka puso e e turang ya segosi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;Go ribololwa ga ditlamelo tsa oli tse di botlhokwa ka ngwaga wa 1959 le lotseno lo lo neng lwa latela go tswa mo thekisong ya peterolo go ne ga kgontsha nngwe ya dinaga tse di humanegileng go gaisa mo lefatsheng go tlhoma naga e e humileng thata. &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Le fa oli e tokafaditse thata madi a puso ya Libya, letlhoo la batho le ne la simolola go gola ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga khumo ya setšhaba mo diatleng tsa Kgosi Idris le ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba setšhaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;Go sa kgotsofala gono go ne ga tswelela go gola ka go tlhatloga ga Nasserism le bosetšhaba jwa Searabia go ralala Bokone jwa Afrika le Botlhaba-Gare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;

=== '''Rephaboliki ya Libya ka fa tlase ga Gaddafi (1969''' '''- 2011)''' ===
[[Setshwantsho:Muammar al-Gaddafi at the AU summit.jpg|thumb|Muammar Gaddafi,moeteledipele wa Libya(&lt;abbr&gt;r.&lt;/abbr&gt; 1969–2011)]]
Ka kgwedi ya  Lwetse,ngwaga wa  1969, setlhopha sa masole a batsuolodi ba ba neng ba eteletswe pele ke Muammar Gaddafi ba ne ba simolola coup d'état kgatlhanong le Kgosi Idris, e e neng ya itsege jaaka Al Fateh Revolution. &lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;Salak, Kira. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110923175457/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/0504/excerpt1.html &quot;Rediscovering Libya&quot;.] National Geographic Adventure. Archived from [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/0504/excerpt1.html the original] on 23 September 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;Bearman, Jonathan (1986). Qadhafi's Libya. London: Zed Books. p. 72&lt;/ref&gt; o ne a bitswa &quot;Motsamaisi wa Moena le Motataisi wa Phetohelo&quot; ka polelo ya mmuso le boralitaba ba semmuso ba Libya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5425.htm &quot;Libya – History&quot;.] US Department of State's Background Notes. 15 January 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190604185313/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5425.htm Archived] from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;O ne a simolola go laola hisetori le dipolotiki tsa Libya mo dingwageng tse di masome a mane tse di latelang. Go fokotsa tlhotlheletso ya Italy, ka Phalane 1970 dithoto tsotlhe tse di neng di le tsa Italy di ne tsa gapiwa mme morafe wa Italy wa batho ba le 12 000 o ne wa kobiwa go tswa kwa Libya mmogo le morafe o monnye wa Bajuta ba Italy ba Libya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Letsatsi leo le ne la nna letsatsi la boikhutso la bosetšhaba le le itsegeng jaaka &quot;Letsatsi la Pusoloso&quot;;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;moragonyana le ne la fetolwa leina go nna &quot;Letsatsi la Botsalano&quot; ka ntlha ya go tokafala ga dikamano magareng ga Italy le Libya.&lt;ref&gt;Zoubir, Yahia H. (2009). &quot;Libya and Europe: Economic Realism at the Rescue of the Qaddafi Authoritarian Regime&quot;. ''Journal of Contemporary European Studies''. '''17''' (3): 401–415 [403, 411]. doi:[[doi:10.1080/14782800903339354|10.1080/14782800903339354]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID 153625134.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Muammar Gaddafi, moeteledipele wa Libya (r. 1969–2011) Koketsego ya katlego ya Libya e ne ya tsamaisana le go oketsega ga kgatelelo ya sepolotiki ya ka fa gare, mme go sa dumelane le sepolotiki go ne ga dirwa go se ka fa molaong ka fa tlase ga Molao wa bo masome a supa le botlhano,ngwaga wa  1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;[http://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/libya/history/ &quot;Libya: History&quot;]. /globaledge.msu.edu [[:en:Michigan_State_University|(via Michigan State University)]]. [http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110814125349/http://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/libya/history/ Archived] from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;Tlhokomelo e e anameng ya baagi e ne ya dirwa ka Dikomiti tsa Phetogo tsa ga Gaddafi.&lt;ref&gt;Eljahmi, Mohamed (2006). [http://www.meforum.org/878/libya-and-the-us-Gaddafi-unrepentant &quot;Libya and the U.S.: Gaddafi Unrepentant&quot;.] ''[[:en:Middle_East_Quarterly|Middle East Quarterly]]''. [http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110302065908/http://www.meforum.org/878/libya-and-the-us-Gaddafi-unrepentant Archived] from the original on 2 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110807181001/http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/africa/libya.html &quot;Comparative Criminology – Libya&quot;.] Crime and Society. Archived from [http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/africa/libya.html the original] on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;Gaddafi gape o ne a batla go fokotsa dithibelo tse di gagametseng tsa loago tse di neng di beilwe mo basading ke puso ya pele, a tlhoma Setlhopha sa Basadi ba Diphetogo go rotloetsa diphetogo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Ka ngwaga wa  1970, molao o ne wa tlhagisiwa o o tlhomamisang tekatekano ya bong le tekatekano ya dituelo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1971, Gaddafi o ne a tshegetsa go tlhamiwa ga Lekgotla la Basadi la Kakaretso la Libya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1972, molao o ne wa fetisiwa o o neng o dira gore go nyalwa ga basetsana ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le lesome le borataro e nne tlolomolao mme o dira gore tumelelo ya mosadi e nne selo se se tlhokegang pele ga lenyalo.&lt;ref&gt;Bearman, Jonathan (1986). Qadhafi's Libya. London: Zed Books&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa 1975, go ne ga dirwa maiteko a go menola puso ke setlhopha sa badiredi ba sesole ba le masome a mabedi, ba bontsi jwa bone ba neng ba tswa kwa toropong ya Misrata. &lt;ref&gt;Banégas, Richard (1 January 2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=n1wzPrqBI8kC&amp;pg=PA69 La Libye révolutionnaire]'' (in French). KARTHALA Editions. p. 69. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9782811106720|9782811106720]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180320153024/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1wzPrqBI8kC&amp;pg=PA69 Archived] from the original on 20 March 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Seno se ne sa felela ka go tshwarwa le go bolawa ga batho ba ba neng ba loga maano a go menola puso.&lt;ref&gt;Krieger, Joel (2 August 2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2wd30pXJxpYC&amp;pg=PA506 ''The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World''.] Oxford University Press, USA. p. 506. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780195117394|&lt;bdi&gt;9780195117394&lt;/bdi&gt;.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140629195326/http://books.google.com/books?id=2wd30pXJxpYC Archived] from the original on 29 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ,ngwaga wa 1977, Libya e ne ya nna &quot;Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya&quot;.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;Gaddafi o ne a fetisetsa maatla a gagwe kwa Dikomiting tsa Batho tsa Kakaretso mme go tloga ka nako eo go ya pele o ne a ipolela gore ga se sepe fela fa e se tlhogo ya sesupo&lt;ref&gt;Wynne-Jones, Jonathan (19 March 2011). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8393285/Libyan-minister-claims-Gaddafi-is-powerless-and-the-ceasefire-is-solid.html &quot;Libyan minister claims Gaddafi is powerless and the ceasefire is 'solid'&quot;]. ''The Daily Telegraph''. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111029122048/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8393285/Libyan-minister-claims-Gaddafi-is-powerless-and-the-ceasefire-is-solid.html Archived] from the original on 29 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;[&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;Mokgwa wa puso wa jamahiriya (Arabic for &quot;republic&quot;) o a neng a o tlhoma o ne wa bidiwa semmuso jaaka &quot;puso ya temokerasi ka tlhamalalo&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Robbins, James (7 March 2007). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6425873.stm &quot;Eyewitness: Dialogue in the desert&quot;]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved 22 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;Gaddafi, mo ponong ya gagwe ya puso ya temokerasi le filosofi ya sepolotiki, o ne a gatisa The Green Book ka ngwaga wa  1975. Buka ya gagwe e khutshwane e ne e na le motswako o o tlhomologileng wa bososhiale jwa bo-utopia le bosetšhaba jwa Baarabia le go rata maemo ga Ba-Bedouin. F-4J ya VF-74 le MiG-23 ya Libya mo Gulf of Sidra ka ngwaga wa  1981.
[[Setshwantsho:F-4J of VF-74 with Libyan MiG-23 over Gulf of Sidra 1981.jpg|thumb|F-4J of VF-74 with Libyan MiG-23 over Gulf of Sidra in 1981]]
Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 1977, Libya e ne ya simolola go isa dilwana tsa sesole go Goukouni Oueddei le People's Armed Forces kwa Chad.Ntwa ya Chad-Libya e simolotse ka nnete fa tshegetso ya Libya ya masole a batsuolodi kwa bokone jwa Chad e ne ya fetogela mo tlhaselong. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;Moragonyana mo go one ngwaga oo, Libya le Egepeto ba ne ba lwa ntwa ya molelwane ya malatsi a le mane e e neng ya itsege jaaka Ntwa ya Egepeto-Libya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;Mafatshe ka bobedi di dumetse go emisa ntwa ka fa tlase ga botsereganyi jwa Tautona wa Algeria Houari Boumédiène. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/lay/libya/flibyaegypt1977.htm &quot;Egypt Libya War 1977&quot;]. Onwar.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120324085920/http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/lay/libya/flibyaegypt1977.htm Archived] from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Makgolokgolo a batho ba Libya ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke matshelo a bone mo tshegetsong ya naga ya Idi Amin's Uganda mo ntweng ya yone kgatlhanong le Tanzania. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Gaddafi o ne a duelela ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di farologaneng go tswa mo mekgatlhong e e kgatlhanong le nyutlelia go ya kwa mekgatlhong ya badiri ya Australia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20030301031212/http://www.aijac.org.au/review/2003/282/Libya-return.html &quot;A Rogue Returns&quot;]. AIJAC. February 2003. Archived from [http://www.aijac.org.au/review/2003/282/Libya-return.html the original] on 1 March 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya  Mopitlwe e tlhola bobedi  ngwaga wa 1977, Libya e ne ya nna Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ly01000_.html &quot;ICL - Libya - Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People&quot;.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201125/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ly01000_.html Archived] from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Libya e ne ya amogela folaga ya yona ya bosetšhaba e e tala ka kgwedi Ngwanatsele e le lesome le borobabongwe 1977. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;lefatshe le  na le folaga e le nngwe fela ya mmala o o se nang mmala mo lefatsheng go fitlha ka 2011, fa Libya e ne e amogela folaga ya yone ya ga jaana. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1977 go ya pele, lotseno lwa motho a le mongwe mo nageng le ne la tlhatlogela go US$11,000, e le la botlhano le le kwa godimo mo Afrika,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716042352/http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_afr_cou_by_gdp_per_cap_gdp_per_cap-african-countries-gdp-per-capita &quot;African Countries by GDP Per Capita &gt; GDP Per Capita (most recent) by Country&quot;.] ''nationmaster.com''. Archived from [http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_afr_cou_by_gdp_per_cap_gdp_per_cap-african-countries-gdp-per-capita the original] on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; fa Human Development Index e ne ya nna e e kwa godimo mo Afrika mme e feta ya Saudi Arabia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;Azad, Sher (22 October 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20111025194842/http://www.dailynews.lk/2011/10/22/fea02.asp &quot;Gaddafi and the media&quot;.] ''Daily News''. Colombo. Archived from [http://www.dailynews.lk/2011/10/22/fea02.asp the original] on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Se se ne sa fitlhelelwa kwa ntle ga go adima madi go tswa kwa dinageng di sele, go dira gore Libya e se ka ya nna le dikoloto. Noka e Kgolo e e Dirilweng ke Motho le yone e ne ya agiwa go letla gore go nne le metsi a a phepa mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa naga. &lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;Mo godimo ga moo, go ne ga tlamelwa ka madi go duelela dithuto tsa yunibesithi le mananeo a go thapa.&lt;ref&gt;Shimatsu, Yoichi (21 October 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20111022231158/http://newamericamedia.org/2011/10/villain-or-hero-desert-lion-perishes-leaving-the-west-explosive-legacy.php &quot;Villain or Hero? Desert Lion Perishes, Leaving West Explosive Legacy&quot;]. [[:en:New_America_Media|New America Media.]] Archived from the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;Bontsi jwa lotseno lwa Libya go tswa mo oli, e e neng ya tlhatloga ka bo ngwaga wa 1970, e ne ya dirisetswa go reka dibetsa le go tshegetsa makgolokgolo a masole le ditlhopha tsa dirukhutlhi go dikologa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.economist.com/node/18239888 &quot;Endgame in Tripoli&quot;.] ''The Economist''. London. 24 February 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110307152055/http://www.economist.com/node/18239888 Archived] from the original on 7 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Geoff_Simons|Geoffrey Leslie Simons]]. ''Libya: the struggle for survival''. p. 281.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;St. John, Ronald Bruce (1 December 1992). [http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Libyan+terrorism:+the+case+against+Gaddafi.-a014151801 &quot;Libyan terrorism: the case against Gaddafi&quot;]. ''Contemporary Review''. [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525194643/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Libyan+terrorism:+the+case+against+Gaddafi.-a014151801 Archived] from the original on 25 May 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tlhaselo ya sefofane ya Amerika e e neng e eteletswe pele ke poresidente wa nako eo wa Amerika [[Ronald Reagan]] e e neng e ikaeletse go bolaya Gaddafi e ne ya retela ka ngwaga wa 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;Libya e ne ya bewa ka fa tlase ga dikotlhao ke Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng morago ga go thuntshiwa ga sefofane sa kgwebo kwa Lockerbie ka ngwaga wa 1988 se se bolaileng batho ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525194643/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Libyan+terrorism:+the+case+against+Gaddafi.-a014151801&lt;/ref&gt;Ka dingwaga tsa bo1990, puso ya puso e ne ya tshosediwa ke Islamism ya ntwa le maiteko a a sa atlegang a go bolaya Gaddafi.Puso e ne ya tsibogela ka dikgato tsa kgatelelo. Dikhuduego le ditiro tsa Boiselamo di ne tsa gatakelwa ke [[Revolutionary Guard Corps]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, Cyrenaica magareng ga ngwaga wa 1995 le ngwaga wa  1998 e ne e sa tlhomama mo dipolotiking, ka ntlha ya go ikanyega ga merafe ya masole a selegae.Ka ngwaga wa 2003, Gaddafi o ne a itsise gore dibetsa tsotlhe tsa puso ya gagwe tsa tshenyo e e boitshegang di ne di tlhatlhamolotswe, le gore Libya e ne e fetogela mo maatleng a nuklea.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

=== '''Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Selegae ya Libya le go wa ga Gaddafi (2011)''' ===
[[Setshwantsho:Ambassador Cretz Stands by Fist Crushing a U.S. Fighter Plane Sculpture.jpg|thumb|Moemedi Cretz o eme ka letsogo a thubaganya setshwantsho sa sefofane sa ntwa sa US se se neng sa gapiwa morago ga go wa ga Tripoli]]
Ntwa ya ntlha ya selegae e ne ya runya ka nako ya mekgatlho ya Baarabia ya Dikgakologo e e neng ya menola babusi ba Tunisia le Egepeto. Libya e simolotse go nna le ditshupetso kgatlhanong le puso ya ga Gaddafi ka  kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2011, mme go ne ga simololwa ditshupetso tse dikgolo ka kgwedi ya  Tlhakole e le lesome le bosupa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://blogs.aljazeera.net/middle-east/2011/02/17/live-blog-libya &quot;Live Blog – Libya&quot;]. Al Jazeera. 17 February 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110223072304/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/middle-east/2011/02/17/live-blog-libya Archived] from the original on 23 February 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Puso ya Libya e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Muammar Gaddafi e ne ya nna le kganetso e kgolo thata fa e bapisiwa le ya kwa Egepeto le kwa Tunisia. Le fa go menolwa ga dipuso kwa Egepeto le Tunisia e ne e le tiro e e potlakileng, letsholo la ga Gaddafi le ne la dira gore go nne le dikgoreletsi tse dikgolo mo tsogelong ya kwa Libya.&lt;ref&gt;Pollack, Kenneth M., ed. (1 January 2011). ''[http://oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b18588098~S1 The Arab awakening: America and the transformation of the Middle East]''. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780815722267|&lt;bdi&gt;9780815722267&lt;/bdi&gt;.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210415005825/http://oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b18588098~S1 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt; ya ntlha ya taolo ya sepolotiki e e gaisanang e ne ya tlhagelela mo inthaneteng mme ya bolela gore Khansele ya Bosetšhaba ya Kgabaganyo ya Nakwana ke puso e sele. Mongwe wa bagakolodi ba bagolo ba ga Gaddafi o ne a araba ka go kwala tweet, mo a neng a rola tiro, a tlogela, mme a gakolola Gaddafi gore a tshabe.&lt;ref&gt;Hussain1 Howard2, Muzammil M.1Philip N.2 (2013). ''Democracy's Fourth Wave?: Digital Media and the Arab Spring''. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 23. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993697-7|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-19-993697-7&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka  kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi, dikhuduego di ne di aname go ya kwa Tripoli. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le bosupa,ngwaga wa 2011, [[National Transitional Council]] e ne ya tlhomiwa go laola mafelo a Libya a a laolwang ke batsuolodi. Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome,ngwaga wa  2011, United States le dinaga tse dingwe tse dintsi di ne tsa amogela Khansele e e eteletsweng pele ke [[Mahmoud Jibril]] jaaka tonakgolo e e dirang jaaka moemedi wa semolao wa batho ba Libya le go gogela morago go amogela puso ya ga Gaddafi. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110926043358/http://www.ntclibya.com/InnerPage.aspx?SSID=6&amp;ParentID=3&amp;LangID=1 &quot;The Council&quot;International Recognition&quot;.] National Transitional Council (Libya). 1 March 2011. Archived from [http://ntclibya.com/InnerPage.aspx?SSID=6&amp;ParentID=3&amp;LangID=1 the original] on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12699183 &quot;Libya: France recognises rebels as government&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 10 March 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111023041256/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12699183 Archived] from the original on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Green square protests in Tripoli, Libya.jpg|thumb|Go ne ga nna le boipelaetso kgatlhanong le ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le Gaddafi kwa Tripoli]]
Masole a a neng a tshegetsa Gaddafi a ne a kgona go tsibogela ka sesole go kgarametsa ga batsuolodi kwa Bophirima jwa Libya mme ba ne ba simolola tlhaselo e e kgatlhanong le lebopo go ya kwa Benghazi, e leng lefelo la konokono la tshoganyetso.&lt;ref&gt;Fahim, Kareem; Kirkpatrick, David D. (9 March 2011). [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/10/world/africa/10libya.html &quot;Qaddafi Forces Batter Rebels in Strategic Refinery Town&quot;.] ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110506221756/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/10/world/africa/10libya.html Archived] from the original on 6 May 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Toropo ya Zawiya, dikilometara tse masome a mane le borobabongwe go tswa kwa Tripoli, e ne ya thuntshiwa ke difofane tsa sesole sa difofane le ditanka tsa sesole mme ya thopiwa ke masole a Jamahiriya, &quot;a dirisa maemo a bosetlhogo a a iseng a bonwe mo ntweng&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;The Independent, 9 March 2011 P.4&lt;/ref&gt; Mekgatlho ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng, go akaretsa Mokwaledi Kakaretso wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng Ban Ki-moon&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110227021434/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Ban-Ki-moon-blasts-Gaddafi-calls-situation-dangerous/Article1-666108.aspx &quot;Ban Ki-moon blasts Gaddafi; calls situation dangerous&quot;.] ''Hindustan Times''. New Delhi. 24 February 2011. Archived from [http://www.hindustantimes.com/Ban-Ki-moon-blasts-Gaddafi-calls-situation-dangerous/Article1-666108.aspx the original] on 27 February 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;le Khansele ya Ditshwanelo tsa Botho ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng, ba ne ba kgala kgaratlho e ka gore e tlola molao wa boditšhabatšhaba, mme setheo sa bofelo se ne sa koba Libya ka tlhamalalo ka kgato e e iseng e ko e dirwe pele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/editorials/la-ed-libya-20110226,0,6927383.story &quot;Some backbone at the U.N.&quot;] ''Los Angeles Times''. 26 February 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110303053657/http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/editorials/la-ed-libya-20110226,0,6927383.story Archived] from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=125800 &quot;Libya Expelled from UN Human Rights Council&quot;.] Sofia News Agency. 2 March 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511093052/http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=125800 Archived] from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya  Mopitlwe e le lesome le bosupa,ngwaga 2011 Lekgotla la Tshireletso la UN le ne la fetisa Resolution 1973,&lt;ref&gt;Jeffrey Scott Shapiro; Kelly Riddell (28 January 2015). [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/28/hillary-clinton-undercut-on-libya-war-by-pentagon-/print/ &quot;Exclusive: Secret tapes undermine Hillary Clinton on Libyan war&quot;.] ''The Washington Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150217010203/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/28/hillary-clinton-undercut-on-libya-war-by-pentagon-/print/ Archived] from the original on 17 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;ka diboutu tsa lesome⁇ 0 le diboutu tse tlhano tse di neng di sa tseye karolo go akaretsa Russia, China, India, Brazil le Germany. Tshwetso e ne ya dumelela go tlhongwa ga lefelo le go sa kgoneng go fofa mo go lone le go dirisiwa ga &quot;dilo tsotlhe tse di tlhokegang&quot; go sireletsa baagi ba kwa Libya. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37808 &quot;Security Council authorizes 'all necessary measures' to protect civilians in Libya&quot;] (Press release). United Nations. 17 March 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110503184921/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37808 Archived] from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya  Mopitlwe e le lesome le borobabongwe, tiro ya ntlha ya bomphato ba NATO go sireletsa lefelo le le sa kgoneng go fofa e simolotse ka go senya dibetsa tsa go iphemela tsa Libya fa difofane tsa sesole sa Fora di ne di tsena mo lefaufaung la Libya mo thomo ya go lekola e e neng e supa ditlhaselo mo dibakeng tsa baba. &lt;ref&gt;Marcus, Jonathan (19 March 2011). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12795971 &quot;French military jets open fire in Libya&quot;]. ''BBC News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110320125209/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12795971 Archived] from the original on 20 March 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo dibekeng tse di neng tsa latela, masole a United States a ne a le kwa pelepele mo ditirong tsa NATO kgatlhanong le Libya. Go ne ga romelwa masole a le 8 000 a U.S. ka dikepe tsa ntwa le difofane mo lefelong leo. Go ne ga tlhaselwa bobotlana di le 3.000 ka ditlhaselo di le 14,202, di le 716 tsa tsone kwa Tripoli le di le 492 kwa [[Brega]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/may/22/nato-libya-data-journalism-operations-country/ &quot;NATO operations in Libya&quot;.] The Guardian, London, 22 May 2011. 22 May 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140624233946/http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/may/22/nato-libya-data-journalism-operations-country Archived] from the original on 24 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tlhasela ga US go ne go akaretsa go fofa ga dibomo tsa B-2 Stealth, sefofane sengwe le sengwe se ne se na le dibomo tse di boima jwa dikilogerama di le lesome le borataro, di fofela kwa ntle ga le go boela kwa bothibelelong jwa bone kwa Missouri kwa United States.&lt;ref&gt;Tirpak, John  Air Force Magazine: Journal of the Air Force Association, Vol. 94, No. 7, July 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Thuso e e neng ya neelwa ke sesole sa NATO sa difofane e ne ya thusa mo go atlegeng ga phetogo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/02/11/the-hidden-story-of-airpower-in-libya-and-what-it-means-for-syria/ &quot;The hidden story of airpower in Libya (and what it means for Syria)&quot;.] ''Foreign Policy''. 11 February 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065752/http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/02/11/the-hidden-story-of-airpower-in-libya-and-what-it-means-for-syria/ Archived] from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya  Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le bobedi,ngwaga wa 2011, batlhabani ba batsuolodi ba ne ba tsene mo Tripoli mme ba thopa Green Square,&lt;ref&gt;Richburg, Keith B. (22 August 2011). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle-east/libyan-rebels-converging-on-tripoli/2011/08/21/gIQAbF3RUJ_story.html &quot;Gaddafi's rule crumbling as rebels enter heart of Tripoli&quot;.] ''The Washington Post''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120123234819/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle-east/libyan-rebels-converging-on-tripoli/2011/08/21/gIQAbF3RUJ_story.html Archived] from the original on 23 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; eo ba neng ba e fetola leina go nna Martyrs' Square go tlotla ba ba bolailweng go tloga ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le bosupa,ngwaga wa 2011. Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi,ngwagwa wa  2011, ntwa ya bofelo e e neng e le maatla e ne ya fela kwa toropong ya Sirte. Ntwa ya kwa Sirte e ne e le ntwa ya bofelo ya makgaolakgang le ya bofelo ka kakaretso ya Ntwa ya Pele ya Selegae ya Libya moo Gaddafi a neng a tshwarwa le go bolawa ke masole a a neng a tshegediwa ke NATO ka dikgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa2011. Sirte e ne e le lefelo la bofelo le Gaddafi a neng a ikanyega mo go lone e bile e ne e le lefelo le a tsholetsweng kwa go lone. Go fenngwa ga masole a a neng a ikanyega go ne ga ketekwa ka di kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi le boraro,ngwaga wa  2011, malatsi a le mararo morago ga go wa ga Sirte. Bonnye batho ba le 30 000 ba ne ba swa mo ntweng ya selegae. &lt;ref&gt;Laub, Karin (8 September 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/9835879 &quot;Libyan estimate: At least 30,000 died in the war&quot;]. ''The Guardian''. London. Associated Press. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131104210601/http://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/9835879 Archived] from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, National Transitional Council e fopholetsa gore go na le batho ba le 50 000 ba ba gobetseng.&lt;ref&gt;Milne, Seumas (26 October 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/26/libya-war-saving-lives-catastrophic-failure &quot;If the Libyan war was about saving lives, it was a catastrophic failure | Seumas Milne&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201132158/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/26/libya-war-saving-lives-catastrophic-failure Archived] from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Libyan Civil War.svg|thumb|Mafelo a a laolwang mo Ntweng ya Selegae, e ntšhwafaditswe ka 11 kgwedi ya  Seetebosigo,ngwaga wa 2020: Puso ya Tobruk Puso ya Kutlwano ya Bosetšhaba Badisa ba Ditheo Tsa Petroleum Ditso tsa Ba-Tuareg Dithata tsa selegae]]

=== '''Nako ya fa gare ga dintwa le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Selegae ya Libya (2011''' '''- 2020)''' ===
Morago ga go fenngwa ga masole a a neng a ikanyega mo go ene, Libya e ne ya kgaoganngwa ke makoko a le mantsi a a lwantshanang, a a neng a na le dibetsa a a neng a amana le dikgaolo, ditoropo le ditso tse di farologaneng, fa puso e ne e le bokoa e bile e sa kgone go laola lefatshe  ka katlego. Ditlhopha tse di ganetsanang tsa masole di ne tsa lwantshana mo ntweng ya sepolotiki magareng ga boradipolotiki ba Islam le baganetsi ba bone. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-24985595 &quot;Armed militias still on the streets in Libya&quot;]. ''BBC News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131230053135/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-24985595 Archived] from the original on 30 December 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya  Phukwi e tlhola ga supa ngwaga wa 2012, batho ba Libya ba ne ba tshwara ditlhopho tsa bona tsa ntlha tsa palamente fa e sale puso ya maloba e khutla. Ka kgwedi ya  Phatwe e robabobedi, Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la Kgabaganyo le ne la neela ka semmuso maatla go General National Congress e e neng e tlhophilwe ka botlalo, e e neng ya fiwa tiro ya go bopa puso ya nakwana le go kwala Molaotheo o mošwa wa Libya o o neng o tshwanetse go dumelelwa ka referentamo ya kakaretso. &lt;ref&gt;Esam Mohamed (8 August 2012). [https://www.boston.com/news/world/middle-east/2012/08/08/libya-transitional-rulers-hand-over-power/uMPkXd9vTSSHg589mU9ykJ/story.html &quot;Libya's transitional rulers hand over power&quot;.] ''[[:en:The_Boston_Globe|The Boston Globe]]''. [[:en:Associated_Press|Associated Press]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121208121751/http://www.boston.com/news/world/middle-east/2012/08/08/libya-transitional-rulers-hand-over-power/uMPkXd9vTSSHg589mU9ykJ/story.html Archived] from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya  Phatwe e le  e  masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa  2012, mo go se Reuters e neng ya se bega e le &quot;tlhaselo e e maswe go gaisa ya makoko&quot; fa e sale ntwa ya selegae e fela, batlhasedi ba ba sa umakiwang ka maina ba ne ba senya mosque wa Sufi o o nang le mabitla mo bogareng jwa motsemogolo wa Libya wa Tripoli. E ne e le go senngwa ga lefelo la Bo-Sufi la bobedi mo malatsing a le mabedi. &lt;ref&gt;Zargoun, Taha (25 August 2012). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-islamists-idUSBRE87O08Y20120825 &quot;Fighters bulldoze Sufi mosque in central Tripoli&quot;.] ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023061116/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/25/us-libya-islamists-idUSBRE87O08Y20120825 Archived] from the original on 23 October 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditiro di le dintsi tsa bosenyi le tshenyo ya ngwao-boswa di ne tsa dirwa ke masole a a belaelwang e le a Islamist, go akaretsa go tlosiwa ga setshwantsho sa Nude Gazelle le go senngwa le go senngwa ga mabitla a Boritane a nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe II gaufi le Benghazi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29898279 &quot;Libya's Italian-era gazelle statue disappears in Tripoli&quot;.] 4 November 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160828143907/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29898279 Archived] from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Stephen, Chris (4 March 2012). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/04/libya-war-graves-desecrated &quot;British war graves in Libya desecrated by Islamist militants&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140313014511/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/04/libya-war-graves-desecrated Archived] from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;Go ne ga begwa gore dikgetsi tse dingwe tse dintsi tsa bosenyi jwa ngwao-boswa di ne tsa dirwa ke masole a a tsogologetseng Islamist le digopa tse di neng tsa senya, tsa utswa, kgotsa tsa thopa mafelo a le mmalwa a Ditso.
[[Setshwantsho:LE Eithne Operation Triton.jpg|thumb|Libya e ile ya nna lefelo le legolo le batho ba ba batlang go ya kwa Yuropa ba tsenang mo go lone.]]
Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome le bongwe,ngwaga wa 2012, balwela-kgololosego ba Islam ba ne ba tlhasela kago ya bodipolomate ya Amerika kwa Benghazi, &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/event/2012-Benghazi-attacks &quot;2012 Benghazi attacks | History, Facts, &amp; Information | Britannica&quot;.] ''www.britannica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220130100319/https://www.britannica.com/event/2012-Benghazi-attacks Archived] from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; ba bolaya moemedi wa Amerika kwa Libya, [[J. Christopher Stevens]], le ba bangwe ba le bararo. Tiragalo eno e ne ya dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba galefe kwa United States le kwa Libya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/12/world/africa/libya-consulate-attack-scene/ &quot;4 hours of fire and chaos: How the Benghazi attack unfolded&quot;]. CNN. 12 September 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150221061213/http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/12/world/africa/libya-consulate-attack-scene/ Archived] from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e thola ga supa ngwaga wa 2012, Tonakgolo e e tlhophilweng ya Libya [[Mustafa A.G. Abushagur]] o ne a kobiwa morago ga go retelelwa lekgetlo la bobedi go bona tetla ya palamente ya go bopa khabinete e ntšhwa. &lt;ref&gt;Grant, George (7 October 2012). [http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/07/congress-dismisses-abushagur &quot;Congress dismisses Abushagur&quot;.] ''Libya Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130806163230/http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/07/congress-dismisses-abushagur/ Archived] from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Zaptia, Sami (7 October 2012). [http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/07/abushagur-announces-a-smaller-emergency-cabinet &quot;Abushagur announces a smaller emergency cabinet&quot;.] ''Libya Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130809042311/http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/07/abushagur-announces-a-smaller-emergency-cabinet/ Archived] from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19864136 &quot;Libyan Prime Minister Mustafa Abu Shagur to stand down&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 7 October 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121007180429/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19864136 Archived] from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 7 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome ke bone ngwaga wa 2012, General National Congress e ne ya tlhopha leloko la GNC la maloba le mmueledi wa ditshwanelo tsa botho Ali Zeidan jaaka tonakgolo-e e tlhophilweng.&lt;ref&gt;Grant, George (14 October 2012). [http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/14/ali-zidan-elected-prime-minister/ &quot;Ali Zidan elected prime minister&quot;.] ''Libya Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130929211229/http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/14/ali-zidan-elected-prime-minister/ Archived] from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;Zeidan o ne a ikana morago ga gore kabinete ya gagwe e amogelwe ke GNC.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-government-idUSBRE89U18O20121031 &quot;Libya congress approves new PM's proposed government&quot;.] ''Reuters''. 31 October 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121103022542/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/31/us-libya-government-idUSBRE89U18O20121031 Archived] from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Zapita, Sami (14 November 2012). [http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/14/zeidan-government-sworn-in/ &quot;Zeidan government sworn in&quot;.] ''Libya Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130806023849/http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/14/zeidan-government-sworn-in/ Archived] from the original on 6 August 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le lesome le bongwe,ngwaga wa 2014, morago ga go kobiwa ke GNC ka ntlha ya go retelelwa ke go emisa thomelo ya oli e e seng ka fa molaong,&lt;ref&gt;Kirkpatrick, David D (17 March 2014). [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/18/world/middleeast/libya-oil-tanker.html &quot;U.S. Navy SEALs Take Control of Diverted Oil Tanker&quot;.] ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140321041136/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/18/world/middleeast/libya-oil-tanker.html?_r=0 Archived] from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;Tonakgolo Zeidan o ne a tlogela tiro, mme a emisediwa ke Tonakgolo [[Abdullah al-Thani]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26541979 &quot;Libya ex-PM Zeidan 'leaves country despite travel ban'&quot;]. ''BBC''. 12 March 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140315025552/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26541979 Archived] from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntwa ya Bobedi ya selegae e simolotse ka lhwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa  2014 morago ga ntwa magareng ga dipuso tse di ganetsanang tsa palamente le masole a merafe le ditlhopha tsa jihadist tse di neng tsa dirisa sebaka sa go tlhoka maatla. Se se tlhomologileng thata ke gore, batlhabani ba ba feteletsang dilo ba Islam ba ne ba gapa Derna ka ngwaga wa  2014 le Sirte ka ngwaga wa 2015 mo leineng la Islamic State. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa  2015, lefatshe la  boagisani ya Egepeto e ne ya simolola ditlhaselo tsa sefofane kgatlhanong le IS go tshegetsa puso ya Tobruk. &lt;ref&gt;Kirkpatrick, David (20 February 2015). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/21/world/middleeast/militants-claiming-isis-ties-say-they-carried-out-libya-bombings.html &quot;Ties to Islamic State Cited by Group in Libya Attacks&quot;.] ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150221014458/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/21/world/middleeast/militants-claiming-isis-ties-say-they-carried-out-libya-bombings.html?_r=0 Archived] from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dean, Laura (20 February 2015). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/02/20/islamic-state-libya/23728623/ &quot;How strong is the Islamic State in Libya?&quot;]. ''USA Today''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150222193744/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/02/20/islamic-state-libya/23728623/ Archived] from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Loveluck, Louisa (20 February 2015). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11426019/Isil-loyalists-claim-responsibility-for-car-bombs-in-Libya-killing-at-least-40-people.html &quot;Isil loyalists claim responsibility for car bombs in Libya, killing at least 40 people&quot;]. ''The Daily Telegraph''. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150221050052/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11426019/Isil-loyalists-claim-responsibility-for-car-bombs-in-Libya-killing-at-least-40-people.html Archived] from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya  Seetebosigo ngwaga wa  2014, go ne ga tshwarwa ditlhopho tsa Ntlo ya Baemedi, lekgotla le lešwa la peomolao le le neng le ikaeletse go tsaya marapo go tswa kwa General National Congress. Ditlhopho di ne tsa senngwa ke tirisodikgoka le go nna teng go go kwa tlase, ka mafelo a go bouta a tswetswe mo mafelong mangwe. &lt;ref&gt;Jawad, Rana (26 June 2014). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-28005801 &quot;Libyan elections: Low turnout marks bid to end political crisis&quot;.] BBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140812093413/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-28005801 Archived] from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;Ba sekularists le ba liberals ba dirile sentle mo ditlhophong, go tshosa baemedi ba molao ba Islamist mo GNC, ba ba kopaneng gape mme ba bolela gore ba tswela pele ka taolelo ya GNC, ba gana go amogela Ntlo e ntšhwa ya Baemedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140826121713/http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/former-libyan-parliament-reconvenes-elects-islamist-premier &quot;Former Libyan parliament reconvenes, elects Islamist premier&quot;.] Al Akhbar English. 25 August 2014. Archived from [http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/former-libyan-parliament-reconvenes-elects-islamist-premier the original] on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;Batshegetsi ba General National Congress ba ne ba thopa Tripoli, ba pateletsa palamente e e neng e sa tswa go tlhophiwa go tshabela kwa [[Tobruk]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140825135414/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/egypt-denies-intervening-in-libya/2014/08/24/88b364ee-2b7d-11e4-be9e-60cc44c01e7f_story.html &quot;Libya's Islamist militias claim control of capital&quot;.] ''The Washington Post''. Associated Press. 24 August 2014. Archived from [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/egypt-denies-intervening-in-libya/2014/08/24/88b364ee-2b7d-11e4-be9e-60cc44c01e7f_story.html the original] on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chris Stephen (9 September 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry &quot;Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140916072346/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/09/libyan-parliament-refuge-greek-car-ferry Archived] from the original on 16 September 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:General Haftar (cropped).jpg|thumb|Khalifa Haftar, moeteledipele wa Sesole sa Bosetšhaba sa Libya, nngwe ya ditlhopha tse dikgolo mo ntweng ya selegae ya ngwaga wa 2014]]
Ka kgwedi ya  Ferikgong ngwaga wa  2015, go ne ga tshwarwa dikopano ka maikaelelo a go bona tumalano ya kagiso magareng ga makoko a a ganetsanang kwa Libya. Dipuisano tse di neng di bidiwa Geneva-Ghadames di ne di tshwanetse go kopanya GNC le puso ya Tobruk gore ba tle ba nne fa tafoleng e le nngwe go bona tharabololo ya kgotlhang ya ka fa gare. Le fa go ntse jalo, GNC e ne ya se ka ya nna le seabe, e leng sesupo sa gore go kgaogana ga baeteledipele go ne go sa ame &quot;Kampa ya Tobruk&quot; fela, mme gape go ne go ama le &quot;Kampa ya Tripoli&quot;. Mo godimo ga moo, borukhutlhi mo Libya bo ne jwa oketsega ka iketlo, mme bo ne jwa ama le dinaga tse di mabapi. Tlhaselo ya borukhutlhi kgatlhanong le Musiamo wa Bardo kwa Tunisia ka kgwedi ya  Mopitlwe e le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa  2015 go begwa gore e dirilwe ke balwela-kgololosego ba babedi ba ba katisitsweng kwa Libya. &lt;ref&gt;Fanack (22 April 2015). [https://chronicle.fanack.com/libya/history-past-to-present/terrorism-increases-in-libya/ &quot;Terrorism Increases in Libya as Politicians Talk&quot;.] ''Fanack.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518082502/https://chronicle.fanack.com/libya/history-past-to-present/terrorism-increases-in-libya/ Archived] from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo ngwageng wa 2015 metseletsele ya dikopano tsa bodipolomate le ditherisano tsa kagiso di ne tsa tshegediwa ke Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng, jaaka di ne di tsamaisiwa ke Moemedi yo o Kgethegileng wa Mokwaledi Kakaretso (SRSG), morutegi wa Sepanishe [[Bernardino León]].&lt;ref&gt;Fadel Senna (2 September 2015). [https://news.yahoo.com/photos/bernardino-leon-special-representative-head-united-nations-support-photo-200131803.html &quot;Bernardino Leon, Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya, delivers a speech during UN-brokered talks in Skhirat, Morocco, on August 28, 2015 | View photo – Yahoo News&quot;. Yahoo! News.] Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122322/http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2015/01/27/video-remarks-by-srsg-bernardino-leon-on-talks/ &quot;Video: Remarks by SRSG Bernardino Leon on Talks&quot;]. 27 January 2015. Archived from [http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2015/01/27/video-remarks-by-srsg-bernardino-leon-on-talks/ the original] on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;UN tshegetso ya SRSG-led thulaganyo ya puisano e e tsweletseng go tlaleletsa tiro e e tlwaelegileng ya United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MENARegion/Pages/LYProgramme.aspx &quot;OHCHR in Libya&quot;.] ''Ohchr.org''. 17 September 2012. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160424053019/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MENARegion/Pages/LYProgramme.aspx Archived] from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya  Phukwi ngwaga wa 2015 SRSG Leon o ne a begela Khansele ya Tshireletsego ya UN ka kgatelopele ya ditherisano, tse ka nako eo di neng di sa tswa go fitlhelela tumelano ya sepolotiki ka kgwedi ya  Phukwi e le lesome le bongwe e e neng e tlhalosa &quot;thulaganyo e e akaretsang... go akaretsa melaometheo e e kaelang... ditheo le mekgwa ya go tsaya ditshwetso go kaela phetogo go fitlha go amogelwa molaotheo wa leruri&quot;. Dipuisano, ditherisano le dipuisano di ne tsa tswelela pele mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa  2015 kwa mafelong a a farologaneng a boditšhabatšhaba, go fitlha kwa Skhirat kwa Morocco kwa tshimologong ya kgwedi ya  Lwetse. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/undpa/speeches-statements/15072015/libya &quot;15 July 2015, Security Council briefing on the situation in Libya, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Libya Bernardino Leon | Department of Political Affairs&quot;.] United Nations. 15 July 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023061451/http://www.un.org/undpa/speeches-statements/15072015/libya Archived] from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Miles, Tom (4 September 2015). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-talks-idUSKCN0R428N20150905 &quot;U.N. sees Libya talks entering final mile, eyes Sept. 20 deal&quot;.] ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151023060912/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/05/us-libya-security-talks-idUSKCN0R428N20150905 Archived] from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Gape ka ngwaga wa 2015, jaaka karolo ya tshegetso e e tsweletseng go tswa mo morafeng wa boditšhabatšhaba, Khansele ya Ditshwanelo tsa Botho ya UN e kopile pegelo ka ga seemo sa Libya&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/28/L.7/Rev.1 &quot;United Nations Official Document&quot;]. United Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604074058/http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2FHRC%2F28%2FL.7%2FRev.1 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15771&amp;LangID=E &quot;Human Rights Council adopts eight resolutions and closes twenty-eighth session&quot;.] ''Ohchr.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160424055015/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15771&amp;LangID=E Archived] from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;le Mokomišenara wa Ditshwanelo tsa Botho, [[Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein,]] o tlhomile setheo sa dipatlisiso (OIOL) go bega ka ga ditshwanelo tsa botho le go aga sesha tsamaiso ya bosiamisi ya Libya. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/OIOL.aspx &quot;OHCHR Investigation on Libya&quot;.] ''Ohchr.org''. 1 January 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401234723/http://ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/Pages/OIOL.aspx Archived] from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Libya e e neng e tletse ka tlhakatlhakano e ne ya nna lefelo le legolo la go feta la batho ba ba neng ba leka go ya kwa Yuropa. Magareng ga ngwaga wa 2013 le wa 2018, batho ba ba ka nnang 700,000 ba ne ba goroga kwa Italy ka mokoro, bontsi jwa bone ba tswa kwa Libya.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-migrants-africa/african-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD &quot;African migrants fear for future as Italy struggles with surge in arrivals&quot;]. ''Reuters''. 18 July 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190402002627/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-migrants-africa/african-migrants-fear-for-future-as-italy-struggles-with-surge-in-arrivals-idUSKBN1A30QD Archived] from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thelocal.it/20180521/what-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants &quot;What will Italy's new government mean for migrants?&quot;]. ''The Local Italy''. 21 May 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190401231010/https://www.thelocal.it/20180521/what-will-italys-new-government-mean-for-migrants Archived] from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa  2018 baeteledipele ba Libya ba ne ba dumelana go tshwara ditlhopho tsa palamente le tsa bo Tautona morago ga kopano kwa Paris.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/05/libya-rival-leaders-agree-hold-elections-december-180529082326218.html &quot;Libya's rival leaders agree to hold elections in December&quot;.] Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200918003214/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/05/libya-rival-leaders-agree-hold-elections-december-180529082326218.html Archived] from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 2019, Khalifa Haftar o ne a simolola Operation Flood of Dignity, mo tlhaselong ya Lebotho la Bosetšhaba la Libya e e neng e ikaeletse go gapa dinaga tsa Bophirima go tswa go Government of National Accord (GNA). &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48000672 &quot;Clashes erupt south of Libyan capital&quot;.] 20 April 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210526211007/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48000672 Archived] from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya  Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2019, masole a a neng a le kgatlhanong le Puso ya Libya ya Tumalano ya Bosetšhaba e e lemogilweng ke Lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng a ne a kgona go gapa [[Gharyan]], toropo e e botlhokwa e molaodi wa sesole e bong Khalifa Haftar le batlhabani ba gagwe ba neng ba le kwa go yone. Go ya ka sebueledi sa GNA, Mustafa al-Mejii, balwela-kgolwane ba LNA ba ba neng ba le ka fa tlase ga Haftar ba ne ba bolawa, fa bonnye ba le lesome le borobabongwe ba ne ba tshwarwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://thedefensepost.com/2019/06/27/libya-gna-forces-capture-gharyan-haftar-lna/ &quot;Libya government forces capture key town from Haftar's fighters&quot;.] ''The Defense Post''. 27 June 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210526205614/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2019/06/27/libya-gna-forces-capture-gharyan-haftar-lna/ Archived] from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya  Mopitlwe ngwaga wa  2020, puso ya Fayez Al-Sarraj e e neng e engwe nokeng ke UN e ne ya simolola [[Operation Peace Storm.]] Puso e ne ya simolola go dira kopo eno e le go araba ditlhaselo tse di neng di dirwa ke LNA ya ga Field Marshal Haftar. &quot;Re puso ya semolao, ya selegae e e tlotlang ditlamego tsa yone mo setšhabeng sa boditšhabatšhaba, mme e ineetse segolo mo bathong ba yone mme e na le maikarabelo a go sireletsa baagi ba yone&quot;, Sarraj o ne a rialo go ya ka tshwetso ya gagwe. &lt;ref&gt;[https://theunionjournal.com/sarraj-announces-launch-of-operation-peace-storm-in-response-to-haftar-attacks-middle-east-monitor/ &quot;Sarraj announces launch of Operation Peace Storm in response to Haftar attacks&quot;.] ''The Union Journal''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210623112331/https://www.theunionjournal.com/sarraj-announces-launch-of-operation-peace-storm-in-response-to-haftar-attacks-middle-east-monitor/ Archived] from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa  2020, BBC Africa Eye le BBC Arabic Documentaries di senotse gore drone e e neng e dirisiwa ke [[United Arab Emirates]] (UAE) e bolaile baithuti ba le masome a mabedi le borataro kwa sekolong sa sesole kwa Tripoli, ka kgwedi ya Ferekgong e tlhola gane. Bontsi jwa baithuti bano e ne e le basha ba ba mo dingwageng tsa bolesome mme go ne go se ope wa bone yo o neng a tlhometse. Drone e e dirilweng kwa China e e bidiwang Wing Loong II e ne ya thunya sefofane sa Blue Arrow 7, se se neng se dirisiwa go tswa kwa Al-Khadim kwa Libya e e laolwang ke UAE. Ka Tlhakole, difofane tseno tse di sa dirisiweng ke motho tse di neng di le kwa Libya di ne tsa fudusediwa kwa bothibelelong jwa difofane gaufi le Siwa kwa sekakeng sa bophirima jwa Egepeto. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53917791 &quot;UAE implicated in lethal drone strike in Libya&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 28 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201211090852/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53917791 Archived] from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Guardian]]'' e ne ya tlhotlhomisa le go ribolola tlolo e e totobetseng ya thibelo ya dibetsa ya [[UN]] ke [[UAE]] le [[Turkey]] ka kgwedi ya Phalane e tlhola ga supa ngwaga wa 2020. Go ya ka pegelo, dinaga ka bobedi di rometse difofane tsa dithoto tsa sesole tse dikgolo kwa Libya go tshegetsa makoko a tsona. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/oct/07/turkey-and-uae-openly-flouting-un-arms-embargo-to-fuel-war-in-libya &quot;Turkey and UAE openly flouting UN arms embargo to fuel war in Libya&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. 7 October 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210627094735/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/oct/07/turkey-and-uae-openly-flouting-un-arms-embargo-to-fuel-war-in-libya Archived] from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya  Phalane ngwaga wa 2020, go ne ga saenwa tumalano ya go emisa ntwa ka bosakhutleng go fedisa ntwa. &lt;ref&gt;Nebehay, Stephanie; McDowall, Angus (23 October 2020). Jones, Gareth; Maclean, William (eds.). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-ceasefire/warring-libya-rivals-sign-truce-but-tough-political-talks-ahead-idUSKBN2781BD?il=0 &quot;Warring Libya rivals sign truce but tough political talks ahead&quot;.] [[:en:Reuters|''Reuters''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210203235018/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-ceasefire/warring-libya-rivals-sign-truce-but-tough-political-talks-ahead-idUSKBN2781BD?il=0 Archived] from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== '''Dingwaga tsa morago ga ntwa ya selegae (2020 go fitlha gompieno)''' ===
Ka kgwedi ya  Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2021, ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa mopresidente di ne di rulagantswe, mme di ne tsa diegisiwa go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2022&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/23/why-libya-election-got-postponed &quot;Why Libya's election got postponed: A quick guide&quot;.] ''Al Jazeera''. 23 December 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220428143759/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/23/why-libya-election-got-postponed Archived] from the original on 28 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;mme moragonyana tsa busediwa morago.

[[Fathi Bashagha]] o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tonakgolo ke palamente ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa  2022 go etelela pele tsamaiso ya nakwana, mme tonakgolo ya leruri [[Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh]] o ne a gana go neela puso go tloga ka kgwedi ya  Moranang ngwaga wa  2022. Go ipelaetsa kgatlhanong le puso ya Dbeibah, baeteledipele ba morafe go tswa kwa motseng wa sekaka wa Ubari ba ne ba tswala lefelo la oli la El Sharara, lefelo le legolo la oli kwa Libya, ka kgwedi ya 18 Moranang  ngwaga wa 2022. Go tswalwa ga madirelo go ne go tshosetsa go baka tlhaelo ya oli mo Libya, le go thibela National Oil Corp. go dirisa ditheko tse di kwa godimo tsa oli mo mmarakeng wa boditšhabatšhaba ka ntlha ya tlhaselo ya Russia kwa Ukraine. &lt;ref&gt;Magdy, Samy (18 April 2022). [https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/libyas-largest-oil-field-closed-turmoil-intensifies-84146310 &quot;Libya's largest oil field closed as turmoil intensifies&quot;]. ''[[:en:ABC_News_(United_States)|ABC News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220419011048/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/libyas-largest-oil-field-closed-turmoil-intensifies-84146310 Archived] from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e tlhola bobedi, Ntlo ya Baemedi e ne ya tshubiwa ke batsuolodi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62018882 &quot;Libya protesters storm parliament building in Tobruk&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 2 July 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220704191615/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62018882 Archived] from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka  kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome ngwaga wa  2023, merwalela e e maswe e e bakilweng ke go palelwa ga matamo a a bakilweng ke Kgwanyape Daniel e ne ya senya toropo ya boemakepe ya Derna, mme ya bolaya batho ba feta 5,900 mme gongwe ba le 24,000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/09/year-rebuilding-libyas-flood-hit-derna-plagued-politics &quot;A year on, rebuilding Libya's flood-hit Derna plagued by politics&quot;.] [[:en:Al-Monitor|Al-Monitor]]. 7 September 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Merwalela e ne e le masetlapelo a tlholego a a maswe go gaisa mo ditsong tsa  segompieno tsa Libya&lt;ref&gt;Ndebele, Lenin. [https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/a-storm-caused-devastation-in-libya-but-politics-may-be-its-biggest-problem-in-the-aftermath-20231003 &quot;A storm caused devastation in Libya, but politics may be its biggest problem in the aftermath&quot;.] News24. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231004014657/https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/a-storm-caused-devastation-in-libya-but-politics-may-be-its-biggest-problem-in-the-aftermath-20231003 Archived] from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2024, Mmuso wa Kopano ya Bosetšhaba o ne o tla tlhoma sepodisi sa maitsholo go gagamatsa &quot;dithunya tsa moriri tse di sa tlwaelegang&quot;, go pateletsa &quot;diaparo tse di bori&quot;, le go tlhoka batlhokomedi ba banna ba basadi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/fears-religious-freedom-libya-proposes-new-morality-police &quot;Libyan Government reinstates morality police&quot;.] ''Middle East Eye''. Retrieved 12 November 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dipopego tsa lefatshe ==
[[Setshwantsho:Koppen-Geiger Map LBY present.svg|thumb|Moalo wa Libya wa go kgaoganya tlelaemete ya Köppen]]
Libya e na le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le 1,759,540, e leng se se dirang gore e nne naga ya bo lesome le borataro e kgolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka bogolo. Libya e fa gare ga Lewatle la Mediterranean kwa bokone, Tunisia le [[Algeria]] kwa bophirima, Niger kwa borwabophirima, Chad kwa borwa, Sudan kwa borwabotlhaba le Egepeto kwa botlhaba. Libya e fa gare ga 19° le 34°N, le 9° le 26°E. 

Lebopo la lewatle la Libya le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,770 mme ke lone le leleele go gaisa dinaga tsotlhe tsa Afrika tse di bapileng le lewatle la Mediterranean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20040426000721/http://www.educationlibya.org/country_profile.htm &quot;Libya Background&quot;]. Education Libya. 30 March 2004. Archived from [http://www.educationlibya.org/country_profile.htm the original] on 26 April 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html &quot;Field Listings – Coastlines&quot;.] ''The World Factbook''. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html the original] on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Karolo ya Lewatle la Mediterranean e e kwa bokone jwa Libya gantsi e bidiwa Lewatle la Libya. Tlelaemete ya teng e omeletse thata e bile e tshwana le sekaka. Le fa go ntse jalo, dikgaolo tse di kwa bokone di itumelela tlelaemete e e bonolo ya Mediterranean. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125808/http://www.southtravels.com/africa/libya/weather.html &quot;Weather and Climate in Libya&quot;]. Southtravels.com. Archived from [http://www.southtravels.com/africa/libya/weather.html the original] on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Di-ecoregion tse thataro di mo melelwaneng ya Libya: [[Saharan halophytics, Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe, Mediterranean woodlands and forests, North Saharan steppe and woodlands, Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands, le West Saharan montane xeric woodlands.]]&lt;ref&gt;Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287 &quot;An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm&quot;]. ''BioScience''. '''67''' (6): 534–545. doi:[[doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014|10.1093/biosci/bix014]]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568 0006-3568.] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287 5451287]. PMID [[28608869.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dikotsi tsa tlholego di tla ka sebopego sa sirocco e e mogote, e e omileng, e e tletseng lerole (e e bidiwang gibli kwa Libya). Eno ke phefo e e tswang kwa borwa e e fokang letsatsi le le lengwe go ya go a le manè ka dikgakologo le ka letlhabula. Gape go na le ditsuatsue tsa lerole le tsa motlhaba. Di-oasis di ka fitlhelwa gape di phatlaletse go ralala Libya, tse di botlhokwa go gaisa ke [[Ghadames]] le [[Kufra]]. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160810022226/http://heindorffhus.motivsamler.dk/worldheritage/frame-LibyaGhadames.htm &quot;Old Town of Ghadames (1986) Libyan Arab Jamahirya&quot;.] ''World Cultural Heritage''. 20 July 2006. Archived from [http://heindorffhus.motivsamler.dk/worldheritage/frame-LibyaGhadames.htm the original] on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;Libya ke nngwe ya dinaga tse di nang le letsatsi thata le tse di omileng thata mo lefatsheng ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga tikologo ya sekaka.

Libya e tlhasetswe thata ke ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya tlelaemete mme ga e a ipaakanyetsa go lebana le tsone.&lt;ref&gt;University of Notre Dame (2022). [https://gain.nd.edu/our-work/country-index/rankings/ &quot;ND-GAIN Country Index&quot;.] ''Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative''. Retrieved 5 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;UNDP; UNICEF; IOM UN Migration; COP 27 (October 2022). [https://libya.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl931/files/documents/UN%20Climate%20Change%20Factsheet%20Libya.pdf &quot;UN Climate Change Fact Sheet: Libya&quot; (PDF).]&lt;/ref&gt;Ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya tlelaemete kwa Libya, jaaka go fetoga sekaka, go tlhatloga ga metsi a lewatle, merwalela, le maemo a bosa a a sa tlwaelegang di setse di lemotshega mme go solofetswe gore di oketsege.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;Tsona di tlisa matshosetsi a magolo mo temothuong ya Libya, dijo le tshireletsego ya metsi le tlhabololo ya itsholelo le tswelelopele.&lt;ref&gt;UNDP. [https://www.undp.org/libya/environment-and-climate-change &quot;Libya: Environment and Climate Change&quot;]. ''UNDP''. Retrieved 5 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal. [https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/libya &quot;Libya&quot;.] ''climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org''. Retrieved 5 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Libya e ne e le naga ya ntlha kwa Afrika Bokone mo go sireletseng mefuta ya ditshedi, ka go tlhomiwa ga lefelo le le sireleditsweng la El Kouf ka ngwaga wa 1975. Go wa ga puso ya ga Muammar Gaddafi go ne ga dira gore go nne le go tsoma go go tseneletseng: &quot;Pele Gaddafi a wa tota le ditlhobolo tsa go tsoma di ne di thibetswe. Mme fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa  2011, go ntse go tsomiwa ka dibetsa tsa ntwa le ka dikoloi tse di raraaneng tse mo go tsone go ka fitlhelwang ditlhogo tsa dikgama di le makgolo a mabedi tse di bolailweng ke masole a a tsomang fela go itlosa bodutu. Gape re bona go tlhaga ga batsomi ba ba sa amaneng ka gope le merafe e e neng e tlhola e tsoma. Di thuntsha sengwe le sengwe se di se bonang, tota le ka nako ya fa di tsala. Dinonyane tse di fetang 500 000 di bolawa ka tsela eno ngwaga le ngwaga, fa mafelo a a sireleditsweng a gapiwa ke dikgosana tsa ditso tse di a tsereng. Diphologolo tse di kileng tsa bo di nna koo di nyeletse tsotlhe, di a tsomiwa fa di jewa kgotsa di gololwa fa di sa jewe&quot;, go tlhalosa jalo moitse wa diphologolo Khaled Ettaieb.&lt;ref&gt;[https://orientxxi.info/magazine/le-maghreb-prend-conscience-du-declin-de-sa-biodiversite,4034 &quot;Le Maghreb prend conscience du déclin de sa biodiversité&quot;.] 4 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210415011801/https://orientxxi.info/magazine/le-maghreb-prend-conscience-du-declin-de-sa-biodiversite,4034 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sekaka sa Libya ===
[[Setshwantsho:Libyan Desert - 2006.jpg|thumb|Libya ke lefatshe le  bontsi jwa yone e leng sekaka. Go feta 95% ya naga e apesitswe ke sekaka. ]]
Sekaka sa Libya, se se akaretsang bontsi jwa Libya, ke nngwe ya mafelo a a omeletseng le a a omisitsweng ke letsatsi mo lefatshen.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; Mo mafelong mangwe, go ka feta masomesome a dingwaga pula e sa ne, mme le kwa dithabeng pula e na ka sewelo, gangwe fela mo dingwageng dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano goya ko go tse lesome. Kwa Uweinat, go tloga ka ngwaga wa  2006 pula ya bofelo e e neng ya begiwa e ne e le ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;András Zboray. [http://www.fjexpeditions.com/frameset/florafauna.htm &quot;Flora and Fauna of the Libyan Desert&quot;]. Fliegel Jezerniczky Expeditions. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121208062321/http://www.fjexpeditions.com/frameset/florafauna.htm Archived] from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Water Stress, Top Countries (2020).svg|thumb|Libya ke lefatshe la bonè mo lefatsheng le le nang le bothata jo bogolo jwa metsi.]]
Ka tsela e e tshwanang, themperetšha ya kwa Sekakeng sa Libya e ka nna kwa godimo thata; ka 13 Lwetse 1922, toropo ya [['Aziziya,]] e e leng kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Tripoli,]] e ne ya rekota themperetšha ya mowa ya 58 °C (136.4 °F), e e tsewang e le rekoto ya lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130202020747/http://www.extremescience.com/hottest.htm &quot;How Hot is Hot?&quot;.] Extreme Science. Archived from [http://www.extremescience.com/hottest.htm the original] on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature &quot;World: Highest Temperature&quot;]. ''World Weather / Climate Extremes Archive''. Arizona State University. 2012. Archived from [http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature the original] on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;El Fadli, KI; et al. (September 2012). [[doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1|&quot;World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58 °C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)&quot;.]] ''Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society''. '''94''' (2): 199. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013BAMS...94..199E 2013BAMS...94..199E.] doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1. ISSN 0003-0007.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ngwaga wa 2012, rekoto ya lefatshe ya 58 °C e ne ya tsewa e se boammaaruri ke [[World Meteorological Organization]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Westcott, Tom (15 September 2012). [http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/09/15/libya-loses-worlds-hottest-place-record/ &quot;Libya loses 'world's hottest place' record&quot;.] ''Libya Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130820231702/http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/09/15/libya-loses-worlds-hottest-place-record/ Archived] from the original on 20 August 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go na le mafelo a mannye a a gasagasameng a go sa nneng ope mo go one, a gantsi a amanngwang le mafelo a magolo a a kwa tlase, koo metsi a ka bonwang teng ka go epa go ya boteng jwa dimetara di le mmalwa. Kwa bophirima go na le setlhopha sa di-oasis tse di phatlaletseng mo dikgaolong tse di kwa tlase tse di sa amaneng, setlhopha sa Kufra, se se nang le Tazerbo, Rebianae le [[Kufra]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; Kwa ntle ga dithaba tse di kwa godimo, boalo jo bo sephaphathi bo kgaupediwa fela ke metseletsele ya dithaba tse di kwa godimo le dithaba tse di kwa godimo gaufi le bogare jwa Sekaka sa Libya, go dikologa go kopana ga melelwane ya Egepeto-Sudanese-Libya.

Go se kae go ela kwa borwa go na le dithaba tse dikgolo tsa Arkenu, Uweinat le Kissu. Dithaba tseno tsa granite ke tsa bogologolo, di ne tsa bopiwa bogologolo pele ga maje a motlhaba a a di dikologileng. Arkenu le Uweinat Bophirima ke mafelo a a tshwanang thata le a a mo Dithabeng tsa Aïr. Uweinat Botlhaba (e leng ntlha e e kwa godimo go gaisa mo Sekakeng sa Libya) ke lefelo le le kwa godimo la matlapa a motlhaba le le bapileng le karolo ya granite e e kwa bophirima. &lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;

Lefelo le le kwa bokone jwa Uweinat le tletse ka mafelo a a sentsweng ke lekgwamolelo. Fa go ne go ribololwa oli ka bo ngwaga wa 1950, go ne ga ribololwa gape le karolo e kgolo ya lefatshe le le nang le metsi le le kafa tlase ga karolo e kgolo ya Libya. Metsi a a mo teng ga [[Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System]] a simolotse pele ga metlha ya bofelo ya dikgapetla le Sekaka sa Sahara ka bosone. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_562.html &quot;Fossil Water in Libya&quot;]. NASA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130218110002/http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_562.html Archived] from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Lefelo leno gape le na le dikago tsa Arkenu, tse pele go neng go akanngwa gore ke dikhuti tse pedi tsa thulo.&lt;ref&gt;Cigolini, C, C Laiolo, and M Rossetti (2012) ''Endogenous and nonimpact origin of the Arkenu circular structures (al-Kufrah basin-SE Libya)'' Meteoritics &amp; Planetary Science. 47(11):1772–1788.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Polotiki ==
[[Setshwantsho:Palazzo Reale di Tripoli.jpg|thumb|Ntlo ya segosi ya Tripoli, ntlo-kgolo ya Kgosi Idris]]
Dipolotiki tsa kwa Libya di ntse di le mo maemong a tlhakatlhakano fa e sale go simologa ga Dikgakologo tsa Maarabia le go tsereganya ga NATO go go amanang le Mathata a Libya ka ngwaga wa 2011; mathata a ne a felela ka go phutlhama ga Jamahiriya ya Maarabia ya Libya le polao ya Muammar Gaddafi, fa gare ga Ntwa ya Pele ya Selegae le tsereganyo ya sesole sa kwa ntle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210210-libya-mired-in-chaos-10-years-after-arab-spring &quot;Libya mired in chaos 10 years after Arab Spring&quot;]. [[:en:France_24|''France 24''.]] 10 February 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210065147/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210210-libya-mired-in-chaos-10-years-after-arab-spring Archived] from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211019-10-years-since-kadhafi-death-stability-still-eludes-libya 10 years since Kadhafi death, stability still eludes Libya&quot;]. [[:en:France_24|''France 24''.]] 19 October 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019034550/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211019-10-years-since-kadhafi-death-stability-still-eludes-libya Archived] from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-05/07/c_139928992.htm &quot;Feature: Libyans struggling in poverty, chaos 10 years after NATO intervention&quot;.] ''[[:en:Xinhua_News_Agency|Xinhua News Agency]]''. 7 May 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220214012909/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-05/07/c_139928992.htm Archived] from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;Mathata a ne a tsenelela ka ntlha ya tirisodikgoka ya makoko morago ga Ntwa ya Selegae ya Ntlha, e e feleletseng ka go runya ga Ntwa ya Selegae ya Bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2014. Taolo ya naga e kgaogantswe magareng ga Ntlo ya Baemedi (HoR) kwa Tobruk le Puso ya Kopano ya Bosetšhaba (GNU) kwa Tripoli le batshegetsi ba bona, mmogo le ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa jihadist le ditlhopha tsa merafe tse di laolang dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;Pelham, Nicolas (February 2015). [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2015/feb/19/libya-against-itself/ &quot;Libya Against Itself&quot;]. ''The New York Review of Books''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221014045423/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2015/feb/19/libya-against-itself/ Archived] from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Fadel, L. [https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/08/26/343444450/libyas-crisis-a-shattered-airport-two-parliaments-many-factions &quot;Libya's Crisis: A Shattered Airport, Two Parliaments, Many Factions&quot;.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150426075812/http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/08/26/343444450/libyas-crisis-a-shattered-airport-two-parliaments-many-factions Archived] 2015-04-26 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Muammar al-Gaddafi 1-1.jpg|thumb|Gaddafi e ne e le moeteledipele wa Libya go fitlha ka Ntwa ya Selegae ya ngwaga wa 2011]]
Kgotlapeomolao ya pele e ne e le [[General National Congress,]] e e neng e na le ditulo di le makgolo a mabedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171011021137/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2101.html &quot;Legislative Branch&quot;.] ''The World Factbook''. Archived from [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2101.html the original] on 11 October 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;[[General National Congress]] (2014), e leng palamente e e ganetsanang e e sa lemogeng e e leng kwa motsemoshate wa Tripoli, e ipolela fa e le tsweletso ya semolao ya GNC. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-parliaments-idUSKBN0GP18S20140825 &quot;Libya's ex-parliament reconvenes, appoints Omar al-Hasi as PM&quot;.] ''Reuters''. 25 August 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112343/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/25/us-libya-security-parliaments-idUSKBN0GP18S20140825 Archived] from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/12/28/egypt-reiterates-support-libyas-legitimate-institutions-amid-deepening-crisis/ &quot;Egypt reiterates support for 'Libya's legitimate institutions' amid deepening crisis&quot;.] ''Daily News Egypt''. 28 December 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150408061506/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/12/28/egypt-reiterates-support-libyas-legitimate-institutions-amid-deepening-crisis/ Archived] from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya  Phukwi e tlhola ga supa ngwaga wa 2012, batho ba Libya ba ne ba tlhopha mo ditlhophong tsa palamente, ditlhopho tsa ntlha tse di gololosegileng mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 40.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;[http://www.english.rfi.fr/middle-east/20130204-encouraging-Libyan-women-play-greater-role-politics &quot;Encouraging Libyan women to play a greater role in politics&quot;.] Radio France Internationale. 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Basadi ba ba ka nnang masome mararo ba ne ba tlhophiwa go nna maloko a palamente. &lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;Dipholo tsa ntlha tsa ditlhopho di bontshitse fa National Forces Alliance, e eteletswe pele ke Tonakgolo ya maloba ya nakwana Mahmoud Jibril, e le yone e e leng kwa pele. &lt;ref&gt;Stephen, Chris (10 July 2012). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/10/muslim-brotherhood-expectations-libyan-election &quot;Muslim Brotherhood fell 'below expectations' in Libyan elections&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. London. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131109195509/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/10/muslim-brotherhood-expectations-libyan-election Archived] from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Mokgatlho wa Tshiamiso le Kago, o o amanang le Bokaulengwe jwa Bamoseleme, o dirile go le gonnye go na le mekgatlho e e tshwanang kwa Egepeto le Tunisia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;[https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21569418-muslim-brotherhood-looks-likely-make-further-gains-knack &quot;The knack of organisation&quot;]. ''The Economist''. London. 12 January 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180108062656/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21569418-muslim-brotherhood-looks-likely-make-further-gains-knack Archived] from the original on 8 January 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;E ne ya fenya ditulo di lelesome le bosupa mo go di le masome a robabobedi tse di neng di ganetsanwa ke makoko, mme ba ba ikemetseng ba ka nna masome a marataro ba ne ba tsenela setlhopha sa yone. &lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;Go tloga ka kgwedi ya  Ferikgong,nwaga wa  2013, go ne go na le kgatelelo e e golang ya setšhaba mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba go tlhoma setheo sa go kwala go dira molaotheo o mošwa. Khonkerese e ne e ise e swetse gore a maloko a lekgotla a tla tlhophiwa kgotsa a tlhomiwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/sc10902.doc.htm &quot;In Libya, New Government Has Expressed Determination to Tackle Major Internal Problems, Including Precarious Security Situation, Security Council Told&quot;] (Press release). United Nations. 29 January 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131212231408/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/sc10902.doc.htm Archived] from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya  Mopitlwe e le masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2014, General National Congress e ne ya tlhopha go iphetola ka Ntlo e ntšhwa ya Baemedi. Kgotlapeomolao e ntšhwa e neelana ka ditulo di le masome a mararo go basadi, e tla nna le ditulo di le makgolo a mabedi ka kakaretso (go na le batho ba ba kgonang go tsenela jaaka ditokololo tsa makoko a sepolotiki) mme e letlelela MaLibya a merafe e sele go tsenela ofisi. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/03/30/congress-votes-to-replace-itself-with-new-house-of-representatives/ &quot;Congress votes to replace itself with new House of Representatives&quot;.] ''Libya Herald''. 30 March 2014. [http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20140331000000/http://www.libyaherald.com/2014/03/30/congress-votes-to-replace-itself-with-new-house-of-representatives/ Archived] from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa 2012, Freedom House e ne ya tokafatsa seemo sa Libya go tswa go Not Free go ya go Partly Free, mme jaanong e tsaya naga e le temokerasi ya ditlhopho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/libya &quot;Libya&quot;]. ''Freedom in the World 2013''. Freedom House. 9 January 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130203094555/http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2013/libya Archived] from the original on 3 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Gaddafi o ne a kopanya dikgotlatshekelo tsa selegae le tsa Sharia ka ngwaga wa  1973. Dikgotlatshekelo tsa selegae jaanong di dirisa baatlhodi ba sharia ba ba nnang mo dikgotlatshekelong tsa boikuelo tse di tlwaelegileng mme ba itse thata ka dikgetsi tsa boikuelo tsa sharia. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130212203803/http://www.law.emory.edu/ifl/legal/libya.htm &quot;Libya&quot;.] Law.emory.edu. Archived from [http://www.law.emory.edu/ifl/legal/libya.htm the original] on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Melao e e malebana le maemo a motho ka sebele e tswa mo molaong wa Seiselamo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Libya-Gender-Eqaulity-Profile-2011.pdf &quot;Libya Gender Equality Profile&quot;] (PDF). Unicef. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130502222708/http://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Libya-Gender-Eqaulity-Profile-2011.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Mo kopanong ya Komiti ya Palamente ya Yuropa ya Merero ya Boditšhabatšhaba ka 2 Sedimonthole 2014, Moemedi yo o Kgethegileng wa UN Bernardino León o tlhalositse Libya jaaka naga e e seng ya puso. &lt;ref&gt;[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/12/03/Libya-has-moved-from-dictatorship-to-no-state-U-N-envoy.html &quot;Libya moved from dictatorship to non-state: U.N. envoy&quot;.] Al Arabiya News. 2 December 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141216202853/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/12/03/Libya-has-moved-from-dictatorship-to-no-state-U-N-envoy.html Archived] from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;Tumelano ya go bopa puso ya tshwaragano ya bosetšhaba e ne ya saenelwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa  2015. Ka fa tlase ga tumelano, Khansele ya Boporesitente ya maloko a le robongwe le Puso ya Nakwana ya Kgolagano ya Bosetšhaba ya maloko a le lesome le bosupa e tla bopiwa, ka maikaelelo a go tshwara ditlhopho tse dintšhwa mo dingwageng di le pedi. Ntlo ya Baemedi e tla tswelela go nna teng jaaka lekgotla la molao le lekgotla la kgakololo, le le tla itsiweng jaaka Khansele ya Puso, le tla bopiwa ka maloko a a tlhophilweng ke General National Congress (2014).&lt;ref&gt;[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2015/12/25/Libyan-deal-on-course-but-who-is-on-board-.html &quot;Libyan deal on course, but who is on board?&quot;.] Al Arabiya. 25 December 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160128175153/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2015/12/25/Libyan-deal-on-course-but-who-is-on-board-.html Archived] from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tlhamiwa ga puso ya nakwana ya tshwaragano go ne ga itsisiwe ka kgwedi ya  Tlhakole e rogwa ngwaga wa  2021, morago ga gore maloko a yona a tlhophiwe ke Foramo ya Puisano ya Sepolotiki ya Libya (LPDF). &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/5/libyas-factions-head-into-runoff-on-interim-government &quot;UN-led Libya forum selects new interim government&quot;.] ''www.aljazeera.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210220235724/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/5/libyas-factions-head-into-runoff-on-interim-government Archived] from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;Maloko a le masome a supa le bone a LPDF a ne a tlhopha maloko a le mane a a neng a tla tlatsa maemo a a akaretsang Tonakgolo le tlhogo ya Khansele yaTautona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;Morago ga gore go se nne le baemedi ba ba fitlheletseng 60% ya palo ya ba ba neng ba tlhopha, ditlhopha tse pedi tse di neng di le kwa pele di ne tsa gaisana mo ditlhophong tsa bobedi.[ 180] [[Mohamed al-Menfi,]] yo e kileng ya bo e le moemedi kwa Greece, o ne a nna tlhogo ya Khansele ya Tautona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55955228 &quot;Libya crisis: Vote to unite splintered nation&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 5 February 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210415002202/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55955228 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ntse go le jalo, LPDF e netefaditse gore [[Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh]], rakgwebo, e tla nna Tonakgolo ya nakwana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt; Bakgethi botlhe ba ba neng ba tsenela ditlhopho tseno, go akaretsa le maloko a setlhopha se se fentseng, ba ne ba solofetsa go tlhoma basadi mo go 30% ya maemo a a kwa godimo a puso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt; Boradipolotiki ba ba tlhophilweng go etelela pele puso ya nakwana kwa tshimologong ba dumetse go se eme mo ditlhophong tsa bosetšhaba tse di rulagantsweng ka kgwedi ya   Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2021. &lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh o ne a itsise ka ga go nna ga gagwe moporesidente le fa a ne a thibetswe go dira jalo ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2021.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/22/interim-leader-dbeibah-to-run-for-libyan-elections &quot;Interim leader Abdul Hamid Dbeibah to run for Libyan presidency&quot;.] ''www.aljazeera.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211123000252/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/22/interim-leader-dbeibah-to-run-for-libyan-elections Archived] from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo kwa Tripoli e ne ya gana dikopo tsa gore a se ka a tlhophiwa, mme ya letla Dbeibeh go boela mo lenaaneng la ba ba neng ba tlhophiwa, mmogo le ba bangwe ba ba neng ba tlhophiwa, ba ba neng ba rulaganyeditswe go tlhophiwa ka la kgwedi ya  Sedimonthole e le masome le bone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211202020058/https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/tripoli-appeals-court-reinstates-dbeibah-presidential-candidate &quot;Tripoli Appeals Court reinstates Dbeibah as presidential candidate | The Libya Observer&quot;.] ''www.libyaobserver.ly''. Archived from [https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/tripoli-appeals-court-reinstates-dbeibah-presidential-candidate the original] on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021&lt;/ref&gt;Le go feta, kgotlatshekelo e ne ya busetsa Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, morwa wa mmusaesi wa pele, jaaka mokgethisi wa Tautona. 184][185] Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa  2021, Khomišene ya Ditlhopho ya Libya e ne ya kopa gore ditlhopho di busediwe morago go fitlha ka kgwedi ya  Ferikgong e le masome a mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2022.[ Pelenyana ga moo, komiti ya palamente e ne ya re go ka se kgonege go tshwara ditlhopho ka kgwedi ya  Sedimonthole e le masome a mabedi le bone ngwaga wa   2021. 187] UN e kopile baeteledipele ba nakwana ba Libya go &quot;rarabolola ka bonako dikgoreletsi tsotlhe tsa semolao le tsa sepolotiki go tshwara ditlhopho, go akaretsa go konosetsa lenaane la ba ba batlang go nna moporesidente&quot;. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo motsotsong wa bofelo, ditlhopho di ne tsa busetswa morago go se na nako e e rileng mme setšhaba sa boditšhabatšhaba se dumetse go tswelela go tshegetsa le go amogela puso ya nakwana e e eteletsweng pele ke Rre Dbeibeh. 188][189] Go ya ka melawana e mešwa ya ditlhopho, tonakgolo e ntšhwa e na le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe go bopa kabinete e e tshwanetseng go dumelwa ke ditheo tse di farologaneng tsa puso mo Libya.[ 181] Morago ga gore kabinete e dumalane, puso ya tshwaragano e tla emisetsa &quot;balaodi botlhe ba ba tshwanang&quot; mo Libya, go akaretsa le Puso ya Tumalano ya Bosetšhaba kwa Tripoli le tsamaiso e e eteletsweng pele ke General Haftar.[ 181]

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    <title>Caitlin Clark</title>
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      <text bytes="3446" sha1="gtfdnkasfmspbr1e13wx64l4p2bgf3q" xml:space="preserve">'''Caitlin Elizabeth Clark''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Firikgong a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 2002) ke motshameki wa baseketebolo wa mo Amerika yo o tshamekelang [[Indiana Fever]] ya [[Women's National Basketball Association]] (WNBA). O tshamekile baseketebolo ya sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[Iowa Hawkeyes]] mme o tsewa e le mongwe wa batshameki ba bagolo ba baseketebolo ya sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro. Ke moeteledipele wa go nosa dino wa [[NCAA Division I]] gape o ne a nna motshameki wa bosetshaba wa ngwaga gabedi  fa a sa le kwa Hawkeyes. Esale ka tiro ya gagwe ya sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro, o thusitse baseketebolo ya basadi, mo tiragalong e e itsegeng ka go bidiwa &quot;Caitlin Clark effect&quot;.

Clark o tsene sekolong se segolo sa [[Dowling Catholic High School]] kwa motseng wa gaabo wa West Des Moines, Iowa, kwa a neng a bidiwa [[McDonald's All-American]]&lt;ref&gt;Rain, Matthew (January 23, 2020). [https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/sports/high-school/2020/01/23/caitlin-clark-iowa-hawkeyes-recruit-named-mcdonalds-all-american/4556375002/ &quot;Dowling Catholic's Caitlin Clark, an Iowa recruit, named McDonald's All-American&quot;]. ''Des Moines Register''. Retrieved 9 March 2025. &lt;q&gt;Clark is the first Iowa girl selected to the McDonald's All-American Game since 2011, when Linn-Mar's UConn-bound Kiah Stokes received the honor.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; mme a nna motshameki wa bone yo o gaisang mo setlhopheng sa gagwe ke [[ESPN]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.espn.com/high-school/girls-basketball/recruiting/player/_/id/225153/caitlin-clark &quot;Caitlin Clark (high school)&quot;]. ''ESPN''. ABC. Retrieved 9 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo setlheng sa gagwe le Iowa, o ne a etelela pele NCAA Division I  mo go noseng a bo a fiwa tlotla ya [[All-American]]. Fa a le mo ngwageng wa bobedi, Clark o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa ntlha sa All-american go sa oshaoshiwe&lt;ref&gt;Linder, Jeff (March 16, 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221210085947/https://www.thegazette.com/hawkeye-basketball/associated-press-unanimously-tabs-iowas-caitlin-clark-as-a-first-team-all-american/ &quot;Associated Press unanimously tabs Iowa's Caitlin Clark as a first-team All-American&quot;]. ''The Gazette''. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Retrieved 9 March 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; gape a fetoga motshameki wa ntlha wa basadi go etelela pele mo dintlheng le dithuso mo setlheng se le sengwe. Mo setlheng sa gagwe sa boraro, o ne a nna motshameki wa bosetshaba wa ngwaga. O ne a etelela Iowa pele go kwa motshamekong wa bone wa ntlha wa bosetshaba. Clark gape o ne a eteletse pele tiro ya Division I ya basadi le ya go nna moetapele mo setlheng sele sengwe ka dintlha le ka dino tse tharo gangwe mme gape a roba rekote ya dingwaga tsotlhe ya kgaolo ya go thusa dino, mme gape a etelela pele setshaba ka dintlha le dithuso.

Kwa maemong a boditshabatshaba a bonana, Clark o ne a fenya dietsele di le tharo tsa gauta le United States, go akaretsa tse pedi kwa [[FIBA Under-19 Women's World Cup]], kwa a neng a bidiwa Most Valuable Player ka 2021.

Ka 2024, O ne a tlhophiwa e le wa ntlha ka kakaretso ke Indian Fever ka ngwaga wa 2024. Ka setlha sa gagwe sa ntlha, o ne a fenya tlotla ya [[WNBA Rookie of the Year]] mme gape a tsena mo setlhopheng sa ntlha sa [[All-WNBA]] le [[WNBA All-Star Game]]. O ne a tlhoma rekote ya metshameko ya setlha se le sengwe le ya motshameko o le mongwe mo dithusong, a thuba rekote ya motshameki yo mosha ya dintlha tse di nositsweng, mme gape a nna motshameki yo mosha go dira triple-double.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kgosi</title>
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      <text bytes="5077" sha1="pvi6hvdgyq115pmqp8m04w9ied3zec8" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Kgosi Leruo Tshedkedi Molotlegi.jpg|thumb|300x300px|''Kgosi'' [[Leruo Tshekedi Molotlegi]], kgosi ya [[Morafe wa Bafokeng wa Segosi]]]]
'''Kgosi''' ([[:en:Help:IPA/English|/ˈkoʊsi/]]; go bidiwa ga [[Setswana]]: [[:en:Help:IPA|[ˈkχʊ.si])]] ke sereto sa moeteledipele wa boswa wa morafe wa batho ba [[Batswana]] le ba [[Aforika Borwa]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.yourdictionary.com/kgosi &quot;Kgosi dictionary definition | kgosi defined&quot;.] ''www.yourdictionary.com''. Retrieved 2020-05-26.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiriso ==
Lefoko &quot;kgosi&quot; ke lefoko la [[Setswana]] le le kayang &quot;kgosi&quot; kgotsa &quot;kgosi&quot;. Go ka tsenngwa [[:en:Affix|ditlhogwana]] tse di farologaneng mo lefokong go fetola bokao jwa lone: ​​go tsenya tlhogwana ''di-'' go dira popego ya bontsi ''[[dikgosi]]''; mogatlana wa bosadi ''[[-gadi]]'' o dira lefoko ''[[kgosigadi]]''; mme mogatlana wa letlhaodi ''[[-kgolo]]'', o o kayang ''&quot;''bogolo''&quot;,'' o tlhama ''[[kgosikgolo]]'', lefoko le le kayang &quot;moeteledipele yo mogolo&quot;.

Ke sereto se gantsi se fiwang [[batho ba maemo]] kwa Botswana le mafatshe a a mabapi kwa go nang le batho ba ba buang Setswana teng. Ofisi ya boeteledipele jwa morafe e bidiwa ''bogosi'' fa motho yo o tsayang ofisi e le ''kgosi''.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGovernment_of_Botswana2008|Government of Botswana 2008]], p. 2&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiro ==
[[Molao wa Bogosi]] wa 2008 o tlhalosa dithata tsa dikgosi. Go ya ka molao wa Bogosi, kgosi ya morafe o na le ditiro di le mmalwa: go tsamaisa morafe, go rulaganya diphuthego tsa [[kgotla]], le go sala melawana le dikgakololo tsa puso ya setshaba le maloko a morafe morago. Dikgosi tsa merafe e megolo e le robedi ya Batswana di nna maloko a [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]] ka botsone fela, e leng lekgotla la bogakolodi mo teng ga [[Palamente ya Botswana]].

Kgosi e na le bokgoni jwa go tlhoma ''mothusa kgosi'' yo o dirang jaaka moeteledipele wa nama o sa tshwere fa kgosi ene a sa kgone go dira tiro ya gagwe ka nakwana.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGovernment_of_Botswana2008|Government of Botswana 2008]], p. 4.&lt;/ref&gt; Se se farologana le ''motshwarelela bogosi'', ofisi e e tlhamiwang fa kgosi a sa kgone go dira tiro ya gagwe ruri mme go tlhokega kgosi yo o tla mo emisetsang.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGovernment_of_Botswana2008|Government of Botswana 2008]], p. 3&lt;/ref&gt;

Molao o o kgadilwe ke baeteledipele ba merafe ka ntlha ya ditekanyetso tsa dithata tsa kgosi.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGabzfm2011|Gabzfm 2011]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2010, Kgosi Kgafela II wa [[Bakgatla Clan name|morafe wa baKgatla]] o ne a latofadiwa ka go kgwathisa, mme o ne a nganga gore dikgosi di na le tshireletso mo taolong ya puso. Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana e ne ya kgaphela kgetse kwa thoko ka Motsheganong a le lesome le motso 2011, e bolela gore &quot;dikgosi ga di kake tsa dira kwa ntle ga [[molaotheo|molaomotheo]] le melao e e beilweng ke Palamente fa badiredi ba bangwe botlhe ba puso ba dira mo teng ga melelwane e e beilweng ke molao.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p. 157&lt;/ref&gt; Go tila ditshenyegelo tsa semolao tsa kgetse, Kgafela o ne a fudugela kwa [[Moruleng]],[[Aforika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]].&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Kgosi#CITEREFLetswamotse2012|Letswamotse 2012]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dinopolo ==

* Gabzfm (3 November 2011). [https://archive.today/20120718035028/http://gabzfmnews.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/dikgosi-wants-constitution-to-restore-their-powers/ &quot;Dikgosi wants constitution to restore their powers&quot;.] Archived from [http://gabzfmnews.wordpress.com/2011/11/03/dikgosi-wants-constitution-to-restore-their-powers/ the original] on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.

* Government of Botswana (30 April 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213607/http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/bot91578.pdf &quot;Bogosi Act&quot;] (PDF). Archived from [http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/bot91578.pdf the original] (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2012.

* Gulbrandsen, Ørnulf (March 2012). The State and the Social: State Formation in Botswana and Its Pre-Colonial and Colonial Genealogies. [[:en:New_York_City|New York City]]: Berghahn Books. p. 343. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780857452979|9780857452979]]. [[:en:LCCN_(identifier)|LCCN]] [https://lccn.loc.gov/2011037469 2011037469].

* Letswamotse, Phaladi (18 April 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170930131115/http://www.gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=13097%3Akgafela-is-broke&amp;catid=18%3Aheadlines&amp;Itemid=2 &quot;Kgafela is broke&quot;.]The Botswana Gazette. Archived from [http://www.gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=13097%3Akgafela-is-broke&amp;catid=18%3Aheadlines&amp;Itemid=2 the original] on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2012.

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Tse di kwa ntle ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120721220745/http://www.botswanaembassy.or.jp/culture/body2_1.html Traditional Government and Social Order] as explained by the Embassy of Botswana in Japan
* https://web.archive.org/web/20260123070129/https://www.sundaystandard.info/the-kgosi-chronicles-part-one-defining-the-problem/</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bolweladitshwanelo jwa hashtag</title>
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      <text bytes="68640" sha1="d96bobf2t3m34itkqzgpneuv6zoh0jp" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Green New Deal banner, 15 March 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hashtag mo pampiring ya megwanto ka 2019]]
'''Bolweladitshwanelo jwa hashtag''' e raya tiriso ya di-hashtag tsa social media go dira tiro ya bolweladitshwanelo mo maranyaneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473945562 &quot;#Feminism&quot;]. ''Sage Knowledge''. 2015. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4135/9781473945562|10.4135/9781473945562]]. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Hashtag e nnile nngwe ya ditsela tse dintsi tse social media e thusang ka yone go nna le seabe mo baaging le mekgatlho ya loago.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Humphreys, Ashlee (2016). ''[[oclc:908698924|Social media : enduring principles]]''. Oxford. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|978-0-19-932843-7]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/908698924 908698924]. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tiriso ya hashtag mo social media e fa badirisi tshono ya go abelana tshedimosetso le megopolo ka ga merero ya selegae ka tsela e ba bangwe (balatedi) ba ka dirisanang le go nna le seabe jaaka karolo ya puisano e kgolo e e nang le bokgoni jwa go tlisa phetogo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Mann, Alana (2017-12-22), [https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109930-9 &quot;Hashtag activism and the right to food in Australia&quot;], ''Digital Food Activism'', Routledge, pp. 168–184, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9781315109930-9|10.4324/9781315109930-9]], [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781315109930|9781315109930]]&lt;/bdi&gt;, retrieved 2022-03-06. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Hashtag ka boyone e na le lefoko kgotsa polelwana e e amanang le kgang ya selegae kgotsa ya sepolotiki, mme e rotloetsa lefelo le puo e ka diragalang mo go lone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350231528.ch-002 &quot;Spreading Feminism Online&quot;], ''Weibo Feminism'', Bloomsbury Academic, 2022, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.5040/9781350231528.ch-002|10.5040/9781350231528.ch-002]], [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-3502-3152-8|978-1-3502-3152-8]]&lt;/bdi&gt;, [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247044502 247044502], e nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Social media e thusa ka go fa serala se se botlhokwa sa baagi ba ba kgaphetsweng kwa thoko mo ditsong. Ka tiriso ya di-hashtag, ditlhopha tseno di kgona go tlhaeletsana, go kgobokanya le go buelela dikgang tse di sa bonaleng sentle.&lt;ref&gt;Maples, Carol J. (2008). ''[https://dx.doi.org/10.32469/10355/5506 Giving voice: the use of interactive theatre as professional development in higher education to reduce alienation of marginalized groups]'' (Thesis). University of Missouri Libraries. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.32469/10355/5506|10.32469/10355/5506]]. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10355/5506|10355/5506]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Barotloetsi ba maatla a bolweladitshwanelo jwa hashtag ba dumela gore e letla badirisi go golagana le batho ka bongwe go tswa kwa lefatsheng lotlhe le go abelana tshedimosetso ka bonako. Batshwayadiphoso, ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, ba belaela gore go dira tiro ya hashtag go isa kwa phetogong ya mmatota, ka gonne badirisi ba supa fela gore ba amega thata go romela  hashtag, go na le go tsaya kgato ka namana go dira pharologanyo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.4.0206 &quot;New York Times 'Science Times' continues its focus on scientific publishing and open access&quot;]. ''Physics Today''. 2012-01-27. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[:en:Doi_(identifier)|10.1063/pt.4.0206]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1945-0699 1945-0699].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ditso ==
Hashtag, jaaka e dirisiwa mo maranyaneng ka go farologana gompieno, e akantswe pele mo maranyananeng a Twitter ke motlhami wa kompone ya Google Chris Messina ka ngwaga wa 2007. Maikaelelo a tlhamo ya gagwe e ne e le go dira letshwao le le letlelelang badirisi go sala morago dikgang tse di fetogang tse di amanang le tiragalo kgotsa setlhogo sengwe. Karabo ya Twitter mo go diriseng hashtag jalo e ne ya seka ya nna ee. maranyane a o a ne a kwala gore &quot;dilo tseo ke tsa batho ba ba botlhale bo bo feteletseng&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Panko, Ben. [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/decade-ago-hashtag-reshaped-internet-180964605/ &quot;A Decade Ago, the Hashtag Reshaped the Internet&quot;]. ''Smithsonian''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme morago ngwaga yone eo ba bona maduo ka tiriso ya #sandiegofire e e neng e letla badirisi go sala morago dikgang tse di tsamaelanang le molelo wa kwa San Diego, go babalesega ga baratwa le dikgang jaaka di goroga. Tiriso ya hashtag e aname le maranyane a mangwe a akaretsa a Facebook, Instagram le TikTok.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2007, hashtag e dirisitswe go amanya dikgang mo maranyaneng, go batla ba ema nokeng, go rulaganya ditshupetso go letla gore badirisi ba kgone go tsaya karolo mo matsholong a sepolotiki le a setho.

== Dikai tse di itsegeng thata ==
Dikai tse di latelang di rulagantswe ka ditlhopha: ditshwanelo tsa setho, go nna podi matseba, sepolotiki, le tse di mo nakong.

=== Lotso ===

==== Tshimologo kwa United States ====
'''#BlackLivesMatter (matshelo a batho bantsho a botlhokwa)'''

Letsholo la [[Matshelo a Batho Bantsho a Maleba (Black Lives Matter)|Matshelo a batho bantsho a maleba]] le itebagantse le go fedisa bosetlhogo jwa mapodisi le polao ya batho bantsho ba ma America. Hashtag ya #BlackLivesMatter e simolotswe ke Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors le Opal Tometi e le karabo ya tsheko le go gololwa ga ga George Zimmerman o a neng a thuntshitse a bo a bolaya Travon Martin wa dingwaga tse di lesome le bosupa.&lt;ref&gt;Yang, Guobin (2016-08-11). [https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/692 &quot;Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism: The Case of #BlackLivesMatter&quot;]. ''Media and Communication''. '''4''' (4): 13–17. doi:[https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/692 10.17645/mac.v4i4.692]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:2183-2439 2183-2439].&lt;/ref&gt; Hashtag e e ne ya tsosolosiwa ka ngwaga wa 2014, morago ga go hulwa ga ga Michael Brown kwa Ferguson, Missouri, le morago ga gore setlhopha sa baatlhodi se se ka sa bona Daniel Pantaleo phoso mo go bolaweng ga ga Eric Garner.&lt;ref&gt;Weedston, Lindsey (19 December 2014). [https://www.yesmagazine.org/democracy/2014/12/20/12-hashtags-that-changed-the-world-in-2014 &quot;12 Hashtags That Changed the World in 2014&quot;]. ''Yes!''. Retrieved 11 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka selemo ngwgaa wa 2020, hashtag e ne ya boela gape ka ntlha ya dintsho tsa ga George Floyd le Breonna Taylor mo matsogong a mapodise.&lt;ref&gt;Knight Steele, Catherine (2021-07-04)[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2021.1949370 . &quot;When the Black lives that matter are not our own: digital Black feminism and a dialectic of self and community&quot;]. ''Feminist Media Studies''. '''21''' (5): 860–863. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2021.1949370 10.1080/14680777.2021.1949370]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1468-0777 1468-0777]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1eedd56495b09c6599d4324fb491f754ff09ca66 237206966].&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#IStandWithAhmed (Ke ema le Ahmed)'''

Ka ngwaga wa 2015, moithuti wa dingwaga tse di fa gare Ahmed Mohamed o ne a tshwarwa kwa sekolong sa gagwe se segolwane kwa Irving, Texas morago ga gore morutabana wa gagwe a akanyetse gore sesupanako sa gagwe se se neng se tlhatlhamolotswe, ke bomo. O ne a seka a bonwa melato epe, mme o ne a seegelwa fa thoko kwa sekolong. Morago ga polelo ya gagwe e bolelwa mo metsweding ya dikgang, mokwadi wa tsa maranyane Anil Dash a tsenya senepe sa ga Ahmed a tshwarwa a apere sekipa se se kwadilweng NASA le #IStandwithAhmed. Senepe se se ne sa kgatlha leitlho la batho ba le bantsi mo maranyaneng sa bo sa dira gore batho ba akanyetse fa e le kgethololo ya lotso le mmala le kgethololo ya batho ba tumelo ya Islam kgatlhanong le sekolo seo. Se ne sa simolola letsholo mo maranyaneng, mo bontsi jwa batho ba akaretsa ba maranyane le baenjenere ba neng ba kwala ka kemo nokeng ya bone ba dirisa hashtag eo.

'''#TakeAKnee (Oba lengole)'''

&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;TakeAKnee e sale e nna letsholo ka ngwaga wa 2016, e dirilwe ka maikaelelo a go tsibosa batho ka bosetlhogo jwa ba sepodise le kgethololo ya lotso le mmala e e diragalang kwa America.&lt;ref&gt;AJ Willingham (27 September 2017). &quot;[https://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/27/us/nfl-anthem-protest-race-trump-trnd/index.html The #TakeAKnee protests have always been about race. Period]&quot;. ''CNN''. Retrieved June 11, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Letsholo le le simolotswe ke batshameki ba  kgwele ya dinao, bogolo jang Colin Laepernick, ak go khubama sebaka sa go opelwa pina ya setšhaba; go dira jaana go ne ga tsosa dikgoberego ka go ne go bonwa e le go tlhoka botho le go rogaka folaga ya Amerika, beng gae le se folaga e se emetseng. Letsholo le le ne la dira gore go nne le hashtag ya #BoycottNFL le dikgang tse di feletseng di dira gore go tlhokafale gore batshameki ba eme ka dinao fa go opelwa pina ya setšhaba, kgotsa ba nne kwa go aparelwang teng.&lt;ref&gt;Breuninger, Kevin (2018-05-23). &quot;[https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/23/nfl-bans-on-field-kneeling-during-the-national-anthem.html NFL bans on-field kneeling during the national anthem]&quot;. ''cnbc.com''. Retrieved 2025, June 11.&lt;/ref&gt; #TakeAKnee e itsege e le ngongora ya pina ya setšhaba ya America, mme gantsi e tshwantsanngwa le dingongora tsa nako ya go lwela ditshwanelo, go tshwana le metseletsele ya dingongora tse di eteletsweng pele ke batshameki ba metshameko e e farologaneng.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Whitman, Walt; Noverr, Douglas A; Stacy, Jason (2014). ''Walt Whitman's selected journalism''. University of Iowa Press. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-60938-315-2|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-60938-315-2&lt;/bdi&gt;.]][[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/891494733 891494733].&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Fa bosetlhogo jwa mapodisi bo ne bo emetswe kgatlhanong ke batho bantsho ba America, batshameki ba basweu ba ne ba bonwa le bone ba oba lengole. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/first-white-nfl-player-to-kneel-during-national-anthem-explains-his-decision/ First white NFL player to kneel during national anthem explains his decision&quot;]. ''CBSSports.com''. 22 August 2017. Retrieved 2025-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka bongwefela letsholo la #TakeAKnee le ne la baka dikgoberego go baka gore go botsisiwe ditshwanelo tsa semolao le la molaomotheo le gore go lebelelwe motho ka bongwe ka bongwe le bokgoni jwa bone jwa go oba lengole fa pina ya setšhaba e opelwa.&lt;ref&gt;Fickling, David (April 2004). &quot;Court rules girl can take sex-change therapy&quot;. ''The Lancet''. '''363''' (9418): 1373. doi:[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673604160911?via%3Dihub 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16091-1]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15114989/ 15114989.] [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7c4919ef10c783ebae8bf52db90947ef8ab4cd3e 36346904].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Scott, David; Chanslor, Mike; Dixon, Jennifer (January 2010). &quot;FAIR and the PBS NewsHour: Assessing Diversity and Elitism in News Sourcing&quot;. ''Communication Quarterly''. '''58''' (3): 319–340. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01463373.2010.503165 10.1080/01463373.2010.503165]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5bc0be5bc78336fa8609819a33d3375a32300041 144183820].&lt;/ref&gt;

==== #MyAsianAmericanStory (Polelo ya me ya go nna mo Amerika wa mo Asia) ====
Ka Phalane ngwaga wa 2016, moithuti wa dingwaga tse di lesome le botlhano a bidiwa Jason Fong o ne a dira #MyAsiaAmericanStory go supa dipolelo tsa go fudugela kwa lefatsheng le sele tsa batho ba lotso lwa Asian-American morago ga gore ntlhopheng wa botautona Jeb Bush a akgele ka batho ba Asia le bana ba bone ba ba tlhakantseng ditso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-high-school-student-myasianamericanstory-anchor-baby-narrative-20150825-htmlstory.html Student starts #MyAsianAmericanStory in response to Bush remarks]&quot;. ''Los Angeles Times''. 2015-08-25. Retrieved 2025-06-11.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;France, Lisa Respers (26 August 2015). [https://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/26/living/my-asian-american-story-feat/index.html &quot;#MyAsianAmericanStory starts after Jeb Bush comment&quot;]. ''CNN''. Retrieved 11 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Fong o ne a supa fa a simolotse hashtag e go supa gore batho ba Asian-America ke bontlha bongwe jwa America.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/0826/MyAsianAmericanStory-The-power-of-hashtags-in-the-presidential-race #MyAsianAmericanStory: The power of hashtags in the presidential race&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Christian_Science_Monitor|Christian Science Monitor]]''. 2015-08-26. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0882-7729 0882-7729]. Retrieved 2025 June 11.&lt;/ref&gt; Badirisi ba hashtag e ba ne ba bega ka dipolelo tse di farologaneng tsa malwapa a bone le maitemogolo a bone mo kgethololong.&lt;ref&gt;Journal, Emily Jan, National (2015-08-31). [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/08/asian-americans-take-on-bushs-anchor-babies-comments/432672/ &quot;Asian-Americans Take on Bush's 'Anchor Babies' Comments]&quot;. ''The Atlantic''. Retrieved 2025 June 11&lt;/ref&gt; Fong are o ne a tlhotlhelediwa go simolola hashtag e ke tse dingwe jaaka #BlackLivesMatter, mme a tsaya karolo mo matsholong a mangwe jaaka #Asians4BlackLives go supa kemo nokeng go tlhatlhamolola tsamaiso e e senyegileng e e sireletsang bosetlhogo jwa mapodise.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

'''#thisis2016 (Se ke ngwaga wa 2016)'''

Ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2016, morago ga tiragalo ya go nna kgatlhanong le batho ba Asia kwa New York City le lokwalo lo lo badilweng ke batho botlhe lo ya kwa go motshwasetlhabelo go tswa kwa go Michael Luo, Pampiri ya dikgang ya New York Times e ne ya ntsha setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego sa setlhogo sa &quot;#thisis2016: Batho ba Asia ba ba nnang mo America ba a araba.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.storybench.org/how-did-the-new-york-times-tell-stories-about-asian-americans-response-to-racism/ How The New York Times made the #thisis2016 video of Asian-Americans responding to racism&quot;]. ''Storybench''. 15 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Setshwantsho se se ne se supa batho ba lotso lwa AsianAmerica ba ba neng ba itemogetse kgethololo ya lotso le mmala.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000004706646/thisis2016-asian-americans-respond.html #thisis2016: Asian-Americans Respond&quot;]. ''The New York Times''. 13 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; #thisis2016 e ne ya nna hashtag go supa kgethololo e batho ba lotso loo ba e itemogelang.&lt;ref&gt;King, Hope (10 October 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250612203853/https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/10/technology/thisis2016-michael-luo-nytimes/index.html &quot;#Thisis2016 rallies Asian Americans against racist encounters&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; Morago #BrownAsiansExist e ne ya tlhagoga morago ga lokwalo lo lo kwaletsweng pampiri ya dikgang ya The New York times lo supa ngongora ka tlhaelo ya batho ba lotso lwa AsiaAmerican mo sethswantshong se ba se supileng sa #thisis2016.&lt;ref&gt;David, E. J. R. (15 October 2016). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-open-letter-to-the-new-york-times-who-told-brown_b_5801ac3fe4b0985f6d1570f1 &quot;An Open Letter To The 'New York Times' Who Told Brown Asians They Don't Matter&quot;]. ''[[:en:HuffPost|HuffPost]]''.&lt;/ref&gt; #BrownAsiansExist e supa ga kgaphelwa thoko ga batho ba ba tswang kwa borwa jwa Asia le borwa botlhaba jwa Asia mo metsweding ya dikgang ya America.&lt;ref&gt;David, E. J. R. (15 October 2016). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/an-open-letter-to-the-new-york-times-who-told-brown_b_5801ac3fe4b0985f6d1570f1 &quot;An Open Letter To The 'New York Times' Who Told Brown Asians They Don't Matter&quot;]. ''HuffPost''.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== #OscarsSoWhite (Dietsele tsa Oscar ke tsa batho basweu fela) ====
&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;OscarsSoWhite ke letsholo le le simolotsweng ke mokwaledi mogolo wa BroadwayBlack.com  April Reign, a tlhotlhelediwa ke bontlhopheng ba dietsele tsa Oscar tsa ngwaga wa 2016.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/02/02/oscars-academy-award-nominations-diversity/79645542/ #OscarsSoWhite controversy: What you need to know&quot;]. ''USA TODAY''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Badiragatsi botlhe ba ba neng ba tlhophilwe mo ditlhopheng tsa ba ba eteletseng pele e ne e le batho basweu, le ntswa go ne go na le ditshwantsho di le dintsi ngwaga oo tse di neng di na le batho bantsho ba ba di eteletseng pele ba ba kileng ba amogela dietsele le dimpho tsa critics le guild.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-oscars-so-white-reaction-htmlstory.html &quot;Oscar nominees discuss diversity in Hollywood amid the #OscarsSoWhite backlash&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''. 25 February 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Letsholo le le ne la dira gore go nne le puisano ka go farologana ga batho, botlhokwa jwa go nna le kemedi le kgetholo ya lotso le mmala mo madirelong a ditshwantsho tsa motshikhinyego.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/03/oscarssowhite-is-still-relevant-this-year &quot;#OscarsSoWhite Is Still Relevant This Year&quot;]. ''Vanity Fair''. 2 March 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Letsholo le le amanngwa le go gatelela go fetola mmala wa maloko a academy.&lt;ref&gt;Barnes, Brooks (2017-06-28). &quot;[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/28/business/media/oscars-voting-pool-expands-with-female-and-minority-membership-expected-to-rise.html Oscars Voting Pool Expands, With Female and Minority Membership Expected to Rise]&quot;. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga go ya godimo ga go itsewe ga letsholo le, academy e ne ya tsenya batlhophi ba ba botlana ba le 41% le batlhophi ba basadi ba le 46%.&lt;ref&gt;Schulman, Michael (2018-01-23). [https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/is-the-era-of-oscarssowhite-over &quot;Is the Era of #OscarsSoWhite Over?&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_New_Yorker|The New Yorker]]''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0028-792X 0028-792X]. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Dikompone tse di dirang metshameko ya motshikhinyego le tsone di ne di babalelwa ka jalo ba simolola go dira gore go nne le kemedi ya ditso le mebala ka go farologana le mo babereking ba bone, ba ne ba fira Ava Duvernay, mokaedi wa mo America wa mmala o montsho, go etelela pele go dira A Wrinkle in Time le go thapa badiragatsi ba ba seng basweu mo motseletseleng wa ditshwantsho wa Star Wars.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-wrinkle-in-time-director-ava-duvernay-is-breaking-down-walls-in-hollywood &quot;How 'Wrinkle in Time' director Ava DuVernay is breaking down walls in Hollywood&quot;]. ''PBS NewsHour''. 2018-03-09. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== #PublishingPaidMe ====

=== Ditshwanelo tsa basadi ba bantsho ===
'''Go tswa kwa United States'''

==== #SayHerName (Bua leina la gagwe) ====
&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;SayHername e simolotse ka ngwaga wa 2015 e simololwa ke bokopano jwa batho bantsho kwa America, jo bo eteletsweng pele ke Kimberlie Crenshaw. Maikaelelo a #SayHerName e ne e le go gapa leitlho la babegadikgang le setšhaba ka kakaretso mo go dirisiweng dikgoka le polao ya basadi ba bantsho mo diatleng a mapodisi.&lt;ref&gt;Williams, Sherri (2016-09-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2016.1213574 &quot;#SayHerName: using digital activism to document violence against black women&quot;]. ''Feminist Media Studies''. '''16''' (5): 922–925. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2016.1213574 10.1080/14680777.2016.1213574]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] 1468-0777. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d97e25d279f1ce9ca5a1a79f9606a52a67f75dd5 261700433].&lt;/ref&gt; Pelaelo ya go ipolaa ga ga Sandra Bland morago ga go tsewa ke mapodise go ne ga dira gore hashtag e e itsege, e bo e dire gore go abelanwe go bo go batlisisiwe ka sipolelo tsa basadi ba bangwe ba bantsho ba ba tlhokafetseng ka ntlha ya bosetlhogo jwa mapodisi. #SayHerName e ne ya amanngwa gape le dinstho tsa ga Breonna Taylor, Aura Rosser, Tanisha Anderson le ba bangwe.&lt;ref&gt;Borda, Jennifer L.; Marshall, Bailey (2020-04-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00335630.2020.1744182 &quot;Creating a space to #SayHerName: Rhetorical stratification in the networked sphere&quot;]. ''Quarterly Journal of Speech''. '''106''' (2): 133–155. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00335630.2020.1744182 10.1080/00335630.2020.1744182]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0033-5630 0033-5630.] [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f7104b15d25cfd3764a083bcdcab66eff46f0548 216278507].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditshwanelo tsa basadi ===
'''Go tswa kwa United States'''

'''#YesAllWomen (Ee, basadi botlhe)'''

YesAllWomen ke hashtag e e dirisiwang mo maranyaneng a Twitter le maranyane a mangwe e le letsholo le badirisi ba abelanang dikai tsa dipolelo tsa letlhoo mo basading le bosetlhogo kgatlhanong le basadi.&lt;ref&gt;Medina, Jennifer (May 27, 2014). &quot;[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/27/us/campus-killings-set-off-anguished-conversation-about-the-treatment-of-women.html?ref=us&amp;_r=0 Campus Killings Set Off Anguished Conversation About the Treatment of Women]&quot;. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; #YesAllWomen e dirilwe e le go tsibogela hashtag e nngwe ya #NotAllMen, go supa fa basadi ba amiwa ke go kgethololwa ka bong le go tshwenngwa, le ntwa e se banna botlhe ba ba kgethololang basadi.Hashtag e, e ne ya dirisiwa ke basadi kabofefo mo maranyaneng go abelana maiphitlelo a bone a go kgethololwa le go tshwenngwa.&lt;ref&gt;Zimmerman, Jess (2014-04-28). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190512123131/http://time.com/79357/not-all-men-a-brief-history-of-every-dudes-favorite-argument/ &quot;Not All Men Meme Rise of Defense Against Sexism Misogyny&quot;]. ''Time''. Retrieved 12 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bridges, Jeff (2014-06-02). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170317032332/http://time.com/2809276/notallmen-dont-get-it/ &quot;#NotAllMen Don't Get It&quot;]. ''Time''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Plait, Phil (2014-05-27). [https://slate.com/technology/2014/05/not-all-men-how-discussing-womens-issues-gets-derailed.html &quot;Not all men: How discussing women's issues gets derailed&quot;]. Slate.com. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jezebel.com/your-guide-to-not-all-men-the-best-meme-on-the-interne-1573535818 &quot;Your Guide to 'Not All Men,' the Best Meme on the Internet&quot;]. ''jezebel.com''. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vendituoli, Monica (2014-05-28). &quot;[https://www.chronicle.com/article/notallmen-but-yesallwomen-campus-tragedy-spurs-debate-on-sexual-violence/ #NotAllMen, but #YesAllWomen: Campus Tragedy Spurs Debate on Sexual Violence - Students - The Chronicle of Higher Education]&quot;. Chronicle.com. Retrieved 12 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Pachal, Pete (26 May 2014). [https://mashable.com/archive/yesallwomen-hashtag &quot;How the #YesAllWomen Hashtag Began&quot;]. ''Mashable''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Valenti, Jessica (28 May 2014)[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/28/yesallwomen-barage-sexism-elliot-rodger . &quot;#YesAllWomen reveals the constant barrage of sexism that women face&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;#YesAllWomen Puts Spotlight On Misogyny&quot;. NPR. 28 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;Hashtag e, e ne e tumile thata ka ngwaga wa 2014, fa go ne go buiwa thata ka dipolao tsa basadi kwa Isla, Vista ka ngwaga wa 2014.&lt;ref&gt;Grinberg, Emanuella (27 May 2014). [https://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/27/living/california-killer-hashtag-yesallwomen/ &quot;Why #YesAllWomen took off on Twitter&quot;]. ''CNN Living''. CNN. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Pearce, Matt (25 May 2014). [https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-isla-vista-women-20140525-story.html &quot;#YesAllWomen: Isla Vista attack puts a spotlight on gender violence&quot;.] ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;O'Neill, Kate (June 6, 2014). [https://www.tennessean.com/story/money/2014/06/07/hashtag-activism-offers-chance-take-stand/10104895/ &quot;Hashtag activism offers chance to take a stand&quot;]. ''The Tennessean''. Retrieved12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#ShoutYourAbortion'''

&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;ShoutYourAbortion ke hashtag le letsholo la maranyane le le dirisiwang mo maranyaneng a Twitter le le rotloetsang basadi ba ba itemogetseng go senya dimpa tsa boimana go bua ka maitemogelo a bone.&lt;ref&gt;West, Lindy (2015-09-22). &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/22/i-set-up-shoutyourabortion-because-i-am-not-sorry-and-i-will-not-whisper I set up #ShoutYourAbortion because I am not sorry, and I will not whisper&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lewin, Tamar (2015-10-01). [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/02/us/hashtag-campaign-twitter-abortion.html &quot;#ShoutYourAbortion Gets Angry Shouts Back&quot;]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331.] Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Norris, Alison, et al. &quot;Abortion Stigma: A Reconceptualization of Constituents, Causes, and Consequences&quot;. ''Women's Health Issues'' 21.3, Supplement (2011): S49-54. Web.&lt;/ref&gt;Hashtag e e dirilwe ke mokwadi wa kwa America Lindy West le ditsala tsa gagwe Amelia Bonow le Kimberly Morrison, ba tsibogela maiteko a ntlo ya baemedi ya kwa United States a go emisa go ntsha madi go ema nokeng go nna motsadi mo go ipaakanyeditsweng morago ga gore go nne le dikganetsano mo setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego sa Planned Parenthood ka ngwaga wa 2015.&lt;ref&gt;Pearson, Michael (29 September 2015). [https://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/22/living/shout-your-abortion-feat/ &quot;Women embrace, criticize #ShoutYourAbortion&quot;]. CNN. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Buchanan, Rose (22 September 2015). [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/tens-of-thousands-of-women-share-their-abortion-experiences-in-global-attempt-to-end-stigma-10512161.html &quot;Tens of thousands of women share their abortion experiences in global attempt to end stigma&quot;.] ''The Independent''. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/Qchn2 Archived] from the original on 2022-05-09. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wilmer, Henry (22 September 2015). [https://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-34327404 &quot;The women 'shouting' their abortions]&quot;. ''BBC''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Bowden, George (22 September 2015). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/09/22/shout-your-abortion-sees-women-take-to-social-media-to-help-save-planned-parenthood-funding_n_8174748.html &quot;Planned Parenthood's #ShoutYourAbortion Sees Women Take To Social Media To Help Save Funding&quot;]. ''Huffington Post''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Roy, Aditi (23 October 2015). [https://abcnews.go.com/US/shoutyourabortion-hashtag-started-sparked-movement/story?id=34631955 &quot;How the #ShoutYourAbortion Hashtag Started and Sparked a New Movement&quot;]. ''ABC News''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#ilooklikeanengineer (ke tshwana le mo enjineere)'''

Ka ngwaga wa 2015, letsholo la #ilooklikeanengineer le ne la simolola. Letsholo le le simolotswe ke Isis Anchalee go rotloetsa dipuisano tsa dikgang tsa bong.&lt;ref&gt;Lien, Tracey (4 August 2015). [https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-i-look-like-an-engineer-20150804-story.html &quot;Think you know what an engineer looks like? #ilooklikeanengineer says think again&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Anchalee o simolotse hashtag e a tsibogela kgalefo e e nnileng fa sefatlhego sa gagwe se ne se tlhageletse mo letsholong la thekiso ya kompone e a e berekelang. Ngwaga morago ga go dirwa ga hashtag ya #ilooklikeanengineer, batho ba le dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano ba ne ba dirisa hashtag eo.&lt;ref&gt;Anchalee, Isis (2016-08-03). [https://medium.com/startup-grind/ilooklikeanengineer-one-year-later-b599e0cae817 &quot;#iLookLikeAnEngineer: One Year Later – Startup Grind&quot;]. ''Medium''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;MacDonald, Fiona. [https://www.sciencealert.com/the-best-tweets-from-the-ilooklikeanengineer-hashtag &quot;The Best Tweets From the #ILookLikeAnEngineer Hashtag&quot;.] ''ScienceAlert''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#MeToo (le nna)'''

&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;MeToo ke hashtag e e dirisiwang mo maranyaneng a Twitter go itsese batho ka go dirisiwa botlhaswa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo ka go rotloetsa ba ba fetileng ka seemo seo go abelana maiphitlhelo a bone.&lt;ref&gt;Carmody-McIntosh, Karen (2018-02-07). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190219130535/https://www.continuum.umn.edu/2018/02/hashtag-social-movement/ &quot;Me Too: Hashtag and Social Movement&quot;]. ''continuum | University of Minnesota Libraries''. Retrieved 12 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Hashtag e e dirisitswe pele ka ngwaga wa 2007 ke Tarana Burke&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://nwlc.org/press-release/me-too-international-the-national-womens-law-center-and-times-up-foundation-launch-we-as-ourselves-in-support-of-black-survivors/ #Me Too - What Next?]&quot;. ''NWLC''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;, mme morago ya anama ebile ya simolola go itsege le mo dipampiring tsa dikgang ka Phalane a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2017, fa  Alyssa Milano a dirisa Twitter go rotloetsa batho&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043950/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/healthandlife/1-year-since-alyssa-milanos-first-metoo-tweet-have-things-actually-changed-for-women-875824.html 1 year since Alyssa Milano's first #MeToo tweet: Have things actually changed for women?&quot;.] ''irishexaminer.com''. 2018-10-15. Archived from [https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/lifestyle/healthandlife/1-year-since-alyssa-milanos-first-metoo-tweet-have-things-actually-changed-for-women-875824.html the original] on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 12 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; go bua ka maiphitlhelo a bone mo go dirisiweng botlhaswa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, bare 'le nna'.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.raliance.org/report_posts/the-facts-behind-the-metoo-movement/ &quot;The Facts Behind the #metoo Movement&quot;]. ''Raliance''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Pele letsholo le maikaelelo a lone e e ne e le go itsese batho fela, mme morago #MeToo e ne ya nna letsholo ka Phalane 2018, hashtag e e ne e dirisitswe didikadike di le lesome le boferabongwe&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231205224125/https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2018/10/11/how-social-media-users-have-discussed-sexual-harassment-since-metoo-went-viral/ft_18-10-11_metooanniversary_hashtag-used-19m_times/ &quot;The #MeToo hashtag has been used roughly 19 million times on Twitter in the past year, and usage often surges around news events&quot;.] ''Pew Research Center''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;. Letsholo le, le tsosolositse matsholo a mangwe jaaka #HowIWillChange&lt;ref&gt;PettyJohn, Morgan E.; Muzzey, Finneran K.; Maas, Megan K.; McCauley, Heather L. (October 2019). &quot;#HowIWillChange: Engaging men and boys in the #MeToo movement&quot;. ''Psychology of Men &amp; Masculinity''. '''20''' (4): 612–622. doi:[https://psycnet.apa.org/search 10.1037/men0000186]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/%23HowIWillChange%3A-Engaging-men-and-boys-in-the-PettyJohn-Muzzey/2fad8b7593c62a200c8447c87ffb0eb44ac1e89d 149743156.]&lt;/ref&gt;, ebile le dirile gore go nne le dikotlhao mo go ba ba tlodileng molao o.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Go tsibogela hashtag e, go ne ga diriwa hashtag ya #Himtoo, e e rayang letsholo la gore borre ba bewa molato o o a ba lebaganang.

'''#WomensMarch (Go gwanta ga basadi)'''

Ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e le masome a mabedi le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2017, palo e e akanyeditsweng ya didikadike di le pedi le borataro ya batho, ba ne ba gwanta mo lefatsheng go tsibogela go tlhophiwa ga tautona o mošha wa kwa United States Donald Trump.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/ &quot;At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations&quot;.] ''USA TODAY''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mogwanto o o ne o rulagantswe mo maranyaneng a Facebook.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/january-21/womens-march &quot;Women's March&quot;]. ''HISTORY''. 5 January 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mogwanto o jaanong o diragala ngwaga le ngwaga, maikaelelo a lone ke go tsibosa le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa setho ka go gwanta ga kagiso.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190401181012/https://womensmarch.com/agenda 2019 Agenda]&quot;. ''Women's March''. Archived from [[the original]] on 2019-04-01. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Jaaka dihashtag tse dingwe, #WomensMarch e teng mo maranyaneng. Letsholo le le na le tsebe ya Facebook e e berekang, e tlhomamisitswe ka leina la Women's march, e dirilwe ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.facebook.com/womensmarchonwash/ Women's March]&quot;. ''facebook.com''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Moranang a le malatsi a le mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2019, tsebe e e ne e ratilwe ke batho ba feta dikete de le makgolo a ferabobedi, mme e setswe morago ke ba le dikete di le makgol&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.facebook.com/WomensMarchMilan/ &quot;Women's March - Milan]&quot;. ''facebook.com''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;o a ferabobedi le masome a matlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ntle le tsebe e e rurifaditsweng, go na le ditsebe tse dingwe mo mafelong a a farologaneng di akaretsa mme di sa felele ka Woman's march kwa Connecticut, Women's march kwa San Diego le Women's march kwa Milan.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.facebook.com/womensmarchct/ Women's March CT - We March On]&quot;. ''facebook.com''. Retrieved 11 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.facebook.com/womensmarchsandiego/ Women's March San Diego]&quot;. ''facebook.com''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.facebook.com/WomensMarchMilan/ &quot;Women's March - Milan&quot;]. ''facebook.com''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;Fa godimo ga Facebook, letsholo la Women's March le na le tsebe kwa Instagram e ka Moranang 2019, e nang le ba ba e salang morago ba le sedikadike se le sengwe, le bobedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=%2Fwomensmarch%2F&amp;source=omni_redirect &quot;Women's March (@womensmarch) • Instagram photos and videos&quot;.] ''instagram.com''. Retrieved 11 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tse di tswang mo mafatsheng a mangwe ====
'''#EleNão (E seng ene)'''
[[Setshwantsho:EleNao (Porto Alegre, 2018-09-29) 52.jpg|thumb|Molwela ditshwanelo kwa Porto Alegre, Brazil, a tsaya karolo mo letsholong la Ele NãO]]
Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome le boferabongwe, ngwaga wa 2018, letsholo la Ele Não (Ele Não ke lefoko la puo ya sePotokisi, le le rayang &quot;e seng ene&quot;), le le itsegeng gape e le megwanto kgatlhanong le Jair Bolsonaro, e ne e le megwanto ya ditshupelo e e neng e eteletswe pele ke basadi, o o neng wa diragala kwa dikgaolong tsa lefatshe la Brazil  le lefatshe ka bophara. Maikaelelo magolo a letsholo le e ne e le go gwanta kgatlhanong le Bolsonaro le letsholo la gagwe la go ipapaletsa  botautona le dikitsiso tsa gagwe tsa go kgetholola basadi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/09/29/politica/1538226863_062834.html &quot;Mulheres lideram multidão contra Bolsonaro em São Paulo, Rio e Recife&quot;]. ''El País'' (in Brazilian Portuguese). September 30, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190328181410/https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/15-imagens-que-resumem-os-atos-a-favor-e-contra-jair-bolsonaro-pelo-brasil/ &quot;15 imagens que resumem os atos a favor e contra Jair Bolsonaro pelo Brasil&quot;.] ''[[:en:Exame|Exame]]'' (in Brazilian Portuguese). September 30, 2018. Archived from [https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/15-imagens-que-resumem-os-atos-a-favor-e-contra-jair-bolsonaro-pelo-brasil/ the original] on March 28, 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/um-protesto-historico-menos-na-teve/ &quot;Um protesto histórico, menos na tevê]&quot;. ''Revista Piauí'' (in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 September 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2018/09/30/politica/1538270819_523141.html &quot;Mulheres quebram o jejum das ruas no Brasil com manifestações contra Bolsonaro&quot;]. ''El País'' (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2018-09-30.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#WhereisPengShuai (Peng Shuai o kae)'''

Morago ga go nyelela ga motshameki wa thenase Peng Shuai ka Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2021, hashtag ya #WhereisPengShuai e ne ya tlhagelela mo maranyaneng a Twitter,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-week-whereispengshuai &quot;Women This Week: #WhereIsPengShuai&quot;]. ''Council on Foreign Relations''. Retrieved 12 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; ya dirisiwa ke batshameki ba tshwana le Serena Williams&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/china/serena-williams-latest-tennis-great-ask-peng-shuai-rcna6066 &quot;Serena Williams latest tennis great to ask: Where is Peng Shuai?&quot;]. ''NBC News''. 19 November 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le Naomi Osaka.&lt;ref&gt;Smith, Alexander (2021-11-18). [https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/18/peng-shuai-naomi-osaka-joins-calls-for-answers-after-metoo-allegations.html &quot;Naomi Osaka joins calls for answers after Chinese tennis star's sexual assault allegations&quot;.] ''CNBC''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#MahsaAmini'''

Go tlhokafala le go betswa ga ga Amini go ne ga baka tšhakgalo mo mafaratlhatlheng a maranyane a itloso bodutu. Hastag #MahsaAmini e ne ya nna nngwe ya dihashtag tse di dirisitsweng thata mo maranyaneng a Twitter a batho ba lefatshe la Persia. Palo ya dipego le go bega gape ga hashtag e ke didikadike di le masome a ferabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fury-grows-iran-over-woman-who-died-after-hijab-arrest-social-media-2022-09-18/ Fury grows in Iran over woman who died after hijab arrest&quot;]. ''Reuters''. 18 September 2022. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220919232221/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fury-grows-iran-over-woman-who-died-after-hijab-arrest-social-media-2022-09-18/ the original] on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF/a-63162808 &quot;هشتگ مهسا امینی ترند جهانی شد – DW – ۱۴۰۱/۶/۲۷&quot;] (in Persian). Deutsche Welle. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220919005407/https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF/a-63162808 the original] on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Basadi ba kwa Iran bangwe ba ne ba tsenya ditshwantsho tsa motshikhinyego mo maranyaneng tsa bone ba kgaola meriri ya bone go supa fa ba sa itumela.&lt;ref&gt;[https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/iran-women-cut-their-hair-to-protest-against-death-of-22-year-old-woman-8160043/ &quot;Iran women cut their hair to protest against death of 22-year-old woman in custody&quot;]. [[:en:Indian_Express_Limited|''Indian Express Limited''.]] 19 September 2022. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220919104412/https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/iran-women-cut-their-hair-to-protest-against-death-of-22-year-old-woman-8160043/ the original] on 19 September 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go ne ga begiwa ka Lwetse a le masome a mabedi le motso fa puso ya kwa Iran e  thibetse tiriso ya maranyane a Instagram le Whatsapp, mme ba emisa tiriso ya maranyane kwa Kurdistan le dikgaolo tse dingwe tsa Iran ka maiteko a go didimatsa mokubukubu o.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-restricts-access-instagram-netblocks-2022-09-21/ &quot;As unrest grows, Iran restricts access to Instagram, WhatsApp&quot;]. ''Reuters''. 21 September 2022. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20220924205930/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-restricts-access-instagram-netblocks-2022-09-21/ the original] on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2022, hashtag ya #Mahsa_Amini le e e lekanang le yone kwa Persia e ne ya fetela seelo sa Twitter kwa godimo ka dipego di le didikadike di le masome a ferabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.iranintl.com/en/202209239501 Hashtag Against Death Of Hijab Victim Breaks Historic Record&quot;]. ''Iran International''. 23 September 2022. Archived from [[:en:Iran_International|the original]] on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Serjoie, Kay Armin (24 September 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221031093719/https://time.com/6216024/iran-protests-islamic-republic-response/ &quot;The Protests in Iran Have Shaken the Islamic Republic to Its Core]&quot;. ''Time''.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#MosqueMeToo''' 

Ka ngwaga wa 2018, kgwedi ya Tlhakole, letsholo la Mosque Me Too le ne la simolola, morago ga letsholo la Me Too le le neng la anama le lefatshe ka ngwaga wa 2017, kgwedi ya Phalane le dikgwedi tse di e salang morago. Basadi ba tumelo ya Muslim ba ne ba simolola go abelana maiphitlhelo a bone a go dirisiwa botlhaswa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo kwa mafelo a kobamo a Muslim le kwa mafelong a a etelwang jaaka Hajj, Mecca le Saudi Arabia, ba dirisa hashtag ya #MosqueMe Too.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180929203930/http://time.com/5159888/mosquemetoo-muslim-women-speaking-out-about-abuse/ &quot;Muslim Women Are Speaking Out About Abuse&quot;]. ''Time''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mosquemetoo-women-share-experiences-of-sexual-harassment-inside-religious-places/articleshow/62885605.cms &quot;#MosqueMeToo: Women share experiences of sexual harassment inside religious places&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Times_of_India|The Times of India]]''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Eltahawy, Mona (2018-02-15). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/02/15/mosquemetoo-what-happened-when-i-was-sexually-assaulted-during-the-hajj/ &quot;Opinion | #MosqueMeToo: What happened when I was sexually assaulted during the hajj]&quot;. ''Washington Post''. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Dikai tse dingwe ====
Puisano ya ngwaga wa 2012 mo maranyaneng a Twitter gareng ga basadi ba ba berekang ka tsa metshameko, di bopagantswe mo hashtag #1reasonwhy, e ne ya supa fa go na le ditiro tsa go leswefatsa basadi ba ba dirisiwang mo metshemekong eo, go tshenngwa kwa tirong le go tlhoka go duelwa goa basadi go lekana le banna mo mohameng wa metshameko.&lt;ref&gt;Locker, Melissa (27 November 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225171958/https://newsfeed.time.com/2012/11/27/1reasonwhy-women-take-to-twitter-to-talk-about-sexism-in-video-game-industry/ &quot;#1ReasonWhy: Women Take to Twitter to Talk about Sexism in Video Game Industry&quot;]. ''Time''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Plunkett, Luke (27 November 2012). [https://kotaku.com/heres-a-devastating-account-of-the-crap-women-in-the-ga-5963528 &quot;Here's a Devastating Account of the Crap Women in the Games Business Have to Deal With. In 2012&quot;]. ''Kotaku''. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hamilton, Mary (28 November 2012). [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/gamesblog/2012/nov/28/games-industry-sexism-on-twitter &quot;#1reasonwhy: the hashtag that exposed games industry sexism&quot;.] ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hashtag ya '''#NotYourAsianSidekick''' e ne ya simolodiwa ke Suey Park le Juliet Shen ka kgwedi ya morule ngwaga wa 2013 mo maranyaneng a Twitter.&lt;ref&gt;Gupta, Arun (September 14, 2014). [https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bitcoin-activism-how-mich_b_5169731 &quot;Bitcoin Activism: How Michelle Malkin And Suey Park Found Common Cause In Hashtag Movements&quot;]. ''The Huffington Post''.&lt;/ref&gt;. Suey Park ke mokwadi o o ikemetseng ka nosi  o o itsegeng ka letsholo la Twitter la go emisa sethswantsho sa Colbert Show, fa Juliet Shen ene a ne a bua ka ditshwanelo tsa basadi ba ditso tsa Asian American. Ba simolotse hashtag e e le tsela ya go dira serala se go tla buiwang ka go sotlwa ga basadi le dikgang tse di lebaganeng basadi ba ditso tsa Asian American.&lt;ref&gt;Kim, Yoonj (December 17, 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/17/not-your-asian-sidekick-asian-women-feminism &quot;#NotYourAsianSidekick is a civil rights movement for Asian American women&quot;]. ''The Guardian''.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo dioureng di le masome a mabedi le bone, hashtag ya #NotYourAsianSidekick  e ne e dirisitswe dikete di le masome a mane le botlhano.&lt;ref&gt;Hirst, Michael (December 16, 2013). [https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-25399314 &quot;#BBCtrending: #NotYourAsianSidekick goes global&quot;.] ''The Guardian''.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''DeafTalent''' ke hashtag e e dirisiwang go supa bokgoni jwa batho ba ba senang kutlo kgotsa ba ba sa utlweng sentle. Pele ga hashtag e, mo mohameng wa bodiragatsi, badiragatsi ba ba utlwang ba ne ba dirisiwa go diragatsa fa go ka bong go diragatsa motho o o senang kutlo. Buka e e nang le dikitso tsotlhe ya Encyclopedia ya SAGE Deaf Studies e ne ya kwala jaana e re: &quot;go tsibogela seemo se, di hashtag tsa maranyane tsa #DeafTalent le #POCDeafTalent di ne tsa dirwa. Di hashtag tse pele di ne di dirisiwa go supa bothata jwa go dirisa batho ba banang le kutlo le puo ya diatla mo maranyaneng, mme jaanong di dirisiwa go ipelela bonsti jwa badiragatsi, baopedi le ba bangwe mo lefatsheng &lt;ref&gt;Giordano, Tyrone (2016). &quot;Actors&quot;. In Gertz, Genie; Boudreault, Patrick (eds.). ''The SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia''. SAGE Publications. p. 8. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-5956-7|978-1-4522-5956-7]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hashtag ya '''#Boymom''', e tsene mo maranyaneng go supa maiphitlhelo a batsadi ba bana ba basimane a tlhakatlhakano. Maranyane a Instagram a supagala e le sone serala se hashtag ya #Boymom e dirisiwang teng thata ka dipalo tsa didikadike di le lesome le bobedi. #Girlmom e kwa tlase thata ka dipalo ka didikadike di le nne fela. Gompieno go nna dikakanyetso mo hashtag e. Batho ba nganga gore e dira tikologo e bana ba la retelelwang ke go bua bong jwa bone. Batho bangwe ba ya bokgala jwa go supa gore bana ba basimane ba ratiwa go feta ba basetsana.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231128172503/http://studioblog.obvious.ly/obviously-insightful/2017/12/13/nt0wwmk91186asf893o69h0vr5wxon The #boymom problem]&quot;. 8 January 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

Bojanala bo bo feteletseng, ke kakanyo ya gore mafelo mangwe a a kgatlhang a etelwa ke dipalo tse dintsi tsa bajanala, se se baka ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo mafelong ao, hashtag e e dirisitswe thata fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2016, fa lefoko le le simolola morago ga gore kompone ya bojanala le dikgang tsa bojanala ya Skift e e dirise go supa bothata bo bo golelang pele jwa bojanala jo bo feteletseng, se se baka dipuisano tsa gore go ka tlhokomelwa bojanala jang gore go dirwe ka tsela e e lolameng.&lt;ref&gt;Ali, Rafat (2018-08-14). [https://skift.com/2018/08/14/the-genesis-of-overtourism-why-we-came-up-with-the-term-and-whats-happened-since/ &quot;The Genesis of Overtourism: Why We Came Up With the Term and What's Happened Since&quot;.] ''skift.com''. Skift. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tshekatsheko ya maranyane a Twitter e supa fa  mafaratlhatlha a #OverTourism a tshegeditswe ke palo e potlana ya baitseanape, ba ba nang le seabe se setona mo go emeleng, go anamisa, le go tsamaisa dikgang tsa setlhogo se.&lt;ref&gt;O'Regan, Michael; Choe, Jaeyeon (15 March 2022). [https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/overtourism-on-twitter-a-social-movement-for-change-or-an-echo-ch &quot;#overtourism on Twitter: a social movement for change or an echo chamber?&quot;]. ''Current Issues in Tourism''. '''26''' (7): 1082–1095. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi:]][https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13683500.2022.2047161 10.1080/13683500.2022.2047161].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go tsibosa ===
'''Go tswa kwa United States'''

'''&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;Kony2012'''
[[Setshwantsho:Kony 2012 Poster 3.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Kony sa ngwaga wa 2012]]
Kony 2012 ke motshameko wa motshikhinyego o mokhutshwane o o dirilweng ke lekgotla la Invisble Children Inc (ba e leng bakwadi ba Invisible Children). E ntshitswe ka ngwaga wa 2012, Mopitlo a le malatsi a matlhano.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309191432/http://www.globaltvbc.com/video/trending+now+kony+2012/video.html?v=2206826267#stories/video News Hour – Trending Now: Kony 2012]&quot;. Global TV. March 6, 2012. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lees, Philippa; Zavan, Martin (March 7, 2012). [http://www.news.ninemsn.com.au/world/8431277/kony-2012-sheds-light-on-uganda-conflict &quot;Kony 2012 sheds light on Uganda conflict&quot;]. Ninemsn. Retrieved 13 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130516124829/http://post-journal.com/page/content.detail/id/599038/Jackson-Center-To-Show-KONY-2012.html?nav=5004 Jackson Center To Show KONY2012]&quot;. [[:en:The_Post-Journal|The Post-Journal]]. February 14, 2012. Archived from [https://www.post-journal.com/page/content.detail/id/599038/Jackson-Center-To-Show-KONY-2012.html the original] on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17295078 Uganda rebel Joseph Kony target of viral campaign video]&quot;. ''BBC News''. March 8, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maikaelelo a setshwantsho khutswe se e ne e le go rotloetsa letsholo la lekgotla le le senang dipoelo le la go &quot;emisa Kony&quot;, o e leng moeteledipele wa lekoko la tlolo molao ya ntwa Joseph Kony&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17299084 Joseph Kony - child kidnapper, warlord, 'prophet]'&quot;. 2018-07-27. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;, gore le itsege gore a tle a tshwarelwe melato ya gagwe fa ngwaga wa 2012 o ya fifing,&lt;ref&gt;Myers, Julia (March 7, 2012). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120726043019/http://kykernel.com/2012/03/07/a-call-for-justice/ A call for justice]&quot;. ''Kentucky Kernel''. Archived from [https://kykernel.com/66098/sports/a-call-for-justice/ the original] on 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; fa letsholo leo le tla bo le ya bokhutlong. Setshwantsho se se aname ka tiriso ya hashtag #Kong2012.&lt;ref&gt;Neylon, Stephanie (March 7, 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120308142114/http://www.theyorker.co.uk/news/citynews/10807 &quot;Kony fever hits York!&quot;]. ''The Yorker''. Archived from [http://www.theyorker.co.uk/news/citynews/10807 the original] on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 713 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Molloy, Mark (March 7, 2012). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309103031/http://www.metro.co.uk/tech/892373-kony-2012-campaign-shedding-light-on-uganda-conflict-a-huge-online-success Kony 2012: Campaign Shedding light on Uganda Conflict a Huge Online Success&quot;.] ''[[:en:Metro_(British_newspaper)|Metro]]''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nelson, Sara C. (March 7, 2012). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/03/07/kony-2012-invisible-children-documentary-sheds-light-on-uganda-conflict-video_n_1326183.html &quot;Kony 2012: Invisible Children Documentary Sheds Light On Uganda Conflict&quot;.] ''[[:en:HuffPost|Huffington Post]]''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;WhyIStayed (Ke eng fa ke sa tsamaya)'''

Ka ngwaga wa 2014, pego ya dikgang ya setsaya dinepe sa tshireletso e ne ya supa motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao Ray Rice a keteka mokapelo wa gagwe ka mabole Janay Rice, se se ne sa tsosa mokubukubu wa gore ke eng fa batswasetlhabelo sa kgokgontsho ba nna mo maratong ao. Go tsibogela potso e, mokwadi ebile e le o a kileng a feta ka seemo sa kgokgontsho, Beverly Gooden o ne a simolola hashtag ya #WhyIStayed mo maranyaneng a Twitter e le maiteko a go fetola ka fa batho ba akanyang ka teng. Hashtag e ne ya simolola go anama mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso dioura di le tlhano fela e sena go diriwa, e dirisitswe diketse di le masome mane le borataro letsatsi leo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/09/10/why-i-stayed-hashtag-twitter-ray-rice/15385027/ &quot;#WhyIStayed: Powerful stories of domestic violence&quot;]. ''usatoday.com''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Beverly o ne a tlhagelela mo setshwantshong sa NPR sa All Things Considered go bua ka bolweladitshwanelo jwa hashtag e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.npr.org/2014/12/23/372729058/hashtag-activism-in-2014-tweeting-why-i-stayed &quot;Hashtag Activism In 2014: Tweeting 'Why I Stayed' : NPR&quot;]. ''npr.org''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;FakeNews (Dikgang tse di seng boammaruri)'''
[[Setshwantsho:Donald Trump and Pope Francis (24486540493).jpg|thumb|Mopapa Francis, o makatsa lefatshe, o ema nokeng Donald Trump go nna tautona.]]
Fa dikgang tse di seng boammaruri kgotsa tse di rotloediwang ke polotiki, di se dišha, go phatlalala ga dikgang tse di seng boammaruri go simolotse go lemosega thata fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2016, ka ditlhopho tsa kwa United States. Hashtag #FakeNews e ne ya tuma ka ngwaga wa 2016 fa Donald Trump a ne a supa fa dikgang tse di le kgatlhanong le ene e le ka ntlha ya dikgang tse di seng boammaruri. Fa e sale ka tshimologo ya hashtag e, go nnilele ke koketsego mo melaong ya go gasa dikgang tse di seng boammaruri se, se dirile gore di amane thata le sepolotiki ebile dikgang di tlhotlhiwe thata. Go nna teng ga maranyane go letleletse gore dikgang tse di seng boammaruri di aname ka pele go gaisa dikgang tsa gale le gale, se sa baka gore dikomponetsa maranyane di tlhotlhe dikgang tse di seng boammaruri.

Sekai sa #FakeNews se tswa mo maranyaneng a WTOF 5 a dikgang. Setlhogo se balega se re: &quot;Mopapa Francis, o gakgamatsa lefatshe ka go ema Donald Trump nokeng mo go emeleng botautona&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;CNBC.com, Hannah Ritchie, Special to (2016-12-30). [https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/30/read-all-about-it-the-biggest-fake-news-stories-of-2016.html &quot;Read all about it: The biggest fake news stories of 2016]&quot;. ''CNBC''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka thuso ya maranyane a Facebook, tsebe e e ne ya itemogela batho ba ba e boneng ba ka nna dikete di le makgolo a ferabongwe le masome a marataro, se se dira gore e nne nngwe ya tse di etetsweng thata ka ngwaga wa 2016

'''&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;ProtectOurWinters (Somarelang mariga a rona)'''

SireletsA mariga  a rona ke letsholo e bile ke lekgotla le le senang dipoelo le le simolotsweng ke Jeremy Jones&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;[https://protectourwinters.org/about-pow/ &quot;About Us&quot;]. ''POW''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le batshameki ba bangwe ba metshameko ya paka ya mariga go tsibosa batho ka go thuthafala ga lefatshe le go fetoga ga seemo sa loapi. Letsholo le le simologile ka ngwaga wa 2016 e le go tsibogela gore e be e ne e le nngwe ya dingwaga tse di molelo thata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Studies, NASA's Goddard Institute for Space (18 January 2017). [https://science.nasa.gov/earth/climate-change/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-on-record-globally/ &quot;NASA, NOAA data show 2016 warmest year on record globally&quot;]. ''Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Letsholo le le supa ditlamorago tsa go thuthafala ga lefatshe ka tse di amang metshameko ya mariga le go ya godimo ga phefo e e sa femiweng ke batho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Arvesen, Amelia (24 February 2018). [https://www.snewsnet.com/news/pow-climate-change &quot;New climate change report from Protect Our Winters&quot;]. ''SNEWS''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Sireletsa mariga a rona, e kopa batho go nna podi matseba ka ditlamorago tsa go thuthafala ga lefatshe le go tsaya kgato ka go ithaopa, go tlhopha le go abela lekgotla leo.

'''#FreeBritney (Gololang Britney)'''

ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 2019, puisano ya mo maranyaneng ya barati le balatedi ba ga Britney Spears, e e bidiwang Britney's Gram, e ne ya upolola dikakanyetso tsa ntlha tsa gore o a kgokgontshiwa mo tlhokomelong ya madi le dithoto tsa gagwe, mme ba dira hashtag ya #FreeBritney. Lefoko le ka bo lone le ne le kile la dirisiwa ke barati le balatedi ka ngwaga wa 2008.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.newyorker.com/news/american-chronicles/britney-spears-conservatorship-nightmare &quot;Britney Spears's Conservatorship Nightmare&quot;.] ''The New Yorker''. 2021-07-03. Retrieved 12 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ga mmogo le go buelela go emisiwa ga go tlhokomelelwa madi le dithoto ga gagwe le go tlhotlhomisa, hashtag e le letsholo la yone di dirisitswe go tsibosa batho mo lefatsheng la United States ka kgokgontsho ya mofuta o.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709170756/https://www.freebritney.army/ &quot;FreeBritney.army]&quot;. ''FreeBritney.army''. [https://www.freebritney.army/ Archived] from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 12 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Hashtag e e ne ya dira gore go nne le phetogo ya molao kwa California tebang le dikgato tsa molao mo tlhokomelong ya madi le dithoto tsa motho, mme ya rotloetsa gore go botsolosiwe ka molao o ke bantlokgolo ya puso.&lt;ref&gt;Colliver, Victoria (30 September 2021). [https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2021/09/30/newsom-signs-freebritney-bill-to-help-reform-conservatorship-laws-9427463 &quot;Newsom signs #FreeBritney bill to help reform conservatorship laws&quot;]. ''Politico PRO''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://rollcall.com/2021/09/28/experts-to-senators-free-britney-and-other-people-in-toxic-conservatorships/ &quot;Experts to senators: Free Britney ... and other people in toxic conservatorships&quot;]. ''Roll Call''. 2021-09-28. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#PublishingPaidMe'''

E e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2020 ke L. L McKinney, hashtag e e dirisitswe ke bakwadi ba dibuka go buisana ka pharologanyo ya dituelo tse di amogelwang ke bagatisi ba dibuka fa ba gatisetsa batho bantsho le ba ba seng ba mmala o montsho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.npr.org/2020/06/08/872470156/-publishingpaidme-authors-share-their-advances-to-expose-racial-disparities &quot;#PublishingPaidMe: Authors Share Their Advances To Expose Racial Disparities&quot;]. ''NPR.org''. Retrieved 13 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tsa mafatshe a sele ====
'''#BringBackOurGirls (Busang basetsana ba rona)'''
[[Setshwantsho:Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg|thumb|Mohamagadi Michelle Obama o simolotse hashtag ya #BringBackOurGirls]]
Lekoko la ditsuulodi la Boko Harama le ne la utswa ba basetsana ba sekolo ba le makgolo a mabedi kwa Chibok, Nigeria, ka ngwaga wa 2014, kgwedi ya Motsheganong, ba gana go busa basetsana bao.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-girls-idUSBREA4A0B620140512/ &quot;Boko Haram offers to swap kidnapped Nigerian girls for prisoners&quot;]. ''Reuters''. 2014-05-12. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Hashtag ya #BringbackOurGirls e ne ya dirwa ya bo ya dirisiwa ka tsholofelo ya gore kgang e e nne mo metsweding ya dikgang le go itsese ba mafatshe a sele ka yone.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140513021954/http://www.siliconbeat.com/2014/05/12/hashtag-activism-and-the-case-of-the-kidnapped-nigerian-girls/ Hashtag Activism&quot; and the case of the kidnapped Nigerian girls]&quot;. Silicon Beat. 2014-05-12. Archived from [https://www.mercurynews.com/tag/siliconbeat/2014/05/12/hashtag-activism-and-the-case-of-the-kidnapped-nigerian-girls/ the original] on 2014-05-13. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; hashtag e e dirisitswe pele ke mmueledi wa tsa pereko Ibrahim Adbullahi, mme e dirisitswe gape ke batho ba tshwana le mohumagadi wa ga tautona wa pele wa kwa United Sates Michelle Obama, o o e dirisitseng go tsibosa batho ka basetsana ba ba thapilweng ba.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/hashtag-wars-whos-behind-nigeria-bringbackourgirls-movement-n100771 &quot;Hashtag Wars: Who's Behind the Nigeria #BringBackOurGirls Movement]&quot;. ''NBC News''. 8 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;McVeigh, Tracy (2014-05-11). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/10/michelle-obama-nigeria-presidential-address &quot;Michelle Obama raises pressure over kidnapped schoolgirls&quot;]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;Hashtag e ka bo yone e amogetse tiriso, makgetho a le didikadike di le pedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2014/05/11/george_will_hashtag_activism_not_intended_to_have_any_effect_on_the_real_world.html &quot;George Will: Hashtag Activism &quot;Not Intended To Have Any Effect On The Real World&quot;&quot;]. Real Clear Politics. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#AmINext (A ke a latela)'''

Ka paka ya letlhafula ya ngwaga wa 2014, mosadi wa kwa Canada Holly Jarrett o ne a dira hashatg ya #AmiNext le letsholo go tsibosa batho batho ka go goga dinao ga puso ya lefatshe la Canad mo dipalong tse di golelenag pele tsa kgokgontsho ya basadi ba ko lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/aminext-aboriginal-womens-message-to-stephen-harper-goes-vial/article20518700/ &quot;#AmINext: Aboriginal women's message to Stephen Harper&quot;]. ''The Globe and Mail''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Letsholo le le akaretsa batho ba itsaya dinepe ba tshwere dipamphitshana di kwadilwe #AmiNext ba bo ba di tsenya mo aranyaneng a itloso bodutu. letsholo le le ne le diritswe go rotloetsa dipuisano ka go tlhoka go bonala le go nna bokoa ga basadi le go supa go tlhoka go tsiboga ga puso mo go tlhotlhomiseng dipolao le go nyelela ga bone.&lt;ref&gt;Burman, Jenny (28 April 2016). &quot;Multicultural Feeling, Feminist Rage, Indigenous Refusal&quot;. ''Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies''. '''16''' (4): 361–372. doi:[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1532708616638693 10.1177/1532708616638693]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/132dea61b41ab5889edf0bca9b89dc419cfae9bf 147901131].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cbc.ca/news/why-holly-jarrett-started-am-i-next-1.2759123 &quot;Why Holly Jarrett started Am I Next&quot;]. ''CBC News''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Holly o ne a rotloetsega go dira hashtag e le letsholo la teng ka ntsalae Loretta Saunders wa kwa Labrador, a ne a nyelela mme morago a fitlhelwa a tlhokafetse mo thoko ga tsela kwa Canada. Morago ga letsholo le, puso e ne ya dira fa go kwalwang maina a ba ba nyeletseng teng, mme ya itsese batho ka dintlha di le masome a mararo tsa go itshireletsa ga bomme.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/aminext-aims-to-raise-awareness-about-murdered-aboriginal-women-1.2765405 &quot;#AmINext aims to raise awareness about murdered aboriginal women&quot;.] ''CBC News''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#PrayForparis (Rapelela Paris)'''

Legare la Paris le ne la itemogela tlhaselo e eneng e sa solofelwa ya ditsuulodi, se sa baka maiteko a lefatshe ka bophara go tsibosa ka seemo se. ka nakao ya tiragaloe, ditsuulodi di ne di apare mabante a go ipolaya, mme tlhaselo e e neng ya diragala morago e ne ya makatsa batho. Ditsuulodi di ne di loga leano la go tsena mo lobaleng lwa metshameko le batho ba bangwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34818994 &quot;Paris attacks: What happened on the night&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 2015-12-09. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le ntwa motho o a ne a kganelwa go tsena, se se ne se supa ka fa batho ba bayang matshelo a bone mo diphatseng ka teng ba baya le a ba bangwe mo kotsing. Morago ga tiragalo e, batho ba feta didikadike di le masome a supa ba ne ba simolola go bega dikgang tse mo maranyaneng ka go farologana gore di fitlhelele batho ba le bantsi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250316041151/https://time.com/4114288/paris-instagram/ &quot;70 Million People Shared Their Prayers for Paris on Instagram&quot;]. ''Time''. Retrieved 13 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Sekai, maranyane a Facebook a ne a letla badirisi ba one go fetola senepe sa bone go nna senepe se se lotsatsa sa folaga ya France go supa kemo nokeng ya bone mo batswasetlhabelong ba tiragalo e. Maranyane a Twitter le one a ne a dirisiwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le go dirisa folaga e e lotsatsa mo Twitter, hashtag e ne ya dirwa go gatelela kemo nokeng. Hshtag e ya #PrayForparis, e ne e letla badirisi go anamisa kemo nokeng gore batho ba iste ka tiragalo ba bo ba kgone go tobetsa go itse go le gontsi ka yone. Le ntswa go dirisitswe maranyane, seabe sa batho ba ba botlana le sone se ne se bonala. Sekai, ngwana wa mosimane o ne a tshwantsha dikakanyo tsa gagwe mo pampiring, a tsenya le molaetsa o o reng: &quot;Go thunya morago ga go thunya, modumo morago ga o mongwe, go tshameka ka matshelo a a senang molato.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Evans, Natalie (2015-11-17). [https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/pray-paris-schoolboys-heartbreaking-tribute-6845094 &quot;Schoolboy's heartbreaking tribute to victims of Paris terror attacks&quot;]. ''mirror''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#flygskam'''

Flygskam ke lefoko la puo ya Swedish le le rayang go tlhabelwa ke ditlhong go tsamaya ka sefofane. ke leina la letsholo le le kgatlhanong le go fofa le le tswang kwa Sweden ngwaga o o fetileng, le le rotloetsang batho go emisa go tsamaya ka difofane go fokotsa phefo e e sa siamelang tikologo le loapi. kakanyo e e simolotse ka motshameki wa di olympics Bjorn Ferry mme ya anama morago ga gore mmagwe lekgarejwana la molweladitshwanelo Greta Thunberg, ebong seopedi sa moepelo wa opera Malena Ernman, a supe fa a tla a emisa go tsamaya ka difofane, batho ba ba itsegeng ba kwa Sweden ba simolola go sala morago. Thurnberg o ne a tsamaya ka terena gantsi fa a ne a le kwa Europe dibeke tse pedi.&lt;ref&gt;Coffey, Helen (10 January 2020). [https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/flygskam-anti-flying-flight-shaming-sweden-greta-thornberg-environment-air-travel-train-brag-tagskryt-a8945196.html &quot;Flygskam: What Is The Flight-Shaming Environmental Movement That's Sweeping Europe?&quot;]. ''independent.co.uk''. The Independent. Archived from [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/0CY3v the original] on 2022-05-09. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Bolweladitshwanelo bo bo bone maduo a a tiileng kwa Sweden ka thekiso ya dithekete tsa difofane e ile tlase ka 4% fa e sale ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 2020 ka ntlha ya go nna le kitso ka phefo e e sa siamang e e bakiwang ke difofane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51067440 &quot;Sweden sees rare fall in air passengers, as flight-shaming takes off&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''#CoronaVirus'''

&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;Coronavirus, #COVID-19 le #Covid_19 ke dingwe dihashtag di le mmalwa tse di buang ka bolwetsi jwa Coronavirus jwa 2019 bo bo semologileng kwa Wuhan kwa [[China]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen &quot;Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) - events as they happen&quot;]. ''who.int''. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jen Christensen; Meera Senthilingam (20 January 2020). [https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/20/health/what-is-coronavirus-explained/index.html &quot;Coronavirus: Should you be worried?&quot;]. ''CNN''. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Hashtag e e oketsegile ka lobelo lo lo gakgamatsang morago ga gore lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la tsa botsogo (WHO) le itsise setšhaba ka bolwetse bo ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 2020.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 &quot;WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020&quot;]. ''who.int''. Retrieved 13 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Fa go lebilwe tiriso ya Hashtag e mo maranyaneng a Twitter go tswa kwa Symplur, e supa kwelo tlase ya tiriso ya yone go tswa kwa diketeng di le masome a matlhano, makgolo a supa le masome a marataro le boraro ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le boraro go ya kwa go dikete di le masome a mararo le botlhano, makgolo a supa, masome a ferabongwe le botlhano ka letsatsi la lesome le boferabobedi la kgwedi eo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.symplur.com/healthcare-hashtags/coronavirus/ &quot;#Coronavirus - Healthcare Social Media Analytics and Transcripts&quot;.] ''Symplur''. 2014-07-29. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maduo ==
Bolwelwaditshwanelo go dirisiwa Hashtah, go supilwe ke ba ba kgatlhanong fa e le tsela ya go sa dire sepe se kalo mo ba go bitsa &quot;slacktivism&quot;. DiHashtag, go rata, go anamisa le go dirisa gape, tshotlhe di bonwa ke baema kgatlhanong e e le kemo nokeng ya go ikgolola e e dirang diphetogo di se kae fela ebile di sa tlhoke seabe sepe.&lt;ref&gt;Cabrera, Nolan L.; Matias, Cheryl E.; Montoya, Roberto (December 2017). [https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2017-14877-001.html &quot;Activism or slacktivism? The potential and pitfalls of social media in contemporary student activism&quot;.] ''Journal of Diversity in Higher Education''. '''10''' (4): 400–415. doi:[https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2017-14877-001.html 10.1037/dhe0000061]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1938-8934 1938-8934]. S2CID 151362391.&lt;/ref&gt; Bo motlhofo jwa bolweladitshwanelo ka tiriso ya hashtag, go bakile matshwenyego a gore batho ba ka a dirisa phetelela mme ga lapisa setšhaba. Baema kgatlhanong ba supa fa go lwela ditshwanelo ka tiriso ya hashtag go dira gore batsaya karolo ba kgotsofalele go tshwenyega ga setšhaba go na le go tsaya kgato.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Go bo go dirwa motho a kgobile, go tlhaela lorato lo lo kileng lwa bo lo supiwa mo matsholong a metlha ya pele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

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    <title>Diekere tse masome a mane le mmoulo</title>
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      <text bytes="84198" sha1="eo9b4xos4codg04wf9pv1j8bukgqqqr" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:General William T. Sherman (4190887790) (cropped).jpg|thumb|General William T. Sherman, yo o neng a ntsha taolo ya tshimologo ya diekere le mmoulo.]]
'''Diekere tse masome a mane le mmoulo''' di kaya karolo ya botlhokwa ya '''Special Field Orders, No. 15''' '''(motseletsele wa 1865)''', taelo ya nako ya ntwa e e neng ya goelediwa ke mojenerale wa Union William Tecumseh Sherman ka Firikgong a le lesome le borataro, 1865, ka nako ya Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika, go abela malapa mangwe a a golotsweng lefatshe, mo dipolotong tsa lefatshe tse di sa feteng diekere tse masome a mane.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi] E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Moragonyana Sherman o ne a laela sesole gore se adime meboulo go dira maiteko a go fetola temothuo. Ditaelo tse di ne tsa latela motseletsele wa dipuisano magareng ga Mokwaledi wa Ntwa Edwin M. Stanton le bafedisi ba Rephaboliki Charles Sumner le Thaddeus Stevens&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;[[:en:Henry_Louis_Gates,_Jr.|Gates, Henry Louis Jr.]] (7 January 2013). [https://www.theroot.com/the-truth-behind-40-acres-and-a-mule-1790894780 &quot;The Truth Behind '40 Acres and a Mule'&quot;]. ''The Root''. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a marataro ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; morago ga go kgoreletsega ya motheo wa bokgoba o o neng o tsositswe ke Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika. Ba ne ba dira gore go tsewe diekere di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a marataro tsa lefatshe go bapa le lotshitshi la Atlantic la South Carolina, Georgia, le Florida le go le kgaoganya go nna dikarolo tse di sa feteng diekere tse masome a mane,&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;[http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&amp;cc=moawar&amp;idno=waro0099&amp;node=waro0099%3A2&amp;view=image&amp;seq=62&amp;size=100 O.R. Series 1, Volume 47, Part 2, 60–62]&lt;/ref&gt; tse mo go tsone go neng go tshwanetse ga agiwa malapa a mangwe a a ka nnang dikete tse lesome le boferabobedi a batho ba bantsho ba ba neng ba nna mo lefelo leo.

Batho ba le bantsi ba ba golotsweng ba ne ba dumela, morago ga go bolelelwa ke batho ba ba farologaneng ba dipolotiki, gore ba na le tshwanelo ya go nna le lefatshe le ba neng ba pateleditswe go le bereka jaaka makgoba mme ba ne ba tlhoafaletse go laola dithoto tsa bone. Batho ba ba golotsweng ba ne ba solofetswe thata go batla diekere di le masome mane tsa lefatshe ka fa molaong.&lt;ref&gt;Foner, Eric (2014). Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution, 1863–1877. Harper. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0062035868|978-0062035868]]. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877900566 877900566].&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[:en:Wikipedia:Citing_sources|page needed]]]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, motlhatlhami wa ga Abraham Lincoln jaaka tautona, e bong Andrew Johnson, o ne a leka go busetsa morago boikaelelo jwa Taelo ya ga Sherman ya nako ya ntwa ya bolesome le botlhano le dipeelo tse di tshwanang tse di akareditsweng mo melaong ya bobedi ya Lekala la Freedmen.

Go abiwa gape ga lefatshe gongwe go ne ga dirwa kafa tlase ga taolo ya sesole ka nako ya ntwa le ka lobaka le lekhutshwane morago ga moo. Le fa go ntse jalo, molao wa puso le wa puso ya kgaolo ka nako ya Kagosesha e ne e gatelela tiro e e duelwang, e seng go nna le lefatshe, mo bathong ba bantsho. Mo e ka nnang lefatshe lotlhe le le neng la abiwa ka nako ya ntwa le ne la busediwa kwa beng ba lone ba basweu ba pele ga ntwa.&lt;ref&gt;fultonk (6 January 2013). [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/the-truth-behind-40-acres-and-a-mule/ &quot;The Truth Behind '40 Acres and a Mule' | African American History Blog&quot;]. ''The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross''. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditshaba di le mmalwa tsa batho bantsho di ne di nna di laola lefatshe la tsone, mme malapa mangwe a ne a bona lefatshe le lesha ka go nna mo magaeng. Go nna le lefatshe la batho bantsho go ne ga oketsega thata kwa Mississippi, segolobogolo mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga. Puso e ne e na le lefatshe le lentsi le le sa tlhabololwang le le kwa tlase (lefatshe le le kwa tlase la alluvial gaufi le noka) ka fa morago ga mafelo a a fa thoko ga noka a a neng a lemilwe pele ga ntwa. Bontsi jwa batho bantsho ba ne ba bona lefatshe ka ditirisano tsa makala a ikemetseng, ka bong jwa lefatshe bo ne bo fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa diekere di le didikadike di le lesome le botlhano (diheketara di le didikadike di le thataro le motso) kgotsa ~23,000 square miles ka 1910, pele ga kwelotlase e e atolositsweng ya matlole e baka mathata a a neng a felela ka tatlhegelo ya dithoto mo go ba le bantsi.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|citation needed]]]&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Tsholofetso ya Lefatshe le go Itshetsa ===
Taelo e e kgethegileng ya lefatshe ya ga Mojenerale William Tecumseh Sherman No. 15, e e neng ya ntshiwa ka Firikgong a le lesome le borataro, 1865, e ne e le karabo e e tlhamaletseng ya ditlhokego le dikeletso tsa ka bonako tsa batho ba le diketekete ba ba kileng ba bo ba le makgoba ba ba neng ba setse mophato wa gagwe morago go ralala Georgia le Carolinas. Taelo eno e ne ya tlhopha lefatshe le le tserweng la Dikgaolo Tse di Kopaneng, bogolo jang go bapa le lotshitshi go tswa kwa Charleston, kwa Carolina Borwa, go ya kwa Jacksonville, kwa Florida, gore malapa ao a a sa tswang go gololwa a nne mo go lone. E ne ya abela ka tlhamalalo ditsha tsa '''&quot;diekere tse di sa feteng masome a mane tsa lefatshe le le ka lengwang&quot;''' go lelwapa lengwe le lengwe, ka tsholofelo ya gore le bone ba tla amogela mmoulo wa sesole, le fa dimmoulo di ne di sa nne teng ka tlhomamo. Taelo e ne ya neela &quot;ditlhogo tsa go nna le lefatshe&quot; ka tlhamalalo, ka maikaelelo a go tlamela ka motheo wa semolao wa go nna le go lema.&lt;ref&gt;''Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877''. pp. 70–73.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo bathong ba ba golotsweng, tsholofetso e e ne e le ya phetogo; e ne e sa emele fela go ikemela ka nosi mo itsholelong mme gape e ne e le mofuta o o bonalang wa tshiamiso le motheo wa go itlhophela morago ga dikokomana tsa go patelediwa go dira tiro e e bokete le go sa duelwe sepe. E ne ya godisa tsholofelo e e tseneletseng ya thulaganyo e ntsha ya loago le itsholelo kwa Borwa, kwa makgoba a pele a neng a tla nna beng ba lefatshe go na le go boela kwa seemong sa go ikaega.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-40-acres-and-mule/ &quot;The Reconstruction Era: The Promise of 40 Acres and a Mule&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/special-field-orders-no-15 &quot;National Archives: Special Field Orders, No. 15&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tshimologo ==
Maaforika a Amerika a ne a lebane le kgethololo e e masisi mme a ne a tsholwa jaaka setlhopha se se tlhaolegileng sa &quot;semorafe&quot; ke melao e e neng e tlhoka kgaogano ya semorafe le go thibela go tlhaolwa ga merafe e e farologaneng.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925|Woodson 1925]], p. xv&lt;/ref&gt; Pele ga Ntwa ya Selegae, bontsi jwa Maaforika a Amerika a a gololesegileng a ne a nna kwa Bokone, kwa bokgoba bo neng bo fedisitswe gone. Maaforika a Amerika a a gololesegileng gantsi a ne a tsewa e le matshosetsi a go utswa ditiro mo setshabeng ka gonne gantsi ba ne ba iketleeleditse go berekela dituelo tse di kwa tlase go feta batho basweu. Mo godimo ga moo, ba ne ba tsewa e le tlhotlheletso e e kotsi mo bathong ba ba neng ba santse ba le makgoba. Ka ntlha ya se, makgoba a a golotsweng a ne a sa amogelesege mo mafelong a le mantsi a Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925|Woodson 1925]], pp. xvi–xviii&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwa Borwa, melao ya go tsamayatsamaya e ne e letleletse dikgaolo go pateletsa Maaforika a Amerika a a gololesegileng go bereka mme ka dinako tse dingwe go ba rekisa go nna makgoba.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925|Woodson 1925]], pp. xxiiv–xxiv&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925|Woodson 1925]], pp. xli–xlii&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, Maaforika a Amerika a a gololesegileng go ralala kgaolo a ne a dira ditiro tse di farologaneng, go akaretsa le palo e nnye e e neng e na le dipolase tse di atlegileng le go di tsamaisa.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925|Woodson 1925]], pp. xxxvi, xlii–xlii&lt;/ref&gt; Ba bangwe ba ne ba nna kwa Canada e e kwa Godimo (e jaanong e leng Borwa jwa Ontario), e leng kwa bokhutlong jwa [[Seporo sa ka fa tlatse ga lefatshe|Seporo sa Kafa Tlase ga Lefatshe]], le kwa Nova Scotia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Go farologana le bokone jwa Amerika kwa Maaforika a Amerika a a gololesegileng a neng a kgona go bona ditsha tse dintsi, motheo wa bokgoba kwa borwa jwa Amerika o ne wa amoga dikokomana tse dintsi tsa Maaforika a Amerika tshono ya go nna le lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925|Woodson 1925]], pp. xx, xxxviii–xl&lt;/ref&gt; Ka fa molaong, makgoba a ne a sa kgone go nna le sepe. Mme mo tirisong, ba ne ba bona matlotlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMitchell2001|Mitchell 2001]], pp. 523–524&lt;/ref&gt; Fa bokgoba jo bo kafa molaong bo ntse bo fela, batho basweu ba ne ba sa dumalane ka tsela e makgoba a a golotsweng a tshwanetseng go tshwarwa ka yone. Bangwe ba ne ba tshegetsa gore masimo a makgoba a a golotsweng a neng a a lemile kwantle ga pusetso a tshwanetse go tsewa mo go beng ba one ba pele mme a newe bone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFFoner1988|Foner 1988]], p. 277: &quot;Unlike freedmen in other countries, however, American blacks emerged from slavery convinced both that they had a ''right'' to a portion of their former owner's land, and that the national government had committed itself to land distribution.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ba bangwe, ka go tshaba go tlhakanngwa ga &quot;letso&quot; go go neng go tla tlisa go ba letla go nna kwa U.S., ba ne ba batla gore ba romelwe &quot;go sele&quot;. Dithulaganyo tsa kolone ya makgoba a a golotsweng di simolotse ka 1801 fa James Monroe a ne a kopa Tautona Thomas Jefferson go thusa go tlhama kolone ya kotlhao ya batho bantsho ba ba tsuologang.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943|Dyer 1943]], p. 54&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lacy K. Ford (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xEC9K7quBoEC&amp;pg=PA62 Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South]''. Oxford University Press. p. 62. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-19-975108-2&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mokgatlho wa Bokolone wa Amerika (ACS) o ne wa tlhamiwa ka 1816 go lebagana le kgang ya Maaforika a Amerika a a gololesegileng ka go nna (e seng go nna gape) kwa mafatsheng a sele.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWoodson1925|Woodson 1925]], pp. xl–xli&lt;/ref&gt; Le mororo go ne go tlotliwa ka go ba nna mo lefatsheng lengwe le le sa tlhabololwang mo mafelong a masha a bophirima kana go ba thusa go fudugela kwa Canada kana kwa Mexico, ACS e ne ya swetsa ka gore e ba romele kwa Afrika. Ba ne ba tlhopha setsha se se gaufi thata se se neng se le teng, ka jalo ba fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa dipalangwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dira bokolone go ne go le bonya e bile go tura mme go ne go sa kgatlhegelwe ke bontsi jwa Maaforika a Amerika a a neng a se na kamano le Aforika kgotsa a a kgatlhegela. Bangwe ba pele ba neng ba le makgoba ba ne ba tlhagisa gore ga se Maaforika go feta Maamerika a masweu a ne a le Maborithane.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[:en:Wikipedia:Citation_needed|citation needed]]]&lt;/sup&gt; Magareng ga 1822 le Ntwa ya Selegae ya Amerika, Mokgatlho wa Bokolone wa Amerika o ne o fuduseditse Maaforika a Amerika a a gololesegileng a ka nna dikete tse lesome le botlhano kwa Liberia.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/liberian-independence-proclaimed &quot;July 26, 1847 Liberian independence proclaimed&quot;], This Day In History, History website.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, palo eo e ne e emela karolo e nnye fela ya batho ba le didikadike di le supa le sephatlo ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ba neng ba tloga ba gololesega. Ka kgololo ya bontsi e ne e le gaufi, go ne go sena tumalano ka ga gore go dirwe eng ka makgoba a bantsho a a neng a tloga a gololwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970|Bonekemper 1970]], pp. 171–172&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970|Bonekemper 1970]], pp. 171–172&lt;/ref&gt; Kgang e e ne e sa bolo go itsege mo balaoding ba basweu jaaka &quot;Bothata jwa Bantsho&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943|Dyer 1943]], p. 53&lt;/ref&gt;

Go naya setlhopha sotlhe sa batho thebolelo ya lefatshe e ne e se selo se se sa tlwaelesegang mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabobedi le la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga. Go ne go na le lefatshe le lentsi mo e leng gore gantsi le ne le newa mongwe le mongwe yo o ratang go le lema mahala. Sekai, Thomas Jefferson o ne a akaretsa mo moalong wa gagwe wa molaomotheo wa phetogo wa Virginia ka 1776 kakanyo ya go newa diekere di le masome matlhano go monna mongwe le mongwe yo o gololesegileng yo o neng a sa ntse a se na madi ao.&lt;ref&gt;[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/jeffcons.asp &quot;Draft Constitution of Virginia&quot;]. 1776.&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga moo, Molao wa Preemption wa 1841, o o neng wa latelwa ke Melao e le mmalwa ya Homestead e e neng ya fetisiwa magareng ga 1862 le 1916, ka go farologana e ne ya neela magareng ga diekere di le lekgolo le masome a marataro le makgolo a marataro le masome a mane (karolo ya kotara go ya go karolo e e tletseng) ya lefatshe. Le fa go ntse jalo, Maaforika a Amerika a a gololesegileng ka kakaretso a ne a sa tshwanelwa go nna le magae ka gonne e ne e se baagi. Se se ne sa fetoga ka go fetisiwa ga Tlhabololo ya Bolesome le bone ka 1868 e e neng ya neela &quot;batho botlhe ba ba tsetsweng kgotsa ba ba tsetsweng mo Amerika&quot; boagi. Se se ne sa nonotshiwa gape ke go fetisiwa ga Tlhabololo ya Bolesometlhano ka 1870 e e neng ya naya baagi botlhe, go sa kgathalesege &quot;letso, mmala, kgotsa maemo a pele a botlhanka&quot;, tshwanelo ya go tlhopha.

== Ntwa ==
Congress e ne ya fetisa Molao wa go Tseela Dithoto wa 1861, o o neng o letla Sesole sa Kopano go tsaya dithoto ka fa molaong ka nako ya fa e ne e lwa le Borwa. Molao o o ne o naya masole tetla ya go gapa dithoto tsa ditsuolodi, go akaretsa le lefatshe le makgoba. Tota e bile, e ne e bontsha boammaaruri jo bo neng bo atologa ka bonako jwa dikampa tsa batshabi tsa batho bantsho tse di neng di tlhagile go dikologa Sesole sa Kopano. Diponagalo tseo tse di bonalang tsa &quot;Bothata jwa Bantsho&quot; di ne tsa tsosa kganetsano mo gare ga maloko a le mantsi a maemo a a kwa godimo a Union, mme seo sa dira gore go tlhokege boeteledipele jo bo eteletsweng pele ke badiredi.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFEngs1979|Engs 1979]], p. 26. &quot;The North, unprepared for war, was even more unprepared for the burden of caring for thousands of fleeing bondsmen. The only organization which could perform this monumental task was the Union army. But to most army men, freedmen were at best a nuisance. At worst, they were representatives of the despised race for whom Northern white men were being asked to kill or be killed.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kampa e kgolo ya dithoto tse di thibetsweng ===
Morago ga go ikgaoganya, Union e ne ya nna e laola Fort Monroe kwa Hampton kwa lotshitshing lwa Virginia Borwa. Makgoba a a neng a tshaba a ne a itlhaganelela kwa lefelong leo, a solofetse gore a tla sirelediwa ke Sesole sa Confederate. (Le ka bonako le go feta, baagi ba basweu ba toropo ba ne ba tshabela kwa Richmond.)&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970|Bonekemper 1970]], p. 169&lt;/ref&gt; Moeteledi Benjamin Butler o ne a tlhoma sekao sa masole a Union ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bone, 1861, fa a ne a gana go neela makgoba a a tshabetseng kwa Confederates ba ba neng ba re ke beng ba bone. Butler o ne a bolela gore makgoba a thibetswe ke ntwa mme a ba letla go nna le Sesole sa Kopano.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFJackson1925|Jackson 1925]], p. 133. &quot;Nevertheless, shady though some of his tactics may have been in the opinion of some, Butler is to be rated as famous for the stand he took on that morning of the twenty-fourth of May when he declared that the escaped slave who stood before him should not be returned to his master but that he and all others who so came were to be regarded as contraband of war. From this time forward all escaped and abandoned slaves in the South were frequently known as 'contrabands.'&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phukwi 1861, go ne go na le makgoba a le makgolo a mararo a &quot;dithoto tse di thibetsweng&quot; a a neng a berekela dijo kwa Fort Monroe. Kwa bokhutlong jwa Phukwi go ne go na le ba le makgolo a ferabongwe, mme Moeteledi Butler o ne a tlhoma Edward L. Pierce go nna Molaodi wa Merero ya Bantsho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970|Bonekemper 1970]], p. 170&lt;/ref&gt;

Batlhasedi ba Kopano ka fa tlase ga Moeteledi John B. Magruder ba ne ba fisa toropo e e gaufi ya Hampton, Virginia ka Phatwe a supa, 1861, mme batho bantsho ba ba &quot;thibetsweng&quot; ba ne ba nna mo matlotleng a yone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ba ne ba tlhoma motse wa mekhukhu o o neng o itsege e le Kampa e kgolo ya dithoto tse di thibetsweng. Ba le bantsi ba ne ba berekela Sesole ka selekanyo sa $10.00 ka kgwedi, mme dituelo tseno di ne di sa lekane gore ba kgone go dira ditokafatso tse dikgolo mo matlong. Maemo mo Kampeng a ne a nna maswe le go feta, mme ditlhopha tsa Bokone tsa thuso ya batho di ne tsa batla go tshereganya mo boemong jwa baagi ba yone ba le dikete tse masome marataro le bone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBonekemper1970|Bonekemper 1970]], p. 171. &quot;Nevertheless, the housing situation was so desperate that complaints emanated from the Reverend Lockwood, the A.M.A. and the just-organized National Freedmen's Relief Association and led to investigation by the American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission, appointment of Captain C. B. Wilder of Boston to protect the blacks' interests and the construction of large buildings in which the Negroes could live.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFJackson1925|Jackson 1925]], p. 135&lt;/ref&gt; Mokapotene C. B. Wilder o ne a tlhomiwa go rulaganya tsibogo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Mathata a a neng a lemogiwa a botho a ka tswa a ne a fefosa maano a ga Lincoln a go dira Île-à-Vache kolone.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBoyd1959|Boyd 1959]], p. 49 &quot;The distress of the six thousand Negroes at Fort Monroe, Virginia, may have influenced Lincoln to proceed despite the Senator's misgivings. A report by Quakers in December, 1862, described the refugees quartered in small rooms, sometimes containing ten to twelve persons each, with insufficient fuel and clothing to keep warm throughout the winter month.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Leano le le tlhamilweng ka Lwetse 1862 le ka bo le ne la fuduseditse batshabi ka bontsi kwa Massachusetts le kwa dikgaolong tse dingwe tsa bokone.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFVoegeli2003|Voegeli 2003]], p. 767&lt;/ref&gt; Leano le—le le simolotsweng ke John A. Dix mme la engwa nokeng ke Mokapotene Wilder le Mokwaledi wa Ntwa Stanton—le ne la gogela ditsibogo tse di sa siamang go tswa mo go MaRephaboliki a a neng a batla go tila go golaganya go fudugela ga batho bantsho kwa bokone le Kgoeletso e e sa tswang go itsisiwe ya Kgololesego.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFVoegeli2003|Voegeli 2003]], p. 769&lt;/ref&gt; Go tshaba kgaisano ya badiri ba bantsho, mmogo le go tlhaola batho ka letso ka kakaretso, go ne ga dira gore tsholofelo ya batshabi ba bantsho e se ka ya itumedisa boradipolotiki ba Massachusetts.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFVoegeli2003|Voegeli 2003]], pp. 776–777&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka tshegetso ya ditaelo go tswa go Moeteledi Rufus Saxton, Moeteledi Butler le Mokapotene Wilder ba ne ba tswelela ka ditiro tsa go fudusetsa batho bantsho mo lefelong la bone, ba tlamela bontsi jwa batho bantsho kwa Hampton ka diekere di le pedi tsa lefatshe le didirisiwa tse ba ka dirang ka tsone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ba bangwe ba ne ba abelwa ditiro tsa go nna batlhanka kwa Bokone.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFEngs1979|Engs 1979]], pp. 38–39&lt;/ref&gt; Go ne ga tlhamiwa dikampa tse di farologaneng tse dinnye le dikoloni, go akaretsa le Koloni ya Freedmen ya Setlhaketlhake sa Roanoke. Hampton e ne e itsege thata jaaka nngwe ya dikampa tsa ntlha le tse dikgolo tsa batshabi tsa Ntwa, mme e ne ya dira jaaka mofuta wa sekao sa mafelo a mangwe a bonno.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFEngs1979|Engs 1979]], pp. 3–4, 25. &quot;During the Civil War, the groups which would shape the post-bellum life of black Hampton came together for the first time. Over that same period, the issues that would inform black and white approaches to freedom, in Hampton and in the South as a whole, crystallized. [...] In these unstable circumstances, Northern whites and Southern blacks had their first large-scale encounter of the war.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhaketlhake tsa Lewatle ===
Sesole sa Kopano se ne sa gapa Ditlhaketlhake tsa Lewatle morago ga Ntwa ya Port Royal ya Ngwanaatsele 1861, mme sa tlogela masimo a mantsi a letseta a lefelo leo go balemibarui ba bantsho ba ba neng ba bereka mo go one. Kgololosego ya pele ya batho bantsho ba Setlhaketlhake sa Lewatle, le go tlhokafala mo go sa tlwaelesegang ga beng ba pele ba basweu, go ne ga tsosa kgang ya gore Borwa bo ka rulaganngwa jang morago ga go wa ga bokgoba. Lincoln, ga akgela jalo motlhankedi wa Lephata la Naga Adam Gurowski, &quot;o tshositswe ke katlego kwa South Carolina, ka gonne go ya ka kakanyo ya gagwe katlego eno e tla tswakanya kgang ya bokgoba.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 18–19&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Adam_Gurowski|Adam Gurowski]] (1862). ''[[openlibrary:books/OL7135658M/Diary_...|Diary: from March 4, 1861, to November 12, 1862]]''. Boston: Lee and Shepard. p. [https://archive.org/stream/diary01degu#page/120/mode/2up 121]. [[:en:OL_(identifier)|OL]] [[openlibrary:books/OL7135658M|7135658M]]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo malatsing a ntlha a go gapiwa ke puso, masole a ne a tshwara baagi ba setlhaketlhake se bosula, mme a ne a tlhasela mabeelo a tshimo a dijo le diaparo. Modiredi mongwe wa Union o ne a tshwarwa a ipaakanyetsa go isa setlhopha sa batho bantsho kwa Cuba ka sephiri, gore a kgone go ba rekisa jaaka makgoba.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 20. &quot;The rapid change in their status was not working to the advantage of many Sea Island Negroes, and their obvious hardship since the Federal invasion was embarrassing to the government. The army had made free use of plantation food stores, leaving many slave communities with little to eat. [...] Having no place to turn, they flocked to the neighborhood of the army camps. There, they were as often treated badly as offered employment and help. The New York ''Tribune's'' correspondent reported that one enterprising and unscrupulous officer was caught in the act of assembling a cargo of Negroes for transportation and sale in Cuba [...]&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; Dikgokgontsho tsa masole a Union di ne tsa tswelela le morago ga gore puso e e tlhomameng e tlhomiwe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 240. &quot;Violent examples of race hatred could be found wherever Northern troops came into contact with numbers of freedmen. Even at Port Royal, where Saxton's benevolent protectorate should have deterred overt demonstrations, there were appalling clashes. As late as February 1863 unruly parties from several regiments, including the 9th New Jersey, the 100th New York, known as 'Les Enfants Perdus', and the 24th Massachusetts, went berserk and terrorized St. Helena Island. They killed and stole livestock, took money from the Negroes, and culminated their outrages in burning all the Negro cabins on the Daniel Jenkins plantations. They beat Negro men and attempted to rape the women, and when the superintendents intervened the soldiers threatened to shoot them.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Gullah s carolina 1790.jpg|thumb|Makgoba a Gullah a ne a lemile Ditlhaketlhake tsa Lewatle ka dikokomane di le mmalwa.]]
Mokwaledi wa Lephata la Matlotlo Salmon P. Chase o ne a rometse Mokolonele William H. Reynolds ka Sedimonthole go phutha le go rekisa letseta lengwe le lengwe le le ka tsewang mo masimong a Setlhaketlhake sa Lewatle.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 19&lt;/ref&gt; Ka bonako morago ga foo, Chase o ne a romela Edward Pierce (morago ga nako ya gagwe e khutshwane kwa Kampeng e kgolo ya dithoto tse di thibetsweng) go sekaseka seemo kwa Port Royal.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 421&lt;/ref&gt; Pierce o ne a bona tshimo e e neng e laolwa thata ke Sesole, a duela dituelo tse di kwa tlase thata go ka kgona go ikemela ka nosi mo itsholelong; o ne gape a kgala molao wa Sesole ya go romela letseta kwa Bokone gore le tlhotlhorwe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 24–25&lt;/ref&gt; Pierce o begile gore badiri ba bantsho e ne e le baitseanape mo temothuong ya letseta mme ba ne ba tlhoka batsamaisi ba basweu &quot;go diragatsa kotlhao ya borre&quot;. O ne a akantsha gore go tlhomiwe setlhopha sa balemi barui ba bantsho se se okametsweng go baakanyetsa badiri maikarabelo a boagi—le go dira jaaka sekao sa dikamano tsa tiro tsa morago ga bokgoba kwa Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 29&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[[:en:Edward_L._Pierce|Edward L. Pierce]] (1862). ''The Negroes at Port Royal: Report of E. L. Pierce, Government Agent, to the Hon. Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury''. Letter dated 3 February 1862. Boston: R. F. Walcutt. &lt;q&gt;The laborers themselves, no longer slaves of their former masters, or of the Government, but as yet in large numbers unprepared for the full privileges of citizens, are to be treated with sole reference to such preparation.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Lephata la Matlotlo le ne le batla go kokoanya madi mme mo mabakeng a le mantsi le ne le setse le hirisetsa bokapitale jwa Bokone mafelo a a neng a gapilwe gore ba a laole ka go ikemela. Kwa Port Royal&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 32. &quot;The government would undoubtedly take steps to put the cotton lands under cultivation, but Pierce was well aware that there was a plan alternative to his own that had very serious backing. While he was asking the government to gamble on the success of a novel agricultural experiment, Colonel Reynolds proposed leasing the plantations and the laborers to a private organization. Reynolds' plan had the merit of simplicity and much better prospects of immediate revenue to the government.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Mokolonele Thomas o ne a setse a baakantse thulaganyo ya mofuta ono; mme Pierce o ne a gatelela gore Port Royal e ne e naya tshono ya go &quot;rarabolola potso e kgolo ya loago&quot;: e leng, gore a &quot;fa ba rulagantswe sentle, le ka maikaelelo a a siameng a a beilweng fa pele ga bone, [bantsho] ba tla nna matlhagatlhaga jaaka morafe mongwe le mongwe wa banna o ka nna mo maemong ano.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 32–33&lt;/ref&gt; Tautona Chase o ne a romela Pierce go ya go bona Lincoln. Jaaka fa Pierce a ne a tlhalosa kopano eo moragonyana:&lt;blockquote&gt;Rre Lincoln, yo ka nako eo a neng a tlhotlhorega ka fa tlase ga khutsafalo e e neng e solofetswe, o ne a reetsa metsotso e le mmalwa, mme morago a re, ka go tlhoka bopelotelele go sekae, gore o ne a sa akanye gore o tshwanetse go tshwenyega ka dintlha tse di ntseng jalo, gore go ne go lebega go na le go babega go tsenya batho bantsho mo meleng ya rona; e ke neng ka e araba ka gore batho ba bantsho bao ba ne ba le mo teng ga bone ka taletso ya ga ope, ba ne ba nna koo pele ga re simolola go gapa. Morago ga moo Tautona o ne a kwala le go nnaya karata e e latelang :&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Ke tla tlamega fa Mokwaledi wa Lephata la Matlotlo ka kakanyo ya gagwe a ka naya Rre Pierce ditaelo tse di ntseng jalo malebang le dilo tse di thibetsweng tsa Port Royal tse di ka lebegang di le botlhale. A. LINCOLN.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Pierce o ne a amogela taelo eno e e sa rateng, mme o ne a tshaba gore &quot;go ineela mo go sa itumediseng&quot; go ka nna ga senya leano la gagwe la go dira gore batho bantsho ba nne baagi.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 34. &quot;The young lawyer undoubtedly had hoped to hear some reassuring word from Lincoln about the future status of the Negroes at Port Royal. This was a point that had disturbed many prospective supporters of the educational work, for they feared that after being treated as freemen and trained to support themselves the Negroes might become the victims of 'some unhappy compromise.'&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tekeletso ya Port Royal ====
Setlhopha seo se ne sa tlhongwa mme sa itsege jaaka Teko ya Port Royal: sekao se se ka nnang teng sa tiro ya itsholelo ya batho bantsho morago ga bokgoba. Tekeletso e ne ya ngoka tshegetso go tswa go batho ba Bokone jaaka moitseanape wa itsholelo Edward Atkinson, yo o neng a solofetse go supa kgopolo ya gagwe ya gore tiro e e gololesegileng e tla nna le matswela go feta tiro ya makgoba.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 37–38&lt;/ref&gt; Batho ba bangwe ba ba neng ba fedisa bokgoba jaaka Maria Weston Chapman le bone ba ne ba akgola leano la ga Pierce. Ditlhopha tsa baagi jaaka Mokgatlho wa Barongwa ba Amerika di ne tsa thusa ka matlhagatlhaga.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 40&lt;/ref&gt; Batho bao ba ba kutlwelobotlhoko ba kwa Bokone ba ne ba thapa ka bonako sekepe se se tletseng (masome a matlhano le boraro se se neng se tlhophilwe mo letangwaneng la bakopatiro ba ba neng ba feta makgetlho a le mmalwa) sa Dialogane tsa Ivy League le tsa sekolo sa bomodimo tse di neng tsa simolola go ya kwa Port Royal ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a mararo, 1862.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 43–44&lt;/ref&gt;

Baagi ba Port Royal ka kakaretso ba ne ba galefetse batlhasedi ba sesole le ba ba sa tlhaselwang, ba ba neng ba bontsha bogolo jwa bosemorafe ka ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tlhagelela.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 64–66, 159–160&lt;/ref&gt; Boitumelo bo ne jwa fetoga kutlobotlhoko fa, ka Motsheganong masole a le lesome le bobedi a Union a goroga go kwadisa banna botlhe ba bantsho ba ba nonofileng ba ba neng ba golotswe pele ka Moranang a le lesome le boraro, 1862, ke Mojenerale David Hunter yo o neng a bolela gore bokgoba bo fedisitswe kwa Georgia, South Carolina, le Alabama.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 144–146&lt;/ref&gt; Hunter o ne a boloka mophato wa gagwe le fa Lincoln a sena go busetsa morago kgoeletso eno ya kgololesego ya dinaga tse tharo; mme a e phatlalatsa mo e ka nnang yotlhe fa a sa kgone go goga dituelo go tswa kwa Lephateng la Ntwa.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 189&lt;/ref&gt; Balemibarui ba bantsho ba ne ba rata go jala merogo le go tshwara ditlhapi, fa barongwa (le basweu ba bangwe mo ditlhaketlhakeng) ba ne ba rotloetsa go jala letseta e le nngwe jaaka sejalo sa madi.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 196]]4, p. 226&lt;/ref&gt; Mo kakanyong ya morago, tlhabologo e ne e tla tsweletswa pele ka go akaretsa batho bantsho mo itsholelong ya bareki e e neng e laolwa ke tlhagiso ya Bokone.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 226–228. &quot;It is this exclusive preoccupation with cotton that has given most support to the idea that the planter-missionaries were pure economic imperialists [...]. Their vision of the freed people as agricultural peasants devoted to a single-crop economy and educated to a taste for consumer goods supplied by Northern factories fulfils the classic pattern of tributary economics the world over. It is important to remember that at this early time there seemed nothing conspiratorial about this.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Go sa le jalo, go ne ga tsoga dikgotlhang tse di farologaneng mo gare ga barongwa, Sesole, le bagwebi ba Chase le Reynolds ba neng ba ba laleditse kwa Port Royal gore ba kgone go tsaya tsotlhe tse di neng di ka rekisiwa.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 66–67&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, fa go lekalekanngwa, baetleetsi ba basweu ba Tekeletso ba ne ba lemogile diphelelo tse di molemo; rakgwebo John Murray Forbes ka Motsheganong 1862 o ne a e bitsa &quot;katlego e e tlhomameng&quot;, a itsise gore Bantsho ba tla bereka ka nnete go ananya dituelo.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 141&lt;/ref&gt;

Mokwaledi wa Ntwa Edwin M. Stanton o ne a tlhoma Mojenerale Rufus Saxton go nna mmusi wa sesole wa Port Royal ka Moranang 1862, mme ka Sedimonthole Saxton o ne a tlhotlheletsa gore batho bantsho ba laole lefatshe leo ka bosakhutleng. O ne a bona tshegetso go tswa go Stanton, Chase, Sumner, le Tautona Lincoln, mme a kopana le kganetso e e tswelelang go tswa go khuduthamaga ya lekgetho e e neng e batla go rekisa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 428&lt;/ref&gt; Saxton gape o ne a amogela tetla ya go katisa sesole sa batho bantsho, se se neng sa nna semmuso Baithaopi ba ntlha ba South Carolina ka Ferikgong 1, 1863, fa [[Kitsiso ya Kgololesego]] e ne e dira gore se nne teng semolao.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 191–194&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Go nna le lefatshe kwa ditlhaketlhakeng tsa lewatle ====
Jaaka gongwe le gongwe, badiri ba bantsho ba ne ba ikutlwa thata gore ba na le tshwanelo ya go batla mafatshe a ba a berekang.

Molao wa go Tseelwa Dithoto wa 1862 o ne wa letla Lephata la Matlotlo go rekisa ditsha tse dintsi tse di neng di gapilwe ka ntlha ya go sa duele makgetho. Fa di kopanngwa tsotlhe, puso jaanong e ne ya batla diekere di le 76,775 tsa lefatshe la Setlhaketlhake sa Lewatle.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 8&lt;/ref&gt; Badupi ba ne ba goroga kwa Port Royal mme ba simolola go sekaseka ditsha tse jaanong di neng di nna batho bantsho le barongwa.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 200–204&lt;/ref&gt; Dikotsi di ne di le kwa godimo: thobo ya letseta la Sea Island e ne e emetse thoto e e nang le poelo e babeeletsi ba Bokone ba neng ba ka e laola.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilliamson1965|Williamson 1965]], p. 56&lt;/ref&gt;

Bontsi jwa basweu ba ba neng ba amega mo porojekeng e ba ne ba ikutlwa gore go nna beng ba lefatshe ke batho bantsho e tshwanetse go nna ditlamorago tsa yone tsa bofelo. Saxton—mmogo le babegadikgang go akaretsa le morulaganyi wa Free South James G. Thompson, le barongwa go akaretsa le moruti wa Methodist Mansfield French—ba ne ba tlhotlheletsa thata gore lefatshe le abelwe beng ba bantsho.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilliamson1965|Williamson 1965]], p. 55&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Firikgong 1863, Saxton o ne a emisa thekiso ya lekgetho ya Lephata la Matlotlo ka ntlha ya tlhokego ya sesole.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Balaodi ba lekgetho ba ne ba dira palabalo go sa kgathalesege, ba rekisa diekere di le dikete di le lesome tsa lefatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 9&lt;/ref&gt; Masimo a le lesome le bongwe a ne a ya kwa setlhopheng (&quot;Tshwenyego ya Boston&quot;) se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Edward Philbrick, yo o neng a rekisa lefatshe ka 1865 go balemibarui ba bantsho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 212–213, 298.&lt;/ref&gt; Setlhopha sengwe sa balemibarui ba bantsho se ne sa feta babeeletsi ba kwa ntle, sa duela palogare ya $7.00 ka ekere ya tshimo ya 470 e ba neng ba setse ba nna le go dira mo go yona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ka kakaretso, bontsi jwa lefatshe le ne la rekisediwa babeeletsi ba Bokone mme la nna ka fa tlase ga taolo ya bone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Ka Lwetse 1863, Lincoln o ne a itsise ka leano la go rekisa ka palobalo diekere di le dikete tse masome marataro lefatshe la South Carolina mo dikarolong tsa diekere di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi—a beela kwa thoko diekere di le dikete tse lesome le borataro tsa lefatshe go &quot;ditlhogo tsa malwapa a morafe wa Aforika&quot;, ba ba neng ba ka bona ditsha tsa diekere di le masome mabedi tse di rekisiwang ka $1.25/ekere (e e lekanang le $32 ka 2024).&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 272&lt;/ref&gt; Molaodi wa Lekgetho William Brisbane o ne a bona ka leitlho la mogopolo go kopanngwa ga merafe mo ditlhaketlhakeng, ka beng ba masimo a magolo ba thapa batho bantsho ba ba senang lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 281&lt;/ref&gt; Mme Saxton le French ba ne ba tsaya gore lefelo le le bolokilweng la diekere di le dikete tse lesome le borataro ga le a lekana, mme ba laela malwapa a batho bantsho go dira dikopo le go aga matlo mo diekereng tsotlhe di le dikete tse masome marataro tsa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 281&lt;/ref&gt; French o ne a ya kwa Washington ka Sedimonthole 1863 go ya go ngoka gore leano leno le netefadiwe semolao.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 284&lt;/ref&gt; Ka go rotloediwa ke French, Chase le Lincoln ba ne ba naya malapa a Sea Island (le basadi ba masole a a neng a le nosi mo Sesoleng sa Union) tetla ya go batla ditsha tsa diheketara di le 40. Batho ba bangwe ba ba fetang dingwaga di le 21 ba ne ba tla letlwa go kopa diheketara di le 20. Ditsha tseno di ne di tla rekwa ka $1.25 ka heketara, ka 40% e e duelwang kwa pele mme 60% e e duelwang moragonyana. Ka tlhokego ya go nna dikgwedi di le thataro pele ga bonno, taelo e ne ya lekanyetsa bonno go batho bantsho, barongwa, le ba bangwe ba ba neng ba setse ba amega mo Tekong.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilliamson1965|Williamson 1965]], p. 57&lt;/ref&gt;

Dikopo tsa go nna ka fa tlase ga leano le lesha di ne tsa simolola go goroga ka bonako, fela Molaodi Brisbane o ne a di tlhokomologa, a solofetse gore tshwetso e tla busediwa morago gape kwa Washington.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 287&lt;/ref&gt; Chase o ne a busetsa boemo jwa gagwe morago ka Tlhakole, a busetsa leano la thekiso ya lekgetho.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 290&lt;/ref&gt; Thekiso e diragetse kwa bokhutlong jwa Tlhakole, ka lefatshe le le rekisiwang ka tlhwatlhwa e e magareng ya go feta $11/acre (e e lekanang le $221 ka 2024).&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 294&lt;/ref&gt; Thekiso e ne ya tsosa selelo sa batho ba ba golotsweng ba ba neng ba setse ba batla lefatshe go ya ka taelo ya ga Chase ya Sedimonthole.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 295 &quot;There were ample signs of impending trouble. A group of superintendents returning to St. Helena from the sale of February 26 were met near Land's End by a crowd of freed people, who surrounded them clamoring for information and 'complaining that their land—that they had pre-empted—had been sold away from them, and declaring that they wouldn't work for the purchaser.'&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== &quot;Bathobantsho ba Savannah&quot; ====
&quot;Mogwanto wa go ya kwa Lewatleng&quot; wa ga Major General William Tecumseh Sherman o ne wa tlisa mophato o mogolo wa Sesole sa Kopano kwa lotshitshing lwa Georgia ka Sedimonthole 1864. Ba ba neng ba tsamaya le Sesole go ne go na le batshabi ba bantsho ba ba fopholediwang go nna dikete di le lesome, ba pele e neng e le makgoba. Setlhopha se se ne se setse se tshwerwe ke tlala le malwetse.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFByrne1995|Byrne 1995]], p. 109&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDrago1973|Drago 1973]], p. 363&lt;/ref&gt; Bontsi jwa makgoba a pele ba ne ba swabisitswe ke Sesole sa Kopano, ka gonne ba ne ba thubelwa, ba betelelwa le go sotlwa ka tsela e nngwe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDrago1973|Drago 1973]], pp. 369–371&lt;/ref&gt; Ba gorogile kwa Savannah &quot;morago ga megwanto e meleele le go tlhoka dilo tse dintsi, ''ba lapile, ba bolawa ke tlala, ba lwala, e bile ba batla ba sa apara sepe''.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDrago1973|Drago 1973]], p. 372; quoting the Augusta ''Daily Constitutionalist'', 29 January 1865.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Sedimonthole a le lesome le boferabongwe, Sherman o ne a romela bontsi jwa makgoba ao kwa Hilton Head, setlhaketlhake se se neng se setse se dira jaaka kampa ya batshabi. Saxton o ne a bega ka Sedimonthole a le masome mabedi le bobedi &quot; kago le ntlo nngwe le nngwe mo setlhaketlhakeng se e tletse ebile e a  penologa—ke na le ba ka nna dikete tse lesome le botlhano.&quot; Ba bangwe ba le makgolo a supa ba ne ba goroga ka Keresemose.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFByrne1995|Byrne 1995]], p. 110&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Firikgong a le lesome le motso, 1865, Mokwaledi wa Ntwa Edwin Stanton o ne a goroga kwa Savannah le Molaodimogolo wa Dikotara Montgomery C. Meigs le badiredibagolo ba bangwe. Setlhopha seo se ne sa kopana le Bajenerale Sherman le Saxton go tlotla ka mathata a batshabi. Ba ne ba swetsa, ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go buisana le baeteledipele go tswa mo setshabeng sa Bantsho sa selegae mme ba ba botse: &quot;Lo batlela batho ba lone eng?&quot; Go ne ga rulaganngwa kopano ka tshwanelo.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFJames1954|James 1954]], p. 127&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka nako ya boferabongwe mo bosigong jwa Firikgong a le lesome le bobedi, 1865, Sherman o ne a kopana le setlhopha sa batho ba le masome a mabedi, bontsi jwa bone e ne e le makgoba bontsi jwa matshelo a bone. Bantsho ba Savannah ba ne ba tsere tshono ya kgololesego go nonotsha metheo ya morafe wa bone, mme ba ne ba na le maikutlo a a nonofileng a sepolotiki.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFByrne1995|Byrne 1995]], pp. 99–102&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ne ba tlhopha mmueledi a le mongwe: Garrison Frazier, yo e kileng ya bo e le moruti wa Baptist ya Boraro ya Aforika wa dingwaga di le masome marataro le bosupa. Mo bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1850, o ne a rekile kgololesego ya gagwe le mosadi wa gagwe ka $1,000 .&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFByrne1995|Byrne 1995]], p. 106&lt;/ref&gt; Frazier o ne a buisane le batshabi mmogo le baemedi ba bangwe. O ne a raya Sherman a re: &quot;Tsela e re ka itlhokomelang ka yone ke go nna le lefatshe, le go le fetola le go le lema ka maatla a rona.&quot; Frazier o ne a akantsha gore makau a tla direla puso mo go lwantsheng ditsuolodi, mme ka jalo &quot;basadi le bana le banna ba bagolo&quot; ba tla tshwanelwa ke go bereka lefatshe leo. Mo e ka nnang botlhe ba ba neng ba le teng ba ne ba dumalana go kopa dikabo tsa lefatshe tsa merafe ya bantsho e e ipusang, ka mabaka a gore letlhoo la semorafe le tla thibela kgatelopele ya itsholelo ya bantsho mo mafelong a a tlhakaneng.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 429&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120715135308/http://www.nps.gov/fopu/forteachers/upload/Resources.pdf#page=16 &quot;Negroes of Savannah&quot;] (PDF). ''New York Daily Tribune''. (Copy of the Daily Tribune article held by the US National Archives and transcribed by the National Park Service. According to Adjutant General [[:en:Edward_D._Townsend|Edward D. Townsend]], the formal exchange represents a verbatim account of the meeting.). 13 February 1865. Archived from [http://www.nps.gov/fopu/forteachers/upload/Resources.pdf#page=16 the original] (PDF) on 15 July 2012. &lt;q&gt;I do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and faithful report of the questions and answers made by the colored ministers and church members of Savannah in my presence and hearing, at the chambers of Major-Gen. Sherman, on the evening of Thursday, Jan 12, 1865. The questions of Gen. Sherman and the Secretary of War were reduced to writing and read to the persons present. The answers were made by the Rev. Garrison Frazier, who was selected by the other ministers and church members to answer for them. The answers were written down in his exact words, and read over to the others, who one by one expressed his concurrence or dissent as above set forth.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ditaelo tse di kgethegileng tsa lefatshe tsa ga Sherman, No. 15 ====
Ditaelo tse di Kgethegileng tsa lefatshe tsa ga Sherman, No. 15, tse di ntshitsweng ka Firikgong a le lesome le borataro, 1865, di ne tsa laela badiredi go baya batshabi bao kwa Ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Lewatle le mo lefatsheng le le mo teng: diekere di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di kgaogantsweng ka ditsha tsa diekere di le masome mane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081220070031/http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm &quot;Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm the original] on 20 December 2008. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le borataro ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa dimmoulo (diphologolo tsa morwalo tse di dirisiwang go lema) di ne di sa umakwe,&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; bangwe ba bajaboswa ba yone ba ne ba di amogela go tswa mo sesoleng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090906084359/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/40acres/ps_so15.html &quot;Reconstruction ... Forty Acres and a Mule&quot;]. ''American Experience''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditsha tse di jalo di ne di itsege ka puo ya tlwaelo jaaka &quot;Blackacres&quot;.

Ditaelo tsa ga Sherman di ne tsa abelwa ka tlhamalalo &quot;ditlhaketlhake go tswa kwa Charleston, kwa borwa, masimo a raese a a tlogetsweng go bapa le dinoka dimmaele di le masome a mararo go boela kwa morago go tswa kwa lewatleng, le lefatshe le le bapileng le Noka ya St. Johns, Florida.&quot; Taelo eo e thibela basweu ka tlhamalalo go nna mo lefelong leo. Saxton, yo, le Stanton, ba neng ba thusa go kwala mokwalo, o ne a tlhatlhosiwa go nna mojenerale yo mogolo mme a rwesiwa maikarabelo a go okamela lefelo le lesha la bonno.&lt;ref&gt;Buescher, John. [http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/24170 &quot;Forty Acres and a Mule&quot;]. ''Teachinghistory.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064744/http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/24170 Archived] from the original on 28 July 2011.  E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le borataro ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Tlhakole a le gararo, Saxton o ne a bua kwa kopanong e kgolo ya batho ba ba golotsweng kwa Second African Baptist, a itsise taelo le go tlhalosa dipaakanyo tsa bonno jo bosha.&lt;ref&gt;James (1954). ''Sherman at Savannah''. p. 135.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFByrne1995|Byrne 1995]], pp. 111–112&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Seetebosigo 1865, batho ba ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mane ba ba golotsweng ba ne ba nna mo diekereng di le dikete tse makgolo a mane le masome a mararo le botlhano (dihekere di le dikete tse lekgolo le masome a ferabobedi) kwa Ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Lewatle.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 330&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFByrne1995|Byrne 1995]], pp. 112–113&lt;/ref&gt;

Ditaelo tse di kgethegileng tsa lefatshe di ne tsa ntshiwa ke Sherman, e seng puso ya federal mabapi le makgoba otlhe a pele, mme o ne a ntsha tse di tshwanang &quot;mo letsholong lotlhe go netefatsa kutlwano ya tiro mo lefelong la ditiro.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA252324.pdf &quot;'Harmony of Action&quot; ' – Sherman as an army group commander&quot;] (PDF). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120118190642/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA252324&amp;Location=U2&amp;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 18 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Go ne ga bolelwa ke bangwe gore mafelo ao a ne go sa ikaelelwa gore a nnele ruri. Le fa go ntse jalo, seo ga se ise se ko se tlhaloganngwe ke baagi—le fa e le sa ga Mojenerale Saxton, yo o neng a re o ne a kopa Sherman go phimola taelo eo ntle le fa e ne e diretswe go nna ya sennelaruri.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 429. &quot;But the freedmen quite naturally anticipated permanent possession; and Saxton later testified that he had begged not to be charged with carrying out Sherman's order if the freedmen's expectations were once again to be broken, and that he had received assurances from Secretary Stanton that the Negroes would retain possession of the land.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo tirisong, mafelo a lefatshe le le neng le agilwe a ne a farologana thata. James Chaplin Beecher o lemogile gore &quot;tsela e e bidiwang diekere di le masome mane e farologana ka bogolo go tswa go diekere di robabobedi go ya go (450) makgolo a le mane le masome a matlhano.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFSaville1994|Saville 1994]], pp. 19–20&lt;/ref&gt; Mafelo mangwe a ne a agiwa ke ditlhopha: Setlhaketlhake sa Skidaway se ne sa dirwa kolone ke setlhopha sa batho ba feta sekete, go akaretsa le Moruti Ulysses L. Houston.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFByrne1995|Byrne 1995]], p. 113&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Botlhokwa ====
Porojeke ya Ditlhaketlhake tsa Lewatle e ne e bontsha molao wa &quot;diekere di le masome mane le mmoulo&quot; jaaka motheo wa itsholelo ya morago ga bokgoba. Segolobogolo ka 1865, sekao se e se tlhomileng se ne se bonala thata mo bathong ba bantsho ba ba sa tswang go gololesega ba ba batlang lefatshe la bone.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWilliamson1965|Williamson 1965]], pp. 54–55&lt;blockquote&gt;'Forty acres and a mule', that delightful bit of myopic mythology so often ascribed to the newly freed in the Reconstruction period, at least in South Carolina during the spring and summer of 1865, represented far more than the chimerical rantings of the ignorant darkies, irresponsible soldiers&quot;, and radical politicians. On the contrary, it symbolized precisely the policy which the government had already given and was giving mass application in the Sea Islands. Hardly had the troops landed, in November, 1861, before liberal Northerners arrived to begin a series of ambitious experiment in the reconstruction of Southern society. One of these experiments included the redistribution of large landed estates to the Negroes. By the Spring of 1865, this program was well underway, and after August any well-informed intelligent observer in South Carolina would have concluded, as did the Negroes, that some considerable degree of permanent land division was highly probable.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Batho ba ba golotsweng go tswa kwa kgaolong yotlhe ba ne ba thologela kwa lefelong leo go batla lefatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], pp. 47–48 &quot;By summer of 1865, word of Sherman's Special Field Order, No. 15 had spread throughout the states covered by the order as well as to neighboring states. So great was the desire for land that blacks poured into the reservation in search of their forty-acre plots.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFWebster1916|Webster 1916]], pp. [https://archive.org/stream/operationfreed01websrich#page/94/mode/2up 94]–95&lt;/ref&gt; Phelelo e ne e le dikampa tsa batshabi tse di neng di tshwerwe ke malwetse le go tlhaela ga dithoto.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 332&lt;/ref&gt;

Bogolo jang morago ga Ditaelo tsa ga Sherman, mafelo a a neng a le mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle a ne a dira gore batho ba tlhoafalele setshaba se sesha se se neng se tla emisetsa tsamaiso ya makgoba. Mmegadikgang mongwe o ne a bega jaana ka Moranang 1865: &quot;E ne e le kolone ya Plymouth e e neng e ipoeletsa. Ba ne ba dumalana gore fa ba bangwe ba ka tla go kopana nabo, ba tshwanetse go nna le ditshiamelo tse di lekanang. Ka jalo go thunya Mayflower kwa Lebopong la Atlantic Borwa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 331&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsamaiso ya badiri ba ba duelwang ===
Go simolola kwa Louisiana e e neng e gapilwe ka fa tlase ga Mojenerale Nathaniel P. Banks, sesole se ne sa dira thulaganyo ya go duela tiro ya go lema mafelo a magolo a lefatshe. Tsamaiso eo—e e neng ya simolola go dira ka tshegofatso ya ga Lincoln le Stanton ka bonako fela fa [[Kitsiso ya Kgololesego]] e dira gore dikonteraka le batho ba ba golotsweng di nne kafa molaong—e ne ya naya batho ba ba golotsweng dikonteraka tsa ngwaga o le mongwe tse di tlhomameng tsa tshipi. Konteraka e ne e solofetsa $10/kgwedi mmogo le dijo le tlhokomelo ya kalafi. Go ise go ye kae tsamaiso eno e ne ya amogelwa ke Mojenerale Lorenzo Thomas kwa Mississippi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBelz2000|Belz 2000]], pp. 45–46&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka dinako tse dingwe lefatshe le ne le nna ka fa tlase ga taolo ya badiredibagolo ba Lephata la Matlotlo. Go ne ga runya dikgotlhang tsa taolo fa gare ga Lephata la Matlotlo le sesole.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 425 &quot;Disposition of lands and indirectly of Negro labor through Treasury agents to northern lessees brought forth even greater condemnation than direct military supervision. [...] The investigations of James E. Yeatman for the Western Sanitary Commission late in 1863 revealed shocking exploitation and abuse of freedmen working the leased plantations. Attempts during 1864 to remedy those abuses resulted in confusion and conflict of authority between army officers and Treasury agents.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Go nyatsa Lephata la Matlotlo le le neng le dira dipoelo ke Mojenerale John Eaton le babegadikgang ba ba neng ba bona mofuta o mosha wa tiro ya masimo go ne ga tlhotlheletsa maikutlo a setshaba kwa Bokone mme ga gatelela Congress go tshegetsa taolo e e tlhamaletseng ya lefatshe ke batho ba ba golotsweng.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], pp. 425–426 &quot;There can be no doubt that these varied wartime experiences, together with the criticism and publicity they evoked, affected the Freedmen's Bureau legislation. They make clear what the framers of its final version were attempting to avoid, namely, government plantation operation, exploitation of Negro labor by northern speculators, abuse and rigorous control of freedmen by southern planters whether in violation of military directives or in collusion with military personnel, even the minute paternalistic regulations drawn to safeguard the freedmen that might lead to a permanent 'pupilage'.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Lephata la Matlotlo, segolobogolo fa Mokwaledi Chase a ne a ipaakanyetsa go batla go tlhophiwa ke Rephaboliki ka 1864, o ne a latofatsa sesole ka go tshwara batho ba ba golotsweng ka tsela e e senang setho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Lincoln o ne a swetsa go dumalana le taolo ya sesole go na le ya Lephata la Matlotlo, mme tsamaiso ya tiro e e duelwang e ne ya tlhongwa thata.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBelz2000|Belz 2000]], p. 47&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ba neng na sa dumalane le go fedisa bokgoba ba ne ba ganetsana le molao o ba ne ba o bitsa o o seng botoka go feta botlhanka.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBelz2000|Belz 2000]], pp. 52–53&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Davis Bend ===
Nngwe ya diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa go nna le lefatshe la batho bantsho e ne ya diragala kwa Davis Bend, kwa Mississippi, lefelo la masimo la diekere di le dikete tse lesome le motso le e neng e le la ga Joseph Davis le morwarraagwe yo mmotlana yo o tumileng e bong Jefferson, tautona wa Kgolagano. Ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke dikarolo dingwe tsa bojammogo jwa ga Robert Owen, Joseph Davis o ne a tlhomile Tshimo ya Dikgwanyape ya diekere di le dikete tse nne ka 1827 kwa Davis Bend.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFHermann1981|Hermann 1981]], pp. 3–9 &quot;The reformer was criticized not so much for his practical failures as for his open rejection of orthodox religion and the institution of marriage. Although Davis did not agree with these radical ideas, he continued to admire the Scottish utopian for his innovative theories. However, the new planter proposed to adopt only the elements of Owen's philosophy that would promote his goal of an efficient, prosperous plantation community.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Davis o ne a letla makgoba a le makgolo a le mmalwa go ja dijo tse di nang le dikotla, go nna mo matlong a a agilweng sentle, go bona tlhokomelo ya kalafi, le go rarabolola dikgotlhang tsa bone mo kgotlatshekelong ya beke le beke ya &quot;Hall of Justice&quot;. Moono wa gagwe e ne e le: &quot;Fa batho ba sa busiwe thata, ba tla ikobela go laolwa motlhofo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFHermann1981|Hermann 1981]], pp. 11–16&lt;/ref&gt; Davis o ne a ikaegile thata ka bokgoni jwa botsamaisi jwa ga Ben Montgomery, lekgoba le le rutegileng sentle le le neng le dira bontsi jwa kgwebo ya tshimo.

Ntwa ya Shiloh e ne ya simolola paka ya tlhakatlhakano (1862–1863), kwa Davis Bend, le fa baagi ba yone ba bantsho ba ne ba tswelela go lema. Tshimo e ne e tserwe ke dikhamphani tse pedi tsa masole a bantsho a Union ka Sedimonthole 1863. Ka fa tlase ga taolo ya ga Colonel Samuel Thomas, masole ano a ne a simolola go nonotsha lefelo le. Mojenerale Ulysses S. Grant o ne a tlhagisitse keletso ya go dira masimo a Davis &quot;paradaese ya batho bantsho.&quot; Thomas o ne a simolola go hirisetsa bahiri ba bantsho lefatshe ka paka ya dijalo ya 1864.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFHermann1981|Hermann 1981]], pp. 38–47&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Foner (2011). ''Reconstruction''. p. 59.&lt;/ref&gt; Batshabi ba bantsho ba ba neng ba kokoane kwa Vicksburg ba ne ba fudugela ka bontsi kwa Davis Bend ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya Lephata la ga Freedman (setheo se se neng se tlhamilwe ke sesole pele ga tetla ya Congress ya &quot;Freedmen's Bureau&quot;, e e tla tlotliwang fa tlase).&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 17&lt;/ref&gt;

Davis Bend o ne a tshwarwa mo gare ga ntwa ya turf fa gare ga sesole le Lephata la Matlotlo. Ka Tlhakole 1864, Lephata la Matlotlo le ne la tsaya gape diekere di le dikete tse pedi tsa Davis Bend, la di busetsa kwa beng ba basweu ba ba neng ba ikanne boikanyegi.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFHermann1981|Hermann 1981]], p. 39&lt;/ref&gt; Gape e ne ya hira diekere di le  sekete le makgolo a mabedi go babeeletsi ba Bokone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFHermann1981|Hermann 1981]], p. 50&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa Thomas a ne a gana ditaelo tsa go thibela batho bantsho ba ba gololesegileng go lema, Mojenerale Eaton o ne a mo laela gore a ikobele ditaelo tse. Eaton gape o ne a laela Thomas go tsaya didirisiwa tsa temothuo tse di neng di tshwerwe ke batho bantsho, ka mabaka a gore—ka gonne molao wa Mississippi o ne o thibela makgoba go nna le dithoto—ba tshwanetse ba bo ba utswile dithoto tse di ntseng jalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;Lephata la Matlotlo le ne la batla go duedisa badiri ba masimo madi a go dirisa bojalwa ja cotton.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Baagi ba Davis Bend ba ne ba ganetsa dikgato tseo ka natla. Mo boikuelong jo bo saenilweng ke balemibarui ba le masome matlhano le borataro (go akaretsa le Montgomery) mme jwa gatisiwa ke New Orleans Tribune:&lt;ref&gt;29 July 1865; quoted in [[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#cite_note-114|Oubre 1978]], p. 27&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa rona wa ga jaana, tshimo e e ne, ka go latela taelo ya Molaodi wa rona wa Poso, e amogilwe dipitse, dimmoulo, dikgomo le didirisiwa tsa temothuo tsa tlhaloso nngwe le nngwe, tse bontsi jwa tsone di neng di gapilwe le go tlisiwa mo meleng ya Union ke yo o saenileng fa tlase; ka ntlha ya go tlhoka dilo tseo, re ne ra fokodiwa go tlhoka go reka sengwe le sengwe se se tlhokegang mo temothuong, mme ka go fitlha jaanong re atlegile go dira karolo e e turang thata le e e lapisang thata ya tiro ya rona, re ipaakanyeditse go wetsa tiro ya rona e e turang thata le e e lapisang, re ipaakanyeditse go wetsa tiro ya go tlhotlha, go gatelela, go kala, go tshwaya, go romela, jalo le jalo mo go tshwanang ga kgwebo ga re letelelwa go dira jalo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Lekalana la Babagolotsweng ==
Go tloga ka 1863 go ya go 1865, Congress e ne ya ganetsana ka gore ke melao efe e e ka di dirisang go rarabolola dikgang tsa loago tse di neng di tla lebana le Borwa morago ga ntwa. Mokgatlho wa Thuso wa Freedmen o ne wa kgaratlhela gore go nne le &quot;Lekalana la Kgololesego&quot; go thusa mo phetogong ya itsholelo go tswa mo bokgobeng. E dirisitse Port Royal jaaka bosupi jwa gore batho bantsho ba ka tshela le go bereka ka bobone.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], pp. 336–338&lt;/ref&gt; Go ne go buiwa ka phetolo ya lefatshe gantsi, le fa bangwe ba ne ba ganetsa gore go tla tlhokega matlotlo a mantsi thata go netefatsa katlego ya balemibarui ba bantsho.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDu_Bois1935|Du Bois 1935]], pp. [https://archive.org/stream/blackreconstruc00dubo#page/222/mode/2up 222]–223&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Firikgong a le masome mararo le motso, 1865, Ntlo ya Baemedi e ne ya amogela [[Phetolo ya molaomotheo wa kwa United States ya lesome le boraro]], e e thibelang bokgoba le go nna makgoba jo bo sa ithaopelweng kwantle ga fa go otlhaiwa.

Khonkerese e ne ya tswelela go ngangisana ka maemo a ikonomi le loago a baagi ba ba gololesegileng, ka phetolothefosano ya lefatshe e e neng ya supiwa e le botlhokwa go fitlhelela kgololesego ya bantsho.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 413 &quot;Only a few weeks earlier the members of Congress by their approval of the Thirteenth Amendment had agreed that henceforth the Negro was to be a free man, never again a slave; now they took action to put him on the road to economic independence of the type traditional to free men in the 19th-century agrarian Republic, namely, ownership of the land that he tilled.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFRose1964|Rose 1964]], p. 339 &quot;With the approval of the Thirteenth Amendment, Congress had put its blessing on the free status of Negro Americans; the land provision of the Bureau Act was the natural response of a nation of small farmers to set the black man on the road to economic freedom. The purpose of the Bureau itself was to assure a reasonable and temporary protection for the Negro as he passed into his new condition.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Molaokakanyetso o o neng wa kwalwa mo komiting ya bokopano go tlamela ka lefatshe le le lekanyeditsweng ya ngwaga o le mongwe fa o ntse o letla tlhokomelo ya sesole ya batho ba ba golotsweng o ne wa ganwa kwa Senateng ke bafedisi ba ba neng ba akanya gore ga o direle batho ba ba golotsweng tshiamiso.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 417 &quot;The chief spokesmen for the Republican opposition were James W. Grimes of Iowa, Henry S. Lane of Indiana, and John P. Hale of New Hampshire, all antislavery men who feared that the supervision provided for the freedmen might lead to their abuse. As the New York ''Herald'' reported with some satisfaction, the Freedmen's Bureau bill 'was killed by its friends,' a display of independence towards Sumner which the paper found 'quite refreshing.'&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Komiti ya batho ba le barataro e ne ya kwala ka bonako &quot;molaokakanyetso o mosha gotlhelele&quot; o o neng wa oketsa thata tsholofetso ya one mo bathong ba ba golotsweng.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 418 Cox quotes &quot;an entirely new bill&quot; from the   ''[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llcg&amp;fileName=069/llcg069.db&amp;recNum=637 Congressional Globe]''. 3 March 1865. p. 1042.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mofuta ono o o nonofileng wa molaokakanyetso ono o ne wa fetisiwa ke matlo ka bobedi ka Mopito a le malatsi a mararo, 1865. Ka molaokakanyetso ono, Congress e ne ya tlhoma Lekala la Batshabi, Batho ba ba Gololesegileng le Mafatse a a Tlogetsweng ka fa tlase ga Lephata la Ntwa. Lekala le ne le na le taolo ya go tlamela batshabi ka dilwana—le taelo e e sa tlamelweng ka madi ya go aba lefatshe gape, ka diphuthelwana tse di ka fitlhang go diekere di le masome a mane:&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], pp. 20–21&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Karolo 4. ''Mme go tsenngwe molao gape'', Gore molaodi, ka fa tlase ga kaelo ya ga Tautona, o tla nna le taolo ya go kgaoganya, go dirisiwa ke batshabi ba ba ikanyegang le batho ba ba gololesegileng, dikarolo tse di ntseng jalo tsa lefatshe mo teng ga dikgaolo tse di tsuologetseng tse di tla bong di tlogetswe, kgotsa tse Amerika o tlaa nna le setlhogo se se bonweng ka go gapiwa kana ka go rekiwa, ka jang fela, mme go monna ope fela moagi, e ka twa ele motshabi kana a gololesegile, jaaka go boletswe fa godimo, go tla abelwa diekere tse di sa feteng masome a mane tsa lefatshe leo, mme motho yo le neng le abetswe jalo o tla sirelediwa mo tirisong le mo go itumeleleng lefatshe ka lobaka lwa dingwaga di le tharo ka rente ya ngwaga le ngwaga e e sa feteng diperesente di le thataro tsa boleng jwa lefatshe leo mo go lone. ngwaga wa makgolo a le lesomerobedi le masome a marataro, ka maikaelelo a go duedisa lekgetho, mme fa go ka se bonwe tshekatsheko e e ntseng jalo, gona rente e tla ikaega ka boleng jo bo fopholediwang jwa lefatshe mo ngwageng o o boletsweng, go netefadiwa ka mokgwa o molaodi a ka o laelang ka molawana. Kwa bokhutlong jwa paka e e boletsweng, kgotsa ka nako nngwe le nngwe mo pakeng e e boletsweng, batho ba ba nnang mo diphuthelwaneng dipe tse di abetsweng jalo ba ka reka lefatshe mme ba amogela setlhogo sa lone se Amerika e ka se fetisang, fa ba duela ka jalo boleng jwa lefatshe, jaaka bo netefaditswe le go tlhomamisiwa ka maikaelelo jwa go tlhomamisa rente ya ngwaga le ngwaga e e umakilweng fa godimo.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ka jalo molaokakanyetso o ne wa tlhoma tsamaiso e mo go yone batho bantsho ba Borwa ba neng ba ka hira lefatshe le le tlogetsweng le le tserweng, ka rente ya ngwaga le ngwaga ka 6% (kgotsa kwa tlase) ya boleng jwa lefatshe (e e sekasekilweng go duela lekgetho ka 1860). Morago ga dingwaga di le tharo, ba ne ba tla nna le kgetho ya go reka lefatshe le ka tlhwatlhwa e e tletseng. Lekala le le neng le okametse, le le neng la itsege jaaka Lekala la Babagololesegileng, e ne ya bewa ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo e e tswelelang ya sesole ka gonne Congress e ne e solofetse tlhokego ya go sireletsa mafelo a bonno a batho bantsho mo Basweung ba Borwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;Molaokakanyetso o ne o laela gore batho bantsho ba nne le lefatshe le le tshwanang le le neng le ikaegile ka tiro ya bone e e sa duelweng pele.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFCox1958|Cox 1958]], p. 413 &quot;Implicit in the decision was the acceptance of the fact that the freedmen would not be colonized abroad, as Lincoln and many others less concerned with the Negro's welfare had wished, nor even colonized in designated areas within the home boundaries, but that he should remain a basic economic and social element in his southern homeland.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa Lincoln a sena go bolawa, Andrew Johnson o ne a nna tautona. Ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe, 1865, Johnson o ne a ntsha kgoeletso ya go itshwarela baagi ba ba tlwaelesegileng ba ba kwa Borwa ba ba neng ba ikana gore ba tla ikanyega, a sa solofetse fela gore ba tla sirelediwa mo dipolotiking mme gape o tla busediwa dithoto tse di tserweng. (Kgoeletso ya ga Johnson e ne e sa akaretse boradipolotiki ba Confederate, badiredi ba sesole, le beng ba lefatshe ba ba nang le dithoto tse di fetang $20,000.) Mojenerale O. O. Howard, mookamedi wa Lekala la Babagololesegileng, o ne a kopa tlhaloso go tswa go Mmueledi Mogolo James Speed ​​malebang le kafa kgoeletso eno e neng e tla ama ka gone taelo ya Lekala la Babagololesegileng. Speed ​​o ne a araba ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bobedi, 1865, gore Molaodi wa Lekala:&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 31&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMcFeely1994|McFeely 1994]], p. 99&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Andrew Johnson (29 May 1865). [https://www.nytimes.com/1865/05/30/news/president-johnson-s-amnesty-proclamation-restoration-rights-property-except.html &quot;Amnesty Proclamation&quot;]. ''The New York Times''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;James Speed (22 June 1865). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224444/http://www.drbronsontours.com/bronsonattorneygeneraljamesspeedopinionondutyofcommissionerofthefreedmensbureaujune221865.html &quot;Opinion on Duty of the Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.drbronsontours.com/bronsonattorneygeneraljamesspeedopinionondutyofcommissionerofthefreedmensbureaujune221865.html the original] on 8 May 2014. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le borataro ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

... o na le ''taolo'', ka fa tlase ga kaelo ya ga Tautona, go kgaoganya tiriso ya batshabi ba ba ikanyegang le batho ba ba golotsweng mafatshe a go buiwang ka one; mme o ''tlhokiwa'' go abela monna mongwe le mongwe wa setlhopha seo sa batho, e seng go feta diekere di le masome a mane tsa mafatshe a a ntseng jalo.

=== Mokwalo wa #lesome le boraro ===
Howard o ne a tsaya kgato ka bonako go ikaegilwe ka tetlelelo go tswa kwa go Speed, a laela lenaane la mafatshe a a leng teng go ka abiwa gape le go gana maiteko a basweu ba Borwa a go batla dithoto gape.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMcFeely1994|McFeely 1994]], pp. 100–101&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 32&lt;/ref&gt; Ka setlhoa sa lone ka 1865, Lekala la Babagololesegileng le ne le laola dekere di le dikete tse makgolo a ferabobedi go ya go dile makgolo a ferabongwe tsa masimo a pele e neng e le a beng ba makgoba.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Dalton_Conley|Dalton Conley]] (Fall 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110816220552/https://files.nyu.edu/dc66/public/pdf/contexts_reparations.pdf &quot;Forty Acres and a Mule: What if America Pays Reparations?&quot;] (PDF). ''Contexts''. '''1''' (3). Archived from [https://files.nyu.edu/dc66/public/pdf/contexts_reparations.pdf the original] (PDF) on 16 August 2011. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Lefelo le le ne le emetse 0.2% ya lefatshe kwa Borwa; kwa bofelong kitsiso ya ga Johnson e ne ya tlhoka gore Lekala le abele beng ba lone ba pele bontsi jwa yone gape.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;

Ka Phukwi a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi, 1865, Howard o ne a ntsha &quot;Mokwalo wa #lesome le boraro&quot;, taelo mo teng ga Lekala la Babagololesegileng go ntsha lefatshe go isa kwa batshabing le batho ba ba golotsweng. Mokwalo wa #lesome le boraro o laetse baemedi ba Lekala ka tlhamalalo go baya taelo ya Lekgotla la Dipuso ya go aba lefatshe kwa pele go na le kgoeletso ya ga Johnson ya itshwarelo. Karolo ya yone ya bofelo e ne ya tlhalosa jaana: &quot;Itshwarelo ya ga Tautona ga e kitla e tlhaloganngwa e le go neela dithoto tse di tlogetsweng kgotsa tse di tserweng tse ka molao di 'tlhometsweng Batshabi le Bagololesegi'&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMcFeely1994|McFeely 1994]], pp. 104–105&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;O. O. Howard (28 July 1865). &quot;Circular no. 13&quot;. ''National Archives and Records Administration, Record Group 105, Entry 24, No. 139 Asst Adjutant General Circulars 1865–1869, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Pp. 14–15; Transcribed from Original by John Soos in August, 2003''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Mokwalo wa #lesome le boraro, kabosesha ya lefatshe e ne e le molao wa semmuso wa Borwa jotlhe, mme e ne e tlhaloganngwa jalo ke badiredi ba sesole.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMcFeely1994|McFeely 1994]], p. 105 &quot;From July 28, 1865, until the circular order was rescinded in September, region-wide redistribution of abandoned and confiscated lands in the South was the stated policy of an agency of the United States government. It was so understood (if not put into practice) by army officers in the South. Had it been implemented, every freedman would not have gotten forty acres of land, but 20,000 Negro families in all sections of the South would have gotten a start on their own farms.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa a sena go ntsha Mokwalo wa #lesome le boraro, le fa go ntse jalo, Howard, yo go neng go lebega a sa itse gore ditaelo tsa gagwe di ka nna botlhokwa le go baka dikganetsano go le kana kang, o ne a tswa kwa Washington go ya go ikhutsa kwa Maine.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMcFeely1994|McFeely 1994]], pp. 108–109 &quot;It does not seem altogether improbable that Howard was not fully aware of the implications of his Circular. As happened more than once during Reconstruction, the compelling needs of the Negroes drew more radical moves from conservative hands. That the Commissioner was asking the President of the United States to acquiesce to a revolutionary principle of dividing large holdings.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Tautona Johnson le ba bangwe ba ne ba simolola go ganetsa Circular mo e ka nnang ka yone nako eo. Morago ga gore Johnson a laele Biro go busetsa boswa jwa mong wa masimo wa Tennessee yo o neng a ngongorega, Mogenerale Joseph S. Fullerton o ne a akantsha bonnye motlhankedi a le mongwe yo o ka fa tlase ga gagwe gore Mokwalo wa #lesome le boraro &quot;ga e kitla e tlhokomelwa mo nakong eno&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFHahnMillerO'DonovanRodrigue2008|Hahn et al. 2008]], p. 401 &quot;Complaints from aggrieved landowners about the refusal of Freedmen's Bureau officials to relinquish abandoned property soon reached President Johnson, who effectively nullified not only Howard's circular but also the intentions of Congress as expressed in the land provisions of the law creating the bureau. On August 16, intervening on behalf of a pardoned Confederate from his home state of Tennessee, Johnson ordered the bureau to restore the man's estate without delay. 'The same action will be had in all similar cases', he added.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa Howard a boela kwa Washington, Johnson o ne a mo laela gore a kwale Mokwalo o mosha o o neng o tla tlotla molao wa gagwe ya go busetsa lefatshe. Johnson o ne a gana mokwalo wa ga Howard mme a kwala mofuta wa gagwe, o a neng a o ntsha ka Lwetse a le lesome le bobedi jaaka Mokwalo wa #lesome le botlhano—go akaretsa le leina la ga Howard.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFHahnMillerO'DonovanRodrigue2008|Hahn et al. 2008]], pp. 402–403, document transcribed, pp. 431–432&lt;/ref&gt; Mokwalo wa #lesome le botlhano se tlhomile dikelo tse di gagametseng tsa go tlhoma thoto jaaka &quot;e e tserweng semmuso&quot; mme e ne ya nna le ditlamorago mo mafelong a le mantsi tsa go fedisa kabosesha ya lefatshe gotlhelele.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 38 &quot;The new circular made the possession of land so uncertain that many bureau agents discontinued their policy of assigning land to the freedmen.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

Segolobogolo mo pakeng ya dibeke di le thataro magareng ga Mokwalo wa #lesome le boraro le Mokwalo wa #lesome le botlhano, ‘diekere di le masome mane le mmoulo’ (mmogo le ditlamelo tse dingwe tse di tlhokegang mo temothuong) di ne di emela tsholofetso e e tlwaelesegileng ya baemedi ba Lekala la Babagololesegileng. Clinton B. Fisk, Mothusa Molaodi wa Lekala la Babagololesegileng ya Kentucky le Tennessee, o ne a itsisitse kwa kopanong ya sepolotiki ya batho bantsho: &quot;Ga ba a tshwanela go nna le kgololesego fela mme ba tshwanetse go nna le matlo a bone, diekere di le masome a mararo kgotsa di le masome a mane, le dimmoulo, matlo a bonno, le matlo a sekolo jalo jalo.&quot;

Motsamaisi mongwe wa Lekala kwa Virginia o ne a akantsha gore lelapa lengwe le lengwe le hirise setsha sa diekere di le masome mane, le dimmoulo, dithotse, kolotsana, didirisiwa, dipeo le dijo. Lelapa le ne le tla duelela dilwana tse morago ga go jala dijalo le go di rekisa.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 79&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Melao ya bantsho ===
Baemedi ba Lekala ba ne ba kopana le mathata a semolao mo go abeleng batho ba ba golotsweng lefatshe ka ntlha ya &quot;Melawana ya Bantsho&quot; e e neng ya fetisiwa ke makgotla a molao a Borwa kwa bokhutlong jwa 1865 le 1866. Mengwe ya melao e mesha e ne e thibela batho bantsho go nna le lefatshe kgotsa go le hirisa. Lekala la Babagololesegileng ka kakaretso le ne le tshwara Melao ya batho bantsho jaaka e e sa berekeng, go ikaegilwe ka molao wa puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, Biro e ne e sa kgone go gapeletsa tlhaloso ya yone ka metlha morago ga gore Sesole sa Kopano se tswe mo sesoleng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], pp. 191–192&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bokolone le go nna le magae ==
Ka nako ya ntwa le morago ga yone, boradipolotiki, bajenerale le ba bangwe ba ne ba akanya ka maano a a farologaneng a bokoloniale a a ka bong a neetse malapa a batho bantsho ditsha. Le fa Mokgatlho wa Bokoloniale wa Amerika o ne o ntse o dira batho ba le bantsi kwa Liberia le go amogela meneelo e mentsi (mo e ka nnang didolara di le milione o le mongwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850), o ne o sena bokgoni jwa go tsibogela kgololo ya bontsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;

Thutopatlisiso ya 2020 e ne ya bapisa ka katlego ya kabo ya lefatshe la mahala go makgoba a pele mo Morafeng wa Cherokee le go palelwa ke go naya makgoba a pele lefatshe la mahala kwa Confederacy. Patlisiso e fitlhetse gore le fa maemo a go tlhoka tekatekano ka 1860 a ne a tshwana mo Morafeng wa Cherokee le mo Confederacy, makgoba a pele a batho bantsho a ne a atlega mo Morafeng wa Cherokee mo masomeng a dingwaga a a latelang. Morafe wa Cherokee o ne o na le maemo a a kwa tlase a go tlhoka tekatekano ga merafe, lotseno lo lo kwa godimo lwa batho bantsho, dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa go itse go bala le go kwala mo bathong bantsho, le dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa go tsena sekolo mo bathong bantsho.&lt;ref&gt;Miller, Melinda C. (26 June 2019). [[doi:10.1162/rest_a_00842|&quot;&quot;The Righteous and Reasonable Ambition to Become a Landholder&quot;: Land and Racial Inequality in the Postbellum South&quot;]]. ''The Review of Economics and Statistics''. '''102''' (2): 381–394. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1162/rest_a_00842|10.1162/rest_a_00842]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-6535 0034-6535.]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dithulaganyo tsa bokolone jwa mafatshe a sele ===
Lincoln o ne a sa bolo go tshegetsa bokoloniale jaaka tharabololo e e utlwalang ya bothata jwa bokgoba, mme a latela maano a bokoloniale mo nakong yotlhe ya boporesidente jwa gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFLockett1991|Lockett 1991]], p. 430 &quot;Lincoln held the strong belief that colonization would accomplish a twofold objection: rid the nation of racial strife by ridding the nation of its freedmen, which in effect would render America a white man's country (Richardson, 1907, p. 153).&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFMagnessPage2011|Magness &amp; Page 2011]], pp. 3–4&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 1862, Congress e ne ya amogela $600,000 go duelela leano la ga Lincoln la go dira batho bantsho bokolone &quot;mo maemong a a ba siametseng&quot;, mme ya naya Lincoln dithata tse di anameng tsa bokhuduthamaga go rulaganya bokolone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFLockett1991|Lockett 1991]], pp. 431–432 &quot;This act made Lincoln the sole authority on all plans involving government-financed colonization, as well as on how the money would be spent. It pushed Lincoln far ahead in the field of those who had dedicated themselves to the colonization of the Negro, reaching back to Thomas Jefferson.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Lincoln o ne a tlhama Ofisi ya Bofaladi ka bonako mo teng ga Lephata la Merero ya Selegae mme a laela Lephata la Kgaolo go tsaya lefatshe le le tshwanetseng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Leano la ntlha le legolo le le neng la akanyediwa le ne le tla bo le rometse batho bantsho ba ba neng ba thapilwe ba ba sa duelelweng go nna baepi ba magala kwa Kgaolong ya Chiriquí, kwa Panama (e ka nako eo e neng e le karolo ya Gran Colombia). Baithaopi ba ne ba solofediwa diekere di le masome mane tsa lefatshe le tiro mo meepong; Senator Samuel C. Pomeroy, yo Lincoln a neng a mo tlhomile gore a okamele thulaganyo e, le ene o ne a rekile dimmoulo, dijokwe, didirisiwa, dikolotsana, dipeo le dilo tse dingwe go tshegetsa kolone e e neng e ka nna teng. Pomeroy o ne a amogela batho ba le makgolo a matlhano mo go ba le dikete tse lesome le boraro le makgolo a supa ba ba neng ba dira kopo ya tiro eo. Le fa go ntse jalo, leano leno le ne la phimolwa kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga, ka ntlha ya go ribololwa ga gore magala a Chiriquí a ne a le a boleng jo bo kwa tlase.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 4&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFLockett1991|Lockett 1991]], p. 433&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFPage2011|Page 2011]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Fela jaaka Liberia, setshaba se se ikemetseng sa bantsho, Haiti le yone e ne e tsewa e le lefelo le le siameng la go dira bokolone jwa batho ba ba golotsweng go tswa kwa U.S.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFLockett1991|Lockett 1991]], p. 432 &quot;Because Haiti and Liberia were black independent republics with climatic and topographical features favorable for Black people, Lincoln considered the two countries prime sites for establishing colonies ([[:en:Nicolay_&amp;_Hay|Nicolay &amp; Hay]], 1890, Vol. 6, p. 168).&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFPage2011|Page 2011]], p. 314&lt;/ref&gt; Fa leano la Chiriquí le ntse le tswelela pele ka 1862, Lincoln o ne a dira leano le lengwe la go dira setlhaketlhake se sennye sa Île à Vache gaufi le Haiti kolone.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFPage2011|Page 2011]], p. 313 &quot;In fact, the president had those two projects under consideration concurrently during late 1862 and early 1863—and even the 'second wave' of imperial schemes should be understood more in reference to their longer life than to the date of their initiation. Personally, Lincoln was keen to experiment with several options and to see what worked best.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Lincoln o ne a dira tumalano le rakgwebo Bernard Kock, yo o neng a bone ditshwanelo tsa go hirisa setlhaketlhake go lema le go rema dikgong.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFLockett1991|Lockett 1991]], p. 436&lt;/ref&gt; Palogotlhe ya Bantsho ba le makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano le boraro, bontsi jwa bone e le makau go tswa kwa kgaolong ya Tidewater go dikologa Hampton, Virginia e e neng e gapilwe, ba ne ba ithaopela go dira setlhaketlhake seo kolone.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBoyd1959|Boyd 1959]], p. 51&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Moranang a le lesome le bone, 1863, ba ne ba tswa kwa Fort Monroe ka &quot;Motlhokomedi wa Lewatle&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFLockett1991|Lockett 1991]], pp. 438–439&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFDyer1943|Dyer 1943]], pp. 60–61&lt;/ref&gt; Kock o ne a tsaya madi otlhe a bakolone ba neng ba na le one mme a se ka a ba duela dituelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt; Dipego tsa ntlha di ne di akantsha gore maemo a ne a le maswe thata, le fa gone moragonyana go ne ga ganetsanwa ka one. Palo ya bakoloni ba ne ba swa mo ngwageng wa ntlha.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBoyd1959|Boyd 1959]], p. 54&lt;/ref&gt; Bafalodi ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a ferabongwe le bobedi go tswa mo setlhopheng sa ntlha ba ne ba sala mo setlhaketlhakeng mme ba le masome a supa le boraro ba ne ba fudugetse kwa Aux Cayes; bontsi bo ne jwa busediwa kwa U.S. ke thomo ya Sesole sa Lewatle ka Tlhakole 1864.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFLockett1991|Lockett 1991]], p. 441&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 5&lt;/ref&gt; Congress e ne ya phimola taolo ya bokolone ya ga Lincoln ka Phukwi 1863.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFBoyd1959|Boyd 1959]], p. 56&lt;/ref&gt;

Lincoln o ne a tswelela go latelela maano a go dira bokolone, segolobogolo kwa British West Indies, mme ga go epe e e neng ya ungwa. Mokgatlho wa Bokolone wa Amerika o ne wa nna le batho ba le makgolo a le mmalwa kwa Liberia ka nako ya ntwa, le ba bangwe ba le dikete di le mmalwa mo dingwageng di le tlhano tse di latelang.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], p. 6&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dithulaganyo tsa selegae tsa bokolone ===
Mojenerale wa Kopano Nathan Bedford Forrest o ne a akantse ka 1865 pele ga bokhutlo jwa ntwa go thapa masole a mantsho le batho ba ba golotsweng mo go ageng seporo sa Kompone ya Seporo sa Memphis le Little Rock, a ba duela ka $1 (~$21.00 ka 2024)/letsatsi le mola wa lefatshe go bapa le seporo.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFOubre1978|Oubre 1978]], pp. 73–75&lt;/ref&gt; Kakanyo eo moragonyana e ne ya amogelwa ke Sherman, Howard, Johnson le Mmusi wa Arkansas e bong Isaac Murphy.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Forty_acres_and_a_mule#CITEREFHahnMillerO'DonovanRodrigue2008|Hahn et al. 2008]], pp. 402, document transcribed, pp. 410–411&lt;/ref&gt; Howard o ne a tsamaisa batho ba ba golotsweng ba le makgolo a le mmalwa go tswa kwa Alabama go ya kwa Arkansas go ya go dira mo moleng. O ne a tlhoma Edward Ord go okamela porojeke le go sireletsa batho ba ba golotsweng mo Forrest.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;

=== Molao wa Borwa wa go nna le lefatshe ===

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana ba sekolo ba kwa Chibok</title>
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      <text bytes="125709" sha1="5686b3wg9cgux3xd9jrz33tnxuyakhf" xml:space="preserve">Ka bosigo jwa Moranang a le lesome le bone go tsena ka lesome le botlhano, basetsana ba bontsi jwa bone e leng ba tumelo ya SeKeresete le ba tumelo ya Islam, ba dingwaga tse di fa gare ga lesome le borataro go tsena ka lesome le boferabobedi, ba le makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borartaro ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka ke setlhopha sa balwelakgololesego sa Islam sa Boko Haram kwa sekolong sa puso sa basetsana se segolwane kwa toropong ya Chibok, kgaolo ya Borno kwa lefatsheng la [[Nigeria]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24931684 &quot;US names Nigeria's Boko Haram and Ansaru 'terrorists'&quot;.] [[:en:BBC_News|''BBC News''.]] 13 November 2013. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20210228212720/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24931684 the original] on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing 88 Nigerian schoolgirls abducted by Islamic extremists still missing]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [[:en:Associated_Press|Associated Press]]. 19 April 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190520072021/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing Archived] from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Omeni, Akali (11 April 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20191103171633/https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-chibok-kidnappings-in-north-east-nigeria-a-military-analysis-of-before-and-after &quot;The Chibok Kidnappings in North-East Nigeria: A Military Analysis of Before and After&quot;]. [[:en:Small_Wars_Journal|''Small Wars Journal''.]] '''14''' (4). Archived from [https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/the-chibok-kidnappings-in-north-east-nigeria-a-military-analysis-of-before-and-after the original] on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Pele ga tlhaselo e, sekolo se ne se tswetswe dibeke di le nne ka ntlha ya kwelo tlase ya seemo sa tshireletsego, mme basetsana ba ne ba ile go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bone tsa bofelo tsa maranyane.

Morago ga tiragalo e, basetsana ba le masome a matlhano le bosupa ba ne ba iphalotsa ka go photsha mo diterakeng tse di neng di ba kgweetsa, bangwe ba faloditswe ke sesole sa ka Nigeria ka makgetho a a farologaneng.&lt;ref&gt;Romo, Vanessa (21 February 2018). [https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-nigeria-schoolgirls/another-schoolgirl-taken-boko-haram-rescued-nigerian-army-says-n577216 &quot;Nigerian Military Rescues 76 Schoolgirls After Alleged Boko Haram Attack&quot;]. ''[[:en:NPR|NPR]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026063713/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/21/587757512/nigerian-military-rescues-76-schoolgirls-after-alleged-boko-haram-attack Archived] from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Smith, Alexander; Bratu, Becky (20 May 2016). [https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-nigeria-schoolgirls/another-schoolgirl-taken-boko-haram-rescued-nigerian-army-says-n577216 &quot;Another Schoolgirl Taken by Boko Haram Is Rescued, Nigerian Army Says&quot;]. ''[[:en:NBC_News|NBC News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201027005639/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-nigeria-schoolgirls/another-schoolgirl-taken-boko-haram-rescued-nigerian-army-says-n577216 Archived] from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Amina Ali, mongwe wa basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, o ne a bonwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2016. O supa fa basetsana ba ba setseng ba santse ba le teng, mme ba le barataro ba tlhokafetse.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36338989 Boko Haram abductees freed in Nigeria]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 20 May 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190502233643/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36338989 Archived] from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le masome a mabdei le motso ngwaga wa 2021, dingwaga di supa morago ga go utsuwa ga ntlha ga basetsana ba, basetsana ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/14/nigeria-7-years-after-chibok-mass-abduction-still-no-solution &quot;Nigeria: 7 years after Chibok mass abduction, still no solution&quot;]. ''[[:en:Al_Jazeera_English|Al Jazeera]]''. 21 April 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210418024805/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/14/nigeria-7-years-after-chibok-mass-abduction-still-no-solution Archived] from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Obiezu, Timothy (15 April 2021). [https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_more-100-chibok-girls-still-missing-seven-years-later/6204623.html &quot;More Than 100 Chibok Girls Still Missing Seven Years Later&quot;]. [[:en:Voice_of_America|''Voice of America''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210418191329/https://www.voanews.com/africa/more-100-chibok-girls-still-missing-seven-years-later Archived] from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2021/04/nigeria-seven-years-since-chibok-the-government-fails-to-protect-children/ &quot;Nigeria: Seven years since Chibok, the government fails to protect children&quot;]. ''[[:en:Amnesty_International|Amnesty International]]''. 14 April 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210417232147/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/04/nigeria-seven-years-since-chibok-the-government-fails-to-protect-children/ Archived] from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2024, Motsheganong a le lesome le bone, dingwaga di le lesome morago ga go utsuwa, basetsana ba le masome a ferabongwe le bobedi ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe, go belaelwa ba le mo kgolegelong.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/04/nigeria-decade-after-boko-haram-attack-on-chibok-82-girls-still-in-captivity/ &quot;Nigeria: Decade after Boko Haram attack on Chibok, 82 girls still in captivity&quot;]. ''Amnesty International''. 14 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bangwe ba tlhalositse tiragalo ya go tshwarwa ga bone kwa bokopanong jwa ditshwanelo tsa setho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xat2T31waGM &quot;&quot;I escaped Boko Haram&quot; – A Nigerian girl who was kidnapped with 270 others (&quot;Bring Back Our Girls&quot;)&quot;.] [[:en:YouTube|''YouTube''.]] 25 February 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180414161925/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xat2T31waGM Archived] from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Boko Haram e dirisitse basetsana ba e le didirisiwa mo go buisaneng ka go rekolola magolegwa, ba supa fa ba tla tlogela basetsana ba bangwe fa ba neelwa bangwe ba baeteledipele ba bone ba ba kwa kgolegelong.

Basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka kwa Chibok ka ngwaga wa 2014, ke palo e potlana fela ya palo yotlhe ya batho ba ba tserweng  ke Boko Haram.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32299943 &quot;Nigeria Chibok abductions: What we know&quot;.] ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 8 May 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210301022609/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32299943 Archived] from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Lekgotla la Amnesty International le akanyeditse ka ngwaga wa 2015 fa basadi le basetsana ba ka tshwara diketse tse pedi ba tshwerwe ke setlhopha se fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2014, bontsi jwa bone ba dirilwe makgoba a tlhakanelo dikobo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tse di diragetseng pele ==
Setlhopha sa Boko Haram sa ditsuolodi se batla go tlhoma diofisi tsa tumelo ya Islam kwa Nigeria, le kgatlhanong le thuto ya segompieno ya kwa makgoeng, e bareng e gogela batho kgakala le go sala morago dithuto tsa Islam e le tsela ya botshelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;McElroy, Damien (6 July 2013). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html &quot;Extremist attack in Nigeria kills 42 at boarding school&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Daily_Telegraph|The Daily Telegraph]]''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20130709013656/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10163942/Extremist-attack-in-Nigeria-kills-42-at-boarding-school.html the original] on 9 July 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2014, dikete di le masome tsa batho ba ne ba bolaiwa kwa ditlhaselong tse di rotloeditsweng ke setlhopha se, puso ya kwa Nigeria e ne ya itsese fa lefatshe le le mo nakong ya tshoganyetso ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2013 kwa dikgaolong tsa Borno, Yobe le Adamawa, fa e lwa kgatlhanong le tlhaselo e. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&amp;dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fnigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives%2Fnews-story%2F38f7ceee9a0a2cdbe31417474280255a&amp;memtype=anonymous&amp;mode=premium&amp;v21=GROUPB-Segment-2-NOSCORE&amp;V21spcbehaviour=append Nigeria school attack claims 42 lives]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Australian|The Australian]]''. [[:en:Agence_France-Presse|Agence France-Presse]]. 6 July 2013. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20170828062322/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/nigeria-school-attack-claims-42-lives/news-story/38f7ceee9a0a2cdbe31417474280255a the original] on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;Ditlamorago e ne ya nna go tshwarwa kgotsa go bolawa ga akgolo a maloko a Boko Haram, fa ba ba setseng ba ne ba tshabela kwa dithabeng kwa ba neng ba simolola go tlhasela beng gae ba tswa teng.&lt;ref&gt;Adamu, Adamu; Faul, Michelle (6 June 2013). [https://www.newsday.com/news/30-killed-in-school-attack-in-nigeria-1.5638194 &quot;School attack kills 30 in northeast Nigeria&quot;]. ''[[:en:Newsday|Newsday]]''. Associated Press. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131005082604/http://www.newsday.com/news/30-killed-in-school-attack-in-nigeria-1.5638194 Archived] from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, letsholo le le ne la retelelwa ke go ritibatsa seemo sa lefatshe. Sesole sa kwa Fora se se kwa Mali se ne sa kgarameletsa Boko Haram mo lefatsheng la Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Dorell, Oren (21 April 2014). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/ &quot;Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls&quot;.] ''[[:en:USA_Today|USA Today]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140422093712/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Aronson, Samuel (28 April 2014). &quot;[https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/aqims-threat-to-western-interests-in-the-sahel AQIM and Boko Haram Threats to Western Interests in the Africa's Sahel&quot;]. Combating Terrorism Center Sentinel (CTC), West Point. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140513133524/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/aqims-threat-to-western-interests-in-the-sahel Archived] from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Nigeria - Borno.svg|left|thumb|Kwa kgaolo ya Borno e leng teng kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Nigeria]]
Boko Haram ba ne ba simolola go tlhasela dikolo ka ngwaga wa 2010, ba bolaya makgolo a bana ba sekolo ka ngwaga wa 2014. Mmueledi wa setlhopha seo are ditlhaselo tsa mofuta oo di tla tswelela fa e santse puso ya Nigeria e kgoreletsa dithuto tsa Islam. Bana ba le dikete di le lesome ba ne ba retelelwa ke go tsena sekolo ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa Boko Haram.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Boko Haram e itsege gape ka go tsaya basetsanyana ka dikgoka, ba e dumelang gore ga ba a tshwanela go rutega, mme ba ba dirise jaaka baapei kgotsa makgoba a tlhakanelo dikobo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 2013, Phukwi a le malatsi a le marataro, banna ba ba tswang mo Boko Harama ba tshotse ditlhobolo, ba ne ba tlhasela dikolo tsa puso kwa Mamudo, kwa kgaolong ya Yobe, ba bolaya batho ba tshwara masome a mane le bobedi. Bontsi jwa ba ba neng ba bolailwe ke bana ba sekolo, go na le babereki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2013, Lwetse a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe, banna ba Boko Haram ba tshotse ditlhobolo ba ne ba tsena kwa matlong a borobalo a basimane kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo temothuo kwa Gujiba, kwa kgaolong ya Yobe, ba bolaya baithuti ba le masome a mane le bone le barutabana.&lt;ref&gt;Adamu, Adamu; Faul, Michelle (29 September 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131002234600/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/at-least-42-killed-18-injured-in-nigeria-college-attack-by-suspected-islamic-extremists/article14589188/ &quot;Boko Haram blamed after attack on Nigerian college leaves as many as 50 dead&quot;]. [[:en:The_Globe_and_Mail|''The Globe and Mail''.]] Associated Press. Archived from [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/at-least-42-killed-18-injured-in-nigeria-college-attack-by-suspected-islamic-extremists/article14589188/ the original] on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ditlhaselo tsa Boko Haram di ne tsa gakala ka ngwaga wa 2014. Ka Tlhakole, setlhopha se ne sa bolaya banna ba BaKeresete ba le lekgolo kwa metseng ya Doron Baga le Izghe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Kgwedi yone yeo, basimane ba le masome a matlhano le boferabongwe ba ne ba bolawa kwa sekolong sa puso se segolwane kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe la Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140226141016/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school &quot;Boko Haram kills 59 children at Nigerian boarding school&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [[:en:Reuters|Reuters]]. 25 February 2014. Archived from [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/25/boko-haram-kills-children-boarding-school the original] on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Mopitlo, setlhopha se ne sa tlhasela manno a masole kwa Giwa, ba falotsa ba ba neng ba golegilwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Go tsaya ka dikgoka kwa Chibok go diragetse letsatsi le le lengwe le tlhaselo ya bomo kwa Abuja, e mo go yone batho ba ka nna masome a ferabobedi le boferabobedi ba tlhokafetseng.&lt;ref&gt;Perkins, Anne (23 April 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy &quot;200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?&quot;.] ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190522145259/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy Archived] from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Tsela e e yang kwa Chibok, gantsi e a tlhaselwa ka ntlha ya gore ga gona tshireletso ya batsamai ba yone ba metse eo ke puso.&lt;ref&gt;Mbah, Fidelis (14 April 2019). [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/4/14/nigerias-chibok-schoolgirls-five-years-on-112-still-missing &quot;Nigeria's Chibok schoolgirls: Five years on, 112 still missing&quot;]. [[:en:Al_Jazeera_English|''Al Jazeera''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210316175219/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/4/14/nigerias-chibok-schoolgirls-five-years-on-112-still-missing Archived] from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Boko Haram e beilwe molato wa dintsho di le dikete di le nne ka ngwaga wa 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Thuto e e amogetsweng go tswa mo lekgotleng la al-Qaeda Islamic Maghreb le al Qaeda kwa Arabian Peninsula e thusitse Boko Jaram go gakatsa ditlhaselo tsa yone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Abubakar, Aminu; Levs, Josh (5 May 2014). [https://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/05/world/africa/nigeria-abducted-girls/ &quot;'I will sell them,' Boko Haram leader says of kidnapped Nigerian girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140505155919/http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/05/world/africa/nigeria-abducted-girls/ Archived] from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Jonathan N.C Hill wa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa King's College of London o akantshitse gore Boko Haram e tsere basetsana ka dikgoka morago ga go thotloetso ywa al-Qaeda kwa Islamic Maghreb, o supa fa maikaelelo a setlhopha e le go dirisa basetsana le makgarejwana a e le didirisiwa tsa tlhakanelo dikobo le go tshosetsa beng gae gore ba dumalane le bone. Hill o tlhalosa fa ditlhaselo tse di tshwana le go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsaan kwa Algeria ka dingwaga tsa 1990 le 2000 di simologa.&lt;ref&gt;Hill, Jonathan N.C. (30 July 2014). [https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/boko-haram-the-chibok-abductions-and-nigerias-counterterrorism-strategy &quot;Boko Haram, the Chibok Abductions and Nigeria's Counterterrorism Strategy&quot;]. ''Combating Terrorism Center at West Point''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140904160609/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/boko-haram-the-chibok-abductions-and-nigerias-counterterrorism-strategy Archived] from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Marina Lazreg, &quot;Consequences of Political Liberalisation and Sociocultural Mobilisation for Women in Algeria, Egypt and Jordan,&quot; in Anne-Marie Goetz, Governing Women: Women's Political Effectiveness in Contexts of Democratisation and Governance Reform (New York: Routledge/UNRISD, 2009), p. 47.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go tsaya batho ka dikgoka ==
[[Setshwantsho:USArmy-BokoHaram-Chibock 2014.png|thumb|Mmepe o o supang ditiragalo tsa tlhaselo, o dirilwe ke ba sesole sa lefatshe la United States.]]
[[Setshwantsho:Chibok kidnapping destruction VOA.jpg|thumb|Tshenyo e e diragetseng kwa sekolong morago ga tlhaselo]]
E ne ya re ka bosigo jwa Motsheganong a le lesome le bone, ngwaga wa 2014, maloko a setlhopha sa ditsuolodi sa Islam ebong Boko Haram,&lt;ref&gt;Hegarty, Stephanie (14 April 2016). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35979157 &quot;Chibok abduction: The Nigerian town that lost its girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210526040033/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35979157 Archived] from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13809501 Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamist group?]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 24 November 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210301002500/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13809501 Archived] from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; sa tlhasela sekolo sa puso sa basetsana kwa Chibok, Nigeria, motse o bontsi jwa batho ba one e leng ba tumelo ya SeKeresete. Dioura di se kae pele ga tlhaselo e, banni ba Chibok ba amogela mogala g tswa kwa metseng e e mabapi, ba ba tsibosa ka tlhaselo e e tlang, ba ba neng ba iponetse ka matlho motseletsele wa dikoloi di pegile batho ba ba tshotseng ditlhobolo ba ya ntlheng ya toropo.&lt;ref&gt;Adewunmi, Bim; Mark, Monica; Burke, Jason (7 May 2014). &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/nigeria-boko-haram-mass-kidnapping-vital-questions Nigeria's mass kidnapping: the vital questions answered]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210301152504/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/nigeria-boko-haram-mass-kidnapping-vital-questions Archived] from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditsuolodi di ne tsa tsena kwa sekolong, ba ikaya fa ele masole a lefatshe la Nigeria ebile ba apere kapari ya sesole e e tshwanang.&lt;ref&gt;Burns, Rick (October 2015). &quot;[https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-BokoHaram.pdf Threat Tactics Report: Boko Haram]&quot; (PDF). [[:en:United_States_Army_Training_and_Doctrine_Command|''United States Army Training and Doctrine Command''. p. 15. Archived]] (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam (15 May 2014). [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/15/world/africa/tales-of-escapees-in-nigeria-add-to-worries-about-other-kidnapped-girls.html &quot;Tales of Escapees in Nigeria Add to Worries About Other Kidnapped Girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180824105406/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/15/world/africa/tales-of-escapees-in-nigeria-add-to-worries-about-other-kidnapped-girls.html Archived] from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam (15 May 2014). &quot;[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/15/world/africa/tales-of-escapees-in-nigeria-add-to-worries-about-other-kidnapped-girls.html Tales of Escapees in Nigeria Add to Worries About Other Kidnapped Girls]&quot;. [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180824105406/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/15/world/africa/tales-of-escapees-in-nigeria-add-to-worries-about-other-kidnapped-girls.html Archived] from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ne ba kopane le masole a lesome le botlhano a kwa Chibok ba ba neng ba retelelwa ke go emisa tlhaselo ka batlhasedi ba ne ba na le dipalo le dibetsa tse di fetang tsa bone, mme go ne ga seka ga romelwa thuso epe ke sesole sa Nigeria ka nako ya tlhaselo eo.&lt;ref&gt;Perkins, Anne (23 April 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy &quot;200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190522145259/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy Archived] from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Adewunmi, Bim; Mark, Monica; Burke, Jason (7 May 2014). &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/nigeria-boko-haram-mass-kidnapping-vital-questions Nigeria's mass kidnapping: the vital questions answered]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077]. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Lesole le lepodisi ba ne ba bolawa ka nako ya tlhaselo eo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/15/schoolgirls-kidnapped-suspected-islamists-nigeria Schoolgirls kidnapped by suspected Islamists in Nigeria]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [[:en:Associated_Press|Associated Press]]. 15 April 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210601030210/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/15/schoolgirls-kidnapped-suspected-islamists-nigeria Archived] from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tlhaselo e tsere dioura di le tlhano, e ka yone matlo a kwa hibok a neng a tshubiwa.&lt;ref&gt;Perkins, Anne (23 April 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy &quot;200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?&quot;]. [[:en:The_Guardian|''The Guardian''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190522145259/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy Archived] from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ya ka dipego tse di filweng ke bangwe ba basetsana, di akaretsa bukana e e neng e kwadilwe ke basetsaan ba le babedi (Naomi Adamu le Sarah Samuel) fa ba le mo kgolegelong, batlhasedi ba ne ba ikaeletse go utswa bontlha bongwe jwa motšhine, ebile ba sa itse se ba ka dirang ka basetsana ba.&lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam (15 May 2014). [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/15/world/africa/tales-of-escapees-in-nigeria-add-to-worries-about-other-kidnapped-girls.html &quot;Tales of Escapees in Nigeria Add to Worries About Other Kidnapped Girls&quot;]. [[:en:The_New_York_Times|''The New York Times''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180824105406/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/15/world/africa/tales-of-escapees-in-nigeria-add-to-worries-about-other-kidnapped-girls.html Archived] from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba boleleltse basetsana gore ba tswe ba tsamaye le bone. Basetsana bangwe ba ne ba pegiwa mo dikoloing fa bangwe ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go tsamaya ka dinao go fitlhelela diteraka tse dingwe di tla go ba tsaya, gongwe go ba isa mo lefelong la Konduga kgotsa sekgwa sa Sambisa kwa Boko Haram e nang le dikampa teng. Motswedi o o tlhokileng leina wa sesole o dumela fa basetsana ba kgaogantswe mo dikampeng tse difarologaneng tsa Boko haram, gaufi le letšha la Chad, dithaba tsa Gorsi le sekgwa sa Sambisa. Basetsana ba le masome matlhano le bosupa ba ne ba kgona go falola ka go photsha mo diterakeng tse ba neg ba pegilwe mo go tsone.&lt;ref&gt;Mbah, Fidelis (14 April 2019). [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/4/14/nigerias-chibok-schoolgirls-five-years-on-112-still-missing &quot;Nigeria's Chibok schoolgirls: Five years on, 112 still missing&quot;]. ''[[:en:Al_Jazeera_English|Al Jazeera]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210316175219/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/4/14/nigerias-chibok-schoolgirls-five-years-on-112-still-missing Archived] from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Moragonyana ga tlhaselo, ditlhopha tsa tshireletso le batsadi ba ne ba tsena mo sekgweng sa Sambisa ba leka go batla le go falodisa basetsana ba, mme ba ne ba seka ba atlega.&lt;ref&gt;Adewunmi, Bim; Mark, Monica; Burke, Jason (7 May 2014). &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/nigeria-boko-haram-mass-kidnapping-vital-questions Nigeria's mass kidnapping: the vital questions answered]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0261-3077 0261-3077]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210301152504/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/nigeria-boko-haram-mass-kidnapping-vital-questions Archived] from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sekolo se se ne se tswetswe dibeke di le nne pele ga tlhaselo ka ntlha ya kwelo tlase ya tshireletso, mme baithuti go tswa mo dikolong tse difarologanneg le metse ba ne ba tseneletse sekolo letsatsi leo go ya go kwala ditlhatlhobo tsa bofelo tsa Physics. Go ne go na le baithuti ba le makgolo a matlhano le masome a mararo ba ba neng ba kwadisitswe go tsaya karolo mo tlhatlhobong ya bofello kwa sekolong sa puso, le fa go sa itsagale gore ke ba le kae ba ba neng ba le teng ka nako ya tlhaselo. Bana ba ne ba le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro go tsena ka lesome le boferabobedi, ba dira ngwaga wa bone wa bofelo wa sekolo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383 &quot;Boko Haram admits abducting Nigeria girls from Chibok]&quot;. ''BBC News''. 5 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181130005647/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383 Archived] from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go ne go na le ketsaetsego ya gore ke basetsana ba le kae ba ba tserweng, ba sesole ba supa fa bontsi jwa basetsana ba tshabile kgotsa ba tlogetswe, fa ba ferabobedi fela ele bone ba tserweng, dikgang tse e neng e se boammaruri. Batsadi ba ne bare basetsana ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo le bone ga ba bonwe,&lt;ref&gt;Dorell, Oren (21 April 2014). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/ &quot;Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls&quot;]. [[:en:USA_Today|''USA Today''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140422093712/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme sepodise sone se supa fa ba le makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borataro ba tserwe ka nako ya tlhaselo, fa ba le masome a matlhano le boraro ba iphalodisitse ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mabedi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/160005-nigerian-police-begin-documentation-kidnapped-girls.html Nigerian Police Begin Documentation of Kidnapped Girls]&quot;. ''[[:en:Premium_Times|Premium Times]]''. 2 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140529092130/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/160005-nigerian-police-begin-documentation-kidnapped-girls.html Archived] from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go ne go dumalanwe pele gore ba le makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borataro ba tserwe.&lt;ref&gt;Omolade, Temitope (5 August 2016). [https://www.dw.com/en/timeline-on-nigerias-missing-chibok-schoolgirls/a-19266328 &quot;Timeline on Nigeria's missing Chibok schoolgirls&quot;]. ''[[:en:Deutsche_Welle|Deutsche Welle]]''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20210525023224/https://www.dw.com/en/timeline-on-nigerias-missing-chibok-schoolgirls/a-19266328 the original] on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Dipego tse dingwe di fa dipalo tse difarologaneng tsa basetsana ba ba tserweng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210621185039/https://www.voanews.com/africa/authorities-276-kidnapped-girls-still-missing-nigeria &quot;Authorities – 276 Kidnapped Girls Still Missing in Nigeria&quot;]. ''Voice of America''. 2 May 2014. Archived from [https://www.voanews.com/africa/authorities-276-kidnapped-girls-still-missing-nigeria the original] on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Maclean, Ruth (3 May 2014). [https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/nigerian-school-says-329-girl-pupils-missing-ssl6jkmcclw?region=global &quot;Nigerian school says 329 girl pupils missing&quot;]. ''The Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033452/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/africa/article4079819.ece Archived] from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chomiak, Catherine; Gittens, Hasani (13 May 2014). &quot;[https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-nigeria-schoolgirls/united-states-sending-manned-flights-over-nigeria-look-girls-n103701 United States Sending Manned Flights Over Nigeria to Look for Girls]&quot;. ''[[:en:NBC_News|NBC News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190214062909/https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-nigeria-schoolgirls/united-states-sending-manned-flights-over-nigeria-look-girls-n103701 Archived] from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lekgotla la Amnesty International le kgadile puso ya Nigeria, le dumela fa sesole sa Nigeria se ne se boleletswe ka tlhaselo dioura di le nne pele ga e diragala, mme ba palelwa ke go romela bathusi go sireletsa sekolo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27344863 &quot;Nigeria abductions: Warnings of school raid 'ignored']&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 9 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140509171820/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27344863 Archived] from the original on 9 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Moeteledipele wa sesole sa Nigeria morago o ne a dumalana gore ba ne ba itse ka tiragalo e dioura di le nne pele ga e diragala mme a supa fa ba ne ba sa kgone go romela bathusi.&lt;ref&gt;Macdonald, Hamish; Omisore, Bola (9 May 2014). [https://abcnews.go.com/International/nigeria-hour-warning-school-raid-amnesty-international/story?id=23652165 &quot;Nigeria Had 4-Hour Warning on School Raid, Amnesty International Says]&quot;. ''[[:en:ABC_News_(United_States)|ABC News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200724160504/https://abcnews.go.com/International/nigeria-hour-warning-school-raid-amnesty-international/story?id=23652165 Archived] from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditlamorago ==

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2014 ===
[[Setshwantsho:CEE-HOPE NIGERIA FOR WIKI LOVES WOMEN&quot;S PROJECT IN NIGERIA 13.jpg|thumb|Lekgotla la CEE-HOPE la Nigeria le ne la rulaganya tirelo ya segopotso sa go tsewa ka dikgoka, morago ga ngwaga.]]
Palo e ntsi ya basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, e ne ya patelediwa go fetogela kwa tumelong ya Islam.&lt;ref&gt;LaFranchi, Howard (5 May 2014). [[:en:Chibok_schoolgirls_kidnapping|&quot;What role for US in efforts to rescue Nigeria's kidnapped girls?&quot;]]. ''[[:en:The_Christian_Science_Monitor|The Christian Science Monitor]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326073323/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Foreign-Policy/2014/0505/What-role-for-US-in-efforts-to-rescue-Nigeria-s-kidnapped-girls-video Archived] from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Moodley, Kiran (27 October 2014). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/inside-boko-haram-women-and-girls-forced-to-marry-convert-and-endure-forced-labor-and-rape-in-captivity-9820251.html &quot;Inside Boko Haram: Women and girls forced to marry, convert and endure forced labour and rape in captivity&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Independent|The Independent]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210610054126/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/inside-boko-haram-women-and-girls-forced-marry-convert-and-endure-forced-labor-and-rape-captivity-9820251.html Archived] from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Smith, David; Sherwood, Harriet (15 May 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/14/nigeria-launches-military-operation-to-find-kidnapped-girls &quot;Military operation launched to locate kidnapped Nigerian girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180813175333/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/14/nigeria-launches-military-operation-to-find-kidnapped-girls Archived] from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Basetsana ba ne ba patelediwa go tsena mo lonyalong le maloko a Boko Haram, ka bogadi jwa N2000. Banjo ba kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa, ba ne ba bega fa ba bone baithuti ba. Baby bangwe ba ne ba bega fa ba ba bone ba kgabaganyetsa mo mafatshing a a mabapi a [[Chad]] le [[Cameroon]] ba na le ditsuolodi,&lt;ref&gt;Heaton, Laura (30 April 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10797454/Nigeria-kidnapped-schoolgirls-sold-as-wives-to-Islamist-fighters.html &quot;Nigeria: kidnapped schoolgirls 'sold as wives to Islamist fighters'&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Daily_Telegraph|The Daily Telegraph]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190528180532/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10797454/Nigeria-kidnapped-schoolgirls-sold-as-wives-to-Islamist-fighters.html Archived] from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hassan, Turaki A; Sule, Ibrahim Kabiru; Mutum, Ronald (29 April 2014). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140506232533/http://www.dailytrust.info/index.php/top-stories/22791-abducted-girls-moved-abroad Abducted girls moved abroad]&quot;. ''Daily Trust''. Archived from [https://monetize.info/affiliate-marketing-guides/ the original] on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le fa Kashim Shettima, molaodi wa kgaolo ya Borno a ne a supa fa a bone basetsana ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le motso, mme a supa fa ba sa tlola molelwane. Sesole sa Nigeria se ne sa kopa thuso mo baithaoping le baeladilotlhoko, go sekaseka dikgwa tse di gaufi le melelwane,ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome mabedi le motso.&lt;ref&gt;Dorell, Oren (21 April 2014). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/ &quot;Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls]&quot;. ''[[:en:USA_Today|USA Today]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140422093712/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Banni ba mo gae ba ne ba kgona go latedisa metsamao ya baithuti,ka thuso ya ba ba itseng kwa bokone botlhaba jwa lefatshe la Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;Heaton, Laura (30 April 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10797454/Nigeria-kidnapped-schoolgirls-sold-as-wives-to-Islamist-fighters.html &quot;Nigeria: kidnapped schoolgirls 'sold as wives to Islamist fighters'&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Daily_Telegraph|The Daily Telegraph]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190528180532/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10797454/Nigeria-kidnapped-schoolgirls-sold-as-wives-to-Islamist-fighters.html Archived] from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mokwalo o o neng o dirilwe ke bangwe basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka o supa ka fa bangwe ba kgonneng go falola ka teng mme baagi ba mo metseng ba ba busetsa kwa bathong ba Boko Haram ba ba neng ba ba betsa go ba otlhaya.&lt;ref&gt;Adamu, Naomi (23 October 2017). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-41570252 &quot;The secret diaries of the Chibok girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171023153536/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-41570252 Archived] from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le mabedi, sepodise sa lefatshe ka Nigeria se ne se supa fa palo ya baithuti ba na tserweng ka dikgoka e sa papamala, mme ba kopa bana go romela maina le dinepe tsa basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka,gore go dirwe palo ya semmuso. Mapodise ba ne ba supa fa ketsaetsego e bakilwe ke tshenyo ya dipampiri tsa sekolo ka nako ya tlhaselo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/160005-nigerian-police-begin-documentation-kidnapped-girls.html?tztc=1 Nigerian Police Begin Documentation of Kidnapped Girls]&quot;. ''[[:en:Premium_Times|Premium Times]]''. 2 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140529092130/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/160005-nigerian-police-begin-documentation-kidnapped-girls.html Archived] from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;Tautona wa lefatshe la Nigeria,Goodluck Jonathan, o ne a buwa phatlalatsa ka go tsewa ga basetsana, e le lantlha ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mane, a re puso e dira gotlhe mo e ka go kgonang go batla basetsana ba ba sa bonweng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383 &quot;Boko Haram admits abducting Nigeria girls from Chibok&quot;.] ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 5 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181130005647/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383 Archived] from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a kgala batsadi go bo ba sa neele puso tse ba tlhokang go di itse ka bana ba bone ba ba sa bonweng, a supa fa ba sa dirisane le ba sepodise.&lt;ref&gt;Abubakar, Aminu; Levs, Josh (5 May 2014). [https://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/05/world/africa/nigeria-abducted-girls/ &quot;'I will sell them,' Boko Haram leader says of kidnapped Nigerian girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140505155919/http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/05/world/africa/nigeria-abducted-girls/ Archived] from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pampiri ya dikgang ya The Guardian, e ne ya bega fa sesole sa mo phefong sa bogosi jwa Britain, se dirile letsholo le le bidiwang &quot;Turus&quot; e le go tsibogela go tsewa ga basetsana ba. Motswedi o o amanang le sesole seo, o ne wa bolelela pampiri ya dikgang ya The Observer gore basetsana ba sale ba bonwe ka dibeke tsa ntlha tsa thomo ya sesole seo, le gore bone e le sesole sa Britain sa bogosi, ba ne ba batlile go ba falotsa, mme puso ya Nigeria ya gana, ka ba ne ba bona kgang e, ele kgang ya lefatshe leo e e tshwanetseng go rarabololwa ke boramatlhale ba Nigeria le maphata a tshireletso.&lt;ref&gt;McQue, Katie (4 March 2017). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/04/nigeria-declined-uk-offer-to-rescue-chibok-girls &quot;Nigeria rejected British offer to rescue seized Chibok schoolgirls&quot;]. [[:en:The_Observer|''The Observer''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170330190503/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/04/nigeria-declined-uk-offer-to-rescue-chibok-girls The Guardian]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170330190503/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/04/nigeria-declined-uk-offer-to-rescue-chibok-girls Archived] from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Moemedi wa lefatshe la Britain kwa Nigeria, Andrew Pocock, o ne a re dikgwedi di le mmalwa morago ga go tsewa ga basetsana, setlhopha sa basetsana ba sekolo sa Chibok ba le masome a ferabobedi se ne sa bonwa ke maranyane a &quot;leitlho mo loaping&quot; a lefatshe la America, mme go ne ga seka ga dirwa sepe. Basetsana ba ka nna masome a ferabobedi, kampa,le bosupi jwa go tsamaya ga koloi di ne tsa bonwa go bapa le lefelo la lotshwao le le bidiwang &quot;tree of life&quot; gaufi le sekgwa sa Sambisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Lamb, Christina (20 March 2016). [https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/a-fight-for-the-soul-of-the-world-khbhmjv0h &quot;A fight for the soul of the world&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Sunday_Times|The Sunday Times]]''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20210711171024/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a-fight-for-the-soul-of-the-world-khbhmjv0h the original] on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Moeteledipele wa Boko Haram, Abubakar Shekau, o ne a tsaya maikarabelo a go tsaya basetsana ka dikgoka mo setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego se se ntshitsweng moragonyana ga nako ya bongwe motshegare wa Motsheganong a le malatsi a matlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.wired.com/story/bring-back-our-girls-international-rallying-cry/ How a Hashtag Went Viral - and Incited a Military Intervention]&quot;. ''[[:en:Wired_(magazine)|Wired]]''. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1059-1028 1059-1028]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210313112003/https://www.wired.com/story/bring-back-our-girls-international-rallying-cry/ Archived] from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Shekau o ne a supa fa Allah a mo kaetse go ba rekisa mme ebile o tla diragatsa ditaelo tsa gagwe,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383 Boko Haram admits abducting Nigeria girls from Chibok]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 5 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181130005647/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383 Archived] from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le gore bokgoba bo a letlelesega mo tumelong ya gagwe, o tla tshwara batho a ba dire makgoba. O ne a re basetsana bao ba ne ba sa tshwanela go ka bo ba ne ba le kwa sekolong, ba ka bo ba nyetswe ka basetsana ba ba dingwaga di ferabongwe ba lekane go nyalwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27283383 &quot;Boko Haram admits abducting Nigeria girls from Chibok&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 5 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181130005647/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27283383 Archived] from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lister, Tim (6 May 2014). [https://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/06/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-analysis/ &quot;Boko Haram: The essence of terror&quot;]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140513033040/http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/06/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-analysis/ Archived] from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setshwantsho se sengwe sa motshikhinyego se ne sa ntshiwa morago ga beke, se supa basetsana ba le lekgolo masome a mararo ba apere mesese le ditukwi tsa tumelo ya Islam.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27342757 Nigeria abductions: Timeline of events]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 12 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210309181903/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27342757 Archived] from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27389082 Nigeria abduction video: Schoolgirls 'recognised]'&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 14 May 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20210308024331/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27389082 the original] on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; E ne e le lantlha basetsana ba bonwa fa e sale ba tsewa kwa Chibok.&lt;ref&gt;Nossiter, Adam (13 May 2014). [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/world/africa/boko-haram-video-kidnapped-nigerian-girls.html &quot;Nigerian Girls Seen in Video From Militants&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210209045914/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/world/africa/boko-haram-video-kidnapped-nigerian-girls.html Archived] from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo setshwantshong seo, Shekau o ne a dumalana gore bontsi jwa basetsana bao ga se ba tumelo ya Muslim, mme bangwe ba fetogetse kwa tumelong eo, mme ba tla ba tshwara sentle jaaka moporofite Mohammad a ne a tshwara batho ba ba sa dumeleng mo Modimong wa gagwe, ba a neng a ba tshwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Nossiter, Adam (13 May 2014). [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/world/africa/boko-haram-video-kidnapped-nigerian-girls.html &quot;Nigerian Girls Seen in Video From Militants&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20210209045914/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/world/africa/boko-haram-video-kidnapped-nigerian-girls.html the original] on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Shekau o ne a supa gore ga a ka ke a tlogela basetsana go fitlhelela maloko a Boko Haram a a kwa kgolegelong a gololwa, ba ntsha kgang ya go neelana batshwarwa le puso ya Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Morago ga go tsewa ga basetsana kwa Chibok, ditlhaselo di le dintsi tse di amangwang le Boko Haram di ne tsa diragala kwa lefatsheng la Nigeria. ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a le matlhano, baagi ba toropo e e gautshwane ya Gamboru Ngala ba le makgolo a mararo ba ne ba bolawa mo tlhaselong ya masole a Boko Haram morago ga gore makgotla a itshireletso a tswe kwa toropong e o go ya go senka basetsana.&lt;ref&gt;Faul, Michelle (7 May 2014). [https://apnews.com/general-news-fda9096e64674d439445ecc87ee0e3b7 &quot;Islamic militant attack in Nigeria kills hundreds&quot;.] ''Associated Press''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210622184944/https://apnews.com/article/fda9096e64674d439445ecc87ee0e3b7 Archived] from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Letsatsi le le latelanng Boko Haram e ne ya tsaya basetsana ba ferabobedi ba ba dingwaga tse di lesome le bobedi go tsena ka lesome le botlhano kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-05-06/an-boko-haram-kidnap-more-girls-in-nigeria/5435050 Boko Haram kidnaps more girls in Nigeria]&quot;. ''[[:en:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation|Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]''. Reuters. 6 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140511102650/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-05-06/an-boko-haram-kidnap-more-girls-in-nigeria/5435050 Archived] from the original on 11 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ka bosigo jwa Motsheganong a le lesome le bone, Boko Haram e ne ya tlhasela motseletsele wa dikoloi o o neng o senka basetsana ba ba neng ba tshwerwe go bapa le Chibok, ba bolaya masole a le lesome le bobedi, ba gobatsa ba bangwe ba le mmalwa. tiragalo e e ne ya baka go gana go rongwa ga makgotla a tshireletso a kwa Maiduguri, ba fokotsa kgonagalo ya go falotsa basetsana ga sesole sa Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;Burns, Rick (2015), ''[https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-BokoHaram.pdf Threat Tactics Report: Boko Haram, TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration]'' (PDF), [[:en:United_States_Army_Training_and_Doctrine_Command|United States Army Training and Doctrine Command]], p. 9,10, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170312165947/https://info.publicintelligence.net/USArmy-BokoHaram.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2017, retrieved 16 May 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Malatsi a le masome mabedi go tsena a le masome a mararo a kgwedi ya Seetebosigo, basadi le bana ba le masome a ferabongwe le bongwe ba ne ba tshwarwa kwa dikgaolong tse dingwe tsa Borno, ba tshwarwa ke batho ba Boko Haram,&lt;ref&gt;Pflanz, Mike; Strange, Hannah (23 June 2014). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10922087/Islamist-fighters-kidnap-90-women-and-children-from-Nigeria-villages.html &quot;Islamist fighters 'kidnap 90 women and children' from Nigeria villages&quot;.] ''[[:en:The_Daily_Telegraph|The Telegraph]]''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20140625083453/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/10922087/Islamist-fighters-kidnap-90-women-and-children-from-Nigeria-villages.html the original] on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ka palo e go akanyediwang e le makgolo a marataro a basetsana ba ba kwa dikampeng tse tharo tsa Boko Haram kwa ntle ga Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;Haynes, Deborah (9 June 2014). [https://www.thetimes.com/world/africa/article/more-than-600-girls-kidnapped-by-boko-haram-militants-wh9pcxndsn3 &quot;More than 600 girls kidnapped by Boko Haram militants&quot;]. ''The Times''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160817015338/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/africa/article4112853.ece the original] on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Boko Haram e ne ya tlhasela gape kwa Chibok le metse e e mabapi ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le bobedi, ba bolaya batho ba le masome a matlhano le bongwe, le ba le lesome le motso ba ba tserweng ba akaretsa batsadi ba basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/7/22/boko-haram-attacks-hometown-of-missing-girls &quot;Boko Haram attacks hometown of missing girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:Al_Jazeera_English|Al Jazeera]]''. 22 July 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20210420170649/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/7/22/boko-haram-attacks-hometown-of-missing-girls the original] on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tumalano ya go falotsa basetsana ka go golola magolegwa a le lekgolo a Boko Haram a a kwa dikgolegelong tsa Nigeria e ne ya boelwa orago ka Motsheganong a le masome a amabedi le bone morago ga gore tautona goodluck Jonathan a bue le baemedi ba mafatshe a United States, Israel, France le Britain kwa Paris, kwa tumalano e neng ya nna gore ga go a tshwanelwa go dumalanwa sepe le ditsuolodi, le gore tharabololo e e akaretsang dikgoka e a tlhokafala.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140528021909/http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/222347979/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Nigerian-government-called-off-deal-to-free-kidnapped-girls &quot;Nigerian government 'called off deal' to free kidnapped girls&quot;]. ''Nigeria Sun''. Archived from [https://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/222347979/scat/8db1f72cde37faf3/ht/Nigerian-government-called-off-deal-to-free-kidnapped-girls the original] on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27577968 &quot;Nigeria kidnapped girls: Government 'called off deal'&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 26 May 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023449/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-27577968 the original] on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya motsheganong e le masome a mabedi le borataro, ramasole wa Nigeria o ne a itsise fa sesole sa Nigeria se bone basetsana, mme ba supa fa ba ka se ba falotse ka dikgoka ka ba tshaba gore go ka ama ba ba seng molato.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27582873 &quot;Nigeria army 'knows where Boko Haram are holding girls'&quot;.] ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 27 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140527023132/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27582873 Archived] from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Basetsana ba le babedi ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, ba ne ba fitlhelwa ba dirisitswe botlhaswa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, ba le gaufi le loso ebile ba bofeletswe mo setlhareng ka motsheganong a le malatsi a a masome a mararo, ke sesole sa mo gae kwa kgaolong ya baale kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.theparadigmng.com/cgi-sys/defaultwebpage.cgi &quot;#BringBackOurGirls: Two Chibok Girls Raped And Left To Die In Sambisa Forest By Boko Haram&quot;.] ''The Paradigm''. 19 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150129154600/http://www.theparadigmng.com/?p=18056 Archived] from the original on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Grill, Bartholomaus; Selander, Toby (30 May 2014). [https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/boko-haram-continues-to-terrorize-northern-nigeria-a-972282.html &quot;The Devil in Nigeria: Boko Haram's Reign of Terror&quot;.] [[:en:Der_Spiegel|''Der Spiegel''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160915081728/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/boko-haram-continues-to-terrorize-northern-nigeria-a-972282.html Archived] from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Banni ba mo gae bare Boko Haram e ne e tlogetse basetsana ba babedi mme e bolaile ba le bane ba ba neng ba sa utlwe, ya ba katela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Basetsana ba bangwe ba le bane ba ne ba iphalotsa moragonyana, ba tsamaya dibeke di le tharo mme ba goroga kwa kgwedi ya Phalane e le lesome le bobedi. Bare ba ne ba le kwa kampeng kwa lefatsheng la Cameroon, ba dirisiwa botlhaswa letsatsi le letsatsi.&lt;ref&gt;Maclean, Ruth (12 October 2014). [https://www.thetimes.com/world/africa/article/kidnapped-boko-haram-girls-make-long-walk-to-freedom-793qjjfnzgk &quot;Kidnapped Boko Haram girls make long walk to freedom&quot;.] [[:en:The_Times|''The Times''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210525000027/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kidnapped-boko-haram-girls-make-long-walk-to-freedom-793qjjfnzgk Archived] from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ne ga begiwa ka Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le borataro gore puso ya Nigeria e beile monwana tumalano e e jang sedikadike se le sengwe le bobedi sa madi a di dolara, le kompone ya botsalano le morafe ya Levick, kwa Washington D.C, go bereka mo go tsa bobega dikgang jwa mafatshe le jwa mo gae bo bo amang go tsewa ga basetsana.&lt;ref&gt;Wilson, Megan (26 June 2014). [https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/210635-nigeria-hires-pr-for-boko-haram-fallout/ &quot;Nigeria hires PR for Boko Haram fallout&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Hill_(newspaper)|The Hill]]''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20201002072558/https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/210635-nigeria-hires-pr-for-boko-haram-fallout the original] on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mnthali, Luso (1 July 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/01/nigerian-government-pr-deal-chibok &quot;Nigeria signs $1.2m PR deal to improve image after Boko Haram kidnaps&quot;]. [[:en:The_Guardian|''The Guardian''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000452/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/01/nigerian-government-pr-deal-chibok Archived] from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved  16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tumaalno e, e ne ya supiwa e le tshenyo ya madi ke ba ba kgalang tautona Jonathan.&lt;ref&gt;Cocks, Tim (8 July 2014). [https://www.reuters.com/article/nigeria-violence-jonathan-idUSL2N0PJ0CP20140708/ &quot;Jonathan's PR offensive backfires in Nigeria and abroad&quot;]. ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210420170620/https://www.reuters.com/article/nigeria-violence-jonathan-idUSL2N0PJ0CP20140708 Archived] from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Jonathan o ne a kgalelwa go tlhoka go buisana mabapi le go tsewa ga basetsana. Jonathan o ne a bolelela pampiri ya The Washington Post gore tidimalo ya gagwe ke keletso ya gore a seka a baya maiteko a tsa tshireletso a go falotsa basetsana, mo diphatseng.&lt;ref&gt;Mnthali, Luso (1 July 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/01/nigerian-government-pr-deal-chibok &quot;Nigeria signs $1.2m PR deal to improve image after Boko Haram kidnaps&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000452/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/01/nigerian-government-pr-deal-chibok Archived] from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jonathan, Goodluck (26 June 2014). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/goodluck-jonathan-nothing-is-more-important-than-bringing-home-nigerias-missing-girls/2014/06/26/7739275e-fd4b-11e3-b1f4-8e77c632c07b_story.html &quot;Goodluck Jonathan: Nothing is more important than bringing home Nigeria's missing girls&quot;]. [[:en:The_Washington_Post|''The Washington Post''.]] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286 0190-8286]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201002010527/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/goodluck-jonathan-nothing-is-more-important-than-bringing-home-nigerias-missing-girls/2014/06/26/7739275e-fd4b-11e3-b1f4-8e77c632c07b_story.html Archived] from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e rogwa, rakgwebo o a neng a akanyediwa go bo a tsere basetsana le go thuntsha marekisetso kwa bokonee-botlhaba jwa Nigeria, o ne a tshwarwa. Metswedi ya sesole ya re o ne a a lebisitswe le molato wa go thusa setlhopha sa Islam go bolaya moeteledipele Idrissa Timta wa kwa Gwoza.&lt;ref&gt;Ola, Lanre (1 July 2014). [https://www.reuters.com/ &quot;Bomb kills 20 in Nigeria market, girls' abduction suspect held&quot;]. ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; morago ga dibeke tse pedi, Zakaria Mohammed, o e leng leloko la maemo la Boko Haram, a tshwarwa  kwa Darazo Basrika fa a tshaba sesole kwa sekgweng sa Balmo.&lt;ref&gt;Pearson, Michael (15 July 2014). [https://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/15/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-arrest/ &quot;Nigerian police say they've arrested senior Boko Haram member&quot;]. [[:en:CNN|''CNN''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210214041133/https://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/15/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-arrest Archived] from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.channelstv.com/2014/07/15/police-arrests-another-high-ranking-member-boko-haram/ Police Arrests Another High Ranking Member of Boko Haram]&quot;. ''Channels Television''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160503173944/http://www.channelstv.com/2014/07/15/police-arrests-another-high-ranking-member-boko-haram/ Archived] from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2015 ===
Stephen Davis, o e leng moruti wa Anglican, o ne a tshwaragana le babusi ba Boko Haram ba le bararo ba ba neng ba re ba ipaakanyeditse go tlogela basetsana ba kwa Chibok mme ba ya Nigeria ka Moranang ngwaga wa 2015. O ne a neelwa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego (sa basetsana ba dirisiwa botlhaswa) e le go supa fa basetsana ba santse ba tshela, a bolelelwa fa ba le lesome le boferabobedi ba lwala mo go tseneletseng, bangwe ba na le mogare wa HIV. Morago ga makgetho a le mararo, tumalano e ne ya pala fa setlhopha se sengwe se tsaya basetsana ba dumela gore ba ka dira madi ka bone, mme Davis a tswa kwa Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Lamb, Christina (20 March 2016). [https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/a-fight-for-the-soul-of-the-world-khbhmjv0h &quot;A fight for the soul of the world&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Sunday_Times|The Sunday Times]]''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20210711171024/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a-fight-for-the-soul-of-the-world-khbhmjv0h the original] on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Davis o ne a tlhalosa gore go ne go se thata go bona kwa dikamapa tsa Boko Haram tse tlhano kgotsa thataro di le teng, le gore o ka kgona go di bona mo maranyaneng a Google Earth. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Paakanyo ya sekolo e ne ya simolola ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo, ka tona wa madi wa kwa Nigeria Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala a etela Chibok go fa mafoko a le mmalwa le go thusa go pega ditena kwa sekolong seo.&lt;ref&gt;Orjinmo, Nduka (14 April 2021). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56732909 &quot;Why $30m didn't protect Nigerian pupils after Chibok&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210418080432/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56732909 Archived] from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya motsheganong, sesole sa kwa Nigeria se ne se tsere dikgaolo ka bontsi tse di neng di eteletswe pele ke Boko Haram,&lt;ref&gt;Corones, Mike (5 May 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150508011523/http://blogs.reuters.com/data-dive/2015/05/05/mapping-boko-harams-decline-in-nigeria/ &quot;Mapping Boko Haram's decline in Nigeria&quot;.] ''Reuters''. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; di akaretsa dikamapa tse di kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa kwa go belaesegang basetsana ba Chibok ba beilwe teng.&lt;ref&gt;Leithead, Alastair (14 April 2016). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36041860 &quot;Boko Haram abductions: Freed 'bride' tells of stigma ordeal&quot;]. [[:en:BBC_News|''BBC News''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160415131032/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36041860 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le ntswa basadi ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba tshwerwe ba kgonne go falodisiwa, ga gona ope wa basetsana ba Chibok o o bonweng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32574777 &quot;Boko Haram freed Nigerian women tell of captivity horror&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 4 May 2015. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20150507025337/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32574777 the original] on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Tautona Mohammadu Bukhari, o o tsereng puso ka ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa 2015, o ne a supa ka Morule gore o ikaelela go buisana le Boko Haram go tlogela basetsana ba sekolo sa Chibok go sena mabaka a a tlang pele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35203659 &quot;Nigerian president offers talks with Boko Haram over Chibok girls]&quot;. ''BBC News''. 31 December 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151231025400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35203659 Archived] from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2016 ===
Sesole sa kwa Nigeria se golotse basadi le basetsana ba le sekete ba ba neng ba tshwerwe kwa motseng wa Boboshe ke Boko Haram ka Firikgong,&lt;ref&gt;Searcey, Dionne (11 February 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/world/africa/nigeria-vexed-by-boko-harams-use-of-women-as-suicide-bombers.html?_r=0 &quot;Nigeria Vexed by Boko Haram's Use of Women as Suicide Bombers&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160216074647/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/world/africa/nigeria-vexed-by-boko-harams-use-of-women-as-suicide-bombers.html?_r=0 Archived] from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme go ne go sena basetsana ba kwa Chibok mo go bone.&lt;ref&gt;Lamb, Christina (20 March 2016). &quot;[https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/a-fight-for-the-soul-of-the-world-khbhmjv0h A fight for the soul of the world]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Sunday_Times|The Sunday Times]]''. [[:en:Chibok_schoolgirls_kidnapping|Archived]] from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Boko Haram e ne ya ntsha setshwantsho sa motshikinyego se sengwe ka kgwedi y Moranang se supa basetsana ba le lesome le botlhano ba ba neng ba bonala e le ba Chibok, ka nako eo basetsana ba le makgolo mabedi, lesome le boferabongwe ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36041635 Nigeria Chibok girls 'shown alive' in Boko Haram video]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 14 April 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160414100053/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36041635 Archived] from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setshwantsho seo se supagala se ne se tserwe ka kgwedi ya Morule ngwaga wa 2015, mme basetsaan ba ne ba sa supe ba tshwenyegile, le fa go ne go na le kgonagalo ya gore ditsuolodi di bo di ne di tlhophile basetsana mo setshwantshong seo gore batho ba akanye gore basetsana botlhe ba Chibok ba mo botsogong jo bo siameng.

Mosetsana wa kwa Chibok ebong Amina Ali Nkeki o ne a bonwa ka kgwedi ya motsheganong e le lesome le bosupa ke setlhopha sa beng gae sa babatlisis kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa, a na le losea lwa gagwe le Mohammad Hayyatu, lesole le go belaesegang e le la Boko Haram, mme a ne a supa e le monna wa gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;Busari, Stephanie (29 January 2021). &quot;[https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/29/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-escape-intl/index.html Several remaining missing Chibok schoolgirls escape from Boko Haram]&quot;. ''CNN''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210706033526/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/29/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-escape-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Boraro boo bo ne bo na le tlhaelo ya dikotla e e tseneletseng fa ba bonwa.&lt;ref&gt;Lamb, Christina (22 May 2016). &quot;[https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/parents-raise-hopes-as-chibok-escapee-says-other-girls-alive-cpw7rpv3m Parents raise hopes as Chibok escapee says other girls alive]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Sunday_Times|The Sunday Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200727005748/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/parents-raise-hopes-as-chibok-escapee-says-other-girls-alive-cpw7rpv3m Archived] from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36321249 &quot;Chibok girls: Kidnapped schoolgirl found in Nigeria&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 18 May 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160518142316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36321249 Archived] from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a isiwa kwa ntlong ya moeteledipele wa setlhopha ebong Aboku Gaji o a neng a mo lemoga. Setlhopha se ne sa letlanya mosetsana le batsadi ba gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36321249 &quot;Chibok girls: Kidnapped schoolgirl found in Nigeria&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 18 May 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160518142316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36321249 Archived] from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a kopana le tautona wa Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le boferabongwe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36328583 Chibok girls: Amina Ali Nkeki meets President Buhari]&quot;. ''BBC News''. 19 May 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201204153416/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36328583 Archived] from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Matona a puso a ne a itsese ka lone letsatsi leo fa sesole sa Nigeria le ditlhopha tsa patlisiso di bolaile maloko a Boko Haram a le masome a mararo le botlhano, ba golotse basadi le bana ba le masome a ferabongwe le bosupa, mme ba supa fa mongwe wa basadi bao e e ne e le moithuti wa kwa Chibok.&lt;ref&gt;Stein, Chris; Searcey, Dionne (19 May 2016). &quot;[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/20/world/africa/boko-haram-abducted-nigeria-schoolgirls-found-rescue-chibok.html Another Chibok Schoolgirl Kidnapped by Boko Haram Is Found, Nigeria Says]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160926143930/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/20/world/africa/boko-haram-abducted-nigeria-schoolgirls-found-rescue-chibok.html Archived] from the original on 26 September 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne go na le dipelaelo tsa gore mosetsana Serah Luka, e ne e le ene monwge wa ba ba neng ba tserwe kwa Chibok ka dikgoka.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36338989 Boko Haram abductees freed in Nigeria]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 20 May 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160522184334/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36338989 Archived] from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ele masome a mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2016, Amir Muhammad Abdullahi, o neng a supa e le wa bobedi ka maemo ebile e le mmueledi wa masole a magolwane ka bontsi, o ne a itlhophela go ineela fela fa ba ka se utlusiwe botlhoko, mme ba tla busa ba ba ba tshwereng, ba akaretsa basetsana ba kwa chibok. Le fa go ntse jalo, fa ba bua ka basetsana ba kwa Chibok, o ne a re, bongwe mo borarong ke bone fela bo setseng, ka bontsi bo swetse tumelo.&lt;ref&gt;Kelly, Jeremy (21 May 2016). &quot;[https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/boko-haram-willing-to-release-more-chibok-girls-wzmq6js3h Boko Haram willing to release more Chibok girls]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Times|The Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210309113534/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boko-haram-willing-to-release-more-chibok-girls-wzmq6js3h Archived] from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe, sesole sa Nigeria se ne sa itsese gore ba simolotse tlhaselo ya mo phefong kwa diofisi kgolo tsa Boko Haram kwa sekgweng sa Sambisa, ba supa fa ba bolaile baeteledipele ba le bantsi mme ba gobaditse moeteledipele wa setlhopha seo Abubakar Shekau.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37163949 Boko Haram crisis: Nigeria air strike 'kills commanders]'&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 23 August 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201108101229/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37163949 Archived] from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Dipego tsa morago di ne tsa supa fa tlhaselo e bolaile basetsana ba Chibok ba le lesome mme ba gobaditse ba le masome a mararo.&lt;ref&gt;Burke, Jason (20 February 2021). &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/20/smuggled-diary-tells-how-abducted-women-survived-boko-haram-camp Smuggled diary tells how abducted women survived Boko Haram camp]&quot;. [[:en:The_Observer|''The Observer''.]] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0029-7712 0029-7712]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210223235214/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/20/smuggled-diary-tells-how-abducted-women-survived-boko-haram-camp Archived] from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; bangwe ba tshotse bana, le mmueledi o a neng a rwele sethiba matlho a re go gololwe balwantwa gore basetsana ba bone kgololesego.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-37076644 Nigeria Chibok girls: Boko Haram video shows captives]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 14 August 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160815001908/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-37076644 Archived] from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Monna o o ne a re bangwe ba basetsana ba Chibokk ba bolailwe ke marumo a sesole sa Nigeria fa ba le masome mane ba nyetswe. Setshwantsho se ne sa ntshiwa ka taolo ya ga Abubakar Shekau, moeteledipele wa lengwe la ditlhophana tsa Boko Haram.&lt;ref&gt;Kelly, Jeremy (15 August 2016). &quot;[https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/kidnapped-nigerian-girls-in-video-plea-for-freedom-bqcjns87c Kidnapped Nigerian girls in video plea for freedom]&quot;. [[:en:The_Times|''The Times''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200803115419/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kidnapped-nigerian-girls-in-video-plea-for-freedom-bqcjns87c Archived] from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Basetsana ba kwa Chibok ba le masome mabedi le motso ba ne ba gololwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane ke Boko Haram morago ga dipuisano gareng ga ditlhopha le puso ya Nigeria, di tseneletswe ke lekgiotla la International Commitee of the red Cross le puso ya kwa Switzerland.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37674597 Chibok girls: Freed students reunite with families in Nigeria]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 16 October 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161017132335/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37674597 Archived] from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-37641101 Nigeria's Chibok schoolgirls freed in Boko Haram deal]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 13 October 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161013104706/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-37641101 Archived] from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Zahn, Harry (13 October 2016). &quot;[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/boko-haram-releases-21-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolgirls-197-still-missing Boko Haram releases 21 kidnapped Nigerian schoolgirls. Some 197 are still missing]&quot;. ''[[:en:PBS_News_Hour|PBS NewsHour]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200813125015/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/boko-haram-releases-21-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolgirls-197-still-missing Archived] from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Losea lo lo neng lo belegwe ke mongwe wa basetsana ebile go dumelwa le le dikgwedi di le masome mabedi ke ba bongaka le ne la gololwa.&lt;ref&gt;Busari, Stephanie; Hanna, Jason; Karimi, Faith (14 October 2016). &quot;[https://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/13/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-released/ Boko Haram releases 21 Chibok girls to Nigerian government&quot;]. [[:en:CNN|''CNN''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190429055342/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/13/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-released/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ka Phalane a le lesome le borataro, mmueledi wa ga tautona Buhari o ne a supa fa Boko Haram ene e eletsa go buisana ka go gololwa ga basetsana ba bangwe ba le masome a ferabobedi le boraro. Go ya ka ene, setlhopha se ne se supile fa basetsana ba bangwe ba ne ba le mo taolong ya setlhopha sa ga Shekau.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161019001841/https://au.news.yahoo.com/world/a/32919274/negotiations-to-release-of-83-chibok-girls/#page1 Negotiations to release of 83 Chibok girls]&quot;. ''Yahoo7''. 16 October 2016. [https://au.yahoo.com/?err=404&amp;err_url=https%3a%2f%2fau.news.yahoo.com%2fnegotiations-to-release-of-83-chibok-girls-32919274.html Archived] from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Malatsi a le mabedi morago, modulasetilo wa lekgotla la tlhabololo ya kwa Chibok, pogu Bitrus o ne a supa fa basetsaan ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba sa batle go boela gae ka ba ne ba timedtswe ditlhaloganyo kgotsa ba tshaba gore batho ba tla a ba leba jang. Mosetsana o mongwe a bidiwa Maryam Ali Maiyanga o ne a bonwa le losea lwa gagwe mme a falodisiwa ke sesole sa Nigeria ka kgwedi ya ngwanatsele e le malatsi a le matlhano. Mmueledi wa sesole Sani Usman are o bonwe kwa Pulka kwa kgaolong ya borno fa ba batla ba ba tshabileng go tswa kwa sekgweng sa Boko Haram sa Sambisa. O ne a tlhomamisiwa go bo e le mongwe wa basetsans ba Chibok ba baneng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, ke lekgotla la Bring Back Our Girls.

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2017 ===
[[Setshwantsho:Donald Trump, Ivanka Trump, and Chibok schoolgirls Joy Bishara and Lydia Pogu, June 27, 2017 (2).jpg|thumb|Tautona wa United States Donald J Trump, Ivanka Trump le basetsaab ba sekolo sa Chibok, Joy Bishara le Lydia Pogu kwa White House ka Seetebosigo a le malatsia  le masome mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2017.]]
Mongwe wa basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka, Rakiya Abubakar, o ne a begwa ka Firikgong a le malatsi a matlhano fa a bonwe ke sesole sa Nigeria a tshwere ngwana o o dikwgedi dithataro fa ba batlisisa babelaelwa ba ba tshwerweng kwa ditlhaselong tsa sesole kwa sekgweng sa Sambusa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nigerian-chibok-girl-kidnapped-by-boko-haram-found-baby-nearly-200-still-missing/ &quot;Nigerian girl kidnapped by Boko Haram, now a mother, found with baby&quot;]. ''[[:en:CBS_News|CBS News]]''. [[:en:Associated_Press|Associated Press]]. 5 January 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031130/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nigerian-chibok-girl-kidnapped-by-boko-haram-found-baby-nearly-200-still-missing/ Archived] from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tlhomamisiwa ka setlhopha sa Bring Back our Girls.&lt;ref&gt;Okakwu, Evelyn (5 January 2017). [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/219713-bring-back-girls-group-confirms-identity-rescued-chibok-girl.html &quot;Bring Back Our Girls group confirms identity of rescued Chibok girl&quot;]. [[:en:Premium_Times|''Premium Times''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170407053859/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/219713-bring-back-girls-group-confirms-identity-rescued-chibok-girl.html Archived] from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Basetsana ba sekolo ba le masome a ferabobedi le bobedi ba ne ba gololwa ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro morago ga dipuisano tse di atlegileng le puso ya Nigeria, tse di neng di akaretsa go gololwa ga baeteledipele ba boko Haram ba le batlhano.&lt;ref&gt;Busari, Stephanie; McCleary, Kelly (7 May 2017). &quot;[https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/06/africa/chibok-girls-released/index.html 82 Chibok schoolgirls released in Nigeria&quot;.] ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190418233845/https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/06/africa/chibok-girls-released/index.html Archived] from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Dipuisano di ne di tshwerwe ke mong wa lekgotla la bopelotlhomogi kwa Maiduguri. Tumalano e e ne e akaretsa go tlhagelela ga tshireletso ya batho ya puso ya Switzerland le lekgotla la Red Cross. Madi a a kana ka didikadike tse tharo a ne a duelwa a le mo dibekeng tse pedi e le go rekolola basetsana ba le lekgolo le boraro ba ba neng ba gololwa ka kgwedi ya phalane ngwaga wa 2016 le Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2017. Mmueledi wa puso ya Nigeria o ne a supa gore le fa basetsana ba le masome a ferabobedi le boraro ba ba neng ba tshwanetse go gololwa ka Motsheganong 2017, mongwe wa bone a ne a itlhophela go nna le monna wa gagwe mo boemong jwa go gololwa.

Tautona wa United States Donald trump o ne a kopana lebasetsana ba sekolo sa Chibok Joy Bishara le Lydia Pogu kwa ntlong ya tautona ya America kwa Seetebosigo a le malatsia  le masome mabedi le bosupa, ba ba neng ba ya go simolola dithuto kwa sekolong se se rutelang ditiro sa Southeastern University kwa Florida. Bishara le Pogu ba ne ba isa lokwalo kwa go Trump, ba mo kopa go dira gore lefatshe la America le sireletsege ebile le thata.

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2018 ===
Sesole sa Nigeria, se ne sa supa ka Firikgong a le malatsia mane gore se golotse Salomi Pogu, o mongwe wa basetsana ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka. Col. Onyema Nwachukwu o ne a supa gore o golotswe kwa Borno go bapa le Pulka. O ne a fitlhelwa a na le lekgarejwana le lengwe le ngwaga. ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2018, bontsi jwa basetsana ba ba golotsweng ba ne ba ithuta kwa American Univesrity of Nigeria gaufi le kwa ba neng ba tshwaretswe teng kwa Chibok. Go ne go akanyediwa gore basetsana ba le lesome le boraro ba ne ba tlhokafetse ba le lekgolo le lesome le bobedi ba sa bonwe. Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa 2018, Ali Garga o ne a re o ka golola basetsana ba ba setseng ba le masome a mane, mme ba ne ba mmogisa a bo a bolawa ke maloko a mangwe a Boko haram fa ba lemoga se aneng a se dira. ka Phukwi, sepodisi sa Nigeria se ne sa tshwara sa bo sa atlhola balwantwa ba boko Haram ba ba neng go belaesega ba na le seabe mo go tshwarweng ga basetsana, fa a le mongwe a tshwerwe a bo a lebisiwa dingwaga di le masome mabedi mo kgolegelong.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/15/nigeria-5-years-after-chibok-children-still-risk Nigeria: 5 Years After Chibok, Children Still at Risk&quot;]. ''[[:en:Human_Rights_Watch|Human Rights Watch]]''. 15 April 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190416233657/https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/15/nigeria-5-years-after-chibok-children-still-risk Archived] from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2021 ===
Palo e e sa itsagaleng ya basetsana e iphaloditse ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 2021&lt;ref&gt;Busari, Stephanie (29 January 2021). [https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/29/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-escape-intl/index.html &quot;Several remaining missing Chibok schoolgirls escape from Boko Haram&quot;]. ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210706033526/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/29/africa/nigeria-chibok-girls-escape-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ka 2021, kompone ya parkinson and  Hinshaw e ne ya gatisa buka ''(Bring Back our Girls: The Astonishing Survival and Rescue of Nigeria's Missing School Girls'') e e neng e dirisa dipuisano le basetsana, ba ba neng ba le mo Boko Haram pele, ditlhola le matona a puso. Bontsi jwa buka bo ne bo ikaegile ka lokwalo lwa ga Naomi Adamu wa dingwaga tse di masome mabedi le bone, o e leng mongwe wa basetsanA ba ba neng ba tserwe ka dikgoka mme a gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2017.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41570252 Chibok diaries: Chronicling a Boko Haram kidnapping]&quot;. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 23 October 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210221160313/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41570252 Archived] from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Adamu o ne a kaya maiphitlhelo a gagwe, a akaretsa gore ba ne ba tsenelela dithuto tsa Quran letsatsi le letsatsi ba patelediwa, ba betswa ka marago a tlhopbolo, megala le terata. Basetsana ba ba neng ba gana go nyalwa ba ne ba sa dirisiwe botlhaswa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, mme ba ne ba tshwarwa jaaka makgoba ba bo ba patelediwa go dito ditiro tse di bokete. O ne a eteletse pele setlhopha sa basetsana ba ba neng ba gana go fetogela kwa tumelong ya Islam, ba baneng ba tshosediwa gore ba tlaa bolawa ba bo ba nne ka tlala.&lt;ref&gt;Burke, Jason (20 February 2021). &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/20/smuggled-diary-tells-how-abducted-women-survived-boko-haram-camp Smuggled diary tells how abducted women survived Boko Haram camp]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Observer|The Observer]]''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0029-7712 0029-7712]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210223235214/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/20/smuggled-diary-tells-how-abducted-women-survived-boko-haram-camp Archived] from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2022 ===
Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2022, masole a Nigeria a ne a bona mosetsaan wa kwa Chibok, Mary Ngoshe le losea lwa gagwe gaufi le motse wa Ngoshe kwa kgaolo ya Borno.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/15/nigerian-troops-find-kidnapped-chibok-girl Nigerian troops find another kidnapped Chibok schoolgirl]&quot;. ''Aljazeera''. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba le bararo ba bangwe ba ne ba gololwa ka ngwaga wa 2022 Phukwi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/30/nigerias-chibok-girls-three-women-found-years-after-their-abduction/ &quot;Nigeria's Chibok girls: three women found years after their abduction&quot;]. ''Africanews''. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mosadi a bidiwa Aisha Grema, o ne a gololwa le ngwana wa gagwe ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2022.&lt;ref&gt;Daramola, Kunle (13 August 2022). [https://www.thecable.ng/army-rescues-another-chibok-schoolgirl-with-child/ &quot;Army rescues another Chibok schoolgirl — with child&quot;]. ''The Cable''. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba le bararo ba ne ba gololwa ka Lwetse ngwaga wa 2022 go tswa kwa mafelong a a farologaneng,&lt;ref&gt;Odeniyi, Solomon (9 September 2022). [https://punchng.com/troops-rescue-three-chibok-girls-arrest-terrorists-informant/ &quot;Troops rescue three Chibok girls, arrest terrorists' informant&quot;.] ''The Punch''. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; fa Yana Pogu a ne a falodisiwa le bana ba le bane mo kgweding eo go tswa kwa B ama mme Rejoice Sanki ene a falodisistwe kwa Karuwi ka Phalane ngwaga wa 2022.&lt;ref&gt;Daramola, Kunle (22 October 2022). [https://punchng.com/army-rescues-two-more-chibok-girls-in-borno/ &quot;Army rescues two more Chibok girls in Borno&quot;]. ''The Punch''. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2023 ===
Basetsana ba sekolo sa Chibok ba le babedi ba ne ba falodisiwa ka Moranang ngwaga wa 2023 ga mmogo le losea, bobedi bo ne bo nyetswe gararo fa e sale ba tsewa ka dikgoka.&lt;ref&gt;Umar, Haruna (5 May 2023). [https://apnews.com/article/boko-haram-chibok-nigeria-extremism-iswap-borno-kidnap-1dd99c17360b54afd8a9fa5ef14fab6f &quot;Kidnapped Nigerian girls freed, return to Chibok with babies&quot;]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O mongwe o o bidiwang Saratu Dauda o ne a falodisiwa kgwedi e e latelang.&lt;ref&gt;Uthman, Samad (15 May 2023). [https://www.thecable.ng/army-rescues-another-chibok-girl-married-to-boko-haram-bomb-expert/ &quot;Army rescues another Chibok girl 'married to Boko Haram bomb expert'&quot;]. ''The Cable''. Retrieved 16 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Mosadi a bidiwa Rebecca Kabu o ne a falodisiwa kwa Cameroon ka Phukwi 2023,&lt;ref&gt;Daramola, Kunle (12 August 2023). [https://www.thecable.ng/another-chibok-girl-rescued-in-cameroon-nine-years-after-abduction/ &quot;Another Chibok girl rescued in Cameroon — nine years after abduction&quot;]. ''The Cable''. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; fa mosetsana a bidiwa Mary Nkeki a falodisitswe kwa Dikwa kwa kgaolong ya Borno ka Phatwe ngwaga wa 2023.&lt;ref&gt;Uthman, Samad (21 August 2023). [https://www.thecable.ng/troops-rescue-another-chibok-schoolgirl-in-borno-nearly-a-decade-after-abduction/ &quot;Kidnapped Nigerian girls freed, return to Chibok with babies&quot;]. ''The Cable''. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditiragalo tsa ngwaga wa 2024 ===
Ka Moranang a le malatsi a mane, maloko a setšhaba sa Chibok a ne a phuthega go lebelela setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego sa ''Statues Also Breathe'' le go gakologelwa basadi ba ba santseng ba sa bonwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://apnews.com/article/nigeria-chibok-schoolgirls-kidnapping-boko-haram-feff4eebe4aedc74ce64612b01073b8e &quot;A film in Nigeria remembers the Chibok girls abducted 10 years ago, and unites heartbroken families&quot;]. ''AP News''. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 16 jUNE 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ka fa batho ba tsibogileng ka teng ==
Morago ga go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana, molaodi Kashim Shettima o ne a batla go etela Chibok, le ntswa a ne a gakololwa ka bodiphatsa jwa teng. Mokwaledimogolo wa lekgotla la United Nations Ban Ki-moon le lekgotla la UNICEF o ne a kgala go tsewa ka dikgoka,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47593 &quot;UN calls for immediate release of abducted school girls in north-eastern Nigeria&quot;] (Press release). UN News Centre. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140424083958/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47593 Archived] from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; jaaka moeteledi pele wa sesole wa pele Muhammadu Buhari.&lt;ref&gt;Aziken, Emmanuel (8 May 2014). [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/buhari-boko-haram-youre-bigots-masquerading-muslims/ &quot;Buhari to Boko Haram: You're bigots masquerading as Muslims&quot;]. ''Vanguard News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140509023342/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/buhari-boko-haram-youre-bigots-masquerading-muslims/ Archived] from the original on 9 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Khansele ya tshireletso ya united Nations le yone e ne ya kgala tlhaselo e ya bo ya tlhagisa ka dikgato tse di kgatlhanong le masole a Boko Haram go bo ba tsere basetsana ka dkgoka.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/unsc-warns-action-against-boko-haram-militants-in-nigeria/ UNSC warns action against Boko Haram Militants in Nigeria]&quot;. ''IANS''. news.biharprabha.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140512040343/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/unsc-warns-action-against-boko-haram-militants-in-nigeria/ Archived] from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tautona wa lekgotla la Muslim la baithuti la kwa Nigeria o ne a bitsa batho ba tumelo ya muslim go itima dijo le go rapela gore ba batle go tsereganya ga ga Allah ka nako e e masisi eo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140507035640/http://www.onislam.net/english/news/africa/472189-nigeria-muslims-fast-for-abducted-girls.html Nigeria Muslims Fast for Abducted Girls]&quot;. On Islam. 6 May 2014. Archived from [http://www.onislam.net/english/news/africa/472189-nigeria-muslims-fast-for-abducted-girls.html the original] on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;  Sa'ad Abubakar wa boraro, moeteledipele wa kwa Sokoto le ene o ne a kopa dithapelo a bo a gagamatsa maiteko a go falotsa baithuti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.onislam.net/lander US Muslims Slam 'Un-Islamic' Boko Haram]&quot;. On Islam. 6 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140507033506/http://www.onislam.net/english/news/americas/472177-us-muslims-slam-un-islamic-boko-haram.html Archived] from the original on 7 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e ferabongwe, molaodi Kashim Shetima wa kgaolo ya Borno o ne a kopa BaKeresete le batho ba tumelo ya Muslim go kopanela thapelo le go itima dijo malatsi a le mararo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://thenationonlineng.net/gov-shettima-declares-3-day-fasting-abducted-girls/ Gov. Shettima declares 3-day fasting for abducted girls]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Nation_(Nigeria)|The Nation]]''. Lagos. 9 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140510194708/http://thenationonlineng.net/new/gov-shettima-declares-3-day-fasting-abducted-girls/ Archived] from the original on 10 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka lone letsatsi leo batho ba tumelo ya Muslim ba kwa Cameroon ba ne ba laelwa gore ba se ka ba nyala ope wa basetsana bao fa ba ka ba neelwa gore ba ba nyale.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/cameroon-denies-harbouring-chibok-schoolgirls/ Cameroon denies harbouring Chibok schoolgirls]&quot;. ''[[:en:Vanguard_(Nigeria)|Vanguard News]]''. 9 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140509081208/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/05/cameroon-denies-harbouring-chibok-schoolgirls/ Archived] from the original on 9 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka lone letsatsi leo moeteledipele wa kwa Saudi Arabia Sheikh Abdulaziz Al al-Sheikh o ne a ikopanya le baeteledipele ba bangwe ba tumelo ya Muslim go kgala o tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana ba, a supa fa Boko Haram e ikaeletse go senya leina la Islam. O ne a supa fa tumelo ya Islam e le kgatlhanong le go saya batho ka dikgoka, le gore go nyala batho ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka ga go letlelelwe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://theworld.org/dispatch/news/thomson-reuters/140510/saudi-arabias-top-cleric-says-nigerias-boko-haram-smears-islam Saudi Arabia's top cleric says Nigeria's Boko Haram smears Islam]&quot;[[:en:GlobalPost|. ''GlobalPost''.]] Reuters. 10 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140511201606/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/thomson-reuters/140510/saudi-arabias-top-cleric-says-nigerias-boko-haram-smears-islam Archived] from the original on 11 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka letsatsi la makgolo a marataro basetsana ba kwa Chibok ba sena go tsewa ka dikgoka, setlhopha sa baitseanape ba kwa Nigeria kwa United Kingdom, ba ne ba bitsa bokopano jwa tshireletso  ka fa tlase ga ketelelopele ya ga tautona Muhammadu Buhari go tlhoma lekgotla le le faphegileng le le itebagantseng le go batala basetsana.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://allafrica.com/stories/201601270043.html Nigeria: Group Wants Special Taskforce On Boko Haram]&quot;. ''allAfrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160202091852/http://allafrica.com/stories/201601270043.html Archived] from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Go tsiboga ga lefatshe ka bophara ===
'''Dipuso'''
[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Canada (1964).svg|left|30x30px]]
'''Canada:''' Tonakgolo wa lefatshe la Canada Stephen Harper o ne amogela gore batho ba Canada ba kopane le ba mafatshe a mangwe go iteka go falotsa basetsana. Dintlha ka botlalo gore seabe sa bone le sebaka sa teng ke eng, di beilwe sephiri.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://globalnews.ca/news/1330088/canada-joins-effort-to-free-300-nigerian-schoolgirls/ Canada Joins Effort to Free 300 Nigerian Schoolgirls]&quot;. Global News. 14 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140516033947/http://globalnews.ca/news/1330088/canada-joins-effort-to-free-300-nigerian-schoolgirls/ Archived] from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|left|30x30px]]
'''China''': lefatshe la [[China]] le ne la itsise ka maikaelelo a lone a go phatlalatsa dintlha tsotlhe tsa botlhokwa tse di kapilweng ke maranyane a bone a satellite le ditirelo tsa lone tsa matlhale.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;Mark, Monica; Jones, Sam (8 May 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/08/nigerian-president-kidnapping-beginning-end-terror &quot;Nigerian president: kidnapping will mark beginning of the end of terror&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140508203901/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/08/nigerian-president-kidnapping-beginning-end-terror Archived] from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Flag of France.svg|left|30x30px]]
'''France:''' Lefatshe la France le ne la fa setlhopha sa baitseanape.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Tautona wa France Francois Hollande o ne a batla le go dira bokopano kwa Paris le lefatshe la Nigeria le mafatshe a a bapileng lelone go baakanya seemo se.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/nigerian-governor-says-he-sighted-200-abducted-girls/ &quot;Nigerian governor says he sighted 200 abducted girls&quot;]. ''IANS''. news.biharprabha.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140512230111/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/nigerian-governor-says-he-sighted-200-abducted-girls/ Archived] from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Israel.svg|left|30x30px]]
'''Israel:''' Tonakgolo wa lefatshe la Israel Benjamin Netanyahu o ne a itlama go thusa tautona wa Nigeria mo go batleng basetsana ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 2014. O ne a re &quot;lefatshe la Israel le tshositswe ke go tlola molao mo go dirilweng kgatlhanong le basetsana. Re ikaelela go thusa go batla basetsana le go lwantsha dipharagobe tse lo leng mo go tsone&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Keinon, Herb (11 May 2014). [https://www.jpost.com/international/israel-offers-to-help-nigeria-find-abducted-girls-351924 &quot;Israel offers to help Nigeria find abducted girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Jerusalem_Post|The Jerusalem Post]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140521032536/http://www.jpost.com/International/Israel-offers-to-help-Nigeria-find-abducted-girls-351924 Archived] from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go ya ka tona wa kwa Israel o o sa bolelwang leina, tonakgolo morago o ne a romela setlhopha sa bo ramatlhale kwa Nigeria. Setlhopha se se ne se na le batho ba ba nang le kitso ya go bereka le go tsewa ka dikgoka ga batho, mme o ne a re ga se masole, ba koo go fa dikgakololo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.strategypage.com/%5Chtmw%5Chtecm%5Carticles%5C20140518.aspx Electronic Weapons: A King Air Listens For The Lost Girls]&quot; [https://web.archive.org/web/20160828223643/https://www.strategypage.com/%5Chtmw%5Chtecm%5Carticles%5C20140518.aspx Archived] 28 August 2016 at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160828223643/https://www.strategypage.com/%5Chtmw%5Chtecm%5Carticles%5C20140518.aspx Wayback Machine], ''Strategypage'', 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|30x30px]] '''United Kingdom''': lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] le ne la dumalana go romela baitseanape kwa Nigeria go thusa go batla basetsana. Baitseanape ba kwa Britain ba ne ba tla tswa mo maphateng a a farologaneng a puso a akaretsa ofisi ya mafatshe, lephata la ditlhabololo le lephata la tshireletso, ba tla itebaganya le go rulaganya, go kopanya le go gakolola babusi ba mo gae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/kidnapped-schoolgirls-british-experts-nigeria-boko-haram &quot;Kidnapped schoolgirls: British experts to fly to Nigeria 'as soon as possible']&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [[:en:PA_Media|PA Media]]. 7 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171022032736/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/kidnapped-schoolgirls-british-experts-nigeria-boko-haram Archived] from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Sefofane sa Sentinel R1 sa Royal Air Force se ne sa romelwa kwa Ghana go thusa ka patlo e.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-deploys-raf-sentinel-to-help-search-for-missing-schoolgirls UK deploys RAF Sentinel to help search for missing schoolgirls]&quot;. UK Government. 18 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140811085400/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-deploys-raf-sentinel-to-help-search-for-missing-schoolgirls Archived] from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Setshwantsho:Flag of the United States.svg|30x30px]] '''United States:''' lefatshe la United States le ne la romela baitseanape kwa Nigeria go thusa ka go batala basetsana. Setlhopha sa America se ne se na le masole, le ba ba bayang molao, ba ba itebagantseng le tsa botlhale, dipatlisiso, go buisana le ditsuolodi, ba ba abelanang dipuisano le ba ba thusang batswasetlhabelo. lefatshe la US le ne le sa ikaelela go romela masole a a tshotseng dibetsa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/kidnapped-schoolgirls-british-experts-nigeria-boko-haram &quot;Kidnapped schoolgirls: British experts to fly to Nigeria 'as soon as possible'&quot;.] ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [[:en:PA_Media|PA Media.]] 7 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171022032736/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/07/kidnapped-schoolgirls-british-experts-nigeria-boko-haram Archived] from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mothusa tautona wa pele Atiku Abubakar le Dr. Babangida Aliyu modulasetilo wa lekgotla la balaodi kwa bokone, ba ne ba amogela thuso ya lefatshe la America ya sesole.&lt;ref&gt;Fabiyi, Olusola (9 May 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140510194622/http://www.punchng.com/news/atiku-backs-usa-others-intervention-on-abducted-girls/ &quot;Atiku backs US, UK intervention on abducted girls&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Punch|The Punch]]''. Archived from [https://punchng.com/news/atiku-backs-usa-others-intervention-on-abducted-girls/ the original] on 10 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Aborisade, Sunday (9 May 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140509132407/http://www.punchng.com/news/northern-govs-serap-hail-foreign-intervention/ &quot;Northern govs, SERAP hail foreign intervention&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Punch|The Punch]]''. Archived from [https://punchng.com/news/northern-govs-serap-hail-foreign-intervention/ the original] on 9 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bobedi, masole a le lesome le borataro a tswa kwa US a ne a tsena mo patlong le go falotsa basetsana.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/us-military-personnel-join-search-for-abducted-nigerian-girls/ US Military Personnel join search for Abducted Nigerian girls&quot;]. ''IANS''. news.biharprabha.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140513192625/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/us-military-personnel-join-search-for-abducted-nigerian-girls/ Archived] from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le masome mabedi le bobedi, lephata la tshireletso le ne la itsise fa le romela kolotsana ya lonaka e e sa kgweediweng ke motho, le ba tho ba ba dirisang maranyane a mo phefong ba le masome a ferabobedi kwa Chad. Lefatshe la Chad le ne le tlhophetswe go nna kwa boremelelong jwa matlhale le difofane ka ntlha ya kgonagalo ya go fitlha kwa bokone jwa Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;Pellerin, Cheryl (22 May 2014). [https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/485009/dod-sends-uav-80-airmen-to-help-nigerian-search/ &quot;DOD sends UAV, 80 Airmen to help Nigerian search&quot;]. U.S. Air Force. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140524031346/http://www.af.mil/News/ArticleDisplay/tabid/223/Article/485009/dod-sends-uav-80-airmen-to-help-nigerian-search.aspx?source=GovD Archived] from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Makgotla ===
[[Setshwantsho:Flag of Europe.svg|left|30x30px]]
Lekgotla la European Union le ne la fetisa molao ka kgwedi ya phukwi e le lesome le bosupa, le kopa go gololwa ga basetsana ka bofefo ebile go sena dipotso dipe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231103032059/http://www.africa-news.eu/immigration-news/italy/6189-european-parliament-calls-for-immediate-and-unconditional-release-of-chibok-girls.html European Parliament calls for immediate and unconditional release of Chibok girls&quot;]. ''News Africa''. 17 July 2014. Archived from [http://www.africa-news.eu/immigration-news/italy/6189-european-parliament-calls-for-immediate-and-unconditional-release-of-chibok-girls.html the original] on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go kgalwa ga dipego tsa dikgang ===
Mokwadi wa dikgang wa BBC, ebong Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani o ne a re go stewa ka dikgoka ga go amane le ka fa metswedi ya dikgang e supang tiragalo e ka teng ba re &quot;tlhaselo mo thutong ya basetsana&quot;, mme ka tshwanelo ba tshwanetse gore &quot;go thukhutha mo go sa tsamayang sentle&quot;. O ne a supa go tsiboga ga metswedi ya dikgang e le go ikaelela go dira ditlhaselo tsa Boko Haram ka go tlhasela thuto ya basetsana ga dithukuthi, metswedi e mengwe ya dikgang e ne ya tlhokomologa sepe se se neng se sa dire jaana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55572897 Viewpoint: Global media's Nigeria abductions coverage 'wrong]'&quot;. ''BBC News''. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Batswasetlhabelo ba go tsewa ka dikgoka ba ne ba supa fa maikaelelo a dithukuthi e ne e le go utsa le go senya. Ba ne ba sa itse se ba ka se dirang ka basetsana morago ga go tsaya sengwe le sengwe mo ntlong ya mabeelo, ba bo ba simolola go nganga. Go ya ka Nwaubani, metswedi ya dikgang ga ya ela se tlhoko.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Go nnile le ditlhaselo tsa pele tsa Boko Haram tse di enng di sa tsibogelwe ke metswedi ya dikgang. Sekai ke sa tlhaselo ya pele ga ya Chibok, kwa basetsana ba baithuti ba neng ba letlelelwa go iphalotsa mme ba basimane bba le masome mane ba ne ba bolawa kwa sekolong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Lekgotla la Boko Haram e nnile lone lekgotla la ditsuolodi la ntlha mo ditsong go dirisa bomme ba bantsi go apara dibomo tsa go ipolaya go na le banna. Mokwadi o mongwe Hilary Matfess, wa pego ya ngwaga wa 2017 ya go emisa borukutlhi e e neng e bega palo e, o ne a re go tsiboga ga go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana mo lefatsheng ka bophara, go ruta dithukuthi gore mebele ya makgarejwana e na le mosola e seng go dirisiwa go ipolaya fela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Letsholo le megwanto ya #BringBackOurGirls ==
[[Setshwantsho:Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg|thumb|Mohumagadi wa ga tautona wa pele wa leaftshe la United States Michelle Obama, a tsholeditse mokwalo o o kwadilweng hashtag ya #BringBackOurGirls, senepe se o ne a se anamisa mo maranyaneng a Twitter go thusa go anamisa molaetsa ka go stewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana.&lt;ref&gt;Ries, Brian (6 May 2014). &quot;[https://mashable.com/archive/nigeria-girls-bringbackourgirls Bring Back Our Girls: Why the World Is Finally Talking About Nigeria's Kidnapped Students]&quot;. [[:en:Mashable|Mashable]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140506225123/http://mashable.com/2014/05/06/nigeria-girls-bringbackourgirls/ Archived] from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Litoff, Alyssa (6 May 2014). &quot;[https://abcnews.go.com/International/bring-back-girls-rallying-cry-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolgirls/story?id=23611012 Home International 'Bring Back Our Girls' Becomes Rallying Cry for Kidnapped Nigerian Schoolgirls]&quot;. ''[[:en:ABC_News_(United_States)|ABC News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140506212034/http://abcnews.go.com/International/bring-back-girls-rallying-cry-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolgirls/story?id=23611012 Archived] from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Batsadi le ba bangwe ba ne ba ngongorega mo maranyaneng ka go nna bonya le go sa tsiboge ka fa tshwanelong ga puso. Dikgang tse di ne tsa baka go šhakgala ga batho ba mafatshefatshe kgatlhanong le Boko Haram le puso ya lefatshe la Nigeria. Ka kgwei ya Moranang e le masome a mararo le Motsheganong a rogwa, megwanto e e neng e gwetlha puso go dira go feta jaaka e dira e ne ya tshwarwa mo ditoropong tse difarologaneng tsa lefatshe la Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210621185039/https://www.voanews.com/africa/authorities-276-kidnapped-girls-still-missing-nigeria &quot;Authorities – 276 Kidnapped Girls Still Missing in Nigeria]&quot;. ''[[:en:Voice_of_America|Voice of America]]''. 2 May 2014. Archived from [https://www.voanews.com/africa/authorities-276-kidnapped-girls-still-missing-nigeria the original] on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, batsadi ba le bantsi ba ne ba tshaba go bua phatlalatsa ba tshaba gore bana ba bone ba tloga ba tsena mo diphatseng. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a mararo le bone, megwanto e ne ya tshwarwa kwa ditopong tse ditona tsa kwa bophirima di akaretsa Los Angeles le London.
[[Setshwantsho:BringBackOurGirls truck.jpg|thumb|Teraka kwa Nigeria e rotloetsa hashtag ya #BringBackOurGirls]]
Pele, tiriso ya hashtag e ne e tswa mo bathong ba ba ikemetseng ba leka go tsibosa batho ka go tsewa ka dikgoka mo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27298696 #BBCtrending: How a million people called to #BringBackOurGirls]&quot;. ''BBC News''. 6 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210419195730/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27298696 Archived] from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ibrahim M Abdullahi, mmueledi wa kwa Abuja, toropokgolo ya Nigeria, o ne a simolola #BringBackOurGirls mo pegong ya mo maranyaneng a Twitter ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2014&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; morago ga go reetsa tona wa pele wa thuto Oby Ezekwesili a bua ka go tsewa ka dikgoka mo kwa tirelong kwa Port Harcourt.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27315124 #BBCtrending: The creator of #BringBackOurGirls]&quot;. ''BBC News''. 7 May 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210309115142/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-27315124 Archived] from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; E ne ya simolola go dirisiwa ke setlhopha sa balweladitshwanelo ba kwa Nigeria ba tsibogela go nna bonya ga puso fa ba gwanta mo tseleng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Hashtag e ne ya simoloa go dirisiwa leaftshe ka bophara mo maranyaneng a Twitter  ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2014 e le mofuta wa bolweladitshwanelo jwa hashtag mme poleleo e e ne ya anama mo lefatsheng ka bophara, ya nna yone hashtag e e dirisitsweng thata mo maranyaneng a Twitter ka nako eo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Ka Motsheganong a le lesome le motso, e ne e dirisitswe didikadike di le pedi le boraro,&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;Lamb, Cristina (11 May 2014). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160404004928/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/article1409341.ece Find our girls and save their dreams]&quot;. ''[[:en:The_Times|The Times]]''. Archived from [https://www.thetimes.com/?sunday the original] on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Collins, Matt (9 May 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media &quot;#BringBackOurGirls: the power of a social media campaign&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161115034018/https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media Archived] from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ka ngwaga wa 2016 e ne e dirisitswe didikadike di le thataro le motso. &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Akhaonto ya maranyane a Twitter ya letsholo le e ne ya bulwa, ka setlhopha sa batho ba le masome a mabedi go tsena ka masome a mararo ba na le seabe mo letsholong leo. Oby Ezekwesili le Aisha Yesufu botlhe ba tlhalositswe e le basimolodi ba letsholo le.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-54577611 &quot;Aisha Yesufu: 'End Sars is a fight for the next generation of Nigerians'&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 27 October 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210107080033/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-54577611 Archived] from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Faul, Michelle (23 June 2016). [https://apnews.com/general-news-0659e702897c4aa49e3fa7240f7a61d0 &quot;Family demands news of Chibok girl who escaped Boko Haram&quot;]. [[:en:Associated_Press|''Associated Press''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210603185819/https://apnews.com/article/0659e702897c4aa49e3fa7240f7a61d0 Archived] from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Madi a a kanang ka makgolo a mararo a dikete tsa dolara ya America a ne a solofeditswe mongwe le mongwe o o ka thusang go batla kgotsa go supa kwa basetsana ba le teng ke letsholo le.&lt;ref&gt;Collins, Matt (9 May 2014). [https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media &quot;#BringBackOurGirls: the power of a social media campaign&quot;]. [[:en:The_Guardian|''The Guardian''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20161115034018/https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/09/bringbackourgirls-power-of-social-media Archived] from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Letsholo le le tsere karolo mo go rulaganyeng megwanto e le mentsi kgatlhanong le go nna bonya ga puso ya Nigeria mo go tseweng ga batho ka dikgoka. Naomi Mutah le Saratu Angus Ndirpaya, basadi ba babedi ba ba neng ba tsaya karolo mo boeteleding pele le thulaganyo ya megwanto ba ne ba tshwarwa ke sepodise sa Nigeria ka mohumagadi wa tautona ya Nigeria Patience Jonathan a ne a seka a itumela fa ba ne ba rometswe go ya tsenelela bokopano mo boemong jwa bommago basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/5/5/nigeria-arrests-abduction-protest-leaders Nigeria 'arrests protest leaders'&quot;]. ''Al Jazeera''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210123183541/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/5/5/nigeria-arrests-abduction-protest-leaders Archived] from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ndirpaya o ne a gololwa moragonyana, mme a supa fa mohumagadi wa ga tautona a ba lebisitse molato wa go bua maaka ka go tsewa ka dikgoka mo, fa ba bangwe kwa bokopanong ba ne ba re bobedi boo ke maloko a Boko Haram.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; Dikopo di le mmalwa tse di mo maranyaneng di dirilwe go kopa puso ya Nigeria go tsaya kgato kgatlhanong le go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140506204908/http://www.walkfree.org/nigerian-schoolgirls/ Nigerian schoolgirls&quot;], ''Walk Free'', archived from [https://www.walkfree.org/nigerian-schoolgirls/ the original] on 6 May 2014&lt;/ref&gt; Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le masome mararo, batho ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba gwanta kwa palamenteng go gwetlha puso le sesole go tsaya kgato.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/30/hundreds-march-nigeria-chibok-schoolgirl-kidnappings-boko-haram &quot;Hundreds march: Nigeria Chibok schoolgirl kidnappings by Boko haram&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [[:en:Agence_France-Presse|Agence France-Presse]]. 30 April 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160723171725/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/30/hundreds-march-nigeria-chibok-schoolgirl-kidnappings-boko-haram Archived] from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Megwanto le ditebelelo di ne di tshwerwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara go tshwaya malatsia le lekgolo fa e sale basetsana ba tsewa ka dikgoka. Mafatshe a a tsereng karolo a akaretsa a Nigeria, pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Togo, United Kingdom, United States, Canada le Portugal.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.aworldatschool.org/news/entry/100-days-blog-chibok-girls-vigils-around-world 100 days blog: #BringBackOurGirls vigils held around the world]&quot;. A World At School. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140724105951/http://www.aworldatschool.org/news/entry/100-days-blog-chibok-girls-vigils-around-world Archived] from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Dipopelelo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi di ne di tshwarwa ke lekgotla la Bring Back Our Girls kwa Abuja go fitlhelela Firikgog a le malatsi a matlhano ka ngwaga wa 2015, le ntswa sepoddi se ne se leka go emisa megwanto e. Go tshwaya sebaka sa ngwaga fa e sale Boko Haram e tsaya basetsana ka dikgoka, bagwanti ba le lekgolo ka Moranang a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa 2015, ba ipeile ditheipi tse di khibidu mo molomong ba ne ba tsamaya ba didimetse kwa toropokgolo Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/200-school-girls-still-untraceable-after-1-year-of-kidnapping-by-boko-haram/ &quot;200 School Girls still untraceable after 1 Year of Kidnapping by Boko Haram&quot;]. news.biharprabha.com. 14 April 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150712065239/http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/200-school-girls-still-untraceable-after-1-year-of-kidnapping-by-boko-haram/ Archived] from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ba makgotla a tshireletso ba itsege ka gore ba ne ba tshwara ba ba neng ba gwantaa ba phatlalatsa morafe ka mapodisi a tshwere dibetsa.&lt;ref&gt;Okello Kelo Sam (5 January 2015). [https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-sam-bring-back-our-girls-20150108-story.html#navtype=outfit &quot;Abducted Nigerian girls still missing, a distracted world must remember&quot;]. [[:en:Los_Angeles_Times|''Los Angeles Times''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150108013107/http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-sam-bring-back-our-girls-20150108-story.html#navtype=outfit Archived] from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hassan, Tina A; Ogbu Amarachi Hannah (17 May 2014). [https://allafrica.com/stories/201405191617.html &quot;Nigeria: Unity Fountain – Abuja Landmark Turns Protest Venue&quot;.] ''[[:en:Media_Trust|Daily Trust]] – AllAfrica''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150108215206/http://allafrica.com/stories/201405191617.html Archived] from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Bring Back Our Girls in Spain.jpg|thumb|Letsholo la maranyane le ne la baka go gwanat mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso le akaretsa le la kwa Spain]]
Letsholo le le ne la kgatlha kemo nokeng ya ba ba itsegeng mo setšhabeng ba le mmalwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;Curry, Colleen (5 May 2014). [https://abcnews.go.com/International/twitter-campaign-bringbackourgirls-takes-off-support-kidnapped-nigerian/story?id=23594333 &quot;Twitter Campaign #BringBackOurGirls Takes Off&quot;]. ''ABC News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210411112405/https://abcnews.go.com/International/twitter-campaign-bringbackourgirls-takes-off-support-kidnapped-nigerian/story?id=23594333 Archived] from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ba tsaya karolo ba tlhwatlhwa ba akaretsa Malala Yousafzai,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Hillary Clinton,&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; Chris Brown,&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; Forest Whitaker&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; le mohumagadi Michelle Obama, o a neng a tsewa senepe a tsholeditse pampiri e e kwadilweng hastag a letsholo leo, go ema nokeng letsholo ebile a fa lefoko morago ga malatsi a le mmalwa. Beyoncè o ne a na le bontlha mo maranyaneng a gagwe bo bo neng bo tshwaetswe letsholo le.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.beyonce.com/bringbackourgirls #BringBackOurGirls]&quot;. ''Beyonce''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170324173703/http://www.beyonce.com/bringbackourgirls/ Archived] from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Letsholo le le ne la kgalwa ke bangwe ba America ba akaretsa mokwadi wa motswedi wa dikgang wa Fox George Will, o o supileng gore maikaelelo a lone ga se go nna le seabe sepe mo lefatsheng , modulasetilo wa komiti ya matlhale Mike Rogers are ntlo ya botautona ya kwa America ga e ka ke ya baya molao wa yone mo go se se anameng le maranyane a Twitter.&lt;ref&gt;Richinick, Michele (12 May 2014). &quot;[https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/conservatives-mock-bringbackourgirls-msna326596 Conservatives mock 'Bring Back Our Girls' hashtag]&quot;. ''[[:en:MSNBC|MSNBC]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201204090440/https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/conservatives-mock-bringbackourgirls-msna326596 Archived] from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, hastag e go bolelwa fa e nnile le seabe mo polotiking ya kwa Nigeria, ka Oby Ezekwesili, molweladitshwanelo wa #BringBackOurGirls, a emela botautona ka ditlhopho tsa lefatshe la Nigeria tsa ngwaga wa 2015.&lt;ref&gt;Olukoya, Sam (10 October 2018). [https://apnews.com/general-news-9ce6a56753db4309b9a5d52384f74e2a &quot;#BringBackOurGirls activist runs for Nigeria's presidency&quot;]. ''Associated Press''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210420170622/https://apnews.com/article/9ce6a56753db4309b9a5d52384f74e2a Archived] from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tautona Goodluck Jonathan o ne a kgalelwa go dirisa hashtag ya #bringbackgoodluck2015, e e leng go tlaopa #BringBackOurGirls, ka nako ya fa a bolotsa letsholo la go tlhophiwa gape ka 2015.&lt;ref&gt;Shearlaw, Maeve (14 April 2015). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/14/nigeria-bringbackourgirls-campaign-one-year-on &quot;Did the #bringbackourgirls campaign make a difference in Nigeria?&quot;.] ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201108124227/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/14/nigeria-bringbackourgirls-campaign-one-year-on Archived] from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tharoor, Ishaan (8 September 2014). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/08/this-may-be-the-most-inappropriate-political-hashtag-of-the-year/ &quot;This may be the most inappropriate political hashtag of the year&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Washington_Post|The Washington Post]]''. ISSN 0190-8286[https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084025/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/05/18/what-happened-after-interest-faded-in-the-bringbackourgirls-campaign/ . Archived] from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tautona o mosha Muhammadu Buhari o a neng a fenya Goodluck Jonathan morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2015 morago ga go solofetsa go lwantsha Boko Haram, a re ba ka sa re ba fentse Boko Haram fa ba sa falotsa basetsana ba kwa Chibok. Dibeke tse pedi morago ga tautona Buhari a ikanisiwa, ene le mosadi wa gagwe Aisha Muhamadu Buhari le mosadi wa mothusa tautona Mrs. Dolapo Osinbajo ba ne ba kopana le batsadi ba basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka.

Abubakar Shekau o ne a tlaopa maiteko a letsholo mo setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego se se ntshitsweng ke Boko Haram. Letsholo le le supiwa fa le na le seabe mo go fetoleng methale ga Boko Haram, a bo la amanngwa le go oketsega ga kgokgontsho ya bong mo setlhopheng, gore ba oketse go lemogiwa ga bone. Pego e e ntshitsweng ke lekgotla la Human Rights Watch ka Phalane 2014 ka kgokgontsho ya Boko Haram mo basading le basetsana ba Nigeria e supa fa bomotlhofo jo Boko Haram e tsereng basetsana ba Chibok ka bone, go ba thatafaditse go tsaya batho ka dikgoka mo mafelong a mangwe. Go begilwe fa go nna thata mo dikgannyeng ga basetsana ba Chibok go dirile gore go nne thata go ba golola.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;

== Go tsaya batho ka dikgoka ga morago ==
Fa gare ga dingwaga tsa 2014 go tsena ka 2024, bana ba sekolo ba feta sekete le makgolo a mane ba tserwe kwa dikolong tsa kwa Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/after-weeks-in-captivity-some-of-nearly-300-abducted-nigerian-schoolchildren-are-freed &quot;After weeks in captivity some of nearly 300 abducted Nigerian schoolchildren are freed&quot;.] ''PBS''. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2015 ===
Ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 2015, dikgwedinyana fela morago ga go tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana ba Chibok ka 2014, kwa motseng wa Malari kwa kgaolong ya Borno, basimane le makawana a le masome a mane ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka ke Boko Haram.&lt;ref&gt;Abubakar, Aminu; Botelho, Greg (4 January 2015). [https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/03/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-kidnapping/index.html &quot;Villagers: Boko Haram abducts 40 boys, young men in northeastern Nigeria&quot;]. ''CNN''. No. 4 January 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150104032434/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/03/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-kidnapping/index.html Archived] from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018 ===
Ka Tlhakole, ngwaga wa 2015, dingwaga di le nne morago ga tsewa ka dikgoka ga basetsana ba kwa Chibok, kwa toropong e e gautshwane ya Dapchi, basetsana ba bangwe ba le lekgolo le lesome ba ne ba stewa ke Boko Harama ka dikgoka, puso e sa tsenye letsogo ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250621043748/https://time.com/5175464/boko-haram-kidnap-dapchi-schoolgirls/ Boko Haram Has Kidnapped Dozens of Schoolgirls, Again. Here's What to Know Time]. By Tara John. 26 February 2018. Downloaded 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pego ya lekgotla la UNICEF  e e ntsitsweng ka Moranang ngwaga wa 2018, e ene e supa fa sekete sa bana ba tserwe ke Boko Haram fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2013.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.unicef.org/wca/press-releases/more-1000-children-northeastern-nigeria-abducted-boko-haram-2013 &quot;More than 1,000 children in northeastern Nigeria abducted by Boko Haram since 2013&quot;.] ''[[:en:UNICEF|UNICEF]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180421173230/https://www.unicef.org/wca/press-releases/more-1000-children-northeastern-nigeria-abducted-boko-haram-2013 Archived] from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2020 ===
Ka kgwedi ya Morule ngwaga wa 2020, basimane ba feta makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka ke setlhopha sa banna ba ithibile matlho kwa sekolong se segolwane kwa Kankara, toropo e e kwa bokone bophirima jwa Katsina kwa Nigeria. Morago, Boko Haram e ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a go tsewa ka dikgoka moo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/13/parents-pray-for-hundreds-of-students-kidnapped-in-nigeria Over 300 schoolboys still missing after Nigeria school attack&quot;]. [[:en:Al_Jazeera_English|''Al Jazeera''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201219061042/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/13/parents-pray-for-hundreds-of-students-kidnapped-in-nigeria Archived] from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Malatsi a  supa morago ga tiragalo eo, basimane ba le makgolo a mararo, masome a mane le bone ba setlhopha seo ba ne ba gololwa ka ntlha ya dipuisano tse di atlegileng tsa puso ya Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;Akinwotu, Emmanuel (17 December 2020). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/17/group-of-300-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolboys-handed-to-government &quot;Group of 344 kidnapped Nigerian schoolboys handed to government&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210712043105/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/17/group-of-300-kidnapped-nigerian-schoolboys-handed-to-government Archived] from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2021 ===
Ka Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2021, go tsewa ka dikgoka ga batho ba le bantsi go diragetse ga raro kwa dikolong tsa kwa Nigeria. Mo tiragalong ya ntlha, banna ba tshotse ditlhobolo ba ne ba tsaya batho ba ka nna masome a mane, ba akaretsa bana ba sekolo ba le masome a mabedi le bosupa, go tswa kwa sekolong se se kwa bokone legare la Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;Maclean, Ruth; Alfa, Ismail (17 February 2021). [https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/17/world/africa/nigeria-school-attack.html &quot;Gunmen in Nigeria Attack School, Abducting Dozens and Killing a Student&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210226190252/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/17/world/africa/nigeria-school-attack.html Archived] from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;Paquette, Danielle; Garba, Ibrahim (26 February 2021). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigeria-girls-kidnapped/2021/02/26/14fd3c1a-780a-11eb-9489-8f7dacd51e75_story.html &quot;Nigeria confronts second mass kidnapping of schoolchildren in nine days after 317 girls vanish&quot;]. ''The Washington Post''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210301023131/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigeria-girls-kidnapped/2021/02/26/14fd3c1a-780a-11eb-9489-8f7dacd51e75_story.html Archived] from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Mo tiragalong ya bobedi, ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le botlhano, banna ba tshwere ditlhobolo ba nhe ba tsaya basetsana ba le makgolo a mararo lesome le bosupa go stwa kwa sekolong sa basetsana sa maranyane  kwa Jangebe kwa kgaolong ya Zamfara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2021, go ne ga nna le tiragalo enngwe kwa Afaka e bana ba sekolo ba le masome a mararo le boferabongwe ba neng ba tsewa kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro kwa Afaka kwa kgaolong ya Kaduna.&lt;ref&gt;Olukoya, Sam (12 March 2021). [https://apnews.com/article/world-news-forestry-nigeria-shootings-1ce1206015d976eb6d14a1bfa5c642a9 &quot;Gunmen abduct 39 students from school in northwest Nigeria&quot;.] ''Associated Press''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210312155315/https://apnews.com/article/world-news-forestry-nigeria-shootings-1ce1206015d976eb6d14a1bfa5c642a9 Archived] from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Busari, Stephanie; Princewill, Nimi; Abrak, Isaac (14 March 2021). [https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/14/africa/kidnapped-kaduna-nigeria-students-video-intl/index.html &quot;New video emerges of abducted college students in Nigeria&quot;]. ''CNN''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210711235321/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/14/africa/kidnapped-kaduna-nigeria-students-video-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 ===
Ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa, mmereki a le mongwe le baithuti ba le makgolo a mabedi, masome a ferabobedi le bosupa ba ne ba tsewa ka dikgoka kwa sekolong sa Kuriga kwa bokone bophirima jwa Kaduna; bana ba le lekgolo masome a mararo le bosupa ba ne ba gololwa dibeke tse pedi tse di latelang, mme mmereki ene o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako eo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/in-nigeria-parents-finally-able-to-see-children-who-were-abducted-from-school-in-early-march &quot;In Nigeria parents finally able to see children who were abducted from school in early March&quot;]. ''PBS''. 24 March 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mo metsweding ya dikgang ==

* Buka ya mokwadi wa kwa Ireland Edna O'Brien, e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2019, e fa batho kakanyo ya gore maiphitlhelo a go tsewa ka dikgoka a ka tswa a ntse jang, le gore go iphalotsa go ne go ka nna jang, a kwala se a ipeile mo seemong sa mosetsana wa sekolo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Brien, Edna (2019). ''Girl'' (1st ed.). London: Faber &amp; Faber. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-571-34118-4|978-0-571-34118-]]4&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Prune Nourry, a berekisana le baithti ba le lekgolo le boferabobedi ba sekolo sa itutelo ditiro sa Obafemi Awolowo le malwapa a basetsana ba ba tserweng ka dikgoka, o ne a dira dfikantswe tsa ditlhogo tsa basetsana ba le lekgolo le boferabobedi ba ba sa bonweng.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.africanews.com/2022/12/29/nigerian-girls-abducted-by-boko-haram-honored-in-exhibition/ Nigerian girls abducted by Boko Haram honored in exhibition]&quot;. ''AfricaNews''. 29 December 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tse di tsamaelang ==

* [[Bolweladitshwanelo jwa hashtag|Bolweladitshwanelo jwa Hashtag]]

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      <text bytes="27345" sha1="r0rwiob5pphldj6d9v1ultlf8nzn1vz" xml:space="preserve">Bokgoba jwa segompieno, nako tse dingwe bo itsege jaaka bokgoba jwa sešha kgotsa motlha wa sešha wa bokgoba, ke bokgoba jwa metheo bo bo tsweletseng ka go nna teng mo lekgolong la masome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga. Dikakanyetso tsa palo ya batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba di tswa kwa didkadikeng tse di masome a mararo le borobabobedi&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100209072059/http://www.ilo.org/global/Themes/Forced_Labour/lang--en/index.htm Forced labour – Themes]&quot;. Ilo.org. Archived from [https://www.ilo.org/global/Themes/Forced_Labour/lang--en/index.htm the original] on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; go tsena ka didikadike tse di masome a mane le borobabongwe&lt;ref&gt;Kelly, Annie (1 June 2016). [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/01/46-million-people-living-as-slaves-latest-global-index-reveals-russell-crowe &quot;46 million people living as slaves, latest global index reveals&quot;]. [[:en:The_Guardian|''The Guardian''.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180712025032/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/jun/01/46-million-people-living-as-slaves-latest-global-index-reveals-russell-crowe Archived] from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/ What is modern slavery?]&quot;. ''[[:en:Anti-Slavery_International|Anti-Slavery International]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190430142552/https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://hopeforjustice.org/modern-slavery/ What is Modern Slavery? | Hope for Justice]&quot;. ''hopeforjustice.org''. 23 December 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230504153017/https://hopeforjustice.org/modern-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;, go ya ka mofuta o o dirisitsweng go dira kakanyetso le mofuta wa bokgoba o o dirisiwang.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.minderoo.org/404/ Walk Free]&quot;. ''The Minderoo Foundation''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190428150909/https://www.minderoo.com.au/walk-free/ Archived] from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Palo kakanyetso ya batho ba ba dirilweng makgoba e a ganeidwa, ka go sena mafoko a a tlhamaletseng a a rayang bokgoba jwa gompieno;&lt;ref&gt;Paz-Fuchs, Amir. &quot;[https://www.modernlawreview.co.uk/september-2016/badges-of-modern-slavery/ Badges of Modern Slavery]&quot;. ''The Modern Law Review''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200719114929/https://www.modernlawreview.co.uk/september-2016/badges-of-modern-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ba ba mo bokgobeng go dingalo go ba lemoga, dipalo tsa boammaruri gantsi ga di o.

Lekgotla la tsa pereko la mafatshefatshe&lt;ref&gt;International Labour Organization (19 September 2017). [https://www.ilo.org/publications/global-estimates-modern-slavery-forced-labour-and-forced-marriage &quot;Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage]&quot;. ''International Labour Organization''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191220204125/http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_575479/lang--en/index.htm Archived] from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;, le akanyetsa gore go ya ka mafoko a a ba a dirisang, batho ba feta didikadike di le masome a mane ba mo bokgobeng jwa mofuta mongwe gompieno. Batho bangwe ba le didikadike tse di masome a mabedi le bone ba patelediwa go bereka, ba le didikadike di le lesome le borataro ba a tsuulolwa mo mohameng o o ikemetseng jaaka wa tiro ya mo gae, kago kana temothuo&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.ilo.org/topics-and-sectors/forced-labour-modern-slavery-and-trafficking-persons &quot;Forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking (Forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking)&quot;]. ''www.ilo.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422021606/http://www2.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/lang--en/index.htm Archived] from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;, didikadike di le nne ba tsuulolwa mo go tsa tlhakanelo dikobo, didikadike di le nne tsa batho ba mo perekong e e patelediwang ke baeteledipele ba mafatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Palo e nngwe ya didikadike di le lesome le botlhano ba mo manyalong a a pateleditsweng.

== Tlhaloso ==
[[Setshwantsho:Maps Global Slavery Index 2024.svg|thumb|Go anama ga bokgoba jwa sešha, ka mafatshe, go ya ka Global Slavery Index]]
Ofisi e e elang tlhoko e bo e emisa thekiso ya batho e e leng lephatana la lephata la mafatshe la United States, la re &quot;bokgoba jwa sešha&quot;, &quot;thekiso mo bathong&quot;, le &quot;thekiso ya batho&quot; di dirisitswe e le mafoko a a rayang go thapa, go baya batho mo lefelong, go tsamaisa batho, go tsaya motho o mmerekisa kgotsa go gwebisa motho ka mmele o dirisa dikgoka, tsietso kgotsa go mo pateletsa&quot;. Ntle le tse, mafoko a mangwe a dirisiwa kwa pusong ya United States, molao wa 2000 wa batswasetlhabelo ba thekiso ya batho le tshireletso ya kgokgontsho, le molao wa go thibela, go fokotsa le go otlhaya thekiso mo bathong, bogolo jang bana le basadi, go akaretsa go bereka o patelediwa, bokgoba kgotsa ditiro tse di tshwanang le bokgoba, go patelediwa go adima madi le tiro e e pateleditsweng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/what &quot;What is Modern Slavery?]&quot;. ''Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons''. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_State|United States Department of State]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220418023959/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/what/index.htm Archived] from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ya ka motlhatlhelelladithuto wa kwa America Kevin Bales, mosimolodi le tautona wa pele wa lekgotla le eseng la puso le setlhopha se se buelelang makgoba sa &quot;gololang makgoba&quot; (Free the slaves), are ke bokgoba jwa sešha bo bo diragalang fa motho a le mo taolong ya motho o mongwe o o dirisang dikgoka le kgokgontsho go nna a le mo taolong, mme maikaelelo a taolo eo e le go tsuulola.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Maral Noshad Sharifi (8 June 2016). [https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2016/06/08/er-zijn-458-miljoen-moderne-slaven-1625640-a1507929 &quot;Er zijn 45,8 miljoen moderne slaven&quot;] [There are 45.8 million modern slaves]. ''[[:en:NRC_(newspaper)|NRC Handelsblad]]'' (in Dutch). [https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014406/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2016/06/08/er-zijn-458-miljoen-moderne-slaven-1625640-a1507929 Archived] from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlamorago tsa bokgoba di oketsega fa di itebagantse le ditlhopha tse di bokoa jaaka bana. Go ya ka tlhaloso e, patlisiso ya kwa lekgotleng la Walk Free e e ikaegileng ka dipalo tsa bokgoba tsa 2018 e ne e akanyetsa fa go na le makgoba a ka nna didikadike di le masome a mane mo lefatsheng ka bophara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Fudge, Judy (Fall 2018). &quot;Slavery and Unfree Labour: The Politics of Naming, Framing, and Blaming&quot;. ''Labour''.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo kakanyetsong e nngwe, e e supang fa palo e ka nna didikadike di le lesome le boraro, e akanyetsa fa didikadike di le lesome le bobedi tsa makgoba a a sešha e le bana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Bales o ne a tlhagisa gore ka bokgoba bo emisitswe gongwe le gongwe, tiragalo e e tlola molao, ebile e fitlhelwa batho le baeteledipele. Se se dira gore go nne dingalo go bona dipalo tse di rurifaditsweng mo metsweding ya nnete. Se se ka dirwang ke go akanyetsa go ya ka metswedi ya bobedi, jaaka ditlhotlhomiso tsa UN, ditsebe tsa metswedi ya dikgang, dipego tsa puso, le dipalo go tswa mo makgotleng a a ikemetseng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Bokgoba jwa sešha bo tsweletse ka ntlha ya mabaka a a tshwanang le a pele: ke tiragalo e e nang le dipoelo mo beng ba makgoba, le ntswa go na le matshwenyego a boitsholo. Bothata bo bo kgonne go golela pele mo dingwageng tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya go latlhiwa ga makgoba le gore tlhwatlhwa ya makgoba e wetse tlase thata.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191024084041/http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/07/cost-of-slaves-falls-to-historic-low/ Cost of slaves falls to historic low]&quot;. ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]] Freedom Project''. CNN. 7 March 2011. Archived from [http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/07/cost-of-slaves-falls-to-historic-low/ the original] on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Se se bakang ==
Fa e sale bokgoba bo ilediwa, go dira batho makgoba ga go sa tlhole go ikaegile ka go rua motho semmuso, mme ka go laola e se ka fa molaong. Diphetogo tse pedi ke go tswa mo go rekeng makgoba a pereko le go nna teng ga makgoba mo phirong, Fa palo e supa fa marekisetso a go tlontlolola motho mo perekong a phophoma, kgang ya gore batho ba rekisiwa ebile ba rekiwa golo go le gongwe, e siilwe ke nako. Fa ditheko tseo di santse di le teng, mo sešheng batho ba iphitlhela ba le mo diemong tse di tshwanang le tsa bokgoba ka ditsela tse di farologaneng.&lt;ref&gt;Nolan, Justine; Boersma, Martijn (September 2019). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3humDwAAQBAJ&amp;redir_esc=y Addressing Modern Slaver]y (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2019)''. University of New South Wales Press. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781742244631|9781742244631]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028025858/https://books.google.com/books?id=3humDwAAQBAJ Archived] from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

Bokgoba jwa sešha bo bonwa e le ntlha e nngwe ya lehuma. Mo mafatsheng a a senang thuto le molao, popego ya setšhaba e e bokoa e ka dira tikologo e e rotloetsang kamogelo le kanamo ya bokgoba. Bokgoba bo bontsi mo mafatsheng a a sotlegang le a a nang le palo potlana ya merafe e e bokoa, le ntswa bo le teng le mo mafatsheng a a a tlhabologileng. Dikete di le masome tsa batho ba bereka mo diemong tse di tshwanang le tsa bokgoba mo mehameng ya meepo, temothuo le madirelo, ba dira dithoto gore di dirisiwe mo magaeng kgotsa di rekisidiwe kwa ntle kwa mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.cfr.org/modern-slavery#!/section1/item-1 Modern Slavery: Its Root Causes and the Human Toll]&quot;. ''Council on Foreign Relations''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190421211352/https://www.cfr.org/interactives/modern-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo mofuteng wa pele wa bokgoba, beng ba makgoba ba ne ba dirisa madi a mantsi mo go rekeng makgoba. Go ne go le thataa go ba latlha fela. Tlhwatlhwa ya go dira gore ba nne le botsogo jo bo siameng e ne e bonwa e le go boloka madi go na le go reka lekgoba le lenwge go emelela leo. Mo bokgobeng jwa sešha, go motlhofo go bona batho ba bangwe ka tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase, ka jalo go ba emeltsa ka ba bangwe go nna motlhofo. Makgoba a dirisiwa mo mafelong a ba ka fitlhiwang motlhofo kwa go one mme ba tsweletse ba direla mong wa bone dipoelo.

Bokgoba jwa sešha bo kgona go nna le dipoelo,&lt;ref&gt;Siddarth Kara, ''Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)&lt;/ref&gt; makgotla mangwe a letlelela se, ntswa se ilediwa ke ditumalano di tshwana le bokopano jwa tlaleletso jwa kemiso ya bokgoba le melao ya mo gae. Dipoelo tsotlhe tsa ngwaga mo thekisong ya batho di akanyeditswe ka ngwaga wa 2014 fa di feta di bilione di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano a di dolara,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://humanrightsfirst.org/resource/human-trafficking-numbers Human Trafficking Numbers]&quot;. ''Human Rights First''. 7 December 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190507064607/https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/resource/human-trafficking-numbers Archived] from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le ntswa dipoelo di le kwa tlase. Makgoba  a kwa America ka ngwaga wa 1809 a ne a rekisiwa ka selekanyo sa dikete di le masome mane a di dolara mo mading a gompieno.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://freetheslaves.net/slavery-today-2/ Slavery Today]&quot;. ''Free The Slaves''. 19 May 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180918033125/https://www.freetheslaves.net/our-model-for-freedom/slavery-today/ Archived] from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Gompieno lekgoba le kgona go rekwa ka di dolara di le masome a ferabongwe go ya kwa lekgolong.&lt;ref&gt;Batha, Emma (16 November 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-slavery-conference-lives-idUSKBN1DG2O4/ &quot;How much is a life worth, ask activists fighting slavery?&quot;]. ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422142812/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-slavery-conference-lives-idUSKBN1DG2O4 Archived] from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bales o tlhalosa gore, mo bokgobeng jwa sešha, &quot;se ke tlolo molao wa itsholelo...batho ga ba dire ba bangwe makgoba go nna setlhogo mo go bone; ba dira jalo go dira dipoelo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Bales, Kevin (March 2010). &quot;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_bales Kevin Bales | Speaker | TED]&quot;. ''www.ted.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220418023959/https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_bales Archived] from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mefuta ==

=== Bokgoba jwa lotso le jwa dithoto ===
Bokgoba jwa lotso, bo gape bo bidiwang jwa dithoto, ke mofuta o gantsi o amangwang le lefoko &quot;bokgoba&quot;. Mo bokgobeng jwa dithoto, motho o dirilweng lekgoba o bonwa e le thoto ya mongwe o sele, ebile o ka rekwa kgotsa a rekisiwa. Go tswa mo ditsong mo motho o o fentsweng a dirwa lekgoba, jaaka kwa bogosing jwa Roma le jwa Ottoman, kgotsa mo go rekiseng makoba, jaaka kwa Sahara kgotsa kwa kgwebong ya makgoba ya Atlantic.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://liluye.org/human-trafficking-is-it-a-crime/ Human Trafficking]&quot;. ''Liluye | by and for people with Great Spirit''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422142823/https://liluye.org/human-trafficking/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa e sale ka ntwa ya ngwaga wa 2014 kwa Lybia, le go tlhofofadiwa ga molao le taolo, go nnile le dipego tsa batswakwa ba ba dirilweng makgoba ba rekisiwa mo pontsheng, go akaretsa marekisetso a makgoba mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref&gt;Graham-Harrison, Emma (10 April 2017). &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/10/libya-public-slave-auctions-un-migration Migrants from west Africa being 'sold in Libyan slave markets]'&quot;. ''the Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190520144206/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/10/libya-public-slave-auctions-un-migration Archived] from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lefatshe la Mauritania le na le ditso tsa bogologolo tsa bokgoba. Bokgoba jwa dithoto bo ne jwa diriwa tlolo molao semmuso kwa lefatsheng leo mme melao e e kgatlhanong le jone, ga e dirisiwe. Go akanyediwa gore batho ba le dikete di le masome a ferabongwe (bobedi mo lekgolong la batho ba Mauritania) ke makgoba.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210422142812/https://www.voanews.com/africa/unshackled-yet-far-free-former-slaves-struggle-mauritania Unshackled Yet Far From Free, Former Slaves Struggle in Mauritania]&quot;. ''Voice of America''. [https://www.voanews.com/africa/unshackled-yet-far-free-former-slaves-struggle-mauritania Archived] from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go patelediwa go tsaya sekoloto le gone go kgona go fetisediwa kwa dikokomaneng, jaaka bokgoba jwa dithoto.

Ba ba kaletseng mo bokgobeng jwa tlhakanelo dikobo mo lefatsheng la gompieno, ba felela e nna dithoto, bogolo jang fa ba patelediwa go gweba ka mebele.

=== Tiro e e patelediwang ke puso ===
Tiro e e patelediwang ke puso, e tlhalosiwa ke lekgotla la tsa pereko la mafatshefatshe e le diemo tse batho ba patelediwang go bereka ka tiriso ya dikgoka kgotsa go tshosediwa, kgotsa go kokotletsa sekoloto, go baya dipampiri tsa tshupo ya motho kgotsa matshosetsi a go tshwarisiwa&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.ilo.org/resource/article/meanings-forced-labour The Meanings of Forced Labour]&quot;. ''International Labour Organization''. 10 March 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190328110820/http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/news/WCMS_237569/lang--en/index.htm Archived] from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;.

* Kwa Eritrea, palo kakanyetso ya dikete di le makgolo a mararo go tsena ka makgolo a mane a batho ba mo thulaganyong ya tirelo ya sesole e e lekanang le bokgoba jwa palo e ntsi ya batho, go ya ka batlhotlhomisi ba kwa UN. Pego ya bone e fitlhetse gape go na le bokgoba jwa tlhakanelo dikobo le pereko e e patelediwang.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/un-eritrea-slavery-human-rights-1.3621631 As many as 400,000 enslaved in Eritrea, UN estimates]&quot;. ''CBC News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124004004/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/un-eritrea-slavery-human-rights-1.3621631 Archived] from the original on 24 January 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kwa bokone jwa Korea, puso e pateletsa batho ba le bantsi go berekela lefatshe, mo teng le kwa ntle ga North Korea, dingwaga di le dinsti. palo ya ngwaga wa 2018 ya makgoba e akanyetsa fa didikadike tse pedi tsa batho e ne e le makgoba kwa lefatsheng leo. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/19/north-korea-has-2-6-million-modern-slaves-new-report-estimates/ North Korea has 2.6 million 'modern slaves', new report estimates]&quot;. ''Washington Post''. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/07/19/north-korea-has-2-6-million-modern-slaves-new-report-estimates/ Archived] from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tlhwatlhwa ya tiro yotlhe e e dirilweng ke batho ba North Korea ba direla puso e akanyediwa e ka nna di dolara tsaa America di le didikadike di le makgolo a ferabongwe, amsoema  asupa le botlhano, ka babereki ba bašha ba patelediwa go dira ditiro tse di kotsi tsa kago, basadi le basetsana ba patelediwa go dira diaparo kwa mabentleleng a a sa siamang. Babereki ba gantsi ga ba duelwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Borowiec, Steven (6 October 2016). [https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-north-korea-forced-labor-20161006-snap-story.html &quot;North Koreans perform $975 million worth of forced labor each year]&quot;. ''Los Angeles Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191020054319/https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-north-korea-forced-labor-20161006-snap-story.html Archived] from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa godimo ga moo, sesole sa kwa North Korea sa masole a le sedikadike, se berekisiwa mo dikagong tse di sa tsamaelaneng le go sireletsa, di akaretsa matlo a babusi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Puso e nnile le babereki ba ka nna dikete tse di lekgolo kwa mafatsheng a sele.&lt;ref&gt;Yoon, Dasl (20 December 2019). &quot;[https://www.wsj.com/articles/north-korean-workers-flock-home-as-sanctions-deadline-hits-11576837803 North Korean Workers Flock Home as Sanctions Deadline Hits&quot;.] ''Wall Street Journal''. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660 ISSN] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660 0099-9660]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191221152605/https://www.wsj.com/articles/north-korean-workers-flock-home-as-sanctions-deadline-hits-11576837803 Archived] from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kwa Uzbekistan, sekai, puso e pateletsa baithuti le babereki ba puso go roba setlhatshana sa letsela, se e leng sone boremelelo jwa thekiso ya lefatshe leo, ngwaga le ngwaga, ba ba pateletsa go tlogela ditiro tsa bone tse dingwe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190226121827/https://www.antislavery.org/take-action/campaigns/end-uzbek-cotton-crimes/ End Uzbek Cotton Crimes]&quot;. ''Anti-Slavery International''. Archived from [https://www.antislavery.org/take-action/campaigns/end-uzbek-cotton-crimes/ the original] on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo sekaing se, tiriso ya baithuti go akarediwa ba dikolo tse dipotlana, tse di fa gare, le tse dikgolwane, go raya gore pereko ya bana e kwa godimo.&lt;ref&gt;Bhat, Bilal Ahmad (1 May 2011). &quot;Socioeconomic Dimensions of Child Labor in Central Asia&quot;. ''Problems of Economic Transition''. '''54''' (1): 84–99. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2753/PET1061-1991540108 10.2753/pet1061-1991540108]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1061-1991 1061-1991]. S2CID [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1061-1991 153335200.]&lt;/ref&gt; Puso ya kwa Uzbekistan e berekile go fokotsa pereko e e pateleditsweng mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2022, go gana go reka letsela kwa Uzbekistan go nega ema, ka dipego tsa gore tiro ya pateletso e emisitswe.&lt;ref&gt;Imamova, Navbahor (11 May 2022). [https://www.voanews.com/a/uzbek-cotton-industry-greets-end-of-13-year-global-boycott-/6568054.html &quot;Uzbek Cotton Industry Greets End of 13-Year Global Boycott&quot;.] VOA News. [https://www.voanews.com/a/uzbek-cotton-industry-greets-end-of-13-year-global-boycott-/6568054.html Archived] from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Putz, Catherine (10 March 2022). [https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/uzbek-cotton-free-systemic-child-labour-and-forced-labour &quot;The Boycott of Uzbek Cotton is Over&quot;]. The Diplomat. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207083928/http://ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_838396/lang--en/index.htm Archived] from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/uzbek-cotton-free-systemic-child-labour-and-forced-labour Uzbek cotton is free from systemic child labour and forced labour]&quot;. ''International Labor Organization''. March 2022. [https://www.ilo.org/resource/news/uzbek-cotton-free-systemic-child-labour-and-forced-labour Archived] from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pereko ya kwa kgolegelong ===
Ka ngwaga wa 1865, lefatshe la United States le ne la amogela molao paakanyo wa bo lesome le boraro kwa molao motheong wa United States, o o neng o fedisa bokgoba le botlhanka, ntle le fa e le kotlhao ya molato o motho a tla bong a o lebisitswe,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://guides.loc.gov/sb.php?subject_id=162830 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs &amp; Services, Library of Congress)&quot;]. ''www.loc.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111010110013/http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/13thamendment.html Archived] from the original on 10 October 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; se se siame mo molaong, mo jaanong go bidiwang pereko ya kotlhao, go tswelela mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.economist.com/united-states/2017/03/16/prison-labour-is-a-billion-dollar-industry-with-uncertain-returns-for-inmates Prison labour is a billion-dollar industry, with uncertain returns for inmates&quot;]. ''The Economist''. 16 March 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180913035051/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2017/03/16/prison-labour-is-a-billion-dollar-industry-with-uncertain-returns-for-inmates Archived] from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt;  Mo ditsong, se ne sa baka mokgwa wa go adima tiro mo go santseng go ama batho ba lotso lwa African - American. 

Kwa Texas, Georgia, Alabama le Arkansas, magolegwa ga a duelelwe ditiro tsa bone gotlhelele.&lt;ref&gt;Walker, Jason (6 September 2016). [https://truthout.org/articles/unpaid-labor-in-texas-prisons-is-modern-day-slavery/ &quot;Unpaid Labor in Texas Prisons Is Modern-Day Slavery]&quot;. ''Truthout''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180814113951/https://truthout.org/articles/unpaid-labor-in-texas-prisons-is-modern-day-slavery/ Archived] from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa dikgaolong tse dingwe, magolegwa a duelwa 0.12 le 1.15 dolara ka oura ka ngwaga wa 2013.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://isps.yale.edu/news/blog/2013/10/time-to-reckon-with-prison-labor-0#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Federal%20Bureau,for%20private%20companies%20as%20well. Time to Reckon with Prison Labor | Institution for Social and Policy Studies&quot;]. ''isps.yale.edu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210613205823/https://isps.yale.edu/news/blog/2013/10/time-to-reckon-with-prison-labor-0#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Federal%20Bureau,for%20private%20companies%20as%20well. Archived] from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mohama wa dikgolegelo o ne o duela magolegwa 0.90 ka oura ka ngwaga wa 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Magolegwa ba ba ganang go bereka ba ka bewa ba le nosi,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.truthdig.com/articles/americas-slave-empire-2/ America's Slave Empire]&quot;. ''Truthdig: Expert Reporting, Current News, Provocative Columnists''. 22 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210309094503/https://www.truthdig.com/articles/americas-slave-empire-2/ Archived] from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; kgotsa a idiwa go etelwa ke ba lolwapa.&lt;ref&gt;Benns, Whitney (21 September 2015). [https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/prison-labor-in-america/406177/ &quot;American Slavery, Reinvented]&quot;. ''The Atlantic''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171027011230/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/prison-labor-in-america/406177/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2010 go tsena ka 2015&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Chris_Hedges|Hedges, Chris]] (22 June 2015). &quot;[https://www.truthdig.com/articles/americas-slave-empire-2/ America's Slave Empire]&quot;. ''[[:en:Truthdig|Truthdig]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112534/https://www.truthdig.com/articles/americas-slave-empire-2/ Archived] from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025&lt;/ref&gt; le ka 2016 &lt;ref&gt;Speri, Alice (16 September 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250624201007/https://theintercept.com/2016/09/16/the-largest-prison-strike-in-u-s-history-enters-its-second-week/ &quot;The Largest Prison Strike in U.S. History Enters Its Second Week&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Intercept|The Intercept]]''.  from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;gape le ka 2018&lt;ref&gt;Lopez, German (22 August 2018). [https://www.vox.com/2018/8/17/17664048/national-prison-strike-2018 &quot;America's prisoners are going on strike in at least 17 states&quot;]. ''Vox''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201217033720/https://www.vox.com/2018/8/17/17664048/national-prison-strike-2018 Archived] from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;, magolegwa mangwe kwa United States ba ne ba gana go bereka, ba lwela dituelo tse di botoka, tikologo e e botroka le go emisiwa ga pereko e e patelediwang. Ba ba neng ba goga mogwanto ba ne ba otlhaiwa ka go bewa ba le nosi sebaka se ba tla se nnang kwa kgolegelong.&lt;ref&gt;Pilkington, Ed (21 August 2018). &quot;[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/20/prison-labor-protest-america-jailhouse-lawyers-speak US inmates stage nationwide prison labor strike over 'modern slavery]'&quot;. ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180912223642/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/20/prison-labor-protest-america-jailhouse-lawyers-speak Archived] from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Fryer, Brooke (5 September 2018). &quot;[https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/us-inmates-sent-to-solitary-confinement-over-prison-slavery-strike/9acl0f8rh US inmates sent to solitary confinement over 'prison slavery' strike]&quot;. ''NITV News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180913150131/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2018/09/05/us-inmates-sent-solitary-confinement-over-prison-slavery-strike Archived] from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 23 june 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Kamala Harris</title>
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      <text bytes="36858" sha1="jsx1at086iirrlvbi4dn57rxabcpjsr" xml:space="preserve">'''Kamala Devi Harris''' (/ KAH-mə-lə DAY-vee;&lt;ref&gt;Harris, Kamala [@KamalaHarris] (May 24, 2016). [https://x.com/KamalaHarris/status/735197253153914881 &quot;People pronounce my name many different ways. Let #KidsForKamala show you how it's done&quot;] ([[:en:Tweet_(social_media)|Tweet]]). Retrieved April 28, 2025 – via [[:en:Twitter|Twitter]].&lt;/ref&gt; yo o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le masome mabedi, 1964) ke lepolotiki le mmueledi wa Amerika yo o neng a dira jaaka mothusa tautona wa bo masome a mane le boferabongwe wa United States go tloga ka 2021 go ema ka 2025 ka fa tlase ga ga tautona Joe Binden. Ke mothusa tautona wa ntlha wa mosadi, wa ntlha wa Moaforika wa Amerika, le wa ntlha wa Moasia wa Amerika  wa U.S., le modiredimogolo wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa mosadi le wa Moasia wa Amerika mo ditsong tsa U.S. Harris o ne a emela California kwa senateng ya U.S. go tloga ka 2017 go ya go 2021 mme e ne e le mmueledikakaretso wa California go tloga ka 2011 go ya go 2017. E le leloko la Lekoko la Democratic, e ne e le motlhophiwa wa lekoko mo ditlhophong tsa botautona tsa 2024.

Harris o tsholetswe kwa Oakland, kwa California, mme o ne a aloga kwa Yunibesithing ya Howard le kwa Yunibesithing ya California, kwa Kholetsheng ya Molao ya Hastings. O ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya molao kwa ofising ya mmueledi wa kgaolo ya Alameda County. Harris o ne a thapiwa kwa Ofising ya Mmueledi wa Kgaolo ya San Francisco mme moragonyana a thapiwa kwa ofising ya mmueledi wa toropo ya San Francisco. O ne a tlhophiwa go nna mmueledi wa kgaolo ya San Francisco ka 2003 le mmueledi-kakaretso wa California ka 2010, mme a tlhophiwa gape go nna mmueledi-kakaretso ka 2014.

Harris e ne e le senator yo mmotlana wa U.S. go tswa kwa California go tloga ka 2017 go fitlha ka 2021 morago ga go fenya ditlhopho tsa Senate tsa 2016. E ne e le mosadi wa bobedi wa Montsho le senator wa ntlha wa Asia Borwa wa Amerika wa U.S. Jaaka senator, Harris o ne a buelela melao e e gagametseng ya taolo ya ditlhobolo, Molao wa DREAM, go dira gore cannabis e nne semolao ke puso ya bofederale, le diphetogo mo tlhokomelong ya boitekanelo le lekgetho. O ne a itsege mo lefatsheng lotlhe fa a ntse a botsa badiredi ba puso ya ntlha ya ga Trump dipotso tse di tseneletseng ka nako ya ditheetso tsa Senate, go akaretsa le motlhophiwa wa bobedi wa ga Tautona Donald Trump wa Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya U.S., Brett Kavanaugh.

Harris o ne a batla go tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa Democratic wa 2020 ka 2019, mme a ikgogela morago mo lebelong pele ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha. Biden o ne a mo tlhopha go nna molekane wa gagwe wa go taboga; thekete ya bone e fentse tautona le mothusatautona ba ba mo maemong, Trump le Mike Pence, mo ditlhophong tsa botautona tsa 2020. Fa mothusatautona wa gagwe a ne a simolola, Harris o ne a okametse Senate ya U.S. e e neng e kgaogane ka go lekana. O ne a latlhela dibtlhopho di le masome mararo le boraro tse di kgaoganyang, go feta mothusatautona ope yo mongwe, go akaretsa le ditlhopho tsa go fetisa Molao wa Leano la Phalotso la Amerika wa 2021 le Molao wa Phokotso ya Koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa.

Ka Phukwi 2024, morago ga gore Biden a gogele morago bontlhopheng jwa gagwe mo ditlhophong tsa botautona tsa 2024, Harris o ne a simolola letsholo la gagwe la botautona ka tshegetso ya gagwe. Moragonyana o ne a nna motlhophiwa mme a tlhopha mmusi wa Minnesota Tim Walz go nna molekane wa gagwe wa go taboga. O ne a feleletsa a latlhegetswe ke ditlhopho kgatlhanong le batlhophiwa ba Rephaboliki, tautona wa pele Trump le senator wa Ohio JD Vance.

== Botshelo jwa pele ==

=== Botshelo jwa pele le thuto ===
[[Setshwantsho:Kamala Harris - Berkeley childhood home.jpg|left|thumb|Legae la ga Harris la bongwana kwa 1227 Bancroft Way kwa Berkeley, Phatwe 2020]]
Kamala Devi Harris&lt;ref&gt;Harris was originally named Kamala Iyer Harris by her parents, who two weeks later filed an affidavit by which her middle name was changed to Devi.&lt;/ref&gt; o tsholetswe kwa Oakland, kwa California,&lt;ref&gt;Kim, Catherin; Stanton, Zack (August 11, 2020). [https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/08/11/kamala-harris-vp-background-bio-biden-running-mate-2020-393885 &quot;55 Things You Need to Know About Kamala Harris&quot;]. ''Politico''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200822230300/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/08/11/kamala-harris-vp-background-bio-biden-running-mate-2020-393885 Archived] from the original on August 22, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ka Phalane a le masome mabedi, 1964.&lt;ref&gt;United States Congress. [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H001075 &quot;Kamala Harris (id: H001075)&quot;]. ''[[:en:Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress|Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]''. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mmaagwe, Shyamala Gopalan (1938–2009), e ne e le moithutatshelo wa Mo-Tamil yo o neng a goroga kwa United States go tswa kwa India ka 1958 go tla go ikwadisa kwa sekolong sa dialogane sa thutotshelo ya ditlhagala kwa Yunibesithing ya California, kwa Berkeley. Go ne ga latela tiro ya gagwe ya patlisiso ya dingwaga di feta masome mane, e mo go yone tiro ya gagwe ya go dira tsjika tsa go amogela progesterone e neng ya dira gore go nne le kgatelopele mo patlisisong ya kankere ya mabele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://bcaction.org/2009/06/21/in-memoriam-dr-shyamala-g-harris/ &quot;In Memoriam: Dr. Shyamala G. Harris&quot;]. ''[[:en:Breast_Cancer_Action|Breast Cancer Action]]''. June 21, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190123121324/https://bcaction.org/2009/06/21/in-memoriam-dr-shyamala-g-harris/ Archived] from the original on January 23, 2019. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Rraagwe Kamala, Donald J. Harris (1938–),&lt;ref&gt;Harris, Kamala (2019). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ The Truths We Hold: An American Journey]''. Penguin Publishing Group. pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA320 320], [https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA330 330]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-525-56072-2|978-0-525-56072-2]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240303000912/https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ Archived] from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved April 17, 2023. &lt;q&gt;my paternal grandfather, Oscar Joseph ... my paternal grandmother, Beryl&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ke Moaforika-Jamaica yo o neng a fudugela kwa Amerika ka 1961 mme gape a ikwadisa kwa UC Berkeley, a dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya itsholelo ya tlhabololo. Moithuti wa ntlha wa Montsho go newa tiro kwa lephateng la itsholelo la Yunibesithi ya Stanford, o na le maemo a emeritus koo.&lt;ref&gt;Barry, Ellen (November 7, 2020). [https://www.nytimes.com/article/kamala-harris-dad-don-harris.html &quot;Kamala Harris's Father, a Footnote in Her Speeches, Is a Prominent Economist&quot;]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240722141019/https://www.nytimes.com/article/kamala-harris-dad-don-harris.html Archived] from the original on July 22, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Batsadi ba ga Kamala ba ne ba kopana ka 1962 mme ba nyalana ka 1963.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Barry, Ellen (September 13, 2020). [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/13/us/kamala-harris-parents.html &quot;How Kamala Harris's Immigrant Parents Found a Home, and Each Other, in a Black Study Group&quot;]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240827000000/https://web.archive.org/web/20240827041642/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/13/us/kamala-harris-parents.html Archived] from the original on August 27, 2024. &lt;/ref&gt;

Lelwapa la ga Harris le ne la nna kwa Berkeley go fitlha ba fuduga ka 1966, mo e ka nnang ka letsatsi la matsalo la bobedi la ga Kamala. Ba lelwapa la ga Harris ba ne ba nna dingwaga di le mmalwa kwa ditoropong tsa kholetshe kwa Bophirimagare kwa batsadi ba gagwe ba neng ba na le maemo a go ruta kgotsa a patlisiso:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[[:en:Frances_Dinkelspiel|Dinkelspiel, Frances]] (March 8, 2021). [https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/03/08/no-changes-needed-in-berkeley-to-landmark-the-childhood-home-of-kamala-harris &quot;Update: Change in Berkeley law not needed to landmark the childhood home of Kamala Harris&quot;]. ''Berkeleyside''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220819233234/https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/03/08/no-changes-needed-in-berkeley-to-landmark-the-childhood-home-of-kamala-harris Archived] from the original on August 19, 2022. Retrieved August 19, 2022. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Urbana, Illinois (kwa morwadiarraagwe Maya a tsholetsweng teng ka 1966); Evanston, kwa Illinois; le Madison, Wisconsin.&lt;ref&gt;The schools were [[:en:University_of_Illinois,_Urbana-Champaign|University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign]]; [[:en:Northwestern_University|Northwestern University]], Evanston; and [[:en:University_of_Wisconsin,_Madison|University of Wisconsin, Madison]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kacich, Tom (August 2, 2019). [https://www.news-gazette.com/news/toms-mailbag-aug-2-2019/article_2e901c56-67e8-54d6-a2b4-aa2f087d225f.html &quot;Tom's #Mailbag, Aug. 2, 2019&quot;]. ''The News-Gazette''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220825213212/https://www.news-gazette.com/news/toms-mailbag-aug-2-2019/article_2e901c56-67e8-54d6-a2b4-aa2f087d225f.html Archived] from the original on August 25, 2022. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Goodyear, Dana (July 15, 2019). [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/22/kamala-harris-makes-her-case &quot;Kamala Harris Makes Her Case&quot;]. ''The New Yorker''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211118140540/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/22/kamala-harris-makes-her-case Archived] from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved August 19, 2022. &lt;q&gt;Growing up, Harris was surrounded by African-American intellectuals and activists. One of her mother's closest friends was Mary Lewis, who helped found the field of black studies, at San Francisco State.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 1970, lenyalo le ne le tlhotlhorega, mme Shyamala o ne a boela kwa Berkeley le barwadie ba babedi;&lt;ref&gt;Horwitz, Sari (February 27, 2012). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/justice-dept-lawyer-tony-west-to-take-over-as-acting-associate-attorney-general/2012/02/24/gIQAqyBOeR_story.html &quot;Justice Dept. lawyer Tony West to take over as acting associate attorney general&quot;]. ''The Washington Post''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190708054021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/justice-dept-lawyer-tony-west-to-take-over-as-acting-associate-attorney-general/2012/02/24/gIQAqyBOeR_story.html Archived] from the original on July 8, 2019. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Martinez, Michael (October 23, 2010). [https://edition.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/10/22/california.kamala.harris.profile/ &quot;A 'Female Obama' seeks California attorney general post&quot;]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161116111208/https://edition.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/10/22/california.kamala.harris.profile/ Archived] from the original on November 16, 2016. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; bobedi jo bo ne jwa kgaogana fa Kamala a le dingwaga tse supa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ka 1972, Donald Harris o ne a amogela tiro kwa Yunibesithing ya Stanford; Kamala le Maya ba ne ba fetsa mafelobeke kwa ntlong ya ga rraabone kwa Palo Alto mme ba nna kwa ntlong ya ga mmaabone kwa Berkeley mo gare ga beke.&lt;ref&gt;Russell, George Fabe. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/08/23/where-did-kamala-harris-grow-up/74921659007/ &quot;Where did Kamala Harris grow up? A timeline&quot;]. ''USA Today''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240826211303/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/08/23/where-did-kamala-harris-grow-up/74921659007/ Archived] from the original on August 26, 2024. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Shyamala e ne e le tsala le batlhalefi le balweladitshwanelo ba Maaforika-Amerika kwa Oakland le Berkeley.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ka 1976, o ne a amogela tiro ya patlisiso kwa Sekolong sa Kalafi sa Yunibesithi ya McGill, mme a fudugela le barwadie kwa Montreal, kwa Quebec.&lt;ref&gt;Whiting, Sam (May 14, 2009). [https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Kamala-Harris-grew-up-idolizing-lawyers-3232851.php &quot;Kamala Harris grew up idolizing lawyers&quot;]. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200301010320/https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Kamala-Harris-grew-up-idolizing-lawyers-3232851.php Archived] from the original on March 1, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://jghnews.ciussswestcentral.ca/when-your-best-friend-from-high-school-winds-up-in-the-white-house/ &quot;When your best friend from high school winds up in the White House&quot;]. ''JGH News''. November 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240428005842/https://jghnews.ciussswestcentral.ca/when-your-best-friend-from-high-school-winds-up-in-the-white-house/ Archived] from the original on April 28, 2024. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Kamala o alogile kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Westmount kwa Setlhaketlhakeng sa Montreal ka 1981.&lt;ref&gt;Dale, Daniel (December 29, 2018). [https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/12/29/kamala-harriss-classmates-from-her-canadian-high-school-cheer-her-campaign-for-us-president.html &quot;U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris' classmates from her Canadian high school cheer her potential run for president&quot;]. ''Toronto Star''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190914123459/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/12/29/kamala-harriss-classmates-from-her-canadian-high-school-cheer-her-campaign-for-us-president.html Archived] from the original on September 14, 2019. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamala Harris o ne a tsena Kholetshe ya Vanier kwa Montreal ka 1981–1982;&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Mike (January 20, 2021). [https://www.thesuburban.com/columnists/mike_cohen_cohen_chatter/kamala-harris-now-remembered-for-her-vanier-roots/article_7f344a74-971f-569b-8566-c4c68e8f1c51.html &quot;Kamala Harris now remembered for her Vanier roots&quot;]. ''The Suburban Newspaper''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210304040451/https://www.thesuburban.com/columnists/mike_cohen_cohen_chatter/kamala-harris-now-remembered-for-her-vanier-roots/article_7f344a74-971f-569b-8566-c4c68e8f1c51.html Archived] from the original on March 4, 2021. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; morago ga moo o ne a tsena Yunibesithi ya Howard, e leng yunibesithi e e kileng ya bo e le ya batho bantsho kwa Washington, D.C.&lt;ref&gt;Givhan, Robin (September 16, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/16/kamala-harris-grew-up-mostly-white-world-then-she-went-black-university-black-city &quot;Kamala Harris grew up in a mostly white world. She then went to a black university in a black city&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Washington_Post|The Washington Post]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210610045040/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/16/kamala-harris-grew-up-mostly-white-world-then-she-went-black-university-black-city/ Archived] from the original on June 10, 2021. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Montgomery, Mimi (August 17, 2020). [https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/08/17/kamala-harris-is-no-dc-newcomer-what-has-her-life-looked-like-here-so-far/ &quot;Kamala Harris Is No DC Newcomer. What Has Her Life Looked Like Here So Far?&quot;]. ''[[:en:Washingtonian_(magazine)|Washingtonian]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231002190338/https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/08/17/kamala-harris-is-no-dc-newcomer-what-has-her-life-looked-like-here-so-far/ Archived] from the original on October 2, 2023. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa Howard, o ne a nna leloko la Alpha Kappa Alpha, nngwe ya ditlhopha tsa &quot;Divine Nine&quot; tse di neng di le tsa batho bantsho mo ditsong.&lt;ref&gt;Weissman, Sara (July 30, 2024). [https://www.insidehighered.com/news/government/politics-elections/2024/07/30/black-sorority-fraternity-members-mobilize-harris &quot;Black Sororities, Fraternities 'Organizing Like Never Before'&quot;]. ''Inside Higher Education''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240827201217/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/government/politics-elections/2024/07/30/black-sorority-fraternity-members-mobilize-harris Archived] from the original on August 27, 2024. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a aloga ka 1986 ka digerata ya Maranyane a sepolotiki le itsholelo.&lt;ref&gt;Holmes, Tamara. [https://magazine.howard.edu/stories/raising-up-kamala &quot;Raising Up Kamala&quot;]. ''Howard Magazine''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240520192839/https://magazine.howard.edu/stories/raising-up-kamala Archived] from the original on May 20, 2024. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rosalsky, Greg (6 October 2020). [https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2020/10/06/920350374/where-kamala-harris-studied-economics &quot;Where Kamala Harris Studied Economics&quot;]. ''NPR''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241007145622/https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2020/10/06/920350374/where-kamala-harris-studied-economics Archived] from the original on October 7, 2024. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Harris o ne a tsena Yunibesithi ya California, Kholetšhe ya Molao ya Hastings kwa San Francisco,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.uchastings.edu/2018/08/14/uc-hastings-2018-magazine-preview-opening-doors-for-students-of-promise/ &quot;LEOP: Opening Doors for Students of Promise&quot;]. ''UC Hastings Magazine''. August 14, 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200925110005/https://www.uchastings.edu/2018/08/14/uc-hastings-2018-magazine-preview-opening-doors-for-students-of-promise/ Archived] from the original on September 25, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; kwa a neng a dira jaaka tautona wa kgaolo ya yone ya Mokgatlho wa Baithuti ba Molao ba Bantsho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.uclawsf.edu/2016/11/09/uc-hastings-congratulates-kamala-harris-89-californias-next-u-s-senator/ &quot;UC Hastings Congratulates Kamala Harris '89: California's next U.S. Senator&quot;]. ''UC Hastings Law''. San Francisco. November 9, 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109130656/https://www.uchastings.edu/2016/11/09/uc-hastings-congratulates-kamala-harris-89-californias-next-u-s-senator/ Archived] from the original on January 9, 2021. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a aloga ka Ngaka ya Molao ka 1989.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101130223928/https://uchastings.edu/media-and-news/news/2010/11/kamala-harris.html &quot;Kamala Harris '89 Wins Race for California Attorney General&quot;]. UC Hastings News Room. November 24, 2010. Archived from [https://www.uchastings.edu/media-and-news/news/2010/11/kamala-harris.html the original] on November 30, 2010. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabongwe ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tiro ya pele ===
Ka 1990, Harris o ne a thapiwa jaaka motlatsa mmueledi wa kgaolo kwa Alameda County, California, kwa a neng a tlhalosiwa jaaka &quot;mosekisi yo o nang le bokgoni mo tseleng ya go tlhatloga&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Morain, Dan (November 29, 1994). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-11-29-mn-2787-story.html &quot;2 More Brown Associates Get Well-Paid Posts: Government: The Speaker appoints his frequent companion and a longtime friend to state boards as his hold on his own powerful position wanes&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200617210000/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-11-29-mn-2787-story.html Archived] from the original on June 17, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 1994, Sebui sa Kokoano ya California Willie Brown, yo ka nako eo a neng a ratana le Harris, o ne a mo tlhoma mo Bogoging jwaUnemployment Insurance Appeals ya puso mme moragonyana mo Khuduthamageng ya Thuso ya Kalafi ya California.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ka Tlhakole 1998, mmueledi wa kgaolo ya San Francisco Terence Hallinan o ne a thapa Harris go nna mothusa mmueledi wa kgaolo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29091340/sf-examiner-feb-03-1998/ &quot;DA Names New Head of Career Crime Unit&quot;]. ''The San Francisco Examiner''. February 3, 1998. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200422133402/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29091340/sf-examiner-feb-03-1998/ Archived] from the original on April 22, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a le koo, o ne a nna mookamedi wa Career Criminal Division, a okametse babueledi ba bangwe ba le batlhano, koo a neng a sekisa dikgetsi tsa polao, go thuba, go utswa le go tlhasela motho ka tlhakanelodikobo—segolobogolo dikgetsi tsa ba ba ipoeletsang. Ka Phatwe 2000, Harris o ne a tsaya tiro kwa Holong ya Toropo ya San Francisco, a direla mmueledi wa toropo Louise Renne.&lt;ref&gt;Lynch, Pat. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101219095441/https://www.womensradio.com/articles/This-DA-Makes-a-Difference-for-Women/559.html &quot;Women's Radio: This DA Makes a Difference For Women&quot;]. Womensradio.com. Archived from [https://www.womensradio.com/articles/This-DA-Makes-a-Difference-for-Women/559.html the original] on December 19, 2010. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Harris o ne a tsamaisa Lephata la Ditirelo tsa Lelwapa le Bana, a emela dikgetsi tsa go sotlaka bana le go ba tlhokomologa. Renne o ne a ema Harris nokeng ka nako ya letsholo la gagwe la D.A.&lt;ref&gt;Byrne, Peter (September 24, 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200213202115/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/kamalas-karma/ &quot;Kamala's Karma&quot;]. ''San Francisco Weekly''. Archived from [https://www.sfweekly.com/news/kamalas-karma/ the original] on February 13, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Mmueledi wa kgaolo ya San Fransisco (2002–2011) ===
[[Setshwantsho:Congresswoman Pelosi meets San Francisco's District Attorney, Kamala Harris; March 30, 2004 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Harris le Sebui sa isago sa Ntlo Nancy Pelosi ka Mopitlo 2004]]
Ka 2002, Harris o ne a emela go nna mmueledi wa kgaolo ya San Francisco,&lt;ref&gt;Kruse, Michael (August 9, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/08/09/kamala-harris-2020-president-profile-san-francisco-elite-227611/ &quot;How San Francisco's Wealthiest Families Launched Kamala Harris&quot;]. ''Politico''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191128184615/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/08/09/kamala-harris-2020-president-profile-san-francisco-elite-227611 Archived] from the original on November 28, 2019. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka  2025.&lt;/ref&gt; a tsamaisa letsholo la &quot;maatla&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Hampton, Adriel (July 28, 2003). &quot;Harris stumps in the Sunset&quot;. ''The San Francisco Examiner''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dineen, J.K.; Hampton, Adriel (December 9, 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241226070552/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/152837956/ &quot;Clinton Tops List of Celebrity Supporters&quot;]. ''The San Francisco Examiner''. p. 1.  from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024 – via [[:en:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]].&lt;/ref&gt; mme a ipharologanya le Hallinan ka go tlhasela tiro ya gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;Bulwa, Demian (December 6, 2003). [https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Harris-puts-D-A-on-trial-Performance-not-2525471.php &quot;Harris puts D.A. on trial / Performance, not philosophy, an issue&quot;]. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210128030109/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Harris-puts-D-A-on-trial-Performance-not-2525471.php Archived] from the original on January 28, 2021. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Harris o fentse ditlhopho ka 56% ya ditalama, a nna motho wa ntlha wa mmala yo o tlhophilweng go nna mmueledi wa kgaolo ya San Francisco.&lt;ref&gt;Zernike, Kate (February 11, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/11/us/kamala-harris-progressive-prosecutor.html &quot;'Progressive Prosecutor': Can Kamala Harris Square the Circle?&quot;]. ''The New York Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190211111631/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/11/us/kamala-harris-progressive-prosecutor.html Archived] from the original on February 11, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tsenela ditlhopho tsa paka ya bobedi ka 2007 a sa ganediwe.&lt;ref&gt;Knight, Heather (November 7, 2007). [https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Kamala-Harris-celebrates-unopposed-bid-for-3301780.php &quot;Kamala Harris celebrates unopposed bid for district attorney&quot;]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140111042848/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Kamala-Harris-celebrates-unopposed-bid-for-3301780.php Archived] from the original on January 11, 2014. &lt;/ref&gt;

Mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro tsa go nna mo setilong, Harris o ne a fedisa dikgetsi di le masome mabedi le bosupa mo go tse masome a supa le bone tsa polao tse di neng di saletse kwa morago.&lt;ref&gt;Soltau, Alison (July 21, 2004). [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-comparing-das/156116510/ &quot;New DA claims higher success rate vs. violent felons&quot;]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Examiner|San Francisco Examiner]]''. p. 4. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241006153951/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-comparing-das/156116510/ Archived] from the original on October 6, 2024. E nopotswe ka Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Gape o ne a kgaratlhela gore basekisiwa ba bokebekwa ba ba amegang mo ditlolomolaong tse di amanang le ditlhobolo ba emele tsheko kwa ntle ga kgolegelo e e kwa godimo, a bolela gore go emela tsheko kwantle ga madi a  a kwa tlase mo ditsong e kgothaletsa batho ba ba tswang kwa ntle go dira bokebekwa kwa San Francisco. Badiredi ba SFPD ba ne ba akgola Harris ka go gagamatsa diphatlha tse basekisiwa ba neng ba di dirisa mo nakong e e fetileng.&lt;ref&gt;Van Derbeken, Jaxon (March 20, 2006). [https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Trials-and-tribulations-of-Kamala-Harris-D-A-2521498.php &quot;Trials and tribulations of Kamala Harris, D.A. / 2 years into term, prosecutor, police have their differences&quot;]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190305182146/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Trials-and-tribulations-of-Kamala-Harris-D-A-2521498.php Archived] from the original on March 5, 2019. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako ya letsholo la gagwe, Harris o ne a ikana gore ga a kitla a batla katlholo ya loso,&lt;ref&gt;VanDerbeken, Jaxson (January 9, 2004). [https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/New-D-A-promises-to-be-smart-on-crime-Harris-2831205.php &quot;New D.A. promises to be 'smart on crime' / Harris speaks well of Hallinan, will continue some of his policies&quot;]. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201017095119/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/New-D-A-promises-to-be-smart-on-crime-Harris-2831205.php Archived] from the original on October 17, 2020. E nopotswe ka Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme o ne a tshegetsa seo mo dikgetseng tsa modiredi wa Lephata la Sepodisi la San Francisco, Isaac Espinoza, yo o neng a thuntshiwa le go bolawa ka 2004,&lt;ref&gt;Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (April 21, 2004). [https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Feinstein-s-surprise-call-for-death-penalty-puts-3313728.php &quot;Feinstein's surprise call for death penalty puts D.A. on spot&quot;]. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200425062908/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Feinstein-s-surprise-call-for-death-penalty-puts-3313728.php Archived] from the original on April 25, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (May 5, 2004). [https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Sen-Boxer-joins-throng-calling-for-death-in-3324378.php &quot;Sen. Boxer joins throng calling for death in killing of cop&quot;.] ''San Francisco Chronicle''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210218193324/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Sen-Boxer-joins-throng-calling-for-death-in-3324378.php Archived] from the original on February 18, 2021. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le ya ga Edwin Ramos, yo o neng a le leloko la segopa se se seng ka fa molaong le go nna leloko la segopa sa dinokwane le MS-13 ba ba neng ba latofadiwa ka polao ya monna le barwa ba gagwe ba babedi ka 2009.&lt;ref&gt;Van Derbeken, Jaxon (September 11, 2009). [https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Edwin-Ramos-won-t-face-death-penalty-3218429.php &quot;Edwin Ramos won't face death penalty&quot;]. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223144/https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Edwin-Ramos-won-t-face-death-penalty-3218429.php Archived] from the original on June 8, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Knight, Heather; Lagos, Marisa (September 16, 2009). [https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Newsom-backs-Harris-decision-3286455.php &quot;Newsom backs Harris' decision&quot;]. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121103205814/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Newsom-backs-Harris-decision-3286455.php Archived] from the original on November 3, 2012. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Kamala Harris with Barack Obama 2009-11-25.jpg|thumb|Harris le Tautona Barack Obama mo Ofising ya Oval, Ngwanaatsele 2009]]
Harris o ne a tlhama Setlhopha sa Ditlolomolao tsa Letlhoo, e e neng e lebile ditlolomolao tsa letlhoo kgatlhanong le bana le banana ba LGBT kwa dikolong,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101125112342/https://kamalaharris.org/MarriageEquality &quot;Marriage Equality&quot;]. Kamalaharris.org. Archived from [https://kamalaharris.org/MarriageEquality the original] on November 25, 2010. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme a tshegetsa A.B. 1160, Molao wa Bosiamisi jwa Batswasetlhabelo wa Gwen Araujo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200520060AB1160 &quot;Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act&quot;]. ''California Legislative Information''. September 28, 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150623100157/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200520060AB1160 Archived] from the original on June 23, 2015. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Jaaka mmueledi wa kgaolo, o ne a tlhama setlhopha sa bosenyi jwa tikologo ka 2005.&lt;ref&gt;Johnson, Jason B. (June 1, 2005). [https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-D-A-creates-environmental-unit-2666667.php &quot;D.A. creates environmental unit: 3-staff team takes on crime mostly affecting the poor&quot;]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200422163016/https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-D-A-creates-environmental-unit-2666667.php Archived] from the original on April 22, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Harris o tlhagisitse tshegetso ya molao wa toropo ya San Francisco ya tshireletso ya go se botse ka ga maemo a bofaladi mo thulaganyong ya dipatlisiso tsa bosenyi.&lt;ref&gt;McKinley, Jesse (November 12, 2006). [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/12/us/12sanctuary.html &quot;Immigrant Protection Rules Draw Fire&quot;]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331 0362-4331]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120625035600/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/12/us/12sanctuary.html Archived] from the original on June 25, 2012. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2004, o ne a tlhama Lephata la Reentry kwa San Francisco.&lt;ref&gt;Ho, Vivian (January 21, 2019). [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/21/kamala-harris-2020-president-election-run-meteoric-rise &quot;'Nobody works harder': insiders recall Kamala Harris's meteoric rise&quot;]. ''The Guardian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200910155940/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/21/kamala-harris-2020-president-election-run-meteoric-rise Archived] from the original on September 10, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo dingwageng di le thataro, batho ba le makgolo mabedi ba ba alogileng mo thulaganyong eo ba ne ba na le seelo sa go boela gape mo melatong se se kwa tlase ga 10%, fa se bapisiwa le 53% ya basenyi ba diritibatsi ba California ba ba neng ba boela kwa kgolegelong mo dingwageng di le pedi morago ga go gololwa.&lt;ref&gt;Knezevich, Alison (May 14, 2015). [https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-mosby-new-program-20150514-story.html &quot;Mosby: New program gives nonviolent offenders a second chance&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Baltimore_Sun|The Baltimore Sun]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005074323/https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-mosby-new-program-20150514-story.html Archived] from the original on October 5, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://phlcouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Pre-Trial-Diversion.Philadelphia.pdf &quot;Preventing Future Crime and Preserving Judicial Resources Through Non-Traditional Prosecution&quot;] (PDF). Philadelphia District Attorney's Office. September 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201107233543/https://phlcouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Pre-Trial-Diversion.Philadelphia.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on November 7, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Whitney, Keith (April 11, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223142/https://www.cbs46.com/news/jail-to-jobs-mayor-bottoms-announces-new-reentry-program/article_6e6caccf-6479-5f52-a451-db7d59adb70c.html &quot;Jail to jobs, Mayor Bottoms announces new reentry program&quot;]. [[:en:WANF|WGCL-TV]]. Archived from [https://www.cbs46.com/news/jail-to-jobs-mayor-bottoms-announces-new-reentry-program/article_6e6caccf-6479-5f52-a451-db7d59adb70c.html the original] on June 8, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2006, jaaka karolo ya letsholo la go fokotsa seelo sa dipolao tsa toropo, Harris o ne a etelela pele maiteko a toropo yotlhe a go lwantsha go sa tle sekolong ga banana ba ba mo kotsing ba sekolo se se potlana kwa San Francisco.&lt;ref&gt;Knight, Heather (October 19, 2004). [https://www.sfgate.com/education/*article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Drive-to-keep-kids-in-school-2680486.php &quot;City opens campaign to cut truancy by thousands of students&quot;]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201006120353/https://www.sfgate.com/education/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Drive-to-keep-kids-in-school-2680486.php Archived] from the original on October 6, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2008, a bolela gore go sa tle sekolong ka nako e telele ke kgang ya pabalesego ya setshaba le go supa gore bontsi jwa magolegwa a kgolegelo le batswasetlhabelo ba polao ke ba ba tlogetseng sekolo kgotsa ba ba tlwaetseng go sa tle sekolong,&lt;ref&gt;Knight, Heather (September 14, 2006). [https://www.sfgate.com/education/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-City-trying-to-get-worst-truants-2469689.php &quot;City trying to get worst truants to school. Help for students, criminal prosecution part of crackdown&quot;]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200820180349/https://www.sfgate.com/education/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-City-trying-to-get-worst-truants-2469689.php Archived] from the original on August 20, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; o ne a ntsha dinopolo kgatlhanong le batsadi ba le barataro ba bana ba bone ba neng ba sa tsene sekolo bonnye malatsi a le 50, lekgetlho la ntlha San Franciscos e sekisa bagolo ka ntata ya go itaola ga bana.&lt;ref&gt;Asimov, Nanette (June 11, 2008). [https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/S-F-cites-parents-of-chronically-truant-kids-3209547.php &quot;Citations go to parents of truant kids&quot;]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200812201245/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/S-F-cites-parents-of-chronically-truant-kids-3209547.php Archived] from the original on August 12, 2020. E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ofisi ya ga Harris e ne ya feleletsa e sekisitse batsadi ba le supa mo dingwageng di le tharo, mme ga go ope yo o neng a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Fighting-truancy-yields-big-dividends-3295152.php &quot;Fighting truancy yields big dividends&quot;]. ''[[:en:San_Francisco_Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]]''. June 14, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223146/https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Fighting-truancy-yields-big-dividends-3295152.php Archived] from the original on June 8, 2020.  E nopotswe Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Moranang 2009, baithuti ba sekolo se se potlana ba le sekete le makgolo a mararo le masome a mararo ba ne ba tlwaetse go tlogela sekolo kgotsa ba sa tle sekolo, e leng kwa tlase ka 23% go tswa go ba le sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a mararo ka 2008, le go tswa go ba le dikete tse pedi, makgolo a matlhano le lesome le bosupa ka 2007 le ba le dikete tse pedi, makgolo a ferabobedi le masome a matlhamo le borataro ka 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

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{{Infobox ethnic group|group=African diaspora|flag=File:Flag of the UNIA.svg|flag_caption=Flag of [[Pan-Africanism]]|image=Map of the African Diaspora in the World.svg|caption=World map of African diaspora|region1={{flagcountry|Brazil}}|pop1=[[Afro-Brazilians|20,656,458–112,739,744]] (2022){{efn|In the [[2022 Brazilian census]], 20,656,458 Brazilians self-identified as ''preto'' (black), while 92,083,286 identified as ''pardo'' (brown), a category that designates individuals of mixed racial ancestry. There is debate over whether all ''pardos'' have African ancestry. While some pardos may have mixed heritage without African descent, this is considered marginal as the majority have some degree of African ancestry.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Reiter |first1=Bernd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=idyIEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT275|title=Routledge Handbook of Afro-Latin American Studies |last2=Sánchez |first2=John Antón |date=2022-11-08 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-1-000-68546-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Afro-Brazilians |url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/afro-brazilians/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Minority Rights Group International |quote=&lt;small&gt;An estimated 91 million Brazilians are of African ancestry, according to the 2010 census, which found that more than half (50.7 per cent) of the Brazilian population now identified as preto (black) or pardo (mixed ethnicity).&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maioria da população do Brasil se declara parda |url=https://www.ufrn.br/imprensa/noticias/77639/maioria-da-populacao-do-brasil-se-declara-parda |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |quote=&lt;small&gt;(Translated) The figures show that 45.3% of the population of the country declared themselves brown; 43.5% declared themselves white, 10.2% black, 0.8% indigenous and 0.4% yellow. In the sum, 56.7% of Brazilians are non-white, of these, 55.5% are afrodescendant.&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tabela 9605: População residente, por cor ou raça, nos Censos Demográficos |url=https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/9605#resultado |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=sidra.ibge.gov.br}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Afro-Brazilians |url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/afro-brazilians/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Minority Rights Group International |quote=&lt;small&gt;An estimated 91 million Brazilians are of African ancestry, according to the 2010 census, which found that more than half (50.7 per cent) of the Brazilian population now identified as preto (black) or pardo (mixed ethnicity).&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maioria da população do Brasil se declara parda |url=https://www.ufrn.br/imprensa/noticias/77639/maioria-da-populacao-do-brasil-se-declara-parda |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |quote=&lt;small&gt;(Translated) The figures show that 45.3% of the population of the country declared themselves brown; 43.5% declared themselves white, 10.2% black, 0.8% indigenous and 0.4% yellow. In the sum, 56.7% of Brazilians are non-white, of these, 55.5% are afrodescendant.&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region2={{flagcountry|United  States}}|pop2=[[African Americans|41,104,200–46,936,733]] (2020)|ref2=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |date=August 12, 2021 |access-date=April 26, 2022 |publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region3={{flagcountry|Haiti}}|pop3=[[Afro-Haitians|11,200,000]]
(2023)|ref3=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/547499-HAITI-2023-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf|title=HAITI 2023 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT|website=www.state.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region4={{flagcountry|France}}|pop4=[[Black French people|8,000,000-10,000,000]]|ref4=&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=https://qz.com/283120/dont-believe-anyone-in-france-who-says-they-dont-see-race|title=Don't believe anyone in France who says they don't see race|date=21 October 2014|accessdate=21 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/132911/archives-thematique/combien-sont-ils/|title=Combien sont-ils ?|date=2 April 2007|accessdate=21 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=https://www.alternatives-economiques.fr/combien-y-a-t-de-noirs-france/00057884|title=Combien y a-t-il de Noirs en France ?|date=1 April 2008|accessdate=21 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{citation|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1887106,00.html|first=Bruce|last=Crumley|title=Should France Count Its Minority Population?|magazine=Time|date=24 March 2009|accessdate=11 October 2014|archivedate=8 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808014355/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1887106,00.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region5={{flagcountry|Colombia}}|pop5=[[Afro-Colombians|4,671,160–7,800,000]] (2018)|ref5=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title= visibilización estadística de los gruposétnicos|url=https://geoportal.dane.gov.co/geovisores/sociedad/cnpv-2018/?lt=4.456007353293281&amp;lg=-73.2781601239999&amp;z=5|work=Censo General 2018|publisher=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (DANE)|access-date=10 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region6={{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}|pop6=[[Afro-Saudis|3,600,000]]|ref6=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Saudi-Arabia| access-date=25 March 2017 |year=2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region7={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|pop7=[[Afro-Yemenis (disambiguation)|3,500,000]]|ref7=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 29, 2014|title=Yemen's Al-Akhdam face brutal oppression – CNN iReport|url=http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-999239|access-date=April 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129084527/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-999239|archive-date=November 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region8={{flagcountry|Mexico}}|pop8=[[Afro-Mexicans|2,576,213]] (2020)|ref8=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/702825198060.pdf|language=es|title=Principales resultados del Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020|website=inegi.org.mx|access-date=3 March 2024|archive-date=April 20, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420074127/https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/nueva_estruc/702825198060.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region9={{flagcountry|Jamaica}}|pop9=[[Afro-Jamaicans|2,510,000]]|ref9=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jamaica – People|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamaica|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region10={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|pop10=[[Black British people|2,485,724]] (2021)|ref10=&lt;ref name=2021censusUK&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021|title= 2021 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom|publisher= Office for National Statistics|date= November 11, 2022|access-date= February 28, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region11={{flagcountry|Iraq}}|pop11=[[Afro-Iraqis|2,000,000]]|ref11=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a53600d7.html | title=Refworld &amp;#124; World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Iraq : Black Iraqis }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region12={{flagcountry|Dominican Republic}}|pop12=[[Afro-Dominicans|1,704,000]] (2017)&lt;br&gt;[[Mulatto|8,000,000]](Mixed)|ref12=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = The ethnicity of the Dominican population |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Dominican-Republic/Settlement-patterns#ref54434}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Ethnic groups of the Dominican Republic|date=April 25, 2017|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-of-the-dominican-republic.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region13={{flagcountry|Panama}}|pop13=[[Afro-Panamanians|1,258,915]] (2023)|ref13=&lt;ref name=Panama&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/panam%C3%A1-censo_el-32-8---de-la-poblaci%C3%B3n-de-panam%C3%A1-se-reconoce-como-afrodescendiente/48328376 |title=El 32,8 % de la población de Panamá se reconoce como afrodescendiente|date=March 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region14={{flagcountry|Spain}}|pop14=[[Afro-Spaniards|1,206,701]]{{efn|79% being North African}}|ref14=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Población extranjera por país de nacionalidad, edad (grupos quinquenales) y sexo|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691|access-date=December 17, 2022|archive-date=October 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025102106/https://ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=9691|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region15={{flagcountry|Canada}}|pop15=[[Black Canadians|1,547,870]]|ref15=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Government of Canada |first1=Statistics Canada |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada [Country] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;DGUIDList=2021A000011124&amp;GENDERList=1,2,3&amp;STATISTICList=1&amp;HEADERList=0&amp;SearchText=Canada |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |access-date=6 November 2017 |date=9 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region16={{flagcountry|Italy}}|pop16=[[African emigrants to Italy|1,140,000]]{{efn|60% being North African}}|ref16=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.neodemos.info/2019/11/12/africani-ditalia/ |title=Africani d'Italia |website=Neodemos |date=November 12, 2019 |author=Fabrizio Ciocca |language=Italian}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region17={{flagcountry|Venezuela}}|pop17=[[Afro-Venezuelans|1,087,427]] (2011)|ref17=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 2014|title=XIV Censo National de Poblacion y Vivienda|url=http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf|access-date=April 27, 2021|archive-date=August 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805193838/http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region18={{flagcountry|Cuba}}|pop18=[[Afro-Cubans|1,034,044]]|ref18=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Población por sexo y zona de residencia según grupos de edades y color de la piel|url=http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603230454/http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20140428informenacional/46_tabla_II_4.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=April 27, 2021|archive-date=June 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region19={{flagcountry|Germany}}|pop19=[[Afro-Germans|1,000,000]]|ref19=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein?|url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/sprache/es-gibt-einige-die-entsetzt-waren-zu-besuch-in-neger-und-mohrenkirch-koennen-ortsnamen-rassistisch-sein_id_12824108.html|quote=Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande.|trans-quote=About one million black people are living in this country according to ISD.}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region20={{flagcountry|Peru}}|pop20=[[Black Peruvians|828,894]] (2017)|ref20=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1642/cap03_03.pdf|title=La Autoidentificación Étnica: Población Indígena y Afroperuana.| page = 123|language=es|date=2018|access-date=January 16, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region21={{flagcountry|Oman}}|pop21=[[Afro-Arabs|750,000]]|ref21=|region22={{flagcountry|Ecuador}}|pop22=[[Afro-Ecuadorians|569,212]] (2022)&lt;br&gt;[[Mulatto|245,256]] (Mixed)|ref22=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|date=September 2, 2011|title=Población del país es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC|url=https://www.eluniverso.com/2011/09/02/1/1356/poblacion-pais-joven-mestiza-dice-censo-inec.html|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=El Universo|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region23={{flagcountry|Netherlands}}|pop23=[[Afro-Dutch people|507,000]]|ref23=|region24={{flagcountry|Trinidad and Tobago}}|pop24=[[Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians|452,536]]|ref24=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf|title= Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Population and Housing Census: Demographic Report|page= 94|publisher= Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Central Statistical Office|year= 2012|access-date= August 20, 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171019211618/https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf|archive-date= October 19, 2017|url-status=dead|df= mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region25={{flagcountry|Belgium}}|pop25=[[Black Belgians|358,268]] (2023)|ref25=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Origin {{!}} Statbel |url=https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population/origin#figures |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=statbel.fgov.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region26={{flagcountry|Australia}}|pop26=[[African Australians|326,673]] (2021)|ref26=&lt;ref name=&quot;censusdata.abs.gov.au&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_ERP_COB_MAG_SEXRATIO#|title=ABS Statistics|website=stat.data.abs.gov.au|date=November 25, 2021|access-date=April 22, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728212457/http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_ERP_COB_MAG_SEXRATIO|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region27={{flagcountry|Portugal}}|pop27=[[Afro-Portuguese people |up to ~ 700,000]]|ref27={{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}|region28={{flagcountry|Argentina}}|pop28=[[Afro-Argentines|302,936]] (2022)|ref28=&lt;ref name='Censo 2022'&gt;{{cite news |access-date=8 March 2024 |agency=INDEC |title=Censo 2022 |url=https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Nivel4-Tema-2-41-165}}&lt;!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;|region29={{flagcountry|Sweden}}|pop29=[[African immigrants to Sweden|283,695]] (2024)|ref29=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning-och-levnadsforhallanden/befolkningens-sammansattning-och-utveckling/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/utrikes-fodda--medborgarskap-och-utlandsksvensk-bakgrund/befolkning-efter-fodelseland-och-ursprungsland-31-december-2024-totalt/|title=Befolkning efter födelseland och ursprungsland, 31 december 2024, totalt|journal=Utrikes födda, medborgarskap och utländsk/Svensk bakgrund|language=sv|trans-title=Foreign-born, citizenship and foreign/Swedish background|date=December 2024|publisher=Statistiska centralbyrån}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region30={{flagcountry|Barbados}}|pop30=[[Afro-Barbadians|270,853]]|ref30=&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210123091149/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ Barbados]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].&lt;/ref&gt;|region31={{flagcountry|Pakistan}}|pop31=[[Siddi|250,000]]|ref31=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=August 26, 2018|title=Smokers' corner: Sindh's African roots|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1428950|access-date=April 27, 2021|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region32={{flagcountry|Puerto Rico}}|pop32=[[Afro–Puerto Ricans|228,711]]|ref32=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/puerto-rico-population-change-between-census-decade.html | title=Puerto Rico Population Declined 11.8% from 2010 to 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region33={{flagcountry|Guyana}}|pop33=[[Afro-Guyanese|225,860]]|ref33=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=October 23, 2017 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084856/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region34={{flagcountry|Suriname}}|pop34=[[Afro-Surinamese|200,406]]|ref34=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |title= Censusstatistieken 2012 |website= Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname) |page= 76 |access-date= October 23, 2017 |archive-date= March 5, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305071544/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Suriname/SUR-Census2012-vol1.pdf |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|format= XLS|url= http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls|title= Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010|trans-title= Table P42. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010|language= es|website= [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|INDEC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193258/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P42-Total_pais.xls|archive-date= October 29, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|format= XLS|url= http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls|title= Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010|trans-title= Table P43. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010|language= es|website= [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina|INDEC]]|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140418145946/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/cuadrosDefinitivos/Total_pais/P43-Total_pais.xls|archive-date= April 18, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region35={{flagcountry|Chile}}|pop35=[[Afro-Chileans|195,809]] (2017){{efn|Including [[Haitian Chileans|Haitian]] immigrants}}|ref35=&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |date=November 2018 |periodical=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas |title=Medición de Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017 |url=https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/presentations/03_magdalena_iraguen_ine_chile.pdf}}&lt;!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2018/04/09/901867/Extranjeros-en-Chile-superan-el-millon-110-mil-y-el-72-se-concentra-en-dos-regiones-Antofagasta-y-Metropolitana.html|title=Extranjeros en Chile superan el millón 110 mil y el 72% se concentra en dos regiones: Antofagasta y Metropolitana|publisher=El Mercurio|date=9 April 2018|access-date=23 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region36={{flagcountry|Uruguay}}|pop36=[[Afro-Uruguayans|149,689]] (2011)|ref36=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2021 |title=La población afro-uruguaya en el Censo 2011 |url=https://www.ine.gub.uy/documents/10181/34017/Atlas_fasciculo_2_Afrouruguayos.pdf/ec7ecb3f-ca0a-4071-b05f-28fdc20c94e2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307090250/https://www.ine.gub.uy/documents/10181/34017/Atlas_fasciculo_2_Afrouruguayos.pdf/ec7ecb3f-ca0a-4071-b05f-28fdc20c94e2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2021 |language=es}} [https://www.ine.gub.uy/documents/10181/34017/Atlas_fasciculo_2_Afrouruguayos.pdf/ec7ecb3f-ca0a-4071-b05f-28fdc20c94e2 Alt URL]&lt;/ref&gt;|region37={{flagcountry|Norway}}|pop37=[[African immigration to Norway|144,510]] (2025)|ref37=&lt;ref name=&quot;ssb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre |title=Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents |language=Norwegian |access-date=2025-07-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region38={{flagcountry|Grenada}}|pop38=[[Afro-Grenadians|108,700]]|ref38=&lt;ref name=&quot;cia.gov&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |title= Grenada |website= The World Factbook |publisher= Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |access-date= May 3, 2021 |archive-date= August 11, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220811231159/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region39={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|pop39=[[Afro-Turks|100,000]]|ref39=&lt;ref name=&quot;trthaber.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=İstanbul'da yaşayan Afrikalıların sayısı 70 bine yakın. Ten renklerinden ötürü ötekileştirilmiyor olmak onları Türkiye'ye bağlıyor.|url=https://www.trthaber.com/haber/yasam/esenyurtun-afrikali-gocmenleri-538129.html|url-status=live|access-date=October 26, 2021|website=www.trthaber.com|date=December 13, 2020 |language=tr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213134049/https://www.trthaber.com/haber/yasam/esenyurtun-afrikali-gocmenleri-538129.html |archive-date=December 13, 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region40={{flagcountry|Finland}}|pop40=[[African diaspora in Finland|70,592]] (2023)|ref40=&lt;ref name=&quot;finland-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/ |title=11rv -- Origin and background country by sex, by municipality, 1990-2023 |website=[[Statistics Finland]] |access-date=September 29, 2024 |archive-date=October 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007212017/https://statfin.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/ |url-status=dead }}{{br|2}}Note:{{br|2}}{{cite web |url=https://stat.fi/meta/kas/syntypera_ja_ta_en.html |title=Origin and background country |website=[[Statistics Finland]] |access-date=September 29, 2024 |quote=Origin and background country&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;All such persons who have at least one parent who was born in Finland are also considered to be persons with Finnish background.&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;Persons whose both parents or the only known parent have been born abroad are considered to be persons with foreign background.&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;If either parent's country of birth is unknown, the background country for persons born abroad is their own country of birth.&amp;nbsp;...&amp;nbsp;For children adopted from abroad, the adoptive parents are regarded as the biological parents. }}{{br|2}}I.e., according to [[Statistics Finland]], people in Finland:&lt;br /&gt;{{•}} whose both parents are African-born,&lt;br /&gt;{{•}} or whose only known parent was born in Africa,&lt;br /&gt;{{•}} or who were born in Africa and whose parents' countries of birth are unknown.{{br|2}}Thus, for example, people with one Finnish parent and one African parent or people with more distant African ancestry are not included in this country-based non-ethnic figure.&lt;br /&gt;Also, African-born adoptees' backgrounds are determined by their adoptive parents, not by their biological parents.&lt;/ref&gt;|region41={{flagcountry|Jordan}}|pop41=[[Afro-Arabs|60,000]]|ref41=&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20140724014025/http://www.africanviews.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=105 Jordan&lt;/ref&gt;|region42={{flagcountry|Russia}}|pop42=[[Afro-Russians|50,000]]|ref42=&lt;ref&gt;Gribanova, Lyubov [https://web.archive.org/web/20081104180141/http://www.nashi-deti.ru/articles/15/ &quot;Дети-метисы в России: свои среди чужих&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104180141/http://www.nashi-deti.ru/articles/15/|date=November 4, 2008}} (in Russian). Nashi Deti Project. Retrieved February 25, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; (est. 2009)|region43={{flagcountry|Costa Rica}}|pop43=[[Afro-Costa Ricans|45,228]] (2018)&lt;br&gt;[[Mulatto|289,209]] (Mixed)|ref43=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Costa Rica: Población total por autoidentificación étnica-racial, según provincia y sexo. (Spanish)|url=http://www.inec.go.cr/social/grupos-etnicos-raciales|website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (Costa Rica)|access-date=2016-11-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region44={{flagcountry|Guatemala}}|pop44=[[Afro-Guatemalans|27,647]] (2018)&lt;br&gt;[[Garifuna|19,529]] (Mixed)|ref44=&lt;ref name=&quot;censopoblacion.gt&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.censopoblacion.gt/mapas |title=Portal de Resultados del Censo 2018 |publisher=Censopoblacion.gt |date= |accessdate=2022-04-14 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217015625/https://www.censopoblacion.gt/mapas |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|region45={{flagcountry|India}}|pop45=[[Siddi|19,514]] (2011)|ref45=&lt;ref name=Census2011&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|access-date=2017-03-24|work=Census of India 2011|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region46={{flagcountry|Paraguay}}|pop46=[[Afro-Paraguayans|8,013]] (2022)|ref46=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://otramerica.com/comunidades/afroparaguayos-condenados-a-no-existir/720 | title=Afroparaguayos, condenados a no existir }}&lt;/ref&gt;|languages=[[North American English|English]] ([[African American English|American]], [[Caribbean English|Caribbean]]), [[American French|French]] ([[Canadian French|Canadian]], [[Haitian French|Haitian]]), [[Haitian Creole]], [[Jamaican Patois]], [[Spanish language in the Americas|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language in the Americas|Portuguese]], [[Papiamento]], [[Surinamese Dutch|Dutch]], [[Palenquero]] and [[Languages of Africa|African languages]]|rels=[[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Traditional African religions]], [[African diaspora religions|Afro-American religions]]|related_groups=[[Demographics of Africa|Africans]]}}'''Diaspora tsa Aforika''' ke kokoanyo ya lefatshe ka bophara ya merafe e e tswang mo bathong ba ba tswang kwa Aferika . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Diaspora {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/anthropology-and-archaeology/human-evolution/african-diaspora|access-date=May 23, 2022|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Leina  le gantsi le kaya ditlogolwana tsa batho ba naga ya Bophirima le Bogare jwa Aferika ba ba neng [[Bokgoba|ba dirwa makgoba]] le go romelwa kwa Amerika ka sekepe ka [[Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic|kgwebisano ya makgoba ya Atlantic]] fa gare ga lekgolo la dingwaga la bo 16 le la bo 19, mme palo ya bone e ntsi e ne e le kwa [[Brazil]], [[USA|United States]], le Haiti . &lt;ref name=&quot;Uiscftdgha&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unescogeneralhis00jfad/page/305 305–15]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Leina le gape le ka dirisiwa  go kaya ditlogolwana tsa Maaferika tse di neng tsa fudugela kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa lefatshe. Barutegi ba supa &quot;dikgato tse nne tsa go dikologa&quot; tsa go fuduga moo go tswa mo Aferika.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ditlhopho mo Botswana</title>
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      <text bytes="19116" sha1="5sz9lgqpej5lad27lkp5v8noctq1m9v" xml:space="preserve">'''Ditlhopho mo Botswana''' di tshwarelwa mo leagong la puso-ya-batho-ka-batho ya mekgatlho ya sepolotiki e mentsi ebile di dirisa [[:en:Parliamentary_system|tsamaiso ya palamente]]. Mo [[:en:National_Assembly_(Botswana)|Palamentenhg ya Setšhaba]], bontsi ke jo be tlhophilweng ka konopo, mme bone ba tlhophe Tautona le mapalamente ba bangwe ba tlaleletso. [[:en:Ntlo_ya_Dikgosi|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]] yone e kopantse maloko a segosi-ka-tsalo le ba ba tlhophiwang.&lt;ref&gt;Botswana CIA World [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Handbook]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maduo gotswa mo ditsong ==

=== Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba tsa Botswana ngwaga e le wa 1965 ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mokgatlho wa Sepolotiki
!Tlhopho
!%
!Ditilo
|-
|
|Botswana Democratic Party
|113,167
|80.38
|28
|-
|
|Botswana People's Party
|19,964
|14.18
|3
|-
|
|Botswana Independence Party
|6,491
|4.61
|0
|-
|
|Botswana People's Party (Motsete Branch)
|377
|0.27
|0
|-
|
|Ba ba ikemetseng (mekoko)
|789
|0.56
|0
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ba ba sa tlhophiwang (ba tlaleletso)
|0
|0.00
|4
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Palo yotlhe
|140,788
|100.00
|35
|}

=== Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba tsa Botswana ngwaga e le wa 1969 ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Mokgatlho wa Sepolotiki
!Tlhopho
!%
!Ditilo
|-
|
|Botswana Democratic Party
|52,518
|68.33
|24
|-
|
|Botswana National Front
|10,410
|13.54
|3
|-
|
|Botswana People's Party
|9,329
|12.14
|3
|-
|
|Botswana Independence Party
|4,601
|5.99
|1
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ba ba sa tlhophiwang (ba tlaleletso)
|0
|0.00
|4
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Palo yotlhe
|76,858
|100.00
|35
|}

== Ditlhopho tsa bofelo ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;7&quot; |tsenya setshwantsho
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Mokgatlho wa sepolotiki/wa mokopanelwa
!Tlhopho
!%
!Ditilo
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Umbrella for Democratic Change
|
|Botswana National Front
|193,166
|23.13
|23
|-
|
|Alliance for Progressives
|46,799
|5.60
|6
|-
|
|Ba ba ikemetseng (mekoko)
|39,261
|4.70
|3
|-
|
|Botswana People's Party
|31,636
|3.79
|4
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Palo yotlhe
|310,862
|37.22
|36
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Botswana Democratic Party
|254,633
|30.49
|4
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Botswana Congress Party
|175,326
|20.99
|15
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Botswana Patriotic Front
|69,414
|8.31
|5
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Botswana Republican Party
|3,212
|0.38
|0
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Botswana Movement for Democracy
|1,146
|0.14
|0
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Real Alternative Party
|222
|0.03
|0
|-
|
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ba ba ikemetseng (mekoko)
|20,434
|2.45
|1
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ba ba sa tlhophiwang (ba tlaleletso)
|0
|0.00
|8
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Palo yotlhe
|835,249
|100.00
|69
|}

== Ditso tsa Ditlhopho ==

=== Bechuanaland ka fa tlase ga Tshireletso ===
Gotsweng ko go tlhomiweng ga [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland yo a neng a le ka fa tlase ga Tshireletso]] ka ngwaga wa 1889, go ile ga nna le ditlhopho mo fatsheng le kwa tshimologong wa dingwaga tsa bo-1920, fa gosena go simolodisiwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Advisory_Council&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1 European Advisory Council] (EAC) le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Advisory_Council&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1 Native Advisory Council] (NAC). Maloko a EAC a ne a tlhophiwa baemedi ka bongwe ka bongwe ba dikgaolwana botlhophi ba e neng e le baagedi ba Boritane (kgotsa ba ba neng ba na le tshwanno ya boagedi jwa Boritane) ba batsadi ba Ma-Yuropa, le ba ba neng ba fitlhelela sekale sa boagedi le sa mahumo.&lt;ref&gt;Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1932 Colonial [http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/466540/466540_1932/466540_1932_opt.pdf Reports]&lt;/ref&gt; E ne ya tlhophiwa e le lantlha ka ngwaga wa 1921, ka ditlhopho tse di tshwarwang morago ga dingwaga dingwe le dingwe tse tharo. Kwa tshimologong e ne e na le maloko a le mane, mme a nna a oketsega go nna thataro ka ngwaga wa 1929, le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1948.&lt;ref&gt;Fred Morton, Jeff Ramsay, Part Themba Mgadla (2008) ''Historical Dictionary of Botswana'', Scarecrow Press, p83&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwa tshimologong, Native Advisory Council e ne e na le maloko a le masome a mararo, ba le batlhano gotswa mo merafeng ya kwa Borwa jwa lefatshe le ([[:en:Rolong_tribe|Barolong]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_rulers_of_Kw%C3%AAna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1 Bakwena], [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], [[:en:Kgatla_tribe|Bakgatla]], [[:en:Bamalete|Bamalete]] le [[:en:Tlôkwa_tribe|Batlokwa]]). Mongwe wa maloko a, a matlhano e ne e le kgosi ya morafe fa ba bane bone ba ne ba tlhophiwa ke morafe goyeng ka &quot;ditsamaiso tsa setso tsa yone&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1932 Colonial [http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/466540/466540_1932/466540_1932_opt.pdf Reports]&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go le jalo, tsamaiso e, e ne e kgalwa ke maloko mangwe mo go bone go naleng SM Molema, yo a neng a re dikgosi di ne di tlhopha ba di ba ratang. [[:en:Resident_Commissioner|Mokomišinara wa Moagedi]] o ile a supa fa se ene a se tlhaloganyang e ne e le gore maloko a tlhophiwa kwa dikgotleng (diphutlhego tsa Setswana).&lt;ref&gt;Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960 Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 &amp; [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf 2]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1937 tsamaiso e ya go tlhopha e ile ya fetolwa go letelela  Mokomišinara wa Moagedi go tlhopha leloko le le lengwe mo morafeng mongwe le mongwe.&lt;ref&gt;Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960 Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 &amp; [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf 2]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1940 leina la lekgotla le le ile la fetolwa go nna [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Advisory_Council&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1 African Advisory Council] (AAC) fa ka 1944 boloko jwa yone bo ne jwa fetolwa go nna le tekanyetso ka palo tsa merafe. ACC e ne ya godisiwa go nna le maloko a le masome a mararo le botlhano, mo go bone go na le ba le borobabobedi gotswa mo morafeng wa [[:en:Bangwato_tribe|Bangwato]], ba le bane gotswa mo Bangwaketsing le Bakwena, ba le bararo gotswa mo Barolong, Bamalete, Batlokwa, Bakgatla le [[:en:List_of_rulers_of_Tawana|Batawana]], ba le babedi gotswa mo [[:en:Kgalagadi_language|Bakgalagading]] le ba le babedi ba ba neng ba emela kgaolo ya [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].&lt;ref&gt;Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960 Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 &amp; [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf 2]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 1950 go ne ga tlhamiwa Joint Advisory Council, e nale maloko a le borobabobedi a a tswang mo makgotleng a EAC le AAC, le maloko a mangwe a mararo a a tlhophilweng. Fa dingwaga tsa bo-1950 di ya fifing, go ne ga nna le tshusumetso e e maatla ya go tlhama Legislative Council se se ileng sa gogela kwa kitsisong ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 1960 gore makgotla a EAC le AAC a tla nyeletswa ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 1961, mme go tlaabo go tlhomiwa makgotla a mangwe a mabedi, la Legislative Council le la African Council.&lt;ref&gt;Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960 Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 &amp; [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf 2]&lt;/ref&gt; Mokgatlho o moša wa Legislative Council o ne o nale maloko a le lesome le bongwe a a tlhophilweng ka tlhopho, fa ba le lesome mo go bone ba tlhophilwe ke MaYuropa mme a le mongwe ene a tlhophilwe baagi ba Ešia. Go ne go na le maloko a Aforika a le lesome a a sa tlhophiwang ka tlhopho a a tlhophilweng ke African Council, gape go nale badiri ba mmuso wa tshireletso ba le lesome le maloko a mangwe a tlaleletso. Bontlha bongwe jwa African Council jo bo tlhophilweng, fa bone ba ba  tlhophilweng ba, ba dira gammogo le magosi a merafe e borobabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945-1966) [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/botoverview4.htm EISA]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rephaboliki ya Botswana ===
Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tse e neng e le [[:en:Universal_suffrage|tsa kakaretso]] di tshwerwe ka ngwaga wa [[:en:1965_Bechuanaland_general_election|1965]], pele ga boipuso jo bo diragetseng dikgwedi tse lesome le borobabobedi gotsweng foo. Bechuanaland Democratic Party (e ileng ya fiwa leina le leša [[:en:Botswana_Democratic_Party|Botswana Democratic Party]] golatela boipuso) e ne ya bona phenyo e e tsiitsibanyang mmele, e bona ditilo di le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi mo go tse masome a mararo le bongwe. Morago  ga boipuso BDP e ile ya tswelela ka diphenyo tse di tona ka dingwaga tsa [[:en:1969_Botswana_general_election|1969]], [[:en:1974_Botswana_general_election|1974]], [[:en:1979_Botswana_general_election|1979]] le [[:en:1984_Botswana_general_election|1984]], e fenya selekanyo sa boraro mo boneng jwa ditilo mo ditlhophong dingwe le dingwe. [[:en:1987_Botswana_electoral_reform_referendum|Patlo-maikutlo ka tlhabololo-ditlhopho]] e ne ya tshwarwa ka ngwaga wa 1987, mme e ne e tsentse phetogo fela ya go tlhama maemo a Motsamaisa-Ditlhopho, le ya tsamaiso ya [[:en:First-past-the-post|phenyo-ka-bontsi]] e e neng e letelela BDP go laola Ntlo ya Palamente le go nna mo pusong. Morago ga ditlhopha tse ba di fentseng ka pharologanyo e tota tsa [[:en:1989_Botswana_general_election|1989]], ditlhopho tsa [[:en:1994_Botswana_general_election|1994]] tsone di ne tsa supa tiro e ntle ya lekgotla la kganetso la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana National Front]] (BNF) e ileng ya fenya ditilo di le lesome le boraro mo go tse masome a mane a tse ditlhophilweng ka talama, le ntswa BDP e ne e tshwere ditilo tse pedi mo borarong jwa tsone tsotlhe. [[:en:1997_Botswana_electoral_reform_referendum|Patlo-mikutlo ka tlhabololo-ditlhopho ya bobedi]] e ne ya tshegetswa ka ngwaga wa 1997 morago ga ditshupegetso tse dokotsi tsa 1995.&lt;ref&gt;Botswana: Constitutional and electoral reform [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1997overview.htm EISA]&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabololo tse di akaretsa tlhamo ya Independent Electoral Commission, go leta Batswana ba ba kwa ntle ga lefatshe go tlhopha, le go fokotsa dingwaga tsa go tlhopha gotswa kwa go masome a mabedi le bongwe go boela kwa go tse lesome le borobabobedi, tse tsotlhe di ileng tsa amogelesega mo batlhophing.

[[:en:1999_Botswana_general_election|Ditlhopho tsa 1999]] di feletse ka phenyo ya BDP ka ditilo tse masome a mararo le boraro mo go tse masome a mane a ditilo tse di tlhophilweng ka ditamala, morago ga go thubega ga mokgatlho wa BNF ka 1998. E ile ya tswelela ka go fenya ditilo tse masome a mane le bone mo go tse masome a matlhano le bosupa a tse di tlhophilweng ka talama ka [[:en:2004_Botswana_general_election|2004]], masome a mane le botlhano ka [[:en:2009_Botswana_general_election|2009]] le tse masome a mararo le bosupa a ditilo ka [[:en:2014_Botswana_general_election|2014]].

== Tsamaiso ya ditlhopho ==

=== Palamente ya Setšhaba ===
Maloko a masome a marataro le botlhano a Palamente ya Setšhaba a akaretsa a le masome a matlhano le bosupa  a tlhophetsweng go emela setšhaba mo ngwageng tse tlhano, gape go nale leloko le le lengwe la [[:en:Parliamentary_constituencies_of_Botswana|kgaolo nngwe le nngwe ya botlhophi]] ka tiriso ya tsamaiso ya phenyo-ka-bontsi mo ditlhophong, ba le bane ba tlhophilwe ke Palamente ya Setšhaba gotswa mo maineng a a neng a beilwe-pele ke Tautona, le a le mabedi [[:en:Ex_officio|a tlaleletso]]; Tautona le Rra-Molao-Mogolo.&lt;ref&gt;National Assembly [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm IPU]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The Parliament of Botswana [https://web.archive.org/web/20190811234337/http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/core/parliamentInfo.aspx?Committee=BOTSWANA CPA]&lt;/ref&gt; Fa e sale go tsewa boipuso, selekanyo sa Palamente ya Setšhaba e ntse e gola ka bonya ka bonya, ka maloko a a tlhophilweng a gola gotswa kwa go masome a mararo le bongwe gpya kwa go masome a mararo le bobedi ka 1974, masome a mararo le bone ka 1984, masome a mane ka 1994 le masome a matlhano le bosupa ka 2004 &lt;ref&gt;Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich &amp; Bernard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'', Oxford University Press, [[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|p105]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Elections held in 2004 [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2041_04.htm IPU]&lt;/ref&gt; Go nna teng ga maloko a a sa tlhophiwang ka talama (ba ba itlhophetsweng) go simologile ka 1974.&lt;ref&gt;Elections in Botswana African Elections [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503023856/http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw.html Database]&lt;/ref&gt;

Batlhophi e tshwanetse ya bo e le Batswana ba ba dingwaga tse lesome le borobabobedi le go feta, yo o tsweletseng ka go nna mo lefatsheng le mo lebakeng le le seng ka fa tlase ga dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi pele ga ikwadisetso ditlhopho. Mabaka a a ka kganelang a akaretsa gore motho a ba a sa itekanela mo tlhaloganyong, motho a laoletswe leso ke lekgotla, motho yo o tsentsweng mo kgolegelong ya lebaka la dikgwedi tse thataro le go feta, fa motho a dirile molato o o tsamaisanang le tsa ditlhopho, kgotsa motho yo o nang le boagedi jo bobedi.&lt;ref&gt;National Assembly [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm IPU]&lt;/ref&gt; Bo-ntlhopheng bone ba tshwanetse ba bo ba nale dingwaga di se ka fa tlase ga masome a mabedi le bongwe, a itse Sekgowa mo go lekaneng gore a kgone go tsaya karolo mo dipuisanong tsa palamente le gore a bo a sena seemo sa tatlhegelo e e sa duelelweng. Ba tshwanetse gape gore ba bo ba nopotswe ke batlhophi ba le babedi ba kgaolo ya botlhophi ya bone ebile go nale ba le supa ba ba emeng nokeng tlhopho eo. Go nale [[:en:Deposit_(politics)|madi a peeletso]] a a duelwang, mme a ka busetswa ntlhophang fa a ka bona tlhopho e e kana ka botlhano mo lekgolong ya batlhophi botlhe mo kgaolong ya botlhophi. Maloko a Ntlo ya Dikgosi ga ba kake ba emela ditlhopho tsa Palamente ya Setšhaba.&lt;ref&gt;National Assembly [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm IPU]&lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Tautona ===
Bo-ntlhophang ba bopalamente ba tlhalosa mo pampiring ya tlhopho gore ba emenokeng ntlhopheng wa botautona ofe, mme Tautona a bo a tla a tlhophiwa ke maloko a Palamemte ya Setšhaba morago ga ditlhopho tsa setšhaba. Bo-ntlhopheng ba botautona ba tshwanetse ba bo ba tlhophilwe ke batlhophi ba se ka fa tlase ga sekete, gape ba se ka fa tlase ga dingwaga tse di masome a mararo.&lt;ref&gt;Botswana: Constitution [[EISA]]&lt;/ref&gt; Gofitlha ka ngwaga wa 1974, Tautona o ne a tshwanetse ke gore a bo a le mopalamente yo o tlhophilweng.&lt;ref&gt;Nohlen et al, p106&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntlo ya Dikgosi ===
Ntlo ya Dikgosi e tlhophiwa eseng ka tlhamalalo. Gofitlha ka ngwaga wa 2005 e ne e nale maloko a le borobabobedi a e leng dikgosi tsa merafe e megolo ya lefatshe, a le mane e le a a tlhophilweng ke dikgosi mo merafeng ya bone, le a le mararo a a tlhophilweng ke maloko a le lesome le bobedi a a setseng a le teng.&lt;ref&gt;Nohlen et al, p106&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2005 e ile ya atolosiwa go nna le maloko a le masome a mararo le botlhano, a e leng dikgosi tse borobabobedi, maloko a le matlhano a a tlhomilweng ke Tautona, le a le masome a mabedi le bobedia a tlhophilweng dingwaga tse tlhano dingwe le dingwe, a tlhophiwa ke maloko a bogosi jwa khiro.&lt;ref&gt;Ntlo Ya Dikgosi Introduction Parliament of [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531063313/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/about-ntlo-ya-dikgosi Botswana]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dipatlo maikutlo ==
Go nale dipatlo maikutlo di le tharo fela tse di kileng tsa dirwa mo Botswana. Yantlha e dirilwe ka ngwaga wa [[:en:1987_Botswana_electoral_reform_referendum|1987]] e le ka tokafatso ya tsamaiso ya ditlhopho, patlo maikutko ya bobedi e le yone e neng e le ka kgang e tshwanang ka [[:en:1997_Botswana_electoral_reform_referendum|1997]]. Patlo maikutlo ya boraro e ne ya dirwa ka ngwaga wa [[:en:2001_Botswana_judicial_reform_referendum|2001]] ka megopolo e e beilweng pele ya tokafatso ditsamaiso tsa boatlhodi. Batlhophi ba ne ba botswa dipotse tse borobabobedi, mme tshologelo ya tlhopho e ne ya nna gautshwane thata le botlhano mo lekgolong fela.&lt;ref&gt;Botswana: 2001 Referendum [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot2001referendum.htm EISA]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tshupo ==

# [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana] CIA World Handbook
# [http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/466540/466540_1932/466540_1932_opt.pdf Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1932] Colonial Reports
# Fred Morton, Jeff Ramsay, Part Themba Mgadla (2008) ''Historical Dictionary of Botswana'', Scarecrow Press, p83
# [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-0|a]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-1|b]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-2|c]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-3|d]] Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960] Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 &amp; 2
# [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/botoverview4.htm Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945-1966)] EISA
# [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1997overview.htm Botswana: Constitutional and electoral reform] EISA
# [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-0|a]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-IPU_7-1|b]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-IPU_7-2|c]] [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm National Assembly] IPU
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20190811234337/http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/core/parliamentInfo.aspx?Committee=BOTSWANA The Parliament of Botswana] CPA
# [[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|Dieter Nohlen]], Michael Krennerich &amp; Bernard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'', Oxford University Press, p105
# [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2041_04.htm Elections held in 2004] IPU
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503023856/http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw.html Elections in Botswana] African Elections Database
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503023856/http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw.html Botswana: Constitution] EISA
# [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-N1_13-0|a]] 
# Nohlen et al, p106
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531063313/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/about-ntlo-ya-dikgosi Ntlo Ya Dikgosi Introduction] Parliament of Botswana
# [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot2001referendum.htm Botswana: 2001 Referendum] EISA

== Ditomagano gotswa ntle ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121121112406/http://www.iec.gov.bw/ Botswana Independent Electoral Commission]
* [http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/b/botswana/ Botswana] Psephos
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503023856/http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw.html Botswana] Africa Elections Database

''&lt;u&gt;Insert table&lt;/u&gt;''

Category: Elections in Botswana</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cariba Heine</title>
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      <text bytes="9676" sha1="2lda1pu0xlbmt1ux5k28vtzbv06nn9q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Cariba Heine|image=Cariba Heine.jpg|image caption=Heine in 2012|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1988|10|01}}|birth_place=[[Johannesburg]], [[Transvaal (province)|Transvaal]], South Africa|occupation={{hlist|Actress|dancer}}|years active=2003–present|spouse(s)={{marriage|Matt Pong|2024}}|children=1}}

'''Cariba Heine''' (o tshotswe ka Phalane a rogwa 1988&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090219062446/http://www.zdf-enterprises.de/h2o/mediakit/h2o_media_kit_zdf_enterprises.pdf &quot;Media Kit (Series 1)&quot;] (PDF) (Press release). ZDF Enterprises. Archived from [http://www.zdf-enterprises.de/h2o/mediakit/h2o_media_kit_zdf_enterprises.pdf the original] (PDF) on 19 February 2009. p. 28: &lt;q&gt;Cariba was born in South Africa on the 1st October 1988 and moved to Australia 1991 [''sic''].&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;) ke modiragatsi le sebini sa Australia yo o tsholetsweng kwa Aforika Borwa. O itsege ka dikarolo tsa gagwe jaaka Rikki Chadwick mo baesekopong ya [[Network 10]] ya [[H2O: Just Add Water|''H2O:'']] [[H2O: Just Add Water|''Just Add Water'']], Bridget Sanchez mo motseletseleng wa boraro wa ''[[Blue Water High]]'', le Caroline Byrne mo go [[A Model Daughter: The Killing of Caroline Byrne.|''A Model Daughter: The Killing of Caroline Byrne''.]]

== Botshelo jwa pele ==
Heine o tsholetswe kwa Johannesburg&lt;ref&gt;Oberholzer, Erene (5 September 2016). [https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/8-actors-didnt-know-south-african-roots/ &quot;8 Actors you didn't know had South African roots&quot;]. ''The South African''. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ke batsadi ba Aforika Borwa e bong Michelle, yo e kileng ya bo e le modiragatsi wa dibaesekopo, le Kevin Heine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Ranawake, Sarah (November 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210509153807/http://i193.photobucket.com/albums/z55/ajbar7/fashionising/nine/YoungRomance2.jpg &quot;Cariba Heine wears Young Romance&quot;]. ''InStyle''. p. 155. Archived from [http://i193.photobucket.com/albums/z55/ajbar7/fashionising/nine/YoungRomance2.jpg the original] on 1 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a fudugela kwa Australia a le dingwaga di le tharo le batsadi ba gagwe le kgaitsadie yo mogolo e bong Kyle (yo o tshotsweng ka 1985).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Reilly, Gabrielle. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250225122540/https://theglobaltownhall.com/cariba_heine_bio &quot;Cariba Heine Biography&quot;]. ''The Global Townhall''. Archived from [http://www.theglobaltownhall.com/cariba_heine_bio the original] on 4 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ==

=== Go bina ===
Malatsi a gagwe a pele a ne a akaretsa go katisiwa mo mminong wa jazz, mmino wa tap, ballet ya bogologolo, acrobatic le rhythmic gymnastics, le go ithuta go diragatsa le go opela kwa National Capital Acting School.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; O ne a bina kwa sekolong sa go bina sa ga mmaagwe kwa Canberra,&lt;ref&gt;[http://mermaids-h2o.narod.ru/cariba_heine_eng.html &quot;Interview with Cariba Heine&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; kwa moragonyana a neng a tsena [[Telopea Park School]] le [[St Clare's College]]. E ne e le sebini se se botlana go gaisa botlhe se se neng se diragatsa kwa Stargazers Convention kwa [[Sydney]], kwa [[Australia]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100612153307/http://australiantelevision.net/h2o/cariba_heine/bio.html &quot;Australian Television: H2O – Just Add Water: Cariba Heine&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.australiantelevision.net/h2o/cariba_heine/bio.html the original] on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tsena sekolo kwa gae go tlhoma mogopolo mo tirong ya gagwe ya go bina, mme a diragatsa mo ditlhagisong tse dintsi tsa serala, go akaretsa le loeto kwa United States, kwa a neng a tlhagelela mo setshwantshong sa mmino sa pina ya ga [[Will Young]] ya &quot;[[Leave Right Now]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Morago ga go gobala thata mo nokeng, o ne a akantshiwa ke mookamedi wa gagwe gore a simolole go diragatsa ka nakwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Bodiragatsi ===
[[Setshwantsho:Cariba Heine headshot.jpg|thumb|186x186px|Cariba Heine kwa pontshong ya ntlha ya baesekopo ya The Sapphires ka 2012]]
Heine o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya bodiragatsi ka 2006 ka go tsenngwa mo motseletseleng wa motshikhinyego, [[H2O: Just Add Water|''H2O: Just Add Water'']], kwa a neng a tshameka Rikki Chadwick, mongwe wa dikarolo tse di eteletseng pele.&lt;ref&gt;Moss, Marilyn (12 March 2008). [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/h2o-126003 &quot;H2O&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter]]''. [[:en:Associated_Press|Associated Press]]. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025. &lt;q&gt;The three girls (played by delightful actresses Claire Holt, Phoebe Tonkin and Cariba Heine) wander too far out into the water and become enchanted, so to speak.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Heine o ne a tshameka karolo ya ga Caroline Byrne mo filiming ya motshikhinyego ya ''[[A Model Daughter: The Killing of Caroline Byrne]]'' e e neng ya gasiwa mo [[Network Ten]] kwa Australia ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi mane ka 2009.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200818040730/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/beauty-and-the-beast-20100223-ostu.html/ &quot;Beauty and the beast&quot;]. [[:en:The_Sydney_Morning_Herald|''The Sydney Morning Herald'']]. 2 November 2009. Archived from [http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/beauty-and-the-beast-20100223-ostu.html the original] on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206063315/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/a-motive-for-murder-20100223-osu1.html &quot;A motive for murder&quot;.] [[:en:The_Sydney_Morning_Herald|''The Sydney Morning Herald'']]. 2 November 2009. Archived from [http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/a-motive-for-murder-20100223-osu1.html the original] on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2011, o ne a nna le seabe mo filiming ya indie ya ''Lord of the Crows'',&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110619042558/http://www.encoremagazine.com.au/lord-of-the-crows-attract-gibson-guitars-8934 &quot;''Lord of the Crows'' attract Gibson Guitars&quot;]. ''Encore Magazine''. Focal Attractions. 14 June 2011. Archived from [http://www.encoremagazine.com.au/lord-of-the-crows-attract-gibson-guitars-8934 the original] on 19 June 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; le fa filimi eno e ne ya feleletsa e paletswe ke go kokoanya madi go tswa mo morafeng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/lord-of-the-crows-feature-film-promo#/ &quot;LORD OF THE CROWS - Feature Film Promo&quot;]. Indiegogo. 4 July 2011. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2012, o ne a tshameka karolo ya ga Heather mo ''[[Bait 3D]]'',&lt;ref&gt;[http://film-book.com/bait-2011-movie-trailer-poster-sharni-vinson-julian-mcmahon/ &quot;''Bait'' 2011 movie trailer, poster&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; le [[Delvene Delaney]] mo motseletseleng o monnye wa motshikhinyego wa botshelo jwa gagwe wa [[Channel 9]] wa ''[[Howzat! Kerry Packer's War]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Byrne, Fiona (12 May 2012). [http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/cariba-delves-into-delaney/story-e6frf96o-1226353439219 &quot;Cariba delves into her role as Delaney&quot;]. ''[[:en:Herald_Sun|Herald Sun]]''. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2016, Heine o ne a boeletsa seabe sa gagwe jaaka Rikki Chadwick mo dikarolong tse pedi tsa bofelo tsa motseletsele wa boraro wa ''[[Mako: Island of Secrets]]'', e leng se se tswang mo [[H2O: Just Add Water|''H2O: Just Add Water'']].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mermaid's Tale Double Take For Heine&quot;. ''The Gold Coast Bulletin''. 18 July 2015. p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka one ngwaga oo Heine o ne a na le seabe se segolo mo filiming e khutshwane ya ''How'd I Get in This Field'' e e neng ya bontshiwa la ntlha kwa Moletlong wa Difilimi o o Ikemetseng wa Massachusetts.

Heine o ne a nna leloko la batshameki ba ''Home and Away'' ka 2018 e le [[Ebony Harding]].&lt;ref&gt;Velk, Eliza (18 April 2018). [https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/who-is-the-home-and-away-stalker-ebony-39933700.html &quot;Why the new Home and Away stalker looks so familiar&quot;]. ''[[:en:Yahoo!|Yahoo! Lifestyle]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180418225521/https://au.be.yahoo.com/entertainment/tv/a/39933700/who-is-the-home-and-away-stalker-ebony/ Archived] from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2020, o ne a tlhagelela mo motseletseleng wa dibaesekopo tse di tlhabolang tsa ''[[The Secret She Keeps]]'' le [[Laura Carmichael]] le [[Jessica De Gouw]].&lt;ref&gt;Hadadi, Roxana. [https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-secrets-she-keeps-tv-review-2021 &quot;The Secrets She Keeps movie review (2021) | Roger Ebert&quot;]. ''www.rogerebert.com/''. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Allen, Ben (7 July 2020). [https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/culture/article/the-secrets-she-keeps-bbc-true-story &quot;Everything you need to know about BBC's The Secrets She Keeps&quot;]. ''British GQ''. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Heine o nyalane le mokapelo wa gagwe wa nako e telele Matt Pong ka Seetebosigo a le masome mabedi le bone ka 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Gibson, Kelsie (24 June 2024). [https://people.com/h2o-just-add-water-actress-cariba-heine-marries-matt-pong-italy-8673896 &quot;'H2O: Just Add Water' Star Cariba Heine Marries Matt Pong in Italy: 'We Did'&quot;]. ''Peoplemag''. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Sedimonthole a le masome mabedi 2024, Heine o ne a itsise gore o solofetse ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha.&lt;ref&gt;[https://people.com/h2o-just-add-water-star-cariba-heine-expecting-first-baby-with-husband-matt-pong-8764876 &quot;H2O: Just Add Water Star Cariba Heine Reveals She's Pregnant with First Baby: 'Pregnancy Is Hard Work'&quot;]. ''People.com''. 20 December 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tshola ngwana wa mosimane ka 2025.&lt;ref&gt;[https://people.com/cariba-heine-welcomes-first-baby-with-husband-matt-pong-11718988 &quot;'H20: Just Add Water' Star Cariba Heine Welcomes Her First Baby with Husband Matt Pong&quot;]. ''People.com''. Retrieved 21 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gaefalale Sebeso</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="4319" sha1="5pdre05lxo15i1j30c8qr8xoyy3uf3h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso|occupation=Rapolotiki|death_date=1992|birth_date=1908|term_start16=1965|term_end16=1989|office16=Leloko la Palamente ya Botswana|country16=Botswana|constituency_0=Tswapong Borwa|nationality=Motswana|party=Botswana Democratic Party]}}

'''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908–1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[Palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya Tswapong Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]].

[[Category:1908 matsalo]]
[[Category:1992 dintsho]]
[[Category:Boradipolotiki ba Botswana]]
[[Category:Maloko a Palamente ya Botswana]]
[[Category:Botswana Democratic Party]]

'''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908–1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[Palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya Tswapong Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]].

[[Category:1908 matsalo]]
[[Category:1992 dintsho]]
[[Category:Boradipolotiki ba Botswana]]
[[Category:Maloko a Palamente ya Botswana]]
[[Category:Botswana Democratic Party]]'''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908 - 1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya [[Tswapong]] Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic Party.]]

== Ka botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1908. Pele ga ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe, Sebeso e ne e le mogokgo wa sekolo sa [[Shoshong]]. O ne a gana go seegelwa kwa thoko ka nako ya ntwa, a bereka e le mmereki o eseng wa tiro e tona. morago ga ntwa, o nea  bereka mo lekgotleng la Sub-Africa, kwa [[Palapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1953 le kwa [[Mahalapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1964. Sebeso e e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a ntlha a [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic party]] mo dingwageng tsa 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (2018). &quot;Sebeso, Gaefalale Gaolebale &quot;G. G.&quot; (1908–1992)&quot;. ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=VslaDwAAQBAJ&amp;redir_esc=y Historical Dictionary of Botswana]'' (5th ed.). Rowman &amp; Littlefield. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1133-8|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-5381-1133-8&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la [[palamente ya ntlha ya Botswana]] go emela kgaolo ya Borwa jwa [[Tswapong]] ka ngwaga wa 1965, kwa a  neng a le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250520134653/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=7&amp;Itemid=167 First Parliament of Botswana&quot;]. ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 25 September 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a eme nokeng peo molao e e sa amaneng le botautona. O ne a isa tshutiso go nonotsha [[palamente ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1988, a supa fa e nyenyafaditswe go nna mo maemong a lephata le lebotlana.&lt;ref&gt;Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 &quot;The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana&quot;]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373.]&lt;/ref&gt; Tshutiso e ne ya seegelwa kwa thoko dingwaga di le lesome le bone pele ga setlhopha se diragatsa dikakantsho, tse di neng tsa ganiwa ke matona ka nako eo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250123203710/https://www.sundaystandard.info/from-khama-the-great-to-khama-the-robber%E2%94%ACaexecutive-corruption-in-botswana/ From Khama The Great to Khama The Robber:┬áExecutive Corruption in Botswana | Sunday Standard&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. 2018-03-18. Retrieved 25 September 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Sebeso o ne a ithola marapo mo palamenteng ka ngwaga wa 1989, o tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1908]]
[[Karolo:Dintsho tsa1992]]
[[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya Botswana]]
[[Karolo:Mopolotiki a Botswana]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kajal Bagwandeen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="7193" sha1="sfcvep6k3pd7j2ojxi714fzsizrqazw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Kajal Bagwandeen|birth_name=Kajal Bagwandeen|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1983|8|31}}|birth_place=[[Durban]], South Africa|resting place coordinates=&lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;|education=Ridge Park College|alma mater=[[KwaZulu-Natal University]]|occupation=Actress, Model, Dancer, Television presenter|years active=2004–present|height_m=158cm|spouse(s)=Quinton Singh|children=1}}

'''Kajal Bagwandeen''' (o tshotswe ka Phatwe a le masome mararo le motso, 1983), ke modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa, mmmabontle, sebini le mogasi wa thelebišene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Akwasi, Tiffany (30 September 2019). [https://briefly.co.za/37366-kajal-bagwandeen-biography-age-husband-wedding-sister-modelling-career-dance-movies-instagram.html &quot;Kajal Bagwandeen: details about the multi-talented actress&quot;]. ''Briefly''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O tumile thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo difiliming tsa ''Impunity'', ''3 Days to Go'' le mo metshamekong ya ''7de Laan'' le ''Isidingo: The Need''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211018190622/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=7592 &quot;Kajal Bagwandeen: TVSA&quot;]. www.tvsa.co.za. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211018180144/https://www.indianspice.co.za/2020/03/10/kajal-bagwandeen-baby-tips-with-aunty-shamilla/ &quot;Kajal Bagwandeen Baby Tips With 'Aunty Shamilla'&quot;]. ''IndianSpice''. 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://kdaniellesmedia.com/bCeCf &quot;My Journey To Success with Kajal Bagwandeen&quot;]. ''K Danielles Media''. 20 September 2018. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
O tshotswe ka Phatwe a le masome mararo le motso 1983 kwa Durban, Aforika Borwa e le yo mogolo mo lelwapeng. Go tloga ka 1997 go fitlha ka 2001, o ne a tsena sekolo kwa Kholetšheng ya Ridge Park. O na le barwadiarraagwe ba babedi ba babotlana. O weditse digerata ya gagwe ya B.com Honours mo go tsa Bobalamatlotlo, Boruni, Lekgetho le Botsamaisi jwa Matlole go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya KwaZulu-Natal]] ka 2005. Gape o katisitswe ka mefuta e le mentsi ya go bina kwa SA, India le UK.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ecr.co.za/news/entertainment/kajal-to-dance-with-bollywood-star/ &quot;Kajal to dance with Bollywood star&quot;]. ''ECR''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyalane le Quinton Singh mme banyalani ba ba na le ngwana a le mongwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2014-03-30-shopping-and-champers-appeal-to-the-well-heeled/ &quot;Shopping and champers appeal to the well heeled&quot;]. ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ==
Fa e sa le ka 1991 go ya go 2003, o ne a dira sentle thata mo Kathak ya bogologolo mmogo le go katisediwa go bina kwa Sekolong sa go Bina sa Nateshwar. O ne gape a tlhagelela mo setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego ya mmino wa pina ya bosetšhaba ya SABC2 ka 2003. Mme ka 2004, o ne a tsaya karolo mo kgaisanong ya Miss India SA mme moragonyana a dira filimi ya ntlha ya ''Bombay Duck'', e e neng ya gololwa ka nako ya Moletlo wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Difilimi wa Durban morago ka 2006. Fa go ntse jalo, o ne a simolola go dira jaaka mmabontle mo matsholong a mantsi a a farologaneng jaaka; McDonald's International. Mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a tsenngwa mo lenaaneng la batho ba le lesome le bobedi ba ba neng ba fitlha kwa makgaolakgannyeng mo &quot;kgaisanong ya Backstage Superstar&quot; ya e.tv.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ka 2006, o ne a dira le Chalo Cinema jaaka sefatlhego sa yone. Mo ngwageng o o latelang, o ne a dira karolo ya go bina kwa ''Chalo Cinema 3'' e e neng e bontshiwa kwa Emperor's Palace ka Ngwanaitseele a le masome mabedi le bosupa go ya go Sedimonthole a le malatsi mararo 2007 kwa Johannesburg. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka sebini se se gaisang se se tlhagogang ka nako ya kabo ya dietsele tsa KZN tsa dance-link.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ka 2008, o ne a nna leloko la batshameki ba motshameko o o tumileng wa SABC2 wa ''7de Laan'' mme a tshameka karolo ya &quot;Asha Sharma&quot; dingwaga di le dintsi. Ka 2009, o ne a tshameka karolo ya ketapele mo pontshong ya mmino wa Bollywood ya ''Bombay Crush'' e e neng e tlhagisiwa ke Anant Singh. Mme ka 2012, o ne a tlhagelela mo motshamekong wa ''Isidingo'' mo karolong ya &quot;Devina&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2013-08-02-kajal-bagwandeen-joins-isidingo/ &quot;Kajal Bagwandeen joins Isidingo&quot;]. ''SowetanLIVE''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ka 2014, o ne a tlhagelela mo Kabo dietseleng tsa Mmino wa Aforika tsa [[MTV]] tsa 2014. Ka 2017, o ne a tlhagelela mo motseletseleng o monnye wa thelebišene wa BET Network wa ''Madiba'' ka go tshameka karolo ya mogale wa ikgaratlhelo &quot;Amina Cachalia&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://mlasa.com/actors/kajal-bagwandeen/ &quot;Kajal Bagwandeen&quot;]. ''MLASA''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2019, o ne a tshameka mo filiming e e neng ya atlega thata ya ''3 Days to Go'' e e neng e kaelwa ke Bianca Isaac.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/kajal-bagwandeen-rahul-brijnath-and-bianca-isaac-on-family-feuds-and-fame-20190127 &quot;Kajal Bagwandeen, Rahul Brijnath and Bianca Isaac on family, feuds and fame&quot;]. ''Channel''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo filiming, o ne a tshameka karolo ya &quot;Amy&quot; mmogo le mokaedi wa badiragatsi, motlhagisi-mmogo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://kdaniellesmedia.com/c2pzs &quot;Kajal Bagwandeen Announces New Feature Film, 3 Days To Go&quot;]. ''K Danielles Media''. 16 October 2018. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka one ngwaga oo, o ne a tshameka karolo ya &quot;Vinaya the Villain&quot; mo motseletseleng o monnye wa ''The Indian Detective'' o o neng o gasiwa mo CTV le Netflix. Go sa le jalo, o ne a tlhoma kompone ya go tlhagisa le go dira &quot;Imagine Worx&quot; koo a neng a dira ditiro tsa tirisanommogo le &quot;EGG films&quot;, &quot;Oglivy&quot;, &quot;Fort&quot;, &quot;Christa Schamberger&quot;, &quot;Donavan Marsh&quot;, le &quot;BOMB Productions&quot;. O ne a dira jaaka mokaedi wa batshameki ba filimi ya nako eo ya ''Kings of Mulberry Street'' e e neng e kaelwa ke Judy Naidoo ka 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Jaaka mogasi wa thelebišene, o ne a tlhagisa lenaneo la SABC2 la ''Dharma Moments''. Morago ga moo o ne a tlhophiwa go ya kwa makgaolakgannyeng mo thulaganyong ya go batla mogasi wa ''Top Billing''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.topbilling.com/lifestyle/articles/Top-Billing-has-Durban-fun-with-Kajal-Bagwandeen.html?articleID=2372 &quot;Top Billing has Durban fun with Kajal Bagwandeen&quot;]. ''www.topbilling.com''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga moo o ne a nna leloko la setlhopha sa Eastern Mosaic jaaka mogasi wa bone yo mosha yo o fetogang go tloga ka 2008 go ya go 2013. Ka 2000, o ne a nna motshwari wa ''Mela'' go fitlha ka 2016. Kwa ntle ga moo, ke leloko la pele la boto le Mmamatlotlo wa Performing Arts Network of South Africa (PANSA) le ya kompone ya bodiragatsi &quot;Catalina Unlimited&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Jaaka sebui se se tlhotlheletsang, o ne a tshwara dipuisano tsa go ruta batho ka tsa madi le tsa go tlhotlheletsa khumo le Sanlam Wealthsmiths le Mokgatlho wa Sanlam. Gape ke mmueledi wa go fa diphologolo tse di namotsweng metse, go tshela ka tsela e e tswelelang pele le go ela tlhoko tikologo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
      <sha1>sfcvep6k3pd7j2ojxi714fzsizrqazw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jodi Balfour</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T08:50:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>51008</origin>
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      <text bytes="11764" sha1="crpnrcz56njgd2nsdy3l4wdjf8x8jjz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Jodi Balfour|image=Jodi Balfour (2019).jpg|image_upright=0.75|image caption=Balfour in 2019|birth_place=[[Cape Town]], South Africa|death_date=&lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --&gt;|education=[[University of Cape Town]]|occupation=Film and television actress|years active=2009–present|known for={{ubl|''[[Bomb Girls]]''|''[[Rellik (TV series)|Rellik]]''|''[[For All Mankind (TV series)|For All Mankind]]''|''[[Ted Lasso (TV series)|Ted Lasso]]''}}}}

'''Jodi Balfour''' ke modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa. O fentse sekgele sa Canadian Screen Award ka ntlha ya go tshameka jaaka Gladys Witham mo motseletseleng wa [[Bomb Girls|''Bomb Girls'']] (2012–2013). Fa e sa le ka nako eo o ntse a tshameka jaaka [[Ellen Waverly Wilson]] mo motseletseleng wa difilimi tsa [[Apple TV+]] tsa ''[[For All Mankind]]'' (2019–2023).

== Botshelo jwa pele le thuto ==
Jodi Balfour o goletse kwa [[Cape Town]], kwa Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Gentile, Petrina (31 January 2013). [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/culture/commuting/bomb-girl-loves-the-practicality-of-her-kia-rio/article8002745/ &quot;Bomb Girl loves the 'practicality' of her Kia Rio&quot;]. ''The Globe and Mail''. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025. &lt;q&gt;Age: 25&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

O ithutile drama kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cape Town|Yunibesithing ya]] [[Yunibesithing ya Cape Town|Cape Town]], a aloga ka 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tiro ==
Balfour o ne a fudugela kwa Canada go ya go dira, a tsaya dikarolo mo ''Sanctuary'' and ''Supernatural''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[http://www.andpop.com/2013/01/26/bomb-girls-jodi-balfour-talks-dancing-acting-like-a-woman-in-the-1940s-and-playing-the-ukulele/ &quot;Bomb Girls' Jodi Balfour talks dancing, acting like a woman in the 1940s and playing the ukulele&quot;] [https://web.archive.org/web/20171005202625/http://www.andpop.com/2013/01/26/bomb-girls-jodi-balfour-talks-dancing-acting-like-a-woman-in-the-1940s-and-playing-the-ukulele/ Archived] 5 October 2017 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]. ''[[:en:ANDPOP|ANDPOP]]'', 26 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

O ne a tlhophiwa go nna Gladys Witham mo motseletseleng wa drama ya thelebišene ya Canada ya ''[[Bomb Girls]]'' ka 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/tvreviews/2013/01/02/bomb_girls_meg_tilly_jodi_balfour_return_for_season_2_on_jan_2.html &quot;Bomb Girls: Meg Tilly, Jodi Balfour return for Season 2 on 2 Jan.&quot;]. ''[[:en:Toronto_Star|Toronto Star]]'', 2 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; O fentse sekgele sa [[Canadian Screen Award]] sa Modiragatsi yo o Gaisang mo Filiming ya Thelebišene kgotsa mo Difiliming tse dinnye kwa Kabo dietseleng tsa  [[Canadian Screen Awards tsa boraro]] ka 2015 ka ntlha ya go dira ga gagwe mo filiming ya thelebišene e e latelang ya motseletsele ono ya ''Bomb Girls: Facing the Enemy''.&lt;ref&gt;[http://globalnews.ca/news/1857400/orphan-black-mommy-seek-top-film-tv-prizes-at-canadian-screen-awards/ &quot;'Bomb Girls,' 'Vikings' early winners at Canadian Screen Awards&quot;]. [[:en:Global_News|Global News]], 1 March 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Tlhakole 2015, Balfour o ne a tsenngwa mo motseletseleng wa [[Cinemax]] wa ''[[Quarry]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/cinemax-orders-drama-quarry-to-series-1201421649/ &quot;Cinemax Orders Drama 'Quarry' to Series&quot;]. ''[[:en:Variety_(magazine)|Variety]]'', 2 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2019 go ya go 2023, o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng wa drama ya lefaufau ya [[Apple TV+]] ya ''[[For All Mankind]]''.

Ka 2017, o ne a tshameka karolo ya ga [[Jacqueline Kennedy]] mo kgaolong ya borobedi ya paka ya bobedi ya ''[[The Crown]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[[imdbname:3341156|&quot;Jodi Balfour | Actress, Producer, Writer&quot;]]. IMDb. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Moranang 2022, o ne a tsenngwa mo polelong ya kgwele ya dinao ya [[Apple TV+]] ya ''[[Ted Lasso]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Steves, Ashley (18 April 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221225065127/https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/ted-lasso-season-3-casts-jodi-balfour-75005/ &quot;Jodi Balfour Joins 'Ted Lasso' Season 3&quot;]. ''[[:en:Backstage_(magazine)|Backstage]]''.  from the original on 22 September 2024. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo filiming ya 2023 ya ''[[Freud's Last Session]]'', o ne a tshameka karolo ya mosekaseki wa tlhaloganyo wa Moamerika [[Dorothy Burlingham]], modirimmogo le molekane wa ga [[Anna Freud]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt20420628/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm &quot;Freud's Last Session (2023) - IMDb&quot;]. ''[[:en:IMDb|IMDb]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[go tlhokega motswedi o o botoka]]]&lt;/sup&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Balfour o ne a nna kwa [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], kwa Canada. Go tloga ka 2021 e ne e le mong-mmogo wa Nelson the Seagull, [[ntlo ya kofi]] le lebenkele la go apaya borotho mo tikologong ya [[Gastown]] ya toropo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cbc.ca/strombo/guests/jodi-balfour &quot;Guest: Jodi Balfour&quot;]. ''[[:en:George_Stroumboulopoulos_Tonight|George Stroumboulopoulos Tonight]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211104100139/https://www.cbc.ca/strombo/guests/jodi-balfour Archived] from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Seetebosigo a le masome mararo 2021, o ne a itsise mo [[Instagram]] gore o itlhaola e le motho yo o sa tlwaelesegang, a bolela gore o ne a bona go golola go &quot;atlarela le go sekaseka bo-queer jwa [gagwe] kwa bofelong.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Callahan, Chrissy (27 October 2021). [https://www.today.com/popculture/broad-city-star-abbi-jacobson-jodi-balfour-are-dating-t236284 &quot;'Broad City' star Abbi Jacobson reveals she's been dating Jodi Balfour for 1 year&quot;]. ''[[:en:Today_(American_TV_program)|Today]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220303024647/https://www.today.com/popculture/broad-city-star-abbi-jacobson-jodi-balfour-are-dating-t236284 Archived] from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka di Phalane a le masome mabedi le bone 2021, Balfour o ne a itsise mo Instagram gore ene le [[Abbi Jacobson]] ba na le ngwaga ba ratana.&lt;ref&gt;Rude, Mey (25 October 2021). [https://www.out.com/celebs/2021/10/25/abbi-jacobson-just-revealed-shes-been-dating-jodi-balfour-year &quot;Abbi Jacobson Just Revealed She's Been Dating Jodi Balfour For a Year&quot;]. ''[[:en:Out_(magazine)|Out]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211026014341/https://www.out.com/celebs/2021/10/25/abbi-jacobson-just-revealed-shes-been-dating-jodi-balfour-year Archived] from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ne ba nyalana kwa [[Brooklyn]], kwa [[New York]], ka 2023.&lt;ref&gt;Veitch, Mara (5 June 2024). [https://www.culturedmag.com/article/2024/06/05/wedding-pictures-abbi-jacobson-jodi-balfour-summer &quot;Abbi Jacobson and Jodi Balfour 's Wedding Was an Ode to Total, Unscripted Togetherness. Look Inside Their Raucous Brooklyn Festivities&quot;]. ''Culture Magazine''. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bodiragatsi ==

=== Filimi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Setlhogo
!Karolo
!Dinopolo
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011
|''[[:en:Vampire_(2011_film)|Vampire]]''
|Michaela
|
|-
|''[[:en:Final_Destination_5|Final Destination 5]]''
|Woman
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2013
|''A Ghost Within''
|Hanna / Abby
|E khutshwane
|-
|''[[:en:The_Husband_(film)|The Husband]]''
|Claire
|
|-
|''Afterparty''
|Karen
|Also producer
|-
|''Waterloo''
|Molly Mckenzie
|E khutshwane
|-
|2014
|''Valentines Day''
|Molly
|E khutshwane
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2015
|''Unearthing''
|Fisher Hart
|
|-
|''[[:en:Eadweard_(film)|Eadweard]]''
|Mary
|
|-
|''Almost Anything''
|Beans
|Also executive producer
|-
|2019
|''[[:en:The_Rest_of_Us_(film)|The Rest of Us]]''
|Rachel
|
|-
|2023
|''[[:en:Freud's_Last_Session|Freud's Last Session]]''
|[[Dorothy Burlingham]]
|&lt;ref&gt;Damante, Becca (8 June 2023). [https://news.yahoo.com/jodi-balfour-power-queer-storytelling-190006523.html &quot;Jodi Balfour and the Power of Queer Storytelling&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Advocate_(magazine)|The Advocate]]'' – via [[:en:Yahoo!_News|Yahoo! News]].&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Thelebishene ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Setlhogo
!Karolo
!Dinopolo
|-
|2009
|''[[:en:The_Philanthropist_(TV_series)|The Philanthropist]]''
|Concierge
|Episode: &quot;San Diego&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2010
|''[[Congo]] [&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[:de:Kongo_(2010)|de]]]''
|Johanna Wenz
|TV film
|-
|''[[:en:Tower_Prep|Tower Prep]]''
|Emily Wright
|2 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2011
|''[[:en:The_Sinking_of_the_Laconia|The Sinking of the Laconia]]''
|Sarah Fullwood
|TV miniseries
|-
|''[[:en:R._L._Stine's_The_Haunting_Hour:_The_Series|R. L. Stine's The Haunting Hour: The Series]]''
|Priscilla
|Episode: &quot;Nightmare Inn&quot;
|-
|''[[:en:Supernatural_(U.S._TV_series)|Supernatural]]''
|Melissa
|Episode: &quot;Like a Virgin&quot;
|-
|''[[:en:V_(2009_TV_series)|V]]''
|V Greeter
|Episode: &quot;Uneasy Lies the Head&quot;
|-
|''[[:en:Sanctuary_(Canadian_TV_series)|Sanctuary]]''
|Terry
|Episode: &quot;Icebreaker&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2012–2013
|''[[:en:Primeval:_New_World|Primeval: New World]]''
|Samantha Sedaris
|3 episodes
|-
|''[[:en:Bomb_Girls|Bomb Girls]]''
|Gladys Witham
|Main role
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014
|''[[:en:The_Best_Laid_Plans_(TV_series)|The Best Laid Plans]]''
|Lindsay Dewar
|TV miniseries
|-
|''[[:en:Bomb_Girls#Bomb_Girls:_Facing_the_Enemy|Bomb Girls: Facing the Enemy]]''
|Gladys Witham
|TV film
|-
|2016
|''[[:en:Quarry_(TV_series)|Quarry]]''
|Joni Conway
|Main role
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''[[:en:Rellik_(TV_series)|Rellik]]''
|DI Elaine Shepard
|Main role
|-
|''[[:en:The_Crown_(TV_series)|The Crown]]''
|[[Jackie Kennedy]]
|Episode: &quot;Dear Mrs. Kennedy&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://deadline.com/2017/02/the-crown-cast-michael-c-hall-jodi-balfour-kennedy-matthew-goode-netflix-1201906364/ &quot;The Crown Adds Michael C. Hall &amp; Jodi Balfour as Jack &amp; Jackie Kennedy&quot;]. ''Deadline'', 9 February 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|''[[:en:True_Detective|True Detective]]''
|Lori
|3 episodes
|-
|2019–2023
|''[[:en:For_All_Mankind_(TV_series)|For All Mankind]]''
|[[Ellen Waverly / Wilson]]
|Main role (seasons 1–3), guest (season 4)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-102819a-for-all-mankind-apple-tv.html &quot;'For All Mankind' to launch alternate space race on Apple TV+&quot;]. ''collectSPACE''. 28 October 2019. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|''[[:en:Ted_Lasso|Ted Lasso]]''
|Jack Danvers
|4 episodes
|}

=== Sethala ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Setlhogo
!Karolo
!Lefelo
!Dinopolo
|-
|2025
|''Lowcountry''
|Tally
|[[Atlantic Theater Company]]
|
|}

== Dietsele le ditlhopho ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Association
!Setlhopha
!Tiro e e tlhophilweng
!Maduo
|-
|2013
|[[Leo Awards]]
|Tiragatso e e Gaisang ya Mosadi mo Motseletseleng wa Drama&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.leoawards.com/past_winners/pdf/2013.pdf &quot;2013 nominees&quot;] (PDF). ''leoawards.com''. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Bomb Girls''
|O tlhophilwe
|-
|2014
|[[Canadian Filmmakers' Festival]]
|Setlhopha se se gaisang (a e pataganetse  le Graham Coffeng, [[Ali Liebert]], Nicholas Carella, [[Peter Benson]], David Milchard, Erica Carroll, Christina Sicoli, le [[Emma Lahana]])
|''Afterparty''
|O fentse
|-
|2015
|[[Canadian Screen Awards]]
|Tiragatso e e Gaisang tsotlhe ya Modiragatsi mo Seabeng sa Boeteledipele mo Thulaganyong ya Drama kgotsa Motseletsele wa Difilimi tse dinnye&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161114004425/http://www.academy.ca/About-the-Academy/Awards-Database?flow=titleYear&amp;step=2&amp;byty-award-v=0&amp;byty-winners-v=False&amp;byty-title-v=Bomb+Girls&amp;byty-year-v=0 &quot;awards database&quot;]. ''academy.ca''. Archived from [http://www.academy.ca/About-the-Academy/Awards-Database?flow=titleYear&amp;step=2&amp;byty-award-v=0&amp;byty-winners-v=False&amp;byty-title-v=Bomb+Girls&amp;byty-year-v=0 the original] on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 29 Lwetse 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Bomb Girls: Facing the Enemy''
|O fentse
|}

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]]</text>
      <sha1>crpnrcz56njgd2nsdy3l4wdjf8x8jjz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lakhvinder Singh Walia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11114</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51030</id>
      <parentid>47402</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T10:17:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 10 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>51030</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15592" sha1="7k70v0a9dp23jhuxnn0pwdjq42ax1ky" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Lakhvinder Singh Walia|office=Moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo (Botswana)]].|termstart=2017|office2=Motshwarelela Moatlhodimogolo wa [[Kgotlatshekelokgolo (Botswana)]] kwa [[Gaborone]]|term_end2=2014|term_start2=2014|citizenship=[[Botswana]]|nationality=Botswanian|occupation=[[moatlhudi]]|honorific-prefix=Motlotlegi. Tshiamiso}}

'''Moatlhodi Lakhwinder Singh Walia''' e ne e le moatlhodi wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa kwa Botswana yo o neng a direla jaaka Moatlhodimogolo wa [[Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo ya Botswana]]. O ne a direla jaaka [[moatlhodi wa Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]] ya [[Botswana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Motlhoka, Thobo (24 August 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250605234207/https://www.sundaystandard.info/justice-walias-contract-extension-raises-eyebrows/ &quot;Justice Walia's contract extension raises eyebrows | Sunday Standard&quot;]. Retrieved 30-09- 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Keleboge, Mpho (31 January 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20260120083235/https://www.sundaystandard.info/criminal-investigations-against-justice-walia-ongoing/ &quot;Criminal investigations against Justice Walia ongoing | Sunday Standard&quot;]. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;News.gov, Daily (12 June 2024). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/80063 &quot;COURT OF APPEAL DISMISSES KOBATI APPEAL&quot;]. ''DailyNews gov.bw''. Retrieved 30 -09- 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Admin (15 March 2018). [https://www.thegazette.news/news/khama-case-with-former-magistrate-set-for-month-end/ &quot;Khama Case with Former Magistrate Set for Month End&quot;]. ''Botswana Gazette''. Retrieved 30 -09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele ==
O tsholetswe mo lelapeng la [[Ba-Sikh]] ba ba [[tswang kwa India]]. O na le morwarraagwe yo o bidiwang Satvinder Singh Walia yo e leng mong wa Engen Truck Inn, e leng lefelo la go tlamelwa. Pele ga moo, Walia o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi mo komponeng ya gagwe e e ikemetseng ka nosi. Pele a dira mo dikgotlatshekelo, Walia o ne a dira jaaka mmueledi wa moe ma nosi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Attorney-turned-judge+has+courted+controversy+since+1980.-a0760653391 &quot;Attorney-turned-judge has courted controversy since 1980. - Free Online Library&quot;]. ''www.thefreelibrary.com''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.hcigaborone.gov.in/event_detail/?eventid=103 &quot;High Commission of India, Gaborone, Botswana : Events/Photo Gallery&quot;]. ''www.hcigaborone.gov.in''. Retrieved 30 -09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250708115540/https://www.sundaystandard.info/walia-could-retire-before-suspended-judgesoco-case-is-over/ &quot;Walia could retire before suspended judges' case is over | Sunday Standard&quot;]. 11 December 2016. Retrieved 30-09- 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ==
Walia o simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya boatlhodi ka Moranang 2001 fa a ne a tlhophiwa go nna Moatlhodi wa Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Gape, go simolola ka August 2002, o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Moatlhodi wa nakwana. O ne a tlhophiwa jaaka moatlhodi wa Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo ka Ferikgong 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;News.gov.bw, Daily. [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/37887 &quot;Chief Justice happy with progress&quot;]. ''DailyNews.gov.bw''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

O kile a dira jaaka moatlhodi wa [[Kgotlakgolo ya Ditsheko]] ya Botswana kwa [[Lobatse]] le kwa [[Gaborone]].&lt;ref&gt;Writer, Chandapiwa Baputaki

Staff (21 February 2011). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/bofepusu-fails-to-overturn-its-deregistration/news &quot;BOFEPUSU fails to overturn its deregistration&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne gape a dira jaaka Moatlhodimogolo wa Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo ka nakonyana e khutshwane.&lt;ref&gt;.gov.bw, The Justice. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220628160313/https://www.justice.gov.bw/sites/default/files/Tsa%20Boatlhodi%20Newsletter%20Vol%201.%20Issue%202.pdf &quot;Newsletter Vol...&quot;] (PDF). ''Justice.gov.bw''. Retrieved 30-09- 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tshwanetse go tlogela tiro ka Sedimonthole 31, 2016 fa a fitlha dingwaga tsa go tlogela tiro a le 70. Kwa tshimologong, tumalano ya gagwe e ne ya atolosiwa ke puso ka dikgwedi di le thataro tse di neng tsa mo letla go wetsa dikgetsi tsa gagwe. O ne a direla jaaka moatlhodi wa Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo ka dingwaga di ka nna lesome le botlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Morago ga moo, o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka moatlhodi wa Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya Botswana ka 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Mosikare, Oarabile (18 November 2016). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/four-attorneys-listed-for-walias-post/news &quot;Four attorneys listed for Walia's post&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/justice-singh-walia-joins-court-of-appeal-next-month &quot;Justice Singh Walia joins Court of Appeal next month&quot;]. ''Guardian Sun''. 20 June 2017. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Katoloso ya konteraka ==
Ka 2017, go atolosiwa ga konteraka ya ga Walia go ne ga baka tlhakatlhakano mo lefatsheng lotlhe morago ga go tlhophiwa go nna mo Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo. O ne a setse a le mo dingwageng tsa go rola tiro, mme o ne a atolosiwa tiro eno ka ntlha ya maitemogelo a gagwe a go nna moatlhodi. E ne ya buisanelwa gape kwa [[Palamente ya Botswana|Palamenteng ya Botswana]] le Tona ya [[Tshireletso, Bosiamisi le Tshireletsego]] [[Shaw Kgathi]] a bua ka yone.&lt;ref&gt;Mosikare, Oarabile (3 March 2017). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/parley-to-scrutinise-dibotelo-walia-contract-extensions/news &quot;Parley to scrutinise Dibotelo, Walia contract extensions&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Konteraka ya gagwe e ne ya atolosiwa gape ka 2020 e e neng ya baka dipuisano tse di anameng le go tshwaiwa diphoso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Dikganetsano ==
Moatlhodi Walia le [[tautona wa Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo]] [[Tebogo Tau]] ba ne ba begelwa kwa [[Bokaeding jwa tshenyesto sechaba le borukutlhi jwa Itsholelo]] ke motlhotlhomisi mo kgetsing e e neng e ama [[polokelo ya  Stanbic]] , Hollard Insurance Botswana le Bothati jwa Taolo ya Ditheo tsa Matlole tse e seng tsa polokelo (NBFIRA).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Mokwena, Nicholas (21 July 2023). [https://guardiansun.co.bw/news/justices-tau-walia-reported-to-chief-justice/news &quot;Justices Tau, Walia reported to Chief Justice&quot;]. ''Guardian Sun''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Dikganetsano tse dingwe di akaretsa thulano ya dikgatlhego mo kgetsing le go begelwa Moatlhodimogolo ka ntlha ya dikatlholo le ditshwaelo tsa gagwe tse di bakileng tlhakatlhakano e e anameng. Dikakgelo tsa gagwe mo kgetseng nngwe di ne tsa sirelediwa ke mmueledi mogolo wa puso  yo o neng a latofatsa Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang ka go sokamisa dikakgelo tsa moatlhodi yo mongwe jaaka tsa ga Walia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mokwape, Mpho (17 February 2025). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/high-court-twisted-walias-statement-state/news &quot;High Court twisted Walia's statement-State&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Piet, Bame (25 July 2023). [https://thevoicebw.com/infotrac-wants-judges-replaced/ &quot;Infotrac wants judges replaced » TheVoiceBW&quot;]. ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://allafrica.com/stories/202001090052.html &quot;Botswana: Election Appeals January 29&quot;]. ''allAfrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200110134419/https://allafrica.com/stories/202001090052.html Archived] from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mokwena, Nicholas (21 July 2023). [https://guardiansun.co.bw/news/judge-walias-woes-continue/news &quot;Judge Walia's woes continue&quot;]. ''Guardian Sun''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Reporter, Sunday Standard (23 March 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250606023515/https://www.sundaystandard.info/dcec-investigating-conflict-of-interest-allegations-against-court-of-appeal-judge/ &quot;DCEC investigating conflict-of-interest allegations against Court of Appeal judge | Sunday Standard&quot;]. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikatlholo tse di tlhomologileng ==
O ne a eteletse pele kgetsi e e amanang le puso ya Botswana e e neng e tshwere batho ba morafe wa Ba-Bushmen ka tsela e e sa siamang, ba gape ba itsegeng e le [[Basarwa|batho ba San]]. O ne a kopa puso go phepafatsa melawana ya metsi le morafe wa Ba-Bushmen go tlhalosa selekanyo sa metsi a a tlhokegang go tswa mo sedibeng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jurist.org/news/2010/07/botswana-high-court-rules-against-water-rights-for-bushmen/ &quot;Botswana high court rules against water rights for Bushmen&quot;]. ''www.jurist.org''. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Staff Reporter (28 January 2011). [https://mg.co.za/article/2011-01-28-kalahari-bushmen-win-appeal/ &quot;Kalahari Bushmen win appeal&quot;]. ''The Mail &amp; Guardian''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo le dikakgelo tsa gagwe ka ga kgetse di ne tsa tshwaiwa diphoso ka gore di ne di le mo letlhakoreng la puso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;International, Survival. [https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/6925 &quot;Victory for Kalahari Bushmen as court grants right to water&quot;]. ''www.survivalinternational.org''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kgetsi eno e ne e amana le go epiwa ga sediba go bona metsi mo lefelong la [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve]] ke morafe wa Ba-Bushmen. Puso e ne ya se ka ya letlelela seo mme ya kopa batho ba morafe go fuduga fa ba sena go bona diteemane kwa Kalahari Game Reserve.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12300290 &quot;Kalahari Bushmen in 'remarkable' legal victory&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Moragonyana, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya sutlha tshwetso e mme ya neela katlholo e e neng ya akgolwa lefatshe ka bophara go thusa morafe wa Ba-Bushmen ka 2011.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/Kalahari-bushmens-legal-victory/article15539838.ece &quot;Kalahari bushmen's legal victory&quot;]. ''The Hindu''. 30 January 2011. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0971-751X 0971-751X]. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250605230012/https://justconservation.org/victory-for-kalahari-bushmen-as-court-grants-right-to-water-(and-more-from-wikileaks) &quot;Victory for Kalahari Bushmen as court grants right to water (and more from Wikileaks)&quot;]. ''Just Conservation''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2011, e ne e le moatlhodi mo kgetsing ya moagi wa Amerika, ngaka ya diphologolo, Dr. Clay Wilson.&lt;ref&gt;Writer, Isaiah Morewagae

Staff (28 November 2011). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/unwanted-man-gets-respite/news &quot;Unwanted Man gets Respite&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30 -09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Wilson o ne a ya kwa kgotlatshekelong e e kwa godimo kgatlhanong le go tsena ga ga tautona Ian mo tsamaisong ya bosiamisi le dikakgelo tsa gagwe. Tautona Ian o ne a bolela gore ke moagi yo o sa letlelelwang. Walia o ne a ntsha katlholo ya gagwe kgatlhanong le Wilson mme a gatelela gore o tshwanetse go boela gae.&lt;ref&gt;MOREWAGAE, ISAIAH (1 December 2011). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/yes-wilson-must-go-justice-walia/news &quot;Yes, Wilson must go- Justice Walia&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30 -09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wilson o ne a bolela gore seno se ne se amana le taletso e e neng ya sutlhiwa ke Lephata la Tikologo kwantle ga go ntsha lebaka. Visa ya gagwe le yone e ne ya sutlhiwa, mme o ne a tshwanetse go busediwa kwa lefatsheng la gaabo. Go rarabolola kgang eno, o ne a ya go kopana le mokwaledi wa tautona mme a ntse a tsamayatsamaya mo kamoreng nngwe le nngwe a batla mokwaledi. Mo kamoreng e nngwe, e a neng a e tlhalosa jaaka ntlwana ya boithomelo, o ne a kopana le tautona mme a tshwarwa ke batlhokomedi ba gagwe ba ba neng ba baka tlhakatlhakano e e oketsegileng e e neng ya dira gore a lelekwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/deported-doctor-s-unanswered-questions &quot;Deported doctor's unanswered questions&quot;]. ''Guardian Sun''. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 30 -09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250606015232/https://www.sundaystandard.info/khama-kicks-out-celebrity-american-surgeon/ &quot;Khama kicks out celebrity American surgeon | Sunday Standard&quot;]. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Moragonyana, tautona o ne a ganela ditatofatso tse ka ga gagwe tse di dirileng gore Wilson a lelekwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250605230031/https://www.sundaystandard.info/tshekedi-khama-denies-causing-veterinarianocos-deportation/ &quot;Tshekedi Khama denies causing veterinarian's deportation | Sunday Standard&quot;]. 5 December 2011. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2020, Walia o ne a fetola tshwetso ya Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang ya go se reetse boikuelo jwa Umbrella for Democratic Change ka ga go sa siama ga ditlhopho. O ne a letlelela kganetso go ikuela kgatlhanong le dipholo tsa ditlhopho kwa Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250605230031/https://www.sundaystandard.info/tshekedi-khama-denies-causing-veterinarianocos-deportation/ &quot;Botswana opposition wins right to challenge election result&quot;]. ''France 24''. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a bolela fa kgetse ya boikuelo ya UDC e utlwala.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/justice-walia-says-udc-has-reasonable-appeal-cases/news &quot;Botswana opposition wins right to challenge election result&quot;]. ''France 24''. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/botswana-opposition-wins-right-to-challenge-election-result-20200108 &quot;Botswana opposition wins right to challenge election result&quot;]. ''News24''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;AfricaNews (9 January 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250806205250/https://www.africanews.com/2020/01/09/botswana-court-to-adjudicate-2019-election-petition-case/ &quot;Botswana court to adjudicate 2019 election petition case&quot;]. ''Africanews''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Moragonyana, o ne a le mo gare ga baatlhodi ba ba neng ba reetsa kgetsi kgatlhanong le tautona wa maloba Ian Khama. Walia le baatlhodi ba bangwe ba ne ba sa itumelele go nna le seabe ga lephateng la ditlhatlhobo la setšhaba le le neng la bolela fa Khama e le matshosetsi mo tshireletsong ya bosetšhaba. Walia o ne a botsa gape le go tshwaya phoso lephata la ditsotsi la Botswana,Bokaedi jwa Botlhale le Tshireletso  le tiro ya bone mo kgetseng kgatlhanong le Khama yo o neng a bitsa ditatofatso kgatlhanong le ene jaaka tse di itlhametsweng.&lt;ref&gt;mozambique. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241228215455/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/botswanas-ex-president-ian-khama-dismisses-charges-as-fabricated-214959/ &quot;Botswana's ex-president Ian Khama dismisses charges as fabricated&quot;]. ''Mozambique''. Retrieved 30 -09- 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mokwape, Mpho (6 September 2022). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/dis-escapes-punishment-for-lying-against-khama/news &quot;DIS escapes punishment for 'lying' against Khama&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Reporter, Sunday Standard (21 November 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250606004844/https://www.sundaystandard.info/dis-didnt-prove-how-khama-is-a-national-security-threat-coa/ &quot;DIS didn't prove how Khama is a national security threat – CoA | Sunday Standard&quot;]. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ontebetse, Khonani (16 July 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250715210934/https://www.sundaystandard.info/state-refuses-to-hand-over-khamas-official-residence/ &quot;State refuses to hand over Khama's official residence | Sunday Standard&quot;]. Retrieved 30-09- 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mokwape, Mpho (28 November 2022). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/khama-was-a-security-threat-garekwe/news &quot;Khama was a security threat – Garekwe&quot;]. ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 30-09-2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona gape ==

* [[:en:Court_of_Appeal_(Botswana)|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo (Botswana)]] 

* [[:en:Indians_in_Botswana|Baindia kwa Botswana]]

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gaba Cannal</title>
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      <text bytes="7589" sha1="mim91i1of9gb4sqzbans9vzmlmx71h3" xml:space="preserve">'''Khaka Yena''', yo o itsiweng gantsi ka leina la gagwe la serala la '''Gaba Canal''', ke motlhagisi wa mmino wa Aforika Borwa le DJ. Go tlhagisiwa ga gagwe ga mmino go itsege ka [[:en:Soulful_house|Soulful house]] a tsenya [[:en:Amapiano|Amapiano.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/icymi-gaba-cannal-blurs-the-lines-even-further-with-new-project-amapiano-legacy/ &quot;ICYMI: Gaba Cannal Blurs The Lines Even Further With New Project 'Amapiano Legacy'&quot;.] ''Zkhiphani''. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;Leina la gagwe &quot;Gaba Canal&quot; fa a ranolelwa ka [[:en:Portuguese_language|Sepotokisi]], le raya &quot;let it be&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220706172106/https://www.bestbeats.tv/gaba-cannal-with-ur-lunchtymmix-on-bestbeatstv/ &quot;Gaba Cannal with ur #LunchTymMix on BestBeatsTv&quot;.] ''bestbeats.tv''. Retrieved 27 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Infobox musical artist|Name=Gaba Cannal|Birth_name=Khaka Yena|birth_place=[[Daveyton]], South Africa|Origin=[[Eastern Cape]], South Africa|Genre={{flatlist|
* [[House Music|House]]
* [[Amapiano]]}}|Occupations={{flatlist|
* Record producer
* DJ}}|instruments=Piano, keyboard, vocals|Years_active=2015–present|Label=Gaba Cannal Music Pty-Ltd|Associated_acts={{hlist|[[Busiswa]]|Zeno|[[Oskido]]|Freddy Gwala|Mzambiya| Blaklez|[[Mlindo the Vocalist]]|Cama Gwini|Red Botton}}}}

== Botshelo jwa pele le Dithutego ==
Gaba Cannal o tsholetswe kwa [[Daveyton]], Gauteng mme moragonyana o ne a fudugela kwa botlhaba jwa [[Johannesburg]], kwa a neng a wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa sekolo kwa a neng a tsenelela mo go tlhagiseng mmino.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/new-music-alert-gaba-cannal-drops-two-eps-in-one-night/ &quot;NEW MUSIC ALERT: Gaba Cannal Drops Two EP's In One Night&quot;]. ''Zkhiphani''. Retrieved 27 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;O Ithutile kwa Sekolong sa Bokeresete sa Siyalakha mme moragonyana a fudugela kwa botlhaba jwa Johannesburg kwa a goletseng teng mme a fetsa kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Fumana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele ==
O simolotse go tlhagisa mmino a le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabedi mme a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya mmino e le motlhagisi wa mmino wa hip hop le moletsi wa piano.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2019-05-28-intoxicating-new-genre-is-here-to-stay/ &quot;Intoxicating new genre is here to stay&quot;.] ''Sowetan Live''. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;Ka 2014, o ne a golola [[:en:Extended_play|EP]] ya gagwe e e bidiwang, Abundance e e neng ya mo bulela ditsela mo intasetering mme ka one ngwaga oo o ne a tlhama letshwao la gagwe le le ikemetseng la direkoto, Gaba Cannal Music Pty-Ltd.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190518144042/https://onenationmusic.com/gaba-cannal/ &quot;House Music Artist:Gaba Cannal&quot;.] ''onenationmusic.com''. Archived from [https://onenationmusic.com/gaba-cannal/ the original] on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2018, o ne a tlhagelela mo pineng e le nngwe ya Magic ya ga Da Kruk, e e neng ya tlhophiwa mo Dikabong tsa Mmino tsa Aforika Borwa tsa 2018, tsa Rekoto e e Gaisang ya Ngwaga ya Mmino wa Ka fa Tlase ga Lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/black-coffee-distruction-boyz-lead-dance-music-awards-nominations-16774648 &quot;Black Coffee, Distruction Boyz lead Dance Music Awards nominations&quot;.] ''iol.co.za''. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2020, o ne a dirisana le seopedi sa Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Busiswa|Busiswa]] mo pineng ya gagwe e le nngwe ya Umhlaba Wonke.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.okayafrica.com/gaba-cannal-busiswa-umhlaba-wonke/ &quot;Gaba Cannal Enlists Busiswa in New Amapiano Banger 'Umhlaba Wonke'&quot;]. ''Okay Africa''. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;Ka one ngwaga oo, o ne a golola alebamo ya gagwe, Amapiano Legacy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Ka Phatwe 2020, pina ya gagwe e le nngwe ya Hold On e ne ya nna mo maemong a bo 10 mo Tšhateng ya Mmino wa SA House wa [[:en:Good_Hope_FM|Good Hope FM]] wa Top 10.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/sabc/home/goodhopefm/charts/details?id=37db9bd9-39b2-48d2-8def-418506dfe830&amp;title=SA%20House%20Chart &quot;SA House Chart&quot;.] ''goodhopefm.co.za''. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

O kile a diragatsa mo seraleng mmogo le diopedi tsa mo gae jaaka [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vinny_Da_Vinci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1 Vinny Da Vinci], DJ Ganyani, Nastee Nev, [[:en:DJ_Clock|DJ Clock]], LinQ, MFR Souls, Giggs Superstar, KoJo Akusa, Mzee, Julian Gomes, Javaman, The Brawl, Noxolo, Mobi Dixon, Jenerik Tokzen D Christ, jaaka ditiro tsa boditšhabatšhaba jaaka Ralf Gum, Andy Campton le [[:en:Nick_Holder|Nick Holder]] mme gape ba ne ba etela dinaga di sele jaaka [[:en:Eswatini|Eswatini.]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250121195353/http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=14119 &quot;URBAN ENTERTAINMENT TO BRING THREE TOURS IN ESWATINI&quot;]. ''Swazi Observer''. Archived from [http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=14119 the original] on 21 January 2025. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka di 25 Ngwanatseele 2020, o ne a senola letlha la go gololwa ga alebamo ya gagwe e e tlang ya Statement le botaki jwa semmuso jwa khabara ya porojeke eno.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201125113350/https://www.ubetoo.com/news/gaba-cannal-shares-upcoming-statement-album-artwork-release-date/ &quot;GABA CANNAL SHARES UPCOMING &quot;STATEMENT&quot; ALBUM ARTWORK &amp; RELEASE DATE&quot;]. ''ubetoo.com''. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikabo le ditlhopo ==
Ka 2018 mmino wa gagwe one wa tlhophiwa mo Diawateng tsa Mmino wa Motantsho wa Aforika Borwa mo Rekotong e e Gaisang ya Ngwaga.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201129212104/https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/local-celebrities/and-the-dance-music-award-nominees-are/ &quot;And The Dance Music Award Nominees Are!&quot;]. ''People Magazine''. Archived from [https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/local-celebrities/and-the-dance-music-award-nominees-are/ the original] on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmino ==

* ''Abundance EP'' (2014)
* ''Between Emotions EP'' (2018)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* ''Injabulo EP'' (2018)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* ''Suit And Tie II EP'' (2019)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/amapiano-aficionado-gaba-cannal-drops-a-second-installment-of-suit-and-tie-ep/ &quot;Amapiano Aficionado Gaba Cannal Drops A Second Installment Of Suit And Tie EP&quot;.] ''Zkhiphani''. Retrieved 27 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Amapiano Love Affair'' (2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/gaba-cannal-and-zano-finally-release-their-joined-ep-amapiano-love-affair/ &quot;Gaba Cannal And Zano Finally Release Their Joined EP Amapiano Love Affair&quot;]. ''Zkhiphani''. Retrieved 27 November 2020&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Amapiano Legacy'' (2020)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''Suit &amp; Tie Episode III EP'' (2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ubetoo.com/news/gaba-cannal-releases-the-suit-tie-episode-iii-ep/ &quot;GABA CANNAL RELEASES THE &quot;SUIT &amp; TIE EPISODE III&quot; EP&quot;]. ''ubetoo.com''. Retrieved 27 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Great I Am'' (2020)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ubetoo.com/music/gaba-cannal-premieres-great-i-am-album/ &quot;GABA CANNAL PREMIERES GREAT I AM ALBUM&quot;.] ''ubetoo.com''. Retrieved 27 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Visionary Episode 1'' (2021)
* ''Agape'' (2022)
* ''Deepest Gratitude'' (2022)
* ''Thetha Nabo Mfundisi'' (2023)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250121195414/https://slikouronlife.co.za/blog/25866/gaba-cannal-drops-new-album-thetha-nabo-mfundisi &quot;Gaba Cannal Drops New Album 'Thetha Nabo Mfundisi'&quot;.] ''slikouronlife.co.za''. Retrieved 5 May 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tse di kwa ntle ==

* [https://www.instagram.com/realgabacannal/ Gaba Cannal] mo [https://www.instagram.com/realgabacannal/ Instagram]

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Goabaone Taylor</title>
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      <text bytes="4171" sha1="dm9r84yrdi6hk7ma42z7dt581esidpz" xml:space="preserve">'''Goabaone Taylor''' (ka dinako tse dingwe o bidiwa '''Goabaone G.Taylor''') ke Mokhuduthamaga wa Kgwebo le Motsamaisi wa Metshameko wa Motswana yo o neng a dira jaaka mokhuduthamaga wa Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Botswana magareng ga Moranang le Sedimonthole 2021. O ne a nna mo maemong ano go tloga di 1 Moranang 2021 mme seno sa dira gore e nne motlhankedi wa ntlha wa mokgatlho ono ka 1966.&lt;ref&gt;Mnkandhla, Thando (8 April 2021)[https://web.archive.org/web/20210727080758/https://southerntimesafrica.com/bfa-appoints-first-female-ceo/ . &quot;BFA appoints first female CEO&quot;]. ''The Southern Times''. Retrieved 14 March 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Infobox person|alma mater=[[University of Botswana]] &lt;br&gt; [[Stellenbosch University]] &lt;br&gt; [[Botswana Accountancy College]] &lt;br&gt; [[University of Cape Town]] (UCT)|nationality=Motswana|spouse(s)=Paul Treston Taylor (until death in 2021)|occupation=Commercial Executive, sports administrator}}

== Botshelo jwa pele le thuto ==
Ka ngwaga wa 2002, Taylor o ne a aloga kwa [[:en:University_of_Botswana|Yunibesithing ya Botswana(UB)]] ka dikirii ya ntlha ya [[:en:Business_administration|Business Administration]] a itebagantse le Marketing. Ka Motsheganong 2015, e ne e le moalogi wa Lenaneo la Tlhabololo ya Botsamaisi jo Bogolo go tswa kwa [[:en:Stellenbosch_University|Yunibesithing ya Stellenbosch]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211128230625/http://www.bfa.co.bw/2121/bfa-appoints-mrs-taylor-as-new-ceo/ &quot;BFA Appoints Mrs. Taylor as New CEO&quot;]. ''Botswana Football Association''. 2 April 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2022&lt;/ref&gt; Gape o na le dilaesense le disetifikeiti di le mmalwa tsa seporofešenale jaaka tsa Botsamaisi jwa Dikotsi tsa Kgwebo go tswa kwa Kholetšheng ya [[:en:Botswana_Accountancy_College|Botswana]] [[:en:Botswana_Accountancy_College|Accountacy]] (BAC) ka Motsheganong 2016 le tsa go [[:en:Digital_marketing|maketa ka Dijithale]] [[:en:University_of_Cape_Town|go tswa kwa Yunibesithing ya Motsekapa]] (UCT) ka Sedimonthole wa one ngwaga oo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele ==
Taylor o ne a dira jaaka motsamaisi wa akhaonto mo Yuniting ya Kgwebo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya [[:en:Botswana_Telecommunications_Corporation|Koporasi ya Ditlhaeletsano ka Megala ya Botswana]] (BTC) mme ona le ditiro di le mmalwa tse a di berekileng fa gare ga nako eo pele ga a tlhomiwa go nna motsamaisi wa naga wa [[:en:Econet_Global|Econet Media Botswana]] a okametse Kwese TV ka 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
Ka Moranang 2021, Taylor o ne a tlhomiwa go nna motlhankedi yo mogolo wa [[:en:Botswana_Football_Association|Mokgatlho wa Kgwele ya Dinao wa Botswana]] ka nako ya dingwaga di le tharo.&lt;ref&gt;Football, CAF-Confedération Africaine du. [https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/botswana-fa-has-appointed-an-experienced-woman-as-ceo-secretary-general &quot;Botswana FA has appointed an experienced woman as CEO/Secretary General&quot;.] ''CAFOnline.com''. Retrieved 14 March 2022&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a emisiwa mo maemong a a tshwanang ka Sedimonthole 2021 morago ga ditatofatso tsa &quot;tiriso e e sa siamang ya madi a BFA&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Kolantsho, Calistus (30 December 2021). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/bfa-hot-seat-strikes-again/news &quot;BFA hot seat strikes again&quot;.] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 14 March 2022&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dube, Chakalisa (16 February 2022). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/bfa-moves-to-fire-taylor/news &quot;BFA moves to fire Taylor&quot;.] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 14 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kgangkenna, Duncan (4 March 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251212184256/https://www.sundaystandard.info/taylor-to-drag-bfa-before-the-courts/ &quot;Taylor to drag BFA before the courts | Sunday Standard&quot;.] Retrieved 16 May 2022&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa motho ka namana ==
Taylor o ne a nyalana le Paul Treston Taylor, yo e kileng ya bo e le mokaedi yo o neng a okametse [[:en:BTCL|Koporasi ya Ditlhaeletsano tsa Botswana]] (BTCL), yo o neng a tlhokafala ka Sedimonthole 2021.&lt;ref&gt;Shaya (3 January 2022). [https://news.thevoicebw.com/cheers-to-the-dead/ &quot;Cheers to the dead&quot;.] ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 14 March 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona Gape ==

* [[:en:Botswana_national_football_team|Botswana national football team]]

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Evilastus Kaaronda</title>
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      <text bytes="4084" sha1="g401wicdt0u22mzbk2qegwtw6zae6bj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Evilastus Kaaronda|birth_date=1974|birth_place=[[Otjiwarongo]]|nationality=Namibian|occupation=Leloko la lekgotla la babereki|known for=Ditshwanelo tsa babereki}}

'''Evilastus Kaaronda''' (o o tshotsweng ka Ngwanatsele 1975 kwa [[Orjiwarongo]])&lt;ref&gt;Mumbuu, Edward (26 November 2024). [https://neweralive.na/namibias-choice-pretenders-vs-contenders/ &quot;Namibia's choice: Pretenders vs Contenders&quot;]. ''New Era''.&lt;/ref&gt; ke mopolotiki le leloko la mekgatlho ya babereki kwa [[Namibia]]. Ke tautona wa [[South West Africa National Union]] (SWANU) fa e sale ka Motsheganong 2022&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nbcnews.na/news/evalistus-kaaronda-new-swanu-namibia-president.57507 &quot;Evalistus Kaaronda new SWANU of Namibia president&quot;.] ''NBC''. 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;, fa e sale ka Mopitlo 2023 ke ene fela a nang le setilo sa palamente sa phathi eo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230328180603/https://www.namibian.com.na/121074/read/Iijambo-ponders-future-after-parliament &quot;Iijambo ponders future after parliament&quot;]. ''The Namibian''. 28 March 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kaaronda e ne e le ntlhopheng wa botautona o a neng a emetse phathi ya SWANU ka ditlhopho tsa lefatshe tsa 2024.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.namibian.com.na/kaaronda-faces-uphill-battle-to-revive-swanu/ &quot;Kaaronda faces uphill battle to revive Swanu&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Namibian|The Namibian]]''. 5 May 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; O berekile e le mokwaledi mogolo wa [[Lekgotla la babereki ba Namibia|lekgotla la babereki la Namibi]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;a.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120527175949/http://www.namibian.com.na/news/full-story/archive/2011/april/article/kaaronda-to-be-investigated/ Kaaronda to be investigated] ''[[:en:The_Namibian|The Namibian]]'', 17 April 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

Kaaronda o bonwa e le leloko la lekgotla la babereki,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;A different breed of unionist&quot;. [http://www.insight.com.na/ Insight magazine] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055749/http://www.insight.com.na/ Archived] 2022-01-15 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Namibia. July, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; ba ba nyenyafatsang dikeletso tsa babereki gore ba sale morago matona a puso. Dikganetso tsa gagwe di akaretsa kemo nokeng ya dituelo tse di lebaneng batho, go sa tshephe di konteraka tsa nakwana  tse di tlang ka lenaneo la TIPEEG&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.npc.gov.na/publications/TIPEEG.pdf &quot;Targeted Intervention Programme for Employment and Economic Growth&quot;] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110626164702/http://www.npc.gov.na/publications/TIPEEG.pdf Archived] 2011-06-26 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], National Planning Commission, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;, go batla go tshwaya phoso ba ba neng ba okametse letlole la ba ba tlogelang tiro ka bogodi la didikadike di le N$600 le le jelweng ka dipeeletso tsa dikompone tsa sepolotiki le go tokafatsa maemo a babereki go na le go di fokotsa ka ntlha ya dipeeletso tsa mafatshe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The party leaders have forgotten how poor people live&quot; Interview with Evilastus Kaaronda. [http://www.insight.com.na/ Insight magazine] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055749/http://www.insight.com.na/ Archived] 2022-01-15 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Namibia. July, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Moranang 2012, tlhotlhomiso kgatlhanong le Kaaronda e ne ya simololwa morago ga dikakanyetso tsa go tlhoka go tshwara madi sentle, bogolo  jang Kaaronda o ne a akanyediwa go bo a buile mafoko a a sa dumalanwang se se ne sa nyenyafatsa makgotla a a amanang le [[NUNW.]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331025653/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=38250&amp;title=Kaaronda%20under%20siege Kaaronda under siege] ''New Era'', 12 April 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2012, Kaaronda o ne a lelekiwa mo tirong mo NUNW ga mmogo le tautona wa yone [[Elias Manga]], ba supa go tlhoka go obamela ditiro le maikarabelo a gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://allafrica.com/stories/201210310464.html &quot;Namibia: Evilastus Kaaronda Fired - allAfrica.com&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ne ba emelwa ke [[Connie Pandeni]] le [[Alfred Angula]]. Ka 2014, Kaaronda o ne a le mosola thata mo go tlhameng lekgotla la babereki la maemo a ntlha la [[Namibia National Labour Organization]] (NANLO).

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    <title>Jackson Kaujeua</title>
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      <text bytes="5436" sha1="he4x4zk3zk20a5jw6nsqzv20ep7xmd8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist|Name=Jackson Kaujeua|birth_date=Phukwi a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 1953|birth_place=South West Africa|death_date=Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2010|Genre=Mmino wa seKeresete|Occupation=Seopedi, motlhami wa dipina|Instrument=Go opela|native_name=Jackson Muningandu Kaujeua}}

'''Jackson Kaujeua''' (o o tshotsweng ka Phukwi a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 1953 a tlhokafala ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2010) e ne e le seopedi sa [[Namibia|Namibia,]] motlhami wa mmino wa SeKeresete, le molwela boipuso jwa Namibia wa bogologolo. O opetse ka diteme tsa Namibia tse di farologaneng, le ka Sekgoa le [[Seburu|Afrikaans]].

O tshotswe ka leina la '''Jackson Muningandu Kaujeua''', leloko la morafe wa Herero&lt;ref&gt;Sasman, Catherine (2 October 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014741/http://www.streetnewsservice.org/index.php?page=archive_detail&amp;articleID=854 &quot;Namibian Music: Jackson Kaujeua's musical journey on stage&quot;]. ''[[:en:International_Network_of_Street_Papers|Street News Service]]''. Archived from [http://www.streetnewsservice.org/index.php?page=archive_detail&amp;articleID=854 the original] on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; kwa !Huns, motse o o gaufi le [[Keetmanshoop]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112722/http://www.southerntimesafrica.com/article.php?title=_Nam_veteran_musician_Kaujeua_dies&amp;id=4173&amp;sid=e5666648b14975261bd86f9196d696f0 &quot;Nam veteran musician Kaujeua dies&quot;]. ''Southern Times''. 28 May 2010. Archived from [http://www.southerntimesafrica.com/article.php?title=_Nam_veteran_musician_Kaujeua_dies&amp;id=4173&amp;sid=e5666648b14975261bd86f9196d696f0 the original] on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Morago o ne a tlogela dithuto tsa gagwe tsa boruti kwa sekolong sa bodiredi sa [[Otjimbingwe]] morago ga gore a utlwe dipina tsa seKeresete tsa baopedi ba tshwana le [[Mahalia Jackson]], o mafoko a dipina tsa gagwe a a tshamaelanang le ditshwanelo tsa setho a mo gwetlhe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Ekongo, John (31 May 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120527151510/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?title=Hamba_kahle,_Jackson_Kaujeua&amp;articleid=33355 &quot;Hamba kahle, Jackson Kaujeua&quot;.] ''New Era''. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 1972, o ne a simolola go ithutela moopelo kwa Dorkay Art &amp; Music College for Talented Non-Whites kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago o ne a kobiwa mo lefatsheng go bo a lwela ditshwanelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele a tshaba ka 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Morago ga nakwana mo [[Botswana]],lekgotla la SWAPO (le a neng a amana le lone go fitlhelela a tlhokafala)&lt;ref&gt;Amupadhi, Tangeni (18 October 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050429113019/http://www.namibian.com.na/2004/october/national/0470A39DCD.html &quot;Gibeon offers a foretaste of campaigning 2004&quot;.] ''The Namibian''. Archived from [https://www.namibian.com.na/2004/october/national/0470A39DCD.html the original] on 29 April 2005. Retrieved 17 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928215348/http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues_print-en.asp?lvl=8&amp;ISO=na &quot;Namibia - Intercultural Issues: National Heroes&quot;.] ''Centre for Intercultural Learning, Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada''. 2005. Archived from [http://www.intercultures.ca/cil-cai/intercultural_issues_print-en.asp?lvl=8&amp;ISO=na the original o]n 28 September 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt; le ne la mo thusa go fudugela kwa [[UK,]] kwa a neng a nna moopedi mogolo wa setlhopha sa Black Diamond. Katlego ya mafatshefatshe e ne ya simolola ka dipina di tshwana le &quot;Winds of Change&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A nnile jaaka morutabana kwa [[Angola]] kwa kampeng ya batshabi go tswa ka 1979 go tsena dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa 1980, le morago kwa [[Sweden]], o ne aboela Namibia pelemga boipuso kwa 1990, kwa a neng a ipelela katlego ka moopelo wa gagwe, bogolo jang ka !Gnubu !Nubus (Khoekhoe)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;. Ka dingwaga tsa 1990 di ya fifing, e ne e santse e le mongwe wa maopedi ba Namibia ba ba itsegeng thata.&lt;ref&gt;Titus, Zoe (2 October 1998). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060104075755/http://www.namibian.com.na/Netstories/Arts8-98/jacksoncol.html &quot;Jackson Goes Globe Trotting&quot;.] ''The Namibian''. Archived from [https://www.namibian.com.na/Netstories/Arts8-98/jacksoncol.html the original] on 4 January 2006. Retrieved 17 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Kaujeua o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya go lwala diphilo ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2010, morago ga go sokodisiwa ke bolwetse boo dikgwedi di le thataro. Kwa Namibia, kalafi ya diphilo e bonwa mo dipateleng tse di ikemetseng fela, ka jalo bontsi jwa beng gae ba kgone go duelela kalafi eo. Kaujeua o ne a tshedile a bo a tlhokafala ka lehuma. O ne a sa bereke bontsi jwa botshelo jwa gagwe, a tshela ka go diragatsa. Go kopa go bereka kgotsa go rotloediwa ka tiro ya gagwe ya boemedi jwa kgololesego go ne ga seka ga arabiwa ke baeteledipele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Kaujeua o ne a na le bana ba le bane. Tsela kwa Windhoek legare e biditswe ka ene go mo fa tlotla, ga mmogo le tsela e nngwe kwa [[Ongwediva]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://kundana.com.na/posts/ongwediva-names-street-after-jackson-kaujeua &quot;Ongwediva names street after Jackson Kaujeua&quot;]. ''New Era''. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgatiso ==

* ''Katutura'' (1998, Mukurob productions)

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aubrey Kebonnetse</title>
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      <text bytes="2881" sha1="lkfxbcfk9o0kpnhbkcn416svlqn51tt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography|birth_date={{birth date and age|1990|2|6|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Botswana]]|position=[[Forward (association football)|Striker]]|clubs1=[[Township Rollers F.C.|Township Rollers]]|clubs2=[[Township Rollers F.C.|Township Rollers]]|clubs3=[[TAFIC F.C.|TAFIC]]|nationalteam1=[[Botswana national football team|Botswana]]|nationalyears1=2010|nationalcaps1=1|nationalgoals=0|college1=[[Dayton Flyers men's soccer|Dayton Flyers]]|collegeyears1=2010|name=Aubrey Kebonnetse|years1=-2009|years2=2012-2013|years3=2014}}
'''Aubrey Kebonnetse''' (o tshotswe ka 6 Tlhakole 1990) ke [[:en:Association_football|motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao]] wa pele wa Motswana yo o neng a tshameka jaaka [[:en:Forward_(association_football)|motlhasedi]] wa [[:en:Dayton_Flyers_men's_soccer|Dayton Flyers]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sundaystandard.info/kebonnetse-raring-to-go-again/ &quot;Kebonnetse raring to go again&quot;]. sundaystadard.info.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele ==
Kebbonetse o ne a tsewa jaaka motshamiki yo o solofetsweng wa Botswana, ka a ne a tsewa e le motshameki yo o siameng mo ditlhopheng tsa bosetšhaba tsa basha ba Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220106195253/https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/kebonnetse-could-boost-young-zebras/news &quot;Kebonnetse could boost Young Zebras&quot;]. mmegi.bw (Archived). Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a tlhotlhelediwa go nna mongwe wa batlhasedi ba ba gaisang mo hisitoring ya kgwele ya dinao ya Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sundaystandard.info/kebonnetse-raring-to-go-again/ &quot;Kebonnetse raring to go again&quot;.] sundaystandard.info&lt;/ref&gt; E kile ya bo e le mokapotene wa setlhopha sa Botswana sa dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga 20.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/kebonnetse-returns-to-action-in-the-us/news &quot;Kebonnetse returns to action in the US&quot;.] mmegi.bw&lt;/ref&gt;

Kebonnetse o simolotse tiro ya gagwe le setlhopha sa Botswana sa [[Township Rollers]], kwa a neng a tsewa jaaka mongwe wa batshameki ba bone ba ba botlhokwa thata.&lt;ref&gt;[https://allafrica.com/stories/200912010985.html &quot;Aubrey Kebonnetse - All Africa article&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; Pele ga setlha sa 2010, Kebonnetse o ne a tsenela [[:en:Dayton_Flyers_men's_soccer|Dayton Flyers]] kwa Amerika, kwa a neng a gobala mo lengoleng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/kebonnetse-could-boost-young-zebras/news &quot;Kebonnetse could boost Young Zebras&quot;.] mmegi.bw&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mokgwa wa go tshameka ==
Kebonnetse o ne a dira thata jaaka motlhasedi mme o ne a itsege ka bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go nosa dino tsa boleng jo bo kwa godimo, tsa &quot;tlwaelo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sundaystandard.info/solution-to-zebrasoco-scoring-problem-on-the-way/ &quot;Solution to Zebras' scoring problem&quot;.] sundaystandard.info&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tse di kwa ntle ==

* [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/36605.html Aubrey Kebonnetse] kwa National-Football-Teams.com

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Gciriku</title>
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      <text bytes="2865" sha1="lhkg222wgau7hbd0uzmbh1q1znet7gb" xml:space="preserve">'''Gciriku''' ke bogosi jwa ngwao kwa Kavango kwa e leng [[Namibia]] gompieno. Batho ba one ba bua teme ya Gciriku.

Batho ba '''Gciriku''' ke mengwe ya merafe e mentsi kwa [[Namibia]] ka palo ya batho ba le dikete di le masome matlhano, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mabedi le borobabongwe ka 2023.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241110234059/https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf &quot;Namibia 2023 Population and Housing Census Main Report&quot;] (PDF). Namibia Statistics Agency. Archived from [https://census.nsanamibia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2023-Population-and-Housing-Census-Main-Report-28-Oct-2024.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2024-11-10. Retrieved 2025-10-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Bontsi jwa morafe wa Gciriku ba nna kwa [[kgaolong ya botlhophi ya Ndiyona]] kwa botlhaba jwa Kavango. Palo potlana ya bone ba nna kwa borwa jwa [[Angola]]. Teme ya bone, [[Rumanyo]] (e pele e neng e bidiwa Rugciriku)&lt;ref&gt;Shampapi, Shiremo (13 May 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120331025815/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=38713 &quot;Sebastian Kamwanga: A Charismatic and diplomatic Hompa&quot;]. ''New Era''. Archived from [http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=38713 the original] on 12 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; ke puo ya Bantu, e e buiwang kwa kgaolong ya botlhophi ya Ndiyona le [[Rundu.]]

== Tlholego ==
Morafe wa Gciriku ke bontlha jwa setlhopha sa kwa Kavango se se tlholegang kwa legareng la Aforika le mawatle a matona. Ka dingwaga tsa 1900, morafe o o ne wa nna wa ntlha kwa Kavango go amogela barongwa ba ma Yuropa. Barongwa ba ne ba abelwa ditsha ba itshetlela kwa kgaolong e gompieno e bidiwamg Nyangana Mamono.

== Bateledipele ba bogosi ==
Hompa Nyangana (1874 go tsena 1924) o ne a le kgatlhanong le thotloetso ya ma Yuropa, bogolo jang barongwa. Maeto a barongwa a le marataro go tsena kwa Kavango, a ne a khutla ka puso ya gagwe. Morago ga maeto a supa ke gone fela morongwa le moruti [[Joseph Gotthardt]] a neng a kgona go tlhama lefelo la bodiredi kwa [[Nyangana]] ma 1910 le kwa Andara ka 1913, a dirisa maemo a a neng a reketla a ga kgos morago ga kganyaolo ya VaGciriku-Lishora ya 1894.&lt;ref&gt;Shiremo, Shampapi (22 July 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120509214401/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=39801 &quot;Bishop Joseph Gotthardt: A determined missionary along the Kavango River (1880-1963)&quot;]. ''New Era''. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teme ==
Morafe wa Gciriku o bua teme e e bidiwang Rugcikiru. Puo o ke bontlha jwa thuto e e bidiwang Rumanyo. Bontsi jwa batho ba bitsa puo e Rugciriku rwaMuduva. Puo e e na le medumo e e tshwanang le ya puo ya Basarwa.

=== Diele tsa Rugciriku ===

* Muntu mudona - motho o bosula.
* Washa tuka oko ghuna kutunda,kuka oko ghuna kuyenda - nna boikokobetso ka dinako tsotlhe.

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    <title>Kgari Sechele III</title>
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      <text bytes="2539" sha1="jipw9yshkkt22tbn222qfdobzmsnqcs" xml:space="preserve">'''[[:en:Kgari_Sechele_III|Kgari Sechele III]]''' ke kgosi ya morafe wa ga Kwena. O tshotswe ke [[Bonewamang Padi Sechele]], kgosi ya Bakwena, ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro (1973)  kgotsa  sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bone (1974). 

{{Infobox person|title=''[[Kgosi]]'' of the [[Bakwena]]|term=2002–present|predecessor=[[Kgosikwena Sebele]] (regent)|father=[[Bonewamang Padi Sechele]]}}

Bonewamang o ne a tlhokafala mo kotsing ya koloi ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978) fa Kgari a ne a le dingwaga di le nne.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251109042713/https://www.sundaystandard.info/mystery-steals-bonewamangocos-show/ &quot;Mystery steals Bonewamang's show&quot;.] ''Sunday Standard''. 4 November 2006. Retrieved 9 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mack Sechele]], [[Moithali Sechele II]], le [[Kgosikwena Sebele]] botlhe ba ne ba dira jaaka baeteledipele ba Kgari.&lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, Jeff (1996). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980134 &quot;The Fall and Decline of the Bakwena Monarchy&quot;.] ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''28''': 80. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980134 40980134]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mokgaladi Sechele]] o ne a simolola dikgato tsa semolao ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999) gore ene a amogelwe jaaka mojaboswa, mme morago ga loso lwa gagwe ngwaga o o latelang kgwetlho e ne ya tsweledisiwa ke morwae [[Kealeboga Sechele]]. Kgari o ne a ikanisiwa semmuso jaaka kgosi ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe  ngwaga wa ketepedi le bobedi (2002).&lt;ref&gt;Nyamnjoh, Francis B. (2003). [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02589000305447 &quot;Chieftaincy and the Negotiation of Might and Right in Botswana Democracy&quot;.] ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''21''' (2): 243. [[doi:10.1080/02589000305447]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0258-9001 0258-9001]&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a nyala mosadi wa gagwe ka fa molaong ka kgwedi ya Phatwe  ngwaga wa ketepedi le borobabobedi (2008),&lt;ref&gt;Letsididi, Bashi (19 March 2009). [https://www.mmegi.bw/news/kgosi-sechele-set-to-introduce-wife/news &quot;Kgosi Sechele set to introduce wife&quot;.] ''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 9 April 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; mme lenyalo la bone le ne la tshwarwa ka kgwedi ya  Phukwi  ele malatsi ale lesome le motso ngwaga wa ketepedi le borobabongwe (2009).&lt;ref&gt;Keoreng, Ephraim (13 July 2009). [https://allafrica.com/stories/200907140053.html &quot;Bakwena Celebrate Kgari's Wedding&quot;.] ''Mmegi''&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima (Botswana)</title>
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      <text bytes="19909" sha1="ht905yoveaj6i8elncenpmdm1ehyxoz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement|name=Ngamiland|native_name_lang=tsn&lt;!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. &quot;tsn&quot; for Tswana language --&gt;|settlement_type=[[Districts of Botswana|District]]|image_skyline=Maun Botswana2.jpg|image_caption=Maun|image_map=Botswana - North-West.svg|mapsize=frameless|map_caption=Location within Botswana|coordinates={{coord|19|30|S|23|30|E|source:jawiki_region:BW|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type1=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Botswana}}|seat=[[Maun, Botswana|Maun]]|seat_type=[[Capital (political)|Capital]]|area_total_km2=129930|population_total=196574|population_as_of=2022 census|population_density_km2=auto|timezone1=[[Central Africa Time]]|utc_offset1=+2|blank_name_sec2=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2019)|blank_info_sec2=0.697&lt;ref name=&quot;GlobalDataLab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;{{color|#fc0|medium}} · [[List of districts of Botswana by Human Development Index|9th]]}}

'''[[:en:North-West_District_(Botswana)|Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima]]''' kgotsa '''Ngamiland''' ke nngwe ya [[:en:Districts_of_Botswana|dikgaolwana tsa  ntlha tsa tsamaiso]] tsa lefatshe la [[Botswana]]. Go ya ka tsamaiso ya palobatho , Ngamiland e kgaogantswe go nna Ngamiland Botlhaba, Ngamiland Bophirima le Ngamiland Delta  eleng ([[Okavango]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211953/http://www.cso.gov.bw/media/2011%20Census%20_Alphabetical%20Index%20_Population%20of%20Villages.pdf &quot;2011 Botswana Population and Housing Census&quot;] (PDF). Botswana Central Statistics Office. Archived from [http://www.cso.gov.bw/media/2011%20Census%20_Alphabetical%20Index%20_Population%20of%20Villages.pdf the original] (PDF) on 23 September 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;  E laolwa ke Molaodi wa Kgaolo, yo o tlhomilweng ke puso ya bosetšhaba, le '''Lekgotla la Kgaolo la Bokone-Bophirima''' le le tlhophilweng. Lefelo la tsamaiso ke [[Maun]].

Go tloga ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le motso (2011), paloyotlhe ya baagi ba kgaolo e ne e le dikete dile lekgolo masome a supa le botlhano, makgolo a marataro, masome a mararo le motso(175,631) fa e bapisiwa le dikete dile lekgolo, masome a mane le bobedi, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (142,970)  ka  ngwaga wa ketepedi le motso (2001). Seelo sa kgolo ya baagi mo dingwageng di le lesome e ne e le 2.08. Paloyotlhe ya badiri e ne e le  dikete dile masome a mararo le bobedi, makgolo a mane,masome a supa le motso (32,471) fa banna ba le  dikete dile lesome le borataro, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a matlhano le bobedi (16,852) le basadi ba le dikete dile lesome le botlhano, makgolo a marataro, masome a mabedi le motso (15,621), mme bontsi jwa bone ele  baba   dirang mo temothuong.[citation needed]

[[Maun]], [[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Dithaba tsa Tsodilo]], [[Moremi Game Reserve|Lefelo la Diphologolo la Moremi]], [[Gcwihaba|Magaga a Gchwihaba]] (Drotsky), Dithaba tsa Aha (mo molelwaneng le [[Namibia]]), Musiamo wa Nhabe kwa Maun, le Maun Educational Park ke mafelo a magolo a a ngokang bajanala mo kgaolong eo.

== Ditso ==
Go tsamaela go hulara kana go wela ga  ngwagakgolo kana wa sekete wa lebolesome le boferabobedi, [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|ba Tswana]], bogolo jang badisa, ba ne ba simolola go atologela kwa bokone go tsena mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Ngamiland. Metswedi ya bogologolo ka dinako tse dingwe e umaka lefelo leno ka maina a a akantshang boraro, jaaka Trio Java anglicised, kgotsa Tawana, e e supang  kgolagano ya yone le  ditso. Moragonyana e ne ya nna legae la bogosipotlana jo bo neng jwa tlhongwa ka fa tlase ga ga Ngwato.&lt;ref&gt;Chirenje, J. Mutero (1977). ''A history of Northern Botswana, 1850-1910''. Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8386-1537-9.&lt;/ref&gt; Go amogela ga ga [[Khama III]] ga taolo ya Borithane mo Ngamiland go ne ga tiisa gape taolo ya bokolone fa go ntse go netefadiwa tshireletso e e rileng ya dikgatlhego tsa Batswana kgatlhanong le matshosetsi a kwa ntle. Le fa go ntse jalo, puso ya Borithane e ne e le bonya go fitlha kwa kgaolong, ka badiredipuso ba ba neng ba goroga fela ka  ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi,masome a robabongwe le bone(1894), mme se sa dira gore go nne le paka ya tlhokomelo e nnye le go ikaega ka ditheo tsa puso ya selegae. Ka  ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885) fa [[:en:North-West_District_(Botswana)|Maesemane]] a ne a tlhoma  [[Bechuanaland]] Protectorate, molelwane wa bokone e ne e le 22° latitude ya borwa. Ka Seetebosigo  a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabongwe (1890), molelwane wa bokone wa tshireletso o ne wa atolosiwa semmuso go ya kwa bokone ke Maesemane go akaretsa Ngamiland, e ka nako eo e neng e santse e le ka fa tlase ga Tawana, yo ka nako eo a neng e amogela taolo ya ga [[Khama III|Khama III.]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20020419180253/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20020308 &quot;Builders of Botswana: The Northern Border&quot;]. ''Daily News''. Botswana. 8 March 2002. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20020308 the original] on 19 April 2002.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Chirenje, J. Mutero (1978). ''Chief Kgama and his Times c. 1835-1923: The Story of a Southern African Ruler''. London: [[:en:Rex_Collings|Rex Collings]]. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-86036-062-9.&lt;/ref&gt; Badiredibagolo ba Borithane ba gorogile mo kgaolong ya Ngamiland  ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabongwe le bone (1894).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20020224094916/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20010907 &quot;Builders of Botswana&quot;]. Daily News. Botswana. 7 September 2001. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20010907 the original] on 24 February 2002.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngamiland e ne e tsamaisiwa jaaka sekhutlwana sa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|German West South Africa]] go tsamaya kana go feta ka tselana ya [[:en:Caprivi_Strip|Caprivi Strip.]]

Ka ngwaga wa 1966 ga tlhongwa Kgaolo ya Bokone-Bophirima e e neng e akaretsa Ngamiland le [[Kgaolo ya Chobe|Chobe]] ka bobedi; le fa go ntse jalo, ka 2006, Kgaolo ya Chobe e ne ya kgaoganngwa gape.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090718061659/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/ &quot;Districts of Botswana&quot;]. Government of Botswana. Archived from [http://www.mlg.gov.bw/ the original] on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 24 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lefelo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Maun 23.42084E 20.00779S.jpg|left|thumb|220x220px|Setswantsho sa Maun]]
Kgaolo eno e na le bogodimo jo bo ka nnang 915 m (3,002 ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jo bo magareng jwa lewatle. Mofuta wa dimela ke [[Savannah]], ka bojang jo boleele, ditlhatshana le ditlhare. Pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e ka nna 650 mm (26 in), bontsi jwa yone bo amogelwa ka paka ya selemo go tloga ka  kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele go fitlha ka Motsheganong.

Kgaolo ya Bokone-Bophirima e kopanetse  melelwane ya yone le mafelo a a latelang a kwa ntle: [[Kgaolo ya Omaheke]], [[Namibia]] kwa borwabophirima, [[Kgaolo ya Otjozondjupa, Namibia]] kwa bophirima, [[Kgaolo ya Kavango Botlhaba, Namibia]] kwa bokonebophirima le [[Kgaolo ya Zambezi, Namibia]] kwa bokone. Mo lefatsheng, e bapile le [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolo ya Legare]] kwa borwa botlhaba, [[Kgaolo ya Ghanzi]] kwa borwa bophirima le [[Kgaolo ya Chobe]] kwa botlhaba.

Jaaka mafelo a mantsi mo  Botswana, e na le [[:en:Dissected_plateau|mafelo aa kgaogantsweng aa ikadileng]] ka bontlhabongwe, ka mokgwa o, a kgokologa gotswa kwa bokone bophirima go tsena mo Kaukau Veld&lt;ref&gt;Grove, Alfred T. (1969). &quot;Landforms and climatic change in the Kalahari and Ngamiland&quot;. ''The Geographical Journal''. '''135''' (2): 191–212. doi:[[doi:10.2307/1796824|10.2307/1796824]]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1796824 1796824].&lt;/ref&gt; Motswedi o le [[Noka ya Okavango]] di elelela mo [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Makgobokgobong a Okavango]] ao eleng kgopu ee sa fetiseng kana elediseng metsi. Makgobokgobo a a gantsi a tlhatsetsa mo [[Letsha la Ngami|Letsheng la Ngami]] le le nang le kgopu ee sa tshololeng metsi kwa borwa, le go tsena mo [[Noka ya Thamalakane|Nokeng ya Thamalakane]] e e tshelang [[Makgadikgadi pans|dipane tsa letswai tsa Makgadikgadi]] kwa borwabotlhaba go feta ka [[Noka ya Boteti]].&lt;ref&gt;Cooke, H. J.; Verstappen, Herman Th. (1984). &quot;The landforms of the western Makgadikgadi basin in northern Botswana, with a consideration of the chronology of the evolution of Lake Palaeo-Makgadikgadi&quot;. ''Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie''. 28 (1): 1–19.&lt;/ref&gt; Bontsi jwa dinoka mo kgaolong eno ke tse di kgalang ka dipaka dingwe, mme di ka nna le [[merwalela ya tshoganyetso]].&lt;ref&gt;Singh (2011). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fh6UUv1En9EC Geography]''. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 12.53. ISBN 978-0-07-107480-3.&lt;/ref&gt; Maun, [[Lefelo la Tsodilo|dithaba tsa Tsodilo]], [[Moremi Game Reserve|lefelo la diphologolo la Moremi]], [[Gcwihaba|magaga a Gchwihaba (Drotsky)]], dithaba tsa Aha, Motlobo wa ditso wa Nhabe le phaka ya thuto ya Maun ke tsone tse di ngokang bojanala thata mo kgaolong eo.

== Dipalopalo ==
Go tloga ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le lesome le motso (2011) , paloyotlhe ya baagi ba kgaolo e ne e le dikete dile lekgolo, masome a supa le botlhano, makgolo a marataro,masome a mararo le motso ( 175,631)  fa e bapisiwa le  dikete dile lekgolo, masome a mane le bobedi, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa (142,970) ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le motso (2001). Seelo sa kgolo ya baagi mo dingwageng di le lesome e ne e le 2.08. Batho ba kgaolo eo e ne e le diperesente di le 8.67 tsa baagi botlhe mo lefatsheng la Botswana. Tekanyo ya bong e ne e le 95.11 mo banneng bangwe le bangwe ba le 100, fa e bapisiwa le 93.43 ka ngwaga wa  ketepedi le motso (2001). Palogare ya bogolo jwa malapa e ne e le 3.27 ka 2011 fa e bapisiwa le 4.49 ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le motso (2001). Go ne go na le badiri ba le  dikete tse tlhano, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bosupa (5,437) ba ba dirang tiro ya diatla le ba ba amanang le yone, badiri ba le dikete dile pedi, makgolo a supa le masome a robabongwe (2,790) ba ba dirang tiro ya kantoro, dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a supa, masome a supa le bosupa(8, 777) ba bereka mo ditirong tse di kwa tlase,  sekete,lekgolo le lesome le bosupa(1,117) e le Baemedi ba Peomolao, Batsamaisi le batsamaisi dikete dile pedi, makgolo a robabongwe,masome a supa le bone (2,974) Badirisi ba dipolante le metšhini le bapataganyi, baitseanape ba le  makgolo a robabobedi,masome and matlhano le borataro (856), badiri ba tirelo, badiri ba thekiso ya mabenkele le mebaraka ba le dikete dile tlhano, makgolo s robabobedi le lesome le bobedi (5,812),  badiri ba ba nang le bokgoni ba temothuo le ba ba amanang le yone ba le  dikete dile pedi, makgolo a, mararo, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (2,398) fa dikete dile pedi le masome a marataro le borobabobongwe (2,069) e le badiri ba botegeniki le ba amanang le jone mme paloyotlhe ya badiri ya nna dikete dile masome a mararo le motso, makgolo a robabongwe,lesome le botlhano (31, 915).&lt;ref&gt;[http://botswana.opendataforafrica.org/DEOB2015/demography-of-botswana-2015 &quot;Census of Botswana, 2011&quot;]. Central Statistics Office of Botswana. 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Thuto le itsholelo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Red and White Rock Art Tsodilo Botswana.jpg|left|thumb|190x190px|Botaki jwa matlapa kwa dithabeng tsa [[Lefelo la Tsodilo|Tsodilo]]]]
Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2011, go ne go na le paloyotlhe ya dikolo di le masome a supa le motso mo kgaolong, mme diperesente di le 8.30 tsa dikolo tse di ikemetseng. Paloyotlhe ya baithuti mo dikolong tsa Khansele e ne e le 28,101, fa mo dikolong tse di ikemetseng e ne e le makgolo a ferabongwe le masome a mane. Palogotlhe ya baithuti ba ba ikwadisitseng mo kgaolong e ne e le 29,041: basetsana ba le 14,190 le basimane ba le 14,851. Paloyotlhe ya barutabana ba ba rutetsweng tiro e ne e le sekete le masome a supa, basadi ba le makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boferabongwe le banna ba le makgolo a mane le lesome le bobedi. Go ne go na le barutabana ba nakwana ba ka nna masome mabedi le bosupa, banna ba le lesome le boraro le basadi ba le masome mane. Go ne go na le barutabana ba le barataro ba ba sa katisiwang mo kgaolong.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161112205102/http://botswana.opendataforafrica.org/deusq/education-2002-2012-botswana &quot;Education details of Botswana, 2011&quot;]. Central Statistics Office of Botswana. 2015. Archived from [http://botswana.opendataforafrica.org/deusq/education-2002-2012-botswana the original] on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 24 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go tloga ka 2006, batho ba le 12,737 ba ne ba amega mo temothuong, ba le 1,131 mo kagong, ba le 2,090 mo thutong, ba le lekgolo le masome a supa le bosupa mo go tsa motlakase le metsi, ba le masome a ferabobedi le bobedi mo go tsa matlole, ba le sekete mo go tsa boitekanelo, ba le 1,144 mo dihoteleng le diresetšhurenteng, ba le 1,450 mo ditirelong tsa baagi, ba le 1,450 mo go tsa ditirelo tsa baagi, ba le makgolo a mane le boraro mo ditirelong tsa setshaba tse dingwe, 1,455 mo malapeng a beng, 4,722 mo tsamaisong ya puso, makgolo a ferabongwe masome a mararo le bobedi mo dithotong tsa matlo, makgolo a supa le masome a mararo mo dipalamong le ditlhaeletsano, le 4,412 mo kgwebisanong ya dithoto tse dintsi le tse dinnye. Palogotlhe ya badiri e ne e le 32,471, banna ba le 16,852 le basadi ba le 15,621.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161113032721/http://botswana.opendataforafrica.org/ksddimg/labour-force-by-industry-2008-botswana &quot;Labour Force by industry in Botswana, 2008&quot;]. Central Statistics Office of Botswana. 2008. Archived from [http://botswana.opendataforafrica.org/ksddimg/labour-force-by-industry-2008-botswana the original] on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 24 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsamaiso ==
[[Setshwantsho:Equus quagga in Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana, -12 Nov. 2011 a.jpg|thumb|210x210px|Moremi Game Reserve]]
Go fitlha jaanong bonno jo bogolo go gaisa mo kgaolong ke Maun, e e neng e na le baagi ba ba fetang dikete tse thataro ka palobatho ya ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le motso (2011).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Se se latelang ke lenaane la metse e e kwadilweng ka go kgaogana mo palongbatho ya  ngwaga wa ketepedi le motso (2001)mo kgaolong nngwe le nngwe ya palobatho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20071124145529/http://www.cso.gov.bw/html/census/dist70_71_72_73.html &quot;Distribution of population by sex by villages and their associated localities: 2001 population and housing census&quot;]. Botswana Central Statistics Office. Archived from [http://www.cso.gov.bw/html/census/dist70_71_72_73.html the original] on 24 November 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ngamiland Botlhaba e na le metse ya [[Bodibeng]], [[Botlhatlogo]], [[Chanoga]], [[Habu]], [[Kareng]], [[Kgakge/Makakung]], [[Komana]], [[Mababe]], [[Makalamabedi]], [[Matlapana]], [[Maun]], [[Phuduhudu, Bokone botlhaba|Phuduhudu]], [[Sehithwa]], [[Semboyo]], [[Sankuyo]], [[Shorobe]], [[Toteng]], [[Tsao]].
* Ngamiland Bophirima e na le metse ya [[Beetsha]], [[Etsha 6, Botswana|Etsha 6]], [[Etsha 13]], [[Gani]], [[Gonutsuga]], [[Gumare]], [[Ikoga]], [[Kauxwhi]], [[Mohembo Botlhaba]], [[Mohembo Bophirima]], [[Mokgacha]], [[Ngarange]], [[Nokaneng]], [[Nxamasere]], [[Nxaunxau]], [[Qangwa]], [[Sepopa]], [[Seronga]], [[Shakawe]], [[Tobere]], [[Tubu]], [[Xakao]], [[Xaxa]], [[Xhauga]].
* Kgaolo ya Delta e na le metse ya [[Daonara]], [[Ditshiping]], [[Jao]], [[Katamaga]], [[Morutsha]], [[Xaxaba]]. Mo palong ya batho ya 2011 dipalo tsa baagi ba delta di ne tsa akarediwa mo dipalogotlheng tsa Ngamiland Botlhaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;''[http://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Census%20ATLAS.pdf Population Census Atlas 2011: Botswana]'' (PDF). Gaborone, Botswana: Statistics Botswana. 2015. p. i. ISBN 978-99968-429-0-0. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161113193204/http://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Census%20ATLAS.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2016&lt;/ref&gt;
Fa lefatshe la Botswana le tsaya boipuso go tswa mo makgoweng ka  ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le borataro (1966) , ba ne ba fetola tlhomeso ya tsamaiso ya bokolone go aga  tsamaiso ya dikgaolo tsa lone. Melao e ne ya fetolwa magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le , masome a supa le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le bone (1970 and 1974 )go itebaganya le dikgoreletsi tsa tlhabololo ya metseselegae.&lt;ref&gt;Picard, Louis A. (1979). &quot;Rural Development in Botswana: Administrative Structures and Public Policy&quot;. The Journal of Developing Areas. 13 (3). Louis A. Picard: 283–300. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4190662 4190662].&lt;/ref&gt;

Botsamaisi jwa kgaolo, khansele ya kgaolo, le khansele ya kgaolo-potlana ya Okavango ke bone ba ba tlhokometseng tsamaiso ya selegae. Melao ya tsamaiso etlhamilwe ke Lephata la Puso ya selegae. Ditiro tse dikgolo tsa khansele ya kgaolo ke Tsamaiso ya Merafe, Tlhabololo ya Mafelo a a Kgakala le Puso ya Selegae. Dithata tsa khuduthamaga tsa lekgotla di newa molaodi yo o tlhomilweng ke puso ya bogareng. Lephata la ditirelo tsa setegeniki la Lephata la Puso ya selegae le rwele maikarabelo a go tlhabolola ditsela le mafaratlhatlha mo metseng jaaka tlamelo ya metsi, dikolo le mafelo a itlosobodutu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors-botswana/government/regional_local_government/ &quot;Regional and Local government in Botswana&quot;]. Common Wealth of Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140118032954/http://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors-botswana/government/regional_local_government/ Archived] from the original on 18 January 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; Badiri botlhe ba tsamaiso ya selegae, kwa ntle ga badiri ba Tsamaiso ya Kgaolo ka bobone, ba tlhophiwa ka ditirelo tse di kopantsweng tsa Khansele ya Kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima,&lt;ref&gt;Kavei-Katjimune, Rebecca (2 June 2013). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/3210 &quot;Okavango Sub-district Council needs more staff&quot;]. Daily News. Botswana. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171226022854/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=3210 Archived] from the original on 25 December 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; mme Lephata la Puso ya selegae le na le maikarabelo a katiso ya bone, go romelwa kwa tirong le tlhabololo ya tiro ya bone.&lt;ref&gt;Kinuthia-Njenga, Cecilia; et al. (2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NOk51jEot_EC&amp;pg=PA56 Local Democracy and Decentralization in East and Southern Africa: Experiences from Uganda, Kenya, Botswana, Tanzania, and Ethiopia]''. Nairobi, Kenya: Global Campaign on Urban Governance, United Nations Human Settlements Programme. p. 57. ISBN 978-92-1-131666-7&lt;/ref&gt; Dikgaolo-potlana tsa Bokone-Bophirima/Kgaolo ya Ngamiland ke Ngamiland Botlhaba (e e bidiwang Ngamiland Borwa, ntlokgolo Maun), Ngamiland Bophirima (e e bidiwang Ngamiland Bokone) le Okavango, e gape e bidiwang Ngamiland Delta, (ntlokgolo ya Gumare).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gaotlhobogwe, Monkagedi. [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=2&amp;dir=2009/January/Thursday15 &quot;Botswana broken into 19 new sub-districts&quot;]. Mmegi Online. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161113033626/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=2&amp;dir=2009%2FJanuary%2FThursday15 Archived] from the original on 13 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dikgabaganyo tsa melelwane ===
Go na le mafelo a mabedi a go tlola melelwane le Namibia mo Kgaolong ya Bokone-Bophirima:

* [[Mohembo]], go bapa le Okavango kwa bokone

* [[Dobe]] ka fa bophirima.

=== Ditoropo le metse ===
'''Baagi ba le''' '''dikete tse masome matlhano le go feta'''

* [[Maun]]

'''Baagi ba ba fetang''' '''dikete tse lesome'''

* [[Gumare]]
* [[Shakawe]]

'''Baagi ba ba ka fa tlase ga''' '''dikete tse lesome'''

* [[Lesoma]]

* [[Parakarungu]]

== Tshedimosetso e nngwe ==

* [[Dikgaolo-potlana tsa Botswana]]

== Metswedi ==
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  <page>
    <title>George Yankey</title>
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      <text bytes="5406" sha1="8nw3vs26wno11x3a8m251g08pmwoq7z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=George Sipa-Adjah Yankey|office=Tona wa botsogo ko Ghana|term_start=Tlhakole 2009|term_end=Phalane 2009|president=[[John Atta Mills]]|predecessor=[[Courage Quashigah]]|successor=[[Benjamin Kunbuor]]|birth_place=Nzema, Ghana|party=National Democratic Congress|profession=Mmueledi}}

'''George Sipa-Adjah Yankey''' ke mmueledi le mopolotiki wa kwa [[Ghana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/interview/george-yankey-ceo-ghana-national-gas-company/ghana-2017 &quot;George Yankey, CEO, Ghana National Gas Company: Interview&quot;.] ''Oxford Business Group''. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ke moeteledipele wa pele wa Ghana Gas,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251027211406/https://www.thisnation.com/politics/economy/ghana-investment-promotion-centre-gipc/ &quot;Ghana to process Gas in commercial quantities by June 2014 - Sipa-Yankey - Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC)&quot;.] ''GipcGhana''. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt; o berekile gape e le tona wa botsogo wa kwa Ghana ka puso ya ga [[Atta Mills]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231208170949/https://citinewsroom.com/2020/08/ndc-will-win-90-of-parliamentary-seats-in-western-region-sipa-yankey/ &quot;NDC will win 90% of parliamentary seats in Western Region – Sipa Yankey&quot;.] ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 8 August 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theghanareport.com/no-govt-can-build-94-hospitals-in-one-year-sipa-yankey/ &quot;No gov't can build 94 hospitals in one year – Sipa Yankey&quot;.] ''The Ghana Report''. 1 May 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Thuto ==
Yankey o tsene sekolo kwa Nsein Senior High a dira setlankana sa O Level. O ithutetse molao kwa [[Ghana School of Law]]. O alogile ka PhD ka 1987 go tswa kwa [[University of Warwick]] kwa [[United Kingdom]].

== Tsa Pereko ==
Yankey o berekile mo lephateng la madi la Ghana, o ne a le tlhogo ya lephata la molao ka dingwaga tsa 1989 go tsena 1995.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/let-s-have-consensus-on-development-dr-sipa-yankey.html &quot;Let's have consensus on development — Dr Sipa Yankey&quot;.] ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a nna mookamedi wa molao, mohama o o ikemetseng le metheo ya madi kwa lephateng leo go tswa ka 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=170372 &quot;Press Statement By Dr. George Sipa-Adjah Yankey&quot;]. GhanaWeb. 16 October 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Polotiki ==
Yankey ke leloko la [[National Democratic Congress]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://ghanamps.com/news-events/details.php?id=1173 &quot;Ghana MPs - News &amp; Events Details - Reinstate Dr Sipa Yankey - Adenta MP&quot;.] ''Ghana MPs''. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga tlhopho ya 2008 ya botautona, tautona [[John Atta Mills]] o ne a mo thapa go nna tona wa botsogo mo pusong ya gagwe ka Tlhakole 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Morago ga dipatlisiso tse di neng di dirilwe ke ofisi ya melato e e tseneletseng ya [[United Kingdom]], Mabey and Johnson Limited, kompone e e neng e ntsha tshipi e e kwa Twyford,Berkshire e ne ya lebisiwa molato ka 2009.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20091008113624/http://www.sfo.gov.uk/press-room/latest-press-releases/press-releases-2009/mabey--johnson-ltd-sentencing-.aspx &quot;Mabey &amp; Johnson Ltd sentencing&quot;.] ''Official website''. [[:en:Serious_Fraud_Office_(United_Kingdom)|Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)]]. 25 September 2009. Archived from [https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/serious-fraud-office the original] on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Se se ne sa baka gore kompone e supe fa e batlile go rotloetsa ba ba tsayang ditshwetso mo dikonterakeng tsa setshaba kwa [[Jamaica]] le Ghana ka dingwaga tsa 1993 go tsena 2001. Matona a Ghana a le matlhano, a akaretsa Yankey, o a neng a belaelwa a tsere dikete di le lesome le botlhano, a ne a tlhagelela mo kgang e ya kompone. Yankey o ne a latosa magatwe ao mo puong e e duleng morago ga katlholo ya Mabey and Johnson ya dikete di le thataro tsa sedikadike ke kgotlatshekelo ha Southwark Crown.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Le ntswaa  ne a ganetsa, Yankey o ne a ithola marapo jaaka tona wa botsogo gore a phepafatse leina la gagwe. Go ithola marapo go ne ga amogelwa ke tautona Mills, o fa godimo, a neng a laletsa komiti ya ditshwanelo tsa setho go sekaseka tsheko eo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=170129 &quot;President accepts resignation of two ministers&quot;]. GhanaWeb. 11 October 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kompone ya Ghana National Gas ===
Morago ga tshekatsheko, Dr. Yankey o ne a seka a bonwa molato ope. O ne a thapiwa ke tautona John Atta Mills e le moeteledipele wa Ghana National Gas Company. Mo maemong a gagwe, o ne a eteletse pele kompone le go aga dikago tsa phatlalatso ya gase.&lt;ref&gt;[https://gh.china-embassy.gov.cn/ &quot;Ambassador Sun Baohong Inspected the Ghana Gas Infrastructure Project Contracted by the Chinese Enterprise Sinopec&quot;.] ''China-Embassy Ghana''. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; O ne a tlhatlhamiwa ke [[Benjamin Asante]] ka Tlhakole 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165806/http://citifmonline.com/2017/01/30/dr-ben-asante-appointed-caretaker-ceo-of-ghana-gas/ &quot;Dr Ben Asante appointed caretaker CEO of Ghana Ga&quot;]. Retrieved 28 October 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
      <sha1>8nw3vs26wno11x3a8m251g08pmwoq7z</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Frances Sholto-Douglas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11689</id>
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      <id>50976</id>
      <parentid>44327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T06:26:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6712" sha1="rlj968tb6n46d9i0b6fw1euql2jgdxo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|birth_name=Frances Claire Sholto-Douglas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1996|5|16|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Cape Town]], South Africa|alma mater=[[University of Cape Town]]|years active=2015–present}}

'''Frances Claire Sholto-Douglas''' (o tshotswe ka letsatsi la bolesome le borataro ka Motsheganong 1996) ke modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa. Difilimi tsa gagwe di akaretsa ''[[Samson]]'' (2018), difilimi tse tharo tsa ''[[The Kissing Booth]]'' (2018–2021), le ''[[Slumber Party Massacre]]'' (2021). Mo thelebisheneng, o itsege ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo filiming ya ''[[Dating Game Killer]]''  (2017) le mo motseletseleng wa [[Netflix]] wa ''[[Fatal Seduction]]'' (2023).

== Botshelo jwa pele ==
Sholto-Douglas o tsholetswe kwa [[Cape Town|Motsekapa]]. O na le kgaitsadie e bong Elsie.&lt;ref&gt;Trina Hannah (21 October 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231214034657/https://newscenemagazine.com/2023/10/frances-sholto-douglas-reveals-her-dream-co-star-and-talks-about-new-netflix-role/ &quot;Frances Sholto-Douglas reveals her dream co-star and talks about her new Netflix role&quot;]. ''New Scene Magazine''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Sholto-Douglas o ne a katisediwa go diragatsa le go bina kwa Sekolong sa Bodiragatsi jwa Tiragatso sa Kapa pele ga a tswelela go aloga kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Motsekapa]] ka dikirii ya Bobogelo le Tiragatso.&lt;ref&gt;Roux, Erene (23 July 2020). [https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/frances-sholto-douglas-kissing-booth-2/ &quot;SA actress Frances Sholto-Douglas talks 'The Kissing Booth 2'&quot;]. ''The South African''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ==
Sholto-Douglas o ne a tshameka karolo ya ga Lori Carter mo filiming ya thelebishene ya 2017 ya  ''[[Dating Game Killer]]''. Ngwaga o o latelang, o ne a dira filimi ya gagwe ya ntlha ka dikarolo tsa gagwe jaaka Taren mo go ''[[Samson]]''&lt;ref&gt;Prestridge, James (12 January 2018). [https://closeupculture.com/2018/01/12/close-up-an-interview-with-frances-sholto-douglas/ &quot;Close-up: An Interview with Frances Sholto-Douglas&quot;]. ''Close-Up Culture''. Retrieved  29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dennil, Bruce (17 September 2020). [https://www.brucedennill.co.za/film-interview-frances-sholto-douglas-kissing-connections-or-the-thrill-of-the-space/ &quot;Film Interview: Frances Sholto-Douglas – Kissing Connections, Or The Thrill Of The Space&quot;]. ''Participate''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le Vivian mo filiming ya basha ya [[Netflix]] ya ''[[The Kissing Booth]]'', e a neng a e tlhatlhobile ka 2016.&lt;ref&gt;Broide, El (25 August 2020). [https://www.thehouseofpop.co.za/five-minutes-with-the-kissing-booths-frances-sholto-douglas/ &quot;Five minutes with The Kissing Booth's Frances Sholto-Douglas&quot;]. ''House of Pop''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tla boeletsa karolo ya gagwe jaaka Vivian mo difiliming tse di latelang tsa ''The Kissing Booth'' ka 2020 le 2021 ka go latelana. O tlhageletse gape mo motseletseleng o monnye wa BBC le Netflix wa ''[[Troy: Fall of a City]]'' le kgaolo ya ''&quot;[[Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too]]&quot;'' ''ya [[Black Mirror]]''.&lt;sup&gt;[&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]&lt;/sup&gt;

Ka 2021, Sholto-Douglas o ne a tlhagelela mo go dirweng sesha ga ''[[Slumber Party Massacre]]'' jaaka Maeve.&lt;ref&gt;Hipes, Patrick (13 April 2021). [https://deadline.com/2021/04/slumber-party-massacre-new-movie-syfy-shout-studios-1234732483/ &quot;'Slumber Party Massacre' Redo From Shout! Studios Scares Up Home At Syfy&quot;]. ''Deadline''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tshameka le Bianca Oosthuizen mo tlhagisong ya Bodiragatsi jwa Bobogelo ya drama ya ''Earworm''.&lt;ref&gt;Cohen, Robyn (7 April 2022). [https://thecaperobyn.co.za/on-stage-the-hit-play-earworm-returns-to-theatre-arts-april-2022/ &quot;On stage: The hit play, Earworm, returns to Theatre Arts, April 2022&quot;]. ''The Cape Robyn''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2023, o ne a tshameka jaaka Laura mmogo le Ngele Ramulondi mo motseletseleng wa 2023 wa ''Fatal Seduction'', o gape o neng o le mo Netflix.&lt;ref&gt;Rhode, Jade (2023). [https://www.bona.co.za/entertainment/get-to-know-fatal-seductions-ngele-ramulondi-and-frances-sholto-douglas/ &quot;Get to know Fatal Seduction's Ngele Ramulondi and Frances Sholto-Douglas&quot;]. ''Bona''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Khalfe, Farah (7 July 2023). [https://www.glamour.co.za/lifestyle/meet-the-leading-ladies-of-netflixs-steamy-new-series-fatal-seduction-038155de-e412-4cfb-94be-f3e2c2ae2ba2 &quot;Meet the leading ladies of Netflix's steamy new series, Fatal Seduction&quot;]. ''Glamour''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Thangevelo, Debashine (21 August 2023). [https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/entertainment/why-fatal-seduction-was-such-a-big-deal-for-newcomers-ngele-ramulondi-and-frances-sholto-douglas-edffc51f-8b7d-4569-ab3d-3090651f8e46 &quot;Why 'Fatal Seduction' was such a big deal for newcomers Ngele Ramulondi and Frances Sholto-Douglas&quot;]. ''IOL''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O tlhageletse gape kwa ''Delela'' kwa [[Setheong sa Bobogelo sa Baxter]].&lt;ref&gt;Bain, Keith (12 September 2023). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-09-12-delela-a-play-that-holds-a-mirror-to-our-society-in-a-most-hilarious-and-brutal-fashion/ &quot;Delela — a play that holds a mirror to our society in a most hilarious and brutal fashion&quot;]. ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bodiragatsi ==

=== Filimi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Setlhogo
!Karolo
!Dinopolo
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|''[[Samson]]''
|Taren
|
|-
|''[[The Kissing Booth]]''
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Vivian
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Netflix]] film
|-
|2020
|''[[The Kissing Booth 2]]''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|''[[The Kissing Booth 3]]''
|-
|''[[Slumber Party Massacre]]''
|Maeve
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Boy Kills World]]''
|Megan
|
|-
|TBA
|''Just Now Jeffrey''
|Shireen
|
|}

=== Thelebishine ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Setlhogo
!Karolo
!Dinopolo
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016
|''[[No Man Left Behind]]''
|Receptionist
|Episode: &quot;Colombia Vice&quot;
|-
|''Killer Instinct with Chris Hansen''
|Sarah Krombach
|Episode: &quot;Kill or Be Killed&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''[[Blood Drive]]''
|Girl
|2 episodes
|-
|''[[Dating Game Killer]]''
|Lori Carter
|Television film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018
|''[[Troy: Fall of a City]]''
|Handmaiden
|3 episodes
|-
|''Order of the Dragon''
|Chiara Rostov
|Television film
|-
|2019
|''[[Black Mirror]]''
|Carmen
|Episode: &quot;[[Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too]]&quot;
|-
|2021
|''Grow''
|Melissa
|4 episodes
|-
|2023
|''Fatal Seduction''
|Laura
|Main role
|-
|TBA
|''Revelation Road''
|Keira
|''Upcoming''
|}

== Serala ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Setlhogo
!Karolo
!Dinopolo
|-
|2021–2022
|''Earworm''
|
|Theatre Arts, Cape Town
|-
|2023
|''Delela''
|
|[[Baxter Theatre Centre]], Cape Town
|}

== Metswedi ==
[[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]]</text>
      <sha1>rlj968tb6n46d9i0b6fw1euql2jgdxo</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Given Stuurman</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11716</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50987</id>
      <parentid>44409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T07:00:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>50987</origin>
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      <text bytes="3657" sha1="npznl7auvij62fahrxodhbff0xrcf41" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Given Stuurman|birth_name=Given Mahlatse Stuurman|birth_place=[[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]|resting place coordinates=&lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;|occupation=Actor, presenter|years active=2006–present}}

'''Given Mahlatse Stuurman''', yo gape a itsegeng ka leina la gagwe la kgwebo la '''PapiAction''', ke [[modiragatsi]] wa Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210515032456/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2be184e22f &quot;Given Stuurman&quot;]. British Film Institute. Archived from [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2be184e22f the original] on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O simolotse e le motaki wa ngwana, Stuurman o itsege thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo difiliming tse di tumileng tsa thelebišene le mo difiliming tsa ''Invictus,'' ''Straight Outta Benoni'', ''Scout's Safari'' le ''[[Scandal!]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241212183150/https://www.gigster.co.za/artists/given-stuurman/ &quot;Given Stuurman bio&quot;]. Gigster. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
O tsholetswe le go golela kwa [[Johannesburg]], Aforika Borwa. Le fa, a ne a tswelela go ithuta boenjenere jwa modumo kwa Sekolong sa Boenjenere jwa Modumo kwa Auckland Park, moragonyana o ne a bo tlogela.&lt;ref&gt;[https://okmzansi.co.za/5-facts-you-need-to-know-about-given-stuurman/ &quot;5 Facts You Need To Know About Given Stuurman&quot;]. okmzansi. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyetse mme ke rre wa morwadi a le mongwe, yo o tsetsweng ka 2020.&lt;ref&gt;[https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/2266394/scandal-actor-given-stuurman-welcomes-his-first-child/ &quot;'Scandal!' actor Given Stuurman welcomes his first child&quot;]. Citizen. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ==
Ke mongwe wa bataki ba bana ba ba tumileng thata mo Aforika Borwa mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 2000. Ka 2006, o ne a tlhophelwa karolo ya 'Xolisi 'Speedy' Ncebe' mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa ''Tshisa'' o o neng o gasiwa mo SABC1. Motseletsele ono o ne wa tuma thata koo a neng a tswelela go tshameka karolo eno go fitlha ka 2012. Morago ga moo o ne a tshameka karolo ya ‘Medupe’ mo sitcom ya thelebišene ya ''Gauteng Maboneng'' ka 2011. Ka 2009, o ne a nna leloko la batshameki ba motseletsele wa thelebišene wa ''Scandal!'' mme a tshameka karolo nngwe ya boeteledipele jwa 'Kgosi'. Motseletsele ono o ne wa tuma thata ka dingwaga di feta lesome.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=5661 &quot;Given Stuurman: Full / Real Name: Given Mahlatse Stuurman&quot;]. tvsa. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2005, o ne a tshameka karolo ya gagwe ya ntlha mo baesekopong mo filiming ya ''Straight Outta Benoni'' kwa a neng a tshameka karolo ya go tshegetsa 'morwarraagwe Manziman'. Ka 2006, o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya gae ya ''König Otto''. Ka 2009, o ne a tshameka mo filiming e e neng ya atlega thata ya ''Invictus'' ka seabe se sennye sa 'Township Kid'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ka 2017, o ne a nna batshameki ba ka metlha mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene wa ''Shuga''. Mo motseletseleng ono, o ne a tshameka karolo ya 'Reggie'.

== Bodiragatsi ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ngwaga
!Filimi
!Karolo
!Genre
!Ref.
|-
|2003
|''Scout's Safari''
|
|TV series
|
|-
|2005
|''Straight Outta Benoni''
|Manziman's brother
|Film
|
|-
|2006
|''Tshisa''
|Xolisi 'Speedy' Ncebe
|TV series
|
|-
|2006
|''König Otto''
|Mbugu
|TV movie
|
|-
|2009
|''[[Invictus]]''
|Township Kid
|Film
|
|-
|2009
|''[[Scandal!]]''
|Kgosi Legae
|TV series
|
|-
|2017–19
|''[[Shuga]]''
|Reggie
|TV series
|
|}

== Metswedi ==
[[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]]</text>
      <sha1>npznl7auvij62fahrxodhbff0xrcf41</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kaneez Surka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11717</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51017</id>
      <parentid>49723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T09:19:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>51017</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="9205" sha1="snv1y2gqotgykrz99fj3syrfduwgav9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Kaneez Surka|image=File:XdtlSbNj.jpg large.jpg|image caption=Kaneez in 2018|birth_place=[[Mthatha]], [[South Africa]]|nationality=[[South Africans|South African]]|alma mater=[[Rhodes University]]|years active=2006–present|notable works=''[[The Week That Wasn't]]''&lt;br /&gt;''The General Fun Game Show''&lt;br /&gt;''[[All India Bakchod]]''&lt;br /&gt;''[[Comicstaan]]''|website={{twitter|kaneezsurka}}}}

'''Kaneez Surka''' ke motaki wa improv wa Aforika Borwa, modiragatsi, mmametlae le modiri wa [[YouTube]], yo o nnang kwa India. O simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka pontsho ya ''[[The Week That Wasn't]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/people-find-it-easily-digestible-when-guys-are-a-little-crude-comedian-kaneez-surka/story-BwrFZth9a6Dsc8RwXwRilK.html &quot;People find it easily digestible when guys are a little crude: Comedian Kaneez Surka&quot;]. ''Hindustan Times''. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaneez-surka-aib-amazon-prime-video-5172736/ &quot;Kaneez Surka on stand-up, multiculturalism and political humour&quot;]. ''The Indian Express''. 13 May 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/kaneez-surka-im-scared-to-do-stand-up-comedy/19633162 &quot;Kaneez Surka: I m scared to do stand-up comedy&quot;]. ''mid-day''. 24 July 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190331025156/http://t2online.com/lifestyle/from-metoo-to-bolly-humour-kaneez-surka-really-random-rapid-fire/cid/18784 &quot;From #MeToo to Bolly humour: Kaneez Surka takes our really random rapid fire&quot;]. ''t2online.com''. Archived from [http://t2online.com/lifestyle/from-metoo-to-bolly-humour-kaneez-surka-really-random-rapid-fire/cid/18784 the original] on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-mallika-dua-kaneez-surka-reprise-roles-in-aibs-if-apps-were-people-2-4124807.html &quot;Watch: Mallika Dua, Kaneez Surka reprise roles in AIB's If Apps Were People 2&quot;]. ''Firstpost''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; O diragaditse mo dipolatefomong tse di farologaneng tsa go ema.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180815232842/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/comedienne-kaneez-surka-hosts-three-popular-guests-in-her-game-show/19446155 &quot;Comedienne Kaneez Surka hosts Sapan Verma, Sahil Shah and RJ Malishka in her game show&quot;]. ''mid-day''. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; E ne e le moatlhodi mo dipakeng tse pedi tsa ntlha tsa pontsho ya metlae ya [[Amazon Prime Video]] ya [[Comicstaan]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://businessofcinema.com/bollywood_news/comicstaans-latest-episode-focuses-on-kaneez-surkas-improv-round/424196 &quot;Comicstaan's Latest Episode Focuses On Kaneez Surka's Improv Round!&quot;]. ''Businessofcinema.com''. 24 July 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/amazon-prime-video-comicstaan-review-the-future-is-pretty-funny &quot;'Comicstaan' Review: The Future Looks Pretty Funny&quot;]. ''The Quint''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Gape o tshwara pontsho ya metshameko ya metlae ya mo maranyaneng,''The General Fun Game Show''  mo [[YouTube]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/youtube-series-comedians-books-reading-the-botcast-books-on-toast/18071158 &quot;Comedians talk about books they read in new YouTube series&quot;]. ''mid-day''. 14 March 2017. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/things-to-do/things-to-do-in-mumbai-today/articleshow/65409027.cms &quot;Things to do in Mumbai today&quot;]. ''Mumbai Mirror''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Kaneez Surka o tshotswe le go godisediwa kwa [[Mthatha]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. O ithutile kwa [[DSG]], kwa Sekolong sa Graham mme a tsena kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Rhodes]], kwa a neng a bona Bachelor of Arts mo molaong le mo thutong ya tlhaloganyo gone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Kale, Arun (26 August 2014). [http://astray.in/interviews/kaneez-surka &quot;Kaneez Surka&quot;]. ''Astray''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka morafe wa [[Gujarati]], Kaneez Surka o tsholetswe mo lelapeng la MaMuslim le le tswang kwa [[Kapadvanj]], se se neng sa mo letla go nna le tlhaloganyo e e tseneletseng ya ditso le ditumelo tse di farologaneng.&lt;ref&gt;Vadgama, Arpita (19 November 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250220044304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/theatre/kaneez-surka-interview/articleshow/55512738.cms &quot;I want to explore story-telling: Kaneez Surka&quot;.]''The Times of India''.  from the original on 12 July 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ==
Surka e ne e le karolo ya lefelo la improv la Mumbai fa e sale ka 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha kwa Mumbai e ne e le le setlhopha sa Imps sa ga Divya Palat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Surka e ne e le mokaedi-mmogo wa setlhopha sa go anela dikgang e e kwa Mumbai ya &quot;Tall Tales&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Gianani, Kareena (19 May 2013). [https://www.mid-day.com/articles/tell-stories-at-tall-tales-mumbais-newest-storytelling-club/214135 &quot;Tell stories at Tall Tales, Mumbai's newest storytelling club&quot;]. ''Mid Day''.&lt;/ref&gt; ka 2013.

O ne a fitlhelela go tuma mo pontshong ya dikgang tsa tshotlo ya ''The Week That Wasn't''&lt;ref&gt;[https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/small-talk-the-improv-lady/articleshow/58556388.cms &quot;Small talk: The improv lady&quot;]. ''Mumbai Mirror''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mo [[CNN-News18]] (e e kileng ya bo e le CNN-IBN). O ne gape a dira le Weirdass Comedy, e leng kgwebo ya [[Vir Das]] mme morago a simolola go dirisana le&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Jasmine (26 July 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180909222008/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/nothing-half-baked-about-it/111262.html &quot;Nothing half-baked about it&quot;]. ''The Tribune''. Archived from [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/nothing-half-baked-about-it/111262.html the original] on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le go tlhagelela mo ditshwantshong tsa motshikhinyego di le mmalwa tsa [[All India Bakchod]] go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di jaaka Clitika go tswa mo 'A woman's besties', 'Honest wedding', 'Honest Bars' le moanelwa wa Instagram go tswa mo 'If Apps were people'. Gape e ne e le moatlhodi wa dipontsho tse di jaaka [[Comicstaan]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/comicstaan-tanmay-bhat-kanan-gill-kaneez-surka-on-amazons-upcoming-show-and-all-things-comedy-4646661.html &quot;Comictaan&quot;]. ''firstpost''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le 'Improv All Stars' ya [[Amazon Prime]] le [[Queens of Comedy]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/richa-chadha-rohan-joshi-and-kaneez-surka-roped-in-to-judge-queens-of-comedy/articleshow/59673869.cms &quot;Queens Of Comedy&quot;]. ''Mumbai Mirror''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; ya TLC. Surka ke karolo ya setlhopha sa go itlhamela se se bidiwang &quot;The Improvers&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Anvita (13 May 2018). [https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaneez-surka-aib-amazon-prime-video-5172736/ &quot;Kaneez Surka on stand-up, multiculturalism and political humour&quot;]. ''The Indian Express''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mmogo le [[Abish Mathew]], [[Kanan Gill]], le [[Kenny Sebastian]], mme o na le setlhogo se se kgethegileng sa Improv se se bidiwang &lt;nowiki&gt;'Something From Nothing''&lt;/nowiki&gt; mo [[Videong ya Amazon Prime]]. Gape o ruta bodiragatsi jwa metlae ya improv, a supa bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa metlae ka go nna moatlhodi mo pontshong ya metlae ya [[Amazon Prime]] ya [[Comicstaan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Bodiragatsi ==

=== Maranyane ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|005
|Film
|[[Dosti: Friends Forever]]
|Debut Film (Kareena Kapoor's Date.Time stamp from 01:49:30 to 01:51:25)
|2014
|TV series
|The Living Room
|
|-
|2015-2016
|YouTube
|AIB Honest Series
|AIB: Honest Bars &amp; Restaurants Part 1, 2, 3
AIB: Honest Indian Weddings Part 1, 2
|-
|2016
|TV series
|Better Life Foundation
|Plays Vashma Chandi (1 episode
|2021
|[[Netflix]]
|[[Comedy Premium League]]
|Stand-up comedy
|-
|2017
|YouTube Series
|Son of Abish
|Season 3 with [[Swara Bhaskar]] (Episode 7)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Abish Mathew (24 November 2017), ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quAWroEKQUI Son Of Abish feat. Kaneez Surka &amp; Swara Bhaskar]'', retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Amazon Prime]]
|The Improvisers: Something from Nothing
|Herself
|-
|The Living Room
|
|-
|[[Comicstaan]] Season 1
|Herself - Judge
|-
|2015-2016
|YouTube
|AIB Honest Series
|AIB: Honest Bars &amp; Restaurants Part 1, 2, 3
AIB: Honest Indian Weddings Part 1, 2
|-
|2016
|TV series
|Better Life Foundation
|Plays Vashma Chandi (1 episode)
|-
|2017
|YouTube Series
|Son of Abish
|Season 3 with [[Swara Bhaskar]] (Episode 7)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Amazon Prime]]
|The Improvisers: Something from Nothing
|Herself
|-
|[[Comicstaan]] Season 2
|Herself - Judge
|2005
|Film
|[[Dosti: Friends Forever]]
|Debut Film (Kareena Kapoor's Date.Time stamp from 01:49:30 to 01:51:25)
|-
|[[Comicstaan]] Season 1
|Herself - Judge
|-
|2019
|[[Amazon Prime]]
|[[Comicstaan]] Season 2
|Herself - Judge
|2020
|[[Netflix]]
|[[Ladies up]]
|Stand-up comedy
|}

== References ==
[[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]]</text>
      <sha1>snv1y2gqotgykrz99fj3syrfduwgav9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jwaneng Airport</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>11779</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51012</id>
      <parentid>44681</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T09:08:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="1156" sha1="2tz079xrb7sgjkc7r03it8z9u2ayx16" xml:space="preserve">Boema difofane jwa toropo  [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]] (IATA: JWA, ICAO: FBJW) ke boemafofane jo bo direlang Jwaneng, toropo e e mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa [[Botswana]]. Ke ya Debswana, e e nang le moepo wa ditaemane. Ga go na sefofane sepe se se rulagantsweng

== Metswedi ==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20110806061445/http://www.worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?airport=FBJW [1&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Airport information for FBJW]

[http://www.gcmap.com/airport/JWA [2&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; Airport information for Jwaneng Airport] at Great Circle Mapper.

[3] Google Maps - Jwaneng

[https://web.archive.org/web/20250117075950/https://ourairports.com/navaids/JWN/Jwaneng_NDB_BW/#lat=-24.60070037841797,lon=24.68589973449707,zoom=10,type=Satellite [4&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Jwaneng NDB (JWN) @ OurAirports&quot;]. ourairports.com. Retrieved 20 August 2018.

== Metswedi ya kwa nte ==
• OurAirports - Jwaneng

• [https://skyvector.com/airport/FBJW/Jwaneng-Airport SkyVector - Jwaneng]

• [https://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=JWA Accident history for Jwaneng Airport] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_Safety_Network Aviation Safety Network]</text>
      <sha1>2tz079xrb7sgjkc7r03it8z9u2ayx16</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Amandla Stenberg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12043</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50934</id>
      <parentid>45157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T00:31:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>8156</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="18178" sha1="2cv0w8riwvk76z2xttekj6m4m0j7cd9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Amandla Stenberg|birth_date=Phalane a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1998|birth_place=[[Los Angeles]] [[Califormia]]|citizenship=[[United States of America]]
[[Denmark]]|occupation=Modiragatsi|years active=2011 go tsena gompieno|image=Amandla Stenberg by Gage Skidmore.jpg|caption=Stenberg kwa San Diego Comic Con ka 2018}}

'''Amandla Stenberg''' (o o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1988) ke modiragatsi wa kwa America. O simolotse tiro e le modiragatsi wa ngwana a amogela tlotla ka go tshameka [[Rue]] mo filiming ya ''[[The Hunger Games]]'' (ka 2012). Fa a ntse a gola, o ne a tlhagelela mo setshwantshong sa motseletsele sa ''[[Sleepy Hollow]]'' (go tswa ka 2013 go tsena 2014) le filimi ya marato ya [[Everything, Everything|''Everything, Everything'']] (ka 2017). O ne a amogela kgalaletso ka tiragatso ya gagwe e le monana a itemogela go thuntshiwa ga sepodise mo filiming ya [[The Hate U Give]] (ka 2018). O ne a nna modiragatsi mogolo mo setshwantshong se se tshegisang gape se boifisa sa [[Bodies Bodies Bodies]] (ka 2022), le se sengwe se se boifisang sa [[My Animal]] sa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong, le sethswantsho motseletsele sa [[Star Wars:The Acolyte]] ka 2024.

Kwa ntle ga go diragatsa, Stenberg o ne a simolola go opela ka 2015, a diragatsa e le bontlha jwa bobedi jo bo neng bo opela mmino wa rock ba ba neng ba ipitsa Honeywater, a opela pina ya [[&quot;Let my baby stay&quot;]] mo filiming ya Everything Everything. O itsege gape ka go lweladitshwanelo tsa banana ba ba ratanang ka bong, o ne a akareditswe mo lenaaneng la ''[[Time]]'' la banana ba ba nang le thotloetso ka 2015 go tsena 2016.

== Botshelo jwa gagwe a le mmotlana ==
Amandla Stenberg, o o tsholetsweng kwa [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], ke morwadie Karen Brailsford, mogakolodi gape e le mokwadi wa lotso lwa African-American le Tom Stenberg, wa lotso lwa Danish.&lt;ref&gt;Fogarty, Lisa (July 13, 2015). [https://www.bustle.com/articles/96810-who-is-amandla-stenberg-the-hunger-games-actress-is-basically-the-most-impressive-16-year-old-ever &quot;Amandla Stenberg Is An Intelligent, Talented Force&quot;.] ''Bustle''. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331173743/http://www.amandlastenberg.com/1/post/2011/09/colombiana-in-mexico-city.html &quot;Colombiana in Mexico City&quot;]. amandlastenberg.com. September 29, 2011. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250221222353/https://www.hunger-games.net/?p=1173 &quot;Amandla Stenberg: &quot;So excited to be playing Rue in The Hunger Games&quot;&quot;.] Hunger Games Network. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Martin, Michel (April 3, 2012). &quot;[https://www.npr.org/2012/04/03/149919321/should-kids-see-the-hunger-games Should Kids See 'The Hunger Games'&quot;]. NPR. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Stenberg o na le bomogolowe ba le babedi mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga rraagwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220726030155/https://www.instagram.com/p/moye-jKgYA/ &quot;Instagram&quot;.] Instagram. April 11, 2014. Archived from the original on May 19, 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rookiemag.com/2013/07/amandla-stenberg/2/ &quot;Rookie » It's a New Wave: An Interview With Amandla Stenberg&quot;.] ''Rookiemag.com''. July 24, 2013. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O na le ditso tsa Greenlandic ka rragwemogolo, Ena Stenberg, o o tsholetsweng kwa Greenland a fudugela kwa [[Denmark]] ka nako molao wa bokolone wa Greenland. O ne a bereka mo seromamoweng gape e le seopedi kwa Denmark o o opetseng le setlhopha sa Mik se se neng se opela kwa ditshupong tsa mafatshefatshe kwa [[New York]] ka 1964. Ena Stenberg o ne a amana le batho ba kwa Greenland ba bokolone ba lotso lwa Danish pele ga a fudugela Denmark.&lt;ref&gt;Olesen, Simon Mølholm. &quot;The Danish Decolonisation of Greenland, 1945-54.&quot; ''Nordics Info'', Aarhus University, 19 Aug. 2019. [https://nordics.info/show/artikel/the-danish-decolonisation-of-greenland-1945-54-1 Available here.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://hungergamesweden.blogg.se/2011/april/exklusiv-uttalande-fran-amandla-stenberg-med.html &quot;Svensk Hungerspelen Fansida&quot;.] Hungergamesweden.blogg.se. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Leina la ga Stenberg la ntlha le raya &quot;maatla&quot;&quot; kgotsa &quot;nonofo&quot; mo ditemeng tsa Aforika Borwa tsa [[Sethosa|seXhosa]] le [[Sezulu|seZulu.]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160413233431/http://www.amandlastenberg.com/what-amandla-means.html &quot;Amandla Means&quot;]. Archived from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a le dingwaga di le nne, Stenberg o ne a simolola go nna mmabontle wa [[Disney]].&lt;ref&gt;Martin Howden (July 27, 2012). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=vzatDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT6&amp;redir_esc=y Hunger Games A-Z]''. Kings Road Publishing. p. 6. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781782190240|9781782190240]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O tlhageletse mo dithekisong tsa barekiba tshwana le Boeing le Kmart.&lt;ref&gt;[https://people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20575560,00.html &quot;Up Close with Rue!&quot;] Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. ''People'' March 28.2-12/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140220183603/http://www.amandlastenberg.com/resume.html &quot;Amandla's resume&quot;.] amandlastenberg.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2016, Stenberg o ne a itsise ka maranyane a Instagram fa a tlaa ithutela go dira difilimi kwa [[New York University Tisch School]] of the Arts.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180510171649/https://www.instagram.com/p/BB3XFQmG1dV/ &quot;Instagram post by amandla • Feb 16, 2016 at 11:07pm UTC&quot;.] ''Instagram''. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tsaya tshwetso ya gore a seka a tsena sekolo, ka o ne a iphitlhela a na le ditiro, ka jalo a itlhophela tiro ya go diragatsa.

== Tsa Pereko ==

=== '''2011 go tsena 2017: tiro ya a santse a le mmotlana''' ===
Ka 2011, o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya gagwe ya ntlha ya Colombiana, e le motshameki o Zoe Saldana a neng a mo tshameka a sale mmotlana. Katlego ya gagwe e tsile a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone, fa a tshameka Rue mo filiming ya 2012 ya The Hunger Games. Filimi e e ne e le katlego ya maemo a ntlha gape e na le madi, ka jalo go diragatsa ga ga Stenberg go ne ga galalediwa. O amogetse dietsele di le dintsi le ditlhopho, di akaretsa tlhopho ya Black Reel. Ka 2013, o ne a tshameka morwadie Robin Thicke le Paula Patton, mo setshwantsho khutsweng sa Mercy; Thicke o ne a okametse filimi eo. Stenberg o ne a tlhagelela gangwe le gape mo legatong la ntlha la motselestele wa Sleepy hollow go tswa ka 2013 go tsena 2014.

Ka 2013, Stenberg o ne a simolola go thsameka seletso sa violin gape a opela le seopedi Zander Hawley kwa mafelong a a farologaneng kwa Los Angeles. Ka 2014, Stenberg e ne e le lenstwe la ga Bia mo filiming ya dipopae ya Rio 2, e e neng ya rekisa sentle thata. O tshamekile motshameki o o tlhagelellang thata ebong Halle Foster mo setshwantshong sa motseletsele sa Mr. Robinson, se se neng se supiwa ka 2015.

Ka 2016, Stenberg o ne a tlhagelela mo setshwantsho sa pina ya ga Beyonce ya Lemonade, a fenya seetsele sa BET YoungStars. Ngwaga one oo, o ne a simolola go bereka a le mo tlhokomelong ya The Society. Ka 2016, Stenberg o ne a kile a ya go iteka go tshameka Shuri mo filiming ya Black Panther, mme le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a tswa a ise a fetse ka a ne a dumela gore ga a tshwanela go tshameka bontlha joo. O ne a bolelela Variety Magazine ka 2018 gorse: &quot;go ne go kgatlhisa thata go bona e dirwa ke batho ba ba neng ba tshwanetse go nnabontlha jwa yone, ba ba tshwanetseng ebile ba e siametse. Nna e ne e sa nstwhanela.&quot; Letitia Wright o ne a tshameka bontlha joo. 

Ka 2017, o ne a tshameka mo setshwantshong sa mararto sa Evrything Everything, se okametswe ke Stella Meghie, a tshameka le Nick Robinson. O ne a amogela kgalaletso ka tiragatso ya gagwe, a amogela tlhopho ya seetsele sa Teen Choice.

=== 2018 go tsena gompieno : ===
Ka ngwaga wa 2018, o ne a tshameka moanelwa mogolo Starr Carter mo motshamekong wa The Hate U Give, o o tswang mo bukeng ya leina le le tshwanang, e e buang ka letsholo la matshelo a batho bantsho. Motshameko o o ne a amogelwa ka diatla tsoo pedi, Stenberg le ene a akgolelwa motshameko oo. Peter Travers wa Rolling Stone o ne a kwala are: &quot;Ga go kgonagale go ka galaletsa go diragatsa ga ga Stenberg, ke setsuatsue se se golang ka maatla le maikutlo mo sethswantshong sengwe le sengwe.&quot; Mookamedi wa motshameko, George Tillman Jr. o ne a re &quot;o na le bokgoni jwa go go dira gore o ikutlwe ekare o bona se se diragalang ka boammaruri, seo se tswa mo go nneng le maikaelelo mo go seo se dirang, selo se se sa tlwaelesegang mo dingwageng dipe fela.&quot; O ne a iponela dietsele le ditlotla tse di farologaneng tsa motshameko o, di akaretsa go fenya seetsele sa African American Films Critics Association, seetsele sa NAACP, le go tlhophelwa dietsele tsa Critics Choice le sa Washington DC Area Film Critics Association. Ka 2018 a ya fifing, Stenberg o ne a nna moanelwa mogolo mo motshamekong wa ga Amma Asante wa ntwa ya bobedi ya mafatshe o o bidiwang Where hands Touch.

Ka 2019, Stenberg o ne a tshameka Elizabeth Eckford, mosetsana wa dingwaga tse di lesome le botlhano o ka ngwaga wa 1957 a neng a le mo setlhopheng sa baithuti ba robabongwe ba ba neng ba kganetswe go tsena sekolo kwa Little Rock se se neng se seegetse ditso tse dingwe kwa ntle, ka sekhutlwana sa motshameko wa Drunk History ka 2019. Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2019, o ne a nna bontlha jwa batshameki ba motshameko wa metseletsele o o supiwang mo maranyaneng a Netflix wa The eddy, o o ntshitsweng ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a robabobedi ngwaga wa 2020. Kgwedi yone eo, o ne a baya monwana go nna moanelwa mogolo mo mothsamekong wa poeletso wa 1996 wa Fear.

Ka Phatwe 2020, o ne a tshameka e le Alana Beck mo motshamekong wa mo seraleng sa Broadway wa Dear Evan Hansen. O ne a bereka mmogo le barulaganyi ba motshameko Pasek and Paul mo The Anonymous ones, pina e ntsha e e kwaletsweng moanelwa oo, o maikarabelo a gagwe a neng a atolosiwa go tswamo go wa serala.

Ka 2021, Stenberg o ne a tshameka moanelwa mogolo wa motshameko wa mostelestele wa Star Wars: The Acolyte. Morago o ne a abelana mo maranyaneng a Instagram gore go emisiwa ga motshameko ga go mo gakgamatse ka ntlha ya tlhaolele, kilo, letlhoo le tiriso mafoko a a siamang a baletedi le barati ba Star Wars ba neng ba di supa.

Ka 2022, Stenberg e ne e le bontlha jwa batshameki ba motshameko o o tshosang gape o tshegisa wa Bodies Bodies Bodies ka 2022. Bodies Bodies Bodies e simolotse go supa lantlha kwa South by Southwest ka Mopitlo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2022. E ne ya ntshiwa go supiwa mo diraleng ke A24 ka Phatwe a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2022, kwa ditoropong tse di tlhophilweng pele ga e anama le lefatshe ka Phatwe a le lesome le bobedi.

Ka Motsheganong 2023, Stenberg o ne a itsisiwe fa e le bontlha jwa mantswe a Spider-Man: Across the Spider Verse e le Margo Kess kgotsa Spider-Byte.

Stenberg o tshamikile le Bobbie Salvor Menuez mo motshamekong o o tshosang wa baratani ba bong bo bo tshwanang wa My Animal, o o supileng e le lantlha lefatshe ka bophara kwa moketeng wa 2023 wa Sundance ka Firikgong a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2023 bosigogare.

== Tse dingwe tse a di dirang ==

=== Go lwela ditshwanelo ===
Stenberg o itlhalositse e le molweladitshwanelo tsa bomme. O matlhagatlhaga ka dikakanyo tsa gagwe tsa sepolotiki mo di[puisanong le mo maranyaneng, o ne a bidiwa molweladitshwanelo tsa bomme wa ngwaga ya 2015 ke Ms. Foundation for Women. O buile phatlalatsa mo maranyaneng ka go ikamanya le ngwao e e seng ya gago. Setshwantsho sa gagwe sa motshikinyego sa &quot;Dont cash crop my cornrows&quot; se ne se kgalela Kylie Jenner go kgabisa moriri wa gagwe ka fa batho bantsho ba America ba dirang ka teng mo ngwaong. Ka Moranang 2016, Stenberg o ne a bua ka letsatsi la WE Day kwa California kwa moletlong wa boutlwelobotlhoko.

Ka Phalane 2023, Stenberg o ne a baya monwana lokwalo lwa setshaba lo lo kwaletsweng Joe Biden, tautona wa nako eo wa United States, le kopa kemiso ya go tlhasela Gaza ga lefatshe la Israel le ntwa ya Gaza.

=== Mmino ===
Ka 2015, Stenberg o ne a ntsha alebamo e e okeditsweng ya ntlha ka Phatwe 2015 a opela le o mongwe ba ipitsa Honeywater. Ka 2015 gape, o ne a ntsha setshwantsho sa motshikinyego sa &quot;Dont Cash Crop My Cornrows&quot;, se se neng se kgalela Kylie Jenner go itira moriri ka tsela e e tlwaelesegileng e le ngwao ya batho bantsho. Ka 2017, o ne a opela &quot;Let My Baby Stay&quot; e le pina ya boremelelo ya motshameko wa Evrything Everythign.

Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2024, Stenberg o ne a ntsha pina ya &quot;Discourse&quot;, e e neng e diretswe go bua ka letlhoo la ditso le a e itemogetseng. Pina e e bua ka puisano ya ngwaga wa 2018 e a nenga  e dira le The Daily Show ya ga Trevor Noah, e mo go yone Stenberg a opelang are &quot;go lela ga batho basweu ke sone seelo&quot; ya motshameko wa The Hate U Give.

=== Go kwala ===
Stenberg o kwadile buka ya metlae ya Niobe:She is Life, le Sebastian Jones, e e tshwantshitsweng ke Ashley A Woods, e gatisitswe ka Ngwanatsele 2015. K ebuka ya ntlha ya metlae e e nang le mosadi o montsho e le moanelwa, mokwadi o mongwe e le moopedi. Ka 2017, Stenberg le Sebastian Jones ba ne ba ntsha buka ya bobedi mo go tse tharo ya Niobe: She is Death.

== Ka fa a bonwang ka teng ke babegadikgang ==
Pampiri ya Dazed e ne ya bitsa Stenberg mongwe wa mantswe a a bogale a dithaka tsa gagwe, fa e mo akaretsa mo pating ya pampiti ya bone ya letlhafula 2015. O ne a akarediwa mo lenaaneng la Time la banana ba ba nang le thotloetso ka 2015 le 2016. Ka 2016, o ne a akarediwa mo lenaaneng la Supersoul la batho ba ba lekgolo ba ba nang le thotloetso ebile ba na le tebelopele ke [[Oprah Winfrey.]]

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Ka Firikgong 2016, Stenberg o ne a bolelela fa a ratana le batho ba bong bongwe le bongwe, le ntswa a ne a re le lefoko le le rayang go sa bone bong le ntse le siame go mo supa. Ka Mopitlo, Stenberg o ne a re ga se mosadi ebile ga se monna, fa e sale ka nako eo o dirisa maemedi a borre le bomme kgotsa a batho ba le bantsi. Ka Seetebosigo 2018, mo puisanong le Wonderland Magazine, o ne a re o ratana le batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang le jwa gagwe.

Mo puisanong ya Phukwi 2017, Stenberg o ne a re o emisitse go dirisa mesokelatsebeng sa sesha, a dumela gore didirisiwa tsa go nna jalo le maranyane di ka nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo botsogong jwa tlhaloganyo.

Ka Phalane a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2018, Teen Vogue e ne ya gatisa mokwalo o a neg a o kwadile, o mo go one a neng a supa gore o itemogetse tiriso dikgoka mo tlhakanelong dikobo gabedi.

Go tswa ka ngwaga wa 2018 o simologa go fitlhelela a fela, Stenberg o ne a ratana le seopedi Mikaela Mullaney Straus, o o itsegeng ka leina le a le dirisang mo go tsa kopelo la King Princess. Go tswa ka 2018 go tsena 2020, o ne a ratana le moopedi-mokwadi Lindsey Jordan.

Ka ngwaga wa 2020, Stenberg o ne a nna kwa Copenhagen dikgwedi di le tharo gore a kgone go tswelela a na le boagedi jwa Danish.

== Metshameko ==

=== Difilimi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Ngwaga 
!Setlhogo
!Seabe
!Ditshetlana
!Metswedi
|-
|2011
|''[[Colombiana]]''
|Cataleya Restrepo o mmotlana 
|
|
|-
|2012
|''[[The Hunger Games]]''
|Rue
|
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Mercy]]'' 
|Sarah
|Motshameko khutswe
|
|-
|2014
|''Rio 2''
|Bia 
|Lentswe
|
|-
|2016
|''As You Are''
|Sarah
|
|
|-
|2017
|''Everything Everything''
|Maddy Whittier
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2018
|''The Darkest Minds''
|Ruby Daly
|
|
|-
|''The Hate U Give''
|Starr Carter
|
|
|-
|''Where Hands Touch''
|Leyna
|
|
|-
|2021
|''Dear Evan Hansen''
|Alana Beck
|
|
|-
|2022
|''Bodies Bodies Bodies''
|Sophie 
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ele morulaganyi gape
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2023
|''My Animal''
|Jonny
|
|-
|''Spider-man:Across the Spider Verse''
|Margo Kess kgotsa Spider Byte
|lentswe
|
|-
|''Ozi: Voice of the Forest''
|Ozi
|lentswe
|
|-
|2026
|''Wildwood''
|
|lentswe
|
|-
|2027
|''Children of Blood and Bone''
|Mohumagatsana Amari
|morago ga go dirwa
|
|}

=== Setshwantsho sa motshikinyego ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Ngwaga 
!Setlhogo
!Seabe
!Dintlhana
!Metswedi
|-
|2012
|A Taste of Romance
|Taylor
|filimi 
|
|-
|2013 go tsena 2014
|Sleepy Hollow
|Marcey Irving
|moanelwa o o tlhagelelang gangwe le gape
|
|-
|2015
|Mr. Robinson
|Halle Foster
|moanelwa mogolo
|
|-
|2017
|Neo Yokio
|Helenist
|mo sekhutlwaneng sa O, the hlenists
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019
|Drunk History
|Elizabeth Eckford
|mo sekhutlwaneng sa Trailblazers
|
|-
|Gaslight
|Sarah
|lentswe: mo dikhutlwaneng di robabongwe
|
|-
|2020
|The Eddy
|Julie
|moanelwa mogolo
|
|-
|2022
|Ziwe
|Penny
|mo sekhutlwaneng sa &quot;Critical Race Theory&quot;
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023
|RuPaul's Drag Race
|Moatlhodi, molalediwa
|mo sekhutlwaneng sa &quot;Supersized snatch Game&quot;
|
|-
|RuPaul's Drag Race:Untucked
|ene
|mo sekhutlwaneng sa &quot;Untucked&quot;
|
|-
|2024
|The Acolyte
|Osha le Mae
|baanelwa bagolo ba babedi
|
|}

=== Ditshwantsho tsa mmino ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Ngwaga 
!Setlhogo
!Moopedi
!Seabe
!Motswedi
|-
|2016
|Lemonade
|Beyonce
|Ene 
|
|}

== Dietsele le go tlhopiwa ==
Stenberg o galalediwa thata tiragatso ya gagwe mo The Hate U Give ya 2018. Mo The Hate U Give, o amogetse ditlotla tse di farologaneng tsa motshameki o o gaisitseng le dikarolo tsa ba e leng go ne ba simololang, a fenya seetsele sa Africa-America Film Critics Association, sa Hollywood Fillm, sa NAACP Image, a tlhophiwa mo Critics Choice Award, MTV Movie &amp; TV, Teen Choice, le Washington D.C Area Film Critics Association.

Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa ga Stenberg e ne e le tsa Hunger Games ya 2012, phenyo ya gagwe ya ntlha ke ya BET YoungStars Award a le dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa. O amogetse dilthopho tsa ditiragatso tsa gagwe e le monana o o lwalang mo setshwantshong sa Everything Evrything sa 2017.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Daniela Amodei</title>
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      <text bytes="4243" sha1="shug54sxarbl58a3ua2012glrk90wfj" xml:space="preserve">'''Daniela Amodei''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1986 kgotsa ngwaga wa 1987) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Will, Henshall; Perrigo, Billy (September 7, 2023). &quot;Time100 AI 2023: Dario and Daniela Amodei&quot;. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20240613011743/https://time.com/collection/time100-ai/6309047/daniela-and-dario-amodei/ Time]''&lt;/ref&gt;ke rakgwebo wa kwa Amerika. Ke Tautona  le motlhami-mmogo wa khamphani ya AI ya Anthropic, e e tlhamang metseletsele ya dimotlelara tsa dipuo tse dikgolo tse di bidiwang Claude.&lt;ref&gt;Roose, Kevin (July 11, 2023). &quot;Inside the White-Hot Center of A.I. Doomerism&quot;. ''The New York Times''.[https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/11/technology/anthropic-ai-claude-chatbot.html]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Prescott, Katie (June 26, 2024). &quot;Anthropic boss Daniela Amodei makes her pitch for 'trustworthy' AI&quot;. ''www.thetimes.com''.[https://www.thetimes.com/business/companies-markets/article/anthropic-boss-daniela-amodei-makes-her-pitch-for-trustworthy-ai-hnw37q50z]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Perrigo, Billy (30 May 2024). &quot;Inside Anthropic, the AI Company Betting That Safety Can Be a Winning Strategy&quot;. ''Time''. Retrieved 3 October 2025.[https://web.archive.org/web/20240614225156/https://time.com/6980000/anthropic/]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele ==
Rraagwe, Riccardo Amodei, e ne e le mothudi wa letlalo yo o tsholetsweng kwa Italy. Mmaagwe, e bong Elena Engel, e ne e le Moamerika wa Mojuda yo o tsholetsweng kwa Chicago, e ne e le mookamedi wa porojeke ya dilaeborari. Ke kgaitsadie Dario Amodei. Riccardo o ne a nna le mathata a boitekanelo ka nako ya bongwana jwa bone mme a tlhokafala fa ba ne ba fitlha mo bogolong. .&lt;ref&gt;Levy, Steven. &quot;If Anthropic Succeeds, a Nation of Benevolent AI Geniuses Could Be Born&quot;. ''Wired''. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2025-03-28.[https://www.wired.com/story/anthropic-benevolent-artificial-intelligence/]&lt;/ref&gt;  Daniela o alogile kwa Lowell High School.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Lowell Alumni Newsletter Fall 2005 by Lowell Alumni Association - Issuu&quot;. ''issuu.com''. 2014-08-23. Retrieved 2024-11-[https://web.archive.org/web/20241209083700/https://issuu.com/lowell_alumni_association/docs/laa_fall05/4 07]&lt;/ref&gt;  Mme a aloga summa cum laude kwa University of California, Santa Cruz ka Bachelor of Arts mo English Literature.&lt;ref&gt;Amodei, Daniela. &quot;Daniela Amodei LinkedIn&quot;.[https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniela-amodei-790bb22a/]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ==
Amodei o simolotse tiro ya gagwe mo go tsa boitekanelo jwa lefatshe le dipolotiki, a na le seabe mo letsholong le le atlegileng la go nna leloko la Kongerese kwa Pennsylvania. Morago ga moo o ne a tsamaisa tlhaeletsano ka bokhutshwane ya Moemedi wa Ntlo Matt Cartwright kwa Washington D.C., pele a tlogela dipolotiki go ya go dira mo intasetering ya thekenoloji.Ka ngwaga wa 2013, o ne a tsenela khampani ya ditirelo tsa madi ya Stripe jaaka modiri wa pele, pele a fetela kwa OpenAI ka ngwaga wa  2018.&lt;ref&gt;Palazzolo, Stephanie (April 24, 2023). &quot;How Anthropic cofounder Daniela Amodei plans to turn trust and safety into a feature, not a bug&quot;. ''Business Insider''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023.[https://www.businessinsider.com/anthropic-cofounder-daniela-amodei-trust-safety-generative-artificial-intelligence-2023-4]&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a le motlatsa Tautona  wa pabalesego le pholisi koo, mme a tsamaya ka ngwaga wa  2020 go ya go tlhama Anthropic le morwarraagwe Dario Amodei. &lt;ref&gt;Sullivan, Mark (September 6, 2023). &quot;How Anthropic's Daniela Amodei is keeping AI from spinning out of control&quot;. ''Fast Company''.[https://www.fastcompany.com/90948058/how-anthropics-daniela-amodei-is-keeping-ai-grounded-in-safety]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya  Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2023, Daniela le morwarragwe ba ne ba tlhophiwa jaaka batho ba le babedi ba Time 100 Most Influential People in AI (Time100 AI).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa  2017, Daniela o ne a nyala Holden Karnofsky, motlhami-mmogo wa setheo sa Open Philanthropy. &lt;ref&gt;McMillan, Robert; Seetharaman, Deepa (November 22, 2023). &quot;How a Fervent Belief Split Silicon Valley—and Fueled the Blowup at OpenAI&quot;. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Archived from the original on November 24, 2023.[https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/openai-blowup-effective-altruism-disaster-f46a55e8]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu</title>
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      <text bytes="23797" sha1="q9turjfreu1alkajf9wfxrzr63yf39v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Dr. Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu|office=Mothusa tona wa ditlhabololo|office1=Mothusa tona wa lephata la basadi, bana le batho ba ba tshelang ka bogole|office2=Mothusa tona wa ditiro tsa setshaba|office3=Mopalamente|birth_name=Hendrietta Ipeleng Bogopane|birth_date=Mopitlo a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 1971|citizenship=mo [[Aforika Borwa]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|spouse=Simon Zulu|awards=dietsele tsa Henry Viscardi|term_start=Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa 2014|term_end=Seetebosigo a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2024|term_start1=Phalane a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2011|term_end1=Moranang a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2014|term_start3=Motsheganong a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 2009|term_end3=Phalane a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2011|term_start4=Seetebosigo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1999|term_end4=Motsheganong a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2019|president=[[Jacob Zuma]]
[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|president1=[[Jacob Zuma]]|president2=[[Jacob Zuma]]|minister=[[Bathabile Dlamini]]
[[Susan Shabangu]]
[[Lindiwe Zulu]]|minister1=[[Lulu Xingwana]]|minister2=[[Geoff Doidge]]
[[Gwen Mahlangu-Nkabinde]]|predecessor=[[Bongi Ntuli]]|predecessor2=[[Ntopile Kganyago]]}}

'''Hendrietta Ipeleng Bogopane-Zulu''' (o o tshotsweng ka Mpitlo a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 1971) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] le molwela ditshwanelo o o berekang e le mothusa tona wa ditlhabololo fa e sale ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa 2014. O ne a emetse [[African National Congress]] (ANC) kwa palamenteng go tswa ka 1999 go tsena 2019.

Bogopane-Zulu o tshotswe a sa bone, ke molweladitshwanelo wa batho ba ba tshelang ka bogole. Pele ga a thapiwa mo maemong a gagwe a gompieno, e ne e le mothusa tona wa basadi, bana le batho ba ba tshelang ka bogole go tswa ka 2011 go stena 2014 le ele mothusa tona wa ditiro go tswa ka 2009 go tsena 2011. Sebaka sa gagwe mo maemong a mothusa tona wa ditiro, ke ka nako ya tsheko ya [[Nkandlagate]], ka jalo o ne a amega mo ditshekatshekong.

== Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le go lwela ditshwanelo ==
A tshotswe ka Mopitlo a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 1971&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/za/1999/za-government-gazette-dated-1999-06-11-no-20203.pdf &quot;General Notice: Notice 1319 of 1999 – Electoral Commission: Representatives Elected to the Various Legislatures&quot;] (PDF). ''Government Gazette of South Africa''. Vol. 408, no. 20203. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;, Bogopane-Zulu o goletse kwa [[Bophuthatswana]] (kwa e leng kgaolo ya [[Bokone Bophirima|Bokone-Bophirima]] gompieno)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.sahrc.org.za/home/21/files/Pfanelo%20Dec%20Edition%2030%20November%202012.pdf &quot;Deputy Minister Bogopane-Zulu takes us on her journey of living with disability&quot;] (PDF). ''Pfanelo''. '''3'''. December 2012 – via South African Human Rights Commission.&lt;/ref&gt;. O tshotswe a sena pono mme o ne a dirwa loaro fa a sale ngwana, a sala a bona go se kae.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Thornycroft, Peta (27 July 2001). &quot;[https://nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm01/bm0112/bm011208.htm Disabled take struggle to Parliament&quot;.] ''The Braille Monitor''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Fa godimo ga ditlankana tsa dikolo tsa ithutelo ditiro le diploma, o na le BTech ya public relations go tswa kwa [[Technikon Pretoria]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; BBA go tswa kwa [[Central University of Nicaragua]] le MBA go tswa kwa [[Azteca Universit]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;y.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230708130910/https://www.dsd.gov.za/index.php/about/ministry/deputy-minister &quot;Deputy Minister: Hendrietta Ipeleng Bogopane-Zulu, Ms&quot;.] ''Department of Social Development''. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

O tsene mo sepolotiking e le molweladitshwanelo a le matlhagatlhaga mo go lweleng ditshwanelo tsa ba na le bogole mo makgotleng a a farologaneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; E ne e le mongwe wa batlhami ba lekgotla la banana la batho ba ba tshelang ka bogole kwa Aforika Borwa la [[Disabled Youth South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ka dingwaga tsa 1996 go tsena 1999, e ne e le morulaganyi wa lenaneo la bomme ba ba tshelang ka bogole kwa lephateng la ditiro tsa setshaba le tsamaiso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/hendrietta-ipeleng-bogopane-zulu-ms &quot;Hendrietta Ipeleng Bogopane-Zulu, Ms&quot;]. ''South African Government''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako eo&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;, o ne a emetse dikgatlhego tsa batho ba ba tshelang ka bogole kwa khanseleng ya itsholelo, tlhabololo le ditiro le lekgotla la South African Qualifications Authority,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; a thusa go kwala dintlha dingwe tse di amanang le go tshela ka bogole tsa molao wa pereko wa 1998 .&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/minister-in-sex-scandal-730907 &quot;Minister in sex scandal&quot;]. ''IOL''. 7 November 2010. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya sepolotiki ==

=== Kwa morago mo palamenteng: 1999 go tsena 2009 ===
Mo ditlhophong tsa 1999, Bogopane-Zulu o ne a tlhophiwa go ya palamenteng ya Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; O ne a emetse [[African National Congress]] (ANC), o ne a setse a le leloko&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; la lekalana la phathi eo kwa [[Tshwane]] Botlhaba,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; mme e ne e le mongwe wa baemedi ba batlhano ba ba neng ba tlhophilwe mo lenaaneng la ANC ke Disabled People South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;Watermeyer, Brian; Swartz, Leslie; Lorenzo, Theresa; Schneider, Marguerite; Priestley, Mark, eds. (1 April 2007). ''[https://www.amazon.com/Disability-Social-Change-African-Agenda/dp/0796921377 Disability and Social Change: A South African Agenda]''. HSRC Press. p. 70. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7969-2137-6|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-7969-2137-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka setlha sa gagwe sa ntlha kwa palamenteng, Bogopane-Zulu e ne e le modulasetilo wa komiti ya palamente ya bana, banana le batho ba ba tshelang ka bogole, ka setlha sa bobedi,&lt;ref&gt;[https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/4983/ &quot;Election of chairperson&quot;]. ''Parliamentary Monitoring Group''. 19 October 1999. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; se se simologileng morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2004, e ne e le leloko la komiti ya ditlhabololo. Ka nako eo, o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo lekgotleng la [[World Blind Union]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; kwa a berekileng mo komiting potlana ya go fetola molaomotheo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Ditiro tsa setshaba:2009 go tsena 2011 ===
Bogopane-Zulu o ne a tlhophiwa gape go boela palamenteng ka ditlhopho tsa Moranang 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;[https://www.pa.org.za/person/hendrietta-ipeleng-bogopane-zulu/ &quot;Hendrietta Ipeleng Bogopane-Zulu&quot;.] ''People's Assembly''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;, ka Motsheganong a le lesome, tautona o mosha [[Jacob Zuma]] o ne a mo thapa e le mothusa tona wa ditiro tsa setshaba ka fa tlase ga ga tona [[Geoff Doidge]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/statement-president-jacob-zuma-appointment-new-cabinet-10-may-2009 &quot;Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet&quot;]. ''South African Government''. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha o o sa boneng sentle go thapiwa e le tona kgotsa mothusa tona&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/blind-group-praises-zuma-20090511 &quot;Blind group praises Zuma&quot;.] ''News24''. 11 May 2009. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;, e le mongwe wa matona kgotsa ba ba thusang matona ba le babedi mo matoneng a ga Jacob Zuma&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;, o mongwe e le [[Michael Masutha]].

==== Go tokafatsa tshireletso ya Nkandla ====
Fa Bogopane-Zulu a le mo lephateng la ditiro, lephata leo le ne la dumalana le tokafatso tshireletso ya lolwapa lwa ga Jacob Zuma kwa Nkandla mo go neng go ngangisanwa ka gone. Porojeke e ne ya sekasekiwa dingwaga di le mmalwa,lobaka morago ga Bogopane-Zulu a sena go tswa mo maemong ao, ene le tona Doidge ba ne ba amega mo ditshekatshekong. Ka Morule 2013, motlhatlhami wa ga Doidge, [[Thulas Nxesi,]] o ne a bega pego ya tshekatsheko ya maphata ya go tokafatsa tshiereletso; pego e e ne e supa fa Zuma a sa dira sepe se se phoso, mme ya gakolola gore Doidge le Bogopane-Zulu ba tshwanetse go tlhotlhomisiwa go ya pele go bo go na le kgonagalo ya go tlhoka go tsamaisa sentle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230722173458/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/nothing-hide-says-bogopane-zulu &quot;'Nothing to hide' says Bogopane-Zulu&quot;]. ''eNCA''. 23 December 2013. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Bogopane-Zulu o ne a latofatsa go dira sepe se seng ka fa tshwanelong, are o ne a sa botsolosiwa sentle ka nako ya dipatlisiso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2013-12-22-im-not-carrying-can-for-nkandla-says-former-minister/ &quot;I'm not carrying can for Nkandla, says former minister&quot;]. ''The Mail &amp; Guardian''. 22 December 2013. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka nako eo, pampiri ya ''[[Mail &amp; Guardian]]'' e ne e kgonne go bona mokwalololo wa pego ya tshekatsheko e e neng e dirilwe ka nako e le nngwe, e e ne e diriwa ke moatlhodi mogolo [[Thuli Madonsela]]. Go ya ka Mail &amp; Guradian, pego ya ga Madonsela e ne e supa fa Bogopane-Zulu a ne a seegetswe kwa ntle mo porojekeng ya Nkandla morago ga go botsa dipotso ka diteng tsa madi a a dirisiwang le dikonteraka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2013-11-28-payback-time-mr-president/ &quot;Nkandla report: Payback time, Zuma&quot;]. ''The Mail &amp; Guardian''. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Fa pego ya ga Madonsela ya bofelo e tswa ka Mopitlo 2014, e ne ya supa Bogopane-Zulu a ne a nnile le dipuisano ka letamo la go thuma kwa Nkandla; go begiwa fa a ne a ema nokeng go tlhomiwa ga letamo leo ka mabaka a tlhabololo, a re bana ba mo gae ba ka ithuta go thuma mo go lone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/nkandla-its-a-swimming-pool-not-a-fire-pool-20150430 &quot;Nkandla: It's a swimming pool, not a fire pool&quot;.] ''News24''. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-03-27-phiyegas-nkandla-fire-pool-claims-still-a-burning-issue-for-anc/ &quot;Phiyega's Nkandla fire pool claim still a burning issue for ANC&quot;]. ''The Mail &amp; Guardian''. 27 March 2014. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Madonsela o ne afetsa gape ka gore ga gona bosupi jo bo emang nokeng mafoko a gore Dodge le Bogopane-Zulu ba nnile le seabe mo go thapiweng ga dikonteraka tsa porojeke eo. Le fa go nste jalo, Jacob Zuma o ne a genetsa se, a tsaya lotlhakore lwa ditlhotlhomiso tsa ga Nxesi a re ditlhotlhomiso tse di tseneletseng di supa ga Doidge le Bogopane-Zulu ba nnile le seabe mo go thapiweng ga makotenaraka mangwe, le ba ba neng ba rekisa dithoto.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/the-nkandla-hit-list-20140815 &quot;The Nkandla 'hit list'&quot;.] ''News24''. 15 August 2014. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/news24/jacob-zumas-architect-i-wont-pay-20150429 &quot;Jacob Zuma's architect: 'I won't pay'&quot;.] ''News24''. 17 August 2014. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Basadi, bana le batho ba ba tshelang ka bogole: 2011 go tsena 2014 ===
Ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 2011, Zuma o ne a itsise fa go tlaa nna le tswakanyo e mo go yone Bogopane-Zulu a neng a thapiwa e le mothusa tona wa lephata la basadi, bana le batho ba ba tshelang ka bogole ka fa tlase ga ga tona [[Lulu Xingwana]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/zuma-replaces-ministers-20111024 &quot;Zuma replaces ministers&quot;.] ''News24''. 24 October 2011. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wet, Phillip De (24 October 2011). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2011-10-24-zuma-announces-far-reaching-cabinet-reshuffle-suspends-cele/ &quot;Zuma announces far-reaching cabinet reshuffle, suspends Cele&quot;.] ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Morago o ne a re tse a di ratang mo lephateng la gagwe di akaretsa go kgona go fitlhelela dilo, lehuma le [[HIV/AIDS.]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vukuzenzele.gov.za/breaking-barriers-people-disability &quot;Breaking barriers for people with disability&quot;.] ''Vuk'uzenzele''. November 2013. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhabololo: 2014 go tsena gompieno ===
Pele ga ditlhopho tsa Motsheganong 2014, Bogopane-Zulu o ne a tlhophiwa gape mo setlheng sa gagwe sa bone kwa palamenteng, a thapiwa ke Jacob Zuma go nna mothusa tona wa ditlhabololo, a bereka le tona [[Bathabile Dlamini]].&lt;ref&gt;Hogg, Alec (25 May 2014). &quot;[https://www.biznews.com/undictated/2014/05/25/jacob-zuma-appoints-new-cabinet-sa-gets-new-finance-minister Full List of Jacob Zuma's 2014 cabinet – all the Ministers and Deputies&quot;]. ''BizNews''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Dlamini le Bogopane-Zulu ba ne ba sa utlwane le go ya palamenteng, ka jalo ba ne ba kgalemelelwa go tlhoka go ya dikopanong tsa palamente.&lt;ref&gt;Makinana, Andisiwe (7 May 2017). [https://www.news24.com/bathabile-bunks-parly-meetings-20170506 &quot;Bathabile bunks Parly meetings&quot;.] ''News24''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

O ne a tswelela a nna mo maemong ao mo pusong ya ga motlhatlhami wa ga Zuma, tautona [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], ka fa tlase ga matona [[Susan Shabangu]] le [[Lindiwe Zulu]].&lt;ref&gt;Nicolson, Greg (29 May 2019). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-05-29-ramaphosa-cuts-cabinet-from-36-to-28-ministers-half-of-whom-are-women/ &quot;Ramaphosa cuts Cabinet from 36 to 28 ministers, half of whom are women&quot;]. ''Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, mo ditlhophong tsa 2019, Bogopane-Zulu o ne a nna mo maemong a le lekgolo, masome a mane le boraro mo lenaaneng la ANC a retelelwa ke go tlhophiwa gape;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Ramaphosa o ne a mo thapa gape a dirisa molao o o mo letlang go thapa bo mothusa tona ba le babedi go tswa kwa ntle ga palamente.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/current-composition-newly-sworn-6th-parliament &quot;Current composition of the newly sworn-in 6th Parliament&quot;.] ''Parliament of South Africa''. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mananeo le melao ===
Ka ngwaga wa 2016, fa a buisa lekgotla la [[United Nations General Assembly|United Nations]] (UN) la ditagi mo boemong jwa lekgotla la [[African Union]], Bogopane-Zulu o ne a kopa gore go fokodiwe kgobatso ya ditagi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2017-06-29-00-its-time-to-end-sas-war-on-drugs/ &quot;It's time to end SA's war on drugs&quot;]. ''The Mail &amp; Guardian''. 29 June 2017. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Howell, Simon (17 March 2016). [https://law.uct.ac.za/criminology/articles/2016-03-17-deputy-minister-social-development-indicates-commitment-harm-reduction-efforts-substance-use-despite &quot;Deputy Minister of Social Development indicates commitment to harm-reduction efforts for substance use despite troubles]&quot;. ''University of Cape Town''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;Tsela e e ne e ya dumalanwa mo molaong wa Aforika Borwa ka lenaneo legolo la puso. Ka ngwaga wa 2020, fa a bua gape kwa bokopanong jwa UN, Bogopane-Zulu o ne a re go dirisiwe tsela ya ditshwanelo tsa setho a re ntwa ya lefatshe la ditagi e retetse le gore go ikaega ka ditago ga go a tshwanela go diriwa tlolo molao.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/health/2020-10-03-the-case-for-decriminalising-personal-drug-use/ &quot;The case for decriminalising personal drug use&quot;]. ''The Mail &amp; Guardian''. 3 October 2020. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Bogopane-Zulu o ne a kgatlha babegadikgang ka dikakanyo tsa gagwe tsa tiriso-dikgoka ya bong, mo go neng ga ngoka theetso ya setshaba ka 2019 le 2020 morago ga polao ya ga [[Uyinene Mrwetyana]]. Ka Morule 2019, ka nako ya fa a buisa bokopano jwa UN jwa tirisodikgoka kwa [[Johannesburg]], Bogopane-Zulu o ne a re basadi ga se bone fela ba ba diragalelwang ke tirisodikgoka, mme gape ba na le seabe mo go yone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Maphanga, Canny (4 December 2019). [https://www.news24.com/we-raise-angry-boys-deputy-minister-says-women-also-to-blame-for-gender-based-violence-20191204 &quot;'We raise angry boys' – deputy minister says women also to blame for gender-based violence&quot;]. ''News24''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Head, Tom (4 December 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250425122027/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/deputy-minister-bogopane-zulu-gbv-comments-women-blame/ &quot;Deputy Minister causes a stir, says &quot;women also responsible for GBV&quot;&quot;.] ''The South African''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a re basadi ba godisa bana ba basimane ba ba shakgetseng, sekai fa bomme ba ba godisang bana ba le nosi ba ba itsa go bona bo rraabone&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;. Kwa moletlong wa kgwedi ya bomme ka Phatwe 2020, o ne a inolwa are kankere e na le seabe mo tirisong dikgoka ka e ama dirwe tsa tlhakanelo dikobo. Go ya ka pampiri ya dikgang ya Mail &amp; Guardian, o dirisitse sekai sa kankere ya popelo, are fa mosadi a le mo botlhokong, a le mo kalafing, ga a ka ke a kgona go diragatsa tiro ya gagwe ya lonyalo ya tlhakanelo dikobo le mmati wa gagwe, ka jalo ba dirisiwa ka dikgoka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/news/2020-08-27-real-action-on-gender-based-violence-a-pipe-dream-as-women-die-every-day/ &quot;Real action on gender-based violence a pipe dream as women die every day&quot;.] ''The Mail &amp; Guardian''. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a kwala motseletsele wa di tweets a tlhalosa kakanyo e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.citizen.co.za/news/bogopane-zulu-causes-a-stir-after-cancer-gender-based-violence-tweets/ &quot;Bogopane-Zulu causes a stir after cancer gender-based violence tweets&quot;.] ''The Citizen''. 22 August 2020. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Fa ba tsiboga, Sonke Gender Justice ba ne ba dumalana gore go tshwenyega mo maikutlong mo gobakiwang ke malwetse go ka baka tlhoka kutlwano mo lonaylong, mme ba re:

Tse di bakang tiriso dikgoka ya bong di fitlhelwa mo tlhoka tekatekanong ya go gatelelwa ke borre, go tlhoka go nna le ditshono tse di tshwanang le tlhaolele...go amanya tiriso dikgoka ya bong le kankere ke go itlhokomolosa tse di bakang ebile e le go nyatsa tiro e e diriwang e le go leka go rarabolola bothata jo mo setshabeng.&lt;ref&gt;McCain, Nicole (22 August 2020). [https://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/social-development-deputy-minister-claims-cancer-causes-gender-based-violence-20200822 &quot;Social development deputy minister claims cancer causes gender-based violence&quot;]. ''News24''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka nako ya segajaja sa COVID-19 kwa Aforika Borwa, Bogopane-Zulu o ne a thapiwa go nna moeteledipele wa kamore ya ntwa ya lephata la ditlhabololo, tiro ya bone e le go netefatsa gore batho ba bona madi a dithuso.&lt;ref&gt;Masuabi, Queenin (29 March 2020). [https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/lockdown-government-admits-shortcomings-puts-correctional-measures-in-place-20200329 &quot;Lockdown: Government admits shortcomings, puts correctional measures in place&quot;]. ''City Press''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tsenwa ke mogare wa COVID-19 ka Phukwi 2020.&lt;ref&gt;Shange, Naledi (13 July 2020). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2020-07-13-i-feel-fine-says-deputy-minister-after-positive-covid-19-test/ &quot;'I feel fine,' says deputy minister Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu after positive Covid-19 test&quot;.] ''Sunday Times''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Matlhabisaditlhong a go thapa ka losika ===
Ka Firikgong 2020, pampiri ya ''[[City Press]]'' e ne ya bona kgatiso ya mantswe ya 2016 ya puisano ya ga Bogopane-Zulu le Zwidofhela Mafoko, o ka nako eo e neng e le mokwadisi mo ofising ya gagwe le monna wa setlogolo sa gagwe. Mo kgaitisong eo, Bogopane-Zulu o utlwiwa a bolelela Mafoko gore o tlaa kopa gore a akarediwa mo maetong a mane a mafatshea sele, gore a kgone go dirisa madi a maeto go duelela setlogolo sa gagwe bogadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Fengu, Msindisi (27 January 2020). [https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/deputy-minister-bust-in-lobolo-subsidy-20200127 &quot;Deputy minister bust in lobolo 'subsidy'&quot;]. ''City Press''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo e e ne e bonwa e le go thapa ka losika,&lt;ref&gt;Malala, Justice (3 February 2020). [https://www.businessday.co.za/opinion/columnists/2020-02-03-justice-malala-zweli-mkhize-and-hendrietta-bogopane-zulu-should-fall-on-their-swords-over-nepotistic-crimes/ &quot;Zweli Mkhize and Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu should fall on their swords over nepotistic crimes&quot;.] ''Business Day''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ntsaluba, Gcina (28 January 2020). [https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/deputy-minister-might-have-to-pay-back-st-lobola-money/ &quot;Deputy minister might have to pay back 'S&amp;T lobola money'&quot;.] ''The Citizen''. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; mme Bogopane-Zulu o ne a latotsa gore ga go kafa molaong are:

Ga ke a dirisa madi a setshaba botlhaswa; ebile ga ke a gakolola kgotsa gorotloetsa ope go duelwa go feta ka fa melao ya pereko ya setshaba e laolang ka teng...le mo kgatisong eo, ke mme mo go nna o o lekang go thusa mo Aforika Borwa o mmotlana o o lekang go dira sengwe se se siameng...ke dirisitse se se leng teng go leka go thusa, ke sa tlole molao. Ke boditse gore, ke ka dira eng go thusa? ebile ke santse ke supa gore ke motho o o tlotlang melao ya Aforika Borwa. Go thusa ke selo se ke leng sone. Fa motho a tla kwa go nna, ke a mo thusa. Fa ke kopiwa kgakololo, ke a e fa. Go utlusa botlhoko gore selo se se e seng sa setshaba se bo se le mo dipampiring.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Ditlotla ==
Ka Ngwanatsele 2009, Bogopane-Zulu o ne a fiwa tlotla kwa dietseleng tsa top Women kwa Johannesburg, e le mosadi o o kwa godimo mo go direleng setshaba.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/publicity/20672/the-top-women-awards-winners-announced &quot;The Top Women Awards winners announced&quot;.] ''Media Update''. 20 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka go lwela ditshwanelo ga gagwe, o ne a amogela seetsele sa Henry Viscardi ka 2017.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180104205540/https://www.viscardicenter.org/2017-henry-viscardi-achievement-awards/ &quot;2017 Henry Viscardi Achievement Awards recipients&quot;.] ''Viscardi Center''. Archived from the original on 4 January 2018. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Bogopane o nyetswe ebile o na le bana ba basetsana ba le bararo, ba le babedi ba na le bogole jwa pono.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/my-disabled-children-keep-me-going-deputy-minister &quot;My disabled children keep me going – Deputy Minister&quot;.] ''South African Government News Agency''. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O nnile le ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha a sale mmotlana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; O ne a robadiwa kwa sepateleng malatsi a le lesome ka Firikgong 2014, a sena go wa kwa lwapeng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/news24/deputy-minister-discharged-from-hospital-20140130 &quot;Deputy minister discharged from hospital&quot;.] ''News24''. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka nako ya ga Bogopane-Zulu kwa lephatneg la tsa pereko, monna wa gagwe, Simon Zulu o ne a thapilwe e le mongwe wa bathusi, pele e le mothusi wa ditsamaiso le e le mothusi wa mongwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Ka Ngwanatsele 2010, pampiri ya ''[[Sunday Independent]]'' e ne ya bega gore Zulu o tlhotlhomisiwa ka kgang ya go tshwenya ka tsa tlhakanelo dikobo morago ga ngongora ya leloko le le botlaana la babereki ba ga Bogopane-Zulu. Mo dilong tse dingwe, mongongoregi o ne a re Zulu o mo romeletse melaetsa a bo a mo tshosetsa gore o tlaa kobiwa fa a sa tlhakanele dikobo le ene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/2010-12-03-husband-accused-of-being-sex-pest/ &quot;Husband accused of being sex pest&quot;.] ''Mercury''. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 02 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Pampiri e ne ya bega gape gore mongongoregi o ne a akaretsa magatwe a gore Bogopane-Zulu o itse ka matshwenyego a, a a boleletswe ka Phukwi 2010, mme o ne a rotloetsa mosadi o o gore a dire jaaka e kare ga go ise go diragale sepe, fa e kwala ka tse di diragetseng ka Zulu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Korbin Shrader</title>
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      <text bytes="10587" sha1="g5a4p3lwdxp1wk7ppqgfuc53vci8nfj" xml:space="preserve">'''Korbin Rose Shrader''' (yo o tshotsweng e le '''Albert''') ke motshameki wa [[kgwele ya dinao]] wa seporofešenale wa Moamerika yo o tshamekang fa gare wa [[OL Lyonnes]] le [[setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa United States]].

Shrader o ne a tshamekela setlhopha sa [[Notre Dame Fighting Irish]], koo a neng a le mo [[setlhopheng sa ntlha sa Amerika yotlhe]] e le moithuti wa ngwaga wa bobedi ka 2023. Morago ga moo o ne a saena le Paris Saint-Germain.

Shrader o ne a tshamekela setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le masome mabedi pele ga a tshameka lekgetlho la ntlha la boditšhabatšhaba ka 2023. O ne a gapa seetsele sa gauta le setlhopha sa bosetšhaba kwa [[Diolimpiking tsa Paris tsa 2024]].

== Botshelo jwa pele ==
Shrader o tsholetswe kwa [[Grayslake, Illinois]], e leng torotswana ya Chicago, mme o ne a itsege thata mo gare ga setlhopha sa batshameki ba [[USYNT]] fa a ne a tshamekela [[Setlhopha sa Kgwele ya Dinao sa Eclipse Select]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-player-profile/korbin-albert/pid-113719 &quot;Korbin Albert&quot;]. ''TopDrawerSoccer.com''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le selemo sa 2019 le setlhopha sa WPSL sa FC Milwaukee Torrent.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jsonline.com/story/sports/olympics/2024/08/01/in-2019-korbin-albert-was-in-milwaukee-now-shes-in-paris-for-uswnt/74637167007/ &quot;Before Korbin Albert scored a goal for USWNT in the Olympics, she spent time in Milwaukee&quot;]. ''JSOnline.com''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo pakeng eo, o ne a emela setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa basha sa US mo ditlhopheng tse di farologaneng tsa dingwaga mme gape o ne a bidiwa motshameki wa paka ya liki ya Eclipse mo lefelong la gagwe gabedi (2018–19 le 2020–21).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/ecnl-announces-20-21-players-of-the-year_aid49789 &quot;ECNL announces 20/21 Players of the Year | Club Soccer | Youth Soccer&quot;]. ''TopDrawerSoccer.com''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/ecnl-players-of-the-year-for-2018-2019_aid46432 &quot;ECNL Players of the Year for 2018/2019 | Club Soccer | Youth Soccer&quot;]. ''TopDrawerSoccer.com''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya kholetšhe ==
Shrader o ne a tlhaolwa gape mme a tsenela Yunibesithi ya Notre Dame ngwaga mo tshimologong ya 2021.[6] Mo dipakeng tse pedi tse a neng a le kwa yunibesithing, o ne a newa ditlotla di le mmalwa ka bongwe ka ntlha ya tiragatso ya gagwe. Mo pakeng ya 2021, o ne a bidiwa jaaka karolo ya Best XI ya basha ba naga ka bophara fa gape a ne a bidiwa setlhopha sa boraro sa Khonferense ya Lebopo la Atlantic Yotlhe (ACC).[7]

Mo setlheng sa gagwe sa bobedi le sa bofelo ka 2022, Shrader e ne e le tlhopho ya setlhopha sa ntlha sa All-America le All-ACC.[8][9] Gape o ne a bidiwa Motshamiki wa Ngwaga wa ACC mme e ne e le mofenyi wa makgaolakgang wa Sejana sa Hermann se se neng se newa motshameki yo o gaisang wa kholetšhe mo nageng.[10][11] O ne a nosa makgetlo a le mararo mo metshamekong e le mene ya kgato ya go kgaola ya Kgaisano ya NCAA ya 2022, mme setlhopha sa gagwe se ne sa fedisiwa ke bagaisani ba khonferense North Carolina kwa kgatong ya kotarafaenale.[citation needed]

== Tiro ya setlhopha ==

=== Paris Saint-Germain (2023–2025) ===
Ka Ferikgong 31, 2023, Shrader o ne a tlogela semmuso dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bofelo tse pedi tsa go tshwanelega le Notre Dame go saenela Paris Saint-Germain ka konteraka ya ntlha ya dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo.[12] O nositse nno ya gagwe ya ntlha le setlhopha sa gagwe se seša ka Sedimonthole 20, 2023, mo motshamekong wa UEFA Champions League kgatlhanong le AS Roma.[13]

=== OL Lyonnes ===
Ka di 4 Phukwi 2025, Shrader o ne a tsenela OL Lyonnes semmuso ka phetisetso ya mahala go tswa kwa Paris Saint-Germain. O saenile konteraka ya dingwaga di le tharo e e tla tswelelang go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 2028.[14] Ka di 27 Lwetse 2025, o ne a nosa dino tse tharo tsa metsotso e le 15 mme a thusa Lindsey Heaps mo motshamekong wa gagwe wa ntlha kwa gae kgatlhanong le setlhopha sa gagwe sa pele sa Paris Saint-Germain.[15]

== Tiro ya boditšhabatšhaba ==
Shrader e bile mosha wa boditšhabatšhaba wa Amerika mo maemong a a farologaneng a a farologaneng. Ka Seetebosigo 2022, e ne e le karolo ya setlhopha se se neng se emetse United States kwa Sud Ladies Cup kwa setlhopha se neng sa rwesiwa serwalatlhogo sa bommampodi.[16] Ka Phukwi 25, 2022, o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng sa US sa Sejana sa Lefatshe sa U-20 kwa Costa Rica.[17] O simolotse metshameko e le mebedi kwa kgaisanong le fa United States e ne ya fedisiwa mo kgatong ya ditlhopha.[18] Ka kakaretso, o ne a tshamekela setlhopha sa U-20 makgetlo a le marataro.[19]

Ka Ngwanatsele 2023, Shrader o ne a amogela pitso ya gagwe ya ntlha go tsena mo setlhopheng se segolo sa bosetšhaba,[20] mme a dira lekgetlo la gagwe la ntlha la boditšhabatšhaba kgatlhanong le China mo motshamekong wa botsalano ka Sedimonthole 5, 2023. O ne a bona tshimologo ya gagwe ya ntlha le kepisi ya bobedi ka Tlhakole 20, 2024, kgatlhanong le Dominican Gold Republic ya CONCAC W2 ma2. Sejana.[21]

Shrader o ne a tlhophiwa mo lenaaneng la batshameki ba le 18 ba Diolimpiki tsa Selemo tsa 2024 kwa Fora.[22] O ne a nosa nno ya gagwe ya ntlha ya boditšhabatšhaba go thusa go fenya Australia ka 2-1 mo motshamekong wa boraro wa setlhopha sa Diolimpiki ka Phukwi 31.[23] O simolotse mo motshamekong wa mmentlele wa gauta kgatlhanong le Brazil, o United States e neng ya o fenya ka 1-0 ka nno e e tswang kwa go Mallory Swanson e e neng ya thusiwa ke go feta go tswa kwa go Shrader.[24]

== Mukubuku wa bobegadikgang jwa maranyane ==
Ka Mopitlwe 2024, Shrader o ne a rata le go phouseta gape diphousete di le mmalwa tsa media wa botsalano tse di kgatlhanong le LGBTQ+, go akaretsa le bidio ya thero mo TikTok e e neng e re go nna sodoma kgotsa &quot;go ikutlwa o le motho yo o fetogileng bong&quot; go ne go &quot;fosagetse&quot;.[25][26][27] Hisitori ya gagwe ya media wa botsalano gape e senotse gore o ne a rata meme e e neng e keteka kgobalo ya ga Megan Rapinoe mo makgaolakgannyeng a NWSL a 2023.[25][28] Moragonyana Shrader o ne a phouseta maitshwarelo ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe mo metsweding ya dikgang mo akhaontong ya gagwe ya Instagram.[25][26][27] Batshameki ba le mmalwa ba nako e e fetileng le ba ga jaana ba setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa basadi sa United States, go akaretsa le mokapotene wa setlhopha, Lindsey Horan, le Alex Morgan, ba ne ba kgala Shrader ka tiragalo eno.[29][30][31]

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Shrader o ne a nyalana le motshameki wa [[Indianapolis Colts]] [[Spencer Shrader]] ka Phukwi 2025, mme morago ga moo a simolola go dirisa leina la gagwe la lenyalo.&lt;ref&gt;Vertelney, Seth. [https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/uswnt/2025/07/16/uswnt-midfielder-albert-marries-colts-kicker-shrader/85239341007/ &quot;USWNT midfielder Albert marries Colts kicker Shrader&quot;]. ''Pro Soccer Wire''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dipalopalo tsa tiro ==

=== Setlhopha ===
''Go ema ka motshameko o o tshamekilweng ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe, 2024''&lt;ref&gt;[https://int.soccerway.com/players/korbin-albert/846528/ &quot;USA – K. Albert – Profile with news, career statistics and history – Soccerway&quot;]. ''soccerway.com''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Metshameko le dino go ya ka setlhopha, setlha le kgaisano
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Setlhopha
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |setlha
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Liki
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Palogotlhe
|-
!Division
!Metshameko
!Dino
!Metshameko
!Dino
!Metshameko
!Dino
!Metshameko
!Dino
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Paris Saint-Germain
|2022–23
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Première Ligue
|7
|0
|2
|0
|1
|0
|10
|0
|-
|2023–24
|15
|1
|1
|0
|10
|2
|26
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Palogotlhe ya tiro
!22
!1
!3
!0
!11
!2
!36
!3
|}

# e akaretsa [[Coupe de France]]
# e akaretsa [[UEFA Women's Champions League]]

=== Boditshabatshaba ===

: ''Go'' ''ema ka motshameko o o tshamekilweng ka Moranang a ferabobedi, 2025''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Metshameko le dino go ya ka setlhopha sa bosetshaba le ngwaga
!Setlhopha sa bosetshaba
!Ngwaga
!Metshameko
!Dino
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[United States]]
|2023
|1
|0
|-
|2024
|21
|1
|-
|2025
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Palogotlhe
!26
!1
|}

: ''Dino le maduo di kwadile palo ya dintlha tsa United States pele, kholomo ya dintlha e bontsha dino morago ga nno nngwe le nngwe ya Shrader.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Lenaane la dino tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di nositsweng ke Korbin Shrader
!No.
!Letsatsi
!Lefelo
!Moganetsi
!Dino
!Maduo
!Kgaisano
!&lt;abbr&gt;Ref.&lt;/abbr&gt;
|-
|1
|July 31, 2024
|[[Marseille]], France
| [[Australia]]
|2–0
|2–1
|[[2024 Summer Olympics]]
|&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/07/usa-vs-australia-score-result-goals-stats-highlights-match-recap-paris-olympics-july-31 &quot;U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Australia 2-1 to Claim Top Spot in Group B at 2024 Summer Olympics&quot;]. ''U.S. Soccer''. July 31, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ditlotla ==
'''Paris Saint-Germain'''

* [[Coupe de France]]: 2023–24&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250318025026/https://www.fff.fr/article/12448-le-psg-puissance-4.html &quot;LE PSG PUISSANCE 4&quot;] (in French). May 4, 2024. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''United States'''

* [[Summer Olympic Games]] seetsele sa gauta: 2024&lt;ref&gt;Jurejko, Jonathan (August 10, 2024). [https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t &quot;Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold&quot;]. ''BBC Sport''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[CONCACAF W Gold Cup]]: 2024&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/horan-the-hero-as-usa-down-brazil-to-win-w-gold-cup-crown/ &quot;Horan the hero as USA down Brazil to win W Gold Cup crown&quot;]. ''CONCACAF.com''. March 11, 2024. Retrieved 2 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[SheBelieves Cup]]: 2024&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap &quot;2024 Shebelieves Cup final USWNT vs Canada result&quot;]. ''U.S. Soccer''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ka bongwe'''

* [[Hermann Trophy]] Finalist: 2022&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ncaa.com/news/soccer-women/article/2022-12-08/2022-womens-soccer-mac-hermann-trophy-finalists-announced &quot;2022 women's soccer MAC Hermann Trophy finalists announced | NCAA.com&quot;]. ''ncaa.com''. Retrieved 3 Sedimonthole 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ACC Midfielder of the Year: 2022
* [[NCAA Division I First-Team All-America]]: 2022
* All-ACC: 2021 (3rd Team), 2022 (1st Team),
* ECNL Player of the Year: 2018–19, 2020–21

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Elinor Sisulu</title>
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      <text bytes="9612" sha1="ktxw428iyju051c1g2zxl3ra6aw8fen" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Elinor Sisulu|birth_name=Elinor Batezat|birth_place=[[Salisbury]] [[Rhodesia]]|alma mater=[[University of Zimbabwe]]
[[International Institute of Social Studies]]|occupation=Mokwadi le molwela ditshwanelo|notable works=Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime|spouse=[[Max Sisulu]]|awards=[[Noma Award for Publishing in Africa]]}}

'''Elinor Sisulu''' (o a neng a fana ka Batezat pele) ke mokwadi wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] le motlhami wa lekgotla la Puku Children's Literature Foundation. O ne a fiwa setsele sa [[Chevalier de L'Ordre des Artes et des Lettres]] ke puso ya [[France]] le seetsele sa [[UNESCO King Sejong]].

== Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le thuto ==
Fa a tsholwa o ne a fiwa leina la '''Elinor Batezat''',&lt;ref&gt;Kizilos, Katherine (8 November 2004)[https://www.theage.com.au/world/father-who-cried-freedom-20041108-gdyxrv.html . &quot;Father who cried freedom&quot;.] ''The Age''.&lt;/ref&gt; kwa [[Salisbury]], [[Rhodesia]] (kwa e leng [[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]] gompieno), ke batsadi Francis Bazetat le Betty Stuhardt, o e neng e le morwadia George Stuhardt. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170408182414/http://whoswho.co.za/elinor-sisulu-2681 &quot;Elinor Sisulu&quot;]. ''Who's Who Southern Africa''. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;Elinor o goletse kwa [[Bulawayo]]. O tsene sekolo kwa [[University of Zimbabwe]], kwa United Nations Institute for Economic Planning and Development kwa [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] le International Institute of Social Studies kwa [[The Hague]]. Fa a le kwa Holland o ne a kopana le Max Sisulu, o a tla nyalanang le ene mo tsamaong ya nako.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131212054647/http://agi.ac.za/person/elinor-sisulu &quot;Elinor Sisulu&quot;]. African Gender Institute. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Larson, Charles R. (1 February 2002). [https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Rooted+in+History+-+Elinor+Sisulu+stresses+the+need+for+imaginative...-a082780997 &quot;Rooted in History - Elinor Sisulu stresses the need for imaginative literature for African children&quot;]. ''World and I''. Retrieved 03 December 2025 – via The Free Library.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya go lwela ditshwanelo ==
O berekile e le mosekaseki wa itsholelo wa lephata la pereko kwa Zimbabwe. Go tswa ka 1987 go tsena 1990, o ne a bereka kwa ofising ya Lusaka la International Labour Organisation. Sisulu o ne a boela [[Johannesburg]], Aforika Borwa le lolwapa lwa gagwe ka 1991 morago ga go fela ga puso ya tlhaolele. O berekile thata e le mokwadi le morulaganyi o o ikemetseng go tswa ka 1991 go tsena 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sisulu o thusitse go tlhama Crisis Coalition of Zimbabwe, o berekela kwa ofising ya lone kwa Johannesburg. O rulagantse dipego tsa lekgotla la ditlhopho la Independent Electoral Authority of South Africa le World Food Programme. O rulagantse bokopano jwa Themba Lesizwe jwa Civil Society and Justice Zimbabwe, jo bo neng bo tshwaretswe kwa Johannesburg ka 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Sisulu ke leloko la [[Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/author/elinor-sisulu &quot;Contributor: Elinor Sisulu, Writer, Human Rights Activist and Political Analyst&quot;]. ''The Huffington Post''. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya go kwala ==
Ka ngwaga wa 1994, Sisulu o ne a kwala buka ya bana e bidiwa ''The Day Gofo Went to Vote'', e e buang ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa 1994 morago ga puso ya tlhaolele tsa kwa Aforika Borwa. Ka ngwaga wa 2022, o ne a gatisa buka ya botshelo jwa batsadi ba monna wa gagwe, e bidiwa ''Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetim''e,&lt;ref&gt;Marsh, Jon (4 December 2003). [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/walter-and-albertina-sisulu-in-our-lifetime-by-elinor-sisulu-81149.html &quot;Walter and Albertina Sisulu: in our lifetime by Elinor Sisulu | Struggle, separation and solidarity&quot;]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; e e neng ya amogela seetsele sa Noma sa kgatiso mo Aforika, gape o ne le a mo maemong a bobedi a seetsele sa Sunday Times sa Alan Paton Non-Fiction Award.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/48724983 &quot;Feminist Africa Speaks about Writing and Reading as Political Engagement to Elinor Sisulu, Zimbabwean Feminist Writer Whose Biography, Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime, Was Published in December 2002. The Author Has Received the Noma Prize for the Best African Book in 2003&quot;]. ''Feminist Africa'' (2). 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Dikgatiso tsa gagwe tse dikhutshwane di akaretsa &quot;A different kind of holocaust: a personal reflection on HIV/AIDS&quot; e e neng e gatisitswe mo African Gender Institute Newsletter ya bosupa ya University of Cape Town, ka Morule 2000,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Quoted in Wallace M. Alston, Michael Welker (eds), ''Reformed Theology: Identity and Ecumenicity II : Biblical Interpretation in the Reformed Tradition'', Volume 2, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007, p. 1.&lt;/ref&gt;le &quot;The 50th anniversary of the 1956 Women's March: a persona recollection&quot; e gatisitswe mo Feminist Africa ka 2006.&lt;ref&gt;Sisulu, Elinor (September 2006). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/48726015 &quot;The 50th anniversary of the 1956 Women's March: a personal recollection&quot;]. ''Feminist Africa'' (6): 73–76. ISSN 1726-4596.&lt;/ref&gt; Sisulu o ne a kwala mafoko a pele a buka ya ga Jestina Mukoko ya ''The Abduction and Trial of Jestina Mukoko: the Fight for Human Rights in Zimabwe''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.searchhounds.com/articles/noma-culinary-innovation-in-copenhagen.html?psystem=PW&amp;domain=www.atmm.co.za&amp;expId=parking_pw_4537_gdads-rsoc &quot;Autobiography: The abduction and trial of Jestina Mukoko; the fight for human rights in Zimbabwe&quot;.] ''www.atmm.co.za''. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Sisulu ke leloko la lekgotla le le rulaganyang meletlo ya botaki, motlhokomedi wa Heal Zimbabwe&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; le modulasetilo wa lekgotla la Book Development Foundation of the Center for the Book kwa Kapa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ke motlhami le mookamedi wa lekgotla la Puku Children's Literature Foundation.&lt;ref&gt;Sisulu, Elinor; Melt Myburgh (7 October 2021). [https://www.litnet.co.za/elinor-sisulu-and-pukus-combat-against-the-cognitive-catastrophe-of-illiteracy/ &quot;Elinor Sisulu and Puku's combat against the 'cognitive catastrophe' of illiteracy&quot;.] ''litnet.co.za''. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251113085437/https://www.puku.co.za/about/#team &quot;About the Puku Foundation | Our Team&quot;.] ''Puku''. 2 February 2017. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dietsele le ditlotla ==
Buka ya ga Sisulu ya Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime ya (2002 e amogetse seetsele sa Noma sa buka ya Aforika e e gaisitseng ka 2003.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251113085437/https://www.puku.co.za/about/#team &quot;About the Puku Foundation | Our Team&quot;]. ''Puku''. 2 February 2017. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo tirong ya gagwe mo lekgotleng la Puku, puso ya France e ne ya mo atswa ka seetsele sa Chevalier de L'Ordre des Artes et des Lettres le sa UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251113085437/https://www.puku.co.za/about/#team &quot;About the Puku Foundation | Our Team&quot;.] ''Puku''. 2 February 2017. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 2019, o ne a neelwa seetsele sa doctorate ke [[University of Pretoria]].&lt;ref&gt;Hoosain, Shakira (15 April 2019). [https://www.up.ac.za/news/post_2803530-elinor-sisulu-human-rights-activist-and-author-receives-up-honorary-doctorate &quot;Elinor Sisulu, human rights activist and author, receives UP honorary doctorate&quot;.] University of Pretoria. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 2023, Sisulu o ne a amogela setlankana sa modulasetilo le kopi tsa South African Literary Awards, ka tiro e ntle mo dibukeng tsa bana mo dingwageng di le dintsi e le mokwadi, le mmueledi wa tiriso ya dipuo tsa mo gae, le e le molwela ditshwanelo wa go akaretsa kgonagalo ya go bona dibuka ga bana.&lt;ref&gt;Kaabwe, Melvin (12 December 2023). [https://www.puku.co.za/2023/12/12/elinor-sisulu-receives-sa-literary-award/ &quot;Elinor Sisulu Receives SA Literary Award&quot;.] Puku Children's Literature Foundation. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dibuka ==

* ''The Day Gogo Went to Vote (buka ya bana), ya 1994''
* ''Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime, ka 2002''

=== Ditsebe tse di tlhophilweng ===

* Nelson Mandela Remembered, mo [[The Observer]], ka Morule a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2013&lt;ref&gt;Sisulu, Elinor (15 December 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2013/dec/15/nelson-mandela-obituary-elinor-sisulu &quot;Nelson Mandela remembered by Elinor Sisulu&quot;.] ''The Observer''. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;
* Apprecation: Chenjerai Hove, 1956 - 2015, mo The Observer, Phukwi a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa 2015&lt;ref&gt;Sisulu, Elinor (26 July 2015)[https://www.theguardian.com/global/2015/jul/26/chenjerai-hove-appreciation-by-elinor-sisulu-obituary-national-treasure-zimbabwe-mugabe . &quot;Obituary | Appreciation: Chenjerai Hove, 1956-2015&quot;.] ''The Observer''. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;
* Lagos, one long literary and artistic lime, o Johannesburg Review of Books, ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2017&lt;ref&gt;[https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/06/05/lagos-one-long-literary-and-artistic-lime-etisalat-prize-judge-elinor-sisulu-reflects-on-a-trip-of-note/ &quot;Lagos, one long literary and artistic lime: Etisalat Prize judge Elinor Sisulu reflects on a trip of note&quot;]. ''Johannesburg Review of Books''. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 03 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Edna Kiplagat</title>
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      <text bytes="14856" sha1="91f92ft0sj3w6yheotlyl6eyrtal6c0" xml:space="preserve">'''Edna Ngeringwony Kiplagat''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le lesome le botlhano (15) ka ngwaga wa 1979) ke motabogi wa sekgala se seleele wa kwa Kenya. E ne e le mmampodi wa lefatshe ka ngwaga wa 2011 le ka ngwaga wa 2013 mo marathong. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Women's Marathon - Kiplagat leads historical sweep for Kenya&quot;. ''German Road Races''. IAAF. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2016.[https://web.archive.org/web/20170824133833/http://www.germanroadraces.de/24-1-24778-womens-marathon--kiplagat-leads-historical-sweep.html]&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a itshupa e le motabogi wa maemo a a kwa godimo wa marathone ka go fenya kwa Los Angeles le New York City Marathons ka ngwaga wa 2010. Rekoto ya gagwe e e kwa godimo mo sekgaleng seo ke ya diura di le 2:19:50 e a e beileng kwa London Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2012. A le dingwaga di le masome a mararo le bosupa (37), Kiplagat o ne a fenya Boston Marathon ka ngwaga wa  2017 ka nako ya diura di le 2:21:52, mme a gapa sekgele sa selefera sa marathon kwa IAAF World Championships kwa London..&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;2017 Boston Marathon Top Finishers&quot;. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April [https://web.archive.org/web/20130422042138/http://www.baa.org/top-finishers.html 2017]&lt;/ref&gt;Ka nako ya fa a ne a na le dingwaga di le masome a mararo le boferabongwe (39), o ne a le wa bobedi kwa Boston Marathon wa ngwaga wa 2019 mme a nna wa bone mo kgaisanong ya Metshameko ya Lefatshe e e neng ya latela. A le dingwaga di le masome a mane le  bongwe (41), o ne a fenya Boston Marathon wa ngwaga wa 2021, a nna mofenyi yo mogolo go gaisa mo World Marathon Major (monna kgotsa mosadi).

== Tiro ==
Kwa sekgaleng sa dimetara di le 3000, Kiplagat o ne a gapa sekgele sa selefera kwa Dikgaisanyong tsa Lefatshe tsa Bašwa tsa ngwaga wa 1996 le sekgele sa boronse kwa Dikgaisanyong tsa Lefatshe tsa Bašwa tsa ngwaga wa 1998.

O ne a fetsa a le lesome le boraro mo lobelong lo loleele kwa Dikgaisanyong tsa Lefatshe tsa Cross Country ka ngwaga wa 2006. Mo go yone paka eo o ne a rekota rekoto ya gagwe e e gaisang mo metareng ya 5000, ka metsotso e le 15:57.3 ka kgwedi ya Phukwi kwa Nairobi, le halofo ya marathone, ka diura tse 1:09:32 ka Diphalane kwa San Jose. Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa 2007 o ne a taboga dimetara di le 10 000 ka metsotso e le 33:27.0 kwa Nairobi.&lt;ref&gt;Edna Kiplagat at World [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14289137 Athletics]&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a fenya Virginia Beach Rock 'n' Roll Half Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2006, Lilac Bloomsday Run ka ngwaga wa 2007 le Bay to Breakers ka ngwaga wa  2007 (San Francisco).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Edna Kiplagat runs to Half Marathon victory in Virginia Beach&quot;. IAAF. 4 September 2006. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012.[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021094036/http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind%3D131072/newsId%3D36069.html]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2010'''

Kiplagat o ne a feletsa a le mo maemong a bobedi morago ga Emily Chebet kwa kgwedi ya  2010 Freihofer's Run for Women, a taboga ka nako ya 15:20 mme a gapa $5000 mo tseleng. &lt;ref&gt;Pardham, Ed (6 June 2010). &quot;Chebet beats the heat to set course record in Albany 5K&quot;. IAAF. Retrieved 24 April 2016.[https://worldathletics.org/news/news/chebet-beats-the-heat-to-set-course-record-in]&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a kgona go tsaya maemo a boraro kwa Beach to Beacon race ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa 2010,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Course record for Chepkurui in Cape Elizabeth 10K&quot;. IAAF. 8 August 2010. Retrieved 24 April [https://worldathletics.org/news/news/course-record-for-chepkurui-in-cape-elizabeth 2016]&lt;/ref&gt;mme a fetsa go dira jalo kwa Falmouth Road Race dibeke di le pedi morago ga moo (a fetsa kwa morago ga Lineth Chepkurui le Wude Ayalew kwa dikgaisanong ka bobedi).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Gebremariam and Yimer the winners in Falmouth&quot;. IAAF. 16 August 2010. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 16 August [https://web.archive.org/web/20100818165230/http://www.iaaf.org/WHM10/news/kind%3D100/newsid%3D57997.html 2010]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kiplagat o ne a fenya Los Angeles Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2010, e ne e le marathone wa gagwe wa bobedi, mme a tswelela go fenya New York City Marathon ka ngwaga wa  2010. O ne a fenya basadi ba babedi ba ba neng ba simolola go taboga mo marathong, e bong Shalane Flanagan wa kwa United States le Mary Keitany wa kwa Kenya, ba ba neng ba tsaya maemo a bobedi le a boraro.

'''2011'''

O ne a taboga nako e e gaisang ya 1:09:00 mo New York City Half Marathon, a fetsa e le mofenyi wa bobedi morago ga Caroline Rotich.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Farah triumphs in Half Marathon debut in New York&quot;. IAAF. 20 March 2011. Retrieved 24 April [https://worldathletics.org/news/news/farah-triumphs-in-half-marathon-debut-in-new 2016]&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a lwa le Keitany gape kwa London Marathon wa ngwaga wa 2011, mme o ne a fenngwa ke moganetsi wa gagwe wa mo gae. Le fa go ntse jalo, Kiplagat o ne a itumeletse go bona maemo a boraro ka nako ya gagwe ya 2:20:46 e e neng e le nako e e gaisang ya gagwe, e e neng e le botoka mo nakong ya gagwe ya pele ka metsotso e le metlhano. &lt;ref&gt;Brown, Matthew (17 April 2011). &quot;Mutai and Keitany dominate and dazzle in London&quot;. IAAF. Retrieved 24 April [https://worldathletics.org/news/news/mutai-and-keitany-dominate-and-dazzle-in-lond 2016]&lt;/ref&gt;Kiplagat e ne e le ene yo o neng a ratiwa thata mo kgaisanong ya ngwaga wa  2011 World Championships Marathon mme o ne a atlega, a tsaya sekgele sa basadi ka nako ya diura di le 2:28:43. Phenyo ya gagwe e ne e sa bonale e tlhomamisegile fa a ne a wa mo dikilometareng di le 5 tsa bofelo, mme molekane wa gagwe wa mo setlhopheng e bile e le wa boraro Sharon Cherop o ne a ema mo gare ga lobelo go thusa Kiplagat go ema. Kiplagat, Cherop le Priscah Jeptoo ba ne ba dira gore Kenya e bone dimetale  ⁇  lekgetlo la ntlha fa morafe mongwe le mongwe o ne o tsaya dimetale tsotlhe tse tharo mo kgaisanong ya lefatshe ya marathone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;O ne a tsenela Montferland Run ka kgobalo e nnye mme a fetsa e le mofenyi wa bobedi morago ga Abebech Afework.&lt;ref&gt;van Hemert, Wim (4 December 2011). &quot;Langat and Afework the big winners in 's Heerenberg&quot;. IAAF. Retrieved 24 April [https://worldathletics.org/news/news/langat-and-afework-the-big-winners-in-s-heere 2016]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2012'''

O simolotse ka ngwaga wa 2012 ka bojang mme a tla la boraro kwa Kenya Cross Country Championships.&lt;ref&gt;Mutuota, Mutwiri (18 February 2012). &quot;Karoki and Chepkirui steal the headlines in Nairobi&quot;. IAAF. Retrieved 24 April 2016.[https://worldathletics.org/news/news/karoki-and-chepkirui-steal-the-headlines-in-n]&lt;/ref&gt; Se e ne e le go ipaakanyetsa ga gagwe ka ngwaga wa 2012 London Marathon, kwa a neng a le motabogi wa bofelo go gwetlha mofenyi wa bofelo Mary Keitany mme a fetsa lobelo e le motabogi wa bobedi ka nako ya gagwe ya 2:19:50 hours.&lt;ref&gt;Brown, Matthew (22 April 2012). &quot;Kipsang and Keitany claim London titles for Kenya&quot;. IAAF. Retrieved 24 April 2016.[https://worldathletics.org/news/news/kipsang-and-keitany-claim-london-titles-for-k-1]&lt;/ref&gt;Kiplagat o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlhopheng sa metshameko ya Diolimpiki sa Kenya ka ntlha ya seo.&lt;ref&gt;Mutuota, Mutwiri (25 April 2012). &quot;Kenya announces London Olympic Marathon squad&quot;. IAAF. Retrieved 24 April 2016.[https://worldathletics.org/news/news/kenya-announces-london-olympic-marathon-squad]&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a fenya New York Mini 10K ka June.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Kiplagat Owns Central Park at 40th Anniversary women's 10K&quot;. IAAF. 9 June 2012. Retrieved 24 April [https://worldathletics.org/news/news/kiplagat-owns-central-park-at-40th-anniversar 2016]&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa metshamekong ya ngwaga wa 2012 London Olympics o ne a retelelwa ke go boeletsa katlego ya gagwe kwa toropokgolong ya Brithani mme a kgona fela go tsaya maemo a masome a mabedi mo marathong a Olympic ka nako ya diura di le 2:27:52. Dibeke di le thataro morago ga moo o ne a taboga kwa Great North Run mme a dira botoka, a tlhoma rekoto ya gagwe ya 1:07:41 ka nako ya fa a ne a feleletsa e le motshameki wa bobedi morago ga Tirunesh Dibaba.&lt;ref&gt;Wenig, Jorg (16 September 2012). &quot;Dibaba and Kipsang take Great North Run victories – REPORT&quot;. IAAF. Retrieved 21 January [https://worldathletics.org/news/report/dibaba-and-kipsang-take-great-north-run-victo 2013]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2013'''

Edna Kiplagat gaufi le bogare jwa tsela mo Boston Marathon wa ngwaga wa  2017 e a e fentseng&lt;ref&gt;Brown, Matthew (21 April 2013). &quot;Kebede and Jeptoo shine in the London sun&quot;. IAAF. Retrieved 29 November [https://worldathletics.org/news/report/kebede-and-jeptoo-surprise-in-london 2014].&lt;/ref&gt;

Kiplagat o ne a fetsa e le mofenyi wa bobedi kwa London Marathon mo ngwageng wa bobedi o o latelanang, mo lekgetlhong leno a le kwa morago ga Priscah Jeptoo. 

Moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 2013 o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna le sereto sa lefatshe sa marathone fa a ne a amogela sekgele sa gauta sa ntlha ka letsatsi la go bulwa ga dikgaisano tsa lefatshe tsa metshameko ya diatleletiki, a fenya Valeria Straneo le Kayoko Fukushi ka nako ya diura di le 2:25:44.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Kiplagat becomes the first woman to retain marathon title&quot;. ''Hindustan Times''. Moscow. AFP. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2016.[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/kiplagat-becomes-the-first-woman-to-retain-marathon-title/story-8tRC9NAdho16jHOZFTIooJ.html]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2014'''

Morago ga go fetsa kwa podium mo go nngwe le nngwe ya dikgatiso tse tharo tse di fetileng, Kiplagat kwa bofelong o ne a fenya kwa London Marathon kwa pele ga Florence Kiplagat (yo o sa amaneng le ene) ka nako ya diura di le 2:20:21.&lt;ref&gt;Burns, John F. (13 April 2014). A Letdown in London for a British Olympic Champion. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved on 29 November 2014.[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/14/sports/international/rough-debut-for-farah-as-kipsang-captures-london-marathon.html]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kiplagat o ne a fetsa ka ngwaga wa 2014 ka 2:36:24 (a le mo maemong a bo 13) kwa New York City Marathon wa ngwaga wa 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Edna Kiplagat - 2017 Boston Marathon Media Guide&quot;. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 17 April [https://web.archive.org/web/20170418171335/http://www.bostonmarathonmediaguide.com/project/edna-kiplagat/ 2017]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2015'''

Kiplagat o ne a boela gape kwa London Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2015 ka nako ya diura tsa 2:27:16 (lefelo la bo 11). O feditse mo maemong a botlhano kwa IAAF World Championships ka ngwaga wa 2015 kwa Beijing ka nako ya 2:28:15 diura.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

'''2016'''

Ka ngwaga wa 2016 Kiplagat o ne a boela kwa Top 3 ya merafe e megolo ka dinako tse di potlakileng thata tsa go wetsa go feta ngwaga o le mongwe pele ga foo. O feditse ka nako ya diura di le 2:22:36 a le mo maemong a boraro kwa Tokyo Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2016, mme ka nako ya diura di le 2:23:28 a le mo maemong a bobedi kwa Chicago Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

'''2017'''

A na le dingwaga di le 37, Kiplagat o ne a fenya Boston Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2017 ka nako ya diura di le 2:21:52. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Pepin, Matt (17 April 2017). &quot;Edna Kiplagat cruises to victory at Boston Marathon&quot;. ''Boston Globe''. Retrieved 17 April [https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/specials/boston-marathon/2017/04/17/marathonraces/fuu4ewvfffWvNNMLDAiqEK/story.html 2017]&lt;/ref&gt;

Phenyo eno e ne e le ya gagwe ya ntlha kwa Boston Marathon morago ga go taboga ka tsela e e tlhomologileng ka dingwaga di le lesome. Kiplagat o bolela jaana: &quot;Ke dirile mo e ka nnang sengwe le sengwe mo motshamekong wa rona, mme e ne e le nngwe ya ditoro tsa me go taboga lobelo lwa Boston, e leng lobelo lwa marathone lwa bogologolo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng&quot;. &quot;E bile gape go tla raya gore ke setse ke kile ka taboga di le tlhano tsa di le thataro tsa Abbott World Marathon Majors mo godimo ga metshameko ya Diolimpiki le Dikgaisano tsa Lefatshe&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe, Kiplagat o ne a tsaya karolo mo metshamekong ya ngwaga wa 2017 World Championships in Athletics e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa London. O ne a gapa sekgele sa selefera mo marathong a basadi ka nako ya 2:27:18. O ne a eteletswe pele ke Rose Chelimo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Marathon Women − Final − Results&quot; (PDF). ''IAAF''. Retrieved 9 August [https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/5151/AT-MAR-W-f----.RS6.pdf 2017]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2021'''

Kiplagat o ne a gaisana mo ngwageng wa 2021 Boston Marathon, e e neng ya sutisetswa kwa Columbus Day holiday ka October, kwa tlase ga kgwedi pele ga letsatsi la gagwe la matsalo la bo 42. O ne a bolelwa e le mofenyi morago ga gore Diana Kipyokei, yo o neng a le kwa pele ga gagwe ka metsotswana e le 24, a se ka a kgona go tsenela kgaisano ka gonne a ne a dirisa di-corticosteroid tse di oketsang bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go taboga. Kiplagat o ne a tlhatlosediwa kwa maemong a ntlha ka tsela e e busetsang morago. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Diana Kipyokei banned for six years and stripped of 2021 Boston Marathon title&quot;. ''The Guardian''. 20 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2022.[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/dec/20/diana-kipyokei-boston-marathon-drugs-ban]&lt;/ref&gt;Phenyo ya gagwe e mo dirile motshameki wa mogaka yo mogolo go gaisa, e ka tswa e le monna kgotsa mosadi, go fenya kgaisano ya World Marathon Major. Ka nako e a neng a fenya ka yone, o ne a le mogolo ka dingwaga di le tharo go feta mosadi yo o neng a tshotse rekoto e e fetileng, Constantina Diță.

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Kiplagat o tswa kwa Iten, Kenya, mme o thapisitswe go nna lepodise.

Kiplagat o bolela jaana: &quot;Ke mongwe wa batho ba ba tlhomang sekao mo toropong le mo nageng ya gaetsho. &quot;Ke ile ka nna motlhatlheledi wa basetsana kwa sekolong mme ke ile ka thusa basadi gore ba tlhome mekgatlho ya setšhaba. Gape ke thusa bana ba ba sa kgoneng go duelela madi a sekolo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Kiplagat le monna wa gagwe ba na le bana ba le batlhano  ⁇  ba le babedi ba gagwe, ba le babedi ba ba amogetsweng go tswa go kgaitsadie yo o neng a tlhokafala ka kankere ya mabele ka ngwaga wa 2003, mme a le mongwe a amogetswe go tswa moagisaneng yo o neng a tlhokafala ka nako ya pelegi ka ngwaga wa 2013. Bana ba gagwe e bong Wendy le Carlos ba ne ba le kwa moleng wa phitlhelelo le kwa moletlong wa go mo abela sekgele ka ntlha ya phenyo ya gagwe mo lebelong la ngwaga le ngwaga la bo121 la Boston Marathon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;Ba nna kwa Longmont Colorado. O simolotse Edna Kiplagat Foundation go oketsa kitso ya kankere ya mabele. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Edna Kiplagat pips compatriot and namesake to win London Marathon&quot;. ''The Guardian''. 13 April 2014.[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/apr/13/edna-kiplagat-london-marathon-women-winner]&lt;/ref&gt;Kiplagat gape o ithaopa go dira gore batho ba itse ka ga tsamaiso ya matlakala go boloka tikologo e le phepa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;Kiplagat ke Mokatoliki wa Roma yo o ineetseng.&lt;ref&gt;King, Roxanne (12 January 2020). &quot;Kenyan Marathoner Mom Trains for Gold, Trusts in God&quot;. National Catholic Register. Retrieved 2 October [[:en:National_Catholic_Register|2024]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metshelo ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Helen Zille</title>
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      <text bytes="72536" sha1="ajripjk0lphvmnby917ilb6qzet2w2b" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Helen Zille|image=Helen Zille in Mpumalanga (cropped).jpg|caption=Zille a etetse [[Mpumalanga]] ka Firikgong 2011|honorific-prefix=Motlotlegi|office=Modulasetilo wa khansele ya [[Democratic Alliance]]|term_start=Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2019|deputy=[[Annelie Lotriet]]
[[Thomas Walters]]
[[James Masango]]
[[Ashor Sarupen]]|leader=[[John Steenhuisen]]|predecessor=[[James Selfe]]|office1=Moeteledipele wa [[Democratic Alliance]]|term_start1=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2007|term_end1=Motsheganong a le malatsi a le lesome ngwaga wa 2019|predecessor1=[[Lynne Brown]]|successor1=[[Alan Winde]]|office2=Mmatoropo wa [[Cape Town]]|term_start2=Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2006|term_end2=Moranang a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 2009|deputy2=[[Grant Haskin]]|predecessor2=[[Nomaindiya Mfeketo]]|successor2=[[Grant Haskin]] (a tshwareletse)
[[Dan Plato]]|office3=Mopalamente wa [[Aforika Borwa]]|term_start3=Moranang a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2004|term_end3=Motsheganong a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2006|constituency3=[[Kapa Bophirima]]|office4=Mopalamente wa kgaolo ya [[Kapa Bophirima]]|term_start4=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 1999|term_end4=Moranang a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa 2004|office5=Mookamedi wa ditlhaeletsanyo le botsalano le setshaba kwa [[University of Cape Town]]|term_start5=Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 1999|term_end5=Moranang a le lesome leboraro ngwaga wa 2004|birth_name=Otta Helene Zille|birth_date=Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1951|birth_place=[[Hillbrow]] [[Johannesburg]] [[Transvaal]] [[Aforika Borwa]]|party=[[Democratic Alliance]] (2000 go tsena gompieno)|otherparty=[[Democratic Party]] (pele ga 2000)|spouse=Johann Maree|children=Ba le babedi|residence=[[Cape Town]] [[Kapa Bophirima]] [[ Aforika Borwa]]|alma_mater=[[St Mary's School]] [[Waverley]] [[University of the Witwatersrand]]|occupation=Mopolotiki Molweladitshwanelo|profession=Mmegadikgang|office6=Moeteledipele wa bosupa wa [[Kapa Bophirima]]|term_start7=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2009|term_end7=Motsheganonga  le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2019|predecessor7=[[Lynne Brown]]|successor7=[[Alan Winde]]}}

'''Otta Helene Maree''' (o a neng a fana ka '''Zille''' pele&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/zille &quot;Zille&quot;.] ''Collins English Dictionary''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;, a tshotswe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1951), o o itsegeng ka leina la '''Helen Zille''', ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa.]] O berekile e le modulasetilo wa khansele ya [[Democratic Alliance]] fa e sale ka Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2019. Go tswa ka 2009 go tsena 2019, e ne e le moeteledipele wa kgaolo ya [[Kapa Bophirima]] mo ditlheng tse pedi tsa dingwaga tse tlhano setlha sengwe le sengwe,&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20090506124045976C370668 &quot;Applause as Zille secures premiership&quot;.] ''IOL''. 6 May 2009. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; gape e le leloko la palamente ya kgaolo ya Kapa Bophirima.&lt;ref&gt;[https://thepost.co.za/?fSectionId=&amp;fArticleId=vn20090430054123852C824587 Zille leaves mayor's post] Archived 30 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine Post. 30 April 2009&lt;/ref&gt; O berekile e le moeteledipele wa Democratic Alliance go tswa ka 2007 go tsena 2015 le ele mmatoropo wa toropo ya Kapa go tswa ka 2006 go tsena 2009.

Zille o kile a bo e le mmega dikgang le molwela ditshwanelo o o kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210123044835/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/236972,worlds-best-mayor-helen-zille-says-award-a-boon-for-democracy.html &quot;Earth Times: show/236972,worlds-best-mayor-helen-zille-says-award-a-boon-for-democracy.html&quot;]. ''www.earthtimes.org''. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120614053923/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/helen-zille &quot;Helen Zille&quot;]. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7998328.stm &quot;Profile: Helen Zille&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 15 April 2009. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; e ne e le mongwe wa babegadikgang ba ba neng ba upulola go fitlhiwa ga loso lwa moeteledipele wa lekgotla la [[Black Consciousness]] [[Steve Biko]] fa a berekela ''Rand Daily Mail'' ka dingwaga tsa 1970.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20070909111739807C780534 &quot;Steve Biko's legacy lives on – Zille&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; O berekile gape le Black Sash le ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di neng di lwela puso ya batho la batho ka dingwaga tsa 1980. Zille o bua diteme tsa English, [[Seburu|Afrikaans]],[[Xhosa]] le [[German]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090802172056/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=3528 &quot;Helen Zille Biography&quot;.] Archived from the original on 2 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Morago ga go tswa ga gagwe mo boeteledingpele ka Motsheganong 2019, o ne a tsena mo South African Institute of Race Relations e le moithutuntshi wa molao ka Phukwi 2019 le ntswa a ne a emisa go ithuta ka nakwana ka Phalane 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-07-28-helen-zille-joins-the-institute-of-race-relations-as-senior-policy-fellow/ &quot;Helen Zille joins the Institute of Race Relations as senior policy fellow&quot;.] ''SowetanLIVE &amp; Sunday World''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O simolotse lenaneo la podcast la gagwe la ''Tea with Helen'', ka Phatwe 2019.&lt;ref&gt;Boonzaaier, Dawie (18 August 2019). [https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Politiek/zille-wil-max-takel-en-almal-kan-luister-20190817 &quot;Zille wil Max takel – en almal kan luister&quot;.] ''Netwerk24'' (in Afrikaans). Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Zille o itsisitse setshaba ka maikaelelo a gagwe a go emela ditlhopho tsa mmatoropo wa Johannesburg.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/07/31/helen-zille-wants-to-save-south-africa-starting-in-johannesburg &quot;Helen Zille wants to save South Africa, starting in Johannesburg&quot;.] ''The Economist''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0013-0613 0013-0613]. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.enca.com/dancorder/will-helen-zille-win-joburg-mayor-race &quot;Will Helen Zille Win Joburg Mayor Race? - eNCA&quot;.] ''www.enca.com''. 4 September 2025. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le tiro ==

=== Botshelo kwa gagwe jwa pele, thuto le lolwapa ===
Hellen Zille o tsholetswe kwa [[Hillbrow]], Johannesburg, e le ngwana o motona wa batsadi ba ba neng ba tswa kwa [[Germany]] ba se mmogo ka dingwaga tsa 1930, go leka go tila dipolao tsa Nazi ka rraagwemogolo mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga mmaagwe, mmagwemogolo mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga rragwe e ne e le BaJuta.&lt;ref&gt;Schneider, Moira. [https://www.sajr.co.za/news-and-articles/2016/11/23/zille-s-jewish-roots-strike-a-poignant-note-at-book-launch Zille’s Jewish roots strike a poignant note at book launch] [https://web.archive.org/web/20191029150239/https://www.sajr.co.za/news-and-articles/2016/11/23/zille-s-jewish-roots-strike-a-poignant-note-at-book-launch Archived] 29 October 2019 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], ''South African Jewish Report'', 23 November 2016. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ne go dumelwa fa Zille e le setlogolwana sa motaki wa kwa Berlin [[Heinrich Zille]]. O file dikai tse di tsamaelanang le se ka ga ene mo ditsong mme a di boela morago mo bukeng ya botshelo jwa gagwe e a e gatisitseng ka 2016&lt;ref&gt;Helen Zille: Not Without a Fight, Cape Town 2016, S. 19–20 (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-77609-042-6&lt;/nowiki&gt;).&lt;/ref&gt;. Moitseanape wa losika wa kwa Berlin Martina Rhode o ne a kwadile pele gore go na le tlhakatlhakano mo makwalong a ga malomaagwe Heinrich gareng ga batho ba leina le le tshwanang mme ba tsholetswe kwa mafelong a a farologaneng le malatsi a bone a botsalo a farologana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://db-brandenburg.de/?page_id=1668 &quot;Der Berliner Pinselheinrich (Heinrich Zille) – Brandenburg – Datenbank&quot;.] ''db-brandenburg.de''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmaagwe e ne e le moithaopi mo ofising ya Black Sash.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldmayor.com/contest_2008/world-mayor-2008-zille.html &quot;Cape Town Mayor Helen Zille questioned by an international audience&quot;.] worldmayor.com. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Fa lolwapa lwa gagwe lo nna kwa [[Rivonia]], o ne a ithuta kwa [[Johannesburg]] kwa sekolong sa St. Mary's, [[Waverley]], sengwe sa dikolo tse di ikemetseng tsa toropo eo.&lt;ref&gt;Bronkhorst, Quinton. [https://businesstech.co.za/news/trending/70063/most-expensive-schools-in-south-africa/ &quot;Most expensive schools in South Africa&quot;.] ''businesstech.co.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O tsene sekolo kwa [[University of the Witwatersrand]], kwa a neng a aloga ka Bachelor of Arts Degree. Ka ngwaga wa 1969, o ne a nna leloko la Young Progressives, lekgotla  la banana la phathi e e gololesegileng ebile e le kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele ya [[Progressive Party]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/helen-zille-on-the-liberal-tradition &quot;Helen Zille on the liberal tradition&quot;.] 13 November 2009. &lt;q&gt;It is daunting to be speaking to the people who have mentored me politically since the day I joined the Young Progressives forty years ago&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bobegadikgang jwa sepolotiki ===
Zille o simolotse tiro ya gagwe e le mmega dikgang wa pampiri ya dikgang ya ''Rand Daily Mail'' ka 1974.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090802172056/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=3528 &quot;Who's Who: Mrs Helen Zille&quot;.] Archived from the original on 2 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Lwetse 1977, tona wa Aforika Borwa wa tshiamo le sepodise [[J.T Kruger]] o ne a itsise fa molwela ditshwanelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele [[Steve Biko]] a tlhokafetse kwa kgolegelong e le ka ntlha ya go nna sebaka se seleele a gana go ja. Zille le morulaganyi [[Allister Sparks]] ba ne ba dumela gore polelo ya ga Kruger ke go leka go fitlha sengwe, Zille o ne a kgobokanya bosupi jo bo lekaneng jwa se morago ga go batla le go buisana le dingaka tse di amegang mo tshekong eo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Morago ga kgatiso ya polelo e e neng e filwe setlhogo sa &quot;ga go na sesupo sa go gana go ja - dingaka tsa ga Biko&quot;, tona Kruger o ne a tshosetsa go fedisa pampiri eo, Zille a tshosediwa botshelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Zille le Sparks ba ne ba emelwa kwa khanseleng ya bobegadikgang ya semolao ke mmueledi [[Sydney Kentridge]]. Bobedi boo ba ne ba bonwa molato wa go bega ba gobelela, pampiri eo e ne ya patelediwa go dira paakanyo. Kentridge morago o ne a thusa go rurifatsa bonnete jwa mafoko a ga Zille fa a emetse lolwapa loora Biko fa ba batlisisa ka loso lwa gagwe. Patlisiso e e ne ya upolola gore loso lwa ga Biko e ne e le ka ntlha ya go utlwa botlhoko mo tlhogong, mme ba ne ba retelelwa ke go itse gore ke mang o o bakileng seo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080523183609/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/library-resources/online%20books/biko-no46/xi-verdict.htm &quot;Steve Biko: XI – The Verdict&quot;]. Archived from the original on 23 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille le Allister Sparks ba ne ba ithola marapo kwa ''Rand Daily Mail'', morago ga gore mong wa pampiri, Anglo American ba gwetlhe gore Sparks a emise go bua ka ditshwanelo tsa tekatekano tsa pampiri eo.&lt;ref&gt;Bridgland, Fred (18 April 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090422133346/http://news.scotsman.com/world/The-Zille-to-weaken-.5182707.jp &quot;The Zille to weaken Zuma's grip&quot;.] ''The Scotsman''. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Letsholo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele ===
Zille o ne a amega mo letsholong la Black Sasg ka dingwaga tsa 1980. O berekile mo makgotleng a kgaolo le a lefatshe, e ne e le mothusa modulasetilo wa letsholo la End Conscription kwa Kapa Bophirima. Ka nako eo, o ne a tshwarelwa go nna mo lefelong la ditlhopha a sa tshola teseletsk, a amogela nako ya go ya kgolelegelong e e neng e seegetswe kwa thoko. Zille le monna wa gagwe morago ba ne ba ntsha lolwapa lwa bone go nna botshabelo kwa balwela ditshwanelo ka nako ya seemo sa tshoganyetso ka 1986, o ne a patelediwa ka nakwana go iphitlha le ngwaba wa bone wa mosimane o a neng a le dingwaga di le pedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100914051738/http://www.stmarysschool.co.za/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=86&amp;Itemid=36 &quot;Helen Zille (St Mary's School 1962 to 1968)&quot;.] Archived from the original on 14 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille o ne tsaya karolo mo porojekeng ya Aforika Borwa  morago ga puso ya tlhaolele le komiti ya Kapa ya kagiso. Morago o ne a kgobolanya bosupi jwa komiti ya [[Goldstone]] e e neng e tlhotlhomisa maiteko a go tlhakatlhakanya Kapa Bophirima pele ga ditlhopho tsa 1994.&lt;ref&gt;Ekerold, Chrissie (9 May 2011). [[&quot;Zille has strugglehttps://www.timeslive.co.za/ideas/2011-05-09-zille-has-struggle-credentials-ilive/ credentials: iLIVE&quot;.|&quot;Zille has struggle credentials: iLIVE&quot;.]] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Not-only-ANC-fought-apartheid-Zille-20130421 &quot;Not only ANC fought apartheid Zille&quot;.] ''News24''. 21 April 2013. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille - two.jpg|thumb|Helen Zille]]

== Tiro ya melao ya tiro ==
Zille o tlhamile lekgotla le le fa bogakolodi ka molao wa setshaba ka 1989, ka 1993 o ne a neelwa maemo a mookamedi wa ditlhabolo le tsa setshaba kwa [[University of Cape Town]]. Ka nako eo Zille e ne e le modulasetilo wa lekgotla le le okametseng [[Grove Primary School]], ka 1996 o ne a etelela pele kwetlho kgatlhanong le molao wa puso o o iletsang makgotla a bookamedi dithata tsa go thapa babereki.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090111181718/http://www.dispatch.co.za/1997/10/16/page%2019n.htm &quot;Redeploying teachers set for revival&quot;.] Dispatch. 16 October 1997. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille o ne a lalediwa ke [[Democratic Party]] (e e leng Democratic Alliance gompieno) go kwala molao wa thuto kwa Kapa Bophirima. Ka ngwaga wa 1999, o ne a nna leloko la palamente ya kgaolo ya Kapa Bophirima, e le mokhanselara wa thuto.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100914051738/http://www.stmarysschool.co.za/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=86&amp;Itemid=36 &quot;Helen Zille (St Mary's School 1962 to 1968)&quot;.] Archived from the original on 14 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2004, Zille o ne a nna leloko la palamente ka phathi ya DA. Mo DA o ne a tlhatloga maemo go nna mothusa modulasetilo le mmueledi wa phathi le wa thuto&lt;ref&gt;Campbell-Gillies, Victoria, Lindeque, Mia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231112162846/https://ewn.co.za/2015/04/12/Major-milestones-in-Helen-Zilles-career Major milestones in Helen Zille's career], Johannesburg, ''EWN'', 12 April 2015. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmatoropo ==

=== Ditlhopho tsa 2006 tsa mmasepala le ts di diragetseng morago ===
[[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille.jpg|thumb|Mogwanto wa letsatsi la kgololesego ka 2011 kwa Solomon Mahlangu Freedom Square kwa [[Mamelodi]]]]
Mo ditlhophong tsa mmasepala tsa 2006, DA e ne ya nna yone phathi e nngwefela e tona kwa Kapa ka tlhopho ya 42.0%, e le kwa pele ga [[African National Congress|African National Congres]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;s (ANC). Zille o ne a tlhophiwa mmatoropo ka ditlhopho di le lekgolo le borataro go di le lekgolo le boraro ka Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2006, morago ga DA e sena go amogela kemo nokeng ya diphathi tse dingwe tse dipotlana.

Puso ya ga Zille ya diphathi tse dintsi e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go busetsa kwa morago go thapiwa ga ga [[Wallace Mgoqi]] o e neng e le mookamedi wa toropo ya Kapa, o setlha sa gagwe sa go thapiwa se neng se atolositswe ke mmatoropo o o tswang wa ANC, [[Nomaindiya Mfeketo]]. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926223425/http://www.capeinfo.com/Surveys/Interviews/Helen_Zille.asp &quot;...the best Cape Town mayor in decades... ?&quot;.] CapeInfo. April 2006. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;Tshwetso ya ga Zille e ne ya dumalanwa ke kgotlatshekelo, e e neng ya atlhola gore go okediwa ga setlha sa ga Mgoqi ke mmatoropo wa pele go ne go se ka fa molaong.

Zille o ganeditswe a bo a gwetlhiwa ke ANC, Ka Lwetse 2006, mokhanselara wa kgaolo wa ANC [[Richard Dyantyi]] o ne a itsise fa a loga maano a go dirisa komiti go na le go dirisa tsamaiso ya mmatoropo/rratoropo. Go dira jaana go ne go tlaa fokotsa dithata tsa mmatoropo kgotsa rratoropo, phathi e e busang e ka se kgone go aba manno a a lesome mo komiting, ka jalo e ne e tlaa akaretsa tekatekano ya baemedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20061026085835/http://www.sabcnews.com/politics/the_parties/0,2172,135339,00.html &quot;Leon says Mbeki behind plan to oust Zille&quot;.] SABC News. 22 September 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2006. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Dyanti le Zille ba ne ba dumalana go dirisa tsamaiso e e teng ya mmatoropo kgotsa rratoropo fa ANC e ka neelwa dikomit potlana tse pedi mo dikgaolong tse di laolwang ke ANC. Ka jalo kgang e ne ya rarabololwa jalo.&lt;ref&gt;Maclennan, Ben (1 November 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 &quot;Zille keeps the reins in Cape Town&quot;.] IOL. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dikgwetlho ===
Maikaelelo a ga Zille fa e le mmatoropo a ne a akaretsa seabe sa [[Cape Town]] mo go tshwareng metshameko ya sejana sa lefatshe sa [[FIFA]] ka 2010, ga mmogo le go agiwa ga lobala lwa metshameko lwa Kapa, lo go neng go tshwarelwa metshameko ya kgwele ya dinao e robabobedi ka 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.capetownmagazine.com/news/helen-zille-speaks-at-the-cape-town-world-cup-2010-logo-launch/10_22_2587 &quot;Helen Zille Speaks at the Cape Town World Cup 2010 Logo Launch in Cape Town&quot;.] ''capetownmagazine.com''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Matshwenyego magolo a ga Zille e ne e le tiriso botlhaswa ditagi kwa Kapa, bogolo jang crystal methamphetamine (tik). O ne a re go rotloediwe mafelo a go thusa go emisa ditagie madi a a tswang mo pusong go lwantsha tiriso ya ditagi, o ne a kopana le makgotla go bua ka kgang e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 &quot;Zille to meet with Lentegeur community&quot;]. IOL. 22 June 2007. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille o ne a gana mananeo a go akaretsa mapodisi a metro mo ditirelong tsa sepodisi ka kakaretso, are go dira jalo go tlaa fokotsa dithata tsa puso ya magae mme e tlogelele ramapodisi wa nako eo [[Jackie Selebi]]&lt;ref&gt;Ensor, Linda (28 July 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090111182217/http://www.businessday.co.za/Articles/TarkArticle.aspx?ID=2910746 &quot;The battle for Metro cops&quot;. Business Day. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2008. &lt;q&gt;According to her (Zille), Selebi was presiding over a police force that was steadily losing its ability to deliver on its mandate, and his control should not be extended.&lt;/q&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt; taolo, o morago a neng a lebisiwa molato wa tshenyetso setshaba.&lt;ref&gt;Adriaan, Basson (3 August 2010). [https://mg.co.za/article/2010-08-03-selebi-sentenced-to-15-years/ &quot;Selebi sentenced to 15 years&quot;.] ''Mail &amp; Guardian''. Retrieved 09 December 2025. &lt;q&gt;Former police chief Jackie Selebi was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment by Judge Meyer Joffe in the South Gauteng High Court on Tuesday, who called him an &quot;embarrassment to South Africa and the police&quot;&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dikatlego ===

==== Bonno le go isa ditirelo kwa bathong ====
Le ntswa puso ya kgaolo e seng ya mo gae e neetswe maikarabelo a go fa batho matlo,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190728221553/http://www.knysna.gov.za/weeklynews/the-role-of-municipalities-in-the-delivery-of-housing/ The role of Municipalities in the delivery of housing]. Archived 28 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine, ''Knysna''. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Zille o ne a re maiteko  a gagwe a mmasepala a go fetola manaane a bonno le go tokafatsa ditsamaiso tsa go rurifatsa, a letla le go fa batho matlo gore go oketsege go tswa kwa diketeng tse tharo ka ngwaga go tsena di le dikete di supa ka ngwaga ka 2006 go tsena 2008 mo pusong ya gagwe e le mmatoropo.&lt;ref&gt;Zille, Helen (11 January 2009). [https://www.polity.org.za/article/da-zille-extract-from-a-speech-by-the-leader-of-the-democratic-alliance-at-bela-bela-in-limpopo-11092009-2009-01-11 &quot;DA: Zille: Extract from a speech by the leader of the Democratic Alliance at Bela Bela in Limpopo (11/09/2009)&quot;.] Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo tsebeng ya setlhogo sa &quot;ANC e rata lehuma eseng bahumanegi&quot;, e e gatisitsweng pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2009, Zille o ne supa fa go sena madi a a seegetsweng kwa thoko go tlhabolola mekhukhu mo tsamaisong ya ANC, fa ka 2007 puso ya gagwe e ne e beile madi a metsi, motlakase le kgopo leswe.&lt;ref&gt;Zille, Helen. [https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/the-anc-is-propoverty-not-propoor--helen-zille &quot;ANC is pro-poverty not pro-poor&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moeteledipele wa DA ==
[[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille and Gauteng DA leader Janet Semple.jpg|thumb|Zille le moeteledipele wa DA wa [[Gauteng]] Janet Semple]]

==== Ditlhopho ====
Ka Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2007, Zille o ne ipaya ntlhopheng o o yang go tlhatlhama moeteledipele o o tswang wa DA,[[Tony Leon]]. E ne e le mmamoratwa go tswa kwa tshimologong, a na le kemo nokeng ya [[Kapa Bophirima]], [[Gauteng|Gauteng,]] [[KwaZulu-Natal]],[[Mpumalanga]], [[Kapa Bokone]], [[Free State]] le [[Kapa Botlhaba]].&lt;ref&gt;Majova 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tlhophiwa e le moeteledipele o mosha ke bontsi ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2007. O ne a supa fa a tlaa etelela pele phathi kwa ntle ga palamente, fa a tswelela ka maemo a gagwe a mmatoropo wa Kapa.

==== Mathata ====
[[Setshwantsho:De Lille Zille.jpg|thumb|Helen Zille le Patricia de Lille kwa bokopanong jwa DA ka 2010]]
Fa a nna moeteledipele wa DA, Zille o ne a gwetlha puso e e busang ka dikgang di le dintsi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2007-08-28-mbeki-and-zille-meet-on-range-of-issues/ Mbeki and Zille meet on range of issues], ''Mail &amp; Guardian'', 28 August 2007. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Borukutlhi ====
Sengwe se se neng se tshwentse Zille e ne e le go tsibogela dipalo tsa borukutlhi jwa puso tse di neng di ntshitswe ka Phukwi 2007.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 &quot;'Bland' government ducking the facts — Zille&quot;]. IOL. 7 July 2007. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a supa puso ka monwana are e atswa dirukutlhi ka go baya ba ba lebisitsweng melato kwa godimo mo lenaaneng la bone la bopalamente.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2009-01-23-zille-anc-rewards-crime/ &quot;Zille: ANC rewards crime&quot;]. 23 January 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Zille o ne a re DA e tlaa busetsa makgotlana a tshireletso ya bana a South African Narcotics Bureau le Scorpions Unit, a otlhe a phatlhaladitsweng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2008-03-08-zille-heroin-easier-to-buy-than-hamburgers/ &quot;Zille: Heroin easier to buy than hamburgers&quot;]. 8 March 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Phatwe 2008, Zille o ne a itsise dikakanyo tsa go oketsa palo ya mapodisi go nna dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano, go thapa basekaseki ba sepodisi ba bangwe ba le dikete di le masome a mararo, go tlhabolola mananeo le tiriso ya botegeniki, le go fetola tsamaiso ya tshiamo. O ne a re lenaneo le lesha la phathi kgatlhanong le borukutlhi le tlaa akaretsa go nna teng ga letlole la batswasetlhabelo ba borukutlhi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110613142446/http://www.da.org.za/?p=28 &quot;Conquering fear, commanding hope: the DA's criminal justice plan&quot;.] Archived from the original on 13 June 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Botsogo ====
[[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille in Mpumalanga 2011.jpg|thumb|Zille a gwanta kwa [[Mpumalanga]] pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2011 tsa mmasepala]]
Zille o ne a le kgatlhanong le  molao wa go fetola seemo sa botsogo, o o neng o letla go tsaya karolo ga puso mo maphateng a botsogo a a ikemetseng. O ne a re puso e tlaa senya tsamaiso. O ne a re go na le kgonagalo ya gore puso e ka kganela dikete tsa baitseanape ba botsogo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://allafrica.com/stories/200806100145.html &quot;South Africa: Zille Says Health Bill Will Drive Skills Away&quot;.] allAfrica. 10 June 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Ene le phathi ya gagwe ya sepolotiki ba ne ba tla ka mogopolo o sele wa lenaneo la botsogo la go dira maphata a botsogo a puso gore a nne a a ikemetseng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 &quot;Let private sector run state hospitals — DA&quot;]. IOL Online. 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Molawana wa botsogo o ne wa nna molao ka 2013, o letla go tlhamiwa ga ofisi e ntsha ya go obamela dieelo tsa botsogo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.polity.org.za/article/national-health-amendment-act-act-no-12-of-2013-2013-07-24 &quot;National Health Amendment Act 12 of 2013&quot;.] Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Go ikemela ga molao ====
Fa a le moeteledipele wa DA, Zille o ne a botsa thata ka go ikemela ga molao mo Aforika Borwa, se se gwetlhiwa ke maitshwaro a tautona wa moatlhodi [[John Hlophe]] mo go lekeng go rotloetsa baatlhodi ba kgotlatshekelo ya molao motheo go sekamela mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga tautona Jacob Zuma. O ne a re go na le tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala mo go ba ba mo molaong, ebile a kgala seo ka mafoko.&lt;ref&gt;Zille, Helen (13 June 2008). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-radio/en-aftree-beleggings-hou-baie-belastingvoordele-in/?oid=210912&amp;sn=Detail &quot;ANC cultivating a 'compliant judiciary'&quot;.] Moneyweb.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090111190838/http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=784709 &quot;Hlophe rocks Zille's faith in judges&quot;.] ''Sunday Times''. 13 June 2008. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ngangisano ya sepolotiki ====
Ka Seetebosigo 2008, o ne a gwetlha tautona wa ANC le ntlhopheng wa 2009 wa botautona, [[Jacob Zuma]] go ngangisana phatlhalatsa ka dikgang tsa boremelelo di le lesome di tshwana le tumalano ya dibetsa, go phatlaladiwa ga lekgotla la Scorpions, seemo sa kwa [[Zimbabwe]], HIV/AIDS le molao wa pereko.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 &quot;Will Zuma debate against Zille?&quot;.] IOL. 20 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;Zille challenges Zuma to public debate&quot;.]] SABC. 20 June 2008.[''permanent dead link'']&lt;/ref&gt;Zuma o ne a gana go tsenelela.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080628205206/http://www.sabcnews.com/politics/the_parties/0,2172,172097,00.html &quot;Zuma refuses to meet with Zille&quot;.] SABC. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 &quot;Zille reminds Zuma of statement&quot;]. IOL. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Letsholo kgatlhanong le tiriso botlhaswa ya ditagi le nnotagi ====
Maloko a robabobedi a setlhopha se se neng se bidiwa People's Anti Drug and Liquor Action Committee (PADLAC) se ne sa tshwarwa ka Lwetse 2007 kwa ntle ga ofisi ya mapodisi ya Mitchell's plain. Zille o ne a tshwarwa fa a etetse ofisi eo go tlhotlhomisa. Setlhopha seo se ne se anamisa dipampitshana mo letsholong kgatlhanong le tiriso botlhaswa ya nnotagi le ditagi kwa Kapa. Mapodisi a ne a re o eme nokeng ditlhopha tsa ditlhola tse di kgatlhanong le tiriso ditagi. O ne a iponagatsa fa pele ga ga mmakasetarata beke eo go bo a fapaane le molao wa go kgobokana. Zille o ne a solofetswe go sekisa tona wa sepodisi go mo tshwara e se ka fa tsamaisong.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090111175741/http://www.dispatch.co.za/2007/09/10/SouthAfrica/adrug.html &quot;Another apartheid era arrest for Zille&quot;.] Daily Dispatch. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Zille o ne a ya kgotlatshekelong ya mmakaseteraka le batho ba bangwe ba le lesome ba ba neng ba tshwerwe le ene.&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=nw20070911095031215C574934 &quot;Zille in court&quot;.] IOL. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 2007, go ne ga begiwa fa metswedi ya botlhale, ba ba neng ba sa itumelela leano la ANC la go phutlhamisa makgotla a puso go direla ANC, ba ne ba neetse Zille mafoko a gore makgotla a a nang le dibetsa a tlhasetse PADLAC ka maikaelelo a go bolaya moeteledipele wa kganetso.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[https://www.sundaytimes.timeslive.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=574153 &quot;Intelligence sources unhappy with ANC plans&quot;. ''S'']''unday Times''. Retrieved 30 September 2007.[''dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phalane 2007, Zille o ne a seka a bonwa molato melatong yotlhe e e neng e tsisitswe fa pele ga ga mmakaseterata ka go ne gotwe tsheko kgatlhanong le ene le basekisiwa ba bangwe ba robabongwe, ga e ka ke ya atlega. Zille o ne a boelela maikaelelo a gagwe a go sekisa sepodisi sa Kapa Bophirima go mo tshwara e se ka fa tsamaisong.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/?edition-redirect=af &quot;SAfrica drops charges against opposition head Zille&quot;]. Reuters. Retrieved 09 December 2025.[''permanent dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Mopitlo 2008, Helen Zille o ne a isa letsholo la gagwe la go nna kgatlhanong le ditagi kwa Johannesburg, a eteletse pele mogwanto. Ba ba neng ba gwanta ba ne ba apere dikipa tsa DA, tse di kwadilweng molaetsa wa ganang ditagi lo boloke matshelo a bana ba rona.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/ &quot;Zille leads Jo'burg anti-drugs march&quot;.] Mail&amp;Guardian. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ga go a tlhatswega gore a ditiro tsa ga Zille di nnile le seabe sepe mo mathateng a borukutlhi le tiriso botlhaswa ya ditagi kwa Kapa Bophirima.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/MyNews24/Zilles-2015-SOPA-thin-on-ways-to-tackle-alcohol-abuse-20150930 &quot;Zille's 2015 SOPA thin on ways to tackle alcohol abuse&quot;.] News24. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Carmel Loggenberg (28 September 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160115041438/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/55af3d004a0441ccab33eba53d9712f0/W-Cape-authorities-concerned-about-spike-in-crime-rate-20152809 &quot;SABC News – W Cape authorities concerned about spike in crime rate:Monday 28 September 2015&quot;.] Sabc.co.za. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Dipalo tse disha tsa borukutlhi di ne di supa fa Kapa Bophirima e itemogetse 34% ya borukutlhi jo bo amanang le ditagi kwa Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;Philani Nombembe. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160115041438/http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/stnews/2015/10/04/Western-Cape-awash-with-cheap-tik-creating-addicts-who-drive-up-crime &quot;SUNDAY TIMES – Western Cape awash with cheap tik, creating addicts who drive up crime&quot;.] Timeslive.co.za. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== United Nations ===
Ka Moranang 2008, Zille o ne a kopiwa go buisa lekgotla la [[United Nations General Assembly|United Nations]] kwa toropokgolo [[New York]] ka palobatho le tlhabololo, a dirisa kitso ya gagwe le tse a di ithutileng fa a le mmatoropo wa Kapa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.ph/20120710144418/http://iafrica.com/news/sa/642715.htm &quot;Helen Zille to address the UN&quot;.] iafrica. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille ke moema nokeng wa letsholo la go tlhamiwa ga United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, lekgotla le le lwelang go tlhabololwa ga puso ya batho ka batho ga United Nations; o dumela gore go botlhokwa ka go tlaa netefatsa gore banni ba mo gae ba mafatshe otlhe ba ikutlwa ba amana le UN le mananeo a yone.&lt;ref&gt;[http://en.unpacampaign.org/statements/page/3/ &quot;Statements&quot;.] ''Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Seetsele ya mmatoropo sa mafatshefatshe ===
Zille e ne e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa 2008 sa mafatshefatshe sa mmatoropo ka Phalane 2008, go tswa mo go bo mmatoropo le boratoropo ba le makgolo a ferabobedi le masome a mabedi a bommatoropo ba ba neng ba tlhophilwe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldmayor.com/contest_2008/world-mayor-vote.html &quot;World Mayor 2008 The final shortlist&quot;.] World Mayor. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldmayor.com/contest_2008/world-mayor-2008-results.html &quot;Helen Zille, Mayor of Cape Town, wins the 2008 World Mayor Prize&quot;.] World Mayor. 14 October 2008. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;  ANC e ne ya dirisa bontsi jwa yone mo palamenteng go kganela tshutiso ya go lemoga katlego ya ga Zille ga DA, mo go fenyeng seetsele seo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/anc-blocks-motion-praising-zilles-world-mayor-awar &quot;ANC blocks motion praising Zille's world mayor award&quot;.] Politicsweb. 23 October 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go ithola marapo e le moeteledipele wa phathi ===
Ka Moranang 2015, Zille o ne a itsise fa a tlaa seke a emele ditlhopho gape e le moeteledipele wa phathi.&lt;ref&gt;Helen Zille bows out as DA leader | eNCA&lt;/ref&gt;

== Moeteledipele wa Kapa Bophirima ==

=== Ditlhopho tsa 2009 ===
[[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille in 2010 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Zille a bua ka 2010]]
Ditlhopho tsa lefatshe tsa 2009 di ne tsa fa Zille sebaka sa gagwe sa ntlha sa go phadisana e le moeteledipele wa DA. O ne a tlhophilwe e le ntlhopheng wa moeteledipele wa Kapa Bophirima, phathi ya gagwe ya atlega ka go fenya 51.46% ya tlhopho ya kgaolo eo. Zille o ne a tlhomamisiwa e le moeteledipele, a tlhatlhamiwa ke [[Dan Plato]] mo maemong a mmatoropo. DA e ne ya itshwarelela mo go nneng phathi ya kganetso ya semmuso, e fenya 16.66% ya tlhopho, e oketsa manno a yone mo palamenteng go nna masome a robabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2009-04-23-the-da-says-western-cape-is-theirs/ DA says Western Cape is theirs], ''Mail &amp; Guardian'', 23 April 2009. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2009-04-27-zille-set-to-become-western-cape-premier/ Zille set to become Western Cape premier], ''Mail &amp; Guardian'', 27 April 2009. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kgotlhang le Jacob Zuma ===
[[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille SONA 2011.jpg|thumb|Zille kwa pegong ya seemo sa lefatshe ka 2011]]
Ka Motsheganong 2009, morago ga go tlhophiwa e le moeteledipele, Zille o ne a kwalela pampiri ya dikgang ya ''Argus'' lokwalo lo lo neng lwa kopiwa ka phoso ke mmueledi wa gagwe go lo romela kwa pampiring ya ''Sowetan''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090518072719/http://www.saelections.co.za/articles/4594/zille-shifts-the-blame-premier-says-aide-was-not-meant-to-send-letter &quot;Zille shifts blame: Premier says aide was not meant to send letter&quot;.] Archived from the original on 18 May 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a tsibogela go kgalwa ke ditlhopha tse di lwelang bong le ANC ka matona a gagwe a e leng borre fela,Zille o ne a kwala mo lokwalong loo gore ANC ga ise ke e etelelwe pele ke mosadi, le gore baeteledipele ba yone ba dira dikai tse di sa nnang sentle mo dikganngnyeng tsa bong. O ne a inola mafoko a ga tautona [[Jacob Zuma]] a a gobelelang bong, a mo supa ka monwana a re ga a rate basadi ebile a mo kgalela go baya basadi ba gagwe mo kotsing ya go tsenwa ke mogare wa HIV ka go tlhakanela dikobo le mme o o nang le mogare oo. Zuma, o o nyetseng lefufa, o ne a dumalane mo tshekong ya gagwe ya tiriso dikgoka mo tlhakanelong dikobo gore o ne a itse gore mosadi o a neng a tlhakakanetse dikobo le ene o na le mogare wa HIV.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8045981.stm &quot;Zille in 'racist' Zuma HIV attack&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Khayelitsha Commission Handover.JPG|thumb|Neelano semmuso ya maduo a patlisiso ya komiti ya [[Khayelitsha]], a neelwa moeteledipele wa [[Kapa Bophirima]] Hellen Zille]]
Go kgala ditiro tsa ga Zuma ga ga Zille go ne ga dirisiwa ke pampiri ya ''Sowetan'' e le polelo e e kwa pele ga pampiri ka setlhogo sa &quot;Zuma, kotsi ya AIDS&quot;. Pampiri e, e ne ya supa fa Zille a ne a dira tlhaselo e e gakgamatsang mo go Zuma.&lt;ref&gt;Anna Majavu. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090515101030/http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=997557 &quot;Zuma an AIDS risk&quot;]. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Se se ne sa dira gore Zille a tlhaselwe ke ANC le bapati ba yone. Lekgotla la banana la ANC le ne la re Zille o na le tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala, le gore matona a gagwe a borre fela ke baratani ba gagwe. Se ka se ne se sena bosupi, se ne sa šhakgatsa DA, e e neng ya buisana le babueledi ba molao go kwadisa tsheko.&lt;ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;[https://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=999104 &quot;MK veterans threaten Zille&quot;][''permanent dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Lekgotla la [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] la sesole le ne la gatelela se se builweng ke lekgotla la banana, la bo la tsibosa gore le tlaa simolodisa lenaneo la sepolotiki le le supang ka Kapa Bophirima a sa laolesege.&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=13&amp;art_id=nw20090513131259625C990157 &quot;MK veterans threaten Zille&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; ANC le yone e ne ya kgala Zille, mme ya ikgogela morago mo ditshwaelong tsa lekgotla la yone la banana, e supa fa seo e le matlhabisa ditlhong.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/anc-distances-itself-from-ancyl-comments--mantashe &quot;ANC distances itself from ANCYL comments – Mantashe&quot;]. ''www.politicsweb.co.za''.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a tsiboga, Zille o ne a re kgotlhang eo e supa maemo a Aforika Borwa mo dikganngyeng tsa bong.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/helen-zille-answers-her-critics &quot;Helen Zille answers her critics – News &amp; Analysis&quot;.] ''www.politicsweb.co.za''.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go lwela lefatshe ===
Ka Motsheganong 2009, Zille o ne a supa ANC ka monwana a re e utswa dilwana tsa lefatshe. O ne a bua ka go isa lefatshe la di heketara di le sekete tsa lefatshe la kgaolo kwa Kapa Bophirima go nna la lekgotla la puso. Phetolo e e ne ya bewa monwana ke moeteledipele wa pele [[Lynne Brown]] ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2009, letsatsi pele ga ditlhopho tsa lefatshe. Zille o ne a re tumalano e, e dirilwe mo sephiring, go na le mabaka a a sa itsagaleng. ANC e ne ya fetola ka gore tumalano eo e ne e beilwe fa pele ga palamente makgetho a le mantsi mo dingwageng ebile ga go na sepe se se belaetsang ka yone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://vocfm.co.za/public/articles.php?Articleid=46484 Fingers pointed in Cape land row]&lt;sup&gt;[''permanent dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt; ''Voice of the Cape'' &lt;sup&gt;[''dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Morago Zille o ne a re o tlaa gwetlha go sekasekiwa gape ga tumalano eo, le go e phatlalatsa, mme a bitse bokopano jwa puso,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=6&amp;art_id=vn20090523064254326C744138 'Secret' ANC land deal illegal – Zille] &lt;sup&gt;[''dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt; Cape Argus. 23 May 2009 Archived copy at WebCite (1 February 2010).&lt;/ref&gt; mme kgang e e ne ya rarabololwa ka Firikgong 2010, fa tona wa ANC wa bonno, [[Tokyo Sexwale]], a dumalana go busetsa lefatshe leo kwa kgaolong pele ga kgang e isiwa kgotlatshekelong.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100813161843/http://www.eyewitnessnews.co.za/articleprog.aspx?id=31404 Cape land transfer dispute resolved] ''Eyewitness News'' Archived 13 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhopho tsa 2014 le go tlhophiwa gape. ===
[[Setshwantsho:DA 2011 Election Poster.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Democratic Alliance sa ga [[Patricia de Lille]], Helen Zille le [[Lindiwe Mazibuko]] ka 2011]]
Pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2014, ka 2013, Thembu [[King Dalindyebo]] o ne a nna leloko la DA fa a sekela melato e mentsi, selo se se neng se bonwa ke bangwe e le tseka ya go utswa batlhophi ga DA.&lt;ref&gt;Evans, Sarah. [https://mg.co.za/article/2013-07-19-00-no-ideology-test-for-da-king/ &quot;Dalindyebo: No ideology test for DA king&quot;.] ''The M&amp;G Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Naude, Jason (23 July 2013). [https://www.dailydispatch.co.za/news/2013/07/23/zille-defends-decision-to-embrace-abathembu-king/ &quot;Zille defends decision to embrace abathembu king&quot;]. ''DispatchLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Fa a botsisiwa ka boloko,Zille o ne a re ga go na maloko a mangwe a a tshwanetseng go sekisiwa, le gore molaomotheo wa DA o tlhoka gore boloko jwa ga Dalindyebo bo emisiwe fa ikuelo ya gagwe e ka retela.&lt;ref&gt;Dodds, Craig (23 July 2013). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2013-07-23-zille-defends-kings-da-membership/ &quot;Zille defends king's DA membership&quot;.] ''Independent Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phalane 2015, boloko jwa ga Dalindyebo bo ne jwa emisiwa.&lt;ref&gt;Hartleb, Thomas (1 October 2015). [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/DA-cancels-King-Dalindyebos-membership-20151001 &quot;DA cancels King Dalindyebo's membership&quot;]. ''News24''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2014, DA e ne ya fenya 59.38%ya tlhopho le manno a le masome mabedi le borataro kwa Kapa Bophirima, koketsego ya 3.25%. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa gagwe, phathi e ne ya fenya manno a le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe kwa palamenteng le 22.23% ya tlhopho ya lefatshe lotlhe. Zille o ne a tlhomamisiwa mo setlheng sa bobedi ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borataro ka ditalama di le masome mabedi le borataro go tswa mo go di le masome a mane le bobedi, o a neng a eme kgatlhanong le ene e le [[Marius Fransman]] wa ANC.&lt;ref&gt;Buick, Kirstin. [https://www.news24.com/You/Archive/helen-zille-re-elected-western-cape-premier-20170728 Helen Zille re-elected Western Cape premier], ''News24'', 21 May 2014. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Motlhatlhami wa gagwe e le moeteledipele ===
Ka Lwetse 2018,Democratic Alliance e ne ya itsise fa e tlhophile [[Alan Winde]] go nna ntlhopheng wa moeteledipele wa Kapa Bophirima wa phathi eo mo ditlhophong tsa lefatshe tsa 2019. Bo ntlhopheng ba bangwe ba ba neng ba emetse maemo ao e ne e le [[Fazloodien Abrahams]], [[Bonginkosi Madikizela]], [[David Maynier]], [[Kelly Baloyi]], [[Jacobus MacFarlane]] le [[Michael Mack]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.da.org.za/2018/07/da-announces-premier-candidates-ahead-of-the-2019-election-campaign &quot;Premier candidates announced&quot;.] Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Zille o ne a kganetswe go phadisanela setlha sa boraro sa boeteledipele ka molaomotheo wa Aforika Borwa ga o letle gore moeteledipele o ka bereka ditlha di feta bobedi di tlhomagane.&lt;ref&gt;Head, [https://web.archive.org/web/20250220051402/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/who-is-alan-winde-western-cape-premier/ Tom.Breaking: Alan Winde revealed as the DA’s choice for Western Cape premier,] ''The South African'', 19 September 2018. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2018-09-19-the-winds-of-change-mec-alan-winde-is-da-w-cape-premier-candidateThe winds of change: MEC Alan Winde is DA W Cape premier candidate]&lt;sup&gt;[''permanent dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt;. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga ditlhopho tsa Motsheganong 2019, Democratic Alliance e ne ya tswelela e ntse e na le palo e ntsi kwa palamenteng ya kgaolo ya Kapa Bophirima. Zille o dule mo maemong ao ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[[DA holds on to W Cape despite challenges]]&lt;sup&gt;[''permanent dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt;. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-05-10-its-official-da-has-comfortably-won-the-western-cape/ DA wins Western Cape, though with reduced majority]. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya gagwe morago ==

=== Go nna leloko la IRR ===
[[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille and DA leaders at press conference (October 2019).png|thumb|Bokopano jwa bobega dikgang go itsisiwe Hellen Zille e le modulasetilo o mosha wa khansele ]]
Morago ga go tlogela tiro ya boeteledipele ka Motsheganong 2019, go ne ga bolelwa ka Phukwi 2019, gore o berekela South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) e le mosekaseki wa melao. SAIRR e ne ya bua jaana ka nako ya kitsiso eo: go bereka mmogo ga ga Ms Zille le IRR go tsisa mantswe a mabedi a a kwa godimo a ba ba batlang phetogo mo Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;Mabuza, Ernest (28 July 2019). [https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/national/2019-07-28-helen-zille-joins-the-institute-of-race-relations/ &quot;Helen Zille joins the Institute of Race Relations&quot;.] ''BusinessLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mabuza, Ernest (28 July 2019). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-07-28-helen-zille-joins-the-institute-of-race-relations-as-senior-policy-fellow/ &quot;Helen Zille joins the Institute of Race Relations as senior policy fellow&quot;.] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Lekgotla leo le be la gatisa kgaolo e e manganga ma Lwetse 2019,e re Maimane a kobiwe jaaka moeteledipele wa DA, a tlhatlhamiwe ke [[Alan Winde]]. Matona a DA a ne a emela kgakala le mafoko a, le ntse Zille ene a ne a dumalana le one.&lt;ref&gt;Makinana, Andisiwe (2 October 2019). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-10-02-da-cannot-be-a-race-driven-party-says-zille-as-she-defends-irr-column-calling-for-winde-to-replace-maimane/ &quot;Helen Zille defends IRR column calling for Alan Winde to replace Mmusi Maimane&quot;.] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a seegela kwa thoko tiro ya gagwe kwa IRR ka Phalane 2019.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/p1-helen-zille-says-she-wants-to-be-next-da-federal-council-chairperson-20191004 &quot;Update – Helen Zille suspends IRR fellowship following decision to contest for DA Federal Council chairperson position&quot;.] ''News24''. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/news/2019-10-04-helen-zille-to-contest-for-top-job-at-da-suspends-position-at-irr/ &quot;Helen Zille to contest for top job at DA, suspends position at IRR&quot;.] ''IOL''. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== '''''Tee le Helen''''' ===
Zille o ne a tlhama sekhutlwana sa gagwe sa dipuisano se se bidiwang tee le Helen, ka Phatwe 2019 ka maikaelelo a go buisana le batho ba ba sa dumalaneng le maikutlo a gagwe ka tsa sepolotiki. Sekhutlwana se se gasiwa mo [[Youtube]], [[iTunes]] le [[Spotify]]. Moeng wa ntlha mo sekhutlwaneng seo e ne e le mokwaledi wa pele wa Business Day [[Peter Bruce]]. Ba bangwe ba ba kileng ba nna baeng mo sekhutlwaneng seo ba akaretsa [[Ferial Haffajee]], [[Max du Preez]] le [[Adam Habib]]. Zille o ne a leka go batla moeteledipele wa EFF [[Julius Malema]], mme o ne a gana taletso.&lt;ref&gt;Nkanjeni, Unathi (27 August 2019). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-08-27-helen-zille-is-having-tea-and-yall-are-invited-what-you-need-to-know-about-her-podcast/ &quot;Helen Zille is having tea and y'all are invited: What you need to know about her podcast&quot;.] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mlambo, Sihle (1 October 2019). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2019-10-01-helen-zille-invites-julius-malema-for-tea-juju-are-you-coming/ &quot;Helen Zille invites Julius Malema for 'tea', Juju are you coming?&quot;]. ''IOL''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ngcobo, Khanyisile (2 October 2019). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2019-10-02-i-think-you-are-lost-malema-responds-to-helen-zilles-tea-invite/ &quot;'I think you are lost': Malema responds to Helen Zille's 'tea' invite&quot;]. ''IOL''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Modulasetilo wa khansele ===
Zille o ne a tlhophilwe go nna modukasetilo wa khansele wa DA ka Phalane 2019 morago ga go ithola marapo ga ga [[James Selfe]]. Maemo ao a tshwana le a mokwaledi-mogolo mo moalong wa phathi. Zille o ne a itsise ka go ema ga gagwe morago ga go tlhalosa phathi are e mo dipharagobeng ebile e mo bothateng jwa sepolotiki morago ga kwelo tlase ya ntlha ya ditlhopho mo ditsong tsa phathi.&lt;ref&gt;Mailovich, Claudi (4 October 2019). [https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/national/2019-10-04-helen-zille-applies-for-top-da-job/ &quot;BREAKING NEWS: Helen Zille applies for top DA job&quot;.] ''BusinessLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191005134636/https://www.enca.com/news/zille-available-chair-das-federal-council &quot;Zille 'available' to chair DA's Federal Council&quot;]. ''eNCA''. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mokone, Thabo (4 October 2019). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-10-04-breaking-helen-zille-to-stand-for-top-da-job/ &quot;Helen Zille to stand for top DA job&quot;]. ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191020103750/https://www.enca.com/news/helen-zille-elected-da-federal-chairperson &quot;Helen Zille elected DA Federal chairperson&quot;.] ''eNCA''. 20 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka Moranang 2023.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.da.org.za/2023/04/da-leadership-election-results-2 &quot;DA Leadership Election Results&quot;.] Democratic Alliance. 3 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Letsholo la go emela maemo a mmatoropo wa Johannesburg ka 2025 ===
Ka Seetebosigo 2025, Zille o ne a itsise fa a akanya go emela maemo a mmatoropo wa [[Johannesburg]]. O ne a re o tlaa tsaya tshwetso pele ga Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2025, letsatsi le e neng e le lone le le beilweng gore bontlhopheng ba bo ba setse ba ikwadisitse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Ferial Haffajee (9 June 2025). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-06-09-helen-zille-eyes-joburg-mayorship-after-das-top-picks-decline-post/ &quot;Helen Zille eyes Joburg mayorship after DA's top picks decline post&quot;.] Daily Maverick. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Democratic Alliance, e Zille e leng modulasetilo wa khansele ka yone, e tshegeditse maemo a mmatoropo wa Joburg gabedi; ka Firikgong 2023, morago ga [[Mpho Phalatse]] sena go nna mo maemong ao ngwaga o le mongwe. Makhanselara a DA a loga maano a go lwela maemo ao.

Zille o supile go tlhoka go itumelela ka fa toropokgolo [[Johannesburg]] e ntseng e tsamaisiwa ka teng mo dingwageng tse di sa tswang go feta, are go tlaa tsaya dingwaga di feta botlhano go fetola toropo. O ne a re Johannesburg e ko morago ka dikago tsa dibilione di le makgolo a mabedi, le madi a dibilione di le masome a robabobedi le borataro. O ne a re babereki ba toropokgolo eo ba oketsegile ka 86% fa e sale ka 2010. O ne a re o ka kgona tiro eo, ebile o ka nna mmatoropo wa tlhwatlhwa wa Johannesburg ka a na le maitemogelo a nako ya fa a le mmatoropo wa Kapa, a fetola toropo eo ka nako ya fa go phutlhama ga toropo go ne go ngosela ka 2006, ga mmogo le maitemogelo a gagwe fa e le moeteledipele wa kgaolo ya Kapa Bophirima.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Toropo ya Kapa e amogetse dikakgolo tse dintsi go bo e na le tsamaiso e e itshetletseng, mme puso ya yone e itemogetse go supiwa ka monwana gote e busiwa ke batho basweu fela. Mosekaseki mogolo wa Aforika Borwa o rile ke yone e e gaisang mo go tsamaisiweng sentle mo lefatsheng leo dingwaga di le tharo di tlhomagana, ka 2025.&lt;ref&gt;Malcolm Libera (29 May 2025). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/826047/the-best-run-city-in-south-africa-for-three-years-in-a-row/ &quot;The best-run city in South Africa for three years in a row&quot;]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Palo e ntsi ya go ngongorega ka tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala mo dikgaolo tsotlhe kwa Aforika Borwa, e tswa kwa Kapa Bophirima. Ba ba kgatlhanong ba re tsamaiso ya Kapa e itebagantse thata le batho basweu, mme e itlhokomolositse batho bantsho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/cape-town-the-lives-lost-to-da-neglect--good &quot;Cape Town: The lives lost to DA neglect – GOOD - POLITICS | Politicsweb&quot;.] ''www.politicsweb.co.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news?start=180 &quot;News&quot;.] ''www.sahrc.org.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Online, Central News (22 September 2025). [https://centralnews.co.za/mantashe-da-governs-suburbs-neglects-townships/ &quot;Mantashe: DA Governs Suburbs, Neglects Townships | Central News South Africa&quot;.] Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille o ne a re fa a le mmatoropo o tlaa itebaganya le netefatsa go itshetlela ga itsholelo le madi a Joburg, le go busetsa ditirelo tsa setshaba mo maemong a a siameng, le dikitso tsa khansele ya Johannesburg, le go thapa batho mo maemong a tlhwatlhwa, ke tsone boremelelo jwa go tlhabolola Joburg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/827531/helen-zille-reveals-her-plan-to-stop-johannesburgs-collapse/ &quot;Helen Zille reveals her plan to stop Johannesburg's collapse&quot;.] BusinessTech. 10 June 2025. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

O ne a tswelela ka gore go baakanya Johannesburg go tlaa tlhoka gore setshaba sotlhe se tseye karolo, le gore batho ke bapati ba botlhokwa mo tsamaisong eo. Tsholofelo ya gagwe ke gore banni ba toropo ba tlaa tswelela ba nna mo go yone go thusa go e baakanya, le gore ba ba fudugetseng kwa moseja le bone ba tlaa boela gae go dira jalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Manganga ==

=== Dipelaelo tsa tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala ===
Ka Motsheganong 2019, Zille o ne a kopiwa go ikopa maitshwarelo ka tshwaelo e mo go yone a neng a re go nna mo tshiamelong ga batho bantsho go tewa go utswa le go tlhophiwa gape. Zille o ne a kwala jaana mo maranyaneng a twitter: &quot;Go a makatsa. Batho ba ka taboga letsatsi lotlhe ba akaretsa ka lotso la palo potlana fela mo lefatsheng ka go seegela kwa thoko batho basweu, mme fa o ba utlwisa se ba se dirileng, loapi lo a wa. Ga ke tle go nna maphata mabedi&quot;. Zille o ne a tswelela ka gore o tlhabisiwa ditlhong ke go akaretsa gaa Aforika Borwa fa ba bua la batho basweu. O ne a re bosweu ke lefoko la morogano le le dirisiwang go kgapela kwa thoko.&lt;ref&gt;Nkanjeni, Unathi (27 December 2019). [https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-12-27-7-times-helen-zille-tweeted-herself-into-hot-water/ &quot;7 times Helen Zille tweeted herself into hot water&quot;.] ''SowetanLive''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille o ne a kgaletswe go bitsa seopedi [[Simphiwe Dana]] motho montsho o o atlegileng.&lt;ref&gt;Smith, David (29 December 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/29/south-africa-racism-row-twitter &quot;South Africa racism row breaks out on Twitter&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditshwaelo tsa 2008 tsa kilo ya batswakwa. ===
Phathi ya DA le mmatoropo wa yone wa nako eo Helen Zille ba ne ba amogela kgalo ka tsibogo ya bone ya ditlhaselo tsa batswakwa ka 2008 kwa Kapa.&lt;ref&gt;Kaplan, Kenneth (15 June 2008). [https://www.boston.com/news/world/blog/2008/07/post_4.html &quot;In Cape Town, hopes dim as progress lags&quot;.] ''The Boston Globe''. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201220518/http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/49179/print &quot;Shattered Myths: The xenophobic violence in South Africa&quot;.] Pambazuka News. 3 July 2008. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Tona wa madi, [[Trevor Manuel]] o ne a supa Zille ka monwana go bo a butswela molelo ka go bua kgatlhanong le tiriso ditagi ya batswakwa fa a etetse kwa [[Mitchell's Plain]]. Zille o ne a fetola ka gore ga a inolwa sentle, a gwetlha Manuel go bala mafoko a gagwe mo dipampiring tsa dikgang.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/a-revolution-of-rising-expectations &quot;A revolution of rising expectations&quot;]. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Zille gape o supile ANC ka monwana a re e dirile ngwao ya go ikaega ka puso, e e tlhaelang go tlhabologa ga itsholelo mo go bakang letlhoo la batswakwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080530112154/http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=772086 &quot;Proactive Steps Needed to Quell Xenophobia: Zille&quot;.] The Sowetan. 23 May 2008. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go diriwa molato ga go anamisa mogare wa HIV ka bomo mo bapating ba le bantsi ===
Fa a buisa bokopano jwa botsogo jo bo neng bo tshwerwe ke lephata la botsogo kwa Kapa Bophirima,Zille o ne a re banna ba ba itseng gore ba na le mogare wa HIV, mme ba gana go dirisa sekausu gape ba na le bapati ba bantsi, ba tshwanetse go atlholelwa go leka go bolaya motho, le go fetola go itebaganya le kalafi ya malwetsi a a kgonang go thibelwa go itebaganngwe le a a sa kgoneng go thibelwa. Balweladitshwanelo bangwe ba AIDS ba ne ba tsibosa ka tshwaelo eo ba re e botlhaswa ebile e latlha batho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://iol.co.za/capeargus/zille-targets-men-who-don-t-use-condoms-1.1174642 &quot;Zille targets men who don't use condoms – Cape Argus&quot;.] IOL.co.za. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Gareng ga ba ba neng ba kgala maemo a ga Zille e ne e le moithuti wa molaomotheo [[Pierre de Vos]]&lt;ref&gt;Vos, Pierre De (10 November 2011). [https://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za/helen-zille-the-hiv-populist/ &quot;Helen Zille, the HIV populist – Constitutionally Speaking&quot;.] Constitutionallyspeaking.co.za. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; le molweladitshwanelo wa AIDS le mookamedi wa Section 27,Mark Heywood.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://section27.org.za/tag/mark-heywood/ &quot;Mark Heywood&quot;.] Section 27. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Batshabi go tswa kwa Kapa Botlhaba ===
Ka 2012, Zille o ne a nna mo mangangeng morago ga gore a kwale mo maranyaneng a tweeter are: &quot;Fa thuto ya Kapa Botlhaba e phutlhame, Kapa Bophirima o agile dikolo di le masome a mararo - tse di masome mabedi le bobedi di le disha, di robabobedi di beeletsa tse nne tsa batshabi ba Kapa Botlhaba. Dikolo di le masome mabedi le borataro di santse di tla.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theedgesearch.com/2017/06/top-3-helen-zille-controversies-proven.html Top 3 Helen #Zille Controversies proven as Racist] ( 1. HIV, Refugees and Colonialism ), ''The Edge Search''. Retrieved on 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafoko a gagwe a ne sala morago mogwanto kwa [[Grabouw]] ka go tlala ga sekolo sengwe mo gae. ANC e ne ya re go bitsa baithuti ba Kapa Botlhaba ba ba tletseng kwa dikolong tsa [[Kapa Bophirima]] batshabi, ga se setho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-04-04-tough-lessons-for-zille-from-refugee-tweet-debacle/#.WQM1WIVKxFU &quot;Tough lessons for Zille from refugee tweet debacle – Daily Maverick&quot;.] ''dailymaverick.co.za''. 4 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Zille morago o ne a ikopa maitshwarelo a re o ikotlhaela mafoko ao. A ikotlhaya ka mafoko a gagwe a me a sa ree jalo. O ne a re se a neng a leka go se supa ke se tona wa thuto go tswa kwa moding [[Angie motshega|Angie Motshekga]] a se bitsang polelo e e tshosang mo thutong kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2012-04-24-zille-says-sorry-for-refugee-tweet/ &quot;Zille says sorry for 'refugee' tweet&quot;.] ''www.iol.co.za''.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kopano e e retetseng le Agang ===
Jaaka moeteledipele wa DA,Zille o ne a okametse maiteko a a retetseng a go kopana le phathi ya kganetso ya [[Agang]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-02-02-ramphele-and-zilles-da-marriage-over/ &quot;Ramphele and Zille's brief DA marriage over | News | National | M&amp;G&quot;]. Mg.co.za. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; e ka nako eo e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Mamphela Ramphele]]. Morago ga go itsise ka kopano eo, le Zille a sena go atla Ramphele mo go tumileng kwa bokopanong jwa metswedi ya dikgang, bokopabong bo ne jwa phutlhama morago ga malatsi a matlhano fa DA e ne e sa kgone go dumalana la go ya pele le Agang: o ne a batla go tswelela e le moeteledipele wa Agang fa a ntse a emetse botautona jwa DA, mme Zille o ne a mmolelela gore seo ga se ka fa molaong.&lt;ref&gt;Setumo Stone; Khulekani Magubane (3 February 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130620232733/http://www.bdlive.co.za/ &quot;Zille, Ramphele provide their reasons for break-up&quot;.] BDlive. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;South African Press Association (5 February 2014). [https://allafrica.com/stories/201402051165.html &quot;South Africa: Confusion Over DA-Agang Political Donor&quot;.] allAfrica.com. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; ANC e ne ya re diphathi tse di tswang kwa ntle di ntshetsa kopano eo madi.&lt;ref&gt;eNCA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151003093106/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/foreign-influence-daagang-merger-worries-anc &quot;Foreign influence in DA-Agang merger worries ANC&quot;.] eNCA. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manganga a bokolone go tswa mo loetong lwa Singapore le Japan ===
Ka Mopitlo 2017, morago ga loeto lwa [[Singapore]] le Japan lo lo lopileng dikete di le makgolo a marataro batho ba le batlhano,Zille o ne a tshwaela mo maranyaneng a twitter are &quot;ba ba reng boswa jwa bokolone ke jo bo sa siamang fela, akanyang ka molao wa rona o o ikemetseng, ditsela, metsi jalo jalo&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241211081913/https://twitter.com/x/migrate?tok=7b2265223a222f68656c656e7a696c6c652f7374617475732f383432323630353339363434343937393231222c2274223a313733333930353135337d760180b56ffbe28239ae4444c75fbf35 &quot;x.com&quot;.] ''X (formerly Twitter)''. Archived from the original on 11 December 2024. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Deklerk, Aphiwe (16 March 2017). [https://www.theherald.co.za/news/2017/03/16/colonialism-wasnt-bad-says-helen-zille/ &quot;Colonialism wasn't all bad' says Helen Zille&quot;.] ''The Herald Live''. Retrieved 09 December 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tshakgalo e e neng ya dala morago e ne ya baka dikgalemo mo phathing. Zille o ne a sekasekelwa ditshwaelo tsa gagwe ka boswa jwa bokolone ke komiti ya ditshwanelo tsa setho go bo go na le kgonagalo ya gore o  tlodile tlotla ya setho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Sesant, Siyabonga (12 May 2017). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2017-05-12-zille-gets-served-for-colonialism-tweets/ &quot;Zille gets served for 'colonialism' tweets&quot;.] ''Independent Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Go kgalwa le kgalemo ====
Morago ga gore go te o sireletsa bokolone, Zille o ne a re mafoko a gagwe ga a tlhaloganngwa&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;, mme gape a ikopa maitshwarelo ka mafoko a a neng a a kwadile mo twitter a a ka tswang a utlwetse ekete a mo lotlhakoreng lwa bokolone. A ne a sa nna jalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Mo go ba baneng ba sa dumalane le ene ke maloko a mangwe a DA, a tshwana le [[Mbali Ntuli]], o a neng a re bokolone ga bo a siama fela botlhe,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; o le ene a kileng a kgalemelelwa ka 2017, go rata tshwaelo mo Facebook ka Morule 2016 e e neng e re Zille o tlhaola batho ka lotso le mmala;&lt;ref&gt;Cele, S’Thembile (21 May 2017). [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ntuli-charge-could-put-maimane-against-selfe-20170520 &quot;Ntuli charge could put Maimane against Selfe&quot;]. ''News24''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; [[Phumzile van Damme]], o a neng a re ga go na sepe ka bokolone se go ka tweng se siame kgotsa se siametse ma Aforika; le moeteledipele wa phathi [[Mmusi Maimane]], o a neng a re bokolone, jaaka puso ya tlhaolele, e ne e le tsamaiso ya kgatelelo. Ga e ka ke jwa nna le mabaka,&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Deklerk, Aphiwe (16 March 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170316122648/http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017/03/16/BREAKING-Zille-faces-disciplinary-action-from-DA-after-controversial-tweets1 &quot;Breaking: Zille faces disciplinary action from DA after controversial tweets&quot;.] ''Times LIVE''. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; mme gape morago are Zille ga a na tlhaolele&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39472631 &quot;Colonialism tweets lead to disciplinary&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 2 April 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; le gore o lole kgatlhanong le kgatelelo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/helen-zille-received-her-disciplinary-charges/ &quot;Helen Zille receives her disciplinary charges&quot;.] ''The Citizen''. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;Mopalamente wa DA [[Ghaleb Cachalia]] o ne a le mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga Zille are o ne a na le dikakanyo tse di siameng. O ne a dumalana le ene gore bokolone ga se gore ga bo a siama botlhe, are bontsi jwa bo ramatlhale ba akaretsa [[Chinua Achebe]], [[Ali Mazrui]], [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]] le [[Manmohan Singh]], ba buile mafoko a a tshwanang.&lt;ref&gt;Cachalia, Ghaleb (30 March 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170912192230/https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/opinion/on-my-mind/2017-03-30-ghaleb-cachalia-let-all-views-be-heard/ &quot;Ghaleb Cachalia: Let all views be heard&quot;]. ''Financial Mail''. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cachalia, Ghaleb (28 March 2017). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-03-28-lets-give-helen-zille-the-benefit-of-the-doubt/ &quot;Let's give Helen Zille the benefit of the doubt&quot;.] ''The Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Diphathi tsa ANC le [[Economic Freedom Fighters]] tsotlhe di ne tsa re Zille a ntshiwe mo maemong a gagwe jaaka moeteledipele wa Kapa Bophirima.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/3/16/outrage-over-helen-zilles-colonialism-tweets &quot;Outrage over Helen Zille's colonialism tweets&quot;.] ''aljazeera.com''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ntlha ya ditshwaelo tsa gagwe mo maranyaneng, Zille o ne a isiwa komiting ya DA ya molao, go kgalemelelwa&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; go diga serodumo sa phathi le go e senya leina.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Tandwa, Lizeka (17 May 2017). [https://mg.co.za/article/2017-05-17-battle-lines-drawn-between-maimane-and-zille/ &quot;Battle lines drawn between Maimane and Zille&quot;.] ''The M&amp;G Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga dikgang tseo,Zille o ne a tswelela ka gore le [[Nelson Mandela]] o ne a dumela se se tshwanang le sa gagwe ka bokolone.&lt;ref&gt;Zille, Helen (20 March 2017). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-03-20-from-the-inside-lessons-from-singapore/ &quot;From the Inside: Lessons from Singapore&quot;]. ''The Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Zille, Helen (28 March 2017). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-03-28-from-the-inside-a-debate-of-urgent-national-importance/ &quot;From the Inside: A debate of urgent national importance&quot;.] ''dailymaverick.co.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Go tswelela a itshwarelela ka ditshwaelo tsa gagwe go ne ga baka kgotlhang mo teng ga makgotla a [[Democratic Alliance]], ebile go bonwa e le go nyatsa moeteledipele Maimane.&lt;ref&gt;Madia, Tshidi; Gallens, Mahlatse (23 March 2017). [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zilles-dumb-tweets-biggest-headache-for-maimane-20170323 &quot;Zille's 'dumb tweets' biggest headache for Maimane&quot;.] ''News24''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Maimane o ne a re melato ya ga Zille ga se ya twitter fela, e akaretsa metseletsele ya ditshwaelo tse di rurifaditseng le go oketsa se tshwaelo ya ntlha e neng e se bua. Mekwalo ya gagwe e e tsileng morago, e mo go yone a neng a itsetsepela ka mafoko a gagwe&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Villette, Francesca (3 April 2017). [https://iol.co.za/capetimes/news/2017-04-03-suspend-zille-over-racism-charges/ &quot;Suspend Zille over racism charges&quot;.] ''Independent Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;, e ne ya senya botsalano le Maimane le go gaisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Collins, Farren (8 May 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171025125906/https://www.businesslive.co.za/rdm/politics/2017-05-08-now-maimane-lays-into-zille-over-sunday-times-article/ &quot;Now Maimane lays into Zille over Sunday Times article&quot;]. ''Business Live''. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Pather, Ra'eesa (8 May 2017). [https://mg.co.za/article/2017-05-08-the-zille-column-maimane-didnt-approve-and-a-deteriorating-relationship/ &quot;The Zille column Maimane didn't approve, and their deteriorating relationship&quot;.] ''The M&amp;G Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhwatlhwa ===
Ka Moranang 2017, Zille o ne a kgalelwa loeto lwa gagwe lwa [[Singapore]], lo lo neng lo bonwa lo turile ka tlhwatlhwa ya sedikadike sa diranta. Go ya ka mmueledi wa ga Zille, dikete di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mararo le borataro e ne e le ditlhwatlhwa tsa mosepele, dikete di le makgolo a matlhano e ne e le tsa dikgwebo. Go ya ka mmueledi, loeto loo, lo lo neng lo akaretsa loeto go ya [[Japan]], lo ne lo ikaeletswe go nonotsha dipeeletso tsa [[Asia Pacific Vision|Asia]] mo dijong tsa halaal, le go rotloetsa bojanala jwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] kwa kgaolong eo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Zille o ne a re o ne a ile a sena mothusi go leka go fokotsa madi a loeto.&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2017-05-08-answers-wanted-from-zille-over-r1m-trip-to-asia/ &quot;Answers wanted from Zille over R1m trip to Asia&quot;]. ''www.iol.co.za''.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditshwaelo tsa twitter tsa puso ya tlhaolele ===
Ka Seetebosigo a ya fifing ngwaga wa 2020, Zille o ne a tshwaela mo twitter are &quot;go na le melao e mentsi ya tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala gompieno go gaisa ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele&quot;. O ne a kwala gape are fa e ne e se ka tautona wa pele [[F.W de Klerk]] go tsaya tshwetso ya go phatlalatsa puso ya tlhaolele, ANC e ka bo e ntse e le mo dipharagobeng tsa dikampa tsa yone tsa kgololesego le go lwantshana ka ANC e ne e sena kgotlhang epe ya dibetsa e e ka buang ka yone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.citizen.co.za/news/opinion/maybe-zille-was-right-on-more-racist-laws-today-than-during-apartheid/ &quot;Maybe Zille was right on more racist laws today than during apartheid&quot;.] ''The Citizen''. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; John Steenhuisen, moeteledipele wa nakwana wa DA ka nako eo, o ne a intsha mo ditshwaelong tsa ga Zille,&lt;ref&gt;Madisa, Kgothatso (24 June 2020). [https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-06-24-da-leaders-distance-themselves-from-zilles-tweet-on-racist-laws/ &quot;DA leaders distance themselves from Zille's tweet on racist laws&quot;.] ''SowetanLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; komiti ya DA ya molao e ne ya simolola tlhotlhomiso ya ditshwaelo tsa gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zilles-apartheid-tweets-horn-to-lead-investigation-but-no-time-frame-given-yet-20200629 &quot;Zille's apartheid tweets: Horn to lead investigation, but no time frame given yet&quot;.] Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Dr Duncan Du Bois, moitseanape wa ditso le mosekaseki wa sepolotiki, o ne a ema nokeng mafoko a ga Zille. O ne a re, go ya ka tshekatsheko ya ga James Myburgh,&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;[https://www.biznews.com/thought-leaders/2020/07/15/race-laws &quot;James Myburgh: ANC race laws revolution. MUST READ!&quot;.] ''BizNews.com''. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; puso ya tlhaolele e fetisitse melao e le masome matlhano le borobabongwe ya lotso le mmala mo dingwageng di le masome a supa, fa puso ya morago ga tlhaolele e fetisitse melao e le masome a robabongwe mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi le botlhano.&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/the-star/opinion/2020-08-06-letter-there-are-more-race-based-laws-now-than-under-apartheid/ &quot;Letter: There are more race based laws now than under apartheid&quot;.] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Mosekaseki wa sepolotiki James Myburgh o ne a re ditshwaelo tsa ga Hellen Zille di ka tswa di oketsa mme ga di phoso. Tshekatsheko ya ga Myburgh le fa go ntse jalo e ne e akaretsa melao ya morago ga puso ya tlhaolele e e neng e pateletsa go nna le kemedi ya ditso le mebala yotlhe mo makgotleng, mme e sa akaretsa melao ya nako ya puso ya tlhaolele e e neng e itebagantse le Bantustans.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02167/04lv02264/05lv02335/06lv02357/07lv02359/08lv02371.htm &quot;Chapter 13: Chronology of Apartheid Legislation1 - The O'Malley Archives&quot;.] ''omalley.nelsonmandela.org''. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Retrieved 09 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Magatwe a go thapa ka losika ===
Fa Zille e le moeteledipele, mopalamente Cameron Dugmore o ne a mo supa ka monwana are o thapa babereki ka losika, a re o dirisitse dithata tsa gagwe jaaka moeteledipele go lwela gore lephata la thuto le fe ngwana wa gagwe wa mosimane Paul Maree didirisiwa tse di rekilweng ka madi a lefatshe go lekeletsa maranyane a gagwe. Dugmore o ne a re morwae o ne a neetswe ditablets, a le mo letsholong la go tlhama kgwebo ya gagwe e e ikemetseng, le gore dikgwebo tse dingwe di ne di seegetswe kwa thoko mo tsamaisong eo. Dugmore o ne a isa kgang e kwa ofising ya mosireletsi go sekasekiwa a kopa ofisi ya peo molao ya Kapa Bophirima go sekaseka moetelepele go bo a tlodile melao.&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2017-06-20-breach-of-ethics-claim-against-zille/ &quot;'Breach of ethics' claim against Zille&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Zille o ne a nyetswe ke Professor Johann Maree ka 1982, ba na le bana ba basimane ba le babedi. Ke leloko la kereke ya Rondebosch United kwa [[Cape Town]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ekklesia.co.uk/ &quot;Tutu commends Christian communicators in justice struggle&quot;.] ''Ekklesia''. 15 December 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgatiso ==

* Zille, Helen (Phalane 2016). ''Not Without a Fight.'' Penguin Books. ISBN 9781776090426
* Zille, Helen (Moranang 2021). ''#StayWoke: Go Broke:Why South Africa won't survive America's culture wars (and what you can do about it)''. E gatisitswe ka bo esi. ISBN 9798727953457

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akissi Kouamé</title>
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      <text bytes="8722" sha1="5roy02wo9ivxocolakyhoe6ujid38zi" xml:space="preserve">'''Brigadier-General Akissi Kouamé''' (1 Ferikgong 1955- 29 Lwetse 2022) e ne e le modiredi wa sesole sa Ivory Coast. O ne a tsenela tirelo ya bongaka ya sesole ka 1981, fa a ne a santse a le moithuti wa bongaka. Kouamé o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha mo sesoleng go nna mosupatsela mme ka 2012 o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna mojenerale.

== Botshelo jwa pele le jwa botho ==
Kouamé o belegwe ka 1 Ferikgong 1955 kwa Singrobo, Tiassalé kwa Ivory Coast, mme e ne e le mongwe wa bana ba le lesome. O ne a nyetswe ke Lebahy Kouamé mme o na le bana ba le babedi. Kouamé o ne a direla jaaka Tautona wa Mokgatlho wa [[Ivory Coast]] wa Basadi ba Bagolo ba Botsamaisi jwa Boitekanelo le wa Mokgatlho wa Tlhabololo wa Singrobo Mutual. E ne e le mongwe wa maloko a a simolotseng a Ivorian Women Leaders Network. O tlhomile General Akissi Foundation go tlamela ka mafaratlhatlha kwa metseng e e kgakala le go tshegetsa thuto ya basadi le bana. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212348/https://afriquematin.net/bienfaisance-la-fondation-general-akissi-apporte-du-necessaire-a-des-eleves/ &lt;sup&gt;[3&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;] Kouamé o ne a le mo lenyalong la setso le Sylla Maciré ka 2017 mme a kgaogana le ene mo ngwageng oo morago ga gore a tshwarwe ke sepodisi ka ditatofatso tsa tsietso. Maciré o ne a ipolaya ka Tlhakole 2018.[https://www.connectionivoirienne.net/2018/02/06/sylla-macire-alias-christophe-rocancourt-le-dinosaure-des-escrocs-de-cote-divoire-est-mort/ &lt;sup&gt;[4&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]


== Tiro ya sesole ==
Kouamé o ne a rutwa kwa gae, kwa sekolong se se neng se tsamaisiwa ke baitlami ba basadi, le kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Sainte-Marie pele a ithuta bongaka kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Abidjan University of  Abidjan]. Ka 10 Ferikgong 1981(  mo ngwageng wa gagwe wa botlhano wa sekolo sa bongaka)  o ne a tsenela sesole sa Ivory Coast mme go tloga ka Phukwi go ya go Lwetse a tsenela katiso ya motheo kwa Sekolong sa Sesole sa Sesole kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouak%C3%A9 Bouaké]. Kouamé e ne e le mongwe wa batlhankedi ba ntlha ba batlhano ba basadi go tsenela sesole.[http://abidjantv.net/art-et-culture/akissi-kouamepremiere-general-ivoirienne-femme-de-coeur-feministe-en-service-commandotout-savoir/ &lt;sup&gt;[ 1&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]

Kouamé o ne a bona dikirii ya bongaka ka 23 Seetebosigo 1983 mme morago ga moo a tsena sekolo sa go katisa batlhankedi go fitlha ka Phukwi, fa a ne a tlhomiwa go nna lefotenente. Ka Phatwe o ne a tshwanelega go nna lesole la di-paratrooper kwa kampeng ya masole kwa Akouédo, a nna mosadi wa ntlha mo sesoleng go fitlhelela seno. Go tloga ka 1983 go ya go 1985, Kouamé e ne e le mothusa molaodi wa nngwe ya ditheo tsa kalafi tsa sesole. Fa a ntse a le mo maemong a, o ne a tlhatlosediwa maemo a go nna mokapotene ka 1 Lwetse 1984.[http://lasemaineafricaine.net/index.php/national/5132-congo-cote-divoire-akissi-kouame-premiere-femme-africaine-officier-general-a-sejourne-a-brazzaville &lt;sup&gt;[ 2&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]

Ka 1985, Kouamé o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tlhogo ya lefapha la masole la gynecology le la obstetrics mme a ithuta dingwaga di le tlhano gore a bone setifikeiti sa bokgoni mo go tsa gynecological ultrasound kwa Yunibesithing ya Abidjan le kwa Brest, kwa Fora. O ne a tsenela metseletsele ya dithuto tsa katiso ka ga boitekanelo jwa tsalo le tlhokomelo ya balwetse ba [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV%2FAIDS HIV/AIDS] kwa Ofising ya Bosetšhaba ya Lelapa le Baagi kwa Tunisia ka 1991, 1995 le 1998. Ka 1 Phukwi 1992, Kouamé o ne a tlhatlosediwa maemo a go nna molaodi (a a lekanang le majoro). O ne a amogela katiso mo tsamaisong ya metswedi ya boitekanelo mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang go tswa kwa Université libre de Bruxelles ka 1995. Ka 1996, o ne a katisiwa mo go tlameleng thuto ya boitekanelo le mo tlhaeletsanong ya loago ke Yunibesiti ya Liège mme ka 1 Diphalane o ne a tlhatlosiwa go nna lefotenente-kolonele mme a tlhophiwa go nna mogokaganyi wa boitekanelo jwa tsalo mo masoleng. Mo tirong e, Kouamé o ne a simolola go thapa bomme ba ba belegisang go ya kwa tirelong ya boitekanelo ya sesole. Go tloga ka 1997 go ya go 1998, o ne a le kwa Setheong sa Tlhatlhobo le Patlisiso ka AIDS kwa Abidjan. [http://lasemaineafricaine.net/index.php/national/5132-congo-cote-divoire-akissi-kouame-premiere-femme-africaine-officier-general-a-sejourne-a-brazzaville &lt;sup&gt;[2&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]

Go tloga ka 1998 go ya go 2000, Kouamé e ne e le moeteledipele wa kalafi e e thibelang malwetse kwa lefapheng la boitekanelo la sesole. Go tloga ka 2004 go fitlha ka 2012, e ne e le tlhogo ya sesole ya boithaopo ya HIV screening centre mme mo nakong eno, ka 1 Moranang 2006, o ne a tlhatlosiwa maemo go nna mokolonele, mme ka 2 Phatwe 2010 go nna mokolonele yo mogolo. Ka 18 Pherekgong 2012, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motsamaisi wa boitekanelo le ditiro tsa loago mo sesoleng, mosadi wa ntlha go nna mo maemong a. Ka 6 Phatwe 2012, Kouamé o ne a tlhatlosiwa maemo go nna brigadier-general ke Tautona wa Ivory Coast [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara Alassane Ouattara], a nna mosadi wa ntlha go nna moofisiri wa kakaretso mo hisetoring ya sesole sa Ivory Coast. Kwa bokhutlong jwa 2012, o ne a direla jaaka modulasetulo wa Pan-African Congress on Military Medicine. 

== Go tlogela tiro le loso ==
Kouamé o ne a tlogela sesole ka Sedimonthole wa [http://abidjantv.net/art-et-culture/akissi-kouamepremiere-general-ivoirienne-femme-de-coeur-feministe-en-service-commandotout-savoir/ 2017.&lt;sup&gt;[1&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;] Kouamé o ne a tlotliwa ke Commission nationale d'hommage aux doyens ka go keteka botshelo jwa gagwe magareng ga 26 le 28 Ngwanatsele 2021 kwa Abidjan le kwa motseng wa gaabo wa Assakra kwa Kpèbo. Filimi ya botshelo jwa gagwe e ne ya bontshiwa le dipontsho tsa dinepe tse di neng di tshwerwe ka nako ya tiragalo, e e neng e tsenetswe ke badiredibagolo. Kouamé o tlhokafetse kwa Abidjan ka 29 Lwetse 2022, a le dingwaga di le 67.[https://pressivoire.com/article/cote-divoire-deces-a-abidjan-du-general-de-brigade-akissi-kouame &lt;sup&gt;[ 7&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]


== Metswedi ==
[http://abidjantv.net/art-et-culture/akissi-kouamepremiere-general-ivoirienne-femme-de-coeur-feministe-en-service-commandotout-savoir/ [1&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Akissi Kouamé, première Général ivoirienne femme de coeur, féministe : en service commando!Tout savoir&quot;]. Abidjan TV (in French). 14 April 2017. Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.

[2] Massamba, Alain Patrick (16 November 2012). &quot;[http://lasemaineafricaine.net/index.php/national/5132-congo-cote-divoire-akissi-kouame-premiere-femme-africaine-officier-general-a-sejourne-a-brazzaville Akissi Kouamé, première femme africaine officier général, a séjourné à Brazzaville&quot;]. La Semaine Africaine (in French). Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.

[https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212348/https://afriquematin.net/bienfaisance-la-fondation-general-akissi-apporte-du-necessaire-a-des-eleves/ [3&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Bienfaisance/La Fondation Général Akissi apporte du nécessaire à des élèves&quot;]. Afrique Matin (in French). 28 January 2019. Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.

[https://www.connectionivoirienne.net/2018/02/06/sylla-macire-alias-christophe-rocancourt-le-dinosaure-des-escrocs-de-cote-divoire-est-mort/ [4&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Sylla Maciré alias Christophe Rocancourt, le dinosaure des escrocs de Côte-d'Ivoire est mort&quot;.] Connectionivoirienne.net (in French). 6 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

[5] N'Guessant, Serges. [https://www.fratmat.info/article/213418/politique/armee-ivoirienne-la-cote-divoire-va-celebrer-le-general-kouame-akissi &quot;Armée ivoirienne : La Côte d'Ivoire va célébrer le général Kouamé Akissi&quot;.] www.fratmat.info. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

[https://www.koaci.com/article/2022/09/29/cote-divoire/societe/cote-divoire-deces-de-la-premiere-femme-generale-de-larmee-ivoirienne-akissi-kouame-proches_163560.html [6&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Côte d'Ivoire : Décès de la première femme générale de l'armée ivoirienne Akissi Kouamé (proches)&quot;]. KOACI (in French). 30 September 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.

[https://pressivoire.com/article/cote-divoire-deces-a-abidjan-du-general-de-brigade-akissi-kouame [7&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Côte d'Ivoire / Décès à Abidjan du général de brigade Akissi Kouamé]&quot;. Pressivoire (in French). 29 September 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022</text>
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    <title>Judith Tshabalala</title>
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      <text bytes="3520" sha1="dzfh67km5r0gni2omyo3kfe0jhr7fal" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Judith Tshabalala|honorific-prefix=Motlotlegi|honorific-suffix=Mopalamente|office=Mothusa tona wa ditiro le pereko|office1=Mothusa tona wa metsi le kgopo leswe|term_start=Phukwi a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 2024|term_start1=Mopitlo a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2023|term_end1=Phukwi a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 2024|president=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|president1=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|predecessor=[[Phumzile Mgcina]]|predecessor1=[[Dikeledi Magadzi]]|successor1=[[Sello Setlholo]]|birth_date=Mopitlo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1982|nationality=mo [[Aforika Borwa]]|party=[[African National Congress]]}}

'''Judith Tshabalala''' (o o tshotsweng ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1982) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Gauteng]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ke leloko la [[African National Congress]], o sale a nna mothusa tona wa ditiro fa e sale ka Phukwi 2024. Pele e ne e le mothusa tona wa metsi le kgopo leswe go tswa ka Mopitlo 2023 go tsena Phukwi 2024.

Tshabalala o berekile e le mopalamente fa e sale ka 2019, le ka 2011 go tsena 2014. Ke leloko la [[African National Congress]].

== Tiro ya gagwe e le mopalamente ==
Tshabalala ke leloko la [[African National Congress]]. O tsene mo palamenteng ya Aforika Borwa ka Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2011 a emelela [[Noluthando Mayende-Sibiya]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://static.pmg.org.za/docs/2012/2012JanNAList.htm &quot;LIST OF MEMBERS 4th Parliament As of 17 January 2012&quot;.] ''Parliamentary Monitoring Group''. Retrieved 15 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Ka setlha sa gagwe sa ntlha, o ne a le mo komiting ya madi le ya botaki le ngwao. Ka Phukwi 2013, o ne a nna leloko la komiti ya nakwana ya go thapiwa ga moatlhodi mogolo. O ne a seka a tlhophiwa mo setlheng se se tletseng ka ditlhopho tsa 2014, o ne a le kwa tlase mo lenaaneng la ANC la kgaolo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pa.org.za/person/judith-tshabalala/ &quot;Ms Judith Tshabalala&quot;.] ''People's Assembly''. Retrieved 15 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Motsheganong 2019, Tshabalala o ne tlhophiwa go boela palamenteng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.news24.com/Elections/News/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515 &quot;SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures&quot;.] ''News24''. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt; Go tswa ka Seetebosigo 2019, e ne e le leloko la komiti ya dikgwebo tsa setshaba.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.parliament.gov.za/committee-details/156 &quot;Portfolio Committee on Public Enterprises&quot;.] ''Parliament of South Africa''. Retrieved 15 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Puso ==
Mo tswakanyong ya khuduthamaga ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2023, Tshabalala o ne a thapiwa go nna mothusa tona wa metsi le kgopo leswe ke tautona [[Cyril Ramaphosa]]. O ne a tlhatlhama [[Dikeledi Magadzi]] o a neng a kobilwe mo pusong.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2023-03-07-ramokgopa-named-new-minister-of-electricity/ &quot;Ramokgopa named new minister of electricity&quot;.] ''SowetanLIVE''. Retrieved 15 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Ka Tlhakole 2020,Tshabalala o ne a tlhaselwa kwa lolwapeng lwa gagwe kwa [[Sebokeng]]. O ne a tsewa mme a isiwa kwa lefelong la itloso bodutu la Eden kwa [[Alberton]].&lt;ref&gt;Head, Tom (23 February 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241203142459/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/who-is-judith-tshabalala-anc-mp-hijacked/ &quot;ANC MP hijacked, taken hostage during terrifying ordeal in Gauteng&quot;.] ''The South African''. Retrieved 15 December 2025&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7833" sha1="lcr5wnsbdpk49qv0sxe6zynr7xxx701" xml:space="preserve">== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers &amp; Jury ==

Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,

Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!

To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.

=== Internet &amp; Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.

'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''

Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.

=== Important Participation Guidelines ===

* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.

=== Community Engagement ===

* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊

Thank you for your collaboration!

''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''

Feminism and Folklore International Team.

–[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:17, 16 Tlhakole 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&amp;oldid=30083330 --&gt;

== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:57, 11 Moranang 2026 (CAT)
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== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:09, 3 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)
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== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:05, 18 Seetebosigo 2026 (CAT)
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      <text bytes="2735" sha1="n9kjw5uavtsjxt0g482m78bqoy5zzsi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Isaac Mabiletsa|birth_name=Isaac Stephen Mabiletsa|birth_date=&lt;!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --&gt;|birth_place=[[Mochudi]], Botswana|nationality=Motswana|occupation=Politician|years active=2010 - 2014|known for=Former assistant speaker to the Botswanan parliament|children=1}}

Isaac Stephen Mabiletsa&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241225042139/https://www.sundaystandard.info/bdp-outsmarts-squabbling-opposition/?amp &quot;BDP outsmarts squabbling opposition&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2023&lt;/ref&gt; ke radipolotiki wa Motswana yo o dirileng jaaka mothusa sebui sa Palamente ya bo lesome  ya Botswana&lt;ref&gt;Keoreng, Ephraim (January 20, 2010). [https://allafrica.com/stories/201001210492.html &quot;Botswana: BNF Mabiletsa is Assistant Speaker&quot;]. ''allAfrica''. Retrieved February 8, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; a emetse Kgatleng Botlhaba&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.botswanahighcom.in/events_detail.php?id=19 &quot;Change at Btv is unthinkable - Merafhe] ...&quot; ''High Commission of the Republic of Botswana''. Retrieved February 8, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; mo Botswana National Front&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/12954 &quot;BCP WOOS KGATLENG EAST VOTERS&quot;]. ''Botswana DailyNews''. Bansoft. July 16, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; (2010–2012)&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241225042025/https://www.sundaystandard.info/six-opt-out-of-bnf-central-committee/?amp &quot;Six opt out of BNF central committee&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. April 1, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; le Botswana Congress Party (2012–2014), e a nnileng le seabe mo tshimolodisong ya yone.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Mgadla, Part Themba (2008). &quot;Congress Party&quot;. ''Historical Dictionary of Botswana''. African Historical Dictionaries. Vol. 108 (4th ed.). Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. pp. 77–8. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-0-8108-5467-3&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2015, Mabiletsa o ne a tlhokomelwa ke bobegakgang fa morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Ndaba, a ne a sekisiwa ka ntlha ya polao ya ga mmaabone wa dingwaga di le 85 kwa Morwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241225042026/https://voice1082.rssing.com/chan-10898068/all_p74.html &quot;Blood is thicker than murder&quot;]. ''RSSing''. The Voice Newspaper Botswana. April 10, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana]]
[[Karolo:Mapolotiki a dingwaga tse di kete pedi le bongwe]]
[[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]]
[[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana Congress Party]]
[[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana National Front]]
[[Karolo:Batho ba Kgatleng]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kgosi ya morafe</title>
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      <text bytes="2621" sha1="50c4tkykeq0liikq17ft215b67ml6ye" xml:space="preserve">Kgosi ya morafe
[[Setshwantsho:Mezmay,_Village,_Rural_houses,_Russia.jpg|thumb]]
'''Kgosi''' ya morafe ke moeteledipele yo mogolo mo setšhabeng sa Setswana. Ke ene a etelelang pele morafe, a tlhokomela kagiso, le go netefatsa gore batho ba tshela ka kutlwano. Mo [[Setso sa Setswana|setso,]] kgosi o tlhomiwa ka ngwao le tatelano ya bogosi, mme o tshwanetse go nna motho wa seriti, boitshwaro jo bo siameng le botlhale. Batho ba morafe ba mo tlotla ka gonne o emela tsotlhe tse di amang botshelo jwa bone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deb |date=2019-05-09 |title=Home {{!}} Sunday Standard |url=https://www.sundaystandard.info/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2026-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260224192915/https://www.sundaystandard.info/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo nageng ya Botswana, dikgosi di na le seabe se segolo mo pusong ya setso. Di dira mmogo le puso go rarabolola dikgotlhang le go tlisa tlhabololo mo metseng. Sekao sa seno ke dikabelo tsa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e e nayang dikgosi sebaka sa go tlhagisa dikakanyo tsa morafe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.gamaidi.co.za/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Ba Ga Maidi |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250402214115/https://www.gamaidi.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ekhaya |url=https://iafrika.org/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=iAfrika |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2026-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260203160741/https://iafrika.org/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;Kgosi e tshwanetse go reetsa batho ba yone kwa kgotleng, e ba neye tshono ya go bua le go rarabolola mathata ka tekatekano.

Gape kgosi ke motshegetsi wa ngwao le meetlo ya morafe. O tlhokomela gore meletlo, ditso le melao ya setso di a latelwa. O ruta basha tlotlo, boikanyego le maikarabelo. Ka jalo, kgosi ya morafe e botlhokwa thata ka gonne e boloka kagiso, e aga sechaba, mme e netefatsa gore morafe o tswelela pele ka kutlwano le tlotlo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BaTaung Boo Selale – A dynamic, viable and emergent morafe |url=https://bataung.org.za/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260207045554/https://bataung.org.za/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ref sources:

https://web.archive.org/web/20260228021156/https://www.sundaystandard.info/

https://web.archive.org/web/20250402214115/https://www.gamaidi.co.za/

https://web.archive.org/web/20260203160741/https://iafrika.org/

https://web.archive.org/web/20260207045554/https://bataung.org.za/

== Ditshupetso ==
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  <page>
    <title>Chantal Biya</title>
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      <text bytes="12774" sha1="78rcxq1hldij0khgzh4roab113ihxzk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Chantal Biya|office=Mohumagadi wa kwa [[Cameroon]]|image=Chantal Biya in 2022 (cropped).jpg|caption=Biya ka 2022|predecessor=[[Jeanne-Iréne Biya]]|president=[[Paul Biya]]|term_start=Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1994|birth_name=Chantal Pulchérie Vigouroux|birth_date=Morule a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 1970|birth_place=[[Dimako]] [[Cameroon]]|spouse=[[Paul Biya]] ba nyalane ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1994|children=ba le bane, ba akaretsa [[Brenda Biya]]|parents=Georges Vigouroux [[Rosette Ndongo Mengolo]]}}

'''Chantal Biya''' (o pele a neng a itsege ka leina la '''Chantal Pulchérie Vigouroux'''; o o tshotsweng ka Morule a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 1970) ke motho wa maemo a a kwa godimo mo setšhabeng kwa [[Cameroon]], o o berekang e le mohumagadi wa ga tautona wa Cameroon fa e sale ka 1994, e le mosadi wa ga tautona [[Paul Biya]].

== Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana ==
Chantal Biya o tsholetswe kwa [[Dimako]], kwa kgaolong ya botlhaba jwa Cameroon.&lt;ref&gt;G'nowa, Hermann Oswald (19 April 2008), [https://web.archive.org/web/20080926185233/http://www.cameroun-online.com/actualite%2Cactu-4344.html &quot;L'unique fille de Paul Biya fait ses études primaires en Suisse&quot;,] ''Cameroun Online'' (in French), archived from [https://cameroun-online.com/actualite,actu-4344.html the original] on 26 September 2008&lt;/ref&gt; Rraagwe e ne e le mofaladi wa mo Fora Georges Vigouroux. Mmaagwe, ebong [[Rosette Ndongo Mengolo]], e ne e le mofenyi wa mmabontle wa [[Doumé]]. Mmaagwe o ne a tlhophilwe go nna mmatoropo wa [[Bangou]] morago ga ditlhopho tsa mmasepala tsa Phukwi 2007.&lt;ref&gt;F., M. (2007), &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120208060018/http://www.quotidienmutations.info/mutations/aout/1186041292.php Bangou : La mère de Chantal Biya élue maire]&quot; [Bangou: Chantal Biya's mother elected mayor], ''Quotidien Mutations'' (in French), Yaoundé, Cameroon: South Media Corporation, archived from [http://www.quotidienmutations.info/mutations/aout/1186041292.php the original] on 8 February 2012&lt;/ref&gt; O feditse dingwaga tsa gagwe tsa bokgarejwana kwa [[Yaoundé.]]&lt;ref&gt;Morikang, Tche Irene (2008), &quot;[https://allafrica.com/stories/200805060838.html Cameroon: Revisiting the Extraordinary Life of Chantal Biya]&quot;, ''Cameroon Tribune'' – via AllAfrica, &lt;q&gt;From her birth in Dimako, through her life as an adolescent in [Yaoundé]...&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsa mautlwelobotlhoko ==
O tlhamile lekgotla la Fondation Chantal Biya ka 1994.&lt;ref&gt;''[http://synergiesafricaines.org/partenaires-fcb.html Fondation Chantal BIYA]'' [''Chantal Biya Foundation''] (in French), Yaoundé, Cameroon: Synergies Africaines contre le SIDA et les Souffrances, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150612222912/http://synergiesafricaines.org/partenaires-fcb.html archived] from the original on 12 June 2015, &lt;q&gt;''Créée en 1994 par Madame Chantal BIYA, Epouse du Président de la République du Cameroun, la Fondation Chantal BIYA est une association humanitaire, apolitique, non-confessionnelle et à but non-lucratif''&lt;/q&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1996, o ne a tshwara bokopano jwa ntlha jwa basadi kwa Yaoundé.&lt;ref&gt;Ibrahim, Jibrin (2003), ''[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=codesria.org/IMG/pdf/Ibrahim.pdf Democratic Transition in Anglophone West Africa]'' (PDF), Monograph, Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA, [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-86978-122-1|978-2-86978-122-1]]&lt;/bdi&gt;, [[:en:Library_of_Congress_Control_Number|LCCN]] [https://search.catalog.loc.gov/search?option=lccn&amp;query=2006406193 2006406193], [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/55051309 55051309], [[:en:Open_Library|OL]] [[openlibrary:books/OL8986042M/Democratic_Transition_In_Anglophone_West_Africa|8986042M]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214019/http://codesria.org/Links/Publications/monographs/Ibrahim.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Lekgotla la Jeunesse active pour Chantal Biya ke lekalana la lekgotla la monna wa gagwe la [[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement.]]&lt;ref&gt;Ngwane, Mwalimu George (2004), [https://web.archive.org/web/20250927000519/https://www.gngwane.com/files/cameroons_democratic_process.pdf &quot;Cameroon's Democratic Process: Vision 2020&quot;] (PDF), ''CODESRIA Bulletin'', no. 3/4, Dakar, Senegal: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0850-8712 0850-8712], [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/774525259 774525259], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120205204115/http://www.gngwane.com/files/cameroons_democratic_process.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tshenyetso Setšhaba ==
Tshenyetso setšhaba ya ga Paul le Chantal Biya le go gapa dithoto tsa setšhaba sa Cameroon go kwadilwe thata ka gone. Ene le morwae Franck Hertz, ba rekile dikago kwa Paris le ntswa ba sena letseno lepe la madi. Metswedi ya dikgang ya kwa U.S e tlhomamisa tshenyetse setšhaba e kgolo kwa Cameroon, e go begilweng fa e feta didikadike di le makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano ka dingwaga tsa 2017 go tsena 2022.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/investigationspecial-reports/608429-investigation-how-internationally-connected-cameroon-elites-plundered-656-million.html &quot;INVESTIGATION: How internationally connected Cameroon elites plundered $656 million&quot;.] ''[[:en:Premium_Times|Premium Times]]''. 7 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bertrand Teyou ==
Ka Ngwanatsele 2010, [[Bertrand Teyou]] o ne a gatisa buka ya ''La Belle de la république bananière : Chantal Biya, de la rue au palais'',&lt;ref&gt;Teyou, Bertrand (2010), ''La belle de la république bananière : Chantal Biya, de la rue au palais'' [''The belle of the banana republic: Chantal Biya, from the streets to the palace''] (in French), Douala, Cameroon: Nation libre, [[:en:Library_of_Congress_Control_Number|LCCN]] [https://search.catalog.loc.gov/search?option=lccn&amp;query=2011342343 2011342343], [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/707023206 707023206], [[:en:Open_Library|OL]] [[openlibrary:books/OL24833906M/La_belle_de_la_république_bananière|24833906M]]&lt;/ref&gt; e tlhotlhomisa go tlhatloga maemo ga ga Biya go tswa kwa bongwaneng go fitlhelela a nna mohumagadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Lees, Kevin A. (2014)[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-story-behind-the-hair-chantal-biya_b_5657031 , &quot;The Story Behind the Hair: Contemporary, Repressive Cameroon&quot;], ''HuffPost'', [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/268958614 268958614,] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150706092534/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kevin-a-lees/the-story-behind-the-hair-chantal-biya_b_5657031.html archived] from the original on 6 July 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Mitchell, Tamsin (2011a), ''[https://www.pen-international.org/newsitems/cameroon-author-jailed-for-insulting-president%E2%80%99s-wife/ Writers in Prison Committee: Cameroon: Author jailed for insulting President's wife]'', London, England: PEN International, [https://web.archive.org/web/20151206182805/http://www.pen-international.org/newsitems/cameroon-author-jailed-for-insulting-president%E2%80%99s-wife/ archived] from the original on 6 December 2015&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a atlholellwa dingwaga di le pedi mo kgolegelong ka molato wa go tlhapatsa le go rulaganya mogwanto o o seng mo teseletsong ka maiteko a go rulaganya go bala mo pontsheng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Lekgotla la [[Amnesty International]] le komiti ya bakwadi ba ba mo kgolegelong ya [[PEN International]] ba nnile kgatlhanong le go tshwarwa ga gagwe ba bo ba ntsha dikopo mo boemong jwa gagwe. Lekgotla la Amnesty International le ne la re ke legolegwa le le nang le segakolodi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr17/001/2011/en/ &quot;Urgent Action: Cameroonian writer held in harsh conditions&quot;.] Amnesty International. Retrieved 10 March 2026&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a gololwa ka Moranang 2011 fa mongwe a dumalana go duela katlholo ya gagwe gore a kgone go bona ba botsogo ka botsogo jwa gagwe bo ne bo wela tlase.&lt;ref&gt;Mitchell, Tamsin (2011b), ''[http://www.pen-international.org/newsitems/cameroon-author-jailed-for-insult-released/ Writers in Prison Committee: Cameroon: Author Jailed for Insult Released]'', London, England: PEN International, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131215052755/http://www.pen-international.org/newsitems/cameroon-author-jailed-for-insult-released/ archived] from the original on 15 December 2013, &lt;q&gt;PEN International welcomes the release of author Bertrand Teyou on 29 April 2011 after almost six months in prison for allegedly insulting the President's wife in a book he published [in 2010].... Teyou was freed from New Bell prison in Douala on 19 April 2011 after a well‑wisher paid the fine&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
[[Setshwantsho:ChantalBiya42.jpg|thumb|Chantal Biya a amogela ditumediso go tswa mo go mma mapodisi wa Cameroon, Dr. Cecile Oyono ka 2012]]
O nyetswe ke [[Paul Biya]], o a mo fetang ka dingwaga di le masome mararo le borataro, ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1994, morago ga gore mosadi wa gagwe wa ntlha, [[Jeanne-Irene Biya]] a tlhokafale ka 1992.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015344/http://www.presidentielle2004.gov.cm/candidats.php?id_cand=10&amp;module=bio&amp;lang=en ''2004 Presidential elections: Paul Biya's Biography'', Republic of Cameroon], archived from [http://www.presidentielle2004.gov.cm/candidats.php?id_cand=10&amp;module=bio&amp;lang=en the original] on 30 September 2007, &lt;q&gt;Paul BIYA has been married since 23 April 1994 to Chantal BIYA, after the passing away of his first wife on 29 July 1992.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

O na le bana ba basimane ba mawelana Franck le Patrick Hertz (ba ba tshotsweng ka 1987) le monna wa gagwe wa ntlha.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231004030440/https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-africa/2022/12/15/chantal-biya-s-son-franck-hertz-proves-his-business-credentials,109874211-art Chantal Biya's son, Franck Hertz, proves his business credentials,] africaintelligence.com. Accessed 10 March 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Ene le Paul Biya ba na le bana ba le babedi: Paul Jr le [[Brenda Biya]].

Chantal Biya o itsege ka baakanya moriri ka tsela e e raraaneng. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Andrews-Dyer, Helena (4 August 2014), [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/reliable-source/wp/2014/08/04/the-first-lady-of-cameroon-and-her-hair-have-touched-down-in-d-c/ &quot;The first lady of Cameroon and her hair have touched down in D.C.&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', Reliable Source, [https://web.archive.org/web/20151012013310/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/reliable-source/wp/2014/08/04/the-first-lady-of-cameroon-and-her-hair-have-touched-down-in-d-c/ archived] from the original on 12 October 2015, retrieved 10 March 2026&lt;/ref&gt;Bogolo jang tiriso meriri e e rwalwang,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ebony.com/chantel-biya-hair-053/ &quot;WITH ALL DUE RESPECT:NO ONE SNATCHES CHANTEL BIYA'S WIG (AND FOR GOOD REASON)&quot;.] ''www.ebony.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; tsela e a ratang go baakanya moriri wa gagwe ka yone e bidiwa ''the banane'', e dirisiwa mo meletlong ya semmuso. &lt;ref&gt;Nyamnjoh, Francis B.; Durham, Deborah; Fokwang, Jude D. (2002), [https://web.archive.org/web/20250925163707/https://www.nyamnjoh.com/files/nyamnjoh_etal.pdf &quot;The Domestication of Hair and Modernised Consciousness in Cameroon: A Critique in the Context of Globalisation&quot;] (PDF), ''Identity, Culture and Politics: An Afro‑Asian Dialogue'', vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 98–124, [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0851-2914 0851-2914], [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/774633458 774633458], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060221205430/http://www.nyamnjoh.com/files/nyamnjoh_etal.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2006&lt;/ref&gt;Biya o tumisitse ditsela tse dingwe tsa go baakanya moriri, mmogo di itsege ka leina la ''Chantal Biya''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250925163707/https://www.nyamnjoh.com/files/nyamnjoh_etal.pdf Nyamnjoh, Durham &amp; Fokwang] (2002), p. 117&lt;/ref&gt; O itsege ka mesese e e sa tlwaelesegang, e akaretsa e e segilweng, le dibeke tse di segilweng. Basigi ba a ba ratang ba akaretsa [[Chanel]], [[Dior]] le [[Louis Vuitton]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Chantal Biya and Laura Bush, 2003.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Chantal Biya le Laura Bush morago ga go nwa kofi kwa kamoreng ya Yellow Oval kwa ntlong ya botautona ka 2003]]
[[Setshwantsho:Chantal Biya with Obamas 2014.jpg|thumb|Chantal Biya le [[Michelle Obama]] ka 2014]]
[[Setshwantsho:Paul Biya with Obamas.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Boora Obama le Chantal le Paul Biya, ka 2009]]
[[Setshwantsho:Paul Biya with Obamas 2014.jpg|center|thumb|150x150px|Boora Obama ba na le Chantal le Paul Biya ka 2014]]


== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Hlengiwe Mkhaliphi</title>
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      <text bytes="2083" sha1="n3ibvitphr6hcec0hyy2oxwjhejb3bi" xml:space="preserve">Mkhaliphi ke leloko le le simolotseng Balwela Kgololesego ya Ikonomi, lekoko le le tlhomilweng ka Phukwi 2013 mme ga jaana le eteletswe pele ke [[Tsa Bophelo jwa ga Julius Malema|Julius Malema]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Founding of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/founding-economic-freedom-fighters-eff |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=South Africa History Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tlhopiwa go nna mongwe wa maloko a palamente a ntlha a lekoko ka Motsheganong 2014. Ka Sedimonthole wa one ngwaga oo, o ne a tlhopiiwa go nna motlatsamokwaledikakaretso wa ntlha wa lekoko. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=IN PICTURES: EFF elects top six, unopposed|url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/pictures-eff-elects-top-six-unopposed|access-date=20 September 2020|work=eNCA|date=15 December 2014|archivedate=26 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526002316/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/pictures-eff-elects-top-six-unopposed}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mkhaliphi o boetse kwa Palamenteng morago ga ditlhophokakaretso tsa 2019. Kwa khonferenseng ya lekoko ka Sedimonthole, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motlatsa mokwaledi-kakaretso lekgetlo la bobedi, mme o ne a gana go tlhophiwa. Poppy Mailola o ne a tlhophiwa go mo tlhatlhama. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Julius Malema re-elected EFF leader amid changes in the Top Six|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/eff-national-peoples-assembly-malema-top-six-15-december-2019/|access-date=20 September 2020|date=15 December 2019|archivedate=28 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028083022/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/eff-national-peoples-assembly-malema-top-six-15-december-2019/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a tlhopiwa gape go nna leloko la Kokoano Bosetšhaba ka ditlhophokakaretso tsa 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Karabo Gare</title>
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      <text bytes="3954" sha1="6kbnzhao70qwir37tiximcl2b9qwu5o" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Radipolotiki wa Motswana}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Karabo Gare
| image = 
| image_size = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Botswana]]
| office = Modulasetilo wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]]
| term_start = 10 Motsheganong 2025
| term_end = 
| president =
| predecessor = [[Slumber Tsogwane]]
| successor = 
| office1 = [[Leloko la Palamente (Botswana)|Leloko la Palamente]] la [[Moshupa-Manyana]]
| term_start1 = 17 Seetebosigo 2018
| term_end1 = 
| president1 = 
| predecessor1 = [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]
| successor1 = 
| majority1 = 6,865 (30.4%)
| office2 = Tona ya Kgwebo ya Boitshimololedi ya Botswana
| term_start2 = 13 Tlhakole 2022
| term_end2   = 1 Ngwanatsele 2024
| president2 = [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]
| predecessor2 = ''Maemo a simolotswe''
| successor2 = Tiroeaone Ntsima
| office3 = Motlatsa Tona wa Peeletso, Kgwebo le Intaseteri
| term_start3 = 5 Ngwanatsele 2019
| term_end3 = 13 Tlhakole 2022
| predecessor3 = [[Moiseraele Goya]]
| successor3 = [[Beauty Manake]]
| party = [[Botswana Democratic Party]]
}}
'''Karabo Socraat Gare''' ke radipolotiki le morutabana wa Motswana yo o direlang jaaka [[Leloko la Palamente (Botswana)|Leloko la Palamente]] (MP) la [[Moshupa-Manyana]] go tloga ka 2018. O ntse e le modulasetilo wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] fa e sa le a tlhophiwa ka Motsheganong 2025, a tsaya maemo a [[Slumber Tsogwane]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mmegi - UPDATE: Karabo Gare has been elected as the new chairperson of the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), securing 385 votes. He was followed by Dorcas Makgato with 272 and lastly Dr Kefentse Mzwinila with 70 votes respectively. PIC: KENNEDY RAMOKONE #BDP {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/MmegiOnline/photos/update-karabo-gare-has-been-elected-as-the-new-chairperson-of-the-botswana-democ/1118975410274978/?_rdr |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O ne a direla mo kabineteng ya ga Masisi la ntlha e le Motlatsa Tona wa Peeletso, Kgwebo le Intaseteri go tloga ka 2019 go fitlha ka 2022, mme morago a nna Tona ya Kgwebo ya Boitshimololedi go tloga ka 2022 go fitlha ka 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://newsinvasion24.com/botswana-minister-karabo-gare-recognizes-choppies-long-service-awards/#google_vignette |title=Minister Karabo Gare recognizes Choppies Long Service Awards |date= |author= |access-date= 20 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sekgweng |first=Baitshepi |date=2022-11-22 |title=Inside Ministry of Entreprenuership's blueprint » TheVoiceBW |url=https://thevoicebw.com/inside-ministry-of-entreprenuerships-blueprint/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=TheVoiceBW |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Seitshiro |first=Kabelo |date=2022-05-05 |title=New Minister of Entrepreneurship Gare speaks {{!}} Sunday Standard |url=https://www.sundaystandard.info/new-minister-of-entrepreneurship-gare-speaks/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2025-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006072042/https://www.sundaystandard.info/new-minister-of-entrepreneurship-gare-speaks/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nako ya gagwe e simolotse ka 13 Tlhakole 2022 mme ya fela ka 1 Ngwanatsele 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Botswana Government Ministries |url=https://www.govpage.co.za/botswana-government-ministries.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.govpage.co.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Republic of Botswana ♦ Embassy in Stockholm, Sweden ♦ |url=http://www.botswana.se/News/CABINET-APPOINTMENTS |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.botswana.se}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshupiso ==
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef
| before =
}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[Tona ya Kgwebo ya Boitshimololedi ya Botswana]]
| years = 
}}
{{S-aft
| after = 
}}
{{S-end}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Batho ba ba sa ntseng ba tshela]]
[[Category:Ditona tsa Puso ya Botswana]]
[[Category:Ngwaga wa tsalo ga o itsege (ba ba tshelang)]]

{{Botswana-politician-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adhir Kalyan</title>
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      <text bytes="9126" sha1="s92vq9yoja0u0g9ajd8kbhecfk2sjk6" xml:space="preserve">Go tswa mo Wikipedia, bokokokanyi jwa kitso jo bo gololesegileng

'''Adhir Kalyan''' (o tshotswe ka Phatwe 4, 1983) ke modiragatsi wa mo Aforika Borwa yo o itsegeng thata ka seabe sa gagwe jaaka Timmy mo lenaneong la metlae la [[CBS]] la ''[[Rules of Engagement]]'' le jaaka Awalmir Karimi/'Al' mo go ''[[United States of Al]]''. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120210161610/http://www.metacritic.com/movies/ &quot;Adhir Kalyan&quot;]. ''Movietome''. Archived from [http://www.movietome.com/people/439335/adhir-kalyan/index.html the original] on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa Bonana ==
Lelapa la ga Kalyan ke la lotso lwa [[Baindia ba Aforika Borwa]]. Mmaagwe, [[Santosh Vinita &quot;Sandy&quot; Kalyan]], e ne e le [[leloko la Palamente]] mo [[Sebokeng sa Bosetšhaba sa Aforika Borwa]], koo a neng a emetse mokgatlho wa [[Democratic Alliance]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[http://www.cwtv.com/shows/aliens-in-america/cast/adhir-kalyan &quot;Adhir Kalyan&quot;]. CWTV. Retrieved 30 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kalyan o weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa sekolo kwa Marklands kwa Durban. Pele ga a fudugela kwa moseja, o ne a diragatsa mo ditshupatshupong di le mmalwa mo Aforika Borwa, go akarediwa diphetogo tsa tiragatso tsa ''[[Oliver Twist]]'' le ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' tsa ga [[Charles Dickens]], phetogo ya ''[[The Ground Beneath Her Feet]]'' ya ga [[Salman Rushdie]], le motshameko wa segologolo wa Seesemane sa bogologolo wa ga [[Shakespeare]] wa ''[[Macbeth]]''.

== Tiro ==
Ka 2005, Kalyan o ne a fudugela kwa London go ya go sala morago tiro ya gagwe ya bodiragatsi koo a neng a bona ditiro mo lenaneong la BBC la ''[[Holby City]]'' ([[Setlha sa bo 8|setlha sa]] [[Setlha sa bo 8|bo 8]]) jaaka Arjmand Younis, mo go ''[[Spooks]]'' ([[Setlha sa bo 5|setlha sa]] [[Setlha sa bo 5|bo 5]]), le mo maranyaneng a Ireland a [[RTÉ One]] mo go ''[[Fair City]]'' jaaka Ramal Kirmani. Kalyan o ne a tlhagelela gape mo difiliming di le mmalwa tse di ikemetseng. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Kalyan o ne a na le seabe se segolo mo lenaneong la metlae la maranyane a Amerika la [[CW Television Network]] la ''[[Aliens in America]]'', jaaka moithuti wa phapantshano go tswa kwa Pakistan yo o nang le lelapa la kwa [[Wisconsin]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?id=7389 &quot;News 7389&quot;]. ''The Futon Critic''. Retrieved 30 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;O ne a tshameka baanelwa ba ba iphetang mo setlheng sa botlhano sa lenaneo la kheibole la ''[[Nip/Tuck]]'',&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022737/http://www.zap2it.com/tv/news/zap-adhirkalyan-niptuck,0,1268424.story?track=rss &quot;Adhir Kalyan joins FX show&quot;]. ''Zap2it''. Retrieved 30 March 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; le mo setlheng sa boraro sa lenaneo la metlae la [[CBS]] la ''[[Rules of Engagement]]'', a nna moanelwa wa ka metlha mo setlheng sa bone sa lenaneo leo.

Ka 2009, Kalyan o ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya ''[[Paul Blart: Mall Cop]]'' jaaka Pahud, lesha le le neng le kgatlhegela mosetsana wa lone Parisa, mo go ''[[Up in the Air]]'' jaaka modiri yo o kobilweng, le mo metlaeng ya bahubaganyi ya ''[[Fired Up]]''. Ka 2010, o ne a tlhagelela mo go ''[[Youth in Revolt]]'', mme ka 2011, a tlhagelela ka seabe se sennye mo go ''[[No Strings Attached]]''.

Kwa bokhutlong jwa 2015, o ne a simolola go nna le seabe se segolo mo lenaneong la [[Fox]] la ditiragalo tsa bosenyi tsa saense la ''[[Second Chance]]''.

Ka Sedimonthole 2019, Kalyan o ne a tlhophilwe go tshameka mofetoledi wa Moafghan Awalmir Karimi (&quot;Al&quot;), mogaka yo mogolo mo lenaneong la metlae la [[CBS]] la ''[[United States of Al]]''. Lenaneo leno la metlae le ne la simolola go gasiwa ka Moranang 1, 2021, le dikaganyeditse ke kgang kgolo. Le ne la gololwa ka ditshwayo tse di sa itumediseng thata, lenaneo le badiri ba lone ba ne ba tshwaiwa diphoso ka ntlha ya metlae ya lone, tiriso ya mekgwa e e siileng ke nako, mme segolobogolo, batshwayadiphoso ba ne ba bolelela gore go tlhophiwa ga modiragatsi wa Moindia yo o tsholetsweng kwa Aforika Borwa go tshameka moanelwa yo mogolo wa Moafghan le tiriso ya gagwe ya mokgwa wa go bua o o seng wa nnete. &lt;ref&gt;Ramos, Dino-Ray (21 March 2021). [https://deadline.com/2021/03/chuck-lorre-united-states-of-al-afghan-character-reza-aslan-diversity-inclusion-representation-1234718863/ &quot;'United States of Al' Blasted For Handling Of Afghan Character; Reza Aslan Defends CBS Sitcom: &quot;You Can't Judge A Show By A 30 Second Trailer&quot;&quot;]. ''[[:en:Deadline_Hollywood|Deadline Hollywood]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210324211842/https://deadline.com/2021/03/chuck-lorre-united-states-of-al-afghan-character-reza-aslan-diversity-inclusion-representation-1234718863/ Archived] from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa Sebotho ==
Ka Mopitlo 2015, o ne a beelelwa ke modiragatsi [[Emily Wilson]] wa lenaneo la ''[[General Hospital]]''. &lt;ref&gt;Wilson, Emily [@emily]; (8 April 2015). [https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/1OpY6nt23Y &quot;We're Engaged!!&quot;]. Archived from [https://www.instagram.com/p/1OpY6nt23Y/ the original] on 24 December 2021 – via [[:en:Instagram|Instagram]].&lt;/ref&gt; Ene le Wilson ba ne ba nyalana ka Phalane 1, 2016, kwa Colony 29 kwa [[Palm Springs, California]]. &lt;ref&gt;Cushman, Dustin (3 October 2016). [https://soaps.sheknows.com/general-hospital/news/43045/exgeneral-hospitals-emily-wilson-engaged &quot;Emily Wilson Marries Adhir Kalyan&quot;]. Soaps.sheknows.com. Retrieved 4 October 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ne ba amogela ngwana wa bone wa ntlha mmogo, morwadi, yo o tshotsweng ka Mopitlo 23, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;Clifford, Kambra (29 March 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230802035928/https://www.soapcentral.com/general-hospital/news/2021/0329-emily_wilson_welcomes_a_baby_girl.php &quot;General Hospital alum Emily Wilson welcomes a baby girl&quot;]. ''soapcentral.com''. Retrieved 2 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ne ba amogela ngwana wa bone wa bobedi, morwa, ka Phalane 11, 2024.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.instagram.com/p/DHJgvFUPiOe/?img_index=1 &quot;Surprise! 💙 Kavi James Kalyan has entered the chat…Born on October 3rd at 11:11am, he came into the world in a hurry. So much so, I almost had him in the car on the way to the hospital. He is the sweetest boy with the biggest smile! Mira loves being his big sister, and Adhir and I feel incredibly grateful for this family of ours. ❤️&quot;]. ''instagram.com''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Difilimi le Mananeo a Thelebishene ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Ngwaga
!Setlhogo
!Mofuta
!Seabe
!Dintlha ka kakaretso
|-
|2006
|[[Holby City]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Arjmand Younis
|Kgaolo e le 1
|-
|2006-2007
|[[Fair City]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Ramal Kirmani
|
|-
|2007-2008
|[[Aliens in America]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Raja
|Seabe se segolo&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/adhir_kalyan &quot;Adhir Kalyan – Rotten Tomatoes&quot;]. ''www.rottentomatoes.com''. Retrieved 18 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Paul Blart: Mall Cop]]
|Filimi
|Pahud
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Fired Up!]]
|Filimi
|Brewster
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Up in the Air]]
|Filimi
|Modiri wa IT yo o galefileng
|
|-
|2009
|[[Nip/Tuck]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Raj Paresh
|Dikgaolo di le 3&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2009
|[[Youth in Revolt]]
|Filimi
|Vijay Joshi
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2009-2013
|[[Rules of Engagement]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Timmy
|Moanelwa yo o iphetang (Setlha sa 3)
Moanelwa yo mogolo (Setlha sa 4–7)

Dikgaolo di le 70&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2010
|[[High School]]
|Filimi
|Sebastian Saleem
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2011
|[[No Strings Attached]]
|Filimi
|Kevin
|
|-
|2015
|[[Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2]]
|Filimi
|Pahud
|Go tlhagelela go se nene
|-
|2016
|[[Second Chance]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Otto Goodwin
|Seabe se segolo &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[A Nice Girl Like You]]
|Filimi
|Paul Goodwin
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2020
|[[Broken Promises 5]]
|Filimi
|Bushknife Bobby
|
|-
|2020
|[[The Goldbergs]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Dodd Wembley
|Kgaolo: &quot;It's All About Comptrol&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2021-2022
|[[United States of Al]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Awalmir &quot;Al&quot; Karimi
|Moanelwa yo mogolo&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2022
|[[Bob Hearts Abishola]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Jared
|Kgaolo: &quot;Inner Boss Bitch&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Schwartz, Ryan (7 October 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221011014919/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bob-hearts-abishola-adds-adhir-182439671.html &quot;Bob Hearts Abishola Adds Adhir Kalyan as Christina's Coworker — Just as TVLine Dreamt Up! Watch Sneak Peek&quot;]. ''www.yahoo.com''. Archived from [https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bob-hearts-abishola-adds-adhir-182439671.html the original] on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Not Dead Yet]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Keith
|Kgaolo: &quot;Not Feeling It Yet&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2023
|[[Broken Promises 6]]
|Filimi
|Bushknife Bobby
|Seabe se segolo
|-
|2025
|[[9-1-1: Nashville]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Stuart Pearson
|Kgaolo: &quot;Hell and High Water&quot;
|-
|2026
|[[NCIS]]
|Lenaneo la TV
|Motshekisi
|Kgaolo: &quot;All Good Things&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Schultz, Cody (24 March 2026). [https://hiddenremote.com/ncis-500th-episode-cast-includes-man-with-a-plan-united-states-of-al-stars &quot;NCIS 500th episode cast includes Man with a Plan, United States of Al stars&quot;]. ''Hidden Remote''. Retrieved 26 March 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ditshupetso ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Betty Makoni</title>
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      <text bytes="11467" sha1="hvit54kdgx1n155ampx3f8wf4javjub" xml:space="preserve">'''Hazviperi''' '''Betty Makoni''' ke molweladitshwanelo tsa basadi ba lefatshe la Zimbabwe yo ka 1999 a neng a tlhoma Kgokagano ya Bana ba Basetsana, mokgatlho wa bopelotlhomogi o o tshegetsang batswasetlhabelo ba basha ba Zimbabwe ba ba sotlwang ka thobalano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/06/04/cnnheroes.betty.makoni/index.html|title=Child rape survivor saves 'virgin myth' victims|accessdate=2009-12-27|work=CNN|date=2009-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Truth About: Betty Makoni|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx|accessdate=15 August 2014|date=13 October 2009|archivedate=13 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513075540/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fa e sa le ka nako eo, mafaratlhatlha ao a ile a atologela kwa Amerika, Yuropa le kwa mafatsheng a a farologaneng a Aforika.

O amogetse dithuto tsa digerata di le pedi kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Zimbabwe]], mme o abetswe dietsele di le mmalwa tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Makoni o ne a nna khutsana fa a ne a sa ntse a le ngwana mme a sotliwa ka tlhakanelodikobo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Child Rights Activist Betty Makoni &quot;Lights Up the Dark&quot; for Abused and Disadvantaged Young Girls |url=https://thewip.net/contributors/2007/10/zimbabwean_child_rights_activi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151507/http://www.thewip.net/contributors/2007/10/zimbabwean_child_rights_activi.html |archive-date=2009-11-18 |access-date=2010-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; ke ene setlhogo se segolo mo filiming ya ditokomane ya ''[[Tapestries of Hope]]'' .

== Botshelo jwa pele ==
Botshelo jwa ga Makoni bo simolotse&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Betty Makoni - World's Children's Prize |url=https://worldschildrensprize.org/betty-makoni |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=worldschildrensprize.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwa St Mary's kwa motsesetoropong o o humanegileng wa [[Chitungwiza]], kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. O ne a fetsa bontsi jwa botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele a lebile rraagwe a betsa mmaagwe mo e ka nnang bosigo bongwe le bongwe, mme go tsweng foo batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi ba ne ba tlaa mmetsa le batsalwaleene ba batlhano. Makoni o ne a kgarametswa a sa le monnye thata go batla tiro le go tshegetsa batsalwaleene ba le batlhano. Fa a le dingwaga di le thataro, kwa lefelong la bofelo la bareki la letsatsi la gagwe la tiro, Makoni o ne a tsena mo lebentleleng le ditsala tsa gagwe mme a tswalelwa mo teng. Mong wa lebenkele o ne a tswelela ka go mo betelela le ditsala tsa gagwe tsotlhe, a dumela gore go betelela makgarejwana go tla tlisa lesego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Interview with Muzvare Betty Makoni |url=https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/about-us/our-alumni/for-alumni/alumni-news/muzvare-betty-makoni-interview |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=www.royalholloway.ac.uk |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dingwaga di le tharo morago ga foo mmaagwe o ne a tlhokafala mo kotsing ya kgokgontsho ya mo gae, mo diatleng tsa ga rraagwe, fa a ne a imile mme ka bonako fela morago ga moo o ne a romelwa kwa sekolong se se nang le marobalo se se neng se itsege thata ka go betsa bana.

== Tiro ==
Ka ngwaga wa 2000 o ne a simolodisa Girl Child Network, ka tsholofelo ya go tshegetsa ditshwanelo tsa basetsana le go aga maatla fa gare ga bone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Fa mosetsana a ne a tlhoka go engwa nokeng ka gonne a ne a betelelwa, a patelesega go tlogela sekolo, a tlhoka madi a go duelela dijo, diaparo kgotsa sengwe le sengwe se mosetsana a neng a se tlhoka, Betty o ne a le teng. Mo tirong ya gagwe yotlhe mo Girl Child Network, Betty o kgonne go ema basetsana ba ka nna 40,00 nokeng mo tirong ya gagwe yotlhe, mme mekgatlho e le mentsi ya lefatshe ya kgaolo e ile ya boeletsa sekao se se tsenngwang tirisong ke Girl Child Network.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kgokagano e ya Bana ba Basetsana e tswelela go atologa go ralala lefatshe,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=van Reisen |first=M.E.H. |year=2010 |title=Zimbabwe: Women's Voices |url=https://repository.tilburguniversity.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0d742742-9c56-4ebe-94eb-b49adbef88ab/content |last2=Kwinjeh |first2=G. |last3=Luecke |first3=L. |publisher=EEPA |series=Report of the European Parliamentary Hearing |location=Brussels |access-date=18 November 2025 |archive-date=7 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207050143/https://repository.tilburguniversity.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0d742742-9c56-4ebe-94eb-b49adbef88ab/content |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; go ya kwa USA, Yuropa le dikarolo tsa Aforika go ema basetsana nokeng go ralala lefatshe. Ka go atlega ga yone, go ntse fela jalo le ka tiro ya ga Betty Makoni, e jaanong a direlang jaaka Mokhuduthamaga wa Girl Child Network Lefatshe Lotlhe.

== Metse ya Nonotsho (&quot;matlo a a babalesegileng&quot;) ==
Fa tiro ya gagwe e ntse e gola, Makoni o ne a atolosa Girl Child Network go nna tsamaiso ya lefatshe ka bophara e e neng e akaretsa &quot;metse ya nonotsho&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-11-01 |title=Zimbabwe Gender Activist Fights to Protect Victims of Violence against Women and Girls |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-04-29-voa8/401755.html |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; matlo a a babalesegileng a a diretsweng basetsana ba ba tshabang kgokgontsho ya thobalano le kgokgontsho ya mo gae. [https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/betty-makoni Dikago tsa GCN] tse di jaaka tse di neelana ka mafelo a tshireletso a tshoganyetso, diphetisetso tsa kalafi, kgakololo ya tlhaloganyo, thuso ya semolao, le tshegetso ya go kopanngwa gape ga bafalodi. Metse e ya nonotsho gape e dira gabedi jaaka dikago tsa gore makgarebe a amogele kgakololo, thuto ya bokgoni jwa botshelo, tlhabololo ya boeteledipele, le tshegetso ya thuto. Go ya ka ditlhogo tsa dikgang, diketekete tsa makgarebe a a feta mo magaeng a a babalesegileng, makgolokgolo a bone a boela sekolong kgotsa a simolola matshelo a masha, a a ikemetseng le ditiro morago ga go tsosolosiwa mono.

== Ditlotla ==

* Ka 2003 Mokgatlho wa Samiti ya Lefatshe ya Basadi o ne wa abela Makoni Sekgele sa Boitlhamedi jwa Basadi mo Botshelong jwa Magae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pradervand |first=Elly |title=Series on Women Changing the World: Betty Makoni, Zimbabwe |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/elly-pradervand/women-changing-the-world_b_1459341.html |access-date=15 August 2014 |website=The Huffington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ka 2007, Makoni o fentse Mokgele wa Lefatshe wa Bana wa Ditshwanelo tsa Bana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |year=2010 |title=Betty Makoni |url=http://worldschildrensprize.org/betty-makoni |access-date=20 January 2012 |publisher=World's Children's Prize}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ka 2008, Amnesty Boditšhabatšhaba e ne ya mo naya Sekgele sa yone sa Ginetta Sagan ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe le GCN.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |year=2011 |title=Ginetta Sagan Award Winners |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-fund/ginetta-sagan-award-winners |access-date=20 January 2012 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ka 2009, Makoni o ne a newa seetsele sa CNN Heroes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CNN Heroes - Special Reports from CNN.com |url=https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cnn.heroes/archive09/betty.makoni.html |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.cnn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya go sireletsa batho ba ba se nang maatla .
* O ne a bidiwa Mogaka wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Ditshwanelo tsa Bana mmogo le batho ba ba tlhomologileng ba ba jaaka [[Nelson Mandela]] le Graca Machel&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Introducing myself and my journal: We are born victorious and not victims |url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/introducing-myself-and-my-journal-we-are-born-victorious-and-not-victims-379 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=World Pulse |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ka 2006 Makoni le The Girl Child Network ba ne ba amogela sekgele se se eletsegang thata sa Lente e Khibidu ya Ditšhabakopano&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-08-17 |title=UN-organized 'Red Ribbons' awarded for local AIDS initiatives {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2006/08/189292 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka ntlha ya go samagana le go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong go go bakang leroborobo la HIV/AIDS .
* Betty Makoni o ne a umakiwa mo gare ga [[Hillary Clinton]] le baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba lefatshe jaaka basadi ba le 150 ba ba tshikinyang lefatshe&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-05 |title=150 Women Who Shake the World |url=https://www.newsweek.com/150-women-who-shake-world-66131 |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dietsele tsa Basadi mo Difiliming le mo Thelebišeneng-Los Angeles –USA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Q&amp;A: Catching up with the top 10 CNN Heroes - CNN.com |url=https://www.cnn.com/2009/LIVING/12/25/top.10.heroes.qa/index.html |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.cnn.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sekgele sa Porojekete ya Bagaka ba Thutlwa ya 2009&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe |url=https://www.giraffe.org/global/zimbabwe |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=www.giraffe.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Makoni o ne a tswa kwa Zimbabwe ka 2008, morago ga go amogela matshosetsi a le mantsi a polao a a amanang le tiro ya gagwe ya go sireletsa basetsana mo kgokgontshong ya thobalano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Part Two of our Interview with Betty Makoni of Girl Child Network – The Pixel Project |url=https://www.thepixelproject.net/2010/11/20/part-two-of-our-interview-with-betty-makoni-of-girl-child-network/ |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=www.thepixelproject.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo dipotsolotsong, o tlhalositse gore bontsi jwa go buelela ga gagwe go dirile gore a tlhame baba ba ba maatla, go akaretsa le batho ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki, le gore o ne a nna setlhogo sa ditatofatso tsa letsholo la go senngwa leina la boitshwaro jo bo sa siamang jwa madi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-10-13 |title=Betty Makoni {{!}} Activist and Humanatarian {{!}} The Legacy Project |url=https://thelegacyproject.co.za/betty-makoni-activist-humanatarian/ |access-date=2025-12-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moragonyana, le boruni jo bo ikemetseng jwa KPMG bo ne jwa mo tlosa ditatofatso tsotlhe. Mo nakong eo, o ne a bega gore o ne a tshosediwa ka go bolawa gangwe le gape ka mogala wa letheka mme o ne a tlhagisiwa ke ba tirelo ya sephiri ya Zimbabwe gore botshelo jwa gagwe bo mo kotsing. Morago ga se, Makoni o ne a swetsa go tshabela kwa Aforika Borwa pele a fudugela le lelapa la gagwe kwa Enyelane&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The Truth About: Betty Makoni|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx|accessdate=15 August 2014|archivedate=13 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513075540/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-1148-The+Truth+About+Betty+Makoni/news.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt; kwa a nnang teng ga jaana mme o tsweletse ka tiro ya gagwe a babalesegile. Jaana o nyalane le monna wa gagwe Irvine Nyamapfene yo a nnang nae le bana ba le bararo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Betty Makoni shines in Hollywood, another award |url=http://www.zimdiaspora.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2324:betty-makoni-shines-in-hollywood-another-award&amp;catid=38:travel-tips&amp;Itemid=18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107014421/http://www.zimdiaspora.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2324:betty-makoni-shines-in-hollywood-another-award&amp;catid=38:travel-tips&amp;Itemid=18 |archive-date=2016-11-07 |access-date=2009-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Cliff Simon</title>
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      <text bytes="11564" sha1="3bdaorftc5mfc0zglk6t17u113d6bsy" xml:space="preserve">Go tswa mo Wikipedia, bukakgolakololo e e gololesegileng.

'''Cliff Simon''' (7 Lwetse 1962 – 9 Mopitlwe 2021) e ne e le modiragatsi wa mo Aforika Borwa, yo o itsegeng thata ka go tshwantsha [[Ba'al]] mo [[Stargate SG-1]].

== Botshelo jwa Pele ==
Simon o tshotswe kwa [[Johannesburg]], e le ngwana wa bone wa ga Emmanuelle le Phylis Simon. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi ke ba [[losika lwa Bajuta]] go tswa Poland le Lithuania.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Kahla, Cheryl (12 March 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241130164050/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/south-african-actor-cliff-simon-dies-stargate-egoli/ &quot;SA-born 'Stargate' and 'Egoli' actor Cliff Simon dies aged 58&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_South_African|The South African]]''. Retrieved 16 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga bonnyennyaneng thata, Simon o ne a lora go nna motshameki wa motlha wa ntlha wa Aforika Borwa go fenya seetsele sa gouta sa [[Diolimpiki]]. Katiso ya gagwe e simolotse go sa le pele kafa tlase ga kaelo ya ga mmaagwe, e leng morutabana wa [[go thuma]]. Fa a le dingwaga di le 6, o ne a bontsha talente nngwe jaaka motshameki wa metshameko ya go ikgatholosa. Fa a le dingwaga di le 15, Simon o ne a fitlheletse maemo a bosetšhaba mo Aforika Borwa mo go thumeng le mo [[metshamekong ya go ikgatholosa]], mme a tlogela metshameko ya go ikgatholosa go leba tota mo go thumeng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://torontosun.com/entertainment/celebrity/stargate-sg-1-actor-cliff-simon-dies-in-kiteboarding-accident &quot;'Stargate SG-1' actor Cliff Simon dies in kiteboarding accident&quot;]. ''[[:en:Toronto_Sun|Toronto Sun]]''. WENN – [[:en:World_Entertainment_News_Network|World Entertainment News Network]]. 12 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Stolworthy, Jacob (12 March 2021). [https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/cliff-simon-death-cause-stargate-sg1-b1816247.html &quot;Cliff Simon death: Stargate SG-1 actor dies in tragic accident, aged 58&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Independent|The Independent]]''. &lt;q&gt;'He died doing one of the things he loved most,' his wife said.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

O tsene Sandringham Primary School le Sandringham High School kwa Johannesburg. Ka 1975, batsadi ba ga Simon ba ne ba swetsa ka go fudugela kwa United Kingdom, ka ntlha ya merusu e e neng e le teng ka nako eo mo Aforika. Ke gone koo Simon a weditseng dithuto tsa gagwe teng mme a tlhophiwa go thuma mo setlhopheng sa boditšhabatšhaba sa Borithane. O ne a tsenelela diteko tsa Diolimpiki mme a tshwanelega go ya kwa [[Diolimpiking tsa Selemo tsa 1984]] kwa [[Los Angeles]]. [[Yunibesithi ya Houston]] le [[Southern Methodist University]] kwa [[Texas]] di ne tsa mo naya dibasari, kwa a neng a katisiwa le setlhopha sa go thuma sa United States, e leng Mustangs. Se se ne se ka felela ka go nna le seabe mo Metshamekong ya Diolimpiki ya 1984. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga a ise a ko a fitlhelela go tsena mo metshamekong eo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-56371582 &quot;Cliff Simon: Actor who played Ba'al in Stargate dies aged 58&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Saperstein, Pat (11 March 2021). [https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/cliff-simon-dead-stargate-sg-1-1234928931/#! &quot;Cliff Simon, Actor in 'Stargate SG 1', Dies at 58&quot;]. ''[[:en:Variety_(magazine)|Variety]]''. Retrieved 15 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Morago a boela Aforika Borwa, Simon a tsena mo [[sesoleng sa sefofane]] kwa a neng a tswelela ka go thuma mme a fitlhelela seetsele se se kwa godimo sa diatleletiki se se ntshiwang mo sesoleng sa sefofane, e leng [[Victor Ludorum]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tiro ==
Ka 1982, morago ga go direla dingwaga tse pedi mo [[sesoleng sa sefofane]], o ne a bona tiro ya go ruta [[go tabogela mo phefong]] le [[Kgweetsa mo metsing|go kgweetsa mo metsing]] kwa hoteleng ya boikhutso. Tshameko ya lebaleng la metshameko e ne e ntse e tlhamiwa kwa hoteleng ya boikhutso, mme Simon o ne a itsisiwe ke mongwe wa batshameki gore [[mokwadi wa mmino]] wa go tantsha o batla motshameki wa metshameko ya go ikgatholosa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

A tsaya tiro eo, Simon o ne a tshameka mo lefatsheng ka bophara mo ditlhamong tse di farologaneng tsa lebaleng la metshameko jaaka motantshi/seakrobate. Ka 1989, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motshameki kwa [[Moulin Rouge]] kwa Paris, Fora, Yuropa. Moragonyana o ne a tla kwala buka ya ''Paris Nights: My Year at the Moulin Rouge'' (2016), e leng [[pegelo ya botshelo jwa gagwe]] jwa nako ya gagwe kwa Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Fa a ntse a ithutela terama, Simon o ne a iponela moemedi wa bobotlelara mme a ipelela katlego mo bobotlelareng jwa ramp, k gatiso, le mo dipapatsong tsa thelebishene. Simon o ne a bonwa jaaka mmotlelara kwa Aforika Borwa mme a kopiwa go tsena kgaisano ya talente le ya monna wa kamoso ya Mr. South Africa. Fa a fenya kgaisano eno ka 1992, Simon o ne a newa tlhopho ya go ya go tlhatlhobiwa mo letotong la thelebishene, ''[[Egoli: Place of Gold]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Rahman, Abid (11 March 2021). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/cliff-simon-stargate-sg-1-actor-dies-at-58 &quot;Cliff Simon, 'Stargate SG-1' Actor, Dies at 58&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_Hollywood_Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter]]''. Retrieved 12 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Parker, Bashiera (12 March 2021). [https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/egoli-and-stargate-sg-1-actor-cliff-simon-58-dies-20210312 &quot;Egoli and Stargate SG-1 actor Cliff Simon, 58, dies&quot;]. [[:en:News24_(website)|Channel 24]].&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga dikgwedi di le tharo e le moeng yo o tlhageletseng mo lenaneong, o ne a amogela karolo ya konokono e a neng a e tswelela ka dingwaga di le thataro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Simon o ne a fudugela US ka 2000, a goroga [[Los Angeles]]. Simon o ne a iponela moemedi, mme a bona karolo ya moeng yo o tlhageletseng le [[Don Johnson]] mo letotong le le tumileng la thelebishene, ''[[Nash Bridges]]''. Nakwana morago ga moo, o ne a bona karolo ya moeng yo o tlhageletseng ya ga Ba'al mo ''[[Stargate SG-1]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ba'al e ne ya nna moanelwa yo o ipoeletsang ka difofane di le thataro mme a tlhagelela mo [[Filiming ya Stargate ya 2008 ya Stargate: Continuum|filiming ya Stargate ya 2008 ya ''Stargate: Continuum'']]. Ka 2015, Simon o ne a tlhagelela mo bidiong jaaka Ba'al ya setlhopha sa pabalesego, [[Sea Shepherd]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMFrDEzOvqg &quot;A Message from Goa'uld System Lord Baal&quot;]. ''[[:en:YouTube|YouTube]]''. 22 April 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150807061203/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMFrDEzOvqg Archived] from the original on 7 August 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Phukwi 2015, Simon o ne a tlhophiwa mo karolong ya motshegetsi mo filiming ya saense/segajaja ya ''Project Eden''.&lt;ref&gt;Darren@GateWorld (1 October 2015). [https://www.gateworld.net/news/2015/10/mike-dopud-cliff-simon-to-star-in-project-eden/ &quot;Report Mike Dopud, Cliff Simon To Star In Project Eden&quot;]. GateWorld. Retrieved 14 March 2021. &lt;q&gt;The independent genre feature is currently filming.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2019, Simon o ne a tsamaisa lokwaloditlhangwa lwa maeto lwa ''[[Into the Unknown]]'' (setlhogo sa UK sa Uncharted Mysteries) se se simolotseng go gasiwa mo The History Channel kwa UK ka 24 Tlhakole 2020. Motheo wa lenaneo leo e ne e le go eta o le esi mo lefatsheng ka bophara, go batla ditshupo tse di fitlhegileng tsa &quot;ditlhamane tse di tshosang thata tsa hisitori.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Morkel, Graye (11 June 2020). [https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/listen-egolis-cliff-simon-has-a-new-show-in-sa-and-hes-exploring-paranormal-activity-20200609-3 &quot;' I miss the South African people' - Cliff Simon's final interview with Channel24&quot;]. Channel 24. Retrieved 14 March 2021.(subscription required)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://thetvdb.com/series/uncharted-mysteries &quot;Uncharted Mysteries&quot;]. thetvdb.com. Retrieved 14 March 2021.[''[[:en:Wikipedia:Link_rot|permanent dead link]]'']&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa Gagwe ==
Ka 1997, Simon le mosadi wa gagwe Colette ba ne ba nyalana mo ntlong ya maeto ya diphologolo kwa Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;Barilla, Chris (12 March 2021). [https://www.distractify.com/p/cliff-simon-wife &quot;Cliff Simon's Wife, Colette, Had a Profound Relationship With the Late Actor&quot;]. ''Distractify''. Retrieved 15 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2005, Simon e ne ya nna moagi wa United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Cliff Simon o tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya kotsi ya [[kiteboarding]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Such accidents are a rarity. Risks are roughly like [[:en:Skiing|skiing]]. However, &quot;Kiteboarding accidents can be dangerous and even deadly. Because riders are harnessed by the power of the wind, there are some risks kiteboarders have to take into consideration.&quot; One study found that &quot;the risk of injury during competition was 2.5 times higher than during training.&quot;[https://www.surfertoday.com/kiteboarding/the-most-common-kiteboarding-injuries &quot;The most common kiteboarding injuries&quot;]. ''Surfer Today''. surfertoday.com. Retrieved 15 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; kwa [[Topanga, California]] ka 9 Mopitlwe 2021 a le dingwaga di le 58.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Difilimi tse a di Tshamekileng ==

* ''[[Egoli: Place of Gold]]'' – Gregory (Mitch) Mitchel (dikarolo tse di sa itsiweng, 1992–1999)&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[Operation Delta Force 5: Random Fire]]'' – Austin (2000)&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/cliff_m_simon &quot;Cliff Simon&quot;]. ''[[:en:Rotten_Tomatoes|Rotten Tomatoes]]''. Retrieved 12 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220617052027/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bc46da11c &quot;Cliff Simon&quot;]. [[:en:British_Film_Institute|British Film Institute]]. Archived from [https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bc46da11c the original] on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Nash Bridges]]'' – Dirk van der Goes (karolo e le 1, 2000)&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' – Ba'al (dikarolo di le 15, 2001–2007)&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;[https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/cliff-simon/credits/3030071276/ &quot;Cliff Simon List of Movies and TV Shows&quot;.] ''[[:en:TV_Guide|TV Guide]]''. Retrieved 12 March 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[[Stargate: Continuum]]'' – Ba'al (2008)&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[24]]'' – Motlhabolodi wa Russia (Sefofane 8 Karolo 1, 2010)&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[Undercovers]]'' – (sefofane 1, karolo 4: &quot;Jailbreak&quot;, 2010)
* ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]'' – Hans Christian Kemp (sefofane 2, karolo 13: &quot;Archangel&quot;, 2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[The Americans]]'' – Yossi&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[NCIS: New Orleans]]'' – Dmitry Babakov (Sefofane 1, Karolo 03: &quot;Breaking Brig&quot;, 2014) (Maduo a a kwadilweng jaaka Cliff Marc Simon)&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
* ''[[Castle]]'' – Polkovnik (Sefofane 7, Karolo 04: &quot;Child's Play&quot;, 2014) (Maduo a a kwadilweng jaaka Cliff Marc Simon)
* ''[[Into the Unknown]]'' (setlhogo sa UK sa Uncharted Mysteries) – Ene (2020)&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Tiro e e Gatisitsweng ==

* Simon, Cliff; Stephens, Loren (15 Phukwi 2016). ''Paris Nights: My Year at the Moulin Rouge'' ([[Kwalwa e e Bonolo]]) (Kgatiso ya 2). Grapevine, Texas: [[Waldorf Publishing]]. [[ISBN]] [[978-1943848928]].

== Metswedi ==

=== Dintlha ===

# Dikotsi tse di ntseng jalo ga di tlwaelega. Dikotsi di ka lekanyediwa le go kitaya mo kapetšhong. Le fa go ntse jalo, &quot;Dikotsi tsa kiteboarding di ka nna kotsi e bile tsa bolaya. Ka gonne bapalami ba bofelelwa ke maatla a phefo, go na le dikotsi dingwe tse bapalami ba kiteboard ba tshwanetseng go di ela tlhoko.&quot; Thutopatlisiso nngwe e fitlhetse gore &quot;kotsi ya go gobala mo kgaisanong e ne e le makgetlo a le 2.5 go feta mo katisong.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3bdaorftc5mfc0zglk6t17u113d6bsy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Thamalakane</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13303</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50901</id>
      <parentid>50189</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T12:06:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ proper Setswana translation</comment>
      <origin>50901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2694" sha1="ku6hi3n9jhsuc9s67lqg1t0rz0826gb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Thamalakane|length_km=88|mouth=makgadikgadi a Sua|image_map=Maun_Anflug2.jpg|map_caption=Noka ya Thamalakane gaufi le [[Maun]]|basin_countries=[[Botswana]]|location=[[Botswana]]}}

'''Noka ya Thamalakane''' ke noka e e fitlhelwang mo Botswana,kwa phelelong ya borwa jwa makgobokgobo a [[Okavango]] mo [[Botswana]], [[Aferika]].Ga e na tshimologo (motswedi) e e tlhomilweng le phelelo (makgobokgobo) ye e bonalang. E nnile teng ka ntlha ya go ema ga majwe kwa Thamalakane - e simolotse go nna teng dingwaga di le didikadike tse pedi tse di fitileng e le tsamaiso ya lefatshe ya go kgaogana ga lefatshe mo go kgaoganyang [[Aferika|Aforika]] kwa botlhaba.
[[Setshwantsho:Water lilies in Thamalakane river.jpg|left|thumb|Dithunya tsa tswii mo nokeng ya Thamalakane]]
Fa lefatshe le le fa gare ga dikgaogano tse pedi (ya [[Gumare]] le ya Kunyere) le simolola go wa, go elela ga metsi a [[noka ya Okavango]] go ne ga thibelwa ke kgaogano ya Thamalakane, ya simolola go phatlalala le go dira metseletsele ya metsi e gompieno e  itsegeng e le makgobokgobo a [[Okavango]].

Nngwe ya metseletsele ya boremelelo e e tshelwang ke [[makgobokgobo a Okavango]] ke noka ya Boro. Ka e thibetswe ke kgaogano, e tshela mo nokeng ya Thamalakane ka sekhutlo sa 90° mo molapong wa metsi yo o dirilweng ke kgaogano. Dikhilomithara di le masome mane kwa bophirima, metsi a ema kwa kgaoganong ya Thamalakane. E tshela gape ka sekhutlo sa 90° kwa nokeng ya Thamalakane e tlhama [[noka ya Boteti]], e e itemogelang komelelo go ya ka dipaka mo mafelong mangwe a a kwa tlase. Ka paka ya dipula, noka ya Boteti e tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letšheng la Makgadikgadi]], e dira gore lefelo leo le nne le dimela le ditshedi ka nako ya dipula.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan. 2008. ''[https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0 Makgadikgadi]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0 Archived] 30 October 2023 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], A. Burnham, ed. ''The Megalithic Portal''&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo malatsing a pele, Boro e ne e tshela kwa Boronyana le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] e seng kwa nokeng ya Thamalakane fela.

Mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Thamalakane, motse wa [[Maun]] o ne wa tlhamiwa. Phatlalatso ya metsi kwa Maun e tswa mo masimong a a mo lotshitshing lwa dinoka tsa Thamalakane le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe.]]&lt;ref&gt;T.Scudder. 1993. ''The IUCN review of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project'', International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 543 pages&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe ==

* [[Noka ya Boteti]]

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ku6hi3n9jhsuc9s67lqg1t0rz0826gb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>50902</id>
      <parentid>50901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T12:18:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Metswedi */ Added references</comment>
      <origin>50902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3084" sha1="7tw81ha9411eozfw1pafluy0ge7rxoa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Thamalakane|length_km=88|mouth=makgadikgadi a Sua|image_map=Maun_Anflug2.jpg|map_caption=Noka ya Thamalakane gaufi le [[Maun]]|basin_countries=[[Botswana]]|location=[[Botswana]]}}

'''Noka ya Thamalakane''' ke noka e e fitlhelwang mo Botswana,kwa phelelong ya borwa jwa makgobokgobo a [[Okavango]] mo [[Botswana]], [[Aferika]].Ga e na tshimologo (motswedi) e e tlhomilweng le phelelo (makgobokgobo) ye e bonalang. E nnile teng ka ntlha ya go ema ga majwe kwa Thamalakane - e simolotse go nna teng dingwaga di le didikadike tse pedi tse di fitileng e le tsamaiso ya lefatshe ya go kgaogana ga lefatshe mo go kgaoganyang [[Aferika|Aforika]] kwa botlhaba.
[[Setshwantsho:Water lilies in Thamalakane river.jpg|left|thumb|Dithunya tsa tswii mo nokeng ya Thamalakane]]
Fa lefatshe le le fa gare ga dikgaogano tse pedi (ya [[Gumare]] le ya Kunyere) le simolola go wa, go elela ga metsi a [[noka ya Okavango]] go ne ga thibelwa ke kgaogano ya Thamalakane, ya simolola go phatlalala le go dira metseletsele ya metsi e gompieno e  itsegeng e le makgobokgobo a [[Okavango]].

Nngwe ya metseletsele ya boremelelo e e tshelwang ke [[makgobokgobo a Okavango]] ke noka ya Boro. Ka e thibetswe ke kgaogano, e tshela mo nokeng ya Thamalakane ka sekhutlo sa 90° mo molapong wa metsi yo o dirilweng ke kgaogano. Dikhilomithara di le masome mane kwa bophirima, metsi a ema kwa kgaoganong ya Thamalakane. E tshela gape ka sekhutlo sa 90° kwa nokeng ya Thamalakane e tlhama [[noka ya Boteti]], e e itemogelang komelelo go ya ka dipaka mo mafelong mangwe a a kwa tlase. Ka paka ya dipula, noka ya Boteti e tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letšheng la Makgadikgadi]], e dira gore lefelo leo le nne le dimela le ditshedi ka nako ya dipula.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan. 2008. ''[https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0 Makgadikgadi]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0 Archived] 30 October 2023 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], A. Burnham, ed. ''The Megalithic Portal''&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo malatsing a pele, Boro e ne e tshela kwa Boronyana le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] e seng kwa nokeng ya Thamalakane fela.

Mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Thamalakane, motse wa [[Maun]] o ne wa tlhamiwa. Phatlalatso ya metsi kwa Maun e tswa mo masimong a a mo lotshitshing lwa dinoka tsa Thamalakane le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe.]]&lt;ref&gt;T.Scudder. 1993. ''The IUCN review of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project'', International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 543 pages&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe ==

* [[Noka ya Boteti]]

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
C.Michael Hogan. 2008. Makgadikgadi e bolokilwe ka Phalane a le masome a mararo 2023 mo Wayback Machine, A. Burnham, ed. The Megalithic Portal

T.Scudder. 1993. Tshekatsheko ya IUCN ya Lenaneo la Kgatiso e e Kopanetsweng ya Metsi ya Borwa jwa Okavango, Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Pabalesego ya Tlhago le Tikologo  ditsebe di le makgolo a le matlhano le masome a le mane le borataro</text>
      <sha1>7tw81ha9411eozfw1pafluy0ge7rxoa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>50903</id>
      <parentid>50902</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T12:21:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Metswedi */ Added references 
#ACW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>50903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3083" sha1="1yd4qnjal8djglasdbra4425ijiid3d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Thamalakane|length_km=88|mouth=makgadikgadi a Sua|image_map=Maun_Anflug2.jpg|map_caption=Noka ya Thamalakane gaufi le [[Maun]]|basin_countries=[[Botswana]]|location=[[Botswana]]}}

'''Noka ya Thamalakane''' ke noka e e fitlhelwang mo Botswana,kwa phelelong ya borwa jwa makgobokgobo a [[Okavango]] mo [[Botswana]], [[Aferika]].Ga e na tshimologo (motswedi) e e tlhomilweng le phelelo (makgobokgobo) ye e bonalang. E nnile teng ka ntlha ya go ema ga majwe kwa Thamalakane - e simolotse go nna teng dingwaga di le didikadike tse pedi tse di fitileng e le tsamaiso ya lefatshe ya go kgaogana ga lefatshe mo go kgaoganyang [[Aferika|Aforika]] kwa botlhaba.
[[Setshwantsho:Water lilies in Thamalakane river.jpg|left|thumb|Dithunya tsa tswii mo nokeng ya Thamalakane]]
Fa lefatshe le le fa gare ga dikgaogano tse pedi (ya [[Gumare]] le ya Kunyere) le simolola go wa, go elela ga metsi a [[noka ya Okavango]] go ne ga thibelwa ke kgaogano ya Thamalakane, ya simolola go phatlalala le go dira metseletsele ya metsi e gompieno e  itsegeng e le makgobokgobo a [[Okavango]].

Nngwe ya metseletsele ya boremelelo e e tshelwang ke [[makgobokgobo a Okavango]] ke noka ya Boro. Ka e thibetswe ke kgaogano, e tshela mo nokeng ya Thamalakane ka sekhutlo sa 90° mo molapong wa metsi yo o dirilweng ke kgaogano. Dikhilomithara di le masome mane kwa bophirima, metsi a ema kwa kgaoganong ya Thamalakane. E tshela gape ka sekhutlo sa 90° kwa nokeng ya Thamalakane e tlhama [[noka ya Boteti]], e e itemogelang komelelo go ya ka dipaka mo mafelong mangwe a a kwa tlase. Ka paka ya dipula, noka ya Boteti e tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letšheng la Makgadikgadi]], e dira gore lefelo leo le nne le dimela le ditshedi ka nako ya dipula.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan. 2008. ''[https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0 Makgadikgadi]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&amp;mode=&amp;order=0 Archived] 30 October 2023 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], A. Burnham, ed. ''The Megalithic Portal''&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo malatsing a pele, Boro e ne e tshela kwa Boronyana le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] e seng kwa nokeng ya Thamalakane fela.

Mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Thamalakane, motse wa [[Maun]] o ne wa tlhamiwa. Phatlalatso ya metsi kwa Maun e tswa mo masimong a a mo lotshitshing lwa dinoka tsa Thamalakane le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe.]]&lt;ref&gt;T.Scudder. 1993. ''The IUCN review of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project'', International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 543 pages&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe ==

* [[Noka ya Boteti]]

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;
C.Michael Hogan. 2008. Makgadikgadi e bolokilwe ka Phalane a le masome a mararo 2023 mo Wayback Machine, A. Burnham, ed. The Megalithic Portal

T.Scudder. 1993. Tshekatsheko ya IUCN ya Lenaneo la Kgatiso e e Kopanetsweng ya Metsi ya Borwa jwa Okavango, Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Pabalesego ya Tlhago le Tikologo ditsebe di le makgolo a le matlhano le masome a le mane le borataro</text>
      <sha1>1yd4qnjal8djglasdbra4425ijiid3d</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Makgobokgobo a Okavango</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13307</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50909</id>
      <parentid>50418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T13:28:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stonesetswammung</username>
        <id>12839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke tsentse Metswedi ya diele dingwe le go atolosa tsebe. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>50909</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11767" sha1="ooyjyyp6846q25xvppczkrwyun1t7yi" xml:space="preserve">'''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Metswedi ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela bophara jwa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go ya go sekete sa dimethara (930–1,000 m)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf &quot;Ramsar Information Sheet&quot;] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;  (3,050–3,280 ft) mo karolong e e fa gare ya lekadiba la endorheic la Sekaka sa Kalahari. 

Ke lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe la [[UNESCO]] jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e bongola e gantsi e itsetletseng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt; Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 &quot;Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting&quot;]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a anamela mo mafelong a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one e elela kwa tlase mo metsing a a seng boteng a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe, pele ga dimela di a monya. Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a a fitlhang mo makgobokgobong, kgabagare a a mowafala a bo a fetoga mowa. 

Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.&lt;ref&gt;Keen, Cecil (1997). &quot;[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya Letsha la Makgadikgadi, letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''Holocene''.&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S. (1993). &quot;The great inland deltas of Africa&quot;. ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Moremi Game Reserve e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bongwe ( 2013 ) kwa Arusha, Tanzania.&lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders&quot;]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bone (2014) , Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [[&quot;World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana&quot;.]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Leina  ==

Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo go ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.

Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata Kavango fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo tsa Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.&lt;ref&gt;Eckl, Andreas (2007). [[&quot;Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911&quot;]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Popego (Motheo) ==

=== Merwalela ===
Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e etlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Angola mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km&lt;sup&gt;²&lt;/sup&gt; (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo).

Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke mowa o o molelo, seo se baka  kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnileng gararo&lt;ref&gt;C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [[&quot;Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management&quot;]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; mme   e sa tlhaloganyesege  go fitlhela ka ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e  lefatshe la Botswana le itemogelang komelelo mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokana ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika.

Makgobokgobo a ikadile, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi),&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ &quot;Okavango Delta&quot;]. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|&quot;Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting&quot;]]. ''Biodiversity &amp; Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). &quot;The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications&quot;. ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go elela ga Metsi ===

=== Letsha (Lecha) ===
Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. Mafelo a go itseelwang ditshwantsho le mafelo a bojanala/boetelo a le mmalwa a bonwa mo tikologong ya matsha a. Mangwe a matsha a matoma a akaretsa:

* Dombo Hippo Pool (19°11′58″S 23°38′25″E)

* Gcodikwe Lagoon (19°10′03″S 23°14′24″E)
* Guma Lagoon (18°57′52″S 22°22′41″E)
* Jerejere Lagoon/Hippo Pool (19°05′17″S 23°01′12″E)
* Moanachira Lagoon/Sausage Island (19°03′23″S 23°03′44″E)
* Moanachira Lagoon (19°03′45″S 23°05′24″E)
* Shinde Lagoon (19°06′18″S 23°09′18″E)
* Xakanaxa Lagoon (19°10′48″S 23°23′42″E)
* Xhamu Lagoon (19°10′03″S 23°16′12″E)
* Xhobega Lagoon (19°10′39″S 23°12′36″E)
* Xugana Lagoon (19°04′12″S 23°06′00″E)
* Zibadiania Lagoon (18°34′12″S 23°32′06″E)

=== Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai ===
Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di se kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata. 

Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le dithotobolo tsa ditshoswane (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare se neng sa mela gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.&lt;ref&gt;Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm &quot;Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chief's Island ===
Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.&lt;ref&gt;[https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ &quot;Okavango delta Botswana | Mokoro and boating safaris&quot;]. ''Okavango Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055446/https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Climate (''Tlelaemete'') ==
Botala jo bogolo jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e bongola; mme, ke lefelo le le nang le metsi (oasis) mo nageng e e omeletseng. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa e tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.

Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse di bongola ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e le 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo  a a mololo go ya kwa botsididing. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana &quot;Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time&quot;]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmowane wa serame o bonale.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta &quot;A Year in the Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e gwetlhang thata baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme komelelo e kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.&lt;ref&gt;UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;.] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo ==

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ooyjyyp6846q25xvppczkrwyun1t7yi</sha1>
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      <id>50930</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Stonesetswammung</username>
        <id>12839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke atositse tsebe le go tsenya Metswedi ya diele dingwe. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
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      <text bytes="17324" sha1="johcvgpv69ortxrovuesxyptri1apsd" xml:space="preserve">'''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Metswedi ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela bophara jwa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go ya go sekete sa dimethara (930–1,000 m)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf &quot;Ramsar Information Sheet&quot;] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;  (3,050–3,280 ft) mo karolong e e fa gare ya lekadiba la endorheic la Sekaka sa Kalahari. 

Ke lefelo la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe la [[UNESCO]] jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e bongola e gantsi e itsetletseng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt; Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 &quot;Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting&quot;]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a anamela mo mafelong a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one e elela kwa tlase mo metsing a a seng boteng a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe, pele ga dimela di a monya. Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a a fitlhang mo makgobokgobong, kgabagare a a mowafala a bo a fetoga mowa. 

Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.&lt;ref&gt;Keen, Cecil (1997). &quot;[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya Letsha la Makgadikgadi, letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''Holocene''.&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S. (1993). &quot;The great inland deltas of Africa&quot;. ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Moremi Game Reserve e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bongwe ( 2013 ) kwa Arusha, Tanzania.&lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders&quot;]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bone (2014) , Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [[&quot;World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana&quot;.]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Leina  ==

Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo go ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.

Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata Kavango fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo tsa Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.&lt;ref&gt;Eckl, Andreas (2007). [[&quot;Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911&quot;]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Popego (Motheo) ==

=== Merwalela ===
Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e etlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Angola mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km&lt;sup&gt;²&lt;/sup&gt; (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo).

Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke mowa o o molelo, seo se baka  kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnileng gararo&lt;ref&gt;C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [[&quot;Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management&quot;]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; mme   e sa tlhaloganyesege  go fitlhela ka ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e  lefatshe la Botswana le itemogelang komelelo mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokana ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika.

Makgobokgobo a ikadile, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi),&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ &quot;Okavango Delta&quot;]. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|&quot;Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting&quot;]]. ''Biodiversity &amp; Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). &quot;The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications&quot;. ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go elela ga Metsi ===

=== Letsha (Lecha) ===
Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. Mafelo a go itseelwang ditshwantsho le mafelo a bojanala/boetelo a le mmalwa a bonwa mo tikologong ya matsha a. Mangwe a matsha a matoma a akaretsa:

* Dombo Hippo Pool (19°11′58″S 23°38′25″E)

* Gcodikwe Lagoon (19°10′03″S 23°14′24″E)
* Guma Lagoon (18°57′52″S 22°22′41″E)
* Jerejere Lagoon/Hippo Pool (19°05′17″S 23°01′12″E)
* Moanachira Lagoon/Sausage Island (19°03′23″S 23°03′44″E)
* Moanachira Lagoon (19°03′45″S 23°05′24″E)
* Shinde Lagoon (19°06′18″S 23°09′18″E)
* Xakanaxa Lagoon (19°10′48″S 23°23′42″E)
* Xhamu Lagoon (19°10′03″S 23°16′12″E)
* Xhobega Lagoon (19°10′39″S 23°12′36″E)
* Xugana Lagoon (19°04′12″S 23°06′00″E)
* Zibadiania Lagoon (18°34′12″S 23°32′06″E)

=== Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai ===
Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di se kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata. 

Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le dithotobolo tsa ditshoswane (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare se neng sa mela gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.&lt;ref&gt;Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm &quot;Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chief's Island ===
Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.&lt;ref&gt;[https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ &quot;Okavango delta Botswana | Mokoro and boating safaris&quot;]. ''Okavango Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055446/https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Climate (''Tlelaemete'') ==
Botala jo bogolo jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e bongola; mme, ke lefelo le le nang le metsi (oasis) mo nageng e e omeletseng. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa e tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.

Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse di bongola ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e le 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo  a a mololo go ya kwa botsididing. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana &quot;Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time&quot;]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmowane wa serame o bonale.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta &quot;A Year in the Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e gwetlhang thata baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme komelelo e kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.&lt;ref&gt;UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;.] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo ==
Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la se nnela ruri le la dipaka dingwe, sa mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga.&lt;ref&gt;Bradley, John H. (October 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119220225/http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm &quot;Gliding in a Mokoro Through the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Cape Town to Cairo Website''. CapeTowntoCairo.com. Archived from [http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm the original] on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Diphologolo tsotlhe ''tse tlhano tse dikgolo'' tsa naga, tau, nkwe (lengau), nare ya Aferika, tlou ya Aferika, tshukudu e ntsho le e tshweu di teng.&lt;ref&gt;Galpine, N. J. (2006). [https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf &quot;Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons&quot;] (PDF). ''Ecological Journal''. '''7''': 55−61. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Phologolo e e tletseng thata e le kgolwane e amusa (seamusi) ke letswee (red Lechwe), e go fopholediwang gore di ka tswa di le 88 000.&lt;ref&gt;Chase, M.; Schlossberg, S.; Landen, K.; Sutcliffe, R.; Seonyatseng, E.; Keitsile, A. &amp; Flyman, M. (2018). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana] (Report). Botswana: Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census.&lt;/ref&gt; Mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi e akaretsa thutlwa, kgokong, pitse ya naga, kubu,&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S.; Ellery, W. N.; Bloem, A. (1998). &quot;Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''36''' (1): 44−56. [[Bibcode:1998AfJEc..36...44M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x.]]&lt;/ref&gt; phala, phofu, tholo, kwalata, tshepe e khibidu, ''puku'', tumoga (waterbuck), ''sitatunga'', ''tsessebe'', letlotse,&lt;ref&gt;Klein, R. (2007). [http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf &quot;Status report for the cheetah in Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 1: 13−21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; lekanyane (letlhalerwa), phiri, phokojwe, thwane, tadi, thakadu, thukwi, motlhose, mmutla, matshwane, kolobe ya naga, tshwene, kgabo le kwena.&lt;ref&gt;Wallace, K. M.; Leslie, A. J. (2008). &quot;Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''Journal of Herpetology''. '''42''' (2): 361−368. [[Doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.|doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46987629 S2CID 46987629].&lt;/ref&gt;

Makgobokgobo a gape a na le mefuta e fetang 400 ya dinonyana, e akaretsa le kgaka, kgoadira (ntsu o mogolo), morubisi, legou, ''lefaloa'', mogatsakwena (mmatshwii), ''African skimmer'', ghube, leowang, ''molomo-swana'', legololwane (legoloane), lehututu, mogolodi (mogolori),&lt;ref&gt;Alonso, L. E.; Nordin, L.-A., eds. (2003). ''A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey''. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment. Vol. 27. Washington, DC: Conservation International. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-881173-70-4|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;1-881173-70-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; ''letleretlere (letlhakela)'', ramolongwana (mmamolongwana/tlhagwe) le mmantshe.&lt;ref&gt;Mbaiwa, J. E.; Mbaiwa, O. I. (2006). &quot;The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''International Journal of Wilderness''. '''12''' (3): 17−41. [[Hdl:10311/28.|hdl:10311/28.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa e sale ka 2005, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le, ntse le tsewa jaaka Lefelo la Tshomarelo ya Ditau (Lion Conservation Unit ) gammogo le Hwange National Park.&lt;ref&gt;IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion'' Panthera leo ''in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ka 2019, ditshukudu di ka nna 150 di ne di tshela kwa bokone jwa Makgobokgobo a Okavango.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html &quot;Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population&quot;]. ''Voa News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021, ditshukudu di le 92 di ne tsa bolawa ke magodu a di phologolo mo kgaolong ya makgobokgobo ga sala fela di le 40, se sa dira gore puso e fuduse ditshukudu tseo go tswa mo Makgobokgobong a Okavango.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens &quot;Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens&quot;]. ''Bloomberg''. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens Archived] from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhapi ===

== Metswedi ==
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    <title>Dophororo tsa Farin Ruwa</title>
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      <text bytes="5407" sha1="mfe2kq2pjo0d7u0zjeydr3x5x9qkeqn" xml:space="preserve">'''Diphororo tsa Farin Ruwa''' ke diphororo tse di fitlhelwang kwa bogareng jwa [[Nigeria]]. Ke nngwe ya diphororo tse di kwa godimo thata kwa [[Nigeria]]. E botlhokwa thata mo diphororong tsa Afrika fa go akanngwa ka bogodimo jwa yone jotlhe.
[[Setshwantsho:Farin Ruwa Falls.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Farin Ruwa]]
Motswedi wa diphororo tsa Farin Ruwa o fitlhelwa kwa Nageng ya Nasarawa, go tswa foo o elela go ya kwa ntlheng ya Nasarawa. Fa metsi a ntse a fologa go tswa kwa Jos Plateau, a wela kwa godimo ka lekgolo le masome a matlhano (150) metres (492 ft).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722013614/https://www.nigerianscitizens.com/nigerian-falls-major-tourist-centres-in-nigeria/ &quot;Nigerian Falls&quot;]. Nigerianscitizens. Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt;Go wela gono go kwa godimo fa go bapisiwa le Victoria Falls e e itsegeng thata, e e welang ka bogodimo jwa dimetara di ka nna lekgolo le boferabobedi (108) ka nako ya fa e fologa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100825160154/http://www.globalpost.com/webblog/nigeria/dreaming-farin-ruwa &quot;Dreaming of Farin Ruwa&quot;]. GlobalPost. Archived from the original on 25 August 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Lefelo ==
Diphororo tsa Farin Ruwa di fitlhelwa kwa motseng wa Massange wa Farin Ruwa Development Area kwa Wamba Local Government Area ya Nasarawa State. Diphororo di fitlhelwa mo molelwaneng wa Plateau State le Nasarawa State, ka fa tlase ga Bokkos le Wamba Local Government Areas tsa diporofense tse pedi. Diphororo di simologa kwa Jos Plateau, mo Bokkos Local Government Area ya Plateau State.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260215143412/https://www.cometonigeria.com/farin-ruwa-waterfalls/ &quot;Farin Ruwa Waterfalls – CometoNigeria&quot;]. ''www.cometonigeria.com''. Retrieved 2024-07-26.&lt;/ref&gt;

Diphororo di ne tsa ribololwa ke banni ba kwa tshimologong, morafe o o buang puo ya Se-Kulere wa Massange mme tsa tumisiwa ke babusi ba nako eo ba bokoloniale ba kwa Boritane ba kwa Nigeria ka dingwaga tsa  bo1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ntlo ya Boikhutso e e nang le dijo e ne ya tlhomiwa kwa motseng wa MASSANGE gaufi le diphororo gore e tle e dirisiwe ka tsela ya kgwebo. Go sireletsa boswa jwa yone jo bo humileng, puso ya bokolone e ne ya bo kwadisa mo lokwalodikgannyeng mme ya e bitsa MAYES (lefoko la Se-kulere le le rayang phororo) Forest Reserve. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa go na le tlhabololo e ya pele, Farin Ruwa e ne ya bewa kwa morago go fitlha go tlhamiwa Puso ya Nasarawa ka ngwaga wa 1996.&lt;ref&gt;Muhammed, Umar (2021-04-25). [https://dailytrust.com/farin-ruwa-waterfall-where-humans-animals-enjoy-nature/ &quot;Farin Ruwa Waterfall: Where humans, animals enjoy nature&quot;]. ''Daily Trust''. Retrieved 2023-05-18.&lt;/ref&gt; Phororo e dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi1(20) go tswa kwa Lafia, motsemoshate wa Nasarawa, le dikilometara di le masome a mararo (30) go tswa kwa toropong ya Wamba. Ke 192.6 km (mo e ka nnang 3hrs 45mins) go tswa Abuja motse mogolo wa Nigeria ka Keffi-Akwanga Nasarawa State.

== Leina Farin Ruwa ==
Farin Ruwa ke lefoko le le tswang mo puong ya Se-Hausa le le rayang 'metsi a masweu.' Farin Ruwa ke tlhaloso ya tlholego ya diphororo ke baagi ba lefelo la Farin Ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;Guides, Ebiz (2006), [https://books.google.com/books?id=FAVYHfZLgccC&amp;dq=Farin+Ruwa+Falls&amp;pg=PA270 ''Nigeria: The Premier Guidebook For Business Globe Trotters'',] CPG Distribution, p. 275. ISBN 84-933978-3-0&lt;/ref&gt; Bogodimo jo bo fitlhelelwang fa diphororo di ntse di fologa bo bogolo thata, ka jalo metsi a a fologang a wela fa fatshe mo mokgokoloseng wa setlhaba sa Jos. Metsi ano a nna masweu ka iketlo ka ntlha ya bogodimo jwa one fa a ntse a fologa.

Ka ntlha ya mmala wa yone o mosweu, diphororo tseno di bonala di le kgakala le baagi ba lefelo la Farin Ruwa jaaka mosi o mosweu mo dithabeng. E re ka diphororo tseno di le ditshweu, baagi ba koo ba ne ba di bitsa Farin Ruwa.

== Tikologo le maemo a bosa ==
Naga e e dithaba e e dikologileng diphororo tsa Farin Ruwa e dira gore go ne pula e ntsi go tswa mo marung a a fetang mo kgaolong eno ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong  go ya go kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele. Ka jalo, go nna le koketsego ya metsi a a welang go tswa kwa dithabeng ka paka ya dipula. &lt;ref&gt;[https://dailytrust.com/farin-ruwa-waterfall-where-humans-animals-enjoy-nature/ &quot;Farin Ruwa Waterfall: Where Humans, Animals Enjoy Nature&quot;]. ''Daily Trust''. 25 Apr 2021&lt;/ref&gt;Dithaba tse di dikologileng diphororo tseno ke karolo e e kwa thoko ya Jos Plateau.

Go na le go fokotsega ga selekanyo sa metsi mo diphororong tseno ka paka ya komelelo, go tloga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole go ya go ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga se ka lobaka lo loleele, ka gonne metsi a a mo diphororong tseno a boa a oketsega gape ka nako ya dipula.

== Mafelo a a sa siamang a bojanala ==
Go dirisa le go laola metsi ka tsela e e sa siamang go dirile gore go se ka ga nna le ditiro tse dintsi tsa bojanala gaufi le diphororo le mafelo a mangwe a bojanala kwa Nasarawa State. Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le dithulaganyo tsa go dira gore diphororo tseno di kgone go dirisiwa ka botlalo.&lt;ref&gt;Ndesanjo Macha (24 August 2010). [http://globalvoicesonline.org/2010/08/24/nigeria-why-farin-ruwa-is-not-on-word-waterfall-database/ &quot;Nigeria: Why Farin Ruwa is not on Word Waterfall Database?&quot;.] Global Voices. Retrieved 29 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Diphororo tsa Ruacana</title>
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      <text bytes="1345" sha1="6z67bx305b1yrwbqrji07dlnl2dkb57" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Ruacana Falls at High Water from distance in 03-2011 by Tom Jakobi.JPG|thumb|Diphororo tsa Ruacana]]
'''Phororo ya Ruacana''' ke phororo e e kwa Ruacana, Omusati mo Nokeng ya Kunene kwa Bokone jwa [[Namibia]]. Phororo eno e bogodimo jwa dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120) le bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a supa (700) fa e tletse ka morwalela. Ke nngwe ya diphororo tse dikgolo mo Afrika, ka bogolo le bophara.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20061128154353/http://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/waterfall.php?num=155 Ruacana Falls] WorldWaterFallDatabase.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://neweralive.na/posts/stairs-at-ruacana-waterfalls-in-state-of-disrepair &quot;Stairs at Ruacana waterfalls in state of disrepair&quot;]. ''Truth, for its own sake''. Retrieved 2021-06-26.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tlhaloso ==
Diphororo tsa Ruacana di bopilwe ke noka ya Kunene e e leng boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1 050 (650 mi), e e tshwayang karolo ya molelwane magareng ga Namibia le [[Angola]], e wela mo moseleng o o boteng jwa dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120) le bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a supa (700).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.info-namibia.com/activities-and-places-of-interest/kaokoveld/ruacana-falls &quot;Ruacana Falls - Water falls and hydro-electric power plant&quot;.] ''www.info-namibia.com''. Retrieved 2021-06-26&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Diphororo tsa Epupa</title>
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      <text bytes="3534" sha1="ifunzrbvwfb7b3mlmbeyqap1dpop8k0" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Epupa Falls (detail).jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Epupa]]
'''Diphororo tsa Epupa''' (e e itsiweng gape jaaka Diphororo tsa Monte Negro kwa Angola) ke metseletsele ya diphororo tse dikgolo tse di bopilweng ke Noka ya Cunene mo molelwaneng wa [[Angola]] le [[Namibia]], mo kgaolong ya Kaokoland ya Kgaolo ya Kunene. Noka e bophara jwa dikilometara di le 0.5 mo lefelong le mme e wela mo go metseletsele ya diphororo mo boleeleng jwa dikilometara di le 1.5, mme phororo e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe ke ya dimetara di le masome a mararo le bosupa (37).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20061128155559/http://www.worldwaterfalldatabase.com/waterfall.php?num=865 Epupa Falls] at World Waterfall Database&lt;/ref&gt;Motse o o gaufi le diphororo o bidiwa gape Epupa.

== Leina la lefelo ==
Leina la &quot;Epupa&quot; ke lefoko la Se-Herero le le rayang &quot;foam&quot;, le le buang ka foam e e dirilweng ke metsi a a elelang. &lt;ref&gt;[[iarchive:standardencyclop0004unse|''Standard encyclopaedia of Southern Africa / 4 Dev - For''.]] Cape Town: Nasou. 1971. p. 381. ISBN 978-0-625-00320-4&lt;/ref&gt;Epupa Constituency e reeletswe ka diphororo.

== Tikologo ==
Ka ntlha ya mofuta o o kgethegileng wa lefelo leno le le motsu, diphororo tsa Epupa ke lefelo le le nang le ditlhapi di le mmalwa &lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan. 2012&lt;/ref&gt;le mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi tsa metsi.

== Go tsena ==
Le fa go le thata go fitlha kwa go tsone (go kgothalediwa gore o dirise koloi e e gogang ka maotwana a le manè go di fitlhelela go tswa kwa Opuwo), diphororo tseno di ngoka baeng ba le bantsi kwa Namibia ka ntlha ya tikologo ya tsone e e sa senngwang, e e nang le ditlhare tsa feige, ditlhare tsa baobab, ditlhare tsa makalani le mabota a a mebalabala a a dikologileng diphororo tseno.

Diphororo tsa Ruacana kwa bokone jwa Namibia di dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mararo le botlhano (135) (84 mi) kwa godimo ga noka, gape mo nokeng ya Cunene. Go na le di-lodge di le nne tse di amogelang baeng mo lefelong leno, e leng Kapika Waterfall Lodge, Omarunga Camp Lodge, Epupa Camp Lodge, le Epupa Falls Campsite Lodge. Matlo ano otlhe a na le mafelo a go kampa kwa ntle ga Kapika Waterfall Lodge. Selo se sengwe se se ka dirisiwang ke Motjikutu Epupa, e leng lefelo la go kampa le le nang le baagi.

Go na le dilo tse dintsi tse di ka dirwang mo lefelong leno go simolola ka go etela diphororo le metsana ya Bahimba go dikologa diphororo tsa Epupa, go lebelela dinonyane, go ya go bona dikwena le dimela tse di farologaneng tse di jaaka ditlhare tsa baobab le tsa Mopane, tse e leng tsone tse di tlwaelegileng thata mo lefelong leno. Bajanala gape ba kgona go rafting kwa kampeng ya Epupa.

== Batho ==
Diphororo tsa Epupa di itsege ka batho ba Ovahimba ba ba nnang koo, mmogo le merafe e mengwe e e jaaka Ba-Ovatjimba, Ba-Ovazemba le Ba-Ovatwa. Go fudugela kwa Epupa Falls go ntse go oketsega ka ntlha ya kgolo e e kwa godimo ya bojanala, e e rotloetsang merafe e e buang Se-Herero le Se-Ovambo go fudugela mo lefelong leno.

== Mo metsweding ya tshedimosetso ==
Diphororo tsa Epupa di bontshitswe mo filiming ya ngwaga wa 2011 ya Samsara.

Diphororo tsa Epupa di tlhagelela mo kgaolong ya bo boferabobedi (8) ya setlha sa ntlha sa The Grand Tour, e le lefelo la bofelo la loeto ka dikoloi tsa mabopo go ralala Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reddit.com/r/thegrandtour/comments/5l6ez9/the_grand_tour_s01e08_the_beach_buggy_boys_part_2/ &quot;The Grand Tour S01E08 &quot;The Beach (Buggy) Boys: Part 2&quot; - Discussion Thread • r/thegrandtour&quot;.] ''reddit''. Retrieved 2017-07-13&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Letsha la Malawi</title>
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      <text bytes="7218" sha1="eilogebp6nzlqwh2qgsorvqdtkr0xi8" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Lake Malawi seen from orbit.jpg|thumb|setshwantsho go tswa mo modikologong. Bokone bo mo sekhutlong se se kwa godimo sa moja]]
'''Letsha la Malawi''', le le itsegeng gape jaaka Letsha la Nyasa kwa [[Tanzania]] le Letsha la Niassa kwa Mozambique, (Seswahili: Ziwa Nyasa) ke Letsha le letona la Aforika le letsha le le kwa borwa thata mo thulaganyong ya Rift ya Aforika Botlhaba, le le fa gare ga Malawi, [[Mozambique]] le Tanzania.

Ke letsha la bone le letona la metsi a a phepa mo lefatsheng ka bolumu, letsha la borobongwe le letona mo lefatsheng ka botona le letsha la boraro le letona le la bobedi le le boteng mo Afrika. Letsha la Malawi ke legae la mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi go feta letsha lepe le lengwe mo lefatsheng,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511101010/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html &quot;Protected Areas Programme]&quot;. United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, UNESCO. October 1995. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-26.&lt;/ref&gt; go akaretsa le bonnye mefuta e le makgolo a supa ya di-cichlid.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Turner, Seehausen, Knight, Allender, and Robinson (2001). &quot;How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?&quot; ''Molecular Ecology'' 10: 793–806.&lt;/ref&gt;Karolo ya Mozambique ya letsha e ne ya itsisiwe semmuso jaaka lefelo la polokelo ke Puso ya Mozambique ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso,&lt;ref&gt;WWF (10 June 2011). [http://wwf.panda.org/?uNewsID=200583 &quot;Mozambique's Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site&quot;] Retrieved 17 July 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;fa kwa Malawi karolo ya letsha e akareditswe mo [[Malawi|Phakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Letsha la Malawi.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Letsha la Malawi ke letsha la meromictic, se se rayang gore dikarolo tsa lone tsa metsi ga di tlhakane. Go aroganngwa ga metsi a Letsha la Malawi le molelwane wa phefo ya oksijene le oxic-anoxic go tlhokomelwa ke dikhemikhale tse dinnye tse di magareng le tsa mogote.&lt;ref&gt;Pilskaln, C. H. (2004). &quot;Seasonal and Interannual Particle Export in an African Rift Valley Lake: A 5-Yr Record from Lake Malawi, Southern East Africa&quot;. ''Limnology and Oceanography'', 49(4), 964–977. &lt;nowiki&gt;{{doi:10.2307/3597647}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Thutafatshe ==
Letsha la Malawi le fa gare ga dikilometara di le makgolo a mathano le masome a marataro(350 mi)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/cichlid/malawi.php &quot;Malawi Cichlids&quot;.] ''AC Tropical Fish''. Aquaticcommunity.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.&lt;/ref&gt;le dikilometara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a robabobedi (360 mi) ka boleele,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Lake_Nyasa.aspx#1-1E1:Nyasa-La-full &quot;Lake Nyasa&quot;.] [[:en:Columbia_Encyclopedia|''Columbia Encyclopedia Online''.]] [[:en:Columbia_University_Press|Columbia University Press.]] Retrieved 2011-08-02&lt;/ref&gt; le bophara jwa dikilometara di ka nna masome a supa le botlhano (47 mi) kwa lefelong la lone le le bulegileng thata. Letsha leno le na le botona jotlhe jwa disekwerekilometara di ka nna 29 600.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Letsha le le boleele jwa makgolo a supa le borataro m (2,316 ft) kwa ntlheng ya lone e e kwa teng thata, le le mo lefelong le le kwa tlase thata mo karolong e e kwa bokone-bogare.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[[:en:Ad_Konings|Konings, Ad]] (1990). ''Ad Konings' Book of Cichlids and all the other Fishes of Lake Malawi.'' [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0866225274|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0866225274&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Mogogoro o mongwe o monnye kwa bokone jo bo kgakala o fitlha kwa boteng jwa di metara dile makgolo a matlhano,masome a mabedi le boferabobedi (1,732 ft).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Sephatlo se se kwa borwa sa letsha leno ga se boteng; kwa tlase ga dimetara di le makgolo a ,mane(1,300 ft) mo karolong e e kwa borwa-bogare le kwa tlase ga dimethara dile makgolo a mabedi  (660 ft) kwa borwa jo bo kgakala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Letsha leno le na le mabopo kwa bophirima jwa Mozambique, kwa botlhaba jwa Malawi le kwa borwa jwa Tanzania. Noka e tona e e elelang mo go yone ke Noka ya Ruhuhu, mme go na le lefelo le le tswang kwa ntlheng ya yone e e kwa borwa, e leng Noka ya Shire, e leng noka e e elelang mo Nokeng ya Zambezi kwa Mozambique.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Mowafatso e dira go feta 80% ya tatlhegelo ya metsi go tswa mo letsheng, go feta thata Noka ya Shire e e elelang.&lt;ref&gt;Park, L.E.; and A.S. Cohen (2011). Paleoecological response of ostracods to early Late Pleistocene lake-level changes in Lake Malawi, East Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 303: 71–80. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.038|10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.038]]&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a a tswang kwa Letsheng la Malawi go tsena mo Nokeng ya Shire a botlhokwa mo itsholelong ka gonne metswedi ya metsi e tshegetsa maatla a metsi, nosetso le mefutafuta ya ditshedi e e kwa tlase.&lt;ref&gt;Bhave, A., Vincent, K. and Mkwambisi, D. (2019) Projecting future water availability in Lake Malawi and the Shire River basin, Future Climate for Africa Brief, Cape Town: CDKN. [https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/brief-projecting-future-water-availability-inlake-malawi-and-the-shire-river-basin/ https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/brief-projecting-future-water-availability-inlake-malawi-and-the-shire-river-basin]&lt;/ref&gt;

Go tlhagisitswe matshwenyego ka ga ditlamorago tsa isago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi tsa Letsha la Malawi ka ntlha ya phokotsego ya bošeng ya maemo a letsha le tlwaelo ya go oma ka kakaretso.&lt;ref&gt;Bhave, Ajay G.; Bulcock, Lauren; Dessai, Suraje; Conway, Declan; Jewitt, Graham; Dougill, Andrew J.; Kolusu, Seshagiri Rao; Mkwambisi, David (2020-05-01). [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169420301311 &quot;Lake Malawi's threshold behaviour: A stakeholder-informed model to simulate sensitivity to climate change&quot;.] ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''584''' 124671. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JHyd..58424671B 2020JHyd..58424671B.] doi:10.[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124671|1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124671.]] ISSN 0022-1694. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213751778 213751778].&lt;/ref&gt; seemo sa loapi mo kgaolong ya letsha e setse e itemogela diphetogo, ka dithemphoritšhara tse di bonelwang pele go oketsega go ralala lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210304151018/https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/how-can-we-improve-the-use-of-information-for-a-climate-resilient-malawi/ &quot;How can we improve the use of information for a climate-resilient Malawi?&quot;.] ''fcfa''. Retrieved 2026-06-05.&lt;/ref&gt;

Letsha le le ka nna dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Letsha la Tanganyika, le lengwe la makadiba a magolo a Rift ya Aforika Botlhaba.&lt;ref&gt;Aghaindum, Ajeagah Gideon (2017-06-15). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8F0nDwAAQBAJ Water as a weapon of international confrontations]''. Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-14-003961-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-2-14-003961-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Letsha la Malawi e kwa ntlheng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha.&lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/289/ &quot;Lake Malawi National Park&quot;]. ''World Heritage List''. [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]]. Retrieved 24 October 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lephata la metsi le Kgopo leswe</title>
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      <text bytes="4160" sha1="czixcm4ach474vmo99iti44qbeuny09" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox government agency|name=Lephata la metsi le kgopo leswe|type=Lephata|logo=Department of Water and Sanitation logo.svg|formed={{Start date and age|1912}} (as the Department of Irrigation in the [[Union of South Africa]])|jurisdiction=Puso ya Aforika Borwa|minister1_name=Pemmy Majodina|deputyminister1_name=David Mahlobo|deputyminister1_pfo=Mothusa tona wa metsi le kgopo leswe|minister1_pfo=Tona wa metsi le kgopo leswe|deputyminister2_name=Judith Tshabalala|deputyminister2_pfo=Mothusa tona wa metsi le kgopo leswe|website=https://www.dws.gov.za/}}

'''Lephata la metsi le kgopo leswe''' ke lengwe la maphata a puso ya [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le okametse seemo sa metsi le kgopo leswe kwa Aforika Borwa.

Ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2009, morago ga go tlhophiwa ga ga [[Jacob Zuma]], lephata la metsi le dikgwa le ne la kgaoganngwa, mohama wa dikgwa o isiwa kwa lephateng la temothuo, dikgwa le go tshwara ditlhaphi. Lephata la metsi le kgopo leswe le ne la tlhamiwa ka Motsheganong 2014 ke tautona Jacob Zuma, moeteledipele wa gauteng [[Nomvula Mokonyane]] e nna ene tona wa lone wa pele (go tswa ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa 2014 go tsena Firikgong a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 2018). O ne a tlhatlhamiwa ke [[Gugile Nkwinti]].&lt;ref&gt;Phillips, Lloyd (7 May 2019). [https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-news/south-africa/nkwinti-in-hot-water-over-public-protectors-findings/ &quot;Nkwinti in hot water over Public Protector's findings&quot;.] ''Farmer's Weekly SA''. Retrieved 08 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tshenyetso setšhaba le go tlhoka go dira tiro ==
Lephata le, le itsege ka tsietso, tshenyetso setšhaba le go tlhoka go tsamaisa ditheko sentle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/national/2021-06-10-lindiwe-sisulu-holds-water-and-sanitation-officials-to-account/ &quot;Lindiwe Sisulu holds water and sanitation officials to account&quot;.] ''BusinessLIVE''. Retrieved 08 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Pego ya madi ya 2019/2020 e ne ya supa fa lephata le dirisitse dibilione tsa diranta di le lesome,&lt;ref&gt;[https://mg.co.za/news/2021-06-10-lindiwe-sisulu-to-sweep-clean-her-corruption-ridden-department/ &quot;Sisulu to 'sweep' clean her corruption-ridden department&quot;.] ''The Mail &amp; Guardian''. 10 June 2021. Retrieved 08 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; fa pego ya 2020 go tsena 2021 ya madi yone e supile fa go dirisitswe dibilone tse dingwe di le lesome botlhaswa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2021-06-10-water-and-sanitation-department-reveals-almost-r10bn-in-irregular-expenditure/ &quot;Water and Sanitation Department reveals almost R10bn in irregular expenditure&quot;.] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 08 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ntlha ya tshenyo e e anameng e, lephata le supile fa le ka se kgone go diragatsa diporojeke dingwe tsa dikago tsa metsi.&lt;ref&gt;Felix, Jason. [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/dried-up-water-dept-does-not-have-capacity-to-fund-mega-projects-says-lindiwe-sisulu-20210724 &quot;Dried up: Water dept does not have capacity to fund mega projects, says Lindiwe Sisulu&quot;.] ''News24''. Retrieved 08 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Pego ka [[Corruption Watch]] le mafaratlhatlha a tsamaiso sentle ya metsi ka 2020 e begile fa tshenyetso setšhaba mo lephateng la metsi le kgopo leswe e isa letlhoko la metsi kwa godimo kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], jaaka go diragala kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]].&lt;ref&gt;Gagné-Acoulon, Sandrine. [https://www.occrp.org/en/news/report-corruption-fuels-water-shortage-in-south-africa? &quot;Report: Corruption fuels Water Shortage in South Africa&quot;.] ''www.occrp.org''. Retrieved 08 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tshireletsego ya metsi ==
Ka ngwaga wa 2022, lephata le ne la supa fa makalana a bo masepala a metsi otlhe a na le dikago tse di onetseng ka jalo di sa bereke. Go tlhoka go tlhokomelwa sentle le ditsamaiso mo mohameng wa selegae go bakile gore 40% wa metsi a latlhege pele ga a goroga kwa badirising ba one.&lt;ref&gt;Fisher, Shamiela (19 February 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230406072455/https://ewn.co.za/2022/02/19/mchunu-says-sa-municipalities-lose-up-to-40-of-water-to-aging-infrastructure &quot;Mchunu says SA municipalities lose up to 40% of water to aging infrastructure&quot;.] ewn.co.za. Eyewitness News. Retrieved 08 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letamo la Beervlei</title>
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      <text bytes="1265" sha1="mmp5066v8bajsq9xnqu435g79iqwq1o" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Beervlei''' ke letamo le le kgabaganyang [[noka ya Groot]], kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;admin (22 February 2023). [https://www.karooheartland.com/listings/beervlei-dam/ &quot;Beervlei Dam - Karoo Heartland&quot;.] ''www.karooheartland.com''. Retrieved 8 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Le agilwe ka 1957,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.baviaans.co.za/listing/the-beervlei-dam_15_2017 &quot;The Beervlei Dam&quot;]. ''Baviaans Tourism''. Retrieved 8 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; le boteng jwa di mithara di le didikadike di le masome a robabobedi le botlhano, dikete di le makgolo a  robabobedi, bophara jwa 23.145 meters, fa lobotana lo le bo kwa godimo jwa di mithara di le masome mararo le motso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tiriso ya letamo le ke go thibela merwalela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Seretse se se mo lefelong leo le na le matswai a mantsi, go lemogilwe gore se se bakiwa ke go baya metsi ka lobaka. Metsi a morwalela a dirisiwa ka bofefo jo bo kgonagalang mo go nosetseng, molatswana o bewa o sena metsi ka lobaka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260115084124/https://www.mountainpassessouthafrica.co.za/tags/beervlei-dam.html &quot;beervlei dam - Mountain Passes South Africa&quot;.] ''www.mountainpassessouthafrica.co.za''. Retrieved 8 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Letamo la Bivane</title>
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      <text bytes="948" sha1="7gx9v9nhs4nolp59n5eu1o4646e680h" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Bivane''' (le pele le neng le itsege ka leina la '''letamo la Paris''') ke letamo le le kwa nokeng ya Bivane, gaufi le Vryheis, kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]] ,kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 2000. Tiriso kgolo ya lone ke go nosetsa le tiriso ya mo gae. Beng ba lone ke mokgatlho wa Impala User Association.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260609110448/https://www.bivanedam.co.za/ &quot;Bivane Dam&quot;]. Retrieved 9 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wheretostay.co.za/topic/3624-bivane-dam &quot;Bivane Dam Information | WhereToStay.co.za&quot;.] ''www.wheretostay.co.za''. Retrieved 9 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Borai jwa lone bo mo legatong la boraro.

== Ditshwantsho ==
[[Setshwantsho:Bivane Dam - 26 Nov 2009 - panoramio.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Ka fa le bonalang ka teng go tswa kwa lefelong la go kampa]]
[[Setshwantsho:Bivane dam - Aerial view of the campsite - panoramio.jpg|center|thumb|250x250px|Ka fa le bonalang ka teng kwa godimo]]


== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Go tlamelwa ka metsi le go tlhatswa leswe kwa Nigeria</title>
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      <text bytes="44638" sha1="f2k6lvk1xrg5u6m11lpdox5n7swaniy" xml:space="preserve">Maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi kwa Nigeria a abelanwa ke maphata a le mararo a puso  ⁇  ya bosetšhaba, ya porofense le ya selegae. Puso ya selegae e na le maikarabelo a go laola metswedi ya metsi; dipuso tsa diporofense di na le maikarabelo a magolo a go tlamela metse ka metsi; mme dipuso tsa selegae mmogo le baagi di na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi kwa magaeng. Boikarabelo jwa go phepafatsa ga bo tlhalosiwe sentle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.africaportal.org/documents/8111/Joe_Goldface_en.pdf Goldface–Irokalibe, Joe. Water Management In Federal And Federal –Type Countries: Nigerian Perspectives] (PDF) (Report). pp. 14–15. Retrieved 28 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Boleng jwa tirelo ya metsi le go busediwa ga ditshenyegelo tsa one go kwa tlase. Ditheko tsa metsi di kwa tlase mme batho ba le bantsi ba ba dirisang metsi ga ba duele dikoloto tsa bone. Ka jalo batlamedi ba ditirelo ba ikaega thata ka dithuso tsa nakwana go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa bona tsa tiragatso. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/WKP(2020)13&amp;docLanguage=En &quot;Addressing the social consequences of tariffs for water supply&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipholisi tsa Bosetšhaba le Maitlhomo di rotloetsa go nna le seabe ga lephata la poraefete le go fetola pholisi kwa maemong a Puso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;USAID: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090730015346/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO937.pdf Nigeria Water and Sanitation Profile, ca]. 2007&lt;/ref&gt;Tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe ya bosetšhaba e lemoga botlhokwa jwa tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe jaaka e le botlhokwa mo setšhabeng se se itekanetseng le tlhabololo ya bosetšhaba.&lt;ref&gt;Adeoti, O. (2007-02-01). &quot;Challenges to managing water resources along the hydrological boundaries in Nigeria&quot;. ''Water Policy''. '''9''' (1): 105–118. Bibcode:[[doi:10.2166/wp.2006.002|2007WaPol...9..105A]]. doi:10.2166/wp.2006.002. ISSN 1366-7017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo dipotsolotsong, Olukemi Badenoch, moeteledipele wa Conservative Party, o ne a bolela gore fa a ne a sa le ngwana kwa Nigeria, ba lelapa la gaabo ba ne ba na le mathata a go se nne le metsi le motlakase, mme seo se ne sa ama tsela e a lebang dipolotiki ka yone. O ne a tsopola maitemogelo a gagwe jaaka karolo ya lebaka la go bo a tsaya botsitso jwa mafaratlhatlha le mebaraka e e gololesegileng e le botlhokwa, ka a bone ka matlho dikgwetlho tsa go tshela ntle le go fitlhelela ditirelo tsa motheo.

== Go tsena ==
Baithaopi ba phepafatsa mesele ya metsi kwa Ilorin, Nigeria ka letsatsi la boithatelo. Tota le fa go na le mafaratlhatlha a a lekaneng a go boloka le go dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, go ka nna ga se ka ga nna jalo kwa [[Nigeria]]. Go kgotlelwa ga polasetiki go kgoreletsa go dirisiwa ga metsi a a leswe mo lefatsheng lotlhe.

Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2015, 67% ya baagi ba Nigeria ba ne ba kgona go bona metsi a motheo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.waterwide.org/water-nigerians-deserves/ &quot;Water Nigerians Deserves&quot;.] Retrieved 2023-03-20&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/ &quot;Nigeria&quot;]. ''WASHWatch''. Retrieved 21 March 2017&lt;/ref&gt;Palo eno e ne e le 82% ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le 54% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa magaeng. Bontsi jwa batho kwa Nigeria ga ba na metsi a a phepa, segolo thata kwa mafelong a magae.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/262663-69-million-nigerians-lack-access-to-safe-water-unicef.html &quot;69 million Nigerians lack access to safe water- UNICEF | Premium Times Nigeria&quot;.] 2018-03-22. Retrieved 2022-03-01&lt;/ref&gt; Dipalopalo tsa lefatshe ka bophara tsa metsi le boitekanelo di supa gore 79% ya batho ba Nigeria ba na le mathata a tlhaelo ya metsi. &lt;ref&gt;[https://tribuneonlineng.com/hazards-of-contaminated-water/ &quot;Hazard of contaminated water&quot;.] ''Nigerian Tribune''. 27 January 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka ngwaga wa 2015, batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 60 ba ne ba sa kgone go bona metsi a &quot;bonnye&quot;. Malebana le go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, ke 33% fela ya baagi ba ba neng ba kgona go fitlhelela &quot;bonnye&quot; jwa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. Palo eno e ne e le 39% ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le 27% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa magaeng. Batho ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bobedi (122) ba ne ba sa ntse ba sa kgone go fitlhelela &quot;bonnye jwa motheo&quot; jwa go nna phepa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/ &quot;Nigeria&quot;]. ''WASHWatch''. Retrieved 21 March 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria#cite_note-12|WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo mafelong a ditoropo, go fitlhelela diphaepe tsa metsi go ne ga emisetsa go fitlhelela metsi ka diphaepe.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/Wider)&quot;. ''Poverty and Undernutrition'': ii. 2000-10-05. doi:[[doi:10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002|10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002.]] ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;0-19-829268-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go nna le thulaganyo e e lekaneng ya go tlosa leswe gantsi go dirwa ka ditanka tsa septic, ka gonne ga go na thulaganyo ya go tsamaisa leswe.

Dipalopalo tse di malebana le go fitlhelela metsi le kgeleloleswe di a ganetsana ka ntlha ya ditlhaloso tse di sa tshwaneng, ditshupo le mekgwa e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang ke ditheo tse di farologaneng. Ga go na le fa e le go lekola lephata lepe fela. &lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria#cite_note-14|John Gambo Laah, Ph.D., Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (WSMP),]] Nigeria: Nigeria Water and Sanitation Summary Sheet, no date&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ya ka Guardian News: &quot;Mookamedi wa Advocacy, Policy and Communication, Water Aid Nigeria, Kolawole Banwo, o rile mo dikgaolong tsa puso ya selegae di le makgolo a supa le masome a supa le bone (774) mo Nigeria, ke di le masome a supa le borataro (76) fela tse di senang maemo a go ntsha mantle mo nageng, bothata jono jwa boitekanelo e sa ntse e le bothata jo bo masisi jo bo tlhokang kgato e e potlakileng&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220301105621/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/40-of-fct-residents-into-open-defecation/ &quot;40% of FCT residents into open defecation&quot;.] ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2022-02-06. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ya ka pego e e gatisitsweng ke Amnesty International ka kgwedi ya Lwetse , khampani ya oli ya Shell le puso ya Rivers State, kwa borwa jwa Nigeria ga di dire go le gontsi go tlamela metsi a a phepa kwa Ogale, lefelo le le kwa ntle ga motsemoshate. Banni ba patelesega go reka metsi ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di sa kgonegeng kgotsa go nwa metsi a a tswang mo didibeng tse di kgotletsweng ka benzene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR4491722018ENGLISH.pdf &quot;COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA DRINKING POLLUTED WATER&quot;] (PDF). Amnesty International. Retrieved 27 September 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/common-water-issues &quot;Common Water Issues | U.S. Geological Survey&quot;]. ''www.usgs.gov''. Retrieved 2022-02-27&lt;/ref&gt;

== Boleng jwa tirelo tsa metsi ==
Go ya ka World Bank, ka ngwaga wa 2010, &quot;ditirelo tsa ntshokuno ya metsi kwa Nigeria di ne di sa dire ka bokgoni jo bo siameng ka ntlha ya didiriso tse di senyegileng, kgotsa go tlhoka motlakase kgotsa mafura a go pompa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/04/22/new-project-to-bring-clean-water-to-50000-households &quot;New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households&quot;.] ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2020-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditshenyegelo tsa go dira tsa ditheo tsa metsi di okediwa ke tlhokego ya go ikaega ka dijenereitara tsa disele kgotsa le e leng go ikagela dimela tsa tsone tsa motlakase, ka gore motlakase ga o tle ka metlha. Didiriswa le diphaepe di tlhokomelwa sentle, go isa kwa go tlamelweng ga metsi ka dinako tse di rileng le kwa maemong a a kwa godimo a metsi a a senang lotseno.&lt;ref&gt;World Bank:[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/NIGERIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22553025~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:368896,00.html New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households], 22 April 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000, mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa masome a ferangbobedi (80% )ya ditsamaiso tsa metsi tse di neng di le mo mmusong (tse di neng di tsamaisiwa ke setšhaba) mo ditoropong tse dinnye di ne di sa dire.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;World Bank/Federal Republic of Nigeria:[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NIGERIAEXTN/Resources/wss_1100.pdf Water Supply &amp; Sanitation Interim Strategy Note,] November 2000, retrieved on April 11, 201&lt;/ref&gt; Ka go dira dipeeletso le go aga bokgoni jwa baagi, tiriso ya mafelo a metsi e ka okediwa mo nakong e khutshwane. Ka sekai, mo metseng e e neng e tshegediwa ke UNICEF kwa Kwara State, tiro e ne ya tokafala go tswa go masome ma matlhano le boraro (53%) go ya go 98%, mme kwa Kebbi state, tiro ya go epa e ne ya tokafala go tswa go 12% go ya go 88%. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go itsege sentle gore didirisiwa tseno di tla tswelela go dira sentle jang mo nakong e telele, morago ga gore ditsereganyo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di fele.

Mo ngwagasomeng wa bobedi wa dingwaga tsa bo-2000, e ne ya lekanngwa ka go nna teng ga di-metalloid mo go tlameleng metsi a a dirisediwang batho le temothuo, mo mabakeng a mangwe ka boleng jo bo fetang melelwane ya boditšhabatšhaba ya WHO (sekao, mo mafelong a a dikologileng Zaria, &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Philip Njoku Obasi; Bennard Benedict Akudinobi (2020). [[doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z|&quot;Potential health risk and levels of heavy metals in water resources of lead–zinc mining communities of Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria&quot;.]] ''Applied Water Science''. '''10''' (article number 184): 184. Bibcode:2020ApWS...10..184O. doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z. S2CID 220375764.&lt;/ref&gt;Abakaliki, &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;Ibadan &lt;ref&gt;Effiong Ukorebi Etim (March 1, 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6236527 &quot;Occurrence and Distribution of Arsenic, Antimony and Selenium in Shallow Groundwater Systems of Ibadan Metropolis, Southwestern Nigerian&quot;.] ''Journal of Health and Pollution''. '''7''' (13): 32–41. doi:10.5696/2156-9614-7-13.32. ISSN 2156-9614. PMC 6236527. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 30524812&lt;/nowiki&gt;. S2CID 54448087.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Christiana Ndidi Egbinolacorresponding; Amobichukwu Chukwudi Amanambu (2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447718 &quot;Groundwater contamination in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria&quot;]. ''SpringerPlus''. '''3''' 448. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-448. PMC 4447718. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 26034666&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;le Onitsha). Kgotlelo ya dimetaloid le segolo thata ya arsenic- e farologana ka selekanyo se se maleba mo setlheng sa komelelo le sa pula, ka ntlha ya go ntshiwa ga diminerale mo metsing a sediba le a diforo le ka bontlhabongwe mo ditirong tsa madirelo a meepo.&lt;ref&gt;. Citation: [http://jett.dormaj.com/docs/Volume3/Issue%201/html/Level%20of%20arsenic%20in%20potable%20water%20sources%20in%20Nigeria%20and%20their%20potential%20health%20impacts%20A%20review.htm ''High arsenic concentrations can occur locally in surface waters (as well as ground waters) in areas of bedrock sulphide mineralization or mining activity, industrial contaminations, or areas affected by geothermal activity and in surface waters that are fed by high-arsenic groundwater''.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;Boemo jo bo tshwanang jwa setlha sa arsenic bo lemogilwe mo dithishung tsa mesifa ya mefuta ya ditlhapi tsa kwa tlase ga lewatle.&lt;ref&gt;Citation: ''[https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201700277593 This calls for continuous monitoring and enforcement of regulations to ensure safety of fishery resources from Lagos Lagoon.]''&lt;/ref&gt;Ka jalo, bothata jwa kgotlelo ga bo a rarabololwa ka botlalo le fa e le mo indasetering ya ditlhapi ya Nigeria mme go tlhokega dipatlisiso tse dingwe (kgotsa melawana).

== Bokgoni ==
Metsi le kgelelo-leswe ga di a tlamelwa sentle mo Nigeria. &lt;ref&gt;Obeta, Michael Chukwuma; Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (2015). [https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jengeo.2015.8.issue-3-4/jengeo-2015-0009/jengeo-2015-0009.xml &quot;Factors Responsible For Rural Residential Water Supply Shortage In Southeastern Nigeria&quot;]. ''Journal of Environmental Geography''. '''8''' (3–4): 21–32. doi:10.1515/jengeo-2015-0009 – via De Gruyter.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka sekai, ditheo tsa metsi tsa puso di na le badiri ba bantsi thata. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, go ne go na le badiri ba ka nna masome a supa (70) mo badirising ba le sekete (1 000) mo ditheong tsa metsi tsa puso, fa go bapisiwa le kelo ya tiragatso e e gaisang ya 3.5.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;Metsi a e seng a lotseno gantsi a feta 50%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Abuja ===
Millennium Park e e kwa Abuja, e metsi a yone a tlamelwang ka metsi a ntseng a okediwa

Motsemogolo wa Nigeria, Abuja, o bona karolo ya metsi a one a a nowang mo letamong la Lower Usuma Dam. Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse  ka ngwaga wa 2013, Federal Capital Territory Water Board (FCTWB) e leng setheo se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela metsi a a nowang mo Federal Capital Territory se ne sa simolola go dira karolo ya boraro le ya bone ya porojeke ya Lower Usman Dam Treatment Plant (LUDWTP) e e simolotseng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2011. Dikarolo tsotlhe tsa porojeke (karolo 1, 2, 3, le 4) le letamo la letamo la Gurara ke motswedi wa metsi a a sa tlhotlhiwang go tswa mo letamong la letamo la Lower Usuma le fa le kopantswe, le na le bokgoni jwa go dira dilitara di le dimilione di le makgolo a supa le masome a mabedi (720) tsa metsi a a phepa ka letsatsi go ya kwa Abuja le baagisani ba gagwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailytrust.com/ &quot;Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics | Dailytrust&quot;.] ''Daily Trust''. Retrieved 2022-02-16.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.water-technology.net/projects/lower-usuma-dam-water-treatment-plant-expansion-abuja/ &quot;Lower Usuma Dam Water Treatment Plant Expansion, Abuja - Water Technology&quot;.] ''www.water-technology.net''. Retrieved 2022-03-13.&lt;/ref&gt;

Metsi a a leswe a phepafadiwa kwa Federal Capital Territory Sewage Treatment Plant e e leng kwa kgaolong ya Wupa kwa Abuja, e agilwe ke SCC Nigeria Limited mme e laetswe ke Moporesitente Olusegun Obasanjo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/abuja-sewage-treatment-plant-runs-on-generators-for-13-years/ &quot;Abuja Sewage Treatment Plant runs on generators for 13 years&quot;.] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2022-03-13&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Enugu ===
Kakaretso ya toropo ya Enugu

Enugu ke porofense e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Nigeria. Enugu State Water Corporation ke setheo se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi mo Enugu State, se eteletswe pele ke motsamaisi-mogolo. Go se nne teng ga metsi a a lekaneng e ntse e le nngwe ya dikgwetlho tse dikgolo tsa puso ya Enugu e e ka nnang ya bo e le ka ntlha ya go sa tsamaisiweng sentle ga mafaratlhatlha le kgogolego kwa Ajali Water Works e e tlamelang 77,000 m3 ya metsi letsatsi le letsatsi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/11/03/changing-the-narrative-on-enugu-water-problem-from-the-root/ &quot;Changing the Narrative on Enugu Water Problem from the Root&quot;]. ''This Day''. 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2022-03-13.&lt;/ref&gt;Ntlo ya Palamente ya Enugu State ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2021 e fetisitse molao o o tshwailweng ka &quot;tshwanelo ya go fitlhelela metsi le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo&quot;. Molaotlhomo ono o ne wa tlisiwa ka maiteko a go tokafatsa tlamelo ya metsi le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo mo nageng. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/enugu-assembly-passes-bill-to-improve-water-supply-sanitation/ &quot;Enugu Assembly passes bill to improve water supply, sanitation&quot;.] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2021-07-28. Retrieved 2022-02-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

Puso ya Enugu State e simolotse go tsosolosa 9th Mile Crash Programme ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2021 morago ga gore porojeke eno e emisiwe dingwaga tse di fetang masome a mararo (30). Porojeke eno e dirilwe ke FordMarx Nigeria Limited. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Lagos ===
Motse o mogolo go gaisa otlhe mo Nigeria ka palo ya baagi, Lagos o dikologilwe ke metsi a lewatle le lekadiba. Phesente e e fopholediwang ya metsi a a phepa mo toropong e ka nna 81.32%. &lt;ref&gt;Lagos Water Corporation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120323021344/http://www.lagoswater.org/about_us.php &quot;Organisation History&quot;]. Retrieved 12 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, e re ka metsi a a seng phepa a a mo letsheng a kgotletswe thata, motse o bona metsi a one go tswa mo dinokeng tsa Ogun le Owo. Lefelo la bogologolo la go phepafatsa metsi mo toropong eno, le le kwa Iju mo Nokeng ya Ogun, le ne la agiwa ka ngwaga wa 1910. E ne ya okediwa ka dikgato go nna digalase di le dimilione di le masome a mane le botlhano (45) ka letsatsi. Semela se sengwe se sennye se ne sa agiwa kwa Ishashi mo Nokeng ya Owo ka ngwaga tsa bo1970.

Motšhine o mogolo go gaisa o o kileng wa agiwa o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa1991 kwa Adiyan ka bokgoni jwa digalase di le dimilione di le masome a supa (70) ka letsatsi. Gape e tswa mo Nokeng ya Owo. Gape go na le di-mini-waterworks di le supa tse di tserweng go tswa mo metsweding ya selegae tse di nang le bokgoni jo bo kopaneng jwa lesome le boferabobedi (18m) gallons ka letsatsi. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241104184550/http://watercorporation.lagosstate.gov.ng/ &quot;Lagos State Water Corporation&quot;.] ''Lagos State Water Corporation''. Retrieved 2022-03-01.&lt;/ref&gt;Lekgotla la Metsi la Lagos le bolela gore metsi a a tlhagisitsweng mo semeleng a fitlhelela maemo a a kwa godimo, le gore a tlamela &quot;metsi a a bolokesegileng a go nwa ka selekanyo se se lekaneng le ka metlha go batho ba ba fetang dimilione di le 12,5 kwa Legos State&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;Lagos State Water Corporation. [http://www.lagoswater.org/index.php &quot;Welcome to the Official Website of the LSWC&quot;.] Retrieved 12 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

LASWARCO (Lagos Water Corporation) le yone e simolotse loeto lwa go ya go ithuta kwa Lekgotleng la Bosetšhaba la tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Zambia gore go tle go rarabololwe mabaka a motheo a a bakang bothata jwa tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe le ditsela tse di tlhokegang tsa go rarabolola bothata jono.Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a kgotlelwa gantsi mo kgwebong ya kabo mme batho ga ba tshepe boleng jwa metsi a pompo. Go kgaoga ga motlakase go kgoreletsa ditlamelo tsa go phepafatsa go dira go sa kgaotse. Le fa go ntse jalo, semela sa motlakase sa 12.15 MW se ne se ntse se agiwa ka ngwaga wa 2012 go tlamela ka motlakase kwa mafelong a go phepafatsa metsi a Adiyan, Iju le Akute. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/lagos-water-everywhere-but-not-to-drink/ &quot;Lagos: Water everywhere but none to drink&quot;.] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Malapa le one a bona metsi go tswa mo didibeng tse di seng boteng tsa poraefete. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;Kgotsa malapa a ikaega ka barekisi ba mo mebileng, ba dira mmaraka o o atlegileng wa &quot;metsi a kgetsana&quot;, metsi a a phepafaditsweng a a phuthetsweng mo dikgetsaneng tsa polyethylene.Barekisi ba metsi ba ba bidiwang Mairuwa ba rekisa metsi go tswa mo ditankeng le mo dirotong mo dikareng, tse ka dinako tse dingwe di rekisetswang barekisi ba bangwe ba ba rwalang metsi ka dikgamelo kgotsa ka dinkgwana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Go fitlhelela metsi a a tlamelwang ke State Water Corporation ke 'metropocentric' ke gore, go dikologilwe ke metropolis. 

Ka ntlha ya go se nne teng ga metsi a a lekaneng mo setšhabeng, batho ba ne ba gana go dirisa metsi go tswa mo motsweding mongwe le mongwe go a dirisa mo malapeng. 40% ya matlo a ikaegile ka sediba go a dirisa mo malapeng; 32% e ikaegile ka barekisi go bona metsi; 7% ya matlo a ikaegile ka megogoro ya setšhaba le 19% ka ditanka, dinoka le metsi a pula a a sa bonweng mo setlheng se se omeletseng.

== Benue ==
Noka ya Benue (Makurdi)

Kwa Makurdi, motsemoshate wa Benue State, ke fela 25-30% ya baagi ba ba direlwang mme baagi ba tsaya metsi a a sa tlhotlhiwang ka dikgamelo go tswa kwa nokeng e e kgotletsweng ya Benue. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326449662 &quot;The contending issues with domestic water supply in makurdi&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;Ka ngwaga wa 2008, go agiwa ga lefelo la go phepafatsa metsi go ne ga tlogelwa go ise go wediwe mme badiredi ba ne ba sa kgone go tlhalosa US$6 million. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne go ntse go agiwa lefelo la go phepafatsa metsi jaaka karolo ya Greater Makurdi Waterworks Project. Go ya ka Nat Apir, mogakolodi wa metsi yo o ikemetseng, go tlhoka ga marangrang a a tsamaisang metsi a segompieno go tla dira gore diphaepe di phatloge mme bokgoni jwa semela bo mo kotsing ya go sa dirisiwe ka botlalo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;PBS / Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting (15 March 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316045356/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/globalhealth/jan-june12/westafrica_03-15.html &quot;What's Causing Water Shortages in Ghana, Nigeria?&quot;.] ''PBS''. pp. Minutes 1–4 of the video. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Melatswana/dinoka di tsenya 27.89% mo setlheng se se omeletseng le 24.16% mo setlheng se se metsi, metsi a pula e le 0.00% mo setlheng se se omeletseng le 27.22% mo setlheng se se metsi. Kwa motseng wa Ugbokolo, tlhokego ya metsi e kwa godimo (155,788 lpd) go feta se se leng teng (113,249 lpd) go ralala motse.[ 43]

=== Imo ===
Morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bone (24) tsa go dira ntle le metsi a a tsamaisiwang, ka ngwaga wa 2020, puso ya Imo ka fa tlase ga tsamaiso ya ga Senator Hope Uzodinma, Mmusi wa Imo, o ne a ntsha madi go tsosolosa lephata la metsi a a phepa mo metsesetoropong, mme seo sa dira gore baagi ba Imo ba kgone go bona metsi a a bolokesegileng, ditirelo tsa boitekanelo le tsa boitekanelo. Ka fa tlase ga Engr Emeka Celestine Ugoanyanwu, Imo State Water and Sewerage Corporation e ne ya dira diphetogo tse dikgolo tsa setheo, pholisi le taolo, tse di neng tsa isa kwa go tsosoloseng Otammiri Waterworks le dithulaganyo tse dingwe tsa metsi tse di neng di le ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Setlamo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;[https://www.sunnewsonline.com/uzodimma-revives-adapalm-restores-public-water-supply-to-owerri/ &quot;Uzodimma revives Adapalm, restores public water supply to Owerri&quot;]. ''The Sun''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2022-03-12.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka jalo mmusi gape o ne a laela gore go dirwe tsosoloso e e akaretsang mo lephateng la WASH go tsamaelana le thekenoloji ya segompieno.

Go ya ka USAID, Imo State Water and Sewerage Corporation (ISWSC) e tlamela ka metsi go batho ba le dimilione di le tharo ( 3) ba kwa Imo. &lt;ref&gt;Ngene, Ben U.; Nwafor, Christiana O.; Bamigboye, Gideon O.; Ogbiye, Adebanji S.; Ogundare, Jacob O.; Akpan, Victor E. (2021-01-01). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820563 &quot;Assessment of water resources development and exploitation in Nigeria: A review of integrated water resources management approach&quot;.] ''Heliyon''. '''7''' (1) e05955. Bibcode:2021Heliy...705955N. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05955. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7820563. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 33521352&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Oyo ===
Letamo la Asejire

Letamo la Erelu le le neng la tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1963 ke motswedi o mogolo wa metsi go baagi ba Oyo le tikologo ya yona mme le na le bokgoni jwa go tlamela ka dilitara di le dimilione di le 7,5 tsa metsi ka letsatsi mme gape le na le bokgoni jwa bobolokelo jwa 10cm3.&lt;ref&gt;Ufoegbune, G. C; Oparinde, O. C; Eruola, A. O. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280082127 &quot;Municipal water supply planning in Oyo metropolis, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria&quot;.] ''Journal of Geography and Regional Planning''. '''4''' (7): 9 – via ResearchGate.&lt;/ref&gt;Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le diporojeke di le tharo tsa go tlamelwa ka metsi kwa Ibadan: Eleyele Water Works, Asejire Water Works le Osegere Water Works. Go tlhaela ga metsi, diphaepe tse di thubegileng ke dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse banni ba kwa Oyo ba lebaneng le tsone malebana le metsi. Mafelo a ditoropo a Oyo a tlamelwa ka metsi ke Oyo State Water Corporation. 

=== Edo ===
Motswedi o le mongwe fela wa metsi kwa motseng wa Itsukwi, kwa Edo

Thulaganyo ya metsi kwa Benin City, e e ikaegileng ka Letamo la Noka ya Ikpoba, e tlamela fela mo e ka nnang 30% ya baagi. Bo Tautona ba bangwe ba le masome a supa (70) ba di bona metsi a tsone go tswa mo didibeng tse dintsi tse di epetsweng gore di dirisediwe merero ya motho ka namana, ya temothuo le ya madirelo.

=== Borno ===
Kwa Borno State, go thata go bona metsi a a phepa le go nna le thulaganyo e e siameng ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang tse di ntseng di tsweletse ka dingwaga di le dintsi tse di sentseng diphaepe tsa metsi, dikhuti le matlwana a boithomelo. Batho ba le bantsi mo metseng le mo dikampeng tsa batshabi ba ga metsi ba a gelela mo dinokeng, mo matamong kgotsa mo didibeng tse di bulegileng, tse gantsi di leswe e bile go se motlhofo go di nwa. Go ya ka pego ya ngwaga wa 2021 ya UNICEF, ke mo e ka nnang nngwetharong fela ya batho ba kwa Borno ba ba nang le metsi a a phepa, mme bontsi jwa bone ba sa ntse ba dirisa metsi a a nang le megare. Matlo a le mantsi ga a na matlwana a boithomelo, ka jalo go ntshetsa mantle kwa ntle go sa ntse go tlwaelegile mo mafelong mangwe. Go thusa go tokafatsa seemo, puso ya porofense ya Borno le mekgatlho e e jaaka UNICEF, WaterAid,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wateraid.org/ng/media/the-coca-cola-foundation-and-wateraid-bring-life-transforming-water-and-hygiene-to-four &quot;The Coca-Cola Foundation and WaterAid bring life-transforming water and hygiene to four communities in Borno State | WaterAid Nigeria&quot;]. ''www.wateraid.org''. Retrieved 2025-11-10&lt;/ref&gt;le Red Cross (ICRC) ba ntse ba baakanya dikhuti, ba aga matlwana a boithomelo, le go tlamela ka metsi a a phepa, segolo thata kwa Maiduguri le metse e e gaufi.Le fa go na le maiteko ano otlhe, go tlhoka tshireletsego, tlhokomelo e e bokoa, le go tlhoka madi a a lekaneng go dira gore go nne thata gore malapa a le mantsi kwa Borno a nne le metsi a a phepa le thulaganyo e e siameng ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse.

== Kaduna ==
Kwa Kaduna State, batho ba le bantsi ba sa ntse ba kgaratlhela go bona metsi a a phepa le a a phepa. Pego ya puso ya ngwaga wa  2021 e bontshitse gore batho ba ba kwa tlase ga halofo ya batho mo nageng eno ba na le metsi a a nowang ka metlha, mme ke ba le mmalwa fela ba ba nang le metsi a a phepafaditsweng sentle le a a bolokesegileng. Mo mafelong a mantsi a kwa magaeng, batho ba ga metsi go tswa mo didibeng kgotsa mo didibeng, mme dingwe tsa tsone di a omelela ka paka ya komelelo kgotsa di emisa go bereka. Gape dipatlisiso di fitlhetse gore bontsi jwa metsi a a dirisiwang mo malapeng ga a babalesega, ka gonne a na le megare e e ka bakang malwetse. Go rarabolola bothata jono

Kano e tlamelwa ka metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng tsa lefelo leo le a a tswang mo metsing a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a a dirisitsweng thata. Tlamelo ya metsi ya setšhaba e tlhaela, ka jalo mafelo a poraefete a go rekisa metsi a ntse a ntsifala le go dira dipoelo tsa bathapi ba poraefete. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;Letamo la Asa le dira jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa metsi wa toropo ya Ilorin.

=== Noka ya Kaduna ===
Dipolotiki le maiteko

Pholisi ya Bosetšhaba ya Tlamelo ya Metsi le Kgeleloleswe ya Nigeria, e e amogetsweng ka ngwaga wa 2000, e rotloetsa go nna le seabe ga lekala la poraefete mme e lebeletse gore go dirwe diphetogo mo ditheong le mo melaong ya puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go ise go direge sepe se se kalo mo dintlheng tseno ka bobedi. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, ke di state di le nne fela mo go tse masome a mararo le bosupa (37) - Lagos, Cross River, Kaduna le Ogun states[39] tse di simolotseng go tsenya tirisanommogo ya setšhaba le poraefete (PPP) ka mokgwa wa dikonteraka tsa ditirelo,[6] mofuta wa PPP o mo go ona maikarabelo a lephata la poraefete a lekanyeditsweng mo go tsamaiseng mafaratlhatlha ntle le go rotloetsa tiragatso. Le fa gone puso e na le pholisi ya go dira gore dilo di nne ka tsela e di leng ka yone, go dira gore dilo di nne ka tsela e di leng ka yone ga go ise go direge. Bokgoni jwa dipuso tsa selegae jwa go rulaganya le go diragatsa dipeeletso, kgotsa go tsamaisa le go tlhokomela ditsamaiso, bo santse bo le kwa tlase le fa go na le maiteko a go tlhabolola bokgoni. Mo godimo ga moo, pholisi ya bosetšhaba e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo go tlameleng ka metsi mme e itlhokomolosa bophepa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 2003, &quot;Presidential Water Initiative (PWI): Metsi a Batho, Metsi a Botshelo&quot; e ne ya simololwa ke Moporesidente wa nako eo Olusegun Obasanjo. Thulaganyo eno e ne e na le mekgele e megolo ya go oketsa go nna le metsi, go akaretsa go fitlhelela selekanyo sa lekgolo(100) lekgolong sa go nna le metsi mo metsemegolong ya diporofense, 75 lekgolong ya go nna le metsi mo mafelong a mangwe a ditoropo le 66 lekgolong ya go nna le metsi mo mafelong a magae. Go dirilwe go le gonnye fela go tsenya letsogo mo maitlhomong a mme ga go ise go fitlhelelwe dilo tse di ikaeletsweng go dirwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 2011, puso e ne ya bouta kwa lekgotleng la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng e buelela maitlamo a go dira gore metsi le bophepa e nne ditshwanelo tsa batho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga e ise e tlhome molao o o tlhalosang gore batho ba na le tshwanelo ya go nna le metsi le go nna le thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. Naga ga e mo tseleng ya go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Tlhabololo a Mileniamo a metsi le kgeleloleswe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ile ga tsenngwa thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse mo dinageng di le thataro ka thuso ya UNICEF le EU. Le fa gone e se molao wa setšhaba, go bonala fa maiteko ano a a dirwang ke batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase a ile a atlega ka tsela nngwe. Go agilwe matlwana a boithomelo a feta 17 000 mo metseng e le makgolo a ferangbobedi le masome a mararo le borataro (836), mme metse e e fetang lekgolo (100) mo go yone e fitlheletse mokgele wa go bolelwa gore ga e na bothata jwa go ntsha mantle mo pepeneneng. &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2022, 18% ya batho ba Nigeria ba dirisa go ntsha mantle mo pepeneneng.

== Maikarabelo ==
Makala a mararo a puso a na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa metsi. Ka sekai, puso ya bosetšhaba e na le maikarabelo a go okamela tsamaiso ya metswedi ya metsi, puso ya porofense e tlamela metse ya ditoropo ka metsi fa dipuso tsa selegae tsone di dirisana mmogo le baagi go tlamela metse ya magae ka metsi. Boikarabelo jwa go phepafatsa ga se ka metlha bo leng mo pepeneneng, fela go phepafatsa mo ditoropong ke boikarabelo jwa puso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

=== Puso ya Federal ===
Tona ya Lefapha la Metswedi ya Metsi, e e neng e le karolo ya Tona ya Temothuo go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010, e na le maikarabelo a diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa go tlhabolola metswedi ya metsi le go abela diporofense metsi. Go na le Ditheo di le lesome le bobedi (12) tsa Tlhabololo ya Metsi a Dinoka tse di leng ka fa tlase ga Lefapha, tse di rweleng maikarabelo a go rulaganyetsa le go tlhabolola metswedi ya metsi, tiro ya go nosetsa le go kokoanya tshedimosetso ya hydrological, hydro-geological. Gape di tlamela metse ka metsi a mantsi go tswa mo matamong. Khomišene ya Dituelo tsa Ditirelo e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1992 go tlhokomela le go laola dituelo tsa ditirelo, go akaretsa le tsa Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Dipuso tsa diporofense ==
Boikarabelo jwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang bo neetswe State Water Agencies (SWAs) kgotsa mafapha a metsi a puso mo dinageng di le masome a mararo le borataro (36) tsa Nigeria. DWA di ikarabela mo dipusong tsa diporofense tsa bone, gantsi ka Lefapha la Diporofense la Metswedi ya Metsi. DWA e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi mo ditoropong, mme mo dinageng dingwe gape e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi kwa magaeng. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000, diporofense di le masome a mabedi le bobedi (22) di ne di na le ditheo tse di farologaneng tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi, tse bontsi jwa tsona di tlhomilweng go diragatsa lenaneo la UNICEF. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;Ka ngwaga wa 2010, puso ya Lagos e ne ya tlhoma Ofisi ya Puso ya Tsamaiso ya Metsi a a Leswe ka fa tlase ga Lekgotla la Naga la Metsi la Lagos. E ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a tsa boitekanelo go tswa go Lefapha la Tikologo la Puso. 

== Dipuso tsa selegae ==
Mekgatlho ya Puso ya Selegae (LGAs), e e nang le maloko a le 774, e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi a metsemagae le ditlamelo tsa kgeleloleswe mo mafelong a yona le fa e le gore ke ba le mmalwa fela ba ba nang le didiriswa le bokgoni jwa go rarabolola bothata jono. Ke dilegae di le mmalwa fela tse di nang le mafapha a a tlamelang ka metsi kwa magaeng.

== Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ==
Mo metseng mengwe ya selegae, go ile ga tlhomiwa dikomiti tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe (WASCOs) go tlhokomela le go tlhokomela mafelo a metsi. Dikomiti tseno di tshwanetse go duelela metsi a tsone. Baabi ba ba jaaka African Development Bank ba beile tlhokego ya gore bonnye 30% ya maloko a WASCO e tshwanetse go nna basadi. 59] Ka 1993, Puso e ne ya itlama go nonotsha seabe sa baagi mo tlamelong ya metsi kwa magaeng mo tokomaneng ya pholisi. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, pholisi e e ne e ise e anamisiwe kgotsa e tsenywe tirisong mo mananeong otlhe a a neng a duelelwa ke puso kgotsa ke baabi. 20]

== Setshaba sa baagi ==
Lefapha la metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi la kwa Nigeria le na le setšhaba se se matlhagatlhaga se se tsayang dikgato tse di farologaneng go rarabolola mathata a lefapha leno. Mokgatlho wa Metsi le Kgeleloleswe (NEWSAN) ke mokgatlho o o kopaneng wa mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya WASH, fa Water and Sanitation Media Network[60] e akaretsa babegadikgang ba ba begang ka lephata leno. Mokgatlho o o eteletseng pele o e seng wa mmuso mo lephateng le ke Bread of Life Development Foundation e e tsamaisang weblog ya eWASH ka ga dikgang tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Nigeria. 61]

=== Dintlha tsa madi ===
Ditheko le go busediwa 

Ditefiso tse di tlhomameng tsa dikgolagano tse di sa lekanyediwang. Bontsi jwa metswedi ya metsi ya kwa Nigeria ga e na dimetara. Palo ya go lekanya e farologana go tswa go 7% kwa Katsina go ya go 16% kwa Kaduna le 24% kwa Lagos ka 2007. Bareki ba ba sa diriseng metara ba duedisiwa tlhwatlhwa e e tlhomameng e e sa amaneng le selekanyo se ba se dirisang. Mo badirising ba matlo ba ba sa diriseng metara, tlhwatlhwa ya kgwedi le kgwedi e ne e le US$3 kwa Lagos, US$5 kwa Katsina le US$11 kwa Kaduna. Kwa Yobe state e ne e le Naira 100 (US$0.60) ka kgwedi, e leng selekanyo se se kwa tlase go gaisa mo nageng go ya ka Yobe State Water Corporation. Lotseno lwa ditefiso lo ne lwa duelela fela 2% ya ditshenyegelo tsa go tlamela metsi.[ 62]

Dithekesi tsa dikgokagano tse di nang le dimetara. Bareki ba ba dirisang dimetara ba duedisiwa tlhwatlhwa e e rileng, jaaka go ntse kwa Lagos, kgotsa tlhwatlhwa e e rileng e e oketsegang, jaaka go ntse kwa Katsina le Kaduna. Mo thulaganyong ya go oketsa tlhotlhwa ya ditshipi, tlhotlhwa ya metara ya dikhubiki e oketsega ka iketlo ka go simolola ka go dirisa 30 m3 ka kgwedi ka palogotlhe ya ditshipi di le 3 go ya go di le 6. Tlhwatlhwa ya matlo a ntlha a a rekisiwang ke US$0.19 ka m3 kwa Kaduna le US$0.44 ka m3 kwa Katsina. Ditheko tsa badirisi ba kgwebo le ba intaseteri di kwa godimo.[ Tekanyetso ya metsi e ne e le Naira 50 ka m3 (US$0.30) kwa Oyo state le Naira 16 ka m3 (US$0.10) kwa Taraba state ka 2009. 63]

Go kokoanya makgetho. Ditsamaiso tsa tshedimosetso tse di feletsweng ke nako le mekgwa e e sa dumalaneng ya go duedisa di baka ditshenyegelo tse di oketsegileng tsa lotseno. Selekanyo sa madi a a amogelwang se kwa tlase thata. Mo dikarolong dingwe e kwa tlase ga 10% ya madi a a duelwang. Go na le dikoloto tse dintsi tse di saletseng kwa morago, segolobogolo tsa ditheo tsa puso.

Go baakanya ditlhwatlhwa. Naga nngwe le nngwe e itlhomela tlhwatlhwa ya yone ya metsi. Diphetogo tsa ditefiso di tshwanetse go dumelwa ke Khansele ya Puso ya Khuduthamaga ka tsela e e tsayang lobaka lo loleele. E re ka ba sa kgone go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa bone tsa tiragatso, le go kgona go tlhomamisa diphetogo tsa ka metlha tsa tlhotlhwa, Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso e amogela thuso ya madi go tswa go dipuso tsa puso. 20]

Ditlhwatlhwa tsa barekisi. Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng mo barekising ba mo mebileng kwa Lagos, Kaduna le Katsina di bontsha gore ba duedisa madi a a fetang a a duelwang ke Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso ka makgetlo a le masome a mabedi (20). Madi a a duelwang, mo palong e e lekanyeditsweng thata ya tlamelo go tswa kwa barekising ba poraefete ba metsi, a ka nna ga nne go ya go ga lesome go feta ya kgwedi e le nngwe ya tlamelo e kgolo thata ya pompo. 20]

== Dipeeletso ==
Gore Nigeria e kgone go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Mileniamo a Tlhabololo a go tlamelwa ka metsi ka ngwaga wa 2015, naga eno e tlhoka go tsenya madi a a ka nnang dibilione di le makgolo a mabedi le lesome le botlhano (215) tsa diranta ka ngwaga. Nigeria ga jaana ga e tsenye madi a a fetang N82.5 billion (US$0.5 billion) mo lekaleng leno. 3] Bontsi jwa dipeeletso tseno di tlhokega go tsosolosa mafaratlhatlha a a sa tlhokomelweng sentle. Ga go a tlhomama gore a tekanyetso eno e akaretsa le go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse.

== Tlamelo ka madi ==
Le fa gone go lebeletswe gore mephato yotlhe e meraro ya puso e nne le seabe ka botlalo mo go tshegetseng ka madi dipeeletso tse di dirwang mo ditirelong tsa metsi le tsa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, gantsi dipuso tsa selegae ga di na madi a go dira jalo. Puso ya porofense le ya puso ya selegae le tsone di tlamela ka madi a mannye fela. Ka jalo, bontsi jwa metsi a setšhaba le ditlamelo tsa boitekanelo kwa Nigeria di duelelwa ke baabi. 64] Go kgaoganya lotseno lwa oli le lekgetho magareng ga maemo a a farologaneng a puso ke kgang e e masisi mo dipolotiking kwa Nigeria, e e kgaogantsweng magareng ga Bokone jwa Bamoseleme le Borwa jo bontsi jwa yone e leng jwa Sekeresete mme kwa kgaolo e le nngwe kwa Borwa e na le lotseno lotlhe lwa oli. Magareng ga ngwaga wa 1948 le ngwaga wa 2001, dikhomishene di le robongwe, ditaolo di le thataro tsa sesole, molao o le mongwe wa lekgotla la molao le dikatlholo di le pedi tsa Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang di lekile go tlhalosa dikamano tsa madi magareng ga dikarolo tsa lekgotla la koporasi ntle le go rarabolola bothata. 65] Madi a puso a a amogelang a akaretsa mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masome a ferangbongwe(90).

Tirisanommogo ya kwa ntle

Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika

Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2012, African Development Bank e dumetse kadimo e e sa tureng ya diranta di le dimilione di le lekgolo (100) go tokafatsa metsi le go phepafatsa mo toropong e e kwa bokone ya Zaria. Porojeke e tla tsenngwa tirisong ke Lekgotla la Metsi la Naga la Kaduna. 67] Gape e dumetse porojeke ya go tlamelwa ka metsi le go phepafatsa mo metsesetoropong kwa metseng ya Ibadan le Jalingo kwa Oyo le Taraba ka ngwaga wa 2009. Diporojeke tseno tse pedi tsa mo ditoropong di akaretsa go tsenngwa ga dimetara tsa metsi, go rotloetsa bophepa mmogo le go aga matlwana a boithomelo kwa dikolong, kwa ditleliniking tsa boitekanelo, kwa marekisetsong le kwa diparakeng. Go farologana le porojeke e ntšhwa ya kwa Zaria, porojeke e kgologolo e tshegetsa diphetogo mo maemong a puso go kgaoganya ditiro tsa taolo le tsa tiragatso, le go tsenngwa tirisanong ya puso le poraefete. Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika le yona e ne ya duelela diporojeke tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe ya metsi kwa metseselegaeng kwa dikgaolong tsa Yobe le Osun tse di neng tsa amogelwa ka ngwaga wa 2007. Porojeke e ne e ikaeletse go oketsa tiriso ya metsi a metsemagae le ditlamelo tsa kgeleloleswe mo diporofenseng tse pedi, e go neng go fopholediwa gore e kwa tlase ga 50% ka ngwaga wa 2006, go fitlha go 100% ka ngwaga wa 2012. Ditirelo tsa boitekanelo tse di agilweng ke matlwana a boithomelo a sanplat le matlwana a boithomelo a a ntlafaditsweng a a nang le phefo. 59]

African Development Bank e duelela ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa diporojeke tseno e sa tlhoke gore puso ya Nigeria e nne le seabe. African Development Bank e tsentse madi a le dimilione di lemakgolo a ferangbongwe le botlhano( 905) tsa didolara tsa Amerika mo lekaleng leno fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1971.[ 59]

=== China ===
Ka ngwaga wa 2005, China e ne ya saena tumalano ya thuso le Nigeria go epa diforo di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a ferangbongwe le boferabobedi (598) kwa dinageng di le 18 le FCT. 68] Ga go a tlhalosiwa gore thuso eno e tla nna bokae le gore e tla newa ke setheo sefe.

== Lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng ==
EU e tshegetsa Lenaneo la Diphetogo tsa Lefapha la Metsi le Kgeleloleswe mo diporofenseng di le thataro (Anambra, Cross River, Jigawa, Kano, Osun le Yobe) ka thuso ya madi ya di-euro di le dimilione di le masome a ferangbobedi le bosupa(87). Mmuso wa Nigeria, mo maemong otlhe a mararo a puso, le baagi ba selegae ba solofetswe go tsenya letsogo ka di-Euro di le dimilione di le 31 tse dingwe.[ 69]

=== JICA ===
JICA ke khutshwafatso ya Japan International Cooperation Agency[70] mme e tlamela ka dithuso tsa metsi a a phepa le tsa boitekanelo kwa dikgaolong tse tharo, Oyo, Kano le Yobe.[ 71]

=== UNICEF ===
UNICEF ((United Nations Children's Fund) e e kileng ya bo e itsiwe jaaka United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund[72] e tshegeditse tlamelo ya metsi kwa magaeng, tlhweko le bophepa mo metseng le dikolong go ralala naga go tloga ka 2002. Ditsereganyo tsa yone di ne tsa duelelwa ke DFID le European Commission. Go ile ga agiwa metswedi e mesha ya metsi a a phepa e le 6 960 (megogoro, didiba tse di epilweng le metswedi e e sireleditsweng) le matlwana a boithomelo a le 19 100. Dikolo tse di fetang 400 di tlametswe ka matlwana a boithomelo a a nang le ditlamelo tse di farologaneng tsa basimane le basetsana le mafelo a go tlhapa diatla. 73]

=== USAID ===
USAID ((United States Agency for International Development) [1] e tshegetsa tlamelo ya metsi kwa magaeng, boitekanelo le thuto ya boitekanelo kwa bokone jwa Nigeria, mo metseng e le masome a mane le borataro (46) kwa Bauchi, Kano le kwa Sokoto. USAID e dira mmogo le mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa Nigeria wa Women Farmers Advancement Network (WOFAN), Action Against Hunger (NGO) le WaterAid. 75][76]

=== WaterAid ===
WaterAid, e leng mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa kwa Boritane, o ne wa rotloetsa go kopanngwa ga thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, go tlamela ka metsi le go ruta batho ka tsa boitekanelo ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go dira dilo mo setšhabeng le go dirisa dithekenoloji tse di sa jeng madi a mantsi. E dira mmogo le mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya Nigeria, go akaretsa Benue NGO Network (BENGONET), Mokgatlho wa Metsi le Kgeleloleswe mo Nigeria (NEWSAN), Justice Development and Peace Initiative (JDPI), Community Based Development  ⁇  NGO (CBD-NGO), Women Empowerment In Nigeria (WEIN) le Bol Development Association (BOLDA). E dira mo ditoropong tse di fetang lekgolo (100) mo dinageng tsa Bauchi, Benue le Plateau. E tlhomile lenaane la maemo a a kwa tlase, le le theilweng mo dintlheng tse di akantshiwang ke baagi ka bobone, go thusa baagi go itlhophela ka bobone gore ke kae koo ba tshwanetseng go abela didirisiwa teng. Tsamaiso e e ntseng jalo ya go tsaya ditshwetso e e tsayang karolo e bile e le mo pontsheng e botlhokwa thata mo maemong a go se tshepane le puso e e bokoa. 77]

Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2012, e ne ya fiwa tiro ke puso ya go thusa go lekola le go sekaseka diporojeke tsa metsi, tsa boitekanelo le tsa boitekanelo tsa puso kwa Nigeria. Go ya ka Tona ya Metswedi ya Metsi, Moporesitente Goodluck Jonathan o na le kgatlhego mo tshekatshekong e e ikemetseng ya tiragatso ya lephata mme mekgatlho e e seng ya puso e beilwe sentle go dira tiro e. 78]

Banka ya Lefatshe

Banka ya Lefatshe e weditse diporojeke di le supa tsa metsi fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa  1985 mme e ne e na le diporojeke di le tharo tse di ntseng di tsweletse ka ngwaga wa 2010. Palogotlhe ya madi a a dirisitsweng mo diporojekeng tseno tse 10 e ka nna diranta di le dimilione di le dikete di le 2,4. Porojeke ya Ntlha ya Diphetogo tsa Metsesetoropo ya Metsi (US$120 million) e lebile ditoropo di le 13 kwa diporofenseng tsa Kaduna, Ogun le Enugu. Porojeke gape e ikaeletse go tlhoma dipholisi tsa metsi tsa puso, le go rotloetsa tirisanommogo le lekala la poraefete. Porojeke ya bobedi ya Urban Water Reform Project ya boleng jwa didolara di le dimilione di le 200, e tshegetsa katoloso ya mafaratlhatlha a diphaepe kwa Calabar, le tsosoloso ya dimela tsa go phepafatsa metsi le ditsamaiso tsa kabo kwa Lagos mmogo le ditoropo tse dingwe tse tharo kwa Cross River State.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Go Laola Metswedi ya Metsi Kwa Egepeto</title>
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      <text bytes="39234" sha1="2o03jac2ysr4ycl1zikik6tb43mkcyz" xml:space="preserve">'''Tlhokomelo ya metswedi ya metsi kwa Egepeto''' ke tirego e e raraaneng e e tsenyeletsang batsayakarolo ba le bantsi ba ba dirisang metsi go nosetsa, go tlamelwa ka metsi a mmasepala le a madirelo, go tlhagisa motlakase wa metsi le go tsamaisa dikepe. Mo godimo ga moo, metsi a Noka ya Nile a tlamela tikologo ya metsi e e tshosediwang ke go tsewa ga metsi le kgotlelo. Egepeto gape e na le metswedi e mentsi ya metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a a tswang mo matlakaleng a a epilweng kwa Sekakeng sa Bophirima.

Bothata jo bogolo jwa go laola metsi kwa Egepeto ke go tlhoka tekatekano ga metsi a a tlhokegang le a a sa tlhokegeng. Go tlhomamisa gore metsi a tla nna teng mo isagweng, go botlhokwa gore go nne le tirisanommogo le dinaga tse robongwe tse di bapileng le noka ya Nile. Thulaganyo ya Nile Basin Initiative e thusa gore go nne le tirisanommogo e e ntseng jalo. Mo dingwageng tsa bo1990 puso e ne ya simolola diporojeke tse dikgolo tse tharo go oketsa go nosetsa mo &quot;mafatsheng a masha&quot;. Di kwa kgaolong ya Toshka (&quot;Mokgatšha o Mosha&quot;), mo molelwaneng wa Delta ya Nile ya Bophirima, le kwa Bokone jwa Sinai. Diporojeke tseno tsotlhe di tlhoka metsi a mantsi a a ka kgonang go dirisiwa fela ka go nosetsa &quot;masimo a bogologolo&quot; a a setseng a noseditswe ka tsela e e botoka mmogo le go dirisa gape metsi a a tswang mo kgamelong le a a dirisitsweng.

Go lebeletswe gore tsamaiso ya metsi kwa Egepeto e nne thata fa phetogo ya tlelaemete e oketsa go fetofetoga ga maemo a bosa, e dira gore go nne le kgatelelo e e golang mo dinageng tse di kwa godimo ga metsi, e bile e dira gore metsi a lewatle a tlhatlogele kwa godimo, mme seno se tla dira gore metsi a letswai a tsenelele le go oketsa letswai le le mo mawatleng.

== Ditso ==
Letsha la Nasser kafa morago ga Letamo le Legolo la Aswan

Hisitori ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya segompieno kwa Egepeto e simolola ka go agiwa ga Letamo la bogologolo la Aswan ka ngwaga wa 1902 le go thibiwa ga metsi a Noka ya Nile mo lekgolong la bo19 le la bo20 la dingwaga. Letamo la bogologolo la Aswan le ne le boloka metsi a Noka ya Nile go dira gore go kgonege go jala dijalo di le dintsi ka ngwaga kwa Nokeng ya Nile, fa matamo a ne a tlhatlosa metsi a Noka ya Nile gore metsi a kgone go fetisediwa kwa dikanaleng tse dikgolo tsa go nosetsa tse di neng di tsamaisana le noka. Tsela e noka eno e laolwang ka yone e ne ya fetolwa thata ka ngwaga wa 1970 fa go ne go agiwa Letamo le Legolo la Aswan, le le neng la fedisa morwalela wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa Nile. Letamo leno le ne la lere mesola e megolo jaaka go oketsega ga metsi a a neng a le teng mo temothuong ya Egepeto, a a neng a dira gore go nne le lotseno lo lo kwa godimo le ditiro, go dirwa ga motlakase ka metsi, go laola merwalela, go tokafatsa tsela ya go tsamaya mo lewatleng le go dira gore go nne le mafelo a go tshwara ditlhapi mo Letsheng la Nasser. Mme gape go ne ga nna le ditlamorago tsa tikologo le tsa loago tse di akaretsang go fudusiwa ga batho, go latlhegelwa ke seretse se se nonneng se jaanong se kgobokanelang mo letamong le le kafa morago ga letamo, go tlala ga metsi go go kopaneng le go oketsega ga letswai la mmu le go oketsega ga kgogolego ya lotshitshi.

Bona gape: [[Letamo la Aswan § Ditlamorago tsa tikologo le tsa loago]]

Go sa amanngwe le go agiwa ga Letamo le Legolo la Aswan, boleng jwa metsi bo ne jwa senyega ka ntlha ya go boa ga metsi a a neng a tswa mo go one le go tshololwa ga metsi a a leswe a ditoropo le a madirelo a a neng a sa phepafadiwa. Go simolola ka bo1980 go phepafadiwa ga metsi a a leswe go ne ga tokafala mme boleng jwa metsi mo Nokeng ya Nile bo ne jwa tokafala gape ka iketlo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Martin Hvidt: [http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~jpap/hvidt.htm &quot;Water resource planning in Egypt&quot;,] in: Eric Watkins (Editor): ''The Middle Eastern Environment'', ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;1-898565-03-1&lt;/bdi&gt;, 1995&lt;/ref&gt;Go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1992, puso e ne e dira tshwetso ya gore ke dijalo dife tse balemirui ba tshwanetseng go di jala, mme seno se ne se dira gore balaodi ba kgone go isa metsi a a rileng mo mogobeng mongwe le mongwe go ya ka gore dijalo di tlhoka metsi a a kana kang. Ka ngwaga wa 1992 go ne ga nna le phetogo e kgolo fa mekgwa ya go lema e ne e gololwa mme balemirui ba ne ba gololesegile go jala se ba se batlang. Ka yone nako eo puso e ne ya simolola go naya mekgatlho ya badirisi ba metsi maikarabelo a go tsamaisa dikanala tsa makala, e leng se se neng se bidiwa &quot;go fetisa taolo ya go nosetsa&quot;. Mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1990 puso e ne ya simolola diporojeke tse dikgolo tse tharo tsa go nosetsa &quot;dinaga tse disha&quot; mo sekakeng.

== Dikarolo tsa motheo ==
Didirisiwa tse di leng teng

Mosele wa Ibrahimiya kwa Minya

Go laolwa ga metswedi ya metsi kwa Egepeto go ikaegile ka thulaganyo e e raraaneng ya mafaratlhatlha go ralala noka yotlhe. Karolo ya konokono ya kago eno ke Letamo le Legolo la Aswan le le bopang Letsha la Nasser. Letamo le Legolo le sireletsa Egepeto mo merwaleleng, le boloka metsi gore a nosediwe ngwaga otlhe e bile le ntsha motlakase ka metsi. E na le bokgoni jwa go boloka metsi a dikubita di le dibilione di le 90 mme e boloka metsi a a fetang halofo ya selekanyo sa metsi a Noka ya Nile ka ngwaga, ka go dira jalo e dira gore go nne le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa metsi mo nokeng eno fa se bapisiwa le dinoka tse dingwe tse di laolwang mo lefatsheng.

Go ela kwa tlase ga Letamo la Aswan, go na le matamo a le supa a a dirang gore metsi a noka a oketsege gore a kgone go elela mo dikanaleng tsa go nosetsa tsa maemo a ntlha. Nngwe ya tsone ke e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano(350) e leng Ibrahimiya Canal e e neng ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa 1873, e leng kanale e kgolo go di gaisa tsotlhe ya maitirelo mo lefatsheng. E tswa mo lotshitshing lo lo kafa molemeng lwa noka ya Nile kwa Assiut mme e bo e tsamaisana le noka eno. Go tshelwa ga metsi a yone go ne ga okediwa ke Letamo la Assiut le le neng la wediwa ka ngwaga wa 1903. Matamo a mangwe a magolo a teng kwa Esna le Naga Hammadi mo nokeng e kgolo ya Nile, mmogo le Delta Barrage, Zifta Barrage le Damietta Barrage mo lekaleng la Damietta le Edfina barrage mo lekaleng la Rosetta la Nile. Gape metsi a tswa mo Nokeng ya Nile a ya kwa Faiyum Oasis ka mosele o o bidiwang Bahr Yussef o o simologileng mo motlheng wa Bofaro. Go tswa mo lekadibeng leno e elela go ya kwa Birket Qarun (Letsha la Moesis). Mokorwana wa Metsi a a Monate o tswa kwa Cairo go ya kwa Ismailia mme Mokorwana wa Metsi a a Monate one o tsamaya ka go tshwana le Mokorwana wa Suez, o o tlamelang metse e e fa thoko ga Mokorwana ka metsi a a nowang. Dikanala tseno ka bobedi di ne tsa wediwa ka ngwaga wa 1863. Mosele wa Mahmoudiyah o golaganya noka ya Nile le Alexandria. E ne ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa 1820 mme e ne e le botlhokwa thata mo go tsamaiseng dikepe, mme gone jaanong e dirisediwa thata go nosetsa le go tlamela Alexandria ka metsi a a nowang.

Letamo la Delta mo lekaleng la Damietta la Noka ya Nile (go tswa kwa tlase ga noka)

== Thulaganyo e kgolo ya go nosetsa (go ya ka thulaganyo) ==
Dikanala tsa go nosetsa di kgaogantswe go nna dikanala tsa konokono (Rayah), dikanala tsa konokono (dikanala tsa maemo a ntlha), dikanala tsa makala (dikanala tsa maemo a bobedi), dikanala tsa kabo (mesqas, kgotsa dikanala tsa maemo a boraro) le mesele ya nosetso (Merwas).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[http://ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/b48/05002288.pdf M.N. Allam, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University:Participatory Irrigation Water Management in Egypt]: Review and Analysis, Option méditerranéennes Series B, n° 48, no date (probably 2004). Retrieved 15 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;Go elela ga metsi mo ditseleng tse dikgolo le tse dikgolo go tswelela pele; mo ditseleng tsa makala le tsa kabo go a dikologa. Le fa go ntse jalo, puso e tshegetsa thulaganyo ya go fetola mengwe ya dikanala tsa maemo a a kwa tlase ka iketlo gore e nne e e elelang e sa kgaotse. Balemirui ba pompa metsi go tswa mo mesqas go nosetsa masimo (go tsholetsa: mo e ka nnang 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 m).&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:FAO|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:]] Aquastat: Country profile Egypt. Retrieved 15 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;Mesqa gantsi e na le bogolo jwa masome a matlhano (50) go ya go makgolo a mabedi (200) feddan (20 go ya go 80 hectares).Mo dikgaolong tse go senang thulaganyo ya semmuso ya go tsamaisa metsi sentle, badirisi ba kwa bofelong gantsi ga ba bone metsi a a lekaneng go tlhokomela dijalo. Mekgatlho ya badirisi ba metsi e ne ya tlhamiwa go simolola ka dingwaga tsa bo1990 go aba metsi botoka mo balemiruing ka mesqa le go dira gore go pompiwa ga metsi go nne bonolo, ka maikaelelo a go fokotsa go gogiwa ga metsi, ditshenyegelo tsa go pompiwa ga metsi le go oketsa thobo.

Ka ngwaga wa 1994 Egepeto e ne e na le dikilometara tse di ka nnang 30 000 tsa dikanale tsa botlhe (maemo a ntlha le a bobedi), dikilometara tse 17 000 tsa matlwana a metsi a botlhe, dikilometara di le 80 000 tsa dikanale tsa poraefete tsa maemo a boraro (mesqas) le mesele ya nosetso, didiriswa tsa go tsholetsa metsi tsa poraefete di le 450 000 (sakias kgotsa dipompo), dikago tsa taolo ya metsi tsa setšhaba di le 22 000 le diteishene tse dikgolo tsa pompo tsa setšhaba di le 670 tsa nosetso.&lt;ref&gt;Martin Hvidt: [http://www.netcomuk.co.uk/~jpap/hvidt.htm &quot;Water resource planning in Egypt&quot;], in: Eric Watkins (Editor): ''The Middle Eastern Environment'', ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;1-898565-03-1&lt;/bdi&gt;, 1995&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ntshiwa ga metsi ka go a ntsha mo tlase ga lefatshe le ka go a kgatsha go botlhokwa thata go thibela go senyega ga thobo ya dijalo ka ntlha ya go nna letswai ga mmu le go nna le metsi a mantsi. Ka  ngwaga wa 2003 diheketara tse di fetang dimilione di le bobedi (2) di ne di na le thulaganyo ya kgelelo ya metsi kwa tlase ga lefatshe mme mo e ka nnang dimilione di le dikete di le 7,2 tsa dimetara di le dikubita tsa metsi di ne di gelelwa ngwaga le ngwaga go tswa mo mafelong a a nang le dithulaganyo tseno. Palogotlhe ya ditshenyegelo tsa dipeeletso mo go tsa kgelelo ya metsi mo temothuong mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi le bosupa (27) go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1973 go ya go ngwaga wa 2002 e ne e le mo e ka nnang dibilione di le 3,1 tsa didolara tsa Amerika tse di akaretsang ditshenyegelo tsa go tlhama, go aga, go tlhokomela, go dira dipatlisiso le go thapisa. Mo nakong eno diporojeke di le lesome le bongwe (11) tse dikgolo di ne tsa tsenngwa tirisong ka tshegetso ya madi go tswa kwa World Bank le batlamedi ba bangwe ba madi.&lt;ref&gt;Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egyptian Public Authority for Drainage Projects, Drainage Research Institute, 2006[https://web.archive.org/web/20191117161919/http://www.csdwand.net/data/sheet.asp?cn=Egypt&amp;fn=LA0648 : ''The National Drainage and Drainage Water Reuse Programs, Egypt'',] Local Actions at the 4th World Water Forum, 2 March 2007. Retrieved 28 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Thulaganyo ya go Tokafatsa go Nosetsa ===
Go somarela metsi mo temothuong ke selo sa botlhokwa se se lebeletsweng mo thulaganyong ya metsi ya Egepeto e e diretsweng go thusa batho ba ba ntseng ba oketsega ba ba nang le metswedi e e lekanyeditsweng ya metsi. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ile ga nna le kganetsano e e rileng malebana le gore go ka bolokiwa metsi a le kana kang mo temothuong le gore go ka dirwa jang gore go bolokiwe metsi. Le fa bokgoni jwa go nosetsa jwa &quot;selo se se tlwaelegileng&quot; bo ka nna kwa tlase ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga nosetso ya morwalela, bokgoni jwa tsamaiso ka kakaretso  ⁇  &quot;bokgoni jo bo nonofileng jwa nosetso&quot;  ⁇  bo kwa godimo thata ka ntlha ya go boa ga melapo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Ka jalo maano a go boloka metsi kwa Egepeto ga a tsepamise mogopolo thata mo go diriseng dithekenoloji tsa go nosetsa tse di bolokang metsi jaaka go nosetsa ka go kgatsha kgotsa go kgatsha ka go rotha. Go na le moo, di theilwe mo go lemogeng gore fa balemirui ba sa kgone go laola nako le selekanyo sa metsi, ba nosetsa ka bonako thata mme ba dirisa metsi a mantsi thata.

Bokgoni jwa go boloka metsi mo temothuong ya Egepeto bo ne jwa tlhatlhobiwa la ntlha ka diporojeke tsa tekelelo ka fa tlase ga USAID e e neng e tshegeditse Egypt Water Use and Management Project (EWUP) e e simolotseng ka ngwaga wa 1977. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://srv1.eulc.edu.eg/eulc_v5/Libraries/Thesis/BrowseThesisPages.aspx?fn=PublicDrawThesis&amp;BibID=11279375 |title=Mohammed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa Elsanabary |access-date=2026-06-11 |archive-date=2024-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624092643/http://srv1.eulc.edu.eg/eulc_v5/Libraries/Thesis/BrowseThesisPages.aspx?fn=PublicDrawThesis&amp;BibID=11279375 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;Ditlhatlhobo di bontshitse gore go boloka metsi, go botlhokwa go letla balemirui go nna le seabe se segolo mo tsamaisong ya nosetso ka mekgatlho ya badirisi ba metsi, go tlamela ka phallo e e tswelelang go na le phallo e e dikologang mo mesqas, go emisetsa motho ka go pompa mmogo, le go tlhama tirelo ya kgakololo ya nosetso. &quot;Leano la ngwaga wa 1980 la Tlhabololo ya go Nosetsa Kwa Egepeto go Fitlha ka Ngwaga wa 2000&quot; le ne le setse le akantse ka go tokafatsa taolo le kabo ya metsi a nosetso jaaka kgato ya ntlha ya leano. Seno se ne se tla latelwa ke tlhabololo ya ditsamaiso tsa nosetso ya masimo le tlhotlhwa e e tlhamaletseng ya metsi a nosetso. Go ikaegile ka dithuto tsa EWUP[7]&lt;ref&gt;Egyptian Water Use Management Project (EWUP), 1984. [[:en:Water_resources_management_in_Egypt#cite_note-7|''Improving Egypt's Irrigation System in the Old Lands, Final Report''. Colorado State University and Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources]]&lt;/ref&gt; le leano la nosetso, puso e ne ya tlhoma Lenaneo la Bosetšhaba la Tokafatso ya Nosetso (IIP) ka ngwaga wa 1984, le le neng la amogelwa ke Kokoano Bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa 1985. Go tsenngwa tirisong ga yone go simolotse, gape ka tshegetso ya USAID, mo mafelong a le lesome le bongwe, go simolola ka Serri Canal ka di feddan di le 120 000 (50,400 ha) kwa Minya Governorate. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Porojeke eno e ne ya emisetsa di-mesqas tsa bogologolo tse di neng di le kwa tlase ka di-mesqas tse di tsholeditsweng, tse metsi a neng a tla elela go ya kwa masimong ka maatla a kgogedi kgotsa ka diphaepe tse di neng di tsentswe mo tlase ga metsi. Mekgwa ya boenjineri jwa boleng e dirisitswe go sekaseka mokgwa o o botoka wa mesqa o o ikaelelang mo tlhotlhweng e e kwa tlase ntle le go ama boleng jwa mokgwa o mongwe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.waterlog.info/pdf/irrimpr.pdf ''Impacts of the Irrigation Improvement Projects in Egypt'',] Consultancy Report to the Egyptian-Dutch Advisory Panel on Land Drainage and Drainage Related Water Management by R.J. Oosterbaan, International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI), Wageningen, The Netherlands, 1999. Retrieved 28 April 2010&lt;/ref&gt;Ka ngwaga wa1998 go ne go setse go tlhomilwe makgotla a badirisi ba metsi a ka nna 1,100 mme go ne go setse go tlhabolotswe ditsamaiso tsa go nosetsa di feddan di le 129,000.[ Porojeke e ne ya fokotsa tatlhegelo ya metsi, ya tokafatsa boleng jwa metsi kwa ntlheng ya mesqas, ya dira gore go nne le metsi a mantsi a a neng a le teng mo balemiruing kwa ntlheng ya dikanala, ya boloka lefatshe ka ntlha ya bogolo jo bonnye jwa mesqas e ntšhwa, ya fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa go pompa ka go feta 50% le go oketsa thobo magareng ga 5% le 30%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Go agelela mo katlegong eno, kgopolo ya go nna le seabe ga balemirui mo tsamaisong ya nosetso e ne ya atolosediwa kwa dikanaleleng tsa makala ka go tlhamiwa ga Mokgatlho wa Badirisi ba Metsi a Dikanale tsa Dikala (BCWUAs) go simolola ka 1997 kwa dikanalelong tsa Qemri, Bahr el Dahram le Balaqtar (Egypt e e kwa tlase) le El Reity canal (Egypt e e kwa godimo), mmogo le kwa Fayoum. Tsamaiso eno e ne ya tshegediwa ke diporojeke tse pedi tse di neng di duelelwa ke USAID, e leng porojeke ya LIFE (Livelihood and Income from the Environment) (2005 ⁇ 2008) le porojeke ya Integrated Water Resources Management II (2009 ⁇ 2012).&lt;ref&gt;Dr. Mark Svendsen, Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist, and Dr. Wadie Fahim, Monitoring and Evaluation Coordinator (September 2012). [http://www.iwrm2eg.org/report/IWRMII/Report_35_ME_FINAL_PROJECT_ME.pdf &quot;Integrated Water Resources Management II: Final Project M&amp;E Report&quot;] (PDF). USAID. Retrieved 25 November 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1996 go ya pele, Banka ya Lefatshe le banka ya ditlhabololo ya Jeremane ya KfW di ne tsa tshegetsa IIP ka maikaelelo a magolo a go oketsa ntshokuno ya temothuo le lotseno. Jaaka karolo ya porojeke eno, mekgatlho ya badirisi ba metsi e le 2,906 e ne ya tlhomiwa go nosetsa di feddan tse di fetang 200 000 (diheketara di le 84 000) kwa Western Delta (Mahmoudia) le kwa Northern Delta (Manaifa le Wasat). Le fa go ntse jalo, lotseno lo lo phepa lo oketsegile fela ka 6 ⁇ 9% ka ntlha ya ditshenyegelo tse di fokoditsweng tsa go pompa fa go bapisiwa le seelo sa 30%, ka jalo porojeke e ne ya tsewa e le &quot;e e kgotsofatsang go le gonnye&quot; ke Banka ya Lefatshe ka ngwaga wa 2007.&lt;ref&gt;World Bank:[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/07/18/000090341_20070718094251/Rendered/PDF/ICR0000442.pdf Implementation Completion and Results Report: Irrigation Improvement Project,] 29 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;

Go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1996 puso gape e ne ya simolola go tlhoma mekgatlho ya badirisi ba kgelelo ya metsi (DUAs) go laola dikanale tsa kgelelo ya metsi ka kakaretso. Le fa go ntse jalo, makgotla ano a ne a sa ntse a le kwa thoko mme go lebega, balemirui ba sa kgatlhegele go itsamaisa mo mererong ya kgelelo ya metsi fela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa go tsosolosa naga ya sekaka ===
Go ne ga simololwa diporojeke di le tharo tse dikgolo mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo1990 go nosetsa se go tweng ke &quot;dinaga tse disha&quot; tse di kwa ntle ga Mokgatšha wa Nile. Go ya ka pono ya metsi, pharologano e kgolo magareng ga mafatshe a masha le a bogologolo ke gore metsi a a tswang mo go one ga a kgone go boela kwa mafelong a a kwa tlase, jaaka fa go ntse ka go nosetsa mo mafelong a bogologolo a a mo Mokgatšheng wa Nile.

=== Porojeke ya Tlhabololo ya Sinai Bokone ===
Porojeke ya Tlhabololo ya Bokone jwa Sinai e akaretsa Al-Salam Canal fa pele ga Damietta Lock and Dam ka maikaelelo a go busetsa di feddan di le dikete di le makgolona mabedi le bobedi (220) kwa bophirima jwa Suez Canal, tse di feddan di le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a ferangbobedi (180) tsa tsone di setseng di noseditswe. Siphone e ne ya agiwa ka ngwaga wa 1997 ka fa tlase ga Suez Canal go tlisa metsi kwa Sinai ka Al-Sheikh Gaber Al-Sabah Canal go busetsa 400 000 feddan kwa botlhaba jwa Suez Canal.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mwri.gov.eg/En/project_sinai.html Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation]: North Sinai Development Project Archived 30 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Porojeke ya New Valley ===
Porojeke ya New Valley, kgotsa porojeke ya Toshka, ke thulaganyo ya dikanala tse di dikologileng Sheikh Zayed Canal, e e nosediwang go tswa kwa Letsheng la Nasser go ralala Mubarak Pumping Station go nosetsa diheketara di le 234 000 kwa Sahara. Porojeke e simolotse ka ngwaga wa 1997, seteišene sa pompo se weditswe ka ngwaga wa 2003 mme porojeke yotlhe e rulaganyeditswe go wediwa pele ga ngwaga wa 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Go ne go solofetswe gore babeeletsi ba poraefete ba tla feleletsa go aga dikanala tse di tlisang metsi kwa balemiruing. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2012, dipeeletso tseno di ne tsa salela kwa morago thata, ka jalo melemo e e neng e tla tlisiwa ke porojeke eno e ne e le kwa tlase thata go feta kafa go neng go solofetswe ka teng.

=== Porojeke ya West Delta ===
Porojeke ya Mafaratlhatlha a go Tokafatsa go Nosetswa ga Metsi kwa Kgaolong ya Delta ya Bophirima e ikaeletse go tokafatsa nosetsô mo go feddan e le dikete di le masome a matlhano (500), go tsosolosa feddan e le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a supa (170) le go tsosolosa mafaratlhatlha a a direlang feddan e le dikete di le masome a mabedi le masome a matlhano (250). Porojeke e ke tirisanommogo ya puso le poraefete e e rulagantsweng jaaka leano la motswako le le ikaegileng segolo thata ka mokgwa wa go dira-aga-o-dirise (DBO). &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mwri.gov.eg/En/westdeltaproject1.html Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation:Infrastructure Project for Irrigation Improvement in the West Delta Region] Archived 23 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;Mo thulaganyong eno motsamaisi wa poraefete o tla tlhama le go aga thulaganyo eno, a bo a e dirisa dingwaga di le masome a mararo (30), go akaretsa le patlisiso e e amanang le yone le dikotsi tsa kgwebo. Setheo sa puso se tla nna le dithoto tse di duelang porojeke eno. Go ya ka Banka ya Lefatshe, thulaganyo ya go dira ditshwetso go tloga ka nako ya fa go ne go dirwa thulaganyo eno go fitlha ka nako ya fa e diragadiwa e ne e akaretsa go nna le badirisi ba metsi go tloga ka nako ya fa go ne go dirwa thulaganyo eno go fitlha ka nako ya fa go ne go tlhomiwa lekgotla la badirisi ba metsi. Lotseno lo tshwanetse go tla ka dithekete tsa dikarolo tse pedi, tse di akaretsang tefo e e tlhomameng e e ikaegileng ka bogolo jwa lefatshe le tefo e e lekanyeditsweng e e ikaegileng ka tiriso ya metsi. Ka ngwaga wa 2012, puso e ntšha ya Egepeto e ne ya emisa porojeke eno.

== Metswedi ya metsi ==

=== Ditlamelo tsa ga gompieno ===
Egepeto e ikaegile ka masome a ferangbongwe le bosupa ( 97%) ya metsi a yone go tswa mo Nokeng ya Nile. Pula e nnye ka lesome le borobabobedi (18 mm) ka ngwaga, mme e na thata ka nako ya letlhabula le mariga. Tumalano ya metsi a Nile ya ngwaga wa 1959 magareng ga Egepeto le Sudan e abela Egepeto dikhubikimetara di le dibilione di le 55,5 tsa metsi ka ngwaga, kwa ntle ga go tlhalosa gore go tla abelwa metsi a a kana kang kwa dintshing tsa noka kwa ntle ga Sudan (dikhubikimetara di le dibilione di le 18,5 ka ngwaga). Go dumelwa gore tota metsi a a dirisiwang ke Egepeto a feta a a neng a abelwa go ya ka tumalano ya ngwaga wa 1959. Ga go na tumalano epe ya go kgaoganya metsi fa gare ga dinaga tsotlhe tse di lesome tse di bapileng le Noka ya Nile. Le fa go ntse jalo, dinaga tse di bapileng le Noka ya Nile di dirisana mmogo ka thulaganyo ya Nile Basin Initiative.

Egepeto e na le ditsha tse nne tse dikgolo tsa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe: Nile Aquifer, Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, Moghra Aquifer magareng ga Bophirima jwa Nile Delta le Qattara Depression, le ditsha tsa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe mo lotshitshing lwa Bokone-Bophirima. Noka ya Nile, Moghra le Noka e e fa Lotshitshing di kgona go ntšhafadiwa. Sedirisiwa sa Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System se se nang le metsi a a foreshe a le dimilione di le dikete di le 150 000 m3, a a lekanang le selekanyo sa metsi a a elelang mo nokeng ya Nile ngwaga le ngwaga ka makgetlo a le dikete tse tharo (3 000), ga se kgone go ntšhafadiwa. E kgabagantswe le Sudan, Chad le Libya. &lt;ref&gt;The Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation; Arab Republic of Egypt (2005), [http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/11/09/000160016_20051109091008/Rendered/PDF/341800EGY0whit11public10Action0Plan.pdf Integrated Water Resources Management Plan] . Retrieved 7 November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;Metswedi ya metsi e e seng ya tlwaelo ya Egepeto e akaretsa go dirisa metsi a a tswang mo temothuong, go ntsha letswai mo metsing a a letswai, go ntsha letswai mo metsing a a letswai le go dirisa gape metsi a a leswe a mo ditoropong&lt;ref&gt;The Encyclopedia of Earth (2008), [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Water_profile_of_Egypt Water profile of Egypt]. Retrieved 2009-01-10,&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditlamelo tsa iasgo ==
Go fopholediwa gore ka ngwaga wa 2025 palo ya batho ba kwa Egepeto e tla oketsega go nna dimilione di le masome a ferangbongwe (90) go tswa go dimilione di le masome a supa le botlhano (75) ka ngwaga wa  2008, mme seno se tla dira gore metsi a a leng teng a fokotsege go tswa go 800 go ya go 600 m3 ka ngwaga fa go tsewa gore metsi otlhe a a leng teng a nna a ntse a le teng. Maemo a a ntseng a fetoga kwa Sudan, Ethiopia kgotsa kwa dinageng tse dingwe tse di bapileng le noka a ka nna a dira gore metsi a se ka a nna teng kwa Egepeto, ka sekai, ka go dirisa metsi a mantsi go nosetsa. Le fa go ntse jalo, gape di ka oketsa metsi a a leng teng, ka sekai, ka go gelela metsi mo mafelong a a jaaka Sudd, kwa metsi a mantsi gone jaanong a mowafalang gone.

Ka jalo, re ka konela ka gore, go fetoga ga tlelaemete go ka nna ga ama metsi a a leng teng kwa Egepeto, le fa gone go sa itsiwe gore diphetogo tseno di tla direga ka tsela efe. Go ya ka Nahla Abou El-Fotouh wa National Water Research Centre (NWRC) &quot;Baitse bangwe ba re go tlaa nna le koketsego ya metsi ka dipula tse dintsi go tswa kwa Ethiopia, mme bangwe ba re go tlaa nna le phokotsego ka ntlha ya mowafalo wa metsi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: IRIN (Integrated Regional Information Networks): [http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=77062 Egypt: Scientists uncertain about climate change impact on Nile,] 2 March 2008&lt;/ref&gt;Go ya ka Mohamed al-Raey, porofesa wa dithuto tsa tikologo kwa Yunibesithing ya Alexandria, dipatlisiso dingwe di bonela pele go fokotsega ga go nna teng ga metsi a Noka ya Nile ka diperesente di le masome a supa (70), fa dipatlisiso tse dingwe di bonela pele go oketsega ga metsi a Noka ya Nile ka diperesente di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (25)&lt;ref&gt;M. Ray:[http://www.ess.co.at/GAIA/CASES/EGY/impact.html#Water Impact of Climate Change on Egypt, Chapter 1:] Water Resources, GAIA Case Study, no date. Retrieved 15 November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ntshiwa ga metsi a lewatle letswai, e leng selo se se setseng se dirisiwa mo mafelong mangwe a boikhutso a Lewatle le Lehibidu, gape go ka direga gore e nne selo se se botlhokwa thata se se tla tlamelang metse ka metsi mo mafelong a a gaufi le lotshitshi lwa Egepeto. Sekao, ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa  2009 West Delta Electricity Production Company e ne ya abelwa konteraka ya semotlakase ka 10,000 m3/day ya semela sa metsi a lewatle gaufi le Alexandria.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ameinfo.com/214325.html Aquatech wins desalination project in Egypt.] Retrieved 15 November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Go tlhotlhwa ga metsi a a se nang letswai go ka nna botlhokwa thata.&lt;ref&gt;El-Kady M. and El-Shibini F., National Water Research Center, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120811032539/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&amp;cpsidt=972539 Desalination in Egypt and the future application in supplementary irrigation] Archived 11 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine, 2001. Retrieved 15 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlamorago tsa go tlhatloga ga metsi a lewatle kwa Nile Delta ===
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) e solofetse gore metsi a lewatle a tla tlhatloga ka masome a ferangbongwe le borobabobedi (98 cm) mo maemong a a maswe go gaisa otlhe a a sekasekilweng, le ka masome a mabedi le boferabobedi (28 cm) mo maemong a a siameng go gaisa otlhe, ka dikete tse pedi le motso (2100).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]:Fifth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers, p. 25&lt;/ref&gt; Go ya ka dipatlisiso tse di nopotsweng ke IPCC, phetogo ya tlelaemete e ka baka tatlhegelo ya &quot;karolo e e bonalang ya karolo e e kwa bokone ya noka ya Nile&quot; ka ntlha ya &quot;kgotlhang ya merwalela le kgogolego&quot;. Go tlhatloga ga metsi a lewatle ka dimetara di le 0,5 go tla baka tatlhegelo e e fopholediwang ya lefatshe, ditshiamelo le bojanala jwa go feta diranta di le dibilione di le 3,2 mo porofenseng ya Alexandria fela, go kgaoganya toropo ya Alexandria le Delta. Kgogolego e ne e setse e oketsegile kwa Nile Delta fa e sale go agiwa Aswan High Dam ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 e e neng ya tshwara bontsi jwa matlapana a Nile. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090720102200/http://earthtrends.wri.org/updates/node/235 Crystal Davis, World Resources Institute:Sea Level Rise Threatens Nile Delta Ecosystems and Livelihoods], Archived 20 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine 27 August 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;Mo godimo ga moo, ditatlhegelo tsa lefatshe la temothuo di tla diragala ka ntlha ya go tswina ga mmu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Jack Shenker, ''The Guardian'': Nile Delta: [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/aug/21/climate-change-nile-flooding-farming 'We are going underwater. The sea will conquer our lands',] 21 August 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Selekanyo se noka ya Nile e tlhaselwang ke go tlhatloga ga metsi a lewatle ka sone se farologana. Patlisiso e nngwe e fopholetsa gore masome a mararo (30%) ya Delta le lebopo la Alexandria le ka tlhaselwa, 55% ke &quot;e e sa tlhaselweng&quot; mme lesome le botlhano (15%) e sireleditswe ka tsela ya maitirelo ka ngwaga wa 2003.&lt;ref&gt;O.E. Frihy, Coastal Research Institute, Alexandria: [[doi:10.1023/A:1026015824714|The Nile delta-Alexandria coast: vulnerability to sea-level rise, consequences and adaptation, in: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change]], Volume 8, Number 2, June 2003, pp. 115–138. Retrieved 15 November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;Mafelo a a kotsi thata mo teng le gaufi le Delta a akaretsa dikarolo tsa Alexandria, Behaira, Damietta le Port Said. Go ya ka Omran Frihy, mmatlisisi yo o tlogetseng tiro wa kwa mabopong, balaodi ba dirisa diranta di le dimilione di le makgolo a mararo (300) go aga dipota tsa konkoreite go sireletsa mabopo a lewatle a Alexandria. Motlhaba o a latlhelwa mo mafelong mangwe go tlatsa mabopo a a nyelelang.&lt;ref&gt;Anna Johnson, Associated Press[http://www.enn.com/climate/article/22263 :Global Warming Causing Mediterranean Sea to Rise, Threatening Egypt's Lush Nile Delta,] 24 August 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ya ka pego ya The Guardian, badiredibagolo bangwe ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba tikologo ba Egepeto ga ba dumele gore phetogo ya tlelaemete e teng kgotsa ba dumela gore bothata jono bo bogolo thata mo e leng gore go tsenelela ga motho ga go na mosola. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Tiriso ya metsi ==
Kabelo ya go dirisa metsi kwa Egepeto

Lefelo le legolo le le dirisang metsi kwa Egepeto ke la temothuo, le latelwa ke la mmasepala le la madirelo. Go tsewa ga metsi otlhe ka ngwaga wa 2000 go ne go lekanyeditswe go nna 68.3 km3.

=== Temothuo le go dirisiwa gape ga metsi a kgelelo ===
Tshedimosetso e e malebana le go dirisiwa ga metsi mo temothuong kwa Egepeto ga e tlhomame e bile gantsi e a ganetsana. Naga yotlhe e e dirisediwang go nosetsa e ne e le diheketara di le dimilione di le 3,4 ka ngwaga wa 2002; diperesente di le masome a ferangbobedi le botlhano (85) tsa naga eno di kwa Mokgatšheng wa Nile le Delta. Temothuo e dirisitse mo e ka nnang masome a matlhano le boferabongwe (59 km3) ya metsi a a foreshe ka ngwaga wa 2000 (86 lekgolong ya palogotlhe e e dirisitsweng). Metsi otlhe a a tswang kwa Egepeto e e kwa godimo, kwa borwa jwa Cairo, a boela kwa nokeng ya Nile le kwa dikanaleleng tsa go nosetsa; selekanyo seno se lekanyediwa go nna dikilometara di le nne(4) ka ngwaga. Metsi a kgelelo ya metsi mo Nile Delta a lekanyetswa go nna lesome le bone (14 km3/yr).&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:FAO|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations:]] Aquastat: Country profile Egypt. Retrieved 15 November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Jaaka go umakilwe fa tlase, mo e ka nnang  lesome (10 km3/)ngwaga ya metsi a a tswang mo metsing a a phepa a Delta a pompiwa go ya kwa lewatleng. Go dirisiwa gape ga metsi a kgelelo go dirwa ka ditsela tse tharo tse di farologaneng:

* Go dirisiwa gape ga metsi ka tsela ya semmuso ka go dirisa diteishene tsa go pompa metsi tse di pompang metsi go tswa mo matlakaleng go ya kwa dikaleng tsa go nosetsa. Seno se dira gore go nne le mo e ka nnang 4.5 BCM/ngwaga kwa Delta le 0.9 BCM/ngwaga kwa Upper Egypt le Faiyoum.

* Go dirisiwa gape go go sa itsegeng go go dirwang ke balemirui ka bobone fa ba sena metsi a a lekaneng a a tswang mo dikanaleng. Kwa Delta fela, go fopholediwa gore e ka nna 2,8 BCM/ngwaga.

* Tiriso gape e e sa tlhamalalang go tswa mo matlakaleng a metsi kwa Egepeto e e kwa godimo a a elelang mo Nokeng ya Nile, e e ka nnang 4 BCM/ngwaga.

=== Ditiriso tse dingwe ===
'''Motlakase wa metsi.''' Tiriso e e botlhokwa ya metsi kwa Egepeto ke ya go fetlha maatla a motlakase ka metsi. Tiriso eno ga e dirisediwe go jewa mme ka jalo e teng go dirisediwa ditiro tse dingwe tse di kwa tlase. Diteishene tsa motlakase wa metsi di teng kwa Letamong le Legolo la Aswan (2100 MW), Letamo la bogologolo la Aswan (270 MW) le ditheo tsa motlakase kwa Esna (90 MW) le Naga Hammadi di-dam (64 MW). Mmogo dimela tseno di ne di le 16% ya motlakase o o tlhagisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 2004.[ [30] Kabelo ya maatla a metsi mo tlhagisong ya motlakase e a fokotsega ka gonne maatla a motlakase a metsi a dirisiwa thata mme tlhokego ya motlakase e oketsega ka bonako.

'''Tsela ya go tsamaya'''. Noka ya Nile gape e botlhokwa mo go tsamaiseng dikepe, segolobogolo mo bojanala, e leng se se dirang gore go nne botlhokwa gore metsi a Noka ya Nile a elele ka selekanyo se sennye ngwaga otlhe.

'''Tikologo.''' Noka ya Nile gape e na le ditiro tsa ekholoji tse di tlhokang gore go nne le selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa metsi, segolobogolo mo matsheng a a nang le metsi a a letswai a a mo Delta (bona fa tlase mo karolong ya biodiversity).

'''Go latlhelwa mo lewatleng'''. Metsi a a tswang mo metsing a a nang le letswai le lentsi thata gore a ka dirisiwa mo temothuong a tswa mo dikanaleng tsa metsi a a tswang mo metsing a Delta a bo a ya kwa lewatleng le kwa matsheng a a kwa bokone a dirisiwa ke diteishene tsa pompo tsa metsi a a tswang mo metsing. Palogotlhe ya metsi a kgelelo ya metsi a a neng a pompiwa go ya kwa lewatleng ka ngwaga wa 1995/96 e ne ya lekanyediwa go 12.4 BCM. Seno se akaretsa go ka nna 2.0 BCM/ngwaga wa metsi a lewatle a a tsenang mo dikagong tsa metsi mo Delta.&lt;ref&gt;Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation / US Agency for International Development: Agricultural Policy Reform Program:[http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf Survey of Nile System Pollution Sources,] September 2002, Report No. 64, p. E-1&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dilo tse di amanang le tikologo ==

=== Boleng jwa metsi a a fa godimo ===
Boleng jwa metsi a Noka ya Nile bo a fokotsega fa noka e ntse e elela. Letsha la Nasser le na le metsi a a nang le boleng jo bo siameng a a nang le selekanyo se sennye fela sa dilo tse di tshelang, e leng se se dirang gore metsi a lone e nne one a a tsewang a le botlhokwa thata go lekanya boleng jwa metsi a a mo nokeng le mo dikaleng tsa yone. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Egyptian Drainage Research Institute, yearbook 1995/1996&lt;/ref&gt;Go ya ka dipego tsa Setheo sa Egepeto sa Dikgang Tsa Tikologo, ka ngwaga wa 2007 palogare ya dilo tse di tshelang tse di neng di dirisiwa mo diporofenseng di le lesome le bongwe (11) tse di bapileng le Noka ya Nile e ne e le kwa tlase ga selekanyo se se letleletsweng sa 6 mg/litara ya okosejene e e tlhokegang mo mmeleng (BOD). Seno se dirwa ke gore Noka ya Nile e kgona go ikapesa ka bonako. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo go one ngwaga oo, selekanyo sa okosejene e e dirisiwang mo dikhemikaleng se ne se feta selekanyo se se letleletsweng sa lesome (10 mg/litara) mo diporofenseng di le supa (7) mo go tse lesome le bongwe (11).

Go ya ka patlisiso e e tseneletseng e e dirilweng ka 2002 ke setlhopha sa babatlisisi ba ba neng ba berekela Lefapha la Metsi le go Nosetsa le USAID, metsi a Noka ya Nile a ne a le mantle le fa gone go ne go na le dilo tse dintsi tse di tshelang tse di neng di ntshiwa mo metsing a a neng a elela go tswa mo matlakaleng le mo ditirong dingwe tsa madirelo. Kgotlelo ya metsi e maswe thata mo ditseleng tsa kgelelo ya metsi (dithanele), segolobogolo mo ditseleng tsotlhe tsa kgelelo ya metsi mo Delta le mo ditseleng dingwe tsa kgelelo ya metsi kwa Egepeto e e kwa Godimo. Mo patlisisong eno, dilo tse di kgotlelang metsi di bewa ka ditlhopha go ya ka tsela e di amang boitekanelo jwa batho le tikologo ka yone: Ditshedi tse dinnye tse di bakang malwetse di bewa kwa pele, di latelwa ke dikhemikale tse di dirang gore metsi a nne leswe. Dibolayaditshenekegi le dimetale tse di bokete di beilwe mo maemong a boraro, fa go ntse go lemogiwa gore go na le tshedimosetso e nnye thata e e leng teng go lekanyetsa bogolo jwa bothata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Di-hyacinth tsa metsi di thiba dikanala tsa go nosetsa le tsa kgelelo ya metsi mme di a thibelwa ka go dirisa boranyane jwa botegeniki le jwa saense

Menontsha ya naeterojene e go dirisitsweng naeterojene mo go yone e menagane gabedi go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1980 go ya go ngwaga wa 1993, le yone ke motswedi o mongwe wa kgotlelo. Di-hyacinth tsa metsi tse di tlhogang kwa tlase ga ditsela tsa metsi ka ntlha ya dikotla tse di oketsegileng di dira gore dikanala di tswale. Bo lwantshana le jone ka go dirisa didirisiwa tsa botegeniki le tsa saense.

Go nna letswai ke kgang e nngwe e e botlhokwa e e amanang le boleng jwa metsi. Metsi a a boelang kwa Nokeng ya Nile a dira gore metsi a a nang le letswai a oketsege go tloga go 250 ppm (mg/L) kwa Aswan go ya go 2,700 ppm kwa mekgatšheng ya Delta. &lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-8213-3321-6|p. 51]]&lt;/ref&gt;Le fa go ntse jalo, go latlhelwa letswai le le oketsegileng mo Lewatleng la Mediterranean go na le le le tsenang kwa Aswan (bona go nosetsa mo temothuong kwa Egepeto) ka jalo, fa nako e ntse e ya letswai la metsi kwa matamong a Delta le ka fokotsega. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a letswai a a tswang mo lewatleng a tsena mo Delta ka go pompa metsi a a letswai le go elela mo matsheng le mo meseleng, ka go dira jalo a fokotsa bothata jono.

=== Mefutafuta ya Ditshedi ===
Di-perch tsa Nile di fitlhelwa kwa Lake Nasser le kwa Lake Mariout kwa Nile Delta.

Matsha a a kwa Bokone jwa Egepeto a botlhokwa thata mo go bolokeng mefutafuta ya ditshedi. Go tswa kwa bophirima go ya kwa botlhaba, matsha a a mo Nokeng ya Nile ke Lake Mariout kwa borwa jwa Alexandria, Lake Edku kwa botlhaba jwa Alexandria, Lake Burullus kwa botlhaba jwa Rosetta le Lake Manzala fa gare ga Damietta le Port Said. Letsha le lengwe le le botlhokwa la kwa Bokone ke Letsha la Bardawil kwa bokone jwa Sinai le le sa nosediweng ke Nile. Dinonyane tsa metsi di le dikete di le makgolokgolo di fetsa mariga mo matsheng ano, go akaretsa le dinonyane tse dinnye tse di bidiwang di-gull le di-whiskered tern tse dintsi go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. Dinonyane tse dingwe tse di nnang mo delta eno di akaretsa di-grey heron, di-plover tsa Kent, di-shoveler le di-cormorant. Gape go na le di-egret le di-ibis. Letsha la Bardawil le Letsha la Burullus ke mafelo a a sireleditsweng a a nang le botlhokwa jwa boditšhabatšhaba go ya ka Tumalano ya Ramsar. Le fa gone go na le ditlhapi tse dintsi kwa Egepeto, go setse fela mefuta e le lesome le bosupa (17) go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1995 go tswa mo mefuteng e le masome a mane le bosupa (47) ka ngwaga wa 1948. [ Noka ya Nile ke nngwe ya mefuta e e itsegeng thata ya ditlhapi mo nokeng ya Nile ya Egepeto. E fitlhelwa kwa Lake Nasser le kwa Lake Mariout kwa Nile Delta. Ditlhapi tse dingwe tse di fitlhelwang mo delta eno di akaretsa di-mullet le di-soles. Diphologolo tse dingwe tse di fitlhelwang mo mokgatšheng ono di akaretsa digwagwa, dikgopa, dikgopa, di-mongoose le di-monitor tsa Nile.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3201" sha1="d7x6wrgy24t72afvjtij1wx303qdyj0" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Ethiopia rel location map.svg|thumb|Noka ya Ethiopia]]
'''Letamo la Koka''' (Amharic; Oromo) ke letamo kwa borwa-bogare jwa Ethiopia. E ne ya tlhamiwa ka go agiwa ga letamo la Koka go kgabaganya Noka ya Awash. Letamo leno le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le lekgolo le masome a boferabobedi (180).

== Dipopego tsa lefatshe ==
E mo Misraq Shewa Zone ya Kgaolo ya Oromia, gaufi le motsemogolo le toropo e kgolo ya Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Koka Reservoir e tumile mo bajanala le baagi ba toropo. Go na le mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga le dinonyane go dikologa letsha leno. Letamo le tshegetsa indaseteri ya go thaya ditlhapi; go ya ka Lefapha la Ditlhapi le Temothuo ya Lewatle la Ethiopia, ditone di le 625 (615 long tons; 689 short tons) tsa ditlhapi di a tsewa ngwaga le ngwaga, tse lefapha le di lekanyetsang e le masome a matlhano le bobedi (52% )kgotsa  masome a ferangbobedi le boferabongwe (89%) ya selekanyo sa yone se se tsweletseng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080228033847/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/ETH/body.htm &quot;Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia&quot;] Archived 2008-02-28 at the Wayback Machine (report dated January, 2003) Table 1 has the lower estimate for the maximum sustainable amount; Table 4 the higher estimate.&lt;/ref&gt;Bobedi letamo le letamo di tshosediwa ke go oketsega ga sedimentation e e bakwang ke go senyega ga tikologo mmogo le go tlhaselwa ke water hyacinth.

== Dikago ==
Letamo la Koka ke la konkoreite le le boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi (458) le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a mane le bosupa (47). Tlhogo e e dirisitsweng e boleele jwa dimetara di le masome a mararo le bobedi (32) go ya go masome a mane le bobedi (42). Mokonteraka wa konokono e ne e le Imprese Italiane all'Estero. Setlamo se se neng se tlamela didirisiwa e ne e le Gruppo Industriale Elettro Meccaniche per Impiante all'Estero, mme setlamo se se neng se tlamela didirisiwa le go aga diphatlha tsa motlakase e ne e le Società Anonima Elettrificazione. Kago e simolotse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa 1957 mme ya konelwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le nne (4) ka ngwaga  wa 1960; tekanyetsokabo e ne e le Eth$ 30,641,000.&lt;ref&gt;[http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/k/ORTKOB.pdf &quot;Local History in Ethiopia&quot;] Archived 2011-05-28 at the Wayback Machine (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 12 June 2008&lt;/ref&gt;Polante ya motlakase, e e nang le mela ya phetisetso ya 132 kV, e simolotse go dira ka botlalo ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi (28) ka ngwaga wa 1960. &lt;ref&gt;50th Anniversary: https://web.archive.org/web/20120525180729/http://www.addisfortune.com/Vol%2010%20No%20540%20Archive/newsinbrief.htm&lt;/ref&gt;Addis Ababa ke ene motlamedi wa ntlha. Total electric output is 110 GWh/year. &lt;ref&gt;Water Analysis for Ethiopia, THE WATER OF THE AWASH RIVER BASIN A FUTURE CHALLENGE TO ETHIOPIA http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files/pdf/publications/WorkingPapers/WaterofAwasBasin.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;Leano la boenjiniri le ne la dirwa le go tsenngwa tirisong ke Mekonnen Weldayohanes

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  <page>
    <title>Letamo la Darlington</title>
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      <text bytes="4260" sha1="7suqxkglbiwkc3q0ds1lxop9tv95924" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Darlington''', le gape le bidiwang lekadiba la Mentz, ke letamo le le agilweng ka majwe le le kwa lefelong la itloso bodutu la Addo Elephant National Park kwa go nang le [[noka ya Sundays]], gaufi le Kirkwood, kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]].

== Ditso ==
Tirisokgolo ya boremelelo ya go agiwa ga letamo le, e ne e le go isa metsi a a lekaneng ebile a sa kgale go nosetsa lefelo le le tona la temo, ka go baya le go laola metsi a morwalela. Ka ngwaga wa 1917, lekgotla la nosetso la noka ya Sundays le ne la tlhamiwa la okamela porojeke go tswa mo lephateng la nosetso la puso ka 1918. Kago e ne ya itemogela go busediwa kwa morago gantsi, go akaretsa tlhaelo ya didirisiwa mo go neng go bakiwa ke ntwa ya ntlha ya lefatshe, go tlhoka babereki (masole a a boang), segajaja sa 1918 sa mofikela, leroborobo la go ruruga legwafa, ditsamaiso tse di thata le komelelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (2009). [https://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/WW_09_Jul-Aug_Darlington.pdf &quot;Water History: Darlington Dam – SA's Troubled Lake&quot; (PDF).] ''The Water Wheel''. '''8''' (4): 24–28.&lt;/ref&gt; Tiego mo go feleletseng e ne ya baka bothata jwa madi jo bo tseneletseng mo dikomponeng tse di nosetsang, puso ya felela e tshwanelwa ke go tsaya sekoloto sa banosetsi, madi a a kana ka diponto di le didikadike tse pedi, makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano a ne a kwalololwa&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Letamo le feditswe ka 1922 la tlala fela ka 1928, tiego e,e le ka ntlha ya komelelo e e tseneletseng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Letamo la pele le ne le agetswe go baya metsi a seekanyo sa di mithara di le didkadike di le lekgolo, masome a mane le bobedi. Go nna kwa godimo ga motlhaba wa noka ya Sundays go ne go raya gore go tlala ga motlhaba kwa pele kwa kgampung ya sediba e fokotsa selekanyo sa letamo. Lebotana la letamo le ne la tsholediwa ka mithara le botlhano ka 1935 la tsholediwa gape ka di mithara di le tlhano ka 1951/52 go mekamekana le tatlhegelo ya selekanyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Letamo le le agilweng gape le butswe ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa 1952, ke tona wa nako eo wa ditsha le nosetso, J. G Strijdom, tiro e okametswe ke lekgotla la nosetso la noka ya Sundays, J. Kevin Murphy e le moinjineere o o okametseng. Ka ngwaga wa 1979, sediba se ne se latlhegetswe ke 41.47% wa selekanyo sa go baya metsi, motlhaba o le di mithara di le didkadike di le lekgolo, masome a mararo le botlhabo, dikete di le makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa o le kwa morago ga lebotana.&lt;ref&gt;Annandale, GW (1984)[https://web.archive.org/web/20171215122420/http://hydrologie.org/redbooks/a144/iahs_144_0549.pdf . &quot;Predicting the distribution of deposited sediment in southern African reservoirs&quot;] (PDF). ''Challenges in African Hydrology and Water Resources (Proceedings of the Harare Symposium)''. Publ. no. 144. IAHS: 549–567. Archived from [http://hydrologie.org/redbooks/a144/iahs_144_0549.pdf the original] (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Letamo la gompieno le na le selekanyo sa didikadike di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le bosupa, lebotana le le di mithara di le masome amararo le notlhano go ya kwa godimo. Tirisokgolo ya lone ke nosetso, madirelo le go dirisiwa mo magaeng.

Komelelo e e tseneletseng ya 1966 le 1967 e ne e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go simolola tiro mo moseleng wa Skoenmakers go amanya noka ya Great Fish le letamo la Darlington ka bofefo. Ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga nosetso kwa tlase ga letamo la Darlington mo go neng go solofetswe le go tlhoka metsi kwa toropong ya [[Port Elizabeth]], go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go emeletsa pompo ya Wellington Grove ka De Moistkraal Wir kwa godimo ga Wellington Grove le mosele o mokhutshwane o o amanyang mosele le go simolola ga mosele wa Skoenmakers.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20241103192746/http://sundaysriverwater.co.za/index.php/en/automation-of-canal-system &quot;Automation of Canal System&quot;.] ''www.sundaysriverwater.co.za''. Sundays River Water. Retrieved 15 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA10212019_16310 &quot;De Mistkraal Weir wins 1986 SAlCE Eastern Province Regional Award&quot;.] ''Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese''. '''29''' (5): 157–160. 1987. Retrieved 15 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>Lefelo la phetlho ya motlakase la Nkhula B</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3930" sha1="7o9goowc8nhlq6sibtxcds977bv6m0t" xml:space="preserve">'''Lefelo le le hetlhang  Motlakase la Nkhula B''', gape e le Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Nkula B ke seteišene sa Motlakase sa Motlakase sa metsi mo Nokeng ya Shire kwa Malawi. E na le maatla a go tlhagisa motlakase wa selekanyo sa lekgolo (100 megawatts) (130,000 hp).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;ESCOM (24 September 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110710201223/http://www.escommw.com/power_generation.php &quot;Hydropower Generation: Existing ESCOM Limited Generation System&quot;.] Blantyre: Electricity Supply Commission of Malawi (ESCOM). Archived from the original (Archived from the Original) on 2011-07-10. Retrieved 15 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;EGENCO (15 April 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200442/http://www.egenco.mw/power-stations &quot;Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited: List of Hydroelectric Power Stations&quot;]. Blantyre: Electricity Generation Company Malawi Limited (EGENCO). Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lefelo ==
Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Nkhula B se kwa moseja ga Noka ya Shire, mo Kgaolong ya Blantyre, mo Kgaolong ya Borwa jwa Malawi, mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a matlhano (50) (31 mi), ka tsela, bokone-bophirima jwa Blantyre, motsemogolo wa madi le toropo e kgolo go gaisa mo Malawi. &lt;ref&gt;Globefeed.com (15 April 2015). [https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Malawi_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Post%20Office%2C%20Blantyre%2C%20Malawi&amp;toplace=Nkula%20Falls%20Power%20Station%2C%20Malawi&amp;dt1=ChIJsWOMNZBF2BgRvOD1GqDXCOg&amp;dt2=ChIJ98zMt4mM2BgRcgAhEtFswpY &quot;Distance between Post Office, Blantyre, Malawi and Nkula Falls Power Station, Malawi&quot;.] Globefeed.com. Retrieved 15 April 2015&lt;/ref&gt;Dikhuduthamaga tsa lefatshe tsa Nkhula B Power Station ke: 15°31'40.0&quot;S, 34°49'14.0&quot;E (Latitude:-15.527778; Longitude:34.820556).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.com/maps/place/15%C2%B031'40.0%22S+34%C2%B049'14.0%22E/@-15.5277748,34.7856211,6952m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-15.5277778!4d34.8205556 &quot;Location of Nkhula B Hydroelectric Power Station&quot;] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 15 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kakaretso ==
Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Nkhula B se agilwe ka dikgato ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) le ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le maome a robabongwe(1990). Dijenereitara tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa maatla a dimekawate di le masome a mabedi (20) nngwe le nngwe, di ne tsa tsenngwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980). Go ne ga okediwa ka jenereitara e nngwe ya dimekawate di le masome a mabedi (20) ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro(1986). Motlakase wa botlhano wa 20 MW o ne wa tsenngwa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Seteišene sa motlakase se ne sa tswalwa ka ntlha ya go baakanngwa thata ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017). Go ne ga agiwa lefelo le lesha le go neng go tsenngwa motlakase mo go lone. Tiro eno e ne ya dirwa ke Andritz Hydro wa kwa Austria le Mota-Engil wa kwa Portugal.&lt;ref&gt;Special Absalom (30 October 2017). [http://www.maravipost.com/escom-commences-refurbishment-works-nkula-hydro-power-station/ &quot;ESCOM commences refurbishment works at Nkula Hydro Power Station&quot;]. Maravipost.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mo ngwageng wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), go ne ga tsenngwa di-valve tsa motlakase tse di neng di le tlhwatlhwa ya di-MWK di le 800 000 000 (mo e ka nnang di-MWK di le 100 000 000). €1.18 million) e ne ya emisediwa.&lt;ref&gt;Makasu, David (30 March 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181206182740/http://www.malawivoice.com/egenco-to-instal-an-k800m-machine-at-nkula-b-power-station/ &quot;Egenco To Instal An MWK800 Million Machine At Nkula B Power Station&quot;.] Blantyre: Malawivoice.com. Retrieved 15 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>Letamo la Wriggleswade</title>
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      <text bytes="485" sha1="mjlzg1ncbm53fy302pky57nisfnies2" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Wriggleswade''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka mmu le majwe kwa nokeng ya Kubusi gaufi le Stutterheim kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1991, tirisokgolo ya lone e le mo ditirong tsa mmasepala le madirelo. Kgonagalo ya borai jwa lone e kwa godimo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240913172617/https://www.amahlathi.gov.za/tourism/wriggleswade-dame/ &quot;WRIGGLESWADE DAM – Amahlathi Local Municipality&quot;.] Retrieved 15 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>Letsha la Ifni</title>
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      <text bytes="7137" sha1="ftgthki8xm01eiw9jmcnrz3ti0wkun0" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Lake Ifni in the Toubkal commune, High Atlas, Morocco.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Ifni]]
'''Letsha la Ifni''' (Arabic: Dayet Ifni) ke letsha le le tala le le leng mo mmung wa [[Toubkal National Park]], kwa Toubkal (commune) ya Morocco, kwa teng ga thaba ya High Atlas, e e nang le tlelaemete ya kontinente, mme e okametswe ka tlhamalalo ke setlhoa se se kwa godimo go gaisa kwa Afrika Bokone, e leng setlhoa sa Thaba ya Toubkal. Letsha leno le tlhomologile ka ntlha ya mekgokolosa ya lone e e makgwakgwa, go nna ga lone kwa bofelong jwa mokgatšha, boteng jwa lone jo bogolo, le bogodimo jwa lone jo bo fetang jwa lewatle, jo bo ka nnang dimetara di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano . Ka jalo, ke lengwe la matsha a a kwa godimo thata mo lefatsheng. Bogolo jwa yone bo ka nna diheketara di le masome a mabedi le borataro , boleele jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa, mme bophara jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le makgolo a mane le masome a robabongwe. e na le lebelo la go tshologa la dimetara di le makgolo a mararo  ka motsotswana, le boteng jwa dimetara di feta masome a mararo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/en/ifni-lake-toubkal-massif/ &quot;Ifni lake - Toubkal national park&quot;.] ''Explore Agadir Souss Massa''. 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2024-05-19.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;admin (2020-11-04). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240625203318/https://atlas-mountain-trekking.com/toubkal-circuit-via-lake-ifni-high-atlas-mountains-6-days/ &quot;Toubkal Circuit Via Lake Ifni &amp; High Atlas Mountains (6 Days) | Trekking In Morocco – Holidays In The High Atlas Mountains&quot;.] Retrieved 2024-05-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Popego ya mmele ==
Ditso tsa jeoloji ya kgaolo e simolotse mo nakong ya pele ya jeoloji, dingwaga tse di fetang dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le botlhano tse di fetileng. &lt;ref&gt;[https://earth104.tripod.com/geo%20content.htm &quot;التاريخ الجيولوجي&quot;.] ''earth104.tripod.com''. Retrieved 2024-06-02.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lefelo ==
Letsha la Ifni le kwa Parakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Toubkal, kwa bophirima jwa Great View, segolobogolo mo kgaolong ya setšhaba sa Toubkal, porofense ya Taroudant, kgaolo ya Souss-Massa, gaufi le kgogedi ya Amsousart. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220903091316/https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ &quot;بحيرة إفني - جبل توبقال - Explore Agadir Souss Massa&quot;]. 2022-09-03. Archived from [https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ the original] on 2022-09-03. Retrieved 2024-05-18.&lt;/ref&gt;

Letsha la Ifni le kwa bokhutlong jwa mokgatšha o o tswaletsweng, mo kgaolong e e dithaba e e nang le dithaba tse di thata tse di tlhamilweng dingwaga tse di fetang dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le botlhano tse di fetileng. Le dikologilwe ke mekgokolosa e e makgwakgwa mo dintlheng tsotlhe, ntle le kwa bophirima, koo le bulegelang kwa mokgatšheng ka fa godimo ga boalo jo bo dirilweng ka matlapa le maje, mme le lebilwe ka tlhamalalo ke setlhoa se se kwa godimo go gaisa kwa Afrika Bokone, e leng setlhoa sa Thaba ya Toubkal, dimetara di le dikete tse nne,lekgolo le masome a marataro le bosupa, go tlaleletsa kwa setlhoeng sa Ouanokarim le tse dingwe. &lt;ref&gt;[https://extremetour.pro/en/climb-mt-toubkal-lake-ifni &quot;Climbing to Toubkal (4167 m) through Lake Ifni&quot;.] ''extremetour.pro''. Retrieved 2024-05-19.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Seemo sa Bosa ==
Letsha leno le na le tlelaemete e e tshwanang le ya kontinente, e mo go yone dithemperetšha tse di kwa godimo di fitlhang go didikirii di le masome a mane le botlhano ka selemo, mme ka mariga di wela kwa tlase ga lefela, mme seno se dira gore metsi a letsha leno a gatsetse.

== Baagi ==
Letsha la Ifni le tsewa e le letamo la tlholego le baagi ba lone ba le dirisang go lema. Metse e e fetang lesome mo kgaolong eno e solegelwa molemo ke metsi a Letsha la Ifni. Go akanngwa gore baagi ba mafelo ano ba tswa mo merafeng ya Ba-Berber ba Atlantic. Puo e e buiwang thata mo kgaolong eno ke Se-Amazigh. Mo godimo ga temothuo, banni ba ikaegile ka mafulo jaaka motswedi wa ntlha wa lotseno la bona, segolo dipodi. &lt;ref&gt;[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/353801538414553978/pdf/130404-WP-P159851-Morocco-WEB.pdf &quot;CLIMATE VARIABILITY, DROUGHT, AND DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO'S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR&quot;] (PDF).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bojanala ==
Letsha leno le ratiwa thata ke batho ba ba ratang metshameko ya kwa dithabeng mo nageng eno le mo dinageng tse dingwe. Le fa e le naga e e thata, ga se karolo yotlhe ya yone e e dirisediwang go fudisa diruiwa. Kafa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa letsha leno go na le lefelo le le bulegileng le le nang le dikago tse dinnye tse di diretsweng go dirisiwa ke bajanala. Gape batho ba le bantsi ba rata go kampa le go itlosa bodutu. Go agilwe tsela e e ralalang motse wa Imsuzart e e letlang bajanala go fitlha kwa lotshitshing ka koloi. Letsha leno gape le tsewa e le lefelo la go ema fa o palama Toubkal Peak go tswa kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba, mme go nna teng ga lone go tsosolosa itshololelo ya selegae ya banni, segolo thata ka nako ya kapoko. &lt;ref&gt;[https://highatlasfoundation.org/en/insights/coming-together-for-lake-ifni &quot;Coming Together for Lake Ifni — High Atlas Foundation&quot;.] ''highatlasfoundation.org''. Retrieved 2024-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://trekatlas.com/treks/toubkal-region/lake-ifni-toubkal-summit &quot;Lake Ifni - Toubkal Summit | TrekAtlas.com&quot;.] ''trekatlas.com''. Retrieved 2024-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;صادق, نسرين (2021-01-11). [https://www.akhbaralaan.net/news/arab-world/2021/01/11/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A1-144-%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA &quot;&quot;قافلة شتاء&quot; تدفيء 144 طفلاً بقرية امسوزارت&quot;. ''أخبار''] ''الآن'' (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go thuma mo Letsha la Ifni go thata e bile go kotsi. Lefelo leno le nnile le ditiragalo di le dintsi tsa go kgangwa ke metsi, segolobogolo mo bajanaleng. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;تارودانت .. &quot;بحيرة الموت&quot; تخطف روح شاب في العشرينيات من عمره – العمق المغربي&quot;. 2021-09-23. Archived from [https://al3omk.com/668681.html the original] on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2024-05-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, dithaba tsa High Atlas di ile tsa ngoka palo e kgolo ya bajanala ba gantsi ba palamang Thaba ya Tubqal mme ba etela letsha leno. Mo godimo ga moo, go na le ditlamo tse dingwe tse di nayang fela go etela letsha, mo tirong ya malatsi a le mabedi,&lt;ref&gt;[https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/datasheets-alventus/datasheets/2017-03-28-19-46-22-1297-VE-017%20MARRUECOS%20TREK%20ATLAS.pdf &quot;Alto Atlas Página 1 SENDEROS DEL ALTO ATLAS&quot;] (PDF).&lt;/ref&gt;

== Setso ==
Filimi ya dikgang ya kwa Morocco Amouddou e ne ya rekota karolo ya yone ya bosupa kwa Atlas e kgolo mme segolobogolo kwa Letsheng la Ifni.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Letsha la Akfadou</title>
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      <text bytes="3146" sha1="i8vi2ege1z4hwaop4ns0m5z0wxzfj5c" xml:space="preserve">'''Letsha la Akfadou''', le le itsegeng gape e le '''Letsha le Lentsho''', le mo dithabeng tsa Djurdjura, mo teng ga Djurdjura National Park. E fa gare ga diporofense tsa Algeria tsa Tizi Ouzou le Béjaïa.

== Kakaretso ==
Letsha le Lentsho, le le itsegeng ka Se-Berber e le &quot;Oqlimim Afrakan&quot;, le kwa sekgweng sa Akfadou, gaufi le Tsela ya Bosetšhaba ya masome a mararo le bone. E itsege ka ditlhare tsa yone tse dintsi tsa moakere. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202140046/http://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemaghreb/78281 Djazairess : Tizi-Ouzou / Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou :] une invitation au repos Archived February 02, 2017 at Wayback Machine.&lt;/ref&gt;

Oqlimim Afrakan e kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi  mme ke lefelo le le ratwang ke bajanala ba ba ratang tlhago ba ba batlang go tshabela botshelo jwa toropo ka tidimalo. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202135745/http://www.djazairess.com/akhbarelyoum/188883 About : The Black Lake of Akfadou, the Jewel of the Djerjara, is an eye-catching gem] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Letsha leno le le bogolo jwa diheketara di le tharo le le boteng jwa mo e ka nnang metara o le mongwe, le bontsha mebala e mentsi. Tseno di akaretsa botala jwa loapi, bosweu jo bo tswang mo marung, le botala jo bo tseneletseng jo bo tswang mo ditlhareng tsa oak tse di e dikologileng go tswa mo matlhakoreng otlhe. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.djazairess.com/echchaab/34295 Interesting : Recreational space and neglected forest wealth] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ile ga agiwa sekgoreletsi sa maitirelo mo letlhakoreng le lengwe la letsha leno gore metsi a nne mo maemong a a rileng. Go nna teng ga ditlhare tse di nwetseng go le gonnye mo letsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aps.dz/regions/45395-vir%C3%A9e-au-lac-noir-de-l%E2%80%99akfadou-une-invitation-au-repos-reportage Algérie Presse Service - Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou : une invitation au repos] Archived February 2, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dikoloi, go akaretsa dikoloi le dibese tse dinnye, di eme gaufi le letsha leno morago ga gore di dirisiwe go rwala bajanala ba ba tswang kwa dinageng tse di mabapi ba ba tlang go ijesa monate mo matlhakoreng a lone. Malapa, ditlhopha tsa ditsala, le batsamaya ka dinao ba batla go ikhutsa mo mogoteng ka fa tlase ga meriti ya ditlhare mo lefelong leo. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.djazairess.com/alfadjr/340548 About : The &quot;Black Lake&quot; in the Akvado Forest. A virgin nature that enchants visitors] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Gape go na le digwagwa tse di tlolelang tse di nnang mo lefelong leno. Setlhare se se wetseng mo metsing se na le segwagwa se segolo se baeti ba se bitsang &quot;dinosaur&quot;. Eno ke nngwe ya ditlhamane tsa Oqlimim Afrakan.

Lefelo la thutamarope la motse wa Mahaqa, le le simolotseng ka nako ya Baroma kgotsa le eleng nako e kgologolo, le le bidiwang &quot;Akham Ojhali&quot;, le emela dilo tse di kgatlhang tsa thutamarope le tsa ditso tse di sa ntseng di sa itsiwe ke borasaense. 

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance</title>
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      <text bytes="14449" sha1="5y1ym6bh5qzki24ezdsy4xlzdu15tjn" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance''' (GERD kgotsa TalHiGe&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-57750225 &quot;Hidha Haaromsaa Guddicha Itoophiyaa 'Adwaa Lammaffaa' lammiilee Itoophiyaa tokkoomse&quot;]. ''BBC News Afaan Oromoo'' (in Oromo). Retrieved 15 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;), le pele le neng le itsege ka leina la letamo la Millennium dinako tse dingwe le bidiwa letamo la Hidase ke letamo le le agilweng ka majwe kwa nokeng ya Blue Nile kwa Ethiopia. Letamo le le kwa kgaolong ya Metekel ya Benishangul-Gumuz, gaufi le molelwane wa Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120322030951/http://www.inewsone.com/2011/04/17/ethiopias-biggest-dam-to-help-neighbours-solve-power-problem/43904 &quot;Ethiopia's biggest dam to help neighbours solve power problem&quot;.] News One. 17 April 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Roussi, Antoaneta (10 October 2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02987-6 &quot;Nations Clash over Giant Nile Dam]&quot;. ''Nature''. '''574''' (7777): 159–60. doi:[https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02987-6 10.1038/d41586-019-02987-6]. [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31595068/ 31595068]. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1f62f4c97b9e64c6377bc3ceb8c5b2c86b2bbfec 203929162.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Le agilwe ka dingwaga tsa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) go tsena ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), tirisokgolo ya lone ke go fetlha motlakase go thusa ka tlhaelo ya motlakase ya kwa Ethiopia le go rekisetsa mafatshe a a mabapi motlakase. Ka seelo sa 5.15 gigawatts, letamo le ke lone pitsa ya motlakase e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo Aforika&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/07/04/the-bitter-dispute-over-africas-largest-dam &quot;The bitter dispute over Africa's largest dam&quot;.] ''The Economist''.&lt;/ref&gt;, e le la masome mabedi ka botona mo lefatsheng ka bophara.

Legato la ntlha la go tlatsa letangwana le simolotse ka kgwedi ya  Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), ka kgwedi ya Phatwe,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020) metsi a ne a oketsega go nna selekanyo sa dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano, le masome a mane (dimithara di le masome mane go feta bo kwa tlase jwa letamo, le le leng dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano go feta seelo sa lewatle). Legato la bobedi la go tlatsa le feditswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), metsi a tlhaatlogetse kwa dimithareng di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a supa le botlhano. Legato laboraro le feditswe ka kgwedi ya Phatwe a le lesome lebobedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) mo seelong sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro. Legato la bone le feditswe ka kgwedi ya  Lwetse a le lesome ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro (2023) ka seelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro masome a mabedi le botlhano. Legato la botlhano ebile e le lone la bofelo le feditswe ka kgwedi ya  Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), ka seelo sa bofelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a mane. Pitsa e, e tlhomilwe semmuso ka kgwedi ya  Lwetse a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano ( 2025).

Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le  le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), letamo le ne la ntsha motlakase wa di megawattsa di le makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le botlhano e le lantlha. Lefetlha motlakase la bobedi la di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le botlhano le butswe semmuso ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi ( 2022). Metshine ya boraro le bone ya dimegawatts di le makgolo mane di tlhomilwe semmuso ka kgwedi ya  Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024). Go bulwa ga letamo ga semmuso e ne e le ka kgwedi ya Lwetse a robabongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano( 2025).

== Tse di diragetseng pele ==
Leina le noka ya Blue Nile e le tsayang mo Ethiopia (&quot;Abay&quot;) le tswa mo lefokong la Geéz le le rayang bogolo go supa gore ke noka ya dinoka. Lefoko Abay le santse le leteng mo dipuong tsa Ethiopia tse ditona go supa sepe kgotsa ope o o supiwang a le kwa godimo.

Lefelo le le tlhopetsweng letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance le tlhophilwe ke Unted States Bureau of Reclamation ka nako ya tshekatsheko ya Blue Nile, e e dirilweng ka dingwaga tsa 1956 le 1964 ka nako ya bogosi jwa ga Haile Selassie. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya thankgolo ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone ( 1974), tlhaselo ya Ethiopia ya lefatshe la Somalia ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa( 1977) go tsena ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi (1978), le ntwa ya selegae ya Ethiopia ya dingwaga tse di lesome le botlhano, porojeke e ne ya seka ya tswelela go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa tse dikete tse pedi ( 2000). puso ya Ethiopia e ne ya tlhatlhoba lefelo ka Phalane 2009 le kgwedi ya Phatwe, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010). Ka  kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa dikete tse le lesome (2010), go ne ga isiwa moalo wa letamo.

Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011), letsatsi morago ga porojeke e sena go bolelwa phatlalatsa, konteraka ya dibilone di le nne le borobabobedi e ne ya neelwa kompone ya Italy ya Salini Impregilo go sena ba ba phadisanelang konteraka e, moalo wa ntlha wa matlapa o ne wa alwa ka kgwedi ya Moranang a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) ke Tautona  Meles Zenawi. Motshine o o thubang majwe o ne  wa agiwa, ga mmogo le sefofane se sepotlana go fefosa motsamao. Tsholofelo e ne e le gore difetlha motlakase tsa ntlha tse pedi di tlaa bereka morago ga dikgwedi di le masome mane le bone tsa kago, kgotsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015) o simologa.

Lefatshe la Egepeto, le le dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi le makgolo a matlhano kwa tlase ga lefelo leo, le kgatlhanong le letamo le, ka le dumela le tlaa fokotsa seelo sa metsi a Nile a a dirisiwang ke lefatshe la Egepeto. Zenawi o ne a bolela, a ikaegile ka patlisiso e e sa fiwang leina, gore letamo ga le kake la fokotsa metsi a a yang kwa tlase, mme le tlaa laola metsi a a dirisediwang go nosetsa. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011), go ne ga itsisiwe fa lefatshe la Ethiopia le tlaa tlhakanela moalo wa letamo le la Egepeto gore ditlamorago di sekasekiwe.

Letamo le pele le ne le bidiwa Project X. Morago ga konteraka ya lone e sena go itsisiwe, le ne la bidiwa letamo la Millenium. Ka Moranang a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2011, khansele ya matona e ne ya le fetola leina go nna letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance. Lefatshe la Ethiopia le na le kgonagalo ya motlakase wa metsi wa 45 GW. Letamo le, le duelelwa ke puso le madi a a abilweng ke makgotla a aikemetseng. Go ne go solofetswe gore le tlaa fela ka kgwedi ya  Phukwi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).

Ditlamorago tse di ka diragalang ke tsone motswedi wa dikgogakgogano tsa mafatshe a a mo kgaolong. Lefatshe la Egepeto le ikaegile ka noka ya Nile go bona 90% wa metsi a lone. Puso ya Egepeto e ne ya gwetlha gore lefatshe la Ethiopia le emise kago mo letamong e le maemo a a tlhokegang pele ga gpo buisanwa le ne gape la kopa kemo nokeng ya mafatshe a mangwe aa mo kgaolong, baeteledipele bangwe ba sepolotiki ba tlhatlhantse ka ditsela tsa go kganela porojeke e. Lefatshe la Egepeto le ne la tswa ka leano la nyatsa kemo nokeng ya letamo mo kgaolong ga mmogo le lefatshe la China, Italy le mafatshe a mangwe a a emeng porojeke e nokeng. Le fa go ntse jalo, dipuso tsa mafatshe a mangwe kwa lenaneeng la kgampu la Nile di ne tsa supa kemo nokeng ya letamo le. Maatshe a, a akaretsa la Sudan, le e leng lone fela le lengwe le le kwa tlase ga Blue Nile, le ntswa maemo a Sudan ka letamo le a ne a farologana ka nako. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone ( 2014), lefatshe la Sudan le ne la supa la Egepeto ka monwana go bo le tlhotlheletsa seemo.

Lefatshe la Ethiopia le ganetsa gore letamo le tlaa nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo go eleleng ga metsi kwa tlase, le bolela fa letamo le tlaa oketsa go elela ga metsi go ya Egepeto ka go fokotsa go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi mo lekadibeng la Nasser. Lefatshe la Ethiopia la re la Egepepeto le nna dingalo fela; ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), lefatshe la Egepeto le ne la re dipuisano le mafatshe a Sudan le Ethiopia ka kago ya letamo la dibilone di le nne la motlakase wa metsi le Ethiopia e le agang mo nokeng ya Nile di eme go sena tharabololo. Go simolola ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), mokwaledi mogolo wa tsa madi wa U.S Steven T. Mnuchin o simolotse go dra dipuisano le mafatshe ka boraro.

== Ditshenyegelo le dituelo ==
Letamo la Grand Ethiopian Renaissance (GERD) go akanyeditswe fa le tlaa lopa madi a di dolara a ka nna dibilone di le tlhano, a lekana le 7% wa dipoelo tsa 2016 tsa lefatshe la Ethiopia. Tlhaelo ya madi a a emang nokeng diporojeke mo nokeng ya Blue Nile go tswa kwa mafatsheng kgotla makgotla a mafatshefatshe go supilwe fa e le letsholo la Egepeto go laola go neelana metsi a Nile. Lefatshe la ethiopia le ne la patelesega go ntsha madi a GERD ka go kopa madi kwa makgotleng a a farologaneng ka go rekisa dikamano le go gwetlha babereki go ntsha bontlha bongwe jwa dituelo tsa bone. Madi a a ntshiwang a ntshediwa mo maranyaneng a semmuso a a tlhomamisitsweng ke ofisi ya ga tonakgolo wa Ethiopia.

Bilone e le nngwe ya madi otlhe ya metshine le didirisiwa tsa motlakase a ntshitswe ke Exim Bank of China.

== Leano la kago ==
Leano la kago le fetogile gantsi ka dingwaga tsa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011) go tsena ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabaongwe (2019). Se se ne sa ama dielo tsa motlakase le go baya.

Pele, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011), motshine wa motlakase wa metsi o ne o tshwanetse go amogela difetlha motlakase di le lesome le botlhano, nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e fetlha motlakase wa di megawattsa di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano, se se dira gore seelo sotlhe e nne dikete di le tlhano, makgolo  mabedi, le masome a matlhano, ka tsholofelo ya motlakase wa di Gigawatts di le dikete di le lesome le botlhano, lekgolo, le masome mabedi le borobabbobedi ka ngwaga. Seelo sa motlakase o o tla a fetlhiwang se ne sa okediwa morago go nna dikete di le thataro ka metshine e le lesome le borataro, mongwe le mongwe o fetlha di megawatts di le dikete di le lesome le borataro, lekgolo, masome a matlhano le boraro. Motlakase o o tla a ntshiwang go ne go solofelwa fa e tlaa nna di Gigawatts di le lesome le borataro, lekgolo le masome a matlhano le boraro ka ngwaga. Seo se ne sa fitlhelelwa ka go oketsa metshine e le lesome le bone ya e le lesome leborataro go stwa kwa di megawatts di le makgolo a mararo, masoe a supa le botlhano go nna di le makgolo a mane go sa fetolwe seelo. Go ya ka tona wa Ethiopia ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), seelo sa go fetlha motlakase sa GERD gompieno ke dikete di le tlhano, lekgolo le masome a matlhano, ka metshine e le lesome le boraro e le kwelo tlase go tswa mo go e le lesome le borataro.

Ga se dipalo tsa motlakase fela tse di fetogileng mo nakong, dipalo tsa go baya le tsone di fetogile. Ka ngwaga wa 2011, letamo le ne le tshwanetse go nna boleele jwa dimithara di le lekgolo masome mane le botlhano ka seelo sa di mithara di le didkadike di le lesome le motso. Letangwana le ne le tshwanetse go nna le seelo sa dikhilomithara di le masome a marataro leborataro le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a marataro le masome a robabobedi fa le tletse. Letangwana le le bapileng le letamo le legolo le ne le tshwanetse go nna boleele jwa dimkithara di le masome mane lebotlhano ka dimithara go ya kwa godimo, boleele jwa dimithara di le dikete nne le makgolo a robabobedi le seelo sa dimithara di le didikadike di le lesome le botlhano.

Ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa a 2013, lekgotla la baitseanape ba ba ikemetseng (IPoE) le ne la tlhatlhoba letamo le dipalo tsa lone tsa setegeniki. Ka nako eo, dipalo tsa letangwana di ne di fetogile. Dipalo tsa letangwana fa le tletse di ne tsa ya kwa dikhilomithareng di le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a supa le bone, e le koketsego ya dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le bone. Seelo sa go baya metsi fa le tletse se oketsegilego nna dikhilomithara di le masome a supa le bone, e le koketsego ya dikhilomithara di supa. Dipalo tse ga di a fetoga morago ga 2013. Seelo sa go baya metsi sa dikhilomithara di le masome a supa le bone se emetse dikhilomithara di le masome a robabobedi le bone tsa metsi otlhe a ngwaga a Nile. 

Morago ga dikgakololo tsa IPoE, ka ngwaga wa 2013, dipalo tsa letamo di ne tsa fetoga go mekamekana le go elela mo go ntsi ga metsi fa go ka nna merwalela e  e feteletseng: bo kwa godimo jwa letamo legolo ke dimithara di le lekgolo, masome a matlhano le botlhano, koketsego ya dimithara di lelesome, ka boleele jwa dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a supa le masome a robabobedi. Dipalo tsa go ntsha metsi ga di a fetoga, ke molomo wa letamo legolo fela o o isitsweng kwa godimo. Letangwana la majwe le ne la isiwa kwa godimo go nna dimithara di le masome a matlhano, koketsego ya dimithara di le tlhano, ka boleele jwa dikete di le tlhano le makgolo a mabedi, koketsego ya dimithara di le masome a mane. Seelo sa letangwana se oketsegile ka dimithara di le didikadidike di le lesome le borataro, koketsego ya mmithara o le mongwe le botlhano. 

=== Matamo a mabedi ===
Bo kwa tlase jwa letamo kgolo bo dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano kwa godimo ga seelo sa lewatle, go tsamaelana le seelo sa moalo wa noka ya Blue Nile. Fa o bala go tswa kwa tlase, letamo legolo le boleele jwa lekgolo le masome a mane le botlhano go ya kwa godimo, dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a supa le masome a robabobedi, le agilwe ka lokgarapana lo lontsho. Molomo wa letamo o dimithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le botlhano kwa godimo ga seelo sa lewatle. 

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letsha la Mim</title>
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      <text bytes="3321" sha1="m1etqstxrn4bssxm46eu84w7dlui8tr" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Mim lake1.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Mim]]
'''Letsha la Mim''', le kwa tshimologong le neng le itsege jaaka '''Letsha la Anwomasu''', ke letsha le le mo teng ga naga le le kwa ntle ga [[Mim]] mo Kgaolong ya Masepala wa Asunafo Bokone mo Kgaolong ya Ahafo ya [[Ghana]]. Letsha leno ke lefelo la bojanala le le sa bonweng mme le na le bokgoni jwa go nna lefelo la bojanala le le fa thoko ga letsha. Batho ba ba ratang go itlosa bodutu gantsi ba a e etela.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ahafonews.com/south-african-high-commission-counselor-of-economic-embarks-on-two-2-days-visit-to-ahafo-region/ &quot;South African High Commission Counselor of Economic Embarks On Two (2) Days Visit To Ahafo Region&quot;.] June 8, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://asunafonorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ &quot;ASUNAFO North Municipal Assembly&quot;]. ''ASUNAFO North Municipal Assembly''. Retrieved 2021-11-05.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dennis, Owusu (June 10, 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251030161526/https://soireenews.com/ahafo-regional-minister-woos-south-africans-on-potential-investment &quot;Ahafo Regional Minister Woos South Africans on potential Investment&quot;.] ''SoireeNews''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dipopego tsa lefatshe ==
Letsha la Mim le le kwa [[6.91873°N 2.55269°W]] le gaufi le tsela ya Mim - kenyasi, e e ka nnang 1 km (0.62 mi) kwa bokone jwa toropo ya Mim. Metse e megolo e e dikologileng letsha leno ke Mim, Asukese le Nkensere.

== Ditso le Batho ==
Letsha leno ke go atolosiwa ga noka ya bogologolo ya Anwomasu e e neng e le letsha la tlholego. Go atolosiwa ga letsha leno go ne ga dira gore le fetoge letsha la maitirelo le kwa tshimologong le neng le dirisediwa ditiro tsa madirelo le tsa mo gae.

Morago ga go dirisiwa ka masomesome a dingwaga, Letsha leno le le nang le dilo tse di farologaneng tsa tlholego le sa ntse le le teng e le lefelo le le ngokang bajanala. Letsha leno le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela le diphologolo. Gareng ga mefuta ya ditlhapi mo letsheng ke di endemic cichlid hemichromis frempongi, le di-endemic cichlids tilapia busumana le T. discolor.&lt;ref&gt;[[google:anwomasu+lake|&quot;anwomasu lake - Google Search&quot;.]] ''Google''&lt;/ref&gt;

Letsha leno le golagantswe le molete o o isang kwa Letamong la Ayum kwa 6.9105600°N 2.5605000°W, dimetara di se kae go tswa kwa Ayum Forest Products Ltd. Letamo leno le dirisediwa ditiro tsa madirelo le tsa mo gae.

== Ditiragalo ==
Go nnile le ditiragalo di le mmalwa tse di farologaneng fa batho ba le babedi, ba dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bosupa  le masome a mararo le bongwe  ba ne ba nwela mo letsheng ka dinako tse di farologaneng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://rejoicefmonline.com/2021/03/26/sad-story-as-57-year-old-man-drown-3-days-after-missing-at-mim/ |title=&quot;SAD STORY AS 57-YEAR-OLD MAN DROWN 3 DAYS AFTER MISSING AT MIM – Rejoicefmonline.com&quot;. |access-date=2026-06-16 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120214453/https://rejoicefmonline.com/2021/03/26/sad-story-as-57-year-old-man-drown-3-days-after-missing-at-mim/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://myrepubliconline.com/ahafo-region-man-57-drowns-in-mim-dam/ &quot;AHAFO REGION: Man, 57, drowns in Mim Dam&quot;.] March 26, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Man-found-dead-in-a-river-1234051 &quot;Man found dead in a river&quot;.] ''GhanaWeb''. April 15, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lefelo le le hetlhang motlakase la Antelomita</title>
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      <text bytes="2082" sha1="0mwtkrtlawyvwjgg64efvueszvvo80v" xml:space="preserve">'''Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Antelomita''' se kwa Anjeva Gara kwa kgaolong ya Analamanga, [[Madagascar]]. Seteishene sa motlakase se na le dikarolo tse pedi, Antelomita I le II. Tsotlhe di bapile mo diphororong tse di farologaneng tsa Noka ya Ikopa. Diphororo tsotlhe tsa metsi di thibetswe mme metsi a fetisediwa kwa seteišeneng sa motlakase; sengwe le sengwe sa tsone se na le dijenereitara di le tharo tsa 1.4 megawatts (1,900 hp). Tse pedi tsa ntlha di ne tsa tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo(1930), tse pedi tsa bobedi ka ngwaga wa  sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bobedi (1952) mme tse pedi tsa bofelo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro (1953). Dikarolo tseno ka bobedi di na le maatla a a tlhomilweng a dimekawate di le 8,4 (11,300 hp). Di ne tsa agiwa ke khampani nngwe ya kwa Fora mme gone jaanong di dirisiwa ke Jirama. Matamo a Tsiazompaniry le Mantasoa a a kwa godimo ga noka a laola metsi a a yang kwa seteišeneng sa motlakase. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318044143/http://www.ore.mg/Plan%20Indicatif/RIA.xls &quot;Inventaire du parc hydroélectrique existant - Juin 2013&quot; (in French). ORE. June 2013]. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121103150352/http://www.mantasoa.com/mantasoa/lac-mantasoa.html &quot;Mantasoa and lake&quot;. Mantasoa.] Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le 48 kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Antananarivo, dikilometara di le 10 kwa botlhaba jwa Anjeva Gara le dikilometara di le 14 go tswa kwa Ambohimanambola.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/pdfs/razakanandrasanaNirinalalaina_ESPA_M2_13.pdf |title=CENTRALE HYDRO-ELECTRIQUE. CAS DE LA JIRAMA ANTELOMITA |access-date=2026-06-17 |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401054958/http://biblio.univ-antananarivo.mg/pdfs/razakanandrasanaNirinalalaina_ESPA_M2_13.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Letamo la Tokwe Mukosi</title>
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      <text bytes="4338" sha1="irun40go660n1exucilaqidm85nw6ik" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Tokwe Mukos'''i kgotsa Letamo la Tugwi Mukosi&lt;ref&gt;Zimbabwe National Water Authority. [https://zinwa.co.zw/dam-levels/ &quot;Dam Levels&quot;.] ''Dam Levels''&lt;/ref&gt;ke letamo la letlapa le le tletseng ka konkoreite mo Nokeng ya Tokwe, e e fa tlase ga noka ya Mukosi, dikilometara di ka nna masome a supa le bobedi (72 )(45 mi) kwa borwa jwa Masvingo kwa Porofenseng ya Masvingo, [[Zimbabwe]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNOSAT_TokweMukorsiDam_20140218.pdf &quot;Update:Flood water over Tokwe Mukorsi Dam&quot;] (PDF). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;Ke 90.3 metres (296 ft) tall mme e dira 1,750,000,000 m3 (1,420,000 acre⋅ft) reservoir, dam e kgolo go gaisa mo nageng. Seteišene sa motlakase sa metsi se na le maatla a le seome la bobedi (12 megawatts (16,000 hp).&lt;ref&gt;[http://nehandaradio.com/2014/02/15/cheap-design-linked-problems-tokwe-mukosi/ &quot;Cheap design linked to problems at Tokwe-Mukosi&quot;.] Nehanda Radio. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go agiwa ga letamo leno go simolotse ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabobgwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabedi (1998) mme go ne ga emisiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi(2008). Salini Impregilo e simolotse go fetsa go aga letamo leno ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011). Merwalela e e maatla ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ya ngwaga ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) e bakile go palelwa go sekae ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e thola bone (4), kwa ntlheng e e kwa tlase ya letamo. &lt;ref&gt;[http://digitaljournal.com/news/environment/water-gushes-over-crumbling-dam-wall-in-zimbabwe/article/369683 &quot;Water gushes over crumbling dam wall in Zimbabwe&quot;.] Digital Journal. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312103149/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/in-progress/dams-hydroelectric-plants-hydraulic-works/tokwe-mukorsi-dam.html &quot;Tokwe - Mukorsi Dam&quot;]. Salini Impregilo. Retrieved 25 February 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;Kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Tlhakole letamo le ne le ise le thubege ka botlalo, mme letamo le le neng le sa rulaganngwa le le neng le tlhatlogile kwa morago ga letamo le ne la dira gore batho ba fudugele kwa godimo ga noka.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/environment/update-tokwe-mukorsi-dam-in-zimbabwe/article/372939 &quot;Update: Tokwe Mukorsi dam in Zimbabwe&quot;]. Digital Journal. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014&lt;/ref&gt;Batho ba ba fetang dikete tse masome a mabedi (20 000) ba ne ba ntshiwa mo lefelong leno. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-04-14-in-photos-the-aftermath-of-zimbabwes-tokwe-mukorsi-dam-disaster/#.VKVoZivF-So &quot;In photos: The aftermath of Zimbabwe's Tokwe-Mukorsi dam disaster&quot;]. Daily Maverick. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;Go agiwa ga letamo go ne ga emisiwa ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone(2014) ka ntlha ya go tlhoka madi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/06/26/tokwe-mukorsi-construction-suspended/ &quot;Tokwe-Mukorsi construction suspended&quot;.] News Day. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thezimbabwean.co/news/zimbabwe-news/74430/tokwe-mukosi-dam-complete.html &quot;Tokwe Mukosi dam complete&quot;.] The Zimbabwean. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) puso e ne ya ntshetsa Salini Impregilio&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.webuildgroup.com/en/projects/dams-hydroelectric-plants/tokwe-mukosi-dam &quot;webuild&quot;.] ''www.webuildgroup.com''. Retrieved 9 March 2023&lt;/ref&gt; $35 million go kgontsha rakonteraka wa Italy go tsweletsa tiro ya go aga e e neng ya emisiwa dingwaga tse pedi tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya mathata a dituelo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/zimsit-m-tokwe-mukosi-dam-contractor-resumes-work-the-herald/ Tokwe-Mukosi Dam contractor resumes work]&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le ne la feleletsa le weditswe ka kgwedi ya  Sedimonthole wa ngwgaa wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro(2016) mme la tsenngwa tirisong ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa(2017).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.tugwimukosidam.com/facts/ &quot;Facts | Tugwi Mukosi Dam Frequently Asked Questions&quot;]. ''www.tugwimukosidam.com''. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Letamo la Mutange</title>
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      <text bytes="7969" sha1="s4bwfdlpvemdbp78y4prmld3vt4vtng" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Mutange Dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Mutange]]
'''Letamo la Mutange''', go kgabaganya Noka ya Mutange, ke letamo le le agilweng ke motho le le fitlhelwang kwa motseng wa Chisina, dikilometara di le masome a mararo kwa botlhaba jwa Gokwe le dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano  kwa bokonebophirima jwa moepo wa Empress, kwa Porofenseng ya Midlands ya Zimbabwe. Letamo la Mutange le dikilometara di le masome a mane le bobedi go tswa kwa Gokwe le dikilometara di le 49 go tswa kwa Empress, dikilometara di le lekgolo le lesome le bosupa go tswa kwa Kadoma le dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le borataro go tswa kwa Kwekwe ka Empress (dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le bosupa  ka Zhombe Joel). E mo diatleng tsa Lefapha la Metswedi ya Metsi le Tlhabololo.

== Se se diragetseng ==
Letamo la Mutange le ne la agiwa segolo go oketsa metsi a a tswang mo fossil borehole kwa Gokwe Centre. &lt;ref&gt;[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/826991468335974436/pdf/E44740AFR00ESM00Box382170B00PUBLIC0.pdf &quot;Govt Document E4474, HSBC Environment and Social Management Framework, Chapter 4.2.1 Hydrology page 56&quot;] (PDF). ''World Bank''. February 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;E na le bokgoni jwa 4.950 million m3.&lt;ref&gt;Dr. G. Gono (May 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181223084330/http://www.rbz.co.zw/assets/agriculture-vision-2007.pdf &quot;Drought Mitigation and Resuscitation Policies for the Agricultural Sector in Zimbabwe; Supplement 2 of 3 to the 1st Quarter Monetary Policy Statement&quot;] (PDF). ''Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe''. p. 65. Retrieved 3 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwa tshimologong, tlhotlhwa e e lekanyeditsweng ya go aga letamo e ne e le $8,224,504.00 (2010-2014), fela ka ntlha ya mathata a ikonomi a [[Zimbabwe]] e neng ya lebana le one a a tsereng nako e telele go a fetsa, e ne ya ja madi a a fetang $130 million ka ntlha ya tlhotlhwa ya madi le dikgwetlho tse dingwe tsa ikonomi le tsa sepolotiki.&lt;ref&gt;M Chiri (1 November 2011). [http://www.auditorgeneral.gov.zw/index.php/reports/category/1-special-audited-reports?download=9:specialauditedreports-management-of-dam-construction-and-water-supply-projects &quot;Report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General on the Management of Dam Construction and Water Supply Projects by the Zimbabwe Water Authority, Presented to Parliament of Zimbabwe in 2011. Table 3: Delay in completion of projects&quot;]. Zimbabwe Government. Retrieved 3 October 2018&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://allafrica.com/stories/200207220386.html &quot;Zimbabwe: New Multi-Million-Dollar Dam to End Gokwe Water Woes&quot;.] ''All Africa News''. Retrieved 3 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Go agiwa ga letamo leno go ne ga wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi lesome le borataro (2016).&lt;ref&gt;ZINWA (6 August 2018). [https://mobile.twitter.com/zinwawater/status/1017702428827881472/photo/1 &quot;This is Mutange Dam in Gokwe&quot;]. Twitter. Retrieved 3 October 2018. &lt;q&gt;It was completed in 2016 and will provide irrigation water to communities. Construction of the water conveyance works at the dam is underway. The dam will certainly improve many livelihoods in Gokwe&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Letamo la Mutange kwa Gokwe East, Chisina Village, Zimbabwe

== Ditirelo ==
Mapfungautsi Plateau's Masoro Descent kwa Gokwe ke mogogoro o mogolo wa metsi a a elelang go tswa kwa godimo go ya kwa metsweding ya Noka ya Mutange, e e tswang kwa borwabophirima jwa Letamo la Mutange. Noka ya Mutange e na le motswedi wa yone kwa godimo ga setlhaba sekgala sa 1.5 km kwa botlhaba jwa Kwekwe-Gokwe Highway (18°19′23′′S 29°06′25′′E). Noka ya Mutange ke nngwe ya melatswana ya Noka ya Sanyati, e e elelang mo Nokeng ya Zambezi.

== Baamogedi ==
Letamo la Mutange le tlamela diphologolo le batho ka metsi a a nowang. Kwa ntle ga baagi ba ba amilweng ke go agiwa ga letamo, ba ba neng ba tshwanelwa ke go fudusediwa kwa mafelong a mangwe ke puso ka madi a a ka nnang US$1.9 million,&lt;ref&gt;Minister of Finance (2014). [http://www.veritaszim.net/sites/veritas_d/files/2015%20Zimbabwe%20National%20Budget%20Statement_0.pdf &quot;2015 Zimbabwe National Budget Statement, Article 796, page 177: Presented to Parliament on 27 November, 2014 by Hon. P. A. Chinamasa, Minister of Finance and Economic Development&quot;] (PDF). ''Veritas Zimbabwe''. Retrieved 3 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;baagi ba bangwe ba ne ba amogela melemo ya lone ya nako e telele.

=== Sekema sa go Nosetsa sa kwa Mutange ===
Letamo la Mutange le mo kgaolong ya Agro-Ecological Region ya Zimbabwe, koo palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e leng 550 mm. Ka jalo, go nosetsa ke selo se se botlhokwa thata mo lefelong leno. Moduedi yo mogolo wa Letamo la Mutange ke Sekema sa go Nosetsa sa Mutange. Dithulaganyo tsa go pompa le go tsamaisa metsi kwa Letamong la Mutange di golaganya thulaganyo ya go nosetsa ka diphaepe tse di tsamayang dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano go ya kwa ntlheng ya tshimo ya diheketara di le lekgolo le masome a mararo le bone tsa lefatshe le le lengwang.&lt;ref&gt;Primrose Nyanzero (October 25, 2017). [https://www.chronicle.co.zw/concrete-laid-for-gwayi-shangani-dam/ &quot;Concrete laid for Gwayi-Shangani Dam&quot;.] ''The Chronicle''. Retrieved 8 August 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Toropo ya Chisina ===
Toropo ya Chisina, e e reeletsweng ka kgosi ya Chisina, sekgele sa makgolo a supa le botlhano kwa botlhaba jwa Letamo la Mtange, e ikaegile ka letamo leno go bona metsi. (18°12′18′′S 29°14′29′′E)

Toropo e kwa Mapfungautsi Parliamentary Constituency, Gokwe South District. Matlo a segompieno, go akaretsa le holo ya kgotla ya ga Kgosana Chisina, a agilwe mo motseng.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.zbc.co.zw/major-facelift-for-gokwe/ &quot;Major facelift for Gokwe&quot;.] ''Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation''. 24 June 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go agiwa ga holo ya kgotla go ka nna ga bo go supa go amogelwa ke puso ga ditlhogo tsa Chisina tse di ntseng di sa itse sepe ka dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa ka ntlha ya kgotlhang le ditlhogo tsa Njelele tse di bapileng le tsone. Kwa tshimologong Gumbero, yo gape a neng a bidiwa Chisina, e ne e le kgosi ya karolo e e botoka ya kgaolo ya Mapfungautsi, morago Sebungwe Botlhaba, kgaolo e e kgabagantsweng ke dinoka tsa Ngondoma le Munyati kwa botlhaba le borwabotlhaba. Melelwane e mebedi e megolo ya tlholego e kgaoganya kgaolo ya Gokwe Botlhaba go tswa kwa porofenseng ya Mashonaland Bophirima kwa botlhaba le kgaolo ya Kwekwe ya porofense ya Midlands kwa borwabotlhaba jwa kgaolo ya ga Tlhogo Chisina.

Bosetlhogo jwa Chisina (Gumbero) bo simolotse kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabobedi fa Chihwechematanda a ne a bo tlhoma fa a goroga go tswa kwa Buhera mo porofenseng ya Mashonaland East ya gompieno. Tlhogo ya bobedi ya Gumbero e ne e le Mataruka, wa boraro e ne e le Makuvidziri, wa bone e ne e le Chinengwere mme wa botlhano e le Mudyachawaona yo o neng a tlhatlosiwa maemo go nna tlhogo ya morafe ka fa tlase ga Tlhogo Njelele ke puso ya Rhodesia ka dingwaga tsa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane(1940). Mookamedi wa borataroGumbero, wa ntlha go bidiwa Mookamedi Chisina, e ne e le Tendaupenyu. Fa puso ya nako eo e ne e mmotsa gore o itse gore ke melelwane efe e Kgosana Njelele a e kgabagantseng, o ne a re, &quot;Ndave nechigaro CHISINA chinhu&quot;, mo go rayang gore, &quot;Setulo sa me sa bogosi ga se na sepe&quot;. Go tswa foo o ne a sotliwa ke CHISINA, mme o ne a amogela go sotliwa jalo e le tsela ya go ipelaetsa. Mmuso wa Zimbabwe o santse o sa rarabolola kgotlhang ya Tlhogo ya Njelele le Tlhogo ya Chisina ka kagiso.&lt;ref&gt;Edith Karimanzira (December 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181012014539/http://saspjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/SJAHSS-512C1896-1903.pdf &quot;Understanding the Emergence and Solving of Protracted Social Conflicts in Zimbabwe: the Case of Gumbero/Chisina – Njelele Chieftainship Conflict 1940 - 2015&quot;] (PDF). ''Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences''. pp. 1896–1903. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="1783" sha1="0euvwdhame7n6w8ir2h0mmvypeez3wj" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Midmar''' ke letamo le le kopantsweng la gravity &amp; earth-fill le lefelo la boitapoloso le le gaufi le Howick le Pietermaritzburg, [[Aforika Borwa]]. Go tsamaya ka mokoro, go thuma, go thuma mo godimo ga metsi, go ya kwa pikiniking le go tshwara ditlhapi ke dilo tse di ratiwang thata kwa Letamong la Midmar. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814135206/http://devplan.kzntl.gov.za/Municipal/IDPs/uMgungundlovu/Phase%201%20Analysis/uM%20-%20Part%203%20Environment%20SQ%207.doc uMgungundlovu IDP - Phase one: part 3 - Analysis Report&quot;]. KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Government. Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2009&lt;/ref&gt;Ngwaga le ngwaga, go tshwarwa lobelo lwa go thuma lwa Midmar Mile koo, lo batlhami ba lone ba lo bitsang &quot;mokete o mogolo go gaisa otlhe wa go thuma mo metsing a a bulegileng mo lefatsheng&quot;. Go ne ga amogelwa dikopo tse di fetang 20 000 tsa go nna teng mo tiragalong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobanongwe(2009). Letamo la Midmar le kwa Midlands kwa KwaZulu-Natal. Maikaelelo magolo a letamo le ke go dirisiwa ke bo bogolo jwa mmasepala le madirelo mme kotsi ya lone e tsewa e le kgolo (3).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202072000/http://www.fwr.org/wrcsa/1225104.htm &quot;Quantification of factors affecting coagulation of water with cationic polymers and laboratory methods for determining these effects&quot;.] Foundation for Water Research. January 2004. Retrieved 9 February 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Morgenzon e na le mafelo a go kampa le a dikharabane, a a nang le motlakase le a a se nang one. Letamo le na gape le na le yacht club,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.hmyc.org.za/ &quot;Home&quot;.] ''hmyc.org.za''.&lt;/ref&gt;le go tswala mafelo a polokelo ya dikepe.

Matamo a Midmar a fitlhelelwa motlhofo go tswa mo tseleng ya N3.

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    <title>Letsha la Naivasha</title>
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      <text bytes="7095" sha1="6vv5vi4g3fv0isqzylls1ca0tqlhhny" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Naivasha lake.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Naivasha]]
'''Letsha la Naivasha''' ke letsha la metsi a a phepa kwa [[Kenya]], kwa ntle ga toropo ya Naivasha kwa Nakuru County, bokone bophirima jwa Nairobi kwa Great Rift Valley. Leina le tswa mo leineng la selegae la Maasai ɛnaɨpɔ́sha, le le rayang &quot;se se tlhatlogang&quot;, lefoko le le tlwaelegileng la Maasai le le rayang metsi a a lekaneng go nna le makhubu fa go na le phefo kgotsa fa go na le sefefo. Naivasha e ne ya simologa fa Baesemane ba ne ba leka go bitsa leina la Masai. Tota, Lake Naivasha e raya &quot;Lake Lake&quot;.

== Lefelo ==
Letsha la Naivasha ke letsha la metsi a a phepa le le kwa Rift Valley kwa Kenya. Ke motswako o o raraaneng wa matlapa a lekgwamolelo le matlapana a a tswang mo letsheng le legolo la motlha wa Pleistocene. Kwantle ga melatswana e e elelang ka nakwana, letsha leno le nosediwa ke dinoka tse di sa kgaleng tsa Malewa le Gilgil. Ga go itsege gore letsha leno le tswa kae, mme e re ka metsi a lone a le metsi a a foreshe, go akanngwa gore le tswa ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;Harper, David M. (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3Q1pfcjMae8C&amp;pg=PA1 Lake Naivasha, Kenya]''. Springer. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-4020-1236-5|&lt;bdi&gt;1-4020-1236-5&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Letsha leno le ne le na le bogodimo jwa disekwerekilometara di le lesome le masome a robabongwe pele ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome , &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE NAIVASHA BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION&quot; (characteristics), M.K. Arusei, J. K Sanga, M.P Tole, Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental Studies, [[:en:Moi_University|Moi University,]] P.O Box 3900 [[:en:Eldoret,_Kenya|Eldoret, Kenya,]] webpage:[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050612173509/http://www.unep.org/gef/content/pdf/35-Arusei.pdf UNEP-Moi-Arusei-PDF] Archived 2005-06-12 at the [[:en:Library_of_Congress|Library of Congress]] Web Archives&lt;/ref&gt;mme la oketsega go nna disekwerekilometara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi  ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi ( 2020). &lt;ref&gt;Tobiko, Keriako (2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf &quot;Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria&quot;] (PDF). ''Kenya Government and UNDP''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-03-16.&lt;/ref&gt;E dikologilwe ke seretse sa 64 square kilometres (25 sq mi), se se farologanang go ikaegile ka pula. E bogodimo jwa 1,884 metres (6,181 ft),&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;letsha le na le boteng jwa 6 metres (20 ft), mme lefelo le le boteng go gaisa le kwa Crescent Island, ka boteng jwa 30 metres (98 ft).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kgogometso ya Njorowa e kile ya bo e le kwa letsha le tswang teng, mme gone jaanong e kwa godimo ga letsha mme e dira kgoro ya Hell's Gate National Park. Toropo ya Naivasha (e pele e neng e bidiwa Nakuru Botlhaba) e mo ntlheng ya bokonebotlhaba jwa letsha leno.

== Tikologo ==
Letsha leno le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo tsa naga go akaretsa le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mane  ya dinonyane le palo e kgolo ya dinonyane tsa naga. Ditlhapi tse di mo letsheng leno di ile tsa fetoga thata fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, di tlhotlhelediwa ke go fetoga ga tlelaemete, maiteko a go tshwara ditlhapi le go tsenngwa ga mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi. Phetogo ya bosheng mo palong ya ditlhapi e ne ya latela go tsenngwa ga carp ka phoso ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso ( 2001). &lt;ref&gt;Becht, R., Odada, E. O., &amp; Higgins, S. (2005). Lake Naivasha: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. Managing lakes and basins for sustainable use, a report for lake basin managers and stakeholders (pp. 277–298). Kusatsu: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)&lt;/ref&gt;Dingwaga di le robongwe morago ga moo, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010), carp e e tlwaelegileng e ne e le 90% ya ditlhapi tse di tshwerweng mo letsheng. &lt;ref&gt;Lake Naivasha Annual Fisheries Report, 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

Go na le matsha a mabedi a mannye mo tikologong ya Letsha la Naivasha: Letsha la Oloiden le Letsha la Sonachi (letsha le letala le le mo khuting). Lefelo la Tshireletso ya Diphologolo la Crater Lake le gaufi le lone, fa lotshitshi lwa letsha lone lo itsege ka baagi ba lone ba ba tswang kwa Yuropa le ba ba neng ba nna koo.

== Ditso ==
Fa gare ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le bo supa (1937) le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano (1950), letsha leno le ne le dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la go kotama la mekoro e e fofang mo tseleng ya bapalami le poso ya Imperial Airways go tswa kwa Southampton kwa Boritane go ya kwa Afrika Borwa. E ne e golaganya Kisumu le Nairobi. Joy Adamson, mokwadi wa Born Free, o ne a nna mo lotshitshing lwa letsha leno mo bogareng jwa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960). Mo lotshitshing lwa letsha leno go na le Oserian (&quot;Djinn Palace&quot;), e e neng ya tuma thata mo metlheng ya Happy Valley fa gare ga dintwa tse pedi tsa lefatshe. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999), Mokgatlho wa Lake Naivasha Riparian o ne wa amogela Sekgele sa Ramsar sa go Sireletsa Mafatshe a a Ntseng a le metsi ka ntlha ya maiteko a one a go sireletsa lefelo la Ramsar la Lake Naivasha.

== Temothuo le madirelo ==
Temothuo ya dithunya ke yone e e dirang tiro e kgolo go dikologa letsha leno. Le fa go ntse jalo, go dirisiwa ga metsi a letsha ka tsela e e sa laolegeng go nosetsa go dira gore metsi a letsha a fokotsege mme seno se dira gore batho ba tshwenyege kwa Kenya.  Go tshwara ditlhapi mo letsheng ke motswedi wa ditiro le lotseno mo baaging ba lefelo leno. Letsha leno le ne le na le maemo a a farologaneng mme le ne la batla le omelela gotlhelele ka bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe (1890). Ka kakaretso, selekanyo sa metsi a a mo matsheng se tsamaisana le dipula tse di nang mo lefelong le le nang le metsi.

Letsha la Naivasha, le le kileng la tlhalosiwa jaaka letlotlo la bogosi la matsha otlhe a Aforika Botlhaba, mo dingwageng tse di lesome tse di fetileng le ne la tlhaselwa ke kgatelelo e kgolo ya batho, e seng fela go tlhomiwa ga madirelo a magolo a temothuo le temothuo go bapa le dintshi tsa letsha, mme gape le go oketsega ga metswedi ya dikotla tse di tswang mo sedibeng, metsi a a leswe le metswedi e mengwe e e tswang mo bathong ba ba nnang gaufi le letsha ba jaanong ba atamelang batho ba le milione. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Megaceryle maxima (Pallas). African Giant Kingfisher. Alcyon géant.&quot;, ''The Birds of Africa'', Academic Press Limited, 1988, doi:[[doi:10.5040/9781472927002.0171|10.5040/9781472927002.0171,]] ISBN 978-1-4729-2700-2&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981), semela sa ntlha sa mogote sa letsha la Naivasha se ne sa tsenngwa mo tirisong mme ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano ( 1985), palogotlhe ya 45 MW ya motlakase e ne e tlhagisiwa mo lefelong leo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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    <title>Letamo la Thwake</title>
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      <text bytes="5111" sha1="a8sz87na8727nm0jx36o8pt5nf969x8" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Thwake''' kgotsa '''lenaneo la tlhabololo metsi la Thwake''', ke dikago tsa letamo tse di agiwang kwa [[Noka ya Athi|nokeng ya Athi]] kwa [[Kenya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Otieno, Jullias. [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-07-09-uhuru-thwake-dam-construction-will-be-complete-by-june-next-year &quot;Uhuru: Thwake Dam construction will be complete by June next year&quot;.] ''The Star''. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://constructionreviewonline.com/thwake-multi-purpose-dam-project-timeline-and-all-you-need-to-know/ &quot;Thwake Multi-purpose Dam project timeline and all you need to know&quot;.] ''Construction Review Online''. 2021-07-13. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le maikaelelo ke gore le nne letamo la ditiro tse di farologaneng le le ntshang metsi a a nowang, a a nosetsang, go fetlha motlakase le tse dingwe tsa metsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Le baya metsi a seelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi, tiriso a one e le go nosa magae, Konza le magae a mangwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Letamo le lopa madi a disheleng tsa Kenya a le dibilone di le masome a mararo le bosupa, le agiwa ke kompone ya China Gezhouba Group.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Koech, Gilbert (25 October 2020). [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-10-25-nema-shifts-focus-to-athi-after-nairobi-river-cleaned-up &quot;Nema shifts focus to Athi after Nairobi River cleaned up&quot;.] ''The Star''. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt; Madi a ntshitswe ke lekgotla la African Development Fund.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230816192006/https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/VProject/show/P-KE-E00-008 &quot;Kenya - Thwake Multi-purpose Water Development Programme – Phase I&quot;.] ''projectsportal.afdb.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikarolo ==
Kago le go diriwa ga porojeke go kgaogantswe ka dikarolo di le nne:&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Ministry of Water, Sanitation, and Irrigation (2024). [https://water.go.ke/sites/default/files/2025-01/TOR-CONSULTANCY%20SERVICES%20TO%20UNDERTAKE%20STAKEHOLDER%20AWARENESS%20AND%20COMMUNITY%20SENSITIZATION%20COMMUNICATION%20CAMPAIGNS%20ON%20DAM%20BREAK%20AND%20EMERGENCY%20PREPAREDNESS%20.pdf &quot;Terms of Reference: Consultancy Services to Undertake Stakeholder Awareness and Community Sensitization Communication Campaigns on Dam Break and Emergency Preparedness&quot;] (PDF). Government of Kenya. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Karolo ya ntlha''': Kago ya lebotana la letamo le tsela ya go ntsha metsi kwa tlase ga noka ya Athi le noka ya Thwake. Lebotana le le dimithara di le masome a robabobedi go ya kwa godimo, le na le seelo sa dimithara di le didikadike di le makgolo a marataro, masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;Ministry of Water, Sanitation, and Irrigation (2025). &quot;[https://www.water.go.ke/sites/default/files/2025-01/TOR%20for%20identification%20of%20Dam%20Managament%20and%20Operations%20Agency.pdf Terms of Reference for Identification of Dam Management and Operations Agency&quot;] (PDF). Government of Kenya. Retrieved 2026-06-18.&lt;/ref&gt; Kago e simolotse ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2018,e ne e tshwanetse go fediwa ka Ngwanatsele 2022 mme e ne ya diega ka ntlha ya madi le segajaja sa COVID-19, e solofetswe go fela ka Seetebosigo 2025.&lt;ref&gt;Marita, Bosco (2024-10-02). [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-10-02-thwake-dam-phase-1-to-be-complete-by-june-2025-cs-muuga &quot;Thwake Dam phase 1 to be complete by June 2025 - CS Muuga&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wanza, Prudence (2024-06-18). [https://www.kbc.co.ke/thwake-dam-project-hits-milestone-with-completion-of-embankment-area/ &quot;Thwake Dam project hits milestone with completion of embankment area&quot;]. ''KBC Digital''. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Karolo ya bobedi:''' Go tlaa diriwa mafaratlhatlha a go fetlha motlaka se mo letamong ka seelo sa di megawatts di le masome mabedi.&lt;ref&gt;ResearchGate (2024). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383037329_Probable_Project_Charter_Thwake_Multi-Purpose_Dam_Project &quot;Probable Project Charter: Thwake Multi-Purpose Dam Project&quot;.] ResearchGate. Retrieved 2026-06-18.&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Karolo ya boraro:''' E itebagantse le mafaratlhatlha a go isa metsi le kgopo leswe go direla batho ba ba kwa Kitui le Makueni. Tsamaiso ya go okamela metsi a a leswe e dirilwe e le bontlha jwa karolo e.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

'''Karolo ya bone:''' Go diriwa ga mafaratlhatlha a go nosetsa lefelo la bophara jwa diheketara di le dikete di le masome a mane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Matshwenyego a kgotlhelesego ==
Letlhoko la metsi a a nowang go tswa kwa letamong go ne ga baka diporojeke di le mmalwa tsa tshomarelo tikologo, e le maiteko a go dira metsi a a phepa jaaka kwa [[Makgobokgobo a Ondiri|makgobokgobong a Ondiri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Fa godimmo ga foo, madirelo a le mantsi a ne a tshololela metsi mo nokeng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ka Phukwi 2021, letamo le ne la kgalelwa go tlhoka metsi a a phepa ke Nancy Gathungu o e leng mosekaseki, ka ntlha ya kgotlhelesego ya mafelo a tshwana le [[noka ya Athi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://peopledaily.digital/ &quot;Sh81b Thwake Dam project water 'unfit for human use'&quot;.] ''People Daily''. 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letsha la Kyoga</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="6688" sha1="nuhtgaqt5dyf0921bo3xwgq7rc76p09" xml:space="preserve">'''Letsha la Kyoga''' kgotsa '''Letsha la Kioga''' (le le rayang 'lefelo la go thuma' ka puo ya Runyoro) ke letsha le legolo le le seng boteng kwa Uganda, le le ka nnang 1,720 km2 (660 sq mi) &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150204122325/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=AFR-15 &quot;Lake Kyoga&quot;.] ''World Lakes Database''. 1999. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015&lt;/ref&gt;ka bogolo le bogodimo jwa 1,033 metres.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325970 Lake Kyoga] at the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-starts-irrigation-schemes-in-serere-4621462 &quot;Govt starts irrigation schemes in Serere&quot;]. ''Monitor''. 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-05-21&lt;/ref&gt; Victoria Nile e elela go ralala letsha mo tseleng ya yone go tswa kwa Lake Victoria go ya kwa Lake Albert. Metsi a magolo a a tswang mo Letsheng la Victoria a laolwa ke Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Nalubaale kwa Jinja. Motswedi o mongwe wa metsi ke kgaolo ya Thaba ya Elgon e e mo molelwaneng wa Uganda le Kenya. Le fa gone Letsha la Kyoga e le karolo ya thulaganyo ya African Great Lakes, lone ka bolone ga le tsewe e le letsha le legolo.

Letsha leno le boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 5,7 mme bontsi jwa lone ga le boteng jwa dimetara di le nne .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Mafelo a a boteng jo bo kwa tlase ga dimetara tse tharo a khurumeditswe gotlhelele ke dithunya tsa metsi, fa bontsi jwa lotshitshi lo lo nang le motlhaba lo khurumeditswe ke papyrus le hyacinth ya metsi e e tlhaselang. Gape papirase eno e dira ditlhaketlhake tse di kokobalang tse di tsamayang fa gare ga ditlhaketlhake tse dinnye tse di nnelang ruri. Mawatle ano a dikologilwe ke mafelo a magolo a a nang le metsi a a tswang mo melatswaneng le dinokeng.

Ditlhaba tsa yone di akaretsa; Lake Kwania, Lake Bisina, Lake Bugondo le Lake Opeta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Diphologolo le go tshwara ditlhapi ==
Go na le dikwena di le dintsi tsa Nile, fela jaaka go na le diphologolo tse di tshelang mo metsing. Go na le bobotlana mefuta e le masome a marataro ya di-haplochromine cichlid, mmogo le mefuta e mengwe e sekae ya ditlhapi tse di jaaka sardine ya Letsha la Victoria le marble lungfish. Bontsi jwa di-haplochromine cichlids ke tsa selegae, mme di amana thata le mefuta ya letsha la Victoria,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Green, J. (2009). &quot;The Kyoga Catchment&quot;. In H.J. Dumont (ed.). ''The Nile''. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 205–214. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9725-6|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4020-9725-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Mwanja, W.W.; A.S. Armoudlian; S.B. Wandera; L. Kaufman; L. Wu; G.C. Booton; P.A. Fuerst (2001). &quot;The bounty of minor lakes: the role of small satellite water bodies in evolution and conservation of fishes in the Lake Victoria Region, East Africa&quot;. ''Hydrobiologia''. '''458''' (1): 55–62. doi:[[doi:10.1023/A:1013167725047|10.1023/A:1013167725047.]] S2CID 6439470&lt;/ref&gt;mme di bontsha maemo a a tshwanang a go farologana go ya ka mokgwa wa go ja.&lt;ref&gt;Mbabazi, D.; R. Ogutu-Ohwayo; S.B. Wandera; Y. Kiziito (2004). &quot;Fish species and trophic diversity of haplochromine cichlids in the Kyoga satellite lakes (Uganda)&quot;. ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''42''' (1): 59–68. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00492.x|10.1111/j.0141-6707.2004.00492.x.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Ba-Kyoga cichlids ba akaretsa mefuta e e tlhalositsweng jaaka Haplochromis latifasciatus le H. worthingtoni, le e e sa tlhalosiwang jaaka H. sp. &quot;Kyoga flameback&quot; le H. sp. &quot;ruby&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100714054245/http://african-cichlid.com/Lake_Victoria.htm Bauman, K. &quot;African Cichlids from the Lake Victoria basin&quot;]. Retrieved 25 September 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;Fela jaaka kwa Letsheng la Victoria, di-Kyoga cichlids di ile tsa nyelediwa ke di-Nile perch tse di tsentsweng mo nageng mme mefuta mengwe ya tsone e setse e nyeletse. E re ka Kyoga ka kakaretso e se boteng e bile e na le seretse, dikarolo dingwe tsa yone tse di bidiwang &quot;matsha a disathalaete&quot; di kgaogane le letsha le legolo ka ditsela tse di farologaneng. Palo ya di-haplochromine cichlids tse di sa ntseng di tshela mo karolong nngwe le nngwe e amana ka tlhamalalo le maemo a di-perch tsa Nile. Le fa e le yone e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe, go na le mefuta e e ka fa tlase ga e lemasome a matlhano ya di-haplochromine tse di tshelang mo karolong e kgolo e di-perch tsa Nile di fitlhelwang thata mo go yone. Fa go bapisiwa, matsha a mannye thata a Lemwa, Nyaguo le Nawampasa ga a na di-perch tsa Nile, le fa go ntse jalo, go na le mefuta e le masome a matlhao ya di-haplochromine tse di tshelang mo go lengwe le lengwe la matsha ano a mabedi a ntlha, le e le masome a marataro mo go a bofelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, matsha a mannye a sathalaete a Nakuwa le Nyasala koo Nile perch e leng ntsi teng a na le di-haplochromine tse di ka fa tlase ga masome a mararo  le tlhano tse di falotseng ka go latelana. Se gape se raya gore go thaya ditlhapi mo letsheng la Kyoga go fetogile ka iketlo go tswa mo go tshwareng mefuta e le mentsi ya ditshedi tse di tlholegang mo letsheng la Victoria, go ya go tshwareng di-sardine tsa letsha la Victoria, di-perch tsa Nile le di-tilapia tsa Nile&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Witte, F.; M. de Graaf; O.C. Mkumbo; A.I. El-Moghraby; F.A. Sibbing (2009). &quot;Fisheries in the Nile System&quot;. In H.J. Dumont (ed.). ''The Nile''. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 723–748. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9725-6|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4020-9725-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;(di-tilapia tse pedi tse di tlholegang mo letsheng leno, e leng Singida le Victoria, di setse di sa tlwaelega, ntle fela le mo matsheng a mangwe a e seng a tlholego).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006), ke fela diphesente tse nne ya ditlhapi tse di neng di le di-haplochromine cichlids.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Dimela ==
[[Setshwantsho:Lake Kyoga Papyrus.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Kyoga]]
Letsha la Kyoga le na le dimela tse di akaretsang Pistia stratiotes (lekalana la metsi), Cyperus papyrus, Vossia cuspidata (setlhare sa hippo) le water lily (Nymphaea spp.).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240521070219/https://www.globalnature.org/35625/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Kyoga/resindex.aspx#:~:text=Lake%20Kyoga%20has%20a%20rich,also%20found%20in%20the%20lake. &quot;GNF - Lake Kyoga&quot;]. ''www.globalnature.org''. Archived from the original on 2024-05-21. Retrieved 2024-05-21&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3596 &quot;Lake Kyoga&quot;.] ''World Lake Database''. International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Retrieved 2025-10-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Voi</title>
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      <comment>#AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA  Noka ya Voi</comment>
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      <text bytes="2934" sha1="f4lp7ttx6tlzein4y2vf1giqlp1qlof" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Dry stream bed of the Voi River east of the Aruba Dam in the Tsavo East National Park, Kenya 3.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Voi]]
'''Noka ya Voi'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&amp;where=full_name%3D+%27Voi%27 Voi (Variant)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server]], [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]&lt;/ref&gt;('''Noka ya Goshi'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&amp;where=full_name%3D+%27Goshi%27 Goshi (Approved)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server,]] [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]&lt;/ref&gt; ke noka mo Coast Province, Kenya, Afrika Botlhaba. E simologa kwa Taita Hills mme e elela go feta toropo ya Voi le go ralala Tsavo East National Park pele e tshologela mo lewatleng kwa Kilifi. Boleele jwa yone ke dikilometara di le  makgolo a mabedi le lesome(130 mi). &lt;ref&gt;download rsrs049.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;Le fa go ntse jalo, ka paka ya komelelo, ke dikilometara tsa bofelo di le masome a le robedi (tse di kwa tlase) fela tse di nang le metsi.

== Letamo la Aruba ==
Letamo la Aruba le ne la agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bobedi go kgabaganya Noka ya Voi. Letamo le le tlhodilweng ke letamo leno le ngoka diphologolo tse dintsi le dinonyane tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;Caputo, Philip (2002). &quot;Among the Man-Eaters (from ''National Geographic Adventure'')&quot;. ''The Best American Travel Writing 2001''. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 47–74, page 54. ISBN [[0-618-11877-2.|&lt;bdi&gt;0-618-11877-2&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ayeni, J. S. O. (July 1977). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00128325.1977.11662879 &quot;Some Aspects of Evolution and Management of Waterholes in Tsavo National Park (East), Kenya&quot;.] ''East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal''. '''43''' (1): 45–69. doi[[doi:10.1080/00128325.1977.11662879|:10.1080/00128325.1977.11662879.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-8325 0012-8325].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Molomo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Lake of the Aruba Dam next to the Ashnil Aruba Lodge from the east during the evening in the Tsavo East National Park, Kenya 7.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Voi]]
Kwa molomong wa Voi, noka eno e elela mo Goshi Estuary. Noka ya Goshi e elela go tsena mo molomong o o pitlaganeng koo go nang le borogo magareng ga Shauri Moyo le Kilifi. &lt;ref&gt;Weiss, Robert; Bahlburg, Heinrich (2006). [https://zenodo.org/record/1236210 &quot;The Coast of Kenya Field Survey after the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami&quot;.] ''Earthquake Spectra''. '''22''' (S3): 238. Bibcode:2006EarSp..22..235W. doi:[[doi:10.1193/1.2201970|10.1193/1.2201970.]] S2CID 110486072.&lt;/ref&gt;Molomo wa yone o bidiwa Kilifi Creek mme o boleele jwa dikilometara di le tharo magareng ga noka le lewatle.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Rainwater harvesting</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359695919|Rainwater harvesting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3377" sha1="t974v53m746yhwh3nl32vylwodu6rl4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;__LEAD_SECTION__&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359695919|Rainwater harvesting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6780" sha1="jvty6znczc8ewlt870gcl0qn8khn7ve" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __LEAD_SECTION__ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Uses&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359695919|Rainwater harvesting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="15279" sha1="pgubrjzl8chghimoy0o4k7k7mgaxsph" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __LEAD_SECTION__ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya ya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga tsewa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata ya madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
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      <comment>translated to proper Setswana.#ACW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA #ACW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15276" sha1="3xoa7oa4uvi2r7ysoa4hc91ij9tw71l" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __LEAD_SECTION__ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga tsewa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata ya madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3xoa7oa4uvi2r7ysoa4hc91ij9tw71l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>50913</id>
      <parentid>50912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T14:01:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>translated to proper Setswana.#ACW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA #ACW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>50913</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15287" sha1="au5ch4y12dm5gwgom4ugz65b0nd273q" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga tsewa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata ya madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="22898" sha1="qnx7htq1cxu9wdi8n4x02e1r0ah8ngd" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga tsewa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata ya madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qnx7htq1cxu9wdi8n4x02e1r0ah8ngd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>50915</id>
      <parentid>50914</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T15:56:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>proper Setswana translation. #ACW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>50915</origin>
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      <text bytes="22914" sha1="obmoiv5ox7rb5dcxdui2j9row3h00hx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="22944" sha1="9ur6bv5avap5ltqs8x53vofbm90qqpp" xml:space="preserve">'''GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA'''[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="22914" sha1="obmoiv5ox7rb5dcxdui2j9row3h00hx" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Advantages&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359695919|Rainwater harvesting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="34431" sha1="l0ud6up6y4e1pq4dwa35yveaq4cf1uu" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo tirong ya tikologo ya thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCain2014&quot;&gt;Cain, Nicholas L. (2014). &quot;A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting&quot;. ''Consilience'' (12): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;147–&lt;/span&gt;157. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1948-3074 1948-3074]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26476158 26476158].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Setswana translation. #ACW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
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      <text bytes="34015" sha1="itf4n6v0251vj95sr7n6caa43lktlw6" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go diriweng ga thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Limitations&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359695919|Rainwater harvesting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="39901" sha1="9g073xh614or6ttb2ztihuk1qm598yi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go diriweng ga thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgoreletsi ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tsela e e dirisiwang thata go boloka metsi a pula mo mafatsheng a nang le dikgang tsa leuba. Dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa dipatlisiso di supile le go simolodisa mefuta le bogeteniki jo bo farologaneng go tlhopha mafelo a a siametseng go beeletswa ga metsi a pula. Dipatlisiso dingwe di ne tsa supiwa le go tlhophiwa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go ka agiwang matamo, mmogo le go bona moagi wa moalo mo ArcMap 10.4.1. Moalo yo o ne wa kopanya dipharametara di le mmalwa, jaaka go kgokologa, bokgoni jwa go elela ga metsi, khurumetso/tiriso ya lefatshe, thulaganyo ya molatswana, boleng jwa mmu, le kitso tsa metsi go bona gore lefelo le siametse go beeletsa a metsi a pula. 

Metsi a a beeleditsweng go tswa mo dithulaganyong tsa RWH a ka nna mannye ka nako ya pula e e kwa tlase ga palogare mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng tsa ditoropo jaaka Botlhabagare . RWH e mosola mo mafelong a a tlhabologang ka gonne e kokoanya metsi go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo gae. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a kgobokantsweng a tshwanetse go sefiwa sentle go netefatsa gore a nowa ka pabalesego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=J. |last2=Husary |first2=S. |last3=Gunkel |first3=A. |last4=Bastian |first4=D. |last5=Grodek |first5=T. |date=2012-03-06 |title=Potentials and limits of urban rainwater harvesting in the Middle East |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |url-status=live |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=715–724 |bibcode=2012HESS...16..715L |doi=10.5194/hess-16-715-2012 |issn=1607-7938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023556/https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |archive-date=2022-07-10 |access-date=2020-11-28 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boleng jwa metsi ===
Metsi a pula a ka tlhoka go sekasekwa sentle, le go dirisiwa ka tsela e e maleba go lebilwe pabalesego ya one. Ka sekai, kwa kgaolong ya Gansu, go bolaya megare mo metsing ka letsatsi go dirisiwa ka go bedisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo dipitseng tsa letsatsi tsa pharabola pele ga a dirisiwa go nowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90781/6248934.html|last1=Chen|first1=Xuefei|title=Rainwater harvesting benefits farmers in Gansu|journal=People's Daily Online|date=27 August 2007|access-date=10 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mekgwa e e bidiwang &quot; maranyane a a maleba &quot; ye etlamela ka megopolo ya go bolaya megare e e mo metsing a a bolokilweng ka tlhwatlhwatlase go a phepafaletsa go nowa.

Le fa metsi a pula ka boone e le motswedi o o phepa wa metsi, gantsi a le botoka go feta metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kgotsa metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng kgotsa mo makadibeng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hatch |first=Jacob |title=The Many Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting |url=https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213021007/https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-date=13 December 2016 |access-date=3 August 2018 |website=Hydration Anywhere}}&lt;/ref&gt; thulaganyo ya go a kokoanya le go a boloka gantsi e tlogela metsi a kgotlelegile e bile a sa nowe. Metsi a pula a a tsewang mo marulelong a ka nna le mantle a batho, diphologolo le dinonyane, di- moss le di- lichen, lerole le le fokisiwang ke phefo, dikarolwana tse di tswang mo kgotlhelong ya toropo, dibolaya-ditshedi, le di-ione tse di sa tsheleng go tswa mo lewatleng ( Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 ), le digase tse di tswakilweng ( &lt;sub&gt;CO&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt; ). Go fitlhetswe selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibolaya-ditshedi tmo metsing a pula kwa Yuropa ka dilekanyo tse di kwa godimo tse di diragalang mo puleng ya ntlha ka bonako morago ga nako ya komelelo;  kgobokano ya dikgotleletsi tse le tse dingwe e fokodiwa thata ka go faposa go elela ga ntlha ga metsi a a elelang go ya kwa matlakaleng. Boleng jo bo tokafaditsweng jwa metsi bo ka bonwa gape ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go goga go phaphamisiwa (go na le go tswa mo botlaseng jwa tanka) le ka go dirisa motseletsele wa ditanka, gogela morago go tswa mo go tsa bofelo mo motseletseleng. Go sefiwa pele ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo madirelong go dira gore thulaganyo e nne e itekanetse le go netefatsa gore metsi a a tsenang mo tankeng ga a na motlhaba yo montsi.

Kgopolo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula le go a phepafatsa ka marang a letsatsi go nowa mo malapeng a kwa magaeng e tlhamilwe ke Sekolo sa Patlisiso sa Temothuo sa Nimbkar . &lt;ref name=&quot;Patange-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Low cost drinking water technology – rainwater harvesting with solar purification. Current Science, Vol. 118, No.6, 25 March 2020 |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119182928/https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgopolo, thulaganyo ya phatlalatso ya metsi e tshwanetse go tsamaisana le boleng jwa metsi le modirisi wa bofelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafatsheng a mantsi a a tlhabologileng thata, metsi a a nowang a boleng jo bo kwa godimo a dirisediwa ditiriso tsotlhe. Mokgwa yo o senya madi le maatla mme o dira gore tikologo e nne le ditlamorago tse di sa tlhokegeng. Go tlamela ka metsi a pula a a fetileng mo dikgatong tsa ntlha tsa go sefa tsa tiriso ya metsi a a sa noweng, jaaka go fetisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa, le go tlhatswa diaparo, e ka nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya leano la taolo ya metsi le le tswelelang.

Ditanka tsa metsi a pula gape di ka nna jaaka bonno jwa menang e e nang le megare. Ka ntlha ya seo, go tshwanetse ga tlhokomelwa go netefatsa gore menang e e namagadi ga e kgone go tsena mo tankeng go baya mae. Ditlhapi tse di jang dibokwana le tsone di ka tsenngwa mo tankeng, kgotsa e ka alafiwa ka dikhemikhale.</text>
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      <text bytes="39944" sha1="9vvx30u4cf4wcpnn9kzrb2t0sxwsy9k" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go diriweng ga thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgoreletsi ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tsela e e dirisiwang thata go boloka metsi a pula mo mafatsheng a nang le dikgang tsa leuba. Dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa dipatlisiso di supile le go simolodisa mefuta le bogeteniki jo bo farologaneng go tlhopha mafelo a a siametseng go beeletswa ga metsi a pula. Dipatlisiso dingwe di ne tsa supiwa le go tlhophiwa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go ka agiwang matamo, mmogo le go bona moagi wa moalo mo ArcMap 10.4.1. Moalo yo o ne wa kopanya dipharametara di le mmalwa, jaaka go kgokologa, bokgoni jwa go elela ga metsi, khurumetso/tiriso ya lefatshe, thulaganyo ya molatswana, boleng jwa mmu, le kitso tsa metsi go bona gore lefelo le siametse go beeletsa a metsi a pula. 

Metsi a a beeleditsweng go tswa mo dithulaganyong tsa RWH a ka nna mannye ka nako ya pula e e kwa tlase ga palogare mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng tsa ditoropo jaaka Botlhabagare . RWH e mosola mo mafelong a a tlhabologang ka gonne e kokoanya metsi go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo gae. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a kgobokantsweng a tshwanetse go sefiwa sentle go netefatsa gore a nowa ka pabalesego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=J. |last2=Husary |first2=S. |last3=Gunkel |first3=A. |last4=Bastian |first4=D. |last5=Grodek |first5=T. |date=2012-03-06 |title=Potentials and limits of urban rainwater harvesting in the Middle East |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |url-status=live |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=715–724 |bibcode=2012HESS...16..715L |doi=10.5194/hess-16-715-2012 |issn=1607-7938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023556/https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |archive-date=2022-07-10 |access-date=2020-11-28 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boleng jwa metsi ===
Metsi a pula a ka tlhoka go sekasekwa sentle, le go dirisiwa ka tsela e e maleba go lebilwe pabalesego ya one. Ka sekai, kwa kgaolong ya Gansu, go bolaya megare mo metsing ka letsatsi go dirisiwa ka go bedisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo dipitseng tsa letsatsi tsa pharabola pele ga a dirisiwa go nowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90781/6248934.html|last1=Chen|first1=Xuefei|title=Rainwater harvesting benefits farmers in Gansu|journal=People's Daily Online|date=27 August 2007|access-date=10 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mekgwa e e bidiwang &quot; maranyane a a maleba &quot; ye etlamela ka megopolo ya go bolaya megare e e mo metsing a a bolokilweng ka tlhwatlhwatlase go a phepafaletsa go nowa.

Le fa metsi a pula ka boone e le motswedi o o phepa wa metsi, gantsi a le botoka go feta metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kgotsa metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng kgotsa mo makadibeng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hatch |first=Jacob |title=The Many Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting |url=https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213021007/https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-date=13 December 2016 |access-date=3 August 2018 |website=Hydration Anywhere}}&lt;/ref&gt; thulaganyo ya go a kokoanya le go a boloka gantsi e tlogela metsi a kgotlelegile e bile a sa nowe. Metsi a pula a a tsewang mo marulelong a ka nna le mantle a batho, diphologolo le dinonyane, di- moss le di- lichen, lerole le le fokisiwang ke phefo, dikarolwana tse di tswang mo kgotlhelong ya toropo, dibolaya-ditshedi, le di-ione tse di sa tsheleng go tswa mo lewatleng ( Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 ), le digase tse di tswakilweng ( &lt;sub&gt;CO&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt; ). Go fitlhetswe selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibolaya-ditshedi tmo metsing a pula kwa Yuropa ka dilekanyo tse di kwa godimo tse di diragalang mo puleng ya ntlha ka bonako morago ga nako ya komelelo;  kgobokano ya dikgotleletsi tse le tse dingwe e fokodiwa thata ka go faposa go elela ga ntlha ga metsi a a elelang go ya kwa matlakaleng. Boleng jo bo tokafaditsweng jwa metsi bo ka bonwa gape ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go goga go phaphamisiwa (go na le go tswa mo botlaseng jwa tanka) le ka go dirisa motseletsele wa ditanka, gogela morago go tswa mo go tsa bofelo mo motseletseleng. Go sefiwa pele ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo madirelong go dira gore thulaganyo e nne e itekanetse le go netefatsa gore metsi a a tsenang mo tankeng ga a na motlhaba yo montsi.

Kgopolo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula le go a phepafatsa ka marang a letsatsi go nowa mo malapeng a kwa magaeng e tlhamilwe ke Sekolo sa Patlisiso sa Temothuo sa Nimbkar . &lt;ref name=&quot;Patange-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Low cost drinking water technology – rainwater harvesting with solar purification. Current Science, Vol. 118, No.6, 25 March 2020 |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119182928/https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgopolo, thulaganyo ya phatlalatso ya metsi e tshwanetse go tsamaisana le boleng jwa metsi le modirisi wa bofelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafatsheng a mantsi a a tlhabologileng thata, metsi a a nowang a boleng jo bo kwa godimo a dirisediwa ditiriso tsotlhe. Mokgwa yo o senya madi le maatla mme o dira gore tikologo e nne le ditlamorago tse di sa tlhokegeng. Go tlamela ka metsi a pula a a fetileng mo dikgatong tsa ntlha tsa go sefa tsa tiriso ya metsi a a sa noweng, jaaka go fetisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa, le go tlhatswa diaparo, e ka nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya leano la taolo ya metsi le le tswelelang.

Ditanka tsa metsi a pula gape di ka nna jaaka bonno jwa menang e e nang le megare. Ka ntlha ya seo, go tshwanetse ga tlhokomelwa go netefatsa gore menang e e namagadi ga e kgone go tsena mo tankeng go baya mae. Ditlhapi tse di jang dibokwana le tsone di ka tsenngwa mo tankeng, kgotsa e ka alafiwa ka dikhemikhale.

== Dikai tsa mafatshe  ==

=== Canada ===</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;History&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359695919|Rainwater harvesting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="47001" sha1="8t7cty2lflby1i0vyam6xqcon9xf1cp" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go diriweng ga thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgoreletsi ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tsela e e dirisiwang thata go boloka metsi a pula mo mafatsheng a nang le dikgang tsa leuba. Dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa dipatlisiso di supile le go simolodisa mefuta le bogeteniki jo bo farologaneng go tlhopha mafelo a a siametseng go beeletswa ga metsi a pula. Dipatlisiso dingwe di ne tsa supiwa le go tlhophiwa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go ka agiwang matamo, mmogo le go bona moagi wa moalo mo ArcMap 10.4.1. Moalo yo o ne wa kopanya dipharametara di le mmalwa, jaaka go kgokologa, bokgoni jwa go elela ga metsi, khurumetso/tiriso ya lefatshe, thulaganyo ya molatswana, boleng jwa mmu, le kitso tsa metsi go bona gore lefelo le siametse go beeletsa a metsi a pula. 

Metsi a a beeleditsweng go tswa mo dithulaganyong tsa RWH a ka nna mannye ka nako ya pula e e kwa tlase ga palogare mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng tsa ditoropo jaaka Botlhabagare . RWH e mosola mo mafelong a a tlhabologang ka gonne e kokoanya metsi go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo gae. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a kgobokantsweng a tshwanetse go sefiwa sentle go netefatsa gore a nowa ka pabalesego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=J. |last2=Husary |first2=S. |last3=Gunkel |first3=A. |last4=Bastian |first4=D. |last5=Grodek |first5=T. |date=2012-03-06 |title=Potentials and limits of urban rainwater harvesting in the Middle East |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |url-status=live |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=715–724 |bibcode=2012HESS...16..715L |doi=10.5194/hess-16-715-2012 |issn=1607-7938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023556/https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |archive-date=2022-07-10 |access-date=2020-11-28 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boleng jwa metsi ===
Metsi a pula a ka tlhoka go sekasekwa sentle, le go dirisiwa ka tsela e e maleba go lebilwe pabalesego ya one. Ka sekai, kwa kgaolong ya Gansu, go bolaya megare mo metsing ka letsatsi go dirisiwa ka go bedisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo dipitseng tsa letsatsi tsa pharabola pele ga a dirisiwa go nowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90781/6248934.html|last1=Chen|first1=Xuefei|title=Rainwater harvesting benefits farmers in Gansu|journal=People's Daily Online|date=27 August 2007|access-date=10 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mekgwa e e bidiwang &quot; maranyane a a maleba &quot; ye etlamela ka megopolo ya go bolaya megare e e mo metsing a a bolokilweng ka tlhwatlhwatlase go a phepafaletsa go nowa.

Le fa metsi a pula ka boone e le motswedi o o phepa wa metsi, gantsi a le botoka go feta metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kgotsa metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng kgotsa mo makadibeng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hatch |first=Jacob |title=The Many Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting |url=https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213021007/https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-date=13 December 2016 |access-date=3 August 2018 |website=Hydration Anywhere}}&lt;/ref&gt; thulaganyo ya go a kokoanya le go a boloka gantsi e tlogela metsi a kgotlelegile e bile a sa nowe. Metsi a pula a a tsewang mo marulelong a ka nna le mantle a batho, diphologolo le dinonyane, di- moss le di- lichen, lerole le le fokisiwang ke phefo, dikarolwana tse di tswang mo kgotlhelong ya toropo, dibolaya-ditshedi, le di-ione tse di sa tsheleng go tswa mo lewatleng ( Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 ), le digase tse di tswakilweng ( &lt;sub&gt;CO&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt; ). Go fitlhetswe selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibolaya-ditshedi tmo metsing a pula kwa Yuropa ka dilekanyo tse di kwa godimo tse di diragalang mo puleng ya ntlha ka bonako morago ga nako ya komelelo;  kgobokano ya dikgotleletsi tse le tse dingwe e fokodiwa thata ka go faposa go elela ga ntlha ga metsi a a elelang go ya kwa matlakaleng. Boleng jo bo tokafaditsweng jwa metsi bo ka bonwa gape ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go goga go phaphamisiwa (go na le go tswa mo botlaseng jwa tanka) le ka go dirisa motseletsele wa ditanka, gogela morago go tswa mo go tsa bofelo mo motseletseleng. Go sefiwa pele ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo madirelong go dira gore thulaganyo e nne e itekanetse le go netefatsa gore metsi a a tsenang mo tankeng ga a na motlhaba yo montsi.

Kgopolo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula le go a phepafatsa ka marang a letsatsi go nowa mo malapeng a kwa magaeng e tlhamilwe ke Sekolo sa Patlisiso sa Temothuo sa Nimbkar . &lt;ref name=&quot;Patange-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Low cost drinking water technology – rainwater harvesting with solar purification. Current Science, Vol. 118, No.6, 25 March 2020 |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119182928/https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgopolo, thulaganyo ya phatlalatso ya metsi e tshwanetse go tsamaisana le boleng jwa metsi le modirisi wa bofelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafatsheng a mantsi a a tlhabologileng thata, metsi a a nowang a boleng jo bo kwa godimo a dirisediwa ditiriso tsotlhe. Mokgwa yo o senya madi le maatla mme o dira gore tikologo e nne le ditlamorago tse di sa tlhokegeng. Go tlamela ka metsi a pula a a fetileng mo dikgatong tsa ntlha tsa go sefa tsa tiriso ya metsi a a sa noweng, jaaka go fetisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa, le go tlhatswa diaparo, e ka nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya leano la taolo ya metsi le le tswelelang.

Ditanka tsa metsi a pula gape di ka nna jaaka bonno jwa menang e e nang le megare. Ka ntlha ya seo, go tshwanetse ga tlhokomelwa go netefatsa gore menang e e namagadi ga e kgone go tsena mo tankeng go baya mae. Ditlhapi tse di jang dibokwana le tsone di ka tsenngwa mo tankeng, kgotsa e ka alafiwa ka dikhemikhale.

== Dikai tsa mafatshe  ==

=== Canada ===

== Ditso ==

Go agiwa le tiriso ya ditanka go boloka metsi a pula go ka latedisiwa go boela kwa Metlheng ya Neolithic, fa ditanka tsa polasetere tse di thibelang metsi di ne di agiwa mo bodilong jwa matlo mo mafelong a metse ya Levant, lefelo le legolo kwa Borwabophirima jwa Asia, kwa borwa jwa Dithaba tsa Taurus kwa Bophirima jwa lewatleng la Mediterranean, Sekaka sa Arabea kwa borwa, le Mesopotamia kwa botlhaba. Ka bokhutlo jwa 4000 BC , ditanka e ne e le dintlha tse di botlhokwa tsa botegeniki tse di tlhagelelang tsa taolo ya metsi tse di dirisiwang mo temothuong ya lefatshe le le omileng . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ribolotswe ditanka di le dintsi tsa bogologolo mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Jerusalema le mo lefelong lotlhe le gompieno le bidiwang Iseraele/Palesetina. Mo lefelong le bangwe ba dumelang gore ke la motse wa baebele wa Ai (Khirbet et-Tell), go ne ga bonwa tanka e tona ye dingwaga tsa yone di ka latedisiwang kwa go bo 2500 BC e e neng e na le bokgoni jwa dikhubiki mithara di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le masupa {{Convert|1,700|m3|cuft}} .   . E ne e betlilwe ka lentswe le le thata, e tsentswe matlapa a matona, e bo e tswalelwa ka letsopa gore e se ka ya dutla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Setlhaketlhake sa Gerika sa Crete gape se itsege ka tiriso ya sone ya ditanka tse ditona tsa go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a pula ka nako ya Minoan go tloga ka 2,600 BC–1,100 BC. Go bonwe ditanka di le nne tse ditona kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos, kwa Archanes le kwa Sakroeach. Tanka e e fitlhetsweng kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos e ne ya fitlhelwa e kgona go tshola metsi a a fetang dikhubiki mithara di le masome a le boferabobedi {{Convert|80|m3|cuft}}   le dingwaga tsa tsone di latedisiwa go fitlha ko go 1700 BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka bo 300 BC, merafe ya balemirui kwa Balochistan (e jaanong e leng kwa Pakistan, Afghanistan, le Iran), le Kutch, India, ba ne ba dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo temothuong le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain water Harvesting |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812001933/http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=23 January 2012 |publisher=Tamil Nadu State Government, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go beeletsa metsi a pula go ne go dirwa ke dikgosi tsa Chola gape. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 July 2010|title=Believes in past, lives in future|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/07/17/stories/2010071754460800.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a pula a a tswang kwa tempeleng ya Brihadeeswarar (e e kwa Balaganapathy Nagar, kwa Thanjavur, kwa India) a ne a kokoanngwa mo tankeng ya Shivaganga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 August 2003|title=Rare Chola inscription found near Big Temple|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/08/04/stories/2003080402510500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako ya moragonyana ya Chola, tanka ya Vīrānam e ne ya agiwa (1011 go ya go 1037 AD) kwa kgaolong ya Cuddalore ya Tamil Nadu go boloka metsi a go nwa le go nosetsa. Vīrānam ke tanka e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le borataro e e kgonang go boloka metsi a dikhubiki mithara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a ke mane le masome a le marataro le botlhano {{Convert|1,465,000,000|cuft|m3}}   .

Go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ne go tlwaelegile mo Mmusomogolong wa Roma . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kamash |first=Zena |date=2010 |title=Archaeologies of Water in the Roman Near East |publisher=Gorgias Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa diforo tsa metsi tsa Roma di itsege thata, ditanka tsa Roma le tsone di ne di dirisiwa thata mme go agiwa ga tsone go ne ga atologa le Mmusomogolo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka sekai, kwa Pompeii, go boloka metsi mo marulelong go ne go tlwaelegile pele ga go agiwa ga mosele wa metsi mo lekgolong lantlha la dingwaga BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;ArchServe-2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Supply Systems: Cisterns, Reservoirs, Aqueducts {{!}} Roman Building Technology and Architecture, University of California Santa Barbara |url=https://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718072245/http://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |archive-date=2016-07-18 |access-date=2018-04-13 |website=ArchServe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditso tse di tsa tswelela le Mmusomogolo wa Byzantium; ka sekai, Tanka ya Basilica kwa Istanbul.

Le fa toropo ya Venice e ne e sa itsiwe go le kalo, ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga e ne e ikaegile ka go beeletsa metsi a pula. Letsha le le dikologileng Venice ke metsi a a letswai, a a sa tshwanelang go nowa. Baagi ba bogologolo ba kwa Venice ba ne ba tlhoma thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e e neng e theilwe mo didibeng tse di dirilweng ke batho tse di sireleditsweng go kokoanya metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Venetian wells |url=http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509005248/http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani/ |archive-date=2019-05-09 |access-date=2016-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ne a tsenelela mo bodilong jwa maje jo bo neng bo tlhamilwe ka tsela e e kgethegileng, mme a ne a sefiwa ke  motlhaba, morago ga moo a ne a kokoanngwa kwa tlase ga sediba. Moragonyana, fa Venice e ntse e bona mafelo mo lefatsheng le legolo, e ne ya simolola go reka metsi ka mokoro go tswa kwa dinokeng tsa lefelo leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, didiba tse di ne tsa nna di dirisiwa mme di ne di le botlhokwa thata ka dinako tsa ntwa fa mmaba a ne a ka kgona go thibela metsi a a dirisiwang a lefatshe gale le gale.</text>
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      <text bytes="46988" sha1="c4lnxvbmu07b3ua3wtb8ymfldcp583i" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go diriweng ga thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgoreletsi ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tsela e e dirisiwang thata go boloka metsi a pula mo mafatsheng a nang le dikgang tsa leuba. Dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa dipatlisiso di supile le go simolodisa mefuta le bogeteniki jo bo farologaneng go tlhopha mafelo a a siametseng go beeletswa ga metsi a pula. Dipatlisiso dingwe di ne tsa supiwa le go tlhophiwa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go ka agiwang matamo, mmogo le go bona moagi wa moalo mo ArcMap 10.4.1. Moalo yo o ne wa kopanya dipharametara di le mmalwa, jaaka go kgokologa, bokgoni jwa go elela ga metsi, khurumetso/tiriso ya lefatshe, thulaganyo ya molatswana, boleng jwa mmu, le kitso tsa metsi go bona gore lefelo le siametse go beeletsa a metsi a pula. 

Metsi a a beeleditsweng go tswa mo dithulaganyong tsa RWH a ka nna mannye ka nako ya pula e e kwa tlase ga palogare mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng tsa ditoropo jaaka Botlhabagare . RWH e mosola mo mafelong a a tlhabologang ka gonne e kokoanya metsi go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo gae. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a kgobokantsweng a tshwanetse go sefiwa sentle go netefatsa gore a nowa ka pabalesego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=J. |last2=Husary |first2=S. |last3=Gunkel |first3=A. |last4=Bastian |first4=D. |last5=Grodek |first5=T. |date=2012-03-06 |title=Potentials and limits of urban rainwater harvesting in the Middle East |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |url-status=live |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=715–724 |bibcode=2012HESS...16..715L |doi=10.5194/hess-16-715-2012 |issn=1607-7938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023556/https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |archive-date=2022-07-10 |access-date=2020-11-28 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boleng jwa metsi ===
Metsi a pula a ka tlhoka go sekasekwa sentle, le go dirisiwa ka tsela e e maleba go lebilwe pabalesego ya one. Ka sekai, kwa kgaolong ya Gansu, go bolaya megare mo metsing ka letsatsi go dirisiwa ka go bedisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo dipitseng tsa letsatsi tsa pharabola pele ga a dirisiwa go nowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90781/6248934.html|last1=Chen|first1=Xuefei|title=Rainwater harvesting benefits farmers in Gansu|journal=People's Daily Online|date=27 August 2007|access-date=10 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mekgwa e e bidiwang &quot; maranyane a a maleba &quot; ye etlamela ka megopolo ya go bolaya megare e e mo metsing a a bolokilweng ka tlhwatlhwatlase go a phepafaletsa go nowa.

Le fa metsi a pula ka boone e le motswedi o o phepa wa metsi, gantsi a le botoka go feta metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kgotsa metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng kgotsa mo makadibeng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hatch |first=Jacob |title=The Many Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting |url=https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213021007/https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-date=13 December 2016 |access-date=3 August 2018 |website=Hydration Anywhere}}&lt;/ref&gt; thulaganyo ya go a kokoanya le go a boloka gantsi e tlogela metsi a kgotlelegile e bile a sa nowe. Metsi a pula a a tsewang mo marulelong a ka nna le mantle a batho, diphologolo le dinonyane, di- moss le di- lichen, lerole le le fokisiwang ke phefo, dikarolwana tse di tswang mo kgotlhelong ya toropo, dibolaya-ditshedi, le di-ione tse di sa tsheleng go tswa mo lewatleng ( Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 ), le digase tse di tswakilweng ( &lt;sub&gt;CO&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt; ). Go fitlhetswe selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibolaya-ditshedi tmo metsing a pula kwa Yuropa ka dilekanyo tse di kwa godimo tse di diragalang mo puleng ya ntlha ka bonako morago ga nako ya komelelo;  kgobokano ya dikgotleletsi tse le tse dingwe e fokodiwa thata ka go faposa go elela ga ntlha ga metsi a a elelang go ya kwa matlakaleng. Boleng jo bo tokafaditsweng jwa metsi bo ka bonwa gape ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go goga go phaphamisiwa (go na le go tswa mo botlaseng jwa tanka) le ka go dirisa motseletsele wa ditanka, gogela morago go tswa mo go tsa bofelo mo motseletseleng. Go sefiwa pele ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo madirelong go dira gore thulaganyo e nne e itekanetse le go netefatsa gore metsi a a tsenang mo tankeng ga a na motlhaba yo montsi.

Kgopolo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula le go a phepafatsa ka marang a letsatsi go nowa mo malapeng a kwa magaeng e tlhamilwe ke Sekolo sa Patlisiso sa Temothuo sa Nimbkar . &lt;ref name=&quot;Patange-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Low cost drinking water technology – rainwater harvesting with solar purification. Current Science, Vol. 118, No.6, 25 March 2020 |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119182928/https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgopolo, thulaganyo ya phatlalatso ya metsi e tshwanetse go tsamaisana le boleng jwa metsi le modirisi wa bofelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafatsheng a mantsi a a tlhabologileng thata, metsi a a nowang a boleng jo bo kwa godimo a dirisediwa ditiriso tsotlhe. Mokgwa yo o senya madi le maatla mme o dira gore tikologo e nne le ditlamorago tse di sa tlhokegeng. Go tlamela ka metsi a pula a a fetileng mo dikgatong tsa ntlha tsa go sefa tsa tiriso ya metsi a a sa noweng, jaaka go fetisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa, le go tlhatswa diaparo, e ka nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya leano la taolo ya metsi le le tswelelang.

Ditanka tsa metsi a pula gape di ka nna jaaka bonno jwa menang e e nang le megare. Ka ntlha ya seo, go tshwanetse ga tlhokomelwa go netefatsa gore menang e e namagadi ga e kgone go tsena mo tankeng go baya mae. Ditlhapi tse di jang dibokwana le tsone di ka tsenngwa mo tankeng, kgotsa e ka alafiwa ka dikhemikhale.

== Dikai tsa mafatshe  ==

=== Canada ===

== Ditso ==

Go agiwa le tiriso ya ditanka go boloka metsi a pula go ka latedisiwa go boela kwa Metlheng ya Neolithic, fa ditanka tsa polasetere tse di thibelang metsi di ne di agiwa mo bodilomatlo mo mafelong a metse ya Levant, lefelo le legolo kwa Borwabophirima jwa Asia, kwa borwa jwa Dithaba tsa Taurus kwa Bophirima jwa lewatleMediterranean, Sekaka sa Arabea kwa borwa, le Mesopotamia kwa botlhaba. Ka bokhutlo jwa 4000 BC , ditanka e ne e le dintlha tse di botlhokwa tsa botegeniki tse di tlhagelelang tsa taolo ya metsi tse di dirisiwang mo temothuong ya lefatshe le le omileng . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ribolotswe ditanka di le dintsi tsa bogologolo mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Jerusalema le mo lefelong lotlhe le gompieno le bidiwang Iseraele/Palesetina. Mo lefelong le bangwe ba dumelang gore ke la motse wa baebele wa Ai (Khirbet et-Tell), go ne ga bonwa tanka e tona ye dingwaga tsa yone di ka latedisiwang kwa go bo 2500 BC e e neng e na le bokgoni jwa dikhubiki mithara di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le masupa {{Convert|1,700|m3|cuft}} .   . E ne e betlilwe ka lentswe le le thata, e tsentswe matlapa a matona, e bo e tswalelwa ka letsopa gore e se ka ya dutla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Setlhaketlhake sa Gerika sa Crete gape se itsege ka tiriso ya sone ya ditanka tse ditona tsa go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a pula ka nako ya Minoan go tloga ka 2,600 BC–1,100 BC. Go bonwe ditanka di le nne tse ditona kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos, kwa Archanes le kwa Sakroeach. Tanka e e fitlhetsweng kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos e ne ya fitlhelwa e kgona go tshola metsi a a fetang dikhubiki mithara di le masome a le boferabobedi {{Convert|80|m3|cuft}}   le dingwaga tsa tsone di latedisiwa go fitlha ko go 1700 BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka bo 300 BC, merafe ya balemirui kwa Balochistan (e jaanong e leng kwa Pakistan, Afghanistan, le Iran), le Kutch, India, ba ne ba dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo temothuong le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain water Harvesting |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812001933/http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=23 January 2012 |publisher=Tamil Nadu State Government, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go beeletsa metsi a pula go ne go dirwa ke dikgosi tsa Chola gape. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 July 2010|title=Believes in past, lives in future|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/07/17/stories/2010071754460800.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a pula a a tswang kwa tempeleng ya Brihadeeswarar (e e kwa Balaganapathy Nagar, kwa Thanjavur, kwa India) a ne a kokoanngwa mo tankeng ya Shivaganga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 August 2003|title=Rare Chola inscription found near Big Temple|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/08/04/stories/2003080402510500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako ya moragonyana ya Chola, tanka ya Vīrānam e ne ya agiwa (1011 go ya go 1037 AD) kwa kgaolong ya Cuddalore ya Tamil Nadu go boloka metsi a go nwa le go nosetsa. Vīrānam ke tanka e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le borataro e e kgonang go boloka metsi a dikhubiki mithara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a ke mane le masome a le marataro le botlhano {{Convert|1,465,000,000|cuft|m3}}   .

Go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ne go tlwaelegile mo Mmusomogolong wa Roma . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kamash |first=Zena |date=2010 |title=Archaeologies of Water in the Roman Near East |publisher=Gorgias Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa diforo tsa metsi tsa Roma di itsege thata, ditanka tsa Roma le tsone di ne di dirisiwa thata mme go agiwa ga tsone go ne ga atologa le Mmusomogolo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka sekai, kwa Pompeii, go boloka metsi mo marulelong go ne go tlwaelegile pele ga go agiwa ga mosele wa metsi mo lekgolong lantlha la dingwaga BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;ArchServe-2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Supply Systems: Cisterns, Reservoirs, Aqueducts {{!}} Roman Building Technology and Architecture, University of California Santa Barbara |url=https://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718072245/http://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |archive-date=2016-07-18 |access-date=2018-04-13 |website=ArchServe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditso tse di tsa tswelela le Mmusomogolo wa Byzantium; ka sekai, Tanka ya Basilica kwa Istanbul.

Le fa toropo ya Venice e ne e sa itsiwe go le kalo, ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga e ne e ikaegile ka go beeletsa metsi a pula. Letsha le le dikologileng Venice ke metsi a a letswai, a a sa tshwanelang go nowa. Baagi ba bogologolo ba kwa Venice ba ne ba tlhoma thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e e neng e theilwe mo didibeng tse di dirilweng ke batho tse di sireleditsweng go kokoanya metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Venetian wells |url=http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509005248/http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani/ |archive-date=2019-05-09 |access-date=2016-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ne a tsenelela mo bodilong jwa maje jo bo neng bo tlhamilwe ka tsela e e kgethegileng, mme a ne a sefiwa ke  motlhaba, morago ga moo a ne a kokoanngwa kwa tlase ga sediba. Moragonyana, fa Venice e ntse e bona mafelo mo lefatsheng le legolo, e ne ya simolola go reka metsi ka mokoro go tswa kwa dinokeng tsa lefelo leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, didiba tse di ne tsa nna di dirisiwa mme di ne di le botlhokwa thata ka dinako tsa ntwa fa mmaba a ne a ka kgona go thibela metsi a a dirisiwang a lefatshe gale le gale.</text>
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      <text bytes="47642" sha1="e2on6f9xzlier84eob4kc9e7exlcib2" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go diriweng ga thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgoreletsi ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tsela e e dirisiwang thata go boloka metsi a pula mo mafatsheng a nang le dikgang tsa leuba. Dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa dipatlisiso di supile le go simolodisa mefuta le bogeteniki jo bo farologaneng go tlhopha mafelo a a siametseng go beeletswa ga metsi a pula. Dipatlisiso dingwe di ne tsa supiwa le go tlhophiwa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go ka agiwang matamo, mmogo le go bona moagi wa moalo mo ArcMap 10.4.1. Moalo yo o ne wa kopanya dipharametara di le mmalwa, jaaka go kgokologa, bokgoni jwa go elela ga metsi, khurumetso/tiriso ya lefatshe, thulaganyo ya molatswana, boleng jwa mmu, le kitso tsa metsi go bona gore lefelo le siametse go beeletsa a metsi a pula. 

Metsi a a beeleditsweng go tswa mo dithulaganyong tsa RWH a ka nna mannye ka nako ya pula e e kwa tlase ga palogare mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng tsa ditoropo jaaka Botlhabagare . RWH e mosola mo mafelong a a tlhabologang ka gonne e kokoanya metsi go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo gae. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a kgobokantsweng a tshwanetse go sefiwa sentle go netefatsa gore a nowa ka pabalesego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=J. |last2=Husary |first2=S. |last3=Gunkel |first3=A. |last4=Bastian |first4=D. |last5=Grodek |first5=T. |date=2012-03-06 |title=Potentials and limits of urban rainwater harvesting in the Middle East |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |url-status=live |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=715–724 |bibcode=2012HESS...16..715L |doi=10.5194/hess-16-715-2012 |issn=1607-7938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023556/https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |archive-date=2022-07-10 |access-date=2020-11-28 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boleng jwa metsi ===
Metsi a pula a ka tlhoka go sekasekwa sentle, le go dirisiwa ka tsela e e maleba go lebilwe pabalesego ya one. Ka sekai, kwa kgaolong ya Gansu, go bolaya megare mo metsing ka letsatsi go dirisiwa ka go bedisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo dipitseng tsa letsatsi tsa pharabola pele ga a dirisiwa go nowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90781/6248934.html|last1=Chen|first1=Xuefei|title=Rainwater harvesting benefits farmers in Gansu|journal=People's Daily Online|date=27 August 2007|access-date=10 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mekgwa e e bidiwang &quot; maranyane a a maleba &quot; ye etlamela ka megopolo ya go bolaya megare e e mo metsing a a bolokilweng ka tlhwatlhwatlase go a phepafaletsa go nowa.

Le fa metsi a pula ka boone e le motswedi o o phepa wa metsi, gantsi a le botoka go feta metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kgotsa metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng kgotsa mo makadibeng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hatch |first=Jacob |title=The Many Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting |url=https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213021007/https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-date=13 December 2016 |access-date=3 August 2018 |website=Hydration Anywhere}}&lt;/ref&gt; thulaganyo ya go a kokoanya le go a boloka gantsi e tlogela metsi a kgotlelegile e bile a sa nowe. Metsi a pula a a tsewang mo marulelong a ka nna le mantle a batho, diphologolo le dinonyane, di- moss le di- lichen, lerole le le fokisiwang ke phefo, dikarolwana tse di tswang mo kgotlhelong ya toropo, dibolaya-ditshedi, le di-ione tse di sa tsheleng go tswa mo lewatleng ( Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 ), le digase tse di tswakilweng ( &lt;sub&gt;CO&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt; ). Go fitlhetswe selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibolaya-ditshedi tmo metsing a pula kwa Yuropa ka dilekanyo tse di kwa godimo tse di diragalang mo puleng ya ntlha ka bonako morago ga nako ya komelelo;  kgobokano ya dikgotleletsi tse le tse dingwe e fokodiwa thata ka go faposa go elela ga ntlha ga metsi a a elelang go ya kwa matlakaleng. Boleng jo bo tokafaditsweng jwa metsi bo ka bonwa gape ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go goga go phaphamisiwa (go na le go tswa mo botlaseng jwa tanka) le ka go dirisa motseletsele wa ditanka, gogela morago go tswa mo go tsa bofelo mo motseletseleng. Go sefiwa pele ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo madirelong go dira gore thulaganyo e nne e itekanetse le go netefatsa gore metsi a a tsenang mo tankeng ga a na motlhaba yo montsi.

Kgopolo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula le go a phepafatsa ka marang a letsatsi go nowa mo malapeng a kwa magaeng e tlhamilwe ke Sekolo sa Patlisiso sa Temothuo sa Nimbkar . &lt;ref name=&quot;Patange-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Low cost drinking water technology – rainwater harvesting with solar purification. Current Science, Vol. 118, No.6, 25 March 2020 |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119182928/https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgopolo, thulaganyo ya phatlalatso ya metsi e tshwanetse go tsamaisana le boleng jwa metsi le modirisi wa bofelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafatsheng a mantsi a a tlhabologileng thata, metsi a a nowang a boleng jo bo kwa godimo a dirisediwa ditiriso tsotlhe. Mokgwa yo o senya madi le maatla mme o dira gore tikologo e nne le ditlamorago tse di sa tlhokegeng. Go tlamela ka metsi a pula a a fetileng mo dikgatong tsa ntlha tsa go sefa tsa tiriso ya metsi a a sa noweng, jaaka go fetisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa, le go tlhatswa diaparo, e ka nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya leano la taolo ya metsi le le tswelelang.

Ditanka tsa metsi a pula gape di ka nna jaaka bonno jwa menang e e nang le megare. Ka ntlha ya seo, go tshwanetse ga tlhokomelwa go netefatsa gore menang e e namagadi ga e kgone go tsena mo tankeng go baya mae. Ditlhapi tse di jang dibokwana le tsone di ka tsenngwa mo tankeng, kgotsa e ka alafiwa ka dikhemikhale.

== Dikai tsa mafatshe  ==

=== Canada ===

== Ditso ==

Go agiwa le tiriso ya ditanka go boloka metsi a pula go ka latedisiwa go boela kwa Metlheng ya Neolithic, fa ditanka tsa polasetere tse di thibelang metsi di ne di agiwa mo bodilomatlo mo mafelong a metse ya Levant, lefelo le legolo kwa Borwabophirima jwa Asia, kwa borwa jwa Dithaba tsa Taurus kwa Bophirima jwa lewatleMediterranean, Sekaka sa Arabea kwa borwa, le Mesopotamia kwa botlhaba. Ka bokhutlo jwa 4000 BC , ditanka e ne e le dintlha tse di botlhokwa tsa botegeniki tse di tlhagelelang tsa taolo ya metsi tse di dirisiwang mo temothuong ya lefatshe le le omileng . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ribolotswe ditanka di le dintsi tsa bogologolo mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Jerusalema le mo lefelong lotlhe le gompieno le bidiwang Iseraele/Palesetina. Mo lefelong le bangwe ba dumelang gore ke la motse wa baebele wa Ai (Khirbet et-Tell), go ne ga bonwa tanka e tona ye dingwaga tsa yone di ka latedisiwang kwa go bo 2500 BC e e neng e na le bokgoni jwa dikhubiki mithara di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le masupa {{Convert|1,700|m3|cuft}} .   . E ne e betlilwe ka lentswe le le thata, e tsentswe matlapa a matona, e bo e tswalelwa ka letsopa gore e se ka ya dutla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Setlhaketlhake sa Gerika sa Crete gape se itsege ka tiriso ya sone ya ditanka tse ditona tsa go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a pula ka nako ya Minoan go tloga ka 2,600 BC–1,100 BC. Go bonwe ditanka di le nne tse ditona kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos, kwa Archanes le kwa Sakroeach. Tanka e e fitlhetsweng kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos e ne ya fitlhelwa e kgona go tshola metsi a a fetang dikhubiki mithara di le masome a le boferabobedi {{Convert|80|m3|cuft}}   le dingwaga tsa tsone di latedisiwa go fitlha ko go 1700 BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka bo 300 BC, merafe ya balemirui kwa Balochistan (e jaanong e leng kwa Pakistan, Afghanistan, le Iran), le Kutch, India, ba ne ba dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo temothuong le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain water Harvesting |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812001933/http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=23 January 2012 |publisher=Tamil Nadu State Government, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go beeletsa metsi a pula go ne go dirwa ke dikgosi tsa Chola gape. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 July 2010|title=Believes in past, lives in future|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/07/17/stories/2010071754460800.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a pula a a tswang kwa tempeleng ya Brihadeeswarar (e e kwa Balaganapathy Nagar, kwa Thanjavur, kwa India) a ne a kokoanngwa mo tankeng ya Shivaganga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 August 2003|title=Rare Chola inscription found near Big Temple|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/08/04/stories/2003080402510500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako ya moragonyana ya Chola, tanka ya Vīrānam e ne ya agiwa (1011 go ya go 1037 AD) kwa kgaolong ya Cuddalore ya Tamil Nadu go boloka metsi a go nwa le go nosetsa. Vīrānam ke tanka e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le borataro e e kgonang go boloka metsi a dikhubiki mithara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a ke mane le masome a le marataro le botlhano {{Convert|1,465,000,000|cuft|m3}}   .

Go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ne go tlwaelegile mo Mmusomogolong wa Roma . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kamash |first=Zena |date=2010 |title=Archaeologies of Water in the Roman Near East |publisher=Gorgias Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa diforo tsa metsi tsa Roma di itsege thata, ditanka tsa Roma le tsone di ne di dirisiwa thata mme go agiwa ga tsone go ne ga atologa le Mmusomogolo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka sekai, kwa Pompeii, go boloka metsi mo marulelong go ne go tlwaelegile pele ga go agiwa ga mosele wa metsi mo lekgolong lantlha la dingwaga BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;ArchServe-2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Supply Systems: Cisterns, Reservoirs, Aqueducts {{!}} Roman Building Technology and Architecture, University of California Santa Barbara |url=https://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718072245/http://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |archive-date=2016-07-18 |access-date=2018-04-13 |website=ArchServe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditso tse di tsa tswelela le Mmusomogolo wa Byzantium; ka sekai, Tanka ya Basilica kwa Istanbul.

Le fa toropo ya Venice e ne e sa itsiwe go le kalo, ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga e ne e ikaegile ka go beeletsa metsi a pula. Letsha le le dikologileng Venice ke metsi a a letswai, a a sa tshwanelang go nowa. Baagi ba bogologolo ba kwa Venice ba ne ba tlhoma thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e e neng e theilwe mo didibeng tse di dirilweng ke batho tse di sireleditsweng go kokoanya metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Venetian wells |url=http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509005248/http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani/ |archive-date=2019-05-09 |access-date=2016-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ne a tsenelela mo bodilong jwa maje jo bo neng bo tlhamilwe ka tsela e e kgethegileng, mme a ne a sefiwa ke  motlhaba, morago ga moo a ne a kokoanngwa kwa tlase ga sediba. Moragonyana, fa Venice e ntse e bona mafelo mo lefatsheng le legolo, e ne ya simolola go reka metsi ka mokoro go tswa kwa dinokeng tsa lefelo leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, didiba tse di ne tsa nna di dirisiwa mme di ne di le botlhokwa thata ka dinako tsa ntwa fa mmaba a ne a ka kgona go thibela metsi a a dirisiwang a lefatshe gale le gale.

== Tiriso mo Ditoropong ==

Mo ditoropong, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di kopanngwa mo mealong ya dikago go fokotsa go elela ga metsi le go tlaleletsa tlamelo ya metsi. Ditoropo di tshwana Melbourne, Singapore le Hyderabad di amogetse melawana e e rotloetsang go beeletsa metsi a pula mo dikagong tsa bonno le tsa kgwebo.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PUB Water from Local Catchment |url=https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/localcatchmentwater |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506104130/https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/localcatchmentwater |archive-date=2017-05-06 |access-date=2025-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>51029</id>
      <parentid>51027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T10:11:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
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      <comment>Added new translated content. #ACW2026</comment>
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      <text bytes="47629" sha1="4u1bom674xmsyn6bny61nchthrwr8zy" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go diriweng ga thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgoreletsi ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tsela e e dirisiwang thata go boloka metsi a pula mo mafatsheng a nang le dikgang tsa leuba. Dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa dipatlisiso di supile le go simolodisa mefuta le bogeteniki jo bo farologaneng go tlhopha mafelo a a siametseng go beeletswa ga metsi a pula. Dipatlisiso dingwe di ne tsa supiwa le go tlhophiwa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go ka agiwang matamo, mmogo le go bona moagi wa moalo mo ArcMap 10.4.1. Moalo yo o ne wa kopanya dipharametara di le mmalwa, jaaka go kgokologa, bokgoni jwa go elela ga metsi, khurumetso/tiriso ya lefatshe, thulaganyo ya molatswana, boleng jwa mmu, le kitso tsa metsi go bona gore lefelo le siametse go beeletsa a metsi a pula. 

Metsi a a beeleditsweng go tswa mo dithulaganyong tsa RWH a ka nna mannye ka nako ya pula e e kwa tlase ga palogare mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng tsa ditoropo jaaka Botlhabagare . RWH e mosola mo mafelong a a tlhabologang ka gonne e kokoanya metsi go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo gae. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a kgobokantsweng a tshwanetse go sefiwa sentle go netefatsa gore a nowa ka pabalesego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=J. |last2=Husary |first2=S. |last3=Gunkel |first3=A. |last4=Bastian |first4=D. |last5=Grodek |first5=T. |date=2012-03-06 |title=Potentials and limits of urban rainwater harvesting in the Middle East |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |url-status=live |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=715–724 |bibcode=2012HESS...16..715L |doi=10.5194/hess-16-715-2012 |issn=1607-7938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023556/https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |archive-date=2022-07-10 |access-date=2020-11-28 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boleng jwa metsi ===
Metsi a pula a ka tlhoka go sekasekwa sentle, le go dirisiwa ka tsela e e maleba go lebilwe pabalesego ya one. Ka sekai, kwa kgaolong ya Gansu, go bolaya megare mo metsing ka letsatsi go dirisiwa ka go bedisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo dipitseng tsa letsatsi tsa pharabola pele ga a dirisiwa go nowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90781/6248934.html|last1=Chen|first1=Xuefei|title=Rainwater harvesting benefits farmers in Gansu|journal=People's Daily Online|date=27 August 2007|access-date=10 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mekgwa e e bidiwang &quot; maranyane a a maleba &quot; ye etlamela ka megopolo ya go bolaya megare e e mo metsing a a bolokilweng ka tlhwatlhwatlase go a phepafaletsa go nowa.

Le fa metsi a pula ka boone e le motswedi o o phepa wa metsi, gantsi a le botoka go feta metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kgotsa metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng kgotsa mo makadibeng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hatch |first=Jacob |title=The Many Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting |url=https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213021007/https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-date=13 December 2016 |access-date=3 August 2018 |website=Hydration Anywhere}}&lt;/ref&gt; thulaganyo ya go a kokoanya le go a boloka gantsi e tlogela metsi a kgotlelegile e bile a sa nowe. Metsi a pula a a tsewang mo marulelong a ka nna le mantle a batho, diphologolo le dinonyane, di- moss le di- lichen, lerole le le fokisiwang ke phefo, dikarolwana tse di tswang mo kgotlhelong ya toropo, dibolaya-ditshedi, le di-ione tse di sa tsheleng go tswa mo lewatleng ( Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 ), le digase tse di tswakilweng ( &lt;sub&gt;CO&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt; ). Go fitlhetswe selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibolaya-ditshedi tmo metsing a pula kwa Yuropa ka dilekanyo tse di kwa godimo tse di diragalang mo puleng ya ntlha ka bonako morago ga nako ya komelelo;  kgobokano ya dikgotleletsi tse le tse dingwe e fokodiwa thata ka go faposa go elela ga ntlha ga metsi a a elelang go ya kwa matlakaleng. Boleng jo bo tokafaditsweng jwa metsi bo ka bonwa gape ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go goga go phaphamisiwa (go na le go tswa mo botlaseng jwa tanka) le ka go dirisa motseletsele wa ditanka, gogela morago go tswa mo go tsa bofelo mo motseletseleng. Go sefiwa pele ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo madirelong go dira gore thulaganyo e nne e itekanetse le go netefatsa gore metsi a a tsenang mo tankeng ga a na motlhaba yo montsi.

Kgopolo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula le go a phepafatsa ka marang a letsatsi go nowa mo malapeng a kwa magaeng e tlhamilwe ke Sekolo sa Patlisiso sa Temothuo sa Nimbkar . &lt;ref name=&quot;Patange-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Low cost drinking water technology – rainwater harvesting with solar purification. Current Science, Vol. 118, No.6, 25 March 2020 |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119182928/https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgopolo, thulaganyo ya phatlalatso ya metsi e tshwanetse go tsamaisana le boleng jwa metsi le modirisi wa bofelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafatsheng a mantsi a a tlhabologileng thata, metsi a a nowang a boleng jo bo kwa godimo a dirisediwa ditiriso tsotlhe. Mokgwa yo o senya madi le maatla mme o dira gore tikologo e nne le ditlamorago tse di sa tlhokegeng. Go tlamela ka metsi a pula a a fetileng mo dikgatong tsa ntlha tsa go sefa tsa tiriso ya metsi a a sa noweng, jaaka go fetisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa, le go tlhatswa diaparo, e ka nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya leano la taolo ya metsi le le tswelelang.

Ditanka tsa metsi a pula gape di ka nna jaaka bonno jwa menang e e nang le megare. Ka ntlha ya seo, go tshwanetse ga tlhokomelwa go netefatsa gore menang e e namagadi ga e kgone go tsena mo tankeng go baya mae. Ditlhapi tse di jang dibokwana le tsone di ka tsenngwa mo tankeng, kgotsa e ka alafiwa ka dikhemikhale.

== Dikai tsa mafatshe  ==

=== Canada ===

== Ditso ==

Go agiwa le tiriso ya ditanka go boloka metsi a pula go ka latedisiwa go boela kwa Metlheng ya Neolithic, fa ditanka tsa polasetere tse di thibelang metsi di ne di agiwa mo bodiloo mafelong a metse ya Levant, lefelo le legolo kwa Borwabophirima jwa Asia, kwa borwa jwa Dithaba tsa Taurus kwa Bophirima jwa lewatleMediter  Sekaka sa Arabea kwa borwa, le Mesopotamia kwa botlhaba. Ka bokhutlo jwa 4000 BC , ditanka e ne e le dintlha tse di botlhokwa tsa botegeniki tse di tlhagelelang tsa taolo ya metsi tse di dirisiwang mo temothuong ya lefatshe le le omileng . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ribolotswe ditanka di le dintsi tsa bogologolo mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Jerusalema le mo lefelong lotlhe le gompieno le bidiwang Iseraele/Palesetina. Mo lefelong le bangwe ba dumelang gore ke la motse wa baebele wa Ai (Khirbet et-Tell), go ne ga bonwa tanka e tona ye dingwaga tsa yone di ka latedisiwang kwa go bo 2500 BC e e neng e na le bokgoni jwa dikhubiki mithara di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le masupa {{Convert|1,700|m3|cuft}} .   . E ne e betlilwe ka lentswe le le thata, e tsentswe matlapa a matona, e bo e tswalelwa ka letsopa gore e se ka ya dutla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Setlhaketlhake sa Gerika sa Crete gape se itsege ka tiriso ya sone ya ditanka tse ditona tsa go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a pula ka nako ya Minoan go tloga ka 2,600 BC–1,100 BC. Go bonwe ditanka di le nne tse ditona kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos, kwa Archanes le kwa Sakroeach. Tanka e e fitlhetsweng kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos e ne ya fitlhelwa e kgona go tshola metsi a a fetang dikhubiki mithara di le masome a le boferabobedi {{Convert|80|m3|cuft}}   le dingwaga tsa tsone di latedisiwa go fitlha ko go 1700 BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka bo 300 BC, merafe ya balemirui kwa Balochistan (e jaanong e leng kwa Pakistan, Afghanistan, le Iran), le Kutch, India, ba ne ba dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo temothuong le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain water Harvesting |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812001933/http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=23 January 2012 |publisher=Tamil Nadu State Government, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go beeletsa metsi a pula go ne go dirwa ke dikgosi tsa Chola gape. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 July 2010|title=Believes in past, lives in future|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/07/17/stories/2010071754460800.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a pula a a tswang kwa tempeleng ya Brihadeeswarar (e e kwa Balaganapathy Nagar, kwa Thanjavur, kwa India) a ne a kokoanngwa mo tankeng ya Shivaganga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 August 2003|title=Rare Chola inscription found near Big Temple|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/08/04/stories/2003080402510500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako ya moragonyana ya Chola, tanka ya Vīrānam e ne ya agiwa (1011 go ya go 1037 AD) kwa kgaolong ya Cuddalore ya Tamil Nadu go boloka metsi a go nwa le go nosetsa. Vīrānam ke tanka e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le borataro e e kgonang go boloka metsi a dikhubiki mithara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a ke mane le masome a le marataro le botlhano {{Convert|1,465,000,000|cuft|m3}}   .

Go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ne go tlwaelegile mo Mmusomogolong wa Roma . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kamash |first=Zena |date=2010 |title=Archaeologies of Water in the Roman Near East |publisher=Gorgias Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa diforo tsa metsi tsa Roma di itsege thata, ditanka tsa Roma le tsone di ne di dirisiwa thata mme go agiwa ga tsone go ne ga atologa le Mmusomogolo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka sekai, kwa Pompeii, go boloka metsi mo marulelong go ne go tlwaelegile pele ga go agiwa ga mosele wa metsi mo lekgolong lantlha la dingwaga BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;ArchServe-2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Supply Systems: Cisterns, Reservoirs, Aqueducts {{!}} Roman Building Technology and Architecture, University of California Santa Barbara |url=https://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718072245/http://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |archive-date=2016-07-18 |access-date=2018-04-13 |website=ArchServe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditso tse di tsa tswelela le Mmusomogolo wa Byzantium; ka sekai, Tanka ya Basilica kwa Istanbul.

Le fa toropo ya Venice e ne e sa itsiwe go le kalo, ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga e ne e ikaegile ka go beeletsa metsi a pula. Letsha le le dikologileng Venice ke metsi a a letswai, a a sa tshwanelang go nowa. Baagi ba bogologolo ba kwa Venice ba ne ba tlhoma thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e e neng e theilwe mo didibeng tse di dirilweng ke batho tse di sireleditsweng go kokoanya metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Venetian wells |url=http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509005248/http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani/ |archive-date=2019-05-09 |access-date=2016-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ne a tsenelela mo bodilong jwa maje jo bo neng bo tlhamilwe ka tsela e e kgethegileng, mme a ne a sefiwa ke  motlhaba, morago ga moo a ne a kokoanngwa kwa tlase ga sediba. Moragonyana, fa Venice e ntse e bona mafelo mo lefatsheng le legolo, e ne ya simolola go reka metsi ka mokoro go tswa kwa dinokeng tsa lefelo leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, didiba tse di ne tsa nna di dirisiwa mme di ne di le botlhokwa thata ka dinako tsa ntwa fa mmaba a ne a ka kgona go thibela metsi a a dirisiwang a lefatshe gale le gale.

== Tiriso mo Ditoropong ==

Mo ditoropong, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di kopanngwa mo mealong ya dikago go fokotsa go elela ga metsi le go tlaleletsa tlamelo ya metsi. Ditoropo di tshwana Melbourne, Singapore le Hyderabad di amogetse melawana e e rotloetsang go beeletsa metsi a pula mo dikagong tsa bonno le tsa kgwebo.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PUB Water from Local Catchment |url=https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/localcatchmentwater |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506104130/https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/localcatchmentwater |archive-date=2017-05-06 |access-date=2025-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the section &quot;Country examples&quot; from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359695919|Rainwater harvesting]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="52642" sha1="p262m0us2adb99o7tg660aicvbdx173" xml:space="preserve">[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== __GO BEELETSA METSI A PULA_ ==

[[File:RWH-image.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tsaya metsi a pula ya mo gae kwa Uganda. Pula e e welang mo marulelong a kago e fetisiwa ka mosele wa metsi go ya kwa tankeng ya polokelo. ]]

'''Go beeletsa metsi a pula''' ( '''RWH''' ) ke go kokoanya le go boloka metsi a pula, go na le go a letlelela go elela . Metsi a pula a kokoanngwa go tswa kwa godimo ga borulelo mme a lebisiwe kwa tankeng, mo sedibeng, mo mosimeng o o boteng ( sediba kgotsa [[Sediba|bodiba jo bo ikepetsweng]] ), letangwana la ka fa tlase, kgotsa letamo le le nang le go tlhotlhega ga metsi, gore a elele kwa tlase le go busetsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . Go beeletsa metsi a pula go farologana le go tsaya metsi a pula a tsela ka gonne metsi a a elelang ka tlwaelo a kokoanngwa go tswa mo marulelong le mo godimo ga dikago go bolokwa le go dirisiwa gape morago ga moo. {{rp|10}} Ditiriso tsa one di akaretsa go nosetsa ditshingwana, leruo,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Livestock |url=https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121120251/https://www.ntotank.com/blog/rainwater-harvesting-for-livestock/ |archive-date=2018-11-21 |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=ntotank.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; go nosa, [[Metsi a a nowang|metsi a a dirisiwang mo lwapeng]] a sena go phepafatswa mo go maleba le go bedisiwa mo gae. Metsi a a beeleditsweng a ka dirisiwa gape go bolokwa nako e telele kgotsa go tlatsa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kinkade-Levario |first=Heather |year=2007 |title=Design for Water: Rainwater Harvesting, Stormwater Catchment, and Alternate Water Reuse |publisher=[[Douglas &amp; McIntyre|New Society Publishers]] |isbn=978-0-86571-580-6 |location=[[Gabriola Island]], BC |page=27 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke nngwe ya mekgwa e e motlhofo gape e le wa bogologolo wa go itlamela ka metsi a malapa, e ntse e dirisiwa kwa Asia Borwa le mafatshe a mangwe dingwaga di le diketekete tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Bagel |first=Ravi |date=2017 |title=Water, knowledge and the environment in Asia: epistemologies, practices and locales |last2=Stepan |first2=Lea |last3=Hill |first3=Joseph K. W. |isbn=978-1-315-54316-1 |location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhabologo jaaka tsa Baroma di ne tsa dira dithulaganyo tse di tseneletseng tsa go kokoanya metsi, di akaretsa le mesele ya metsi le mesele ya marulelo, e e neng ya thaya motheo wa dithulaganyo di le dintsi tsa segompieno mo meseleng e e sa ntseng e dirisiwa gompieno. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=The History of Rainwater Harvesting: From Roman Aqueducts to Modern Gutters |url=https://rockstarraingutters.com/the-history-of-rainwater-harvesting-from-roman-aqueducts-to-modern-gutters |access-date=2025-05-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ye e ka dirisiwa ka sekale se se farologaneng, go akaretsa le malapa, mafelo a boagisanyi, le merafe, mme gape di ka direla mafelo jaaka dikolo, dikokelo, le dikago tse dingwe tsa setšhaba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rural Water Supply Network |title=Rural Water Supply Network Self-supply site |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114211852/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/self-supply |archive-date=2019-01-14 |access-date=2017-03-19 |website=rural-water-supply.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditiriso ==

[[File:03242012Taller_sostenibilidad_lore037.jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go tshwara le go boloka metsi a pula, khamphase ya Mexico City, Sekolo sa Monterrey sa Maranyane le Thuto e e kgolwane]]
[[File:Cistern_in_the_Mission_District,_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|thumb|Tanka, Kgaolo ya Borongwa, San Fransisko, California]]
[[File:Gibraltar_East_Side_Water_Catchments_in_1992.jpg|thumb|Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula, Letlhakore la Botlhaba la Gibraltar, 1992]]
[[File:Panarea01.jpg|thumb|Lelwapa, le le nang le dinkgo go kokoanya metsi a pula mo marulelong, Panarea, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Aeolian, kwa bokone jwa Sicily, [[Italia|Italy]] ]]
[[File:UDDT_with_rainwater_harvesting_(3441547910).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go kokoanya metsi a pula le go tlhapa diatla mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo kwa [[Kenya]] .]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_in_Burkina_Faso_(2957138439).jpg|thumb|Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula kwa Burkina Faso]]
[[File:Rainwater_Harvesting_and_Plastic_Pond_2.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Polasetiki la go beeletsa Metsi a Pula, Nepal, 2013 ]]
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_systems_in_Kiribati_(10715703914).jpg|thumb|Thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula, kwa Kiribati ]]

=== Tiriso ya mo gae ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go tswa mo marulelong go dirisiwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang, metsi a mo gae, metsi a leruo, metsi a go nosetsa mo go botlana, le tsela ya go oketsa metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Harvesting in Flats |url=https://www.uttarayangroup.com/blogs/rain-water-harvesting-in-flats-guide-for-new-flats-in-guwahati-residents |website=Uttarayangroup}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Morales Rojas |first=Eli |last2=Díaz Ortiz |first2=Edwin Adolfo |last3=Medina Tafur |first3=Cesar Augusto |last4=García |first4=Ligia |last5=Oliva |first5=Manuel |last6=Rojas Briceño |first6=Nilton B. |date=2021 |title=A Rainwater Harvesting and Treatment System for Domestic Use and Human Consumption in Native Communities in Amazonas (NW Peru): Technical and Economic Validation |journal=Scientifica |language=en |volume=2021 |issue=1 |doi=10.1155/2021/4136379 |issn=2090-908X |pmc=8548140 |pmid=34712503 |doi-access=free |article-number=4136379}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kenya e setse e ntse e atlega ka go beeletsa metsi a pula go dirisiwa mo matlwaneng a boithomelo, go tlhatswa diaparo le go nosetsa. Fa e sa le go tlhongwa Molao wa Metsi wa 2016, Kenya e beile kwa pele go laola madirelo a lone a temothuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Understanding the Kenya 2016 Water Act |url=https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726195032/https://www.2030wrg.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Understanding-the-Kenyan-Water-Act-2016.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2021 |access-date=July 26, 2021 |website=2030wrg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga moo, mafelo mangwe kwa Australia a dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng go apaya le go nwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Amos 174–190&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Amos |first=Caleb Christian |last2=Rahman |first2=Ataur |last3=Karim |first3=Fazlul |last4=Gathenya |first4=John Mwangi |date=November 2018 |title=A scoping review of roof harvested rainwater usage in urban agriculture: Australia and Kenya in focus |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=202 |pages=174–190 |bibcode=2018JCPro.202..174A |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.108 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=158718294}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Temothuo ===
Mabapi le temothuo ya ditoropo, go beeletsa metsi a pula mo ditoropong go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa go elela ga metsi le merwalela. Go kopanya marulelo a ‘tshomarelo’ a toropo le tse di dirisiwang go beeletsa metsi a pula di fitlhetswe di fokotsa mogote wa dikago ka go feta 1.3 degrees Celsius. Go beeletsa metsi a pula mmogo le temothuo ya ditoropo e ka nna tsela e e ka kgonegang ya go thusa go fitlhelela Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang a Ditšhabakopano a ditoropo tse di phepa le tse di tswelelang, botsogo le boitekanelo, le tshireletsego ya dijo le metsi ( Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 6 ). Maranyane a teng, le fa go ntse jalo, a tlhoka go tlhabololwa gore a kgone go dirisa metsi ka tsela e e botoka go fokotsa tshenyo, segolobogolo mo lefelong la toropo.

Matsholo mo mafatsheng a Caribbean a le matlhano a supile gore go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a a elelang a pula go dirisiwa morago go kgona go fokotsa kotsi ya go latlhegelwa ke bontlhabongwe jwa thobo kgotsa yotlhe ya ngwaga ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya mmu kgotsa metsi . Mo godimo ga moo, dikotsi tse di amanang le morwalela le kgogolego ya mmu ka dipaka tsa pula e ntsi di ne di ka fokotsega. Balemibarui ba bannye, segolo jang ba ba lemang mo dithabeng, ba ka solegelwa molemo thata ke go beeletsa metsi a pula ka gore ba kgona go tshwara metsi a a elelang le go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa kgogolego ya mmu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Fletcher-Paul-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fletcher-Paul |first=Dr. Lystra |title=Feasibility Study of Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture in the Caribbean Subregion |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |url-status=live |journal=FAO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425184846/http://www.fao.org/3/a-bq747e.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-25 |access-date=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafatshe a le mantsi, segolo jang a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Qiang |year=2015 |title=Rainwater Harvesting for Agriculture and Water Supply |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-287-964-6 |location=Beijing |page=20 |display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela mo dithoteng le mo mekgokoloseng. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go beeletswa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . &lt;ref name=&quot;PracticalAction-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting |url=http://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508110251/https://practicalaction.org/rainwater-harvesting-8 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong, matamo le matangwana a ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula gore le mo malatsing a pula e nnye kgotsa e seyo, go nne le a a lekaneng go nosetsa dijalo.

=== Madirelo ===

[[Frankfurt airport|Lebala la difofane la Frankfurt]] bo na le thulaganyo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa Jeremane, go bolokwa metsi a a ka nnang dikhubikimitara di le sedikadike se le se ngwe ka ngwaga. Madi a a dirisitsweng mo thulaganyo e e ne e le didikadike di le 1.5 (USD$63 000) ka 1993. Thulaganyo e e kokoanya metsi mo marulelong a theminale e e ntšhwa e e nang le lefelo la disekweremitara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro le makgolo a le boferabobedi. Metsi a kokoangwa mo kamoreng e ka fa tlase ya lebala la difofane mo ditankeng di thataro tse di nang le bokgoni jwa polokelo ba dikhubiki mithara di le lekgolo. Metsi a dirisiwa thata mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa dimela le go phepafatsa thulaganyo ya go tsidifatsa phefo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater harvesting in Germany |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219135902/http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/international/germany.htm |archive-date=2019-02-19 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=www.rainwaterharvesting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go beeletswa ga metsi a pula go ne ga amogelwa kwa The Velodrome – Phaka ya Diolimpiki ya London – gore go okediwe go itsetsepela ga lefelo le. Go ne ga akanyediwa  phokotsego ya tiriso metsi a phaka ye ka masome a le bosupa le boraro mo lekgolong. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne ga akanngwa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula e ne e le tiriso e e seng mosola thata mo letsenong la madi go oketsa go itsetsepela go na le thulaganyo ya go dirisa metsi a mantsho gape ya phaka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODA-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Learning legacy: Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project |url=http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208062004/http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/sustainability/154-rainwater-harvesting-sust.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-08 |access-date=2018-04-24 |website=Olympic Delivery Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane  ==

Ka tlwaelo, taolo ya metsi a pula ka go dirisa dibeisane tsa go beeletsa go ne go dira tiro e le nngwe fela. Le fa go ntse jalo, taolo e e tokafaditsweng ya nako ya nnete e dira gore mafaratlhatlha a a nne gabedi jaaka motswedi wa go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa ntle le go senya bokgoni jo bo leng teng jwa go beeletsa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-03 |title=Rainwater Harvesting - Controls in the Cloud |url=https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805142833/https://www.high-profile.com/rainwater-harvesting-controls-in-cloud-by-steve-roy-marcus-quigley-and-chuck-raymond/ |archive-date=2019-08-05 |access-date=11 January 2015 |website=M. C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se se dirisitswe kwa ntlokgolong ya EPA go ntsha metsi a a bolokilweng pele ga ditiragalo tsa pula ya matlakadibe, ka jalo go lepalepana le seemo sa bosa mme gape go netefadiwa gore metsi a teng go dirisiwa gape morago. Se se na le mosola wa go oketsa boleng jwa metsi a a golotsweng le go fokotsa selekanyo sa metsi a a golotsweng ka nako ya ditiragalo tse di kopantsweng tsa go phophoma ga kgopoleswe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Sara Ashley |date=2014-11-11 |title=The Tech Behind Smart Cities - Eliminating Water Pollution |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114145530/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/11/11/innovative-city-tech/8.html |archive-date=2014-11-14 |access-date=13 November 2014 |website=CNN Money}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Braga |first=Andrea |title=Making Green Work, and Work Harder |url=http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195602/http://www1.villanova.edu/content/dam/villanova/engineering/vcase/sym-presentations/3a3_Making%20Green_Andrea%20Braga.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=30 November 2014 |publisher=Geosyntec |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kakaretso, matamo a go tlhola a agiwa go kgabaganya melatswana go tokafatsa go tsenelela ga metsi a fa godimo mo dikarolong tsa mmu o o ka fa tlase . Go tsenelela ga metsi mo lefelong le le kgobokanetsweng ke metsi la matamo a go tlhola go ka tokafadiwa ka maitirelo go menagane ka go tlhofofatsa mmu yo o ka fa tlase go dirisiwa dilo tse di thunyang tsa ANFO jaaka di dirisiwa mo meepong e e bulegileng . Ka jalo, matamo a a ka fa tlase a a mo lefelong a ka tlatswa ka bofefo go dirisiwa metsi a a leng teng a fa godimo ka botlalo go dirisiwa mo pakeng ya komelelo.

=== Thulaganyo ya tsamaiso ===
Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di ka farologana ka botegeniki, go tswa mo dithulaganyong tse di ka tsenngwang ka bokgoni jo bonnye, go ya kwa dithulaganyong tse di itirisang tse di tlhokang go rulaganngwa le go tsenngwa ga maemo a a kwa godimo. Thulaganyo ya motheo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tiro ya diphaephe go na le tiro ya setegeniki, ka gonne mafelo otlhe a go tswa metsi a a tswang mo moseleng wa kago a golagantswe ka lethombo go ya kwa tankeng e e ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e e bolokang metsi. Go na le dikarolo tse di tlwaelegileng tse di tsenngwang mo dithulaganyong tse di jalo, jaaka ditlhotlhi tsa pele (bona sekao, setlhotlhi sa vortex ), mesele/mesele, ditshodi tsa polokelo, le go ikaegile ka gore a thulaganyo e na le kgatelelo, gape le dipompo, le didiriswa tsa kalafi jaaka mabone a UV, didiriswa tsa go babalela metsi le didiriswa tsa morago ga go tlhotlha.

Dithulaganyo di bogolo jo bo siameng go fitlhelela tlhokego ya metsi mo pakeng yotlhe ya komelelo ka e tshwanetse go nna kgolo go tshegetsa tiriso ya metsi ya letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tlhamalalo, lefelo le le tshwarang pula jaaka borulelo jwa kago le tshwanetse go nna le legolo jo bo letlang go ka tshegetsa go elela ga metsi mo go lekaneng. Bogolo jwa tanka ya polokelo ya metsi bo tshwanetse go nna bogolo jo bo lekaneng go tshola metsi a a beeleditsweng.Mo dithulaganyong tsa maranyane a a kwa tlase, go dirisiwa mekgwa e le mentsi ya botegeniki jo bo kwa tlase go tshwara metsi a pula: dithulaganyo tsa marulelo, go beeletsa metsi a a kwa godimo, le go pompa metsi a pula a a setseng a tseneletse mo mmung kgotsa a netse mo matangwaneng le go a boloka mo ditankeng.

=== Go beeletsa ga metsi a pula ka diphanele tsa marang a letsatsi ===
Metswedi ya metsi ya boleng jo bo siameng gaufi le mafelo a a nang le batho e a tlhokega e bile e ja madi a mantsi mo bajibareking. Mo godimo ga marang a letsatsi le a phefo, metsi a pula ke motswedi o mogolo o o ntšhafadiwang mo lefatsheng lengwe le lengwe. Mafelo a magolo a ntse a khurumediwa ke diphanele tsa PV tsa letsatsi ngwaga le ngwaga mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe. Diphanele tsa letsatsi di ka dirisiwa gape go beeletsa bontsi jwa metsi a pula a a welang mo go tsone mme go nwa metsi a a boleng, a a senang megare le dilo tse di emisitsweng, a ka tlhagisiwa ka dithulaganyo tse di motlhofo tsa go tlhotlha le go bolaya megare ka gore metsi a pula a na le letswai le le kwa tlase thata . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain fed solar-powered water purification systems. |url=http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111651/http://www.windpowerengineering.com/environmental/wind-solar-powered-offgridbox-useful-hurricane-passes/ |archive-date=21 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=Inverted Umbrella Brings Clean Water &amp; Clean Power To India |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123311/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/12/04/inverted-umbrella-brings-clean-water-clean-power-india/ |archive-date=2018-07-09 |access-date=5 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go dirisa metsi a pula go dira didirisiwa tse di okeditsweng boleng jaaka metsi a a nowang a a tsentsweng mo mabotlolong go dira gore dipolante tsa marang a letsatsi tsa PV di nne le dipoelo le mo mafelong a pula e e nang thata kgotsa a a nang le maru ka go dira lotseno lo lo oketsegileng. Bosheng jaana, go kokoanya metsi a pula ka tsela e e somarelang madi mo didibeng tse di leng teng go fitlhetswe go le mosola thata mo go tlhatloseng maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kwa India.

=== Tse dingwe tse di tlhamilweng ===
Groasis Waterboxx ke sekai sa maranyane a sekale se se kwa tlase, mo ntlheng e go thusa go jala ditlhare mo lefelong le le omileng. E beeletsa metsi a pula le monyo.

Lenaneo la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Botsamaisi jwa Metsi a Pula ke lenaneo la tshomarelo ya metsi le le rotloeditsweng ke UNCCD le Tswaragano ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ka Metsi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Global Rainwater Management Program (GRMP) |url=https://droughtclp.unccd.int/blog/global-rainwater-management-program-grmp |access-date=2026-05-12 |website=droughtclp.unccd.int |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mosola ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula go fa thusa ka go phatlalatsa metsi mo go ikemetseng mo dinakong tsa melawana ya dithibelo tsa metsi mo kgaolong, gape mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, gantsi go dirisiwa go tlatsa metsi a a dirisiwang ke botlhe. E tlamela ka metsi fa go nna le leuba, e ka thusa go fokotsa morwalela wa mafelo a a kwa tlase, le go fokotsa tlhokego ya didiba tse di ka kgontshang maemo a metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe go tswelela. Go beeletsa metsi a pula go oketsa go nna teng ga metsi ka dipaka tsa komelelo ka go oketsa metsi a didiba tse di kgadileng. Metsi a a fa godimo a nna a le teng go dira ditiro tse di farologaneng ka jalo go fokotsa go ikaega ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe fela. Go tokafatsa boleng jwa mmu ka go timola letswai la mmu. Ga go bake kgotlelo e bile ga go senye tikologo. Go somarela madi e bile go kgonega motlhofo. Go thusa gape mo go nneng teng ga metsi a a nowang, ka metsi a pula a se letswai gape a sena matswai ape a mangwe. Ditiriso tsa go kokoanya metsi a pula mo thulaganyong ya metsi a toropo di tlamela ka mosola o mogolo mo dithulaganyongpotlana tsa tlamelo ya metsi le tsa metsi a a leswe ka go fokotsa tlhokego ya [[Kgotlelesego ya metsi|metsi a a phepa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa phatlalatso ya metsi, metsi a pula a a elelang a mannye mo dithulaganyong tsa kgopoleswe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Behzadian |first=k |last2=Kapelan |first2=Z |date=2015 |title=Advantages of integrated and sustainability based assessment for metabolism-based strategic planning of urban water systems |url=https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/17351/1/Behzadian%20and%20Kapelan%202015b.pdf |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=527-528 |pages=220–231 |bibcode=2015ScTEn.527..220B |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.097 |hdl=10871/17351 |pmid=25965035 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; le phokotso ya go elela ga metsi a pula a a kgotlelang metsi a a phepa mo dinokeng.

Setlhopha segolo sa tiro se remeletse mo tlhabololong ya tshekatsheko ya tsela ya botshelo le mekgwa ya yone ya go dira ditshenyegelo go sekaseka maemo a ditlamorago tsa tikologo le madi a a ka bolokwang ka go tsenya tirisong dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula. &lt;ref name=&quot;inh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 November 2017 |title=New rooftop solar hydro panels harvest drinking water and energy at the same time |url=https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810113041/https://inhabitat.com/new-rooftop-solar-hydropanels-harvest-drinking-water-and-energy-at-the-same-time/ |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2017-11-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ===
Go beeletsa metsi a pula go thusa ka phatlalatso ya metsi e e ikemetseng ka dinako tsa thibelo metsi. Mo mafelong a metsi a a phepa a tlhwatlhwagodimo, kgotsa go leng thata go a bona, go beeletsa a metsi a pula ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a phepa. Mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng, metsi a pula gantsi a beeletswa go dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa tlaleletso wa metsi go na le motswedi o mogolo, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa metsi tsa lelapa kgotsa selekanyo tiriso ka kakaretso. Metsi a pula a babalesegile go ka nowa fa bajibareki ba dira diphepafatso tse dingwe pele ba ka a nwa. Go bedisa metsig go thusa go bolaya megare. Go oketsa tlaleletso e nngwe mo thulaganyong jaaka diverter ya ntlha ya go tlhatswa le yona ke tsamaiso e e tlwaelegileng go tila dikgotletsi tsa metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rainwater Collection |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406004255/https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/rainwater-collection.html |archive-date=2020-04-06 |website=Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tlaleletso ka leuba ===
Fa go nna le leuba, metsi a pula a a neng a beeleditswe mo dikgweding tse di fetileng a ka dirisiwa. Fa pula e le nnye mme gape e sa lepege, tiriso ya thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna botlhokwa mo go tshwareng pula fa e na. Mafatshe a le mantsi a a nang le tikologo e e omeletseng, a dirisa go beeletsa metsi a pula jaaka motswedi o o tlhwatlhwatlase le o o ikanyegang wa metsi a a phepa. Go tokafatsa nosetso mo ditikologong tse di omeletseng, go agiwa mabotana a mmu go tshwara le go thibela metsi a pula go elela go ya kwa tlase. Le mo dipakeng tsa pula e e kwa tlase, go kokoanngwa metsi a a lekaneng gore dijalo di gole . Metsi a ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo marulelong mme ditanka di ka agiwa go tshwara metsi a mantsi a pula.

Mo godimo ga moo, go beeletsa metsi a pula go fokotsa tlhokego ya metsi go tswa mo didibeng, mme se se dira gore selekanyo sa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe se kgone go tswelela pele go na le go fokotsega.

=== Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ===
Tshekatsheko ya go dikogologa ga botshelo ke mokgwa o o dirisiwang go sekaseka ditlamorago tsa tikologo tsa thulaganyo go tswa mo tshimologong go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa botshelo jwa yone. Devkota et al, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=J. |last2=Schlachter |first2=H. |last3=Anand |first3=C. |last4=Phillips |first4=R. |last5=Apul |first5=Defne |date=November 2013 |title=Development and application of EEAST: A lifecycle-based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=130 |pages=397–404 |bibcode=2013JEnvM.130..397D |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.015 |pmid=24141064}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ba tlhamile mokgwa o o jalo wa go beeletsa metsi a pula, mme ba fitlhela gore moalo wa kago (sekao, dilekanyo) le tiro (sekao, thuto, bonno, jj.) di na le seabe se se botlhokwa mo go diriweng ga thulaganyo ye.

Go emelana le dipharametara tsa tiro tsa dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula, go ne ga tlhamiwa meteriki o mošwa – tekanyetso ya tlhokego go tlamelo (D/S) – e e supang kakanyetso e e siameng ya kago (tlamelo) le tiro (tlhokego) mabapi le tiragatso ya tikologo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula go tsamaisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo. Ka mogopolo wa gore phatlalatso ya metsi a pula ga e boloke fela metsi a a nowang mme gape e boloka metsi a pula a a tsenang mo mafaratlhatlheng a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe (ka jalo a tlhoka go phepafadiwa), dipoloko mo mesing ya tikologo di ne di le kwa godimo fa dikago di golagantswe le mafaratlhatlha a a kopantsweng a kgopoleswe fa di bapisiwa le tse di kgaoganeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;Devkota 20152&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Devkota |first=Jay |last2=Schlachter |first2=Hannah |last3=Apul |first3=Defne |date=May 2015 |title=Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=95 |pages=311–321 |bibcode=2015JCPro..95..311D |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go fokotsa ditshenyegelo ===
Le fa dithulaganyo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa RWH di ka tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi mo dikgaolong tse di tlhabologang tse di lebaganeng le lehuma, palogare ya ditshenyegelo tsa thulaganyo ya RWH e ka nna tlhwatlhwagodimo go ikaegile ka mofuta wa maranyane a a  dirisiwang. Thuso ya puso le diNGO di ka thusa baagi ba ba lebaganeng le lehuma ka go tlamela ka didirisiwa le thuto e e tlhokegang go tlhama le go tlhokomela dithulaganyo tsa RWH. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipatlisiso dingwe di supa gore go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tharabololo e e dirisiwang thata mo tlhaelong ya metsi le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi , ka ntlha ya go somarela ditshenyegelo le go sa senye tikologo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cain |first=Nicholas L. |date=2014 |title=A Different Path: The Global Water Crisis and Rainwater Harvesting |journal=Consilience |issue=12 |pages=147–157 |issn=1948-3074 |jstor=26476158}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Staddon |first=Chad |last2=Rogers |first2=Josh |last3=Warriner |first3=Calum |last4=Ward |first4=Sarah |last5=Powell |first5=Wayne |date=17 November 2018 |title=Why doesn't every family practice rainwater harvesting? Factors that affect the decision to adopt rainwater harvesting as a household water security strategy in central Uganda |journal=Water International |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1114–1135 |bibcode=2018WatIn..43.1114S |doi=10.1080/02508060.2018.1535417 |s2cid=158857347 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go aga dithulaganyo tse dišwa tse di bonalang, tse di kopantsweng tsa tlamelo ya metsi, jaaka matamo, go na thata le go senya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tsa lefelo, go  baka ditshenyegelo tsa setho tsa kwa ntle, mme go na le tiriso e e lekanyeditsweng, bogolosegolo mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologang kgotsa mo merafeng e e humanegileng. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go tsenya dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula go netefadiwa ke dipatlisiso di le mmalwa go tlamela baagi ba lefelo ka motswedi wa metsi o o tswelelang, o o patiwang ke bomosola jo bongwe jo bontsi, go akaretsa tshireletso mo merwaleleng le taolo ya go elela ga metsi, le mo dikgaolong tse di humanegileng tota. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Furumai |first=Hiroaki |year=2008 |title=Recent application of rainwater storage and harvesting in Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di sa tlhokeng kago e kgolo kgotsa tlhokomelo ya nako le nako ke moitseanape go tswa kwa ntle ga morafe di siame thata mo tikologong mme di ka solegela batho ba lefelo molemo ka nako e telele. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cain-2014&quot; /&gt; Ka jalo, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula tse di ka tsenngwang le go tlhokomelwa ke batho ba lefelo leo di na le ditshono tse dikgolo tsa go amogelwa le go dirisiwa ke batho ba le bantsi.

Tiriso ya maranyane mo lefelong e ka fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa peeletso mo go beeletseng metsi a pula. Maranyane a mo lefelong la go beeletsa metsi a pula e ka nna mogopolo o o kgonegang mo dikgaolong tsa magae ka gonne go tlhokega didirisiwa tse dinnye go di aga. Di tlamela ka motswedi wa metsi o o ikanyegang o o ka dirisiwang go atolosa dipoelo tsa temothuo. Ditanka tse di fa godimo ga lefatshe di kgona go beeletsa metsi go dirisiwa mo gae ; le fa go ntse jalo, diyuniti tse di ntseng jalo di ka nna tsa pala go rekwa ke batho ba ba humanegileng. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lunduka |first=Rodney |date=2011 |title=ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING AND SMALL-SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316284488 |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=ResearchGate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikgoreletsi ==

Go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tsela e e dirisiwang thata go boloka metsi a pula mo mafatsheng a nang le dikgang tsa leuba. Dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa dipatlisiso di supile le go simolodisa mefuta le bogeteniki jo bo farologaneng go tlhopha mafelo a a siametseng go beeletswa ga metsi a pula. Dipatlisiso dingwe di ne tsa supiwa le go tlhophiwa mafelo a a tshwanetseng a go ka agiwang matamo, mmogo le go bona moagi wa moalo mo ArcMap 10.4.1. Moalo yo o ne wa kopanya dipharametara di le mmalwa, jaaka go kgokologa, bokgoni jwa go elela ga metsi, khurumetso/tiriso ya lefatshe, thulaganyo ya molatswana, boleng jwa mmu, le kitso tsa metsi go bona gore lefelo le siametse go beeletsa a metsi a pula. 

Metsi a a beeleditsweng go tswa mo dithulaganyong tsa RWH a ka nna mannye ka nako ya pula e e kwa tlase ga palogare mo dikgaolong tse di omeletseng tsa ditoropo jaaka Botlhabagare . RWH e mosola mo mafelong a a tlhabologang ka gonne e kokoanya metsi go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo gae. Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a a kgobokantsweng a tshwanetse go sefiwa sentle go netefatsa gore a nowa ka pabalesego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=J. |last2=Husary |first2=S. |last3=Gunkel |first3=A. |last4=Bastian |first4=D. |last5=Grodek |first5=T. |date=2012-03-06 |title=Potentials and limits of urban rainwater harvesting in the Middle East |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |url-status=live |journal=Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=715–724 |bibcode=2012HESS...16..715L |doi=10.5194/hess-16-715-2012 |issn=1607-7938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023556/https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/16/715/2012/ |archive-date=2022-07-10 |access-date=2020-11-28 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boleng jwa metsi ===
Metsi a pula a ka tlhoka go sekasekwa sentle, le go dirisiwa ka tsela e e maleba go lebilwe pabalesego ya one. Ka sekai, kwa kgaolong ya Gansu, go bolaya megare mo metsing ka letsatsi go dirisiwa ka go bedisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo dipitseng tsa letsatsi tsa pharabola pele ga a dirisiwa go nowa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90781/6248934.html|last1=Chen|first1=Xuefei|title=Rainwater harvesting benefits farmers in Gansu|journal=People's Daily Online|date=27 August 2007|access-date=10 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mekgwa e e bidiwang &quot; maranyane a a maleba &quot; ye etlamela ka megopolo ya go bolaya megare e e mo metsing a a bolokilweng ka tlhwatlhwatlase go a phepafaletsa go nowa.

Le fa metsi a pula ka boone e le motswedi o o phepa wa metsi, gantsi a le botoka go feta metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe kgotsa metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng kgotsa mo makadibeng, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hatch |first=Jacob |title=The Many Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting |url=https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213021007/https://hydrationanywhere.com/the-many-benefits-of-rain-water-harvesting/ |archive-date=13 December 2016 |access-date=3 August 2018 |website=Hydration Anywhere}}&lt;/ref&gt; thulaganyo ya go a kokoanya le go a boloka gantsi e tlogela metsi a kgotlelegile e bile a sa nowe. Metsi a pula a a tsewang mo marulelong a ka nna le mantle a batho, diphologolo le dinonyane, di- moss le di- lichen, lerole le le fokisiwang ke phefo, dikarolwana tse di tswang mo kgotlhelong ya toropo, dibolaya-ditshedi, le di-ione tse di sa tsheleng go tswa mo lewatleng ( Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4 ), le digase tse di tswakilweng ( &lt;sub&gt;CO&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;sub&gt;NO&lt;/sub&gt; ). Go fitlhetswe selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa dibolaya-ditshedi tmo metsing a pula kwa Yuropa ka dilekanyo tse di kwa godimo tse di diragalang mo puleng ya ntlha ka bonako morago ga nako ya komelelo;  kgobokano ya dikgotleletsi tse le tse dingwe e fokodiwa thata ka go faposa go elela ga ntlha ga metsi a a elelang go ya kwa matlakaleng. Boleng jo bo tokafaditsweng jwa metsi bo ka bonwa gape ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go goga go phaphamisiwa (go na le go tswa mo botlaseng jwa tanka) le ka go dirisa motseletsele wa ditanka, gogela morago go tswa mo go tsa bofelo mo motseletseleng. Go sefiwa pele ke mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng o o dirisiwang mo madirelong go dira gore thulaganyo e nne e itekanetse le go netefatsa gore metsi a a tsenang mo tankeng ga a na motlhaba yo montsi.

Kgopolo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula le go a phepafatsa ka marang a letsatsi go nowa mo malapeng a kwa magaeng e tlhamilwe ke Sekolo sa Patlisiso sa Temothuo sa Nimbkar . &lt;ref name=&quot;Patange-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Low cost drinking water technology – rainwater harvesting with solar purification. Current Science, Vol. 118, No.6, 25 March 2020 |url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119182928/https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/118/06/0872.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka kgopolo, thulaganyo ya phatlalatso ya metsi e tshwanetse go tsamaisana le boleng jwa metsi le modirisi wa bofelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafatsheng a mantsi a a tlhabologileng thata, metsi a a nowang a boleng jo bo kwa godimo a dirisediwa ditiriso tsotlhe. Mokgwa yo o senya madi le maatla mme o dira gore tikologo e nne le ditlamorago tse di sa tlhokegeng. Go tlamela ka metsi a pula a a fetileng mo dikgatong tsa ntlha tsa go sefa tsa tiriso ya metsi a a sa noweng, jaaka go fetisa leswe mo ntlwaneng ya boithomelo, go nosetsa, le go tlhatswa diaparo, e ka nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya leano la taolo ya metsi le le tswelelang.

Ditanka tsa metsi a pula gape di ka nna jaaka bonno jwa menang e e nang le megare. Ka ntlha ya seo, go tshwanetse ga tlhokomelwa go netefatsa gore menang e e namagadi ga e kgone go tsena mo tankeng go baya mae. Ditlhapi tse di jang dibokwana le tsone di ka tsenngwa mo tankeng, kgotsa e ka alafiwa ka dikhemikhale.

== Dikai tsa mafatshe  ==

=== Canada ===

== Ditso ==

Go agiwa le tiriso ya ditanka go boloka metsi a pula go ka latedisiwa go boela kwa Metlheng ya Neolithic, fa ditanka tsa polasetere tse di thibelang metsi di ne di agiwa mo bodiloo mafelong a metse ya Levant, lefelo le legolo kwa Borwabophirima jwa Asia, kwa borwa jwa Dithaba tsa Taurus kwa Bophirima jwa lewatleMediter  Sekaka sa Arabea kwa borwa, le Mesopotamia kwa botlhaba. Ka bokhutlo jwa 4000 BC , ditanka e ne e le dintlha tse di botlhokwa tsa botegeniki tse di tlhagelelang tsa taolo ya metsi tse di dirisiwang mo temothuong ya lefatshe le le omileng . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ribolotswe ditanka di le dintsi tsa bogologolo mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Jerusalema le mo lefelong lotlhe le gompieno le bidiwang Iseraele/Palesetina. Mo lefelong le bangwe ba dumelang gore ke la motse wa baebele wa Ai (Khirbet et-Tell), go ne ga bonwa tanka e tona ye dingwaga tsa yone di ka latedisiwang kwa go bo 2500 BC e e neng e na le bokgoni jwa dikhubiki mithara di ka nna sekete le makgolo a le masupa {{Convert|1,700|m3|cuft}} .   . E ne e betlilwe ka lentswe le le thata, e tsentswe matlapa a matona, e bo e tswalelwa ka letsopa gore e se ka ya dutla. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Setlhaketlhake sa Gerika sa Crete gape se itsege ka tiriso ya sone ya ditanka tse ditona tsa go beeletsa le go boloka metsi a pula ka nako ya Minoan go tloga ka 2,600 BC–1,100 BC. Go bonwe ditanka di le nne tse ditona kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos, kwa Archanes le kwa Sakroeach. Tanka e e fitlhetsweng kwa Myrtos-Pyrgos e ne ya fitlhelwa e kgona go tshola metsi a a fetang dikhubiki mithara di le masome a le boferabobedi {{Convert|80|m3|cuft}}   le dingwaga tsa tsone di latedisiwa go fitlha ko go 1700 BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka bo 300 BC, merafe ya balemirui kwa Balochistan (e jaanong e leng kwa Pakistan, Afghanistan, le Iran), le Kutch, India, ba ne ba dirisa metsi a pula a a beeleditsweng mo temothuong le ditiriso tse dingwe tse dintsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rain water Harvesting |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812001933/http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/rainwater.htm |archive-date=12 August 2019 |access-date=23 January 2012 |publisher=Tamil Nadu State Government, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go beeletsa metsi a pula go ne go dirwa ke dikgosi tsa Chola gape. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 July 2010|title=Believes in past, lives in future|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/07/17/stories/2010071754460800.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a pula a a tswang kwa tempeleng ya Brihadeeswarar (e e kwa Balaganapathy Nagar, kwa Thanjavur, kwa India) a ne a kokoanngwa mo tankeng ya Shivaganga. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 August 2003|title=Rare Chola inscription found near Big Temple|location=India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/08/04/stories/2003080402510500.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako ya moragonyana ya Chola, tanka ya Vīrānam e ne ya agiwa (1011 go ya go 1037 AD) kwa kgaolong ya Cuddalore ya Tamil Nadu go boloka metsi a go nwa le go nosetsa. Vīrānam ke tanka e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le borataro e e kgonang go boloka metsi a dikhubiki mithara di le sedikadike le dikete di le makgolo a ke mane le masome a le marataro le botlhano {{Convert|1,465,000,000|cuft|m3}}   .

Go beeletsa metsi a pula gape go ne go tlwaelegile mo Mmusomogolong wa Roma . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kamash |first=Zena |date=2010 |title=Archaeologies of Water in the Roman Near East |publisher=Gorgias Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa diforo tsa metsi tsa Roma di itsege thata, ditanka tsa Roma le tsone di ne di dirisiwa thata mme go agiwa ga tsone go ne ga atologa le Mmusomogolo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Mays et al. 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mays |first=Larry |last2=Antoniou |first2=George |last3=Angelakis |first3=Andreas |name-list-style=amp |date=2013 |title=History of water cisterns: Legacies and lessons |journal=Water |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=1916–1940 |bibcode=2013Water...5.1916M |doi=10.3390/w5041916 |hdl=2286/R.I.43114 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka sekai, kwa Pompeii, go boloka metsi mo marulelong go ne go tlwaelegile pele ga go agiwa ga mosele wa metsi mo lekgolong lantlha la dingwaga BC. &lt;ref name=&quot;ArchServe-2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Water Supply Systems: Cisterns, Reservoirs, Aqueducts {{!}} Roman Building Technology and Architecture, University of California Santa Barbara |url=https://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718072245/http://archserve.id.ucsb.edu/courses/arthistory/152k/water.html |archive-date=2016-07-18 |access-date=2018-04-13 |website=ArchServe}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ditso tse di tsa tswelela le Mmusomogolo wa Byzantium; ka sekai, Tanka ya Basilica kwa Istanbul.

Le fa toropo ya Venice e ne e sa itsiwe go le kalo, ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga e ne e ikaegile ka go beeletsa metsi a pula. Letsha le le dikologileng Venice ke metsi a a letswai, a a sa tshwanelang go nowa. Baagi ba bogologolo ba kwa Venice ba ne ba tlhoma thulaganyo ya go beeletsa metsi a pula e e neng e theilwe mo didibeng tse di dirilweng ke batho tse di sireleditsweng go kokoanya metsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Venetian wells |url=http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509005248/http://www.venicebackstage.org/en/159/i-pozzi-veneziani/ |archive-date=2019-05-09 |access-date=2016-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metsi a ne a tsenelela mo bodilong jwa maje jo bo neng bo tlhamilwe ka tsela e e kgethegileng, mme a ne a sefiwa ke  motlhaba, morago ga moo a ne a kokoanngwa kwa tlase ga sediba. Moragonyana, fa Venice e ntse e bona mafelo mo lefatsheng le legolo, e ne ya simolola go reka metsi ka mokoro go tswa kwa dinokeng tsa lefelo leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, didiba tse di ne tsa nna di dirisiwa mme di ne di le botlhokwa thata ka dinako tsa ntwa fa mmaba a ne a ka kgona go thibela metsi a a dirisiwang a lefatshe gale le gale.

== Tiriso mo Ditoropong ==

Mo ditoropong, dithulaganyo tsa go beeletsa metsi a pula di kopanngwa mo mealong ya dikago go fokotsa go elela ga metsi le go tlaleletsa tlamelo ya metsi. Ditoropo di tshwana Melbourne, Singapore le Hyderabad di amogetse melawana e e rotloetsang go beeletsa metsi a pula mo dikagong tsa bonno le tsa kgwebo.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PUB Water from Local Catchment |url=https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/localcatchmentwater |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506104130/https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/localcatchmentwater |archive-date=2017-05-06 |access-date=2025-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikai tsa Mafatshe  ==

=== Canada ===

=== Indiya ===
Le fa go beeletswa ga metsi a pula mo toropong go ile ga nna le maatla mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, bosupi bo supa gore go ne go kotulwa metsi a pula kwa metseselegaeng ya India fa e sa le ka metlha ya bogologolo.

=== United Kingdom ===

=== United States ===

=== Mafatshe a mangwe ===
[[File:Rainwater_harvesting_tank_(5981896147).jpg|thumb|Tanka ya go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa [[Rwanda]] .]]

* [[Uganda]] : Go beeletsa metsi a pula go ntse go dirisiwa kwa Uganda go rotloetsa tshireletsego ya metsi mo malapeng le mo morafeng dingwaga di le dintsi. Paakanyo ya thulaganyo ye ya dinako tsotlhe ke kgwetlho e e tswelelang gape go na le dikai tse dintsi tsa dithulaganyo tse di paletsweng ka ntlha ya tlhokomelo e e bokoa. Dipatlisiso di bontshitse gape gore kitsiso ka RWH le gore go ka fitlhelelwa jang didirisiwa tse di tlhokegang go diragatsa RWH go a farologana go ralala setšhaba sa Uganda. 
* [[Thailand]] e na le karolwana e kgolo ya baagi mo kgaolong ya magae e e ikaegileng ka go beeletsa metsi a pula (mo bogompienong e le masome a le mane mo lekgolong).  Go beeletsa metsi a pula go ne ga rotloediwa thata ke puso ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990, morago ga gore matlole a madi a puso a tlamele ditanka tsa go beeletsa metsi a fele, makalana a a ikemetseng ka nosi a ne a tsaya kgato a ntsha ditanka di le dikadikadike di mmalwa, tse bontsi jwa tsone di tswelelang go dirisiwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;saladin20162&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saladin |first=Matthias |date=2016 |title=Rainwater Harvesting in Thailand - learning from the World Champions |url=https://rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/759 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129200110/http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/759 |archive-date=2019-01-29 |access-date=2017-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Se ke sengwe sa dikai tse dikgolo tsa go itlamela ka metsi lefatshe ka bophara.
* Kwa Bermuda, molao o gwetlha gore dikago tsotlhe tse dišwa di akaretse go beeletsa metsi a pula a a lekaneng baagi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harry Low|date=December 23, 2016|title=Why houses in Bermuda have white stepped roofs|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38222271|access-date=2016-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* New Zealand e na le pula e ntsi kwa Bophirima le Borwa, mme go beeletsa metsi a pula ke tlwaelo mo mafelong a le mantsi a magae, go dirisiwa metsi a marulelo a a kaelwang ka go tshololela mo ditankeng tsa polokelo tse di khurumeditsweng, tsa dilitara di le sekete, ka thotloetso ya bontsi jwa makgotla a lefelo le. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 April 2016 |title=Rainwater tanks |url=http://www.gw.govt.nz/rainwater-tanks// |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414164122/http://www.gw.govt.nz/rainwater-tanks// |archive-date=14 April 2016 |access-date=21 March 2017 |publisher=Greater Wellington Regional Council}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kwa Sri Lanka, go beeletsa metsi a pula e nnile mokgwa o o tlwaelegileng wa go bona metsi a temothuo le a go nwa mo malwapeng a a kwa magaeng . Molao wa go rotloetsa go beeletsa ga metsi a pula o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka Molao wa Tlhabololo ya Ditoropo (Paakanyo), No. 36 wa 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament Of The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka |url=http://www.lankarainwater.org/rwhsl/act_36_2007_e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104180251/http://www.lankarainwater.org/rwhsl/act_36_2007_e.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-04 |access-date=2011-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foramo ya go Beeletsa Metsi a Pula ya Lanka e etelela pele letsholo la Sri Lanka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lanka Rain Water Harvesting Forum (LRWHF) |url=http://www.lankarainwater.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203171925/http://www.lankarainwater.org/ |archive-date=2015-02-03 |access-date=2011-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thulaganyo ya tanka ya cascade ke thulaganyo ya bogologolo ya go nosetsa e e akaretsang setlhaketlhake sa Sri Lanka.
* Kwa Bolivia, go simolotswe mananeo a go beeletsa metsi a pula kwa dikolong tsa kwa magaeng le kwa metsesetoropong go thusa go emelana le tlhaelo ya metsi le go tshegetsa temothuo e e dirwang kwa dikolong . Kwa Cochabamba, maiteko a a eteletsweng pele ke diNGO tsa lefelo leo le morafe a dirisitse ditsamaiso tsa go kokoanya metsi mo marulelong go nosetsa ditshingwana tse di tlamelang baithuti ka dijo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Archidiacono |first=Stefano |last2=Jeltsje Sanne |first2=Kemerink-Seyoum |last3=Irene |first3=Leonardelli |last4=Carolina |first4=Dominguez Guzman |last5=Tavengwa |first5=Chitata |last6=Zwarteveen |first6=Margreet |date=2024-09-01 |title=Engineering as Tinkering Care: A Rainwater Harvesting Infrastructure in Cochabamba, Bolivia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19378629.2024.2304176 |journal=Engineering Studies |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=206–225 |doi=10.1080/19378629.2024.2304176 |hdl=11245.1/15c42a7c-dc62-41c1-bcc8-00ab5c97b957 |issn=1937-8629 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letamo la Akosombo</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>50907</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T13:15:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Akosombo #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>50907</origin>
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      <text bytes="17762" sha1="cxhulzh45yovpeneymucncbs8rg4447" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Akosombo''', le leitsegeng gape ka leina la '''letamo la Volta''', ke letamo le go fetlhiwang motlakase mo go lone kwa nokeng ya Volta kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Ghana]] kwa mokgatsheng wa Akosombo le bontlha jwa Volta River Authority.&lt;ref&gt;Mensah-Ayettey, Eric (17 May 2021). [https://www.myjoyonline.com/akosombo-dam-could-serve-ghana-for-another-50-years-if-well-maintained-kweku-awotwi/ &quot;Akosombo Dam could serve Ghana for another 50 years if well maintained – Kweku Awotwi&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; Kago ya letamo e ne ya baka morwalela kwa bontlheng jwa kgampu ya [[noka ya Volta]] se sa baka [[lekadiba la Volta]]. Lekadiba la Volta ke lone lekadiba le letona le le iteretsweng mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano le bobedi, mo e leng 3.6% wa lefatshe la Ghana, se se le dira lekadiba le le itiretsweng le letona go fetisa a mangwe otlhe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-man-made-lakes-in-the-world.html &quot;The Largest Human-Made Lakes In The World&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka seelo sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le borobabobedi, lekadiba la Volta ke la boraro ka seelo le le itiretsweng o lefatsheng lotlhe; le letona go a fetisa otlhe ke [[lekadiba la Kariba]] le le tshwarang metsi a dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le botlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Fobil, J.N., D.K. Attaquayefio, and Volta Basin Research Project [VBRP]. 2003. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20061231122711/http://www.solutions-site.org/artman/publish/article_53.shtml Remediation of the environmental impacts of the Akosombo and Kpong dams]''. HORIZON Solutions Site: Public Health. Yale University Department of Biology: HORIZON International.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tirisokgolo ya letamo la Akosombo e ne e le go fetlhela madirelo a aluminiamo motlakase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Zakhary, K. 1997. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040827193052/http://www.med.mcgill.ca/mjm/v03n02/v03p093/v03p093.pdf ''Factors affecting the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Volta region of Ghana''.] McGill Journal of Medicine 3: 93–101.&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo la Akosombo le ne le bidiwa peletso e tona go fetisa tse dingwe mo tlhabololong ya Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php &quot;History of Akosombo dam&quot;]. Ghana Home Page. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110516134942/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php Archived] from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le mosola mo go direleng mafatshe a [[Togo]] le [[Benin]] motlakase, le ntswa kago ya letamo la Adjarala (kwa nokeng e e nosi ya Togo) go solofetsa go fokotsa go ikaega ka motlakase o o rekilweng ga mafatshe a.&lt;ref&gt;Europa Publications (2014). ''Africa South of the Sahara 2014''. [[:en:Routledge|Routledge]]. p. 112. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781857436983|&lt;bdi&gt;9781857436983&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le pele le ne le ntsha motlakase wa dimegawatts di le makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bobedi, o o neng wa tokafadiwa go nna dimegawatts di le seke le masome a mabedi mo porojekeng e e feditsweng ka 2006.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070808064226/http://www.vra.com/Power/retrofit.html &quot;Akosombo Hydro Power Plant Retrofit&quot;.] Volta River Authority. Archived from [http://www.vra.com/Power/retrofit.html the original] on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Morwalela o o neng wa baka lekadiba la Volta o ne wa baka phudugo ya batho ba le bantsi gape o ne wa nna le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo tikologong,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Gyau-Boakye, P. 2001. ''[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1011402116047 Environmental impacts of the akosombo dam and effects of climate change on the lake levels]''. Environment, Development and Sustainability 3(1): 17–29.&lt;/ref&gt; di akaretsa tiragalo e e bakileng kgothego ya lotshitshi;phetogo mo motsamaong wa metsi e bakile diphetogo mo seemong sa loapi ka pula e e sa neng ka bontsi  le bothito jo bo kwa godimo. Mmu o o dikaganyeditseng lekadiba ga o a nona jaaka o o kwa tlase ga lone, tiriso ya tsa temothuo e tlhoka tiriso ya dinontshane, mo go bakileng gore di kgobokane golo go le gongwe mo lekadibeng, mo go bakileng,mo go tse dingwe go gola thata ga mohero o o dirang gore go tsamaya mo metsing go nne thata, gape go bakile malwetsi a metsi a tshwana le bilharzia, bofofu jwa noka le malaria. Go batlela ba ba fudusitsweng magae a masha go ne go le thata, dinako tse dingwe go sa kgonege gotlhelele; go lema ga tlwaelo go ne ga nyelela lehuma la oketsega.

== Moalo ==
Letamo le simolotswe ka 1915 ke moitseanape wa majwe Albert Kitson, mme ga goa ke ga diriwa maano ape go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa 1940.&lt;ref&gt;[https://1library.net/document/q042d0gz-guide-to-electric-power-in-ghana.html &quot;Guide to Electric Power in Ghana&quot;.] ''1Library.net''. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Okoampa-Ahoofe, Kwame (16 July 2009). [https://thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=8696&amp;section=1 &quot;The False Ghanaian History of Paa Kwesi Nduom&quot;.] ''The Statesman''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110930095101/http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=8696&amp;section=1 Archived] from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Go tlhamiwa ga kgampu ya noka ya Volta go akanyeditswe ka 1949, mme ka madi a ne a sa lekana, kompone ya America ya Volta Aluminum Company e ne ya adimisa lefatshe la Ghana madi gore letamo le kgone go agiwa. Tautona Kwame Nkrumah o ne a tsaya porojeke ya go fetlha motlakase kwa nokeng ya Volta ya nna mo bookameding jwa gagwe,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; a thapa motshwantshi wa kwa Australia Keneth Scott go mo direla lefelo la bonno kwa a kgonang go lebelela letamo teng.&lt;ref&gt;Aidoo, Kwame (9 March 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241201192820/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/ghanas-most-impressive-buildings &quot;Ghana's Most Impressive Buildings&quot;.] ''Culture Trip''. Archived from [https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/ghanas-most-impressive-buildings the original] on 1 December 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Letamo le boleele jwa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a marataro, le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le lekgolo, lesome le bone, le na le letangwana le le agilweng ka majwe. Kwa tlase le bophara jwa dimithara di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mararo le borataro le selekanyo sa didkadike di supa, dikete di le makgoloa  robabongwe. Lekadiba le le dirilweng ke letamo la Volta, le na le selekanyo sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le borobabobedi le bophara jwa dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano le bobedi ka boleele. Seelo sa lekadiba le tletse ke dimithara di le masome a robabobedi le bone, mme fa le sa tlala le na le seelo sa masome a supa le boraro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[http://www.vra.com/our_mandate/akosombo_hydro_plant.php &quot;Akosombo Hydro Power Plant&quot;.] Volta River Authority. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131213155156/http://www.vra.com/our_mandate/akosombo_hydro_plant.php Archived] from the original on 21 April 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa botlhaba jwa letamo ke ditselana tse di tshololang metsi a dimithara di le dikete di le masome a mararo le bone. Tselana nngwe le nngwe e na le dikgoro di le thataro tse di bophara jwa dimithara di le lesome le motso, le boleele jwa dimithara di le lesome le boraro.&lt;ref&gt;[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:ickZ1oH93YYJ:www.vra.com/Publications/akobrochure.pdf+akosombo+dam+spillway+cubic+meters&amp;hl=en&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESi6Tt-YHv0BX-4PMqnu2nC0uYqIClyDQ-5-vhlPSHDUkYLu8cqzSpSSdP6uXXtdVZkBtnPOM2GoZgw27GSiZZ00AjSMIc05vo-LUR_Vr2ZkfWlk-FR5am1TPlo0cZmqbM742KjQ&amp;sig=AHIEtbS-Hu03H0CR92EIB0LFfiCpOMQGrQ &quot;Akosombo Dam Brochure&quot;]. Volta River Authority. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:YrnEXgzACScJ:www2.alterra.wur.nl/Internet/webdocs/ilri-publicaties/publicaties/Pub45v2/pub45v2-h3.pdf+akosombo+dam+spillway+m3+second&amp;hl=en&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESg7nsHhRD-TQ6aq7Stoy2tdE5OnQWmWiE6gfN-T12Ps-EwstJdTqHcB250hKvAmmPDqKeyRPlbVbggFDecQxToMDyGfSLxk0qkknuspVaT6134fVziWxcOvQCwaS0mbmW1e1P6H&amp;sig=AHIEtbQB-r5WNRxae8QFaHJQrYHb4m_l2A &quot;Annex 3&quot;.] Alterra. p. 46. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Madirelo a motlakase a letamo le a na le difetlhamotlakase tsa dimegawatts di le lekgolo le bosupa, di le thataro. Lefatlhamotlakase lengwe le lengwe le tshelwa metsi ka diphaepe tsa di mithara di le lekgolo, lesome le bobedi ka boleele, le bophara jwa dimithara di le supa le bobedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Moalo wa bofelo o ne o supa kago ya go nyerolosa aluminamo kwa Tema, letamo le agilwe kwa Akosombo go direla motshine o o nyerolosang motlakase, le mafaratlhatlha a megala ya motlakase a tsentswe kwa borwa jwa Ghana. Motshine o o nyerolosang aluminiamo o ne o solofetswe go ntsha dipoelo tse di tlhokafalang go ka tlhama meepo ya bauxite, mo go tlaa letlang go dira alominiamo kwa ntle le go reka alumina. Go tlhamiwa ga madirelo a alominiamo mo Ghana go ne go ikaegile ka motlakase wa metsi o o neng o akantswe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Motshine o o nyerolosang alominiamo o ne o tlhokometswe ke kompone ya kwa America ya Kaiser Aluminum, o dirisiwa ke valco. Motshine o, o ne wa amogela madi go tswa kwa ba ba tshwaraganetseng Valco, ka kemo nokeng ya banka ya theko le thekiso ya kwa United States. le fa go ntse jalo, Valco ga e a beeletsa ntle le go batla ditsholofetso mo pusong ya Ghana, di tshwana le go sa duele lekgetho ga kompone eo le go reka motlakase ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa tlase. Madi a a dirisetsweng mo porojekeng a akanyediwa a ka nna didkadike di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a matlhano le borobabobedi jwa di dolara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kago ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo Dam is spilling water, Ghana.JPG|left|thumb|Letamo la Aksombo le butswe ditsela tse di tshololang metsi]]
Ka Motsheganong 1960, puso ya Ghana e ne ya re dikompone di supe kgatlhego mo kagong ya letamo le la motlakase. Ka ngwaga wa 1961, kompone ya kwa Italy ya Imprelifo e e neng e sa tswa go fetsa letamo la Kariba, e ne ya fenya konteraka. Ka ngwaga wa 1961, Volta River Authority e ne ya tlhamiwa ke palamente ya Ghana ka go fetisa molao wa tlhabololo noka ya Volta. Lekgotla le, le ne le bereka ka maloko a lekgotla la bookamedi a le marataro, Nkrumah e le modulasetilo wa lone. Tiro e tona ya VRA e ne e le go okamela tlhabololo ya kgampu ya noka ya Volta, e e neng e akaretsa kago le go okamela letamo, go fetlha motlakase le mafaratlhatlha a go isa motlakase. VRA  e okametse lekadiba le le dirilweng ke letamo, go tshwara ditlhapi mo lekadibeng, go tsamaya ka dikepe kgotsa mekoro mo go lone, ditlhaeletsanyo, le go nna sentle ga ba ba dikologileng lekadiba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Letamo le agilwe ka dingwaga tsa 1961 go tsena 1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kago ya lone e ne e diriwa ke puso ya Ghana, ka thuso ya 25% ya madi go tswa kwa bankeng ya mafatshefatshe ya kago le ditlhabololo kwa World Bank, [[USA|United States]] le [[United Kingdom]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20030120203142/http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Rivers/riversetc.html &quot;Commonwealth Education&quot;.] Archived from [http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Rivers/riversetc.html the original] on 1 February 2002. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Impreligo e ne ya gopa metsi kwa moalong wa noka le go ntsha metsi mo meseleng, ya fetsa letamo kgwedi pele ga nako e e neng e beilwe le ntswa go nnile le morwalela wa noka ya Volta k 1963 mo go neng ga diya tiro ka dikgwedi di feta tharo. Ka ngwaga wa 1961 go stena 1966, babereki ba le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ba Impreligo ba ne ba tlhokafala ka nako ya kago ya letamo. Go beilwe difikantswe kwa Akosombo le kereke ya St Barbara Catholic e le segopotso sa bone.

Kago ya letamo la Akosombo e ne ya baka morwalela kwa kgampung ya noka ya Volta le masimo a yone, le go dira lekadiba la Volta le le apesang 3.6% wa lefatshe lotlhe la Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lekadiba la Volta le tlhamilwe ka dingwag tsa 1962 go tsena 1966 la gwetlha phuduso ya batho ba le dikete di le masome  arobabobedi, ba ba neng ba emetse 1% wa batho botlhe ba lefatshe leo.&lt;ref&gt;Matthew Davis (30 May 2003). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2947420.stm &quot;Eyewitness: Waking up to water crisis&quot;.] BBC.&lt;/ref&gt; Batho ba metse e le makgolo a supa ba ne ba fudusiwa go isiwa kwa metsing e le masome a  matlhano le bobedi dingwaga di le pedi pele ga letamo le fediwa; lenaneo la phuduso le ne le le mo ketelelong pele ya VRA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Iain; [[:en:Ola_Uduku|Uduku, Ola]]; Addo, Irene Appeaning; Opong, Rexford Assasie (19 May 2019). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389 &quot;The Volta River Project: planning, housing and resettlement in Ghana, 1950–1965]&quot;. ''The Journal of Architecture''. '''24''' (4): 512–548. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389 10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1360-2365 1360-2365.]&lt;/ref&gt; 2% wa batho ba ba fudusitsweng e ne e le batshwara ditlhapi, bontsi e le balemi barui.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Kgaolo e e kwa botlhaba jwa Ghana le batho ba ba tsentsweng mo dikgaolong tseoke bone ba ba neng ba amilwe thata ke ditlamorago tsa porojeke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Suave, N., A. Dzokoto, B. Opare et al. 2002. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11917246/ ''The price of development: HIV infection in a semiurban community of Ghana''.] Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes [JAIDS] 20(4): 402–408.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go fetlha motlakase ==
[[Setshwantsho:1 Ghana Cedi.png|left|thumb|Letamo la Akosombo kwa morago ga madi a cedi e le nngwe ya 2007]]
Letamo le isa motlakase kwa Ghana le mafatshe a bophirima jwa Aforika a a mabapi jaaka a Togo le Benin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Pele 20% ya motlakase wa letamo la Akosombo o ne o neelwa banni ba Ghana, 80% o neelwa Valco. Puso ya Ghana e ne ya gwetlhega ka konteraka go duelela 50% ya tlhwatlhwa ya kago ya Akosombo, mme lefatshe le ne le letlelelwa 20% fela wa motlakase o o fetlhiwang. Baakgedi bangwe ba tshwenyegile ka gore se ke sekai sa kgatelelo ya lefatshe mo go le lengwe. Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, motlakase o o tswang mo pitseng ya Valco o ile tlase go letla seelo se se kwa Akosombo go dirisiwa go fitlhelela letlhoko la mo gae.&lt;ref&gt;Kwame Okoampa-Ahoofe (28 August 2007). [https://thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?section=11&amp;newsid=4580 &quot;NPP cuts sod for Bui Dam&quot;.] Statesman online. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Pele, kgonagalo ya go fetlha motlakase e ne e feta letlhoko go menagane; fa letlhoko fa e sale letamo le simologa le bakile go oketsega gabedi ga motlakase o o fetlhiwang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. [http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf ''Competition for water resources of the Volta basin''.] Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.&lt;/ref&gt; Go atologa ga madirelo le itsholelo ya Ghana go ne ga baka letlhoko le le kwa godimo la motlakase, go feta selekanyo se se ka kgongwang ke pitsa ya Akosombo. Ka ngwaga wa 1981, letangwana le ne la agiwa kwa Kpong, kwa tlase ga Akosombo, tlhabololo ya Aksombo e ne ya tlhokega go tshegetsa motlakase o o fetlhiwang koo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Go oketsega ga batho ba ba tlhokang motlakase go ne go feta o o ka ntshiwang ke kago e e teng. Letlhoko la motlakase, ga mmogo le diemo tse di sa solofelwang, di bakile go simololwa ga mananeo a kgaolo motlakase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. [http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf ''Competition for water resources of the Volta basin''.] Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.&lt;/ref&gt; Seelo se se kwa tlase sa makadiba se itemogetswe, ka dinako tse dingwe a le kwa tlase ga seelo se se tlhokafalang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2007, matshwenyego a ne a nna teng ka go fetlhiwa ga motlakase kwa letamong ka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa tlase sa metsi kwa lekadibeng ya Volta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ka sephatlo sa bofelo sa ngwaga wa 2007, matshwenyego a, a ne a tokafala fa pula e na ka bontsi kwa lefelong la noka ya Volta.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=129773 &quot;Flood destroys farmlands in Bongo District&quot;]. 29 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2010, go ne ga gatisiwa seelo se se kwa godimo go gaisa se se kileng sa gatisiwa pele kwa letamong leo. Se se ne sa gwetlha go bulwa ga dikgoro tsa morwalela kwa seelong sa lekadiba sa dimithara di le masome a robabobedi le bone dibeke di le mmalwa, metsi a ne a tshololwa mo lekadibeng, mo go neng ga baka morwalela kwa tlase.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/artikel.php?ID=198319 &quot;VRA ends spillage from Volta Dam&quot;]. GhanaWeb. 30 November 2001. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditlamorago ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo Dam hydroelectric plant.jpg|left|thumb|Se fetlha motlakase mo lekadibeng la Volta]]
Letamo la Akosombo le boetswe ke ditirelo tsa madirelo le itsholelo mo go simolodiseng mekoro mo lekadibeng, koketsego ya go tshwara ditlhapi, ditirelo tse disha tsa temothuo mo lotshitshing, ga mmog le bojanala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Tikologo ya ditshedi ===
[[Setshwantsho:Volta lake.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa lekadiba la Volta fa le lebilwe kwa godimo]]
Morago ga kago ya letamo, go nnile le kwelo tlase ya dipoelo tsa temothuo gaufi le lekadiba le dinoka tsa di amanng le lone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Lefatshe le le dikaganyeditseng lekadiba la Volta ga le a nona jaaka lefatshe la pele le le neng le tlhagotswe mme jaanong le le kwa tlase ga lekadiba, ditiro tse di masetla tsa temothuo di feditse mmu o o neng o ntse o sa lekana. 

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Letamo la Akosombo #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
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      <text bytes="24851" sha1="19zw1gwn9n5q6rgvajm3ojfo2g9cu63" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Akosombo''', le le itsegeng gape ka leina la '''letamo la Volta''', ke letamo le go fetlhiwang motlakase mo go lone kwa [[Noka ya Volta|nokeng ya Volta]] kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Ghana]] kwa mokgatsheng wa Akosombo le bontlha jwa Volta River Authority.&lt;ref&gt;Mensah-Ayettey, Eric (17 May 2021). [https://www.myjoyonline.com/akosombo-dam-could-serve-ghana-for-another-50-years-if-well-maintained-kweku-awotwi/ &quot;Akosombo Dam could serve Ghana for another 50 years if well maintained – Kweku Awotwi&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; Kago ya letamo e ne ya baka morwalela kwa bontlheng jwa kgampu ya [[noka ya Volta]] se sa baka [[lekadiba la Volta]]. Lekadiba la Volta ke lone lekadiba le letona le le iteretsweng mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano le bobedi, mo e leng 3.6% wa lefatshe la Ghana, se se le dira lekadiba le le itiretsweng le letona go fetisa a mangwe otlhe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-man-made-lakes-in-the-world.html &quot;The Largest Human-Made Lakes In The World&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka seelo sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le borobabobedi, lekadiba la Volta ke la boraro ka seelo le le itiretsweng o lefatsheng lotlhe; le letona go a fetisa otlhe ke [[lekadiba la Kariba]] le le tshwarang metsi a dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le botlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Fobil, J.N., D.K. Attaquayefio, and Volta Basin Research Project [VBRP]. 2003. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20061231122711/http://www.solutions-site.org/artman/publish/article_53.shtml Remediation of the environmental impacts of the Akosombo and Kpong dams]''. HORIZON Solutions Site: Public Health. Yale University Department of Biology: HORIZON International.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tirisokgolo ya letamo la Akosombo e ne e le go fetlhela madirelo a aluminiamo motlakase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Zakhary, K. 1997. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040827193052/http://www.med.mcgill.ca/mjm/v03n02/v03p093/v03p093.pdf ''Factors affecting the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Volta region of Ghana''.] McGill Journal of Medicine 3: 93–101.&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo la Akosombo le ne le bidiwa peletso e tona go fetisa tse dingwe mo tlhabololong ya Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php &quot;History of Akosombo dam&quot;]. Ghana Home Page. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110516134942/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php Archived] from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le mosola mo go direleng mafatshe a [[Togo]] le [[Benin]] motlakase, le ntswa kago ya letamo la Adjarala (kwa nokeng e e nosi ya Togo) go solofetsa go fokotsa go ikaega ka motlakase o o rekilweng ga mafatshe a.&lt;ref&gt;Europa Publications (2014). ''Africa South of the Sahara 2014''. [[:en:Routledge|Routledge]]. p. 112. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781857436983|&lt;bdi&gt;9781857436983&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le pele le ne le ntsha motlakase wa dimegawatts di le makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bobedi, o o neng wa tokafadiwa go nna dimegawatts di le seke le masome a mabedi mo porojekeng e e feditsweng ka 2006.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070808064226/http://www.vra.com/Power/retrofit.html &quot;Akosombo Hydro Power Plant Retrofit&quot;.] Volta River Authority. Archived from [http://www.vra.com/Power/retrofit.html the original] on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Morwalela o o neng wa baka lekadiba la Volta o ne wa baka phudugo ya batho ba le bantsi gape o ne wa nna le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo tikologong,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Gyau-Boakye, P. 2001. ''[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1011402116047 Environmental impacts of the akosombo dam and effects of climate change on the lake levels]''. Environment, Development and Sustainability 3(1): 17–29.&lt;/ref&gt; di akaretsa tiragalo e e bakileng kgothego ya lotshitshi;phetogo mo motsamaong wa metsi e bakile diphetogo mo seemong sa loapi ka pula e e sa neng ka bontsi  le bothito jo bo kwa godimo. Mmu o o dikaganyeditseng lekadiba ga o a nona jaaka o o kwa tlase ga lone, tiriso ya tsa temothuo e tlhoka tiriso ya dinontshane, mo go bakileng gore di kgobokane golo go le gongwe mo lekadibeng, mo go bakileng,mo go tse dingwe go gola thata ga mohero o o dirang gore go tsamaya mo metsing go nne thata, gape go bakile malwetsi a metsi a tshwana le bilharzia, bofofu jwa noka le malaria. Go batlela ba ba fudusitsweng magae a masha go ne go le thata, dinako tse dingwe go sa kgonege gotlhelele; go lema ga tlwaelo go ne ga nyelela lehuma la oketsega.

== Moalo ==
Letamo le simolotswe ka 1915 ke moitseanape wa majwe Albert Kitson, mme ga goa ke ga diriwa maano ape go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa 1940.&lt;ref&gt;[https://1library.net/document/q042d0gz-guide-to-electric-power-in-ghana.html &quot;Guide to Electric Power in Ghana&quot;.] ''1Library.net''. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Okoampa-Ahoofe, Kwame (16 July 2009). [https://thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=8696&amp;section=1 &quot;The False Ghanaian History of Paa Kwesi Nduom&quot;.] ''The Statesman''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110930095101/http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=8696&amp;section=1 Archived] from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Go tlhamiwa ga kgampu ya noka ya Volta go akanyeditswe ka 1949, mme ka madi a ne a sa lekana, kompone ya America ya Volta Aluminum Company e ne ya adimisa lefatshe la Ghana madi gore letamo le kgone go agiwa. Tautona Kwame Nkrumah o ne a tsaya porojeke ya go fetlha motlakase kwa nokeng ya Volta ya nna mo bookameding jwa gagwe,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; a thapa motshwantshi wa kwa Australia Keneth Scott go mo direla lefelo la bonno kwa a kgonang go lebelela letamo teng.&lt;ref&gt;Aidoo, Kwame (9 March 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241201192820/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/ghanas-most-impressive-buildings &quot;Ghana's Most Impressive Buildings&quot;.] ''Culture Trip''. Archived from [https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/ghanas-most-impressive-buildings the original] on 1 December 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Letamo le boleele jwa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a marataro, le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le lekgolo, lesome le bone, le na le letangwana le le agilweng ka majwe. Kwa tlase le bophara jwa dimithara di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mararo le borataro le selekanyo sa didkadike di supa, dikete di le makgoloa  robabongwe. Lekadiba le le dirilweng ke letamo la Volta, le na le selekanyo sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le borobabobedi le bophara jwa dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano le bobedi ka boleele. Seelo sa lekadiba le tletse ke dimithara di le masome a robabobedi le bone, mme fa le sa tlala le na le seelo sa masome a supa le boraro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[http://www.vra.com/our_mandate/akosombo_hydro_plant.php &quot;Akosombo Hydro Power Plant&quot;.] Volta River Authority. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131213155156/http://www.vra.com/our_mandate/akosombo_hydro_plant.php Archived] from the original on 21 April 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa botlhaba jwa letamo ke ditselana tse di tshololang metsi a dimithara di le dikete di le masome a mararo le bone. Tselana nngwe le nngwe e na le dikgoro di le thataro tse di bophara jwa dimithara di le lesome le motso, le boleele jwa dimithara di le lesome le boraro.&lt;ref&gt;[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:ickZ1oH93YYJ:www.vra.com/Publications/akobrochure.pdf+akosombo+dam+spillway+cubic+meters&amp;hl=en&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESi6Tt-YHv0BX-4PMqnu2nC0uYqIClyDQ-5-vhlPSHDUkYLu8cqzSpSSdP6uXXtdVZkBtnPOM2GoZgw27GSiZZ00AjSMIc05vo-LUR_Vr2ZkfWlk-FR5am1TPlo0cZmqbM742KjQ&amp;sig=AHIEtbS-Hu03H0CR92EIB0LFfiCpOMQGrQ &quot;Akosombo Dam Brochure&quot;]. Volta River Authority. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:YrnEXgzACScJ:www2.alterra.wur.nl/Internet/webdocs/ilri-publicaties/publicaties/Pub45v2/pub45v2-h3.pdf+akosombo+dam+spillway+m3+second&amp;hl=en&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESg7nsHhRD-TQ6aq7Stoy2tdE5OnQWmWiE6gfN-T12Ps-EwstJdTqHcB250hKvAmmPDqKeyRPlbVbggFDecQxToMDyGfSLxk0qkknuspVaT6134fVziWxcOvQCwaS0mbmW1e1P6H&amp;sig=AHIEtbQB-r5WNRxae8QFaHJQrYHb4m_l2A &quot;Annex 3&quot;.] Alterra. p. 46. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Madirelo a motlakase a letamo le a na le difetlhamotlakase tsa dimegawatts di le lekgolo le bosupa, di le thataro. Lefatlhamotlakase lengwe le lengwe le tshelwa metsi ka diphaepe tsa di mithara di le lekgolo, lesome le bobedi ka boleele, le bophara jwa dimithara di le supa le bobedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Moalo wa bofelo o ne o supa kago ya go nyerolosa aluminamo kwa Tema, letamo le agilwe kwa Akosombo go direla motshine o o nyerolosang motlakase, le mafaratlhatlha a megala ya motlakase a tsentswe kwa borwa jwa Ghana. Motshine o o nyerolosang aluminiamo o ne o solofetswe go ntsha dipoelo tse di tlhokafalang go ka tlhama meepo ya bauxite, mo go tlaa letlang go dira alominiamo kwa ntle le go reka alumina. Go tlhamiwa ga madirelo a alominiamo mo Ghana go ne go ikaegile ka motlakase wa metsi o o neng o akantswe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Motshine o o nyerolosang alominiamo o ne o tlhokometswe ke kompone ya kwa America ya Kaiser Aluminum, o dirisiwa ke valco. Motshine o, o ne wa amogela madi go tswa kwa ba ba tshwaraganetseng Valco, ka kemo nokeng ya banka ya theko le thekiso ya kwa United States. le fa go ntse jalo, Valco ga e a beeletsa ntle le go batla ditsholofetso mo pusong ya Ghana, di tshwana le go sa duele lekgetho ga kompone eo le go reka motlakase ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa tlase. Madi a a dirisetsweng mo porojekeng a akanyediwa a ka nna didkadike di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a matlhano le borobabobedi jwa di dolara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kago ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo Dam is spilling water, Ghana.JPG|left|thumb|Letamo la Aksombo le butswe ditsela tse di tshololang metsi]]
Ka Motsheganong 1960, puso ya Ghana e ne ya re dikompone di supe kgatlhego mo kagong ya letamo le la motlakase. Ka ngwaga wa 1961, kompone ya kwa Italy ya Imprelifo e e neng e sa tswa go fetsa letamo la Kariba, e ne ya fenya konteraka. Ka ngwaga wa 1961, Volta River Authority e ne ya tlhamiwa ke palamente ya Ghana ka go fetisa molao wa tlhabololo noka ya Volta. Lekgotla le, le ne le bereka ka maloko a lekgotla la bookamedi a le marataro, Nkrumah e le modulasetilo wa lone. Tiro e tona ya VRA e ne e le go okamela tlhabololo ya kgampu ya noka ya Volta, e e neng e akaretsa kago le go okamela letamo, go fetlha motlakase le mafaratlhatlha a go isa motlakase. VRA  e okametse lekadiba le le dirilweng ke letamo, go tshwara ditlhapi mo lekadibeng, go tsamaya ka dikepe kgotsa mekoro mo go lone, ditlhaeletsanyo, le go nna sentle ga ba ba dikologileng lekadiba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Letamo le agilwe ka dingwaga tsa 1961 go tsena 1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kago ya lone e ne e diriwa ke puso ya Ghana, ka thuso ya 25% ya madi go tswa kwa bankeng ya mafatshefatshe ya kago le ditlhabololo kwa World Bank, [[USA|United States]] le [[United Kingdom]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20030120203142/http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Rivers/riversetc.html &quot;Commonwealth Education&quot;.] Archived from [http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Rivers/riversetc.html the original] on 1 February 2002. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Impreligo e ne ya gopa metsi kwa moalong wa noka le go ntsha metsi mo meseleng, ya fetsa letamo kgwedi pele ga nako e e neng e beilwe le ntswa go nnile le morwalela wa noka ya Volta k 1963 mo go neng ga diya tiro ka dikgwedi di feta tharo. Ka ngwaga wa 1961 go stena 1966, babereki ba le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ba Impreligo ba ne ba tlhokafala ka nako ya kago ya letamo. Go beilwe difikantswe kwa Akosombo le kereke ya St Barbara Catholic e le segopotso sa bone.

Kago ya letamo la Akosombo e ne ya baka morwalela kwa kgampung ya noka ya Volta le masimo a yone, le go dira lekadiba la Volta le le apesang 3.6% wa lefatshe lotlhe la Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lekadiba la Volta le tlhamilwe ka dingwag tsa 1962 go tsena 1966 la gwetlha phuduso ya batho ba le dikete di le masome  arobabobedi, ba ba neng ba emetse 1% wa batho botlhe ba lefatshe leo.&lt;ref&gt;Matthew Davis (30 May 2003). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2947420.stm &quot;Eyewitness: Waking up to water crisis&quot;.] BBC.&lt;/ref&gt; Batho ba metse e le makgolo a supa ba ne ba fudusiwa go isiwa kwa metsing e le masome a  matlhano le bobedi dingwaga di le pedi pele ga letamo le fediwa; lenaneo la phuduso le ne le le mo ketelelong pele ya VRA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Iain; [[:en:Ola_Uduku|Uduku, Ola]]; Addo, Irene Appeaning; Opong, Rexford Assasie (19 May 2019). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389 &quot;The Volta River Project: planning, housing and resettlement in Ghana, 1950–1965]&quot;. ''The Journal of Architecture''. '''24''' (4): 512–548. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389 10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1360-2365 1360-2365.]&lt;/ref&gt; 2% wa batho ba ba fudusitsweng e ne e le batshwara ditlhapi, bontsi e le balemi barui.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Kgaolo e e kwa botlhaba jwa Ghana le batho ba ba tsentsweng mo dikgaolong tseoke bone ba ba neng ba amilwe thata ke ditlamorago tsa porojeke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Suave, N., A. Dzokoto, B. Opare et al. 2002. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11917246/ ''The price of development: HIV infection in a semiurban community of Ghana''.] Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes [JAIDS] 20(4): 402–408.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go fetlha motlakase ==
[[Setshwantsho:1 Ghana Cedi.png|left|thumb|Letamo la Akosombo kwa morago ga madi a cedi e le nngwe ya 2007]]
Letamo le isa motlakase kwa Ghana le mafatshe a bophirima jwa Aforika a a mabapi jaaka a Togo le Benin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Pele 20% ya motlakase wa letamo la Akosombo o ne o neelwa banni ba Ghana, 80% o neelwa Valco. Puso ya Ghana e ne ya gwetlhega ka konteraka go duelela 50% ya tlhwatlhwa ya kago ya Akosombo, mme lefatshe le ne le letlelelwa 20% fela wa motlakase o o fetlhiwang. Baakgedi bangwe ba tshwenyegile ka gore se ke sekai sa kgatelelo ya lefatshe mo go le lengwe. Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, motlakase o o tswang mo pitseng ya Valco o ile tlase go letla seelo se se kwa Akosombo go dirisiwa go fitlhelela letlhoko la mo gae.&lt;ref&gt;Kwame Okoampa-Ahoofe (28 August 2007). [https://thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?section=11&amp;newsid=4580 &quot;NPP cuts sod for Bui Dam&quot;.] Statesman online. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Pele, kgonagalo ya go fetlha motlakase e ne e feta letlhoko go menagane; fa letlhoko fa e sale letamo le simologa le bakile go oketsega gabedi ga motlakase o o fetlhiwang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. [http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf ''Competition for water resources of the Volta basin''.] Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.&lt;/ref&gt; Go atologa ga madirelo le itsholelo ya Ghana go ne ga baka letlhoko le le kwa godimo la motlakase, go feta selekanyo se se ka kgongwang ke pitsa ya Akosombo. Ka ngwaga wa 1981, letangwana le ne la agiwa kwa Kpong, kwa tlase ga Akosombo, tlhabololo ya Aksombo e ne ya tlhokega go tshegetsa motlakase o o fetlhiwang koo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Go oketsega ga batho ba ba tlhokang motlakase go ne go feta o o ka ntshiwang ke kago e e teng. Letlhoko la motlakase, ga mmogo le diemo tse di sa solofelwang, di bakile go simololwa ga mananeo a kgaolo motlakase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. [http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf ''Competition for water resources of the Volta basin''.] Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.&lt;/ref&gt; Seelo se se kwa tlase sa makadiba se itemogetswe, ka dinako tse dingwe a le kwa tlase ga seelo se se tlhokafalang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2007, matshwenyego a ne a nna teng ka go fetlhiwa ga motlakase kwa letamong ka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa tlase sa metsi kwa lekadibeng ya Volta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ka sephatlo sa bofelo sa ngwaga wa 2007, matshwenyego a, a ne a tokafala fa pula e na ka bontsi kwa lefelong la noka ya Volta.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=129773 &quot;Flood destroys farmlands in Bongo District&quot;]. 29 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2010, go ne ga gatisiwa seelo se se kwa godimo go gaisa se se kileng sa gatisiwa pele kwa letamong leo. Se se ne sa gwetlha go bulwa ga dikgoro tsa morwalela kwa seelong sa lekadiba sa dimithara di le masome a robabobedi le bone dibeke di le mmalwa, metsi a ne a tshololwa mo lekadibeng, mo go neng ga baka morwalela kwa tlase.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/artikel.php?ID=198319 &quot;VRA ends spillage from Volta Dam&quot;]. GhanaWeb. 30 November 2001. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditlamorago ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo Dam hydroelectric plant.jpg|left|thumb|Se fetlha motlakase mo lekadibeng la Volta]]
Letamo la Akosombo le boetswe ke ditirelo tsa madirelo le itsholelo mo go simolodiseng mekoro mo lekadibeng, koketsego ya go tshwara ditlhapi, ditirelo tse disha tsa temothuo mo lotshitshing, ga mmog le bojanala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Tikologo ya ditshedi ===
[[Setshwantsho:Volta lake.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa lekadiba la Volta fa le lebilwe kwa godimo]]
Morago ga kago ya letamo, go nnile le kwelo tlase ya dipoelo tsa temothuo gaufi le lekadiba le dinoka tsa di amanng le lone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Lefatshe le le dikaganyeditseng lekadiba la Volta ga le a nona jaaka lefatshe la pele le le neng le tlhagotswe mme jaanong le le kwa tlase ga lekadiba, ditiro tse di masetla tsa temothuo di feditse mmu o o neng o ntse o sa lekana. Mafaratlhatlha a tsa temothuo a latlhegelwa ke mmu o o nonneng ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go nna teng ga merwalela ya gangwe le gape e e eneng e tsisa menontshane mo mmung pele ga go elela ga metsi ga tlhogelo go emisiwa ke letamo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. [http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf ''Competition for water resources of the Volta basin''.] Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.&lt;/ref&gt; Go gola ga temothuo ya thekiso go dirile gore menontshane e elelele mo nokeng. Se, ga mmogo le leswe la dikgomo le kgotlhelesego ya metsi a a leswe, go bakile go kgobokana ga menontshane mo metsing a noka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go nna gontsi ga menontshane, le go tlhoka go elela thata ga metsi, go bakile go gola thata ga mehero. Mehero e, e bakile bothata mo go tsamaeng mo metsing le dipalamo tsa metsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

=== Pabalesego ya batho ===
Go nna teng ga mohero mo lotshitshing lwa lekadiba le mo dinokeng tse di tshelang mo go lone go bakile mathata a mantsi mo botsogong jwa batho. Mohero o dira gore go nne le ntshi e ntsho, monang le dikgopa, tse di bakang malwetsi a metsi a tshwana le bilharzia, bofofu jwa metsi le malaria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Fa e sale letamo le agiwa, malwetsi a,a a oketsegile thata. Metse e batho ba fuduseditsweng kwa go yone e supile koketsego ya malwetsi fa e sale go simololwa lekadiba la Volta, kgonagalo ya go amiwa ke bolwetse ya motse e tsamaelana le gore motse o o o gaufi go le kae le lekadiba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Bana le batshwara ditlhapii segolo jang ba amilwe thata ke go oketsega ga malwetsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Fa godimo ga foo, go amega ga bonno mo metsing go bakile kwelo tlase ya ditlhapi tsa shrimp le clam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Botsogo jwa batho ba magae bo nyeleditswe ke go tlhoka ditlhapi tse, ka di ne di ntsha motswedi wa poroteini e e tlhokegang mo dijong. Ka mo go tshwanang, itsholelo ya magae le madirelo e itemogetse kwelo tlase ka ntlha ya go ya tlase ga temothuo e e amanang le metsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; 

Go oketsega ga phudugo ya batho mo lefelong le go bakiwa ke lehuma le mafelo a a sa nnang sentle a ba fuduseditsweng mo go one.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Phudugo e e okeditse kanamo ya mogare wa HIV kwa ditshabeng tsa kgampu ya Volta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Dikgaolo tsa Manya Krobo le Yilo Krobo, tse di mo kgaolong e e kwa borwa bophirima jwa kgampu ya Volta, ke ditshaba tsa koo di na le kanamo e e kwa godimo ya HIV,&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; se se supa ka fa diemo di amileng dikgaolo tse ka teng. Thekiso ya mmele e ne ya golela pele e le go tsibogela dikete tsa babereki ba borre ba ba neng ba le mo lefelong leo go aga letamo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Lesome mo lekgolong la batho ba bomme ba dingwaga tsa pelegi go tswa mo dikgaolong tse pedi tse ba fudugetse kwa ntle ga dikgaolo ka nako eo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1986, 90% ya batswasetlhabelo ba AIDA kwa Ghana e ne e le bomme, 96% ya bone ba ne ba sa tswa go nna kwa ntle ga lefatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== Tsa itsholelo ===
Tatlhegelo ya lefatshe ga batho ba ba dikete di le masome a robabobedi ba ba neng ba fudusitswe ka dikgoka go ne go raya tatlhegelo ya ditirelo tsa bone tsa itsholelo tsa go tshwara ditlhapi le temothuo, tatlhegelo ya mabitla a malwpaa a bone, tatlhegelo ya go itshetlela ga setshaba, le tatlhegelo ya ditshetlana tsa botshelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Lenaneno la phuduso le ne le supa dikgwetlho tse di tlang le go tlhama ditshaba tse di tshwaraganeng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go tlhoka go rulaganya sentle go ne ga baka phuduso ya ditshaba go ya mafelong a a  sa tsamaelaneng le botshelo jwa bone jwa pele le ngwao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Tatlhegelo ya mmu o o nonneng kwa tlase ga lekadiba la Volta go ne ga ama ditsela tsa temo tsa ngwao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Diemo tse di kwa tlase tsa botshelo tse di neng di le kwa metseng e ba neng ba fuduseditswe kwa go yone di supagala mo phokotsegong ya palo ya batho fa e sale ba fudusiwa. Motse mongwe o batho ba neng ba fuduseditswe kwa go one o ne wa itemogela kwalo tlase ya palo ya batho ka 50% mo dingwageng tse di masome mabedi le boraro morago ga phuduso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go ya kwa godimo ga borai jwa itsholelo le maitemogelo a lehuma di amanngwa le metse e e amilweng thata ke tlhabololo ya noka ya Volta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Phudugo ya batho le go ya tlase ga ditsa tlholego kwa kgampung ya Volta go bakile lehuma le le amangwang le kgatelelo mo bathong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Tikologo ===
Go supilwe ga fo na le thoromo tsa lefatshe kwa lekadibeng la Volta ka ntlha ya gore metsi a mantsi mo lekadibeng a imela lefatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go na le phudugo ya molomo wa noka go ya botlhaba ka ntlha ya diphetogo tse di dirilweng mo molomongwa noka, se se bakile kgothego e e tsweletseng ya lotshitshi. Diphetogo mo metsing a noka di fetotse bothitho mo go bakileng diphetogo tsa seemo sa loapi jaaka go fokotsega ga pula le bothitho jo bo kwa godimo kgwedi le kgwedi. Ditlamorago tse tsotlhe tsa tikologo di dira dikgoreletsego mo ditirelong tsa itsholelo le seemo sa botshelo jwa batho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Patlsiiso ka basekaseki ba mafatshefatshe e ne ya supa fa letamo le nnile le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo kgothegong ya lotshitshi lwa sekganedi se se farologanyang Keta Lagoon le lewatle. Dr. Isaac Boateng o baleletse phokotso ya seretse go tswa kwa didkadikeng di le masome a supa le motso ka ngwaga wa go nna didikadike di supa fela ka ngwaga.&lt;ref&gt;Boateng, Isaac (2010). ''Spatial Planning in Coastal Regions: Facing the Impact of Climate Change''. Copenhagen: International Federation of Surveyors.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go tshologa ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo dam spilling water.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Akosombo le tsholola metsi]]
Go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 2023, la bofelo batho ba ba nnang fa letamong la Akosombo ba itemogela morwalela ka ntlha ya go tlhatsa mo go laolwang ga letamo ke ka ngwaga wa 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/volta-floods-will-the-spillage-end-soon/ &quot;Volta floods: Will the spillage end soon? - MyJoyOnline&quot;.] ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Lwetse a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2023, lekgotla la bookamedi jwa noka ya Volta le ne la simolodisa go tsholola metsi mo go laolwang mo letamong la Akosombo le Kpong kwa kgaolong e e kwa botlhaba. Go tsholola mo go laolwang mo go ne ga baka morwalela kwa metseng e e kwa kgampung ya Volta mo go neng ga kgoreletsa motlakase. Batswa setlhabelo ba le bantsi ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke dithoto le matshelo ka ntlha ya merwalela e.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;GTonline (13 October 2023). [https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/akosombo-dam-spillage-7-districts-hit-by-floods-farmlands-houses-other-properties-affected-in-greater-accra-eastern-volta-regions/ &quot;Akosombo Dam spillage: 7 districts hit by floods …farmlands, houses, other properties affected in Greater Accra, Eastern, Volta regions&quot;.] ''Ghanaian Times''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Ditatlhegelo di ne di akaretsa masimo, matlo le dithoto tse di neng di sentswe ke merwalela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="24980" sha1="8txmd50lsjit795mdu1qo90mdtn0qcs" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Akosombo''', le le itsegeng gape ka leina la '''letamo la Volta''', ke letamo le go fetlhiwang motlakase mo go lone kwa [[Noka ya Volta|nokeng ya Volta]] kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Ghana]] kwa mokgatsheng wa Akosombo le bontlha jwa Volta River Authority.&lt;ref&gt;Mensah-Ayettey, Eric (17 May 2021). [https://www.myjoyonline.com/akosombo-dam-could-serve-ghana-for-another-50-years-if-well-maintained-kweku-awotwi/ &quot;Akosombo Dam could serve Ghana for another 50 years if well maintained – Kweku Awotwi&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; Kago ya letamo e ne ya baka morwalela kwa bontlheng jwa kgampu ya [[noka ya Volta]] se sa baka [[lekadiba la Volta]]. Lekadiba la Volta ke lone lekadiba le letona le le iteretsweng mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano le bobedi, mo e leng 3.6% wa lefatshe la Ghana, se se le dira lekadiba le le itiretsweng le letona go fetisa a mangwe otlhe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-man-made-lakes-in-the-world.html &quot;The Largest Human-Made Lakes In The World&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka seelo sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le borobabobedi, lekadiba la Volta ke la boraro ka seelo le le itiretsweng o lefatsheng lotlhe; le letona go a fetisa otlhe ke [[lekadiba la Kariba]] le le tshwarang metsi a dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le botlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Fobil, J.N., D.K. Attaquayefio, and Volta Basin Research Project [VBRP]. 2003. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20061231122711/http://www.solutions-site.org/artman/publish/article_53.shtml Remediation of the environmental impacts of the Akosombo and Kpong dams]''. HORIZON Solutions Site: Public Health. Yale University Department of Biology: HORIZON International.&lt;/ref&gt;

Tirisokgolo ya letamo la Akosombo e ne e le go fetlhela madirelo a aluminiamo motlakase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Zakhary, K. 1997. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040827193052/http://www.med.mcgill.ca/mjm/v03n02/v03p093/v03p093.pdf ''Factors affecting the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Volta region of Ghana''.] McGill Journal of Medicine 3: 93–101.&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo la Akosombo le ne le bidiwa peletso e tona go fetisa tse dingwe mo tlhabololong ya Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php &quot;History of Akosombo dam&quot;]. Ghana Home Page. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110516134942/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/akosombo_dam.php Archived] from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le mosola mo go direleng mafatshe a [[Togo]] le [[Benin]] motlakase, le ntswa kago ya letamo la Adjarala (kwa nokeng e e nosi ya Togo) go solofetsa go fokotsa go ikaega ka motlakase o o rekilweng ga mafatshe a.&lt;ref&gt;Europa Publications (2014). ''Africa South of the Sahara 2014''. [[:en:Routledge|Routledge]]. p. 112. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781857436983|&lt;bdi&gt;9781857436983&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le pele le ne le ntsha motlakase wa dimegawatts di le makgolo a robabongwe, lesome le bobedi, o o neng wa tokafadiwa go nna dimegawatts di le seke le masome a mabedi mo porojekeng e e feditsweng ka 2006.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070808064226/http://www.vra.com/Power/retrofit.html &quot;Akosombo Hydro Power Plant Retrofit&quot;.] Volta River Authority. Archived from [http://www.vra.com/Power/retrofit.html the original] on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Morwalela o o neng wa baka lekadiba la Volta o ne wa baka phudugo ya batho ba le bantsi gape o ne wa nna le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo tikologong,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Gyau-Boakye, P. 2001. ''[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1011402116047 Environmental impacts of the akosombo dam and effects of climate change on the lake levels]''. Environment, Development and Sustainability 3(1): 17–29.&lt;/ref&gt; di akaretsa tiragalo e e bakileng kgothego ya lotshitshi;phetogo mo motsamaong wa metsi e bakile diphetogo mo seemong sa loapi ka pula e e sa neng ka bontsi  le bothito jo bo kwa godimo. Mmu o o dikaganyeditseng lekadiba ga o a nona jaaka o o kwa tlase ga lone, tiriso ya tsa temothuo e tlhoka tiriso ya dinontshane, mo go bakileng gore di kgobokane golo go le gongwe mo lekadibeng, mo go bakileng,mo go tse dingwe go gola thata ga mohero o o dirang gore go tsamaya mo metsing go nne thata, gape go bakile malwetsi a metsi a tshwana le bilharzia, bofofu jwa noka le malaria. Go batlela ba ba fudusitsweng magae a masha go ne go le thata, dinako tse dingwe go sa kgonege gotlhelele; go lema ga tlwaelo go ne ga nyelela lehuma la oketsega.

== Moalo ==
Letamo le simolotswe ka 1915 ke moitseanape wa majwe Albert Kitson, mme ga goa ke ga diriwa maano ape go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa 1940.&lt;ref&gt;[https://1library.net/document/q042d0gz-guide-to-electric-power-in-ghana.html &quot;Guide to Electric Power in Ghana&quot;.] ''1Library.net''. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Okoampa-Ahoofe, Kwame (16 July 2009). [https://thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=8696&amp;section=1 &quot;The False Ghanaian History of Paa Kwesi Nduom&quot;.] ''The Statesman''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110930095101/http://www.thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?newsid=8696&amp;section=1 Archived] from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Go tlhamiwa ga kgampu ya noka ya Volta go akanyeditswe ka 1949, mme ka madi a ne a sa lekana, kompone ya America ya Volta Aluminum Company e ne ya adimisa lefatshe la Ghana madi gore letamo le kgone go agiwa. Tautona Kwame Nkrumah o ne a tsaya porojeke ya go fetlha motlakase kwa nokeng ya Volta ya nna mo bookameding jwa gagwe,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; a thapa motshwantshi wa kwa Australia Keneth Scott go mo direla lefelo la bonno kwa a kgonang go lebelela letamo teng.&lt;ref&gt;Aidoo, Kwame (9 March 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241201192820/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/ghanas-most-impressive-buildings &quot;Ghana's Most Impressive Buildings&quot;.] ''Culture Trip''. Archived from [https://theculturetrip.com/africa/ghana/articles/ghanas-most-impressive-buildings the original] on 1 December 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Letamo le boleele jwa dimithara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a marataro, le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le lekgolo, lesome le bone, le na le letangwana le le agilweng ka majwe. Kwa tlase le bophara jwa dimithara di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mararo le borataro le selekanyo sa didkadike di supa, dikete di le makgoloa  robabongwe. Lekadiba le le dirilweng ke letamo la Volta, le na le selekanyo sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le borobabobedi le bophara jwa dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano le bobedi ka boleele. Seelo sa lekadiba le tletse ke dimithara di le masome a robabobedi le bone, mme fa le sa tlala le na le seelo sa masome a supa le boraro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[http://www.vra.com/our_mandate/akosombo_hydro_plant.php &quot;Akosombo Hydro Power Plant&quot;.] Volta River Authority. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131213155156/http://www.vra.com/our_mandate/akosombo_hydro_plant.php Archived] from the original on 21 April 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa botlhaba jwa letamo ke ditselana tse di tshololang metsi a dimithara di le dikete di le masome a mararo le bone. Tselana nngwe le nngwe e na le dikgoro di le thataro tse di bophara jwa dimithara di le lesome le motso, le boleele jwa dimithara di le lesome le boraro.&lt;ref&gt;[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:ickZ1oH93YYJ:www.vra.com/Publications/akobrochure.pdf+akosombo+dam+spillway+cubic+meters&amp;hl=en&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESi6Tt-YHv0BX-4PMqnu2nC0uYqIClyDQ-5-vhlPSHDUkYLu8cqzSpSSdP6uXXtdVZkBtnPOM2GoZgw27GSiZZ00AjSMIc05vo-LUR_Vr2ZkfWlk-FR5am1TPlo0cZmqbM742KjQ&amp;sig=AHIEtbS-Hu03H0CR92EIB0LFfiCpOMQGrQ &quot;Akosombo Dam Brochure&quot;]. Volta River Authority. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:YrnEXgzACScJ:www2.alterra.wur.nl/Internet/webdocs/ilri-publicaties/publicaties/Pub45v2/pub45v2-h3.pdf+akosombo+dam+spillway+m3+second&amp;hl=en&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESg7nsHhRD-TQ6aq7Stoy2tdE5OnQWmWiE6gfN-T12Ps-EwstJdTqHcB250hKvAmmPDqKeyRPlbVbggFDecQxToMDyGfSLxk0qkknuspVaT6134fVziWxcOvQCwaS0mbmW1e1P6H&amp;sig=AHIEtbQB-r5WNRxae8QFaHJQrYHb4m_l2A &quot;Annex 3&quot;.] Alterra. p. 46. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Madirelo a motlakase a letamo le a na le difetlhamotlakase tsa dimegawatts di le lekgolo le bosupa, di le thataro. Lefatlhamotlakase lengwe le lengwe le tshelwa metsi ka diphaepe tsa di mithara di le lekgolo, lesome le bobedi ka boleele, le bophara jwa dimithara di le supa le bobedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Moalo wa bofelo o ne o supa kago ya go nyerolosa aluminamo kwa Tema, letamo le agilwe kwa Akosombo go direla motshine o o nyerolosang motlakase, le mafaratlhatlha a megala ya motlakase a tsentswe kwa borwa jwa Ghana. Motshine o o nyerolosang aluminiamo o ne o solofetswe go ntsha dipoelo tse di tlhokafalang go ka tlhama meepo ya bauxite, mo go tlaa letlang go dira alominiamo kwa ntle le go reka alumina. Go tlhamiwa ga madirelo a alominiamo mo Ghana go ne go ikaegile ka motlakase wa metsi o o neng o akantswe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Motshine o o nyerolosang alominiamo o ne o tlhokometswe ke kompone ya kwa America ya Kaiser Aluminum, o dirisiwa ke valco. Motshine o, o ne wa amogela madi go tswa kwa ba ba tshwaraganetseng Valco, ka kemo nokeng ya banka ya theko le thekiso ya kwa United States. le fa go ntse jalo, Valco ga e a beeletsa ntle le go batla ditsholofetso mo pusong ya Ghana, di tshwana le go sa duele lekgetho ga kompone eo le go reka motlakase ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa tlase. Madi a a dirisetsweng mo porojekeng a akanyediwa a ka nna didkadike di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a matlhano le borobabobedi jwa di dolara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Kago ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo Dam is spilling water, Ghana.JPG|left|thumb|Letamo la Aksombo le butswe ditsela tse di tshololang metsi]]
Ka Motsheganong 1960, puso ya Ghana e ne ya re dikompone di supe kgatlhego mo kagong ya letamo le la motlakase. Ka ngwaga wa 1961, kompone ya kwa Italy ya Imprelifo e e neng e sa tswa go fetsa letamo la Kariba, e ne ya fenya konteraka. Ka ngwaga wa 1961, Volta River Authority e ne ya tlhamiwa ke palamente ya Ghana ka go fetisa molao wa tlhabololo noka ya Volta. Lekgotla le, le ne le bereka ka maloko a lekgotla la bookamedi a le marataro, Nkrumah e le modulasetilo wa lone. Tiro e tona ya VRA e ne e le go okamela tlhabololo ya kgampu ya noka ya Volta, e e neng e akaretsa kago le go okamela letamo, go fetlha motlakase le mafaratlhatlha a go isa motlakase. VRA  e okametse lekadiba le le dirilweng ke letamo, go tshwara ditlhapi mo lekadibeng, go tsamaya ka dikepe kgotsa mekoro mo go lone, ditlhaeletsanyo, le go nna sentle ga ba ba dikologileng lekadiba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Letamo le agilwe ka dingwaga tsa 1961 go tsena 1965.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kago ya lone e ne e diriwa ke puso ya Ghana, ka thuso ya 25% ya madi go tswa kwa bankeng ya mafatshefatshe ya kago le ditlhabololo kwa World Bank, [[USA|United States]] le [[United Kingdom]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20030120203142/http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Rivers/riversetc.html &quot;Commonwealth Education&quot;.] Archived from [http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Rivers/riversetc.html the original] on 1 February 2002. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Impreligo e ne ya gopa metsi kwa moalong wa noka le go ntsha metsi mo meseleng, ya fetsa letamo kgwedi pele ga nako e e neng e beilwe le ntswa go nnile le morwalela wa noka ya Volta k 1963 mo go neng ga diya tiro ka dikgwedi di feta tharo. Ka ngwaga wa 1961 go stena 1966, babereki ba le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ba Impreligo ba ne ba tlhokafala ka nako ya kago ya letamo. Go beilwe difikantswe kwa Akosombo le kereke ya St Barbara Catholic e le segopotso sa bone.

Kago ya letamo la Akosombo e ne ya baka morwalela kwa kgampung ya noka ya Volta le masimo a yone, le go dira lekadiba la Volta le le apesang 3.6% wa lefatshe lotlhe la Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Lekadiba la Volta le tlhamilwe ka dingwag tsa 1962 go tsena 1966 la gwetlha phuduso ya batho ba le dikete di le masome  arobabobedi, ba ba neng ba emetse 1% wa batho botlhe ba lefatshe leo.&lt;ref&gt;Matthew Davis (30 May 2003). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2947420.stm &quot;Eyewitness: Waking up to water crisis&quot;.] BBC.&lt;/ref&gt; Batho ba metse e le makgolo a supa ba ne ba fudusiwa go isiwa kwa metsing e le masome a  matlhano le bobedi dingwaga di le pedi pele ga letamo le fediwa; lenaneo la phuduso le ne le le mo ketelelong pele ya VRA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Jackson, Iain; [[:en:Ola_Uduku|Uduku, Ola]]; Addo, Irene Appeaning; Opong, Rexford Assasie (19 May 2019). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389 &quot;The Volta River Project: planning, housing and resettlement in Ghana, 1950–1965]&quot;. ''The Journal of Architecture''. '''24''' (4): 512–548. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389 10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1360-2365 1360-2365.]&lt;/ref&gt; 2% wa batho ba ba fudusitsweng e ne e le batshwara ditlhapi, bontsi e le balemi barui.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Kgaolo e e kwa botlhaba jwa Ghana le batho ba ba tsentsweng mo dikgaolong tseoke bone ba ba neng ba amilwe thata ke ditlamorago tsa porojeke.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Suave, N., A. Dzokoto, B. Opare et al. 2002. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11917246/ ''The price of development: HIV infection in a semiurban community of Ghana''.] Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes [JAIDS] 20(4): 402–408.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go fetlha motlakase ==
[[Setshwantsho:1 Ghana Cedi.png|left|thumb|Letamo la Akosombo kwa morago ga madi a cedi e le nngwe ya 2007]]
Letamo le isa motlakase kwa Ghana le mafatshe a bophirima jwa Aforika a a mabapi jaaka a Togo le Benin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Pele 20% ya motlakase wa letamo la Akosombo o ne o neelwa banni ba Ghana, 80% o neelwa Valco. Puso ya Ghana e ne ya gwetlhega ka konteraka go duelela 50% ya tlhwatlhwa ya kago ya Akosombo, mme lefatshe le ne le letlelelwa 20% fela wa motlakase o o fetlhiwang. Baakgedi bangwe ba tshwenyegile ka gore se ke sekai sa kgatelelo ya lefatshe mo go le lengwe. Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, motlakase o o tswang mo pitseng ya Valco o ile tlase go letla seelo se se kwa Akosombo go dirisiwa go fitlhelela letlhoko la mo gae.&lt;ref&gt;Kwame Okoampa-Ahoofe (28 August 2007). [https://thestatesmanonline.com/pages/news_detail.php?section=11&amp;newsid=4580 &quot;NPP cuts sod for Bui Dam&quot;.] Statesman online. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Pele, kgonagalo ya go fetlha motlakase e ne e feta letlhoko go menagane; fa letlhoko fa e sale letamo le simologa le bakile go oketsega gabedi ga motlakase o o fetlhiwang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170829081952/http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf ''Competition for water resources of the Volta basin''.] Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.&lt;/ref&gt; Go atologa ga madirelo le itsholelo ya Ghana go ne ga baka letlhoko le le kwa godimo la motlakase, go feta selekanyo se se ka kgongwang ke pitsa ya Akosombo. Ka ngwaga wa 1981, letangwana le ne la agiwa kwa Kpong, kwa tlase ga Akosombo, tlhabololo ya Aksombo e ne ya tlhokega go tshegetsa motlakase o o fetlhiwang koo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Go oketsega ga batho ba ba tlhokang motlakase go ne go feta o o ka ntshiwang ke kago e e teng. Letlhoko la motlakase, ga mmogo le diemo tse di sa solofelwang, di bakile go simololwa ga mananeo a kgaolo motlakase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170829081952/http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf ''Competition for water resources of the Volta basin''.] Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.&lt;/ref&gt; Seelo se se kwa tlase sa makadiba se itemogetswe, ka dinako tse dingwe a le kwa tlase ga seelo se se tlhokafalang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa 2007, matshwenyego a ne a nna teng ka go fetlhiwa ga motlakase kwa letamong ka ntlha ya seelo se se kwa tlase sa metsi kwa lekadibeng ya Volta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Ka sephatlo sa bofelo sa ngwaga wa 2007, matshwenyego a, a ne a tokafala fa pula e na ka bontsi kwa lefelong la noka ya Volta.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=129773 &quot;Flood destroys farmlands in Bongo District&quot;]. 29 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2010, go ne ga gatisiwa seelo se se kwa godimo go gaisa se se kileng sa gatisiwa pele kwa letamong leo. Se se ne sa gwetlha go bulwa ga dikgoro tsa morwalela kwa seelong sa lekadiba sa dimithara di le masome a robabobedi le bone dibeke di le mmalwa, metsi a ne a tshololwa mo lekadibeng, mo go neng ga baka morwalela kwa tlase.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/artikel.php?ID=198319 &quot;VRA ends spillage from Volta Dam&quot;]. GhanaWeb. 30 November 2001. Retrieved 18 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditlamorago ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo Dam hydroelectric plant.jpg|left|thumb|Se fetlha motlakase mo lekadibeng la Volta]]
Letamo la Akosombo le boetswe ke ditirelo tsa madirelo le itsholelo mo go simolodiseng mekoro mo lekadibeng, koketsego ya go tshwara ditlhapi, ditirelo tse disha tsa temothuo mo lotshitshing, ga mmog le bojanala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Tikologo ya ditshedi ===
[[Setshwantsho:Volta lake.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa lekadiba la Volta fa le lebilwe kwa godimo]]
Morago ga kago ya letamo, go nnile le kwelo tlase ya dipoelo tsa temothuo gaufi le lekadiba le dinoka tsa di amanng le lone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Lefatshe le le dikaganyeditseng lekadiba la Volta ga le a nona jaaka lefatshe la pele le le neng le tlhagotswe mme jaanong le le kwa tlase ga lekadiba, ditiro tse di masetla tsa temothuo di feditse mmu o o neng o ntse o sa lekana. Mafaratlhatlha a tsa temothuo a latlhegelwa ke mmu o o nonneng ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go nna teng ga merwalela ya gangwe le gape e e eneng e tsisa menontshane mo mmung pele ga go elela ga metsi ga tlhogelo go emisiwa ke letamo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Van De Giesen, N., M. Andreini, A. Van Edig and P. Vlek. 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170829081952/http://www.glowa.org/de/literaturliste/dateien/competition_in_volta_basin.pdf ''Competition for water resources of the Volta basin''.] Regional Management of Water Resources. IAHS Publ. no. 268: 199–205.&lt;/ref&gt; Go gola ga temothuo ya thekiso go dirile gore menontshane e elelele mo nokeng. Se, ga mmogo le leswe la dikgomo le kgotlhelesego ya metsi a a leswe, go bakile go kgobokana ga menontshane mo metsing a noka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go nna gontsi ga menontshane, le go tlhoka go elela thata ga metsi, go bakile go gola thata ga mehero. Mehero e, e bakile bothata mo go tsamaeng mo metsing le dipalamo tsa metsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

=== Pabalesego ya batho ===
Go nna teng ga mohero mo lotshitshing lwa lekadiba le mo dinokeng tse di tshelang mo go lone go bakile mathata a mantsi mo botsogong jwa batho. Mohero o dira gore go nne le ntshi e ntsho, monang le dikgopa, tse di bakang malwetsi a metsi a tshwana le bilharzia, bofofu jwa metsi le malaria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Fa e sale letamo le agiwa, malwetsi a,a a oketsegile thata. Metse e batho ba fuduseditsweng kwa go yone e supile koketsego ya malwetsi fa e sale go simololwa lekadiba la Volta, kgonagalo ya go amiwa ke bolwetse ya motse e tsamaelana le gore motse o o o gaufi go le kae le lekadiba.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Bana le batshwara ditlhapii segolo jang ba amilwe thata ke go oketsega ga malwetsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Fa godimo ga foo, go amega ga bonno mo metsing go bakile kwelo tlase ya ditlhapi tsa shrimp le clam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Botsogo jwa batho ba magae bo nyeleditswe ke go tlhoka ditlhapi tse, ka di ne di ntsha motswedi wa poroteini e e tlhokegang mo dijong. Ka mo go tshwanang, itsholelo ya magae le madirelo e itemogetse kwelo tlase ka ntlha ya go ya tlase ga temothuo e e amanang le metsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; 

Go oketsega ga phudugo ya batho mo lefelong le go bakiwa ke lehuma le mafelo a a sa nnang sentle a ba fuduseditsweng mo go one.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Phudugo e e okeditse kanamo ya mogare wa HIV kwa ditshabeng tsa kgampu ya Volta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Dikgaolo tsa Manya Krobo le Yilo Krobo, tse di mo kgaolong e e kwa borwa bophirima jwa kgampu ya Volta, ke ditshaba tsa koo di na le kanamo e e kwa godimo ya HIV,&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; se se supa ka fa diemo di amileng dikgaolo tse ka teng. Thekiso ya mmele e ne ya golela pele e le go tsibogela dikete tsa babereki ba borre ba ba neng ba le mo lefelong leo go aga letamo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Lesome mo lekgolong la batho ba bomme ba dingwaga tsa pelegi go tswa mo dikgaolong tse pedi tse ba fudugetse kwa ntle ga dikgaolo ka nako eo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1986, 90% ya batswasetlhabelo ba AIDA kwa Ghana e ne e le bomme, 96% ya bone ba ne ba sa tswa go nna kwa ntle ga lefatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== Tsa itsholelo ===
Tatlhegelo ya lefatshe ga batho ba ba dikete di le masome a robabobedi ba ba neng ba fudusitswe ka dikgoka go ne go raya tatlhegelo ya ditirelo tsa bone tsa itsholelo tsa go tshwara ditlhapi le temothuo, tatlhegelo ya mabitla a malwpaa a bone, tatlhegelo ya go itshetlela ga setshaba, le tatlhegelo ya ditshetlana tsa botshelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Lenaneno la phuduso le ne le supa dikgwetlho tse di tlang le go tlhama ditshaba tse di tshwaraganeng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go tlhoka go rulaganya sentle go ne ga baka phuduso ya ditshaba go ya mafelong a a  sa tsamaelaneng le botshelo jwa bone jwa pele le ngwao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Tatlhegelo ya mmu o o nonneng kwa tlase ga lekadiba la Volta go ne ga ama ditsela tsa temo tsa ngwao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Diemo tse di kwa tlase tsa botshelo tse di neng di le kwa metseng e ba neng ba fuduseditswe kwa go yone di supagala mo phokotsegong ya palo ya batho fa e sale ba fudusiwa. Motse mongwe o batho ba neng ba fuduseditswe kwa go one o ne wa itemogela kwalo tlase ya palo ya batho ka 50% mo dingwageng tse di masome mabedi le boraro morago ga phuduso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go ya kwa godimo ga borai jwa itsholelo le maitemogelo a lehuma di amanngwa le metse e e amilweng thata ke tlhabololo ya noka ya Volta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Phudugo ya batho le go ya tlase ga ditsa tlholego kwa kgampung ya Volta go bakile lehuma le le amangwang le kgatelelo mo bathong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== Tikologo ===
Go supilwe ga fo na le thoromo tsa lefatshe kwa lekadibeng la Volta ka ntlha ya gore metsi a mantsi mo lekadibeng a imela lefatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Go na le phudugo ya molomo wa noka go ya botlhaba ka ntlha ya diphetogo tse di dirilweng mo molomongwa noka, se se bakile kgothego e e tsweletseng ya lotshitshi. Diphetogo mo metsing a noka di fetotse bothitho mo go bakileng diphetogo tsa seemo sa loapi jaaka go fokotsega ga pula le bothitho jo bo kwa godimo kgwedi le kgwedi. Ditlamorago tse tsotlhe tsa tikologo di dira dikgoreletsego mo ditirelong tsa itsholelo le seemo sa botshelo jwa batho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Patlsiiso ka basekaseki ba mafatshefatshe e ne ya supa fa letamo le nnile le ditlamorago tse di bonalang mo kgothegong ya lotshitshi lwa sekganedi se se farologanyang Keta Lagoon le lewatle. Dr. Isaac Boateng o baleletse phokotso ya seretse go tswa kwa didkadikeng di le masome a supa le motso ka ngwaga wa go nna didikadike di supa fela ka ngwaga.&lt;ref&gt;Boateng, Isaac (2010). ''Spatial Planning in Coastal Regions: Facing the Impact of Climate Change''. Copenhagen: International Federation of Surveyors.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Go tshologa ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo dam spilling water.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Akosombo le tsholola metsi]]
Go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 2023, la bofelo batho ba ba nnang fa letamong la Akosombo ba itemogela morwalela ka ntlha ya go tlhatsa mo go laolwang ga letamo ke ka ngwaga wa 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/volta-floods-will-the-spillage-end-soon/ &quot;Volta floods: Will the spillage end soon? - MyJoyOnline&quot;.] ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Lwetse a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2023, lekgotla la bookamedi jwa noka ya Volta le ne la simolodisa go tsholola metsi mo go laolwang mo letamong la Akosombo le Kpong kwa kgaolong e e kwa botlhaba. Go tsholola mo go laolwang mo go ne ga baka morwalela kwa metseng e e kwa kgampung ya Volta mo go neng ga kgoreletsa motlakase. Batswa setlhabelo ba le bantsi ba ne ba latlhegelwa ke dithoto le matshelo ka ntlha ya merwalela e.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;GTonline (13 October 2023). [https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/akosombo-dam-spillage-7-districts-hit-by-floods-farmlands-houses-other-properties-affected-in-greater-accra-eastern-volta-regions/ &quot;Akosombo Dam spillage: 7 districts hit by floods …farmlands, houses, other properties affected in Greater Accra, Eastern, Volta regions&quot;.] ''Ghanaian Times''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Ditatlhegelo di ne di akaretsa masimo, matlo le dithoto tse di neng di sentswe ke merwalela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Logone</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13746</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50908</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T13:21:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abbymooketsi</username>
        <id>12868</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>50908</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2767" sha1="er570ukemm3382fzs5ejdibicobevxx" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:The Logon-Birni - general view.jpg|thumb|Ba-Logone-Birni, go tswa mo bukeng ya The earth and its inhabitants, Africa 1892[[Setshwantsho:Charirivermap.png|thumb|Mmape o o bontshang Noka ya Logone mo teng ga Noka ya Chari]]'''Location'''
* Countries

# Chad 
# Cameroon

City	Kousséri


'''Physical characteristics'''

Source	 

• location	Central African Republic

Mouth	 

• location	Chari River at N'Djaména, Chad

• coordinates	12°6′22″N 15°2′7″E

• elevation	364 m (1,194 ft)

Length	1,000 km (620 mi)

Basin size	78,000 km2 (30,000 sq mi)

Discharge	 

• average	492 m3/s (17,400 cu ft/s)

'''Basin features'''

* Protection 
* status

Ramsar Wetland

'''Official name'''	Plaines d'inondation du Logone et les dépressions Toupouri

'''Designated'''	14 November 2005

'''Reference no'''.	1560&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Plaines d'inondation du Logone et les dépressions Toupouri&quot;. Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Noka ya Logon kgotsa Logone''' ke nngwe ya [[:en:Tributary|dinoka tse dikgolo tse di tsenang]] mo [[:en:Chari_River|nokeng ya Chari]]. Metsi a Logone a tswa kwa bophirima jwa [[:en:Central_African_Republic|Central African Republic]], kwa bokone jwa [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]] le kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Chad|Chad]]. E na le dinoka tse pedi tse di kgolo: [[:en:Pendé_River|Noka ya Pende]] (Eastern Logone) kwa kgaolong ya [[:en:Ouham-Pendé|Ouham-Pende]] kwa Central African Republic  le [[:en:Mbéré_River|Noka ya Mbere]] (Western Logone) kwa botlhaba jwa [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Logone River | river, Africa&quot;. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-06-06.&lt;/ref&gt; Dinoka di dikologilwe ke [[:en:Swamp|mafelo a mantsi a a nang le ditlhatshana]] le a a nang le metsi.

Batho ba ba nnang mo nokeng e ba akaretsa [[:en:Kousseri|Kousseri]], toropo e e kwa bokone jwa [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]], le motsemogolo wa Chad, N'Djamena, o o kwa lefelong le Logone e elelang mo [[:en:Chari_River|Nokeng ya Chari]].  

Noka ya Logone ke karolo ya molelwane wa bodichabachaba magareng ga Chad le Cameroon. 

== Hydrometry ==
Go elela ga noka go lemogilwe mo dingwageng tse di fetang masome a mararo le borobabobedi (1951-84) kwa [[:en:Bongor|Bongor]] toropo ya Chad kwa tlase ga noka e e kopanang le Pende e e ka nnang dikilometara di le 450 (280 mi) kwa godimo ga molomo wa noka ya Chari.&lt;ref&gt;GRDC - Chari Basin : Der Logone in Bongor&lt;/ref&gt; 

Bongor e ne ya bona gore palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga e ne e le 492 m3/s (17,400 cu ft/s) e e neng e nowa ke kgaolo ya 73,700 km2 (28,500 sq mi) e e ka nnang 94.5% ya kgaolo yotlhe ya noka. Ka ntlha ya go mowafala thata ga metsi, metsi a a elelang mo molomong wa noka a a fokotsega. Kwa N'Djamena, selekanyo sa metsi se fokotsega go nna 400 m3/s (14,000 cu ft/s).</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lekadiba la Kariba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13747</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50911</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T13:56:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya lekadiba la Kariba #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>50911</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4164" sha1="46vdxm017nl9mvuxgqrxd92wcnxckzu" xml:space="preserve">'''Lekadiba la Kariba''' ke lekadiba le legolo go fetisa makadiba otlhe a a itiretsweng ka selekanyo mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Le dikhilomithara di le sekete le makgolo a mararo go tswa kwa molomong wa [[noka ya Zambezi]] kwa lewatleng la Indian, mo molelwaneng wa mafatshe a [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe]]. Lekadiba la Kariba le tladitswe go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1958 go tsena 1963 morago ga go fediwa ga [[letamo la Kariba]] kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa phelelo ya lone, le dira morwalela kwa mokgatsheng wa Kariba kwa nokeng ya Zambezi.

Toropo ya kwa Zimbabwe ya Kariba e ne e agetswe baagi ba letamo la lekadiba, fa metse e mengwe jaaka wa Binga le Mlibizi kwa Zimbabwe le Siavonga le Sinazongwe kwa Zambia a atolositswe go baya batho ba ba neng ba fudusiwa fa noka e agelwa letamo.

== Popego ya lone ==
Lekadiba la Kariba le boleele jo bo fetang dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a mabedi le boraro le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le masome mane. Le apesitse lefelo la dikhilomithara di le dikete di le tlhano, makgolo matlhano le masome a robabobedi, le selekanyo sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le botlhano. Boteng jwa lekadiba ke dimithara di le masome mabedi le borobabongwe go ya kwa masome a robabongwe le bosupa. Ke lone lekadiba le letona mo lefatsheng go feta a mangwe le le itiretsweng, le feta letamo la Three Gorges gane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Kariba &quot;Kariba&quot;.] Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt; Bokete jwa metsi go dumelwa fa bo bakile dithoromo tsa lefatshe mo kgaolong e e tshabelelwang ke dithoromo, dithoromo tse di akaretsa tse di fetang masome mabedi tsa bogolo jo bo fetang botlhano mo sekaleng sa Richter.&lt;ref&gt;Scholz, C. H.; Koczynski, T. A.; Hutchins, D. G. (1 January 1976). [https://academic.oup.com/gji/article-pdf/44/1/135/1914105/44-1-135.pdf &quot;Evidence for Incipient Rifting in Southern Africa&quot;] (PDF). ''Geophysical Journal International''. '''44''' (1): 135–144. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976GeoJ...44..135S 1976GeoJ...44..135S]. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/44/1/135/663873?login=true 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1976.tb00278.x.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lekadiba le, le na le ditlhaketlhake di le mmalwa, di akaretsa setlhaketlhake sa Maaze, sa Mashape, sa Chete, sa Sekula, Sampa Karuma, Fothergill, Spurwing, Snake, Antelope, Bed le Chikanka.

== Tikologo ==
Ka legato la go tlatsa lekadiba, metsi a ne a na le menontshane e e kwa godimo a tswa mo dimeleng tse di neng di bola, tse di khurumeditsweng ke metsi, di dira boalo jwa mmu o o nonneng mo lefatsheng le le neng la nna moalo wa lekadiba. Ka jalo, tikologo ya lekadiba la Kariba e a kgatlhisa. Mefuta e le mmalwa ya ditlhapi di tsisitswe mo lekadibeng le, segolo bogolo wa kapenta (di tsewa kwa lekadibeng la Tanganyika), le jaanong le nang le marekisetso a ditlhapi a a phophomang. Ditshedi tse dingwe tse di nnang mo lekadibeng di akaretsa dikwena tsa Nile le dikubu.

Ditlhap
{{Infobox river|name=Lekadiba la Kariba|image_name=Lake Kariba.jpg|image_map=Zimbabwe relief location map.svg|basin_countries=[[Zambia]] [[Zimbabwe]]|length_km=223|elevation=479 m}}
i tsa Game, bogolo jang tsa tigerfish, tse e neng e le mofuta wa mo gae wa mafaratlhatlha a noka ya Zambezi, jaanong di dintsi kwa kapenta, mo go rotloetsang bojanala. Mafatshe a Zambia le Zimbabwe jaanong a leka go tlhabolola mohama wa bojanala mo matshitshing a lekadiba la Kariba kwa mafatsheng a bone.

Bo ntsu ba metsi, dinonyane tsa cormorant le dinonyane tse dingwe tsa metsi di bonala mo lotshitshing, fela jaaka dipalo tse dintsi tsa ditlou le diphologolo tse dingwe tse ditona di akaretsa ditau, mangau, dinare le tse dingwe tse dipotlana. Lefelo la itloso bodutu la Matusadona National park pele le ne le ratiwa ke ditshukudu tse dintsho le tse di tshweu, mme go di bolaya ga mo bosheng go fokoditse dipalo tsa tsone thata.

== Mafelo a a sireleditsweng ==
[[Setshwantsho:KaribaDam.jpg|thumb|[[Letamo la Kariba]]]]
Bontlha jwa lekadiba la Kariba kwa [[Zimbabwe]] bo seegetswe kwa thoko go nna lefelo la itloso bodutu kwa Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Estate.

== Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe ==

* [[Lekadiba la Volta]]

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <id>50974</id>
      <parentid>50911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T06:19:39Z</timestamp>
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        <username>JudithShe</username>
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      <text bytes="4162" sha1="gd7wfh08pamrvbudx9x7uwf1mfhy1cv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Lekadiba la Kariba|image_name=Lake Kariba.jpg|image_map=Zimbabwe relief location map.svg|basin_countries=[[Zambia]] [[Zimbabwe]]|length_km=223|elevation=479 m}}'''Lekadiba la Kariba''' ke lekadiba le legolo go fetisa makadiba otlhe a a itiretsweng ka selekanyo mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Le dikhilomithara di le sekete le makgolo a mararo go tswa kwa molomong wa [[noka ya Zambezi]] kwa lewatleng la Indian, mo molelwaneng wa mafatshe a [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe]]. Lekadiba la Kariba le tladitswe go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1958 go tsena 1963 morago ga go fediwa ga [[letamo la Kariba]] kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa phelelo ya lone, le dira morwalela kwa mokgatsheng wa Kariba kwa nokeng ya Zambezi.

Toropo ya kwa Zimbabwe ya Kariba e ne e agetswe baagi ba letamo la lekadiba, fa metse e mengwe jaaka wa Binga le Mlibizi kwa Zimbabwe le Siavonga le Sinazongwe kwa Zambia a atolositswe go baya batho ba ba neng ba fudusiwa fa noka e agelwa letamo.

== Popego ya lone ==
Lekadiba la Kariba le boleele jo bo fetang dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a mabedi le boraro le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le masome mane. Le apesitse lefelo la dikhilomithara di le dikete di le tlhano, makgolo matlhano le masome a robabobedi, le selekanyo sa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le botlhano. Boteng jwa lekadiba ke dimithara di le masome mabedi le borobabongwe go ya kwa masome a robabongwe le bosupa. Ke lone lekadiba le letona mo lefatsheng go feta a mangwe le le itiretsweng, le feta letamo la Three Gorges gane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Kariba &quot;Kariba&quot;.] Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2026-06-18&lt;/ref&gt; Bokete jwa metsi go dumelwa fa bo bakile dithoromo tsa lefatshe mo kgaolong e e tshabelelwang ke dithoromo, dithoromo tse di akaretsa tse di fetang masome mabedi tsa bogolo jo bo fetang botlhano mo sekaleng sa Richter.&lt;ref&gt;Scholz, C. H.; Koczynski, T. A.; Hutchins, D. G. (1 January 1976). [https://academic.oup.com/gji/article-pdf/44/1/135/1914105/44-1-135.pdf &quot;Evidence for Incipient Rifting in Southern Africa&quot;] (PDF). ''Geophysical Journal International''. '''44''' (1): 135–144. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976GeoJ...44..135S 1976GeoJ...44..135S]. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/44/1/135/663873?login=true 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1976.tb00278.x.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lekadiba le, le na le ditlhaketlhake di le mmalwa, di akaretsa setlhaketlhake sa Maaze, sa Mashape, sa Chete, sa Sekula, Sampa Karuma, Fothergill, Spurwing, Snake, Antelope, Bed le Chikanka.

== Tikologo ==
Ka legato la go tlatsa lekadiba, metsi a ne a na le menontshane e e kwa godimo a tswa mo dimeleng tse di neng di bola, tse di khurumeditsweng ke metsi, di dira boalo jwa mmu o o nonneng mo lefatsheng le le neng la nna moalo wa lekadiba. Ka jalo, tikologo ya lekadiba la Kariba e a kgatlhisa. Mefuta e le mmalwa ya ditlhapi di tsisitswe mo lekadibeng le, segolo bogolo wa kapenta (di tsewa kwa lekadibeng la Tanganyika), le jaanong le nang le marekisetso a ditlhapi a a phophomang. Ditshedi tse dingwe tse di nnang mo lekadibeng di akaretsa dikwena tsa Nile le dikubu.

Ditlhapi tsa Game, bogolo jang tsa tigerfish, tse e neng e le mofuta wa mo gae wa mafaratlhatlha a noka ya Zambezi, jaanong di dintsi kwa kapenta, mo go rotloetsang bojanala. Mafatshe a Zambia le Zimbabwe jaanong a leka go tlhabolola mohama wa bojanala mo matshitshing a lekadiba la Kariba kwa mafatsheng a bone.

Bo ntsu ba metsi, dinonyane tsa cormorant le dinonyane tse dingwe tsa metsi di bonala mo lotshitshing, fela jaaka dipalo tse dintsi tsa ditlou le diphologolo tse dingwe tse ditona di akaretsa ditau, mangau, dinare le tse dingwe tse dipotlana. Lefelo la itloso bodutu la Matusadona National park pele le ne le ratiwa ke ditshukudu tse dintsho le tse di tshweu, mme go di bolaya ga mo bosheng go fokoditse dipalo tsa tsone thata.

== Mafelo a a sireleditsweng ==
[[Setshwantsho:KaribaDam.jpg|thumb|[[Letamo la Kariba]]]]
Bontlha jwa lekadiba la Kariba kwa [[Zimbabwe]] bo seegetswe kwa thoko go nna lefelo la itloso bodutu kwa Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Estate.

== Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe ==

* [[Lekadiba la Volta]]

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chenjerai Hove</title>
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'''Chenjerai Hove''' (Tlhakole a ferabongwe ka 1956 – Phukwi a le lesome le bobedi ka 2015), e ne e le mmoki wa Zimbabwe, mokwadi wa padi le mokwadi wa tlhamo yo o neng a kwala ka Seesemane le [[Seshona]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Arana2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ezeliora |first=Osita |year=2008 |title=The Facts on File Companion to World Poetry: 1900 to the Present |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-0837-7 |editor-last=R. Victoria Arana |pages=217–8 |chapter=Hove, Chenjerai |access-date=2 August 2012 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lblcBR7uDoYC&amp;pg=PA217}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Dipadi tsa ga Hove di tlhatlhoba ka tsenelelo ditshenyegelo tsa tlhaloganyo le tsa loago - mo baaging ba metseselegae, segolobogolo, tsa [[Ntwa ya batho basweu kwa Rhodesia|ntwa ya kgololesego kwa Zimbabwe]].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Head2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dominic Head |year=2006 |title=The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQINrHtwNU0C&amp;pg=PA536 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83179-6 |page=536 |access-date=2 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; O tlhokafetse ka Phukwi a le malatsi a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 July 2015 |title=Chenjerai Hove dies |url=http://www.zbc.co.zw/news-categories/entertainment/58247-chenjerai-hove-dies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803113217/http://www.zbc.co.zw/news-categories/entertainment/58247-chenjerai-hove-dies |archive-date=3 August 2015 |access-date=27 July 2015 |publisher=Zbc.co.zw}}&lt;/ref&gt; fa a ne a nna kwa lejwa kwa Norway, mme loso lwa gagwe lo amana le [[go sa bereke sentle ga sebete]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=12 July 2015 |title=Exiled writer Chenjerai Hove dies |url=http://nehandaradio.com/2015/07/12/exiled-writer-chenjerai-hove-dies/ |access-date=27 July 2015 |publisher=Nehanda Radio}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo ==

== Dikgatiso ==

== Ditlotla le Dietsele ==

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Letsha la Victoria</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the opening section from the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358697612|Lake Victoria]]&quot;</comment>
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{{format citations|date = December 2024}}}}
[[File:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Mola o montsho o supa tsela e Stanley a tsamayang ka yone.]]

'''Letsha la Victoria''' ke lengwe la Matsha a Magolo la Aforika . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka botona jwa lefatshe jo bo ka nnang kana ka dikholomithara di le dikete di le masome a le matlhano le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le mane le bosupa (23, 164 sq mi).{{cvt|59947|km2|sqmi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2018-11-13 |title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |language=en |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/fvjj4a}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;tsebe&amp;nbsp;needed&lt;/span&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Letsha la Victoria ke letsha le letona go gaisa mo Afrika ka botona, letsha le letona go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka bophara la [[Tropical|trophikale]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}&lt;/ref&gt; gape e le letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng la metsi a a phepa ka botona jwa bophara morago ga Letsha la Superior kwa Amerika Bokone. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fa go lejwa  ka tekanyo ya metsi, Letsha la Victoria ke letsha la borobabongwe le legolo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng, le na le dikete di le pedi le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mabedi le bone (ka km³) tsa metsi.{{cvt|2424|km3|acre ft}}. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha la Victoria le mo lefelong le le seng boteng mo Afrika. Letsha le le na le boteng jo bo kwa tlase jwa dimithara le di masome a mane (130ft) {{cvt|40|m|ft}} le boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa masome a le boferabobedi go ya go masome a le boferabobedi le bongwe (262-266ft) {{cvt|80 - 81|m|ft}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot; /&gt;  [[Catchment area|Kgaolo ya lone ya kgobokanyo ya metsi]] e apesa lefatshe la dikholomithara di le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a marataro le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le matlhano le boferabobedi.{{cvt|169858|km2|sqmi}}   . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha le le na le mola wa letshitshi wa boleele jwa dikholomithara di le supa le lekgolo le masome a mane le bobedi (4,438 mi)la {{cvt|7142|km|mi}} fa e tsenngwa mo dijithaleng ka selekanyo sa 1:25,000, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |date=2016-10-11 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/5y5ivf}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ka ditlhaketlhake tse di bopang 3.7% ya boleele jo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hickling61&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hickling, C. F. |year=1961 |title=Tropical Inland Fisheries |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicalinlandfi0000hick |publisher=[[Longmans]] |location=London |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Botona jwa letsha le bo kgaogantswe gareng ga mafatshe a le mararo: [[Tanzania]] e na le 49% ( {{cvt|33,700|km2|sqmi}}   ), [[Uganda]] 45% ( {{cvt|31,000|km2|sqmi}}   ), le [[Kenya]] 6% ( {{cvt|4,100|km2|sqmi}}   ). 

Letsha le ke legae la mefuta e le mentsi ya ditlhapi tse di sa nneng gope go sele, segolobogolo di-cichlid . Ditlhapi tse di tlhaselang, jaaka Nile perch, di dirile gore mefuta e mentsi ya tsone e nyelele .</text>
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{{format citations|date = December 2024}}}}
[[File:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Mola o montsho o supa tsela e Stanley a tsamayang ka yone.]]

'''Letsha la Victoria''' ke lengwe la Matsha a Magolo la Aforika . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka botona jwa lefatshe jo bo ka nnang kana ka dikholomithara di le dikete di le masome a le matlhano le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le mane le bosupa (23, 164 sq mi).{{cvt|59947|km2|sqmi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2018-11-13 |title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |language=en |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/fvjj4a}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;tsebe&amp;nbsp;needed&lt;/span&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Letsha la Victoria ke letsha le letona go gaisa mo Afrika ka botona, letsha le letona go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka bophara la [[Tropical|trophikale]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}&lt;/ref&gt; gape e le letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng la metsi a a phepa ka botona jwa bophara morago ga Letsha la Superior kwa Amerika Bokone. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fa go lejwa  ka tekanyo ya metsi, Letsha la Victoria ke letsha la borobabongwe le legolo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng, le na le dikete di le pedi le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mabedi le bone (ka km³) tsa metsi.{{cvt|2424|km3|acre ft}}. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha la Victoria le mo lefelong le le seng boteng mo Afrika. Letsha le le na le boteng jo bo kwa tlase jwa dimithara le di masome a mane (130ft) {{cvt|40|m|ft}} le boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa masome a le boferabobedi go ya go masome a le boferabobedi le bongwe (262-266ft) {{cvt|80 - 81|m|ft}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot; /&gt;  [[Catchment area|Kgaolo ya lone ya kgobokanyo ya metsi]] e apesa lefatshe la dikholomithara di le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a marataro le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le matlhano le boferabobedi.{{cvt|169858|km2|sqmi}}   . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha le le na le mola wa letshitshi wa boleele jwa dikholomithara di le supa le lekgolo le masome a mane le bobedi (4,438 mi)la {{cvt|7142|km|mi}} fa e tsenngwa mo dijithaleng ka selekanyo sa 1:25,000, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |date=2016-10-11 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/5y5ivf}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ka ditlhaketlhake tse di bopang 3.7% ya boleele jo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hickling61&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hickling, C. F. |year=1961 |title=Tropical Inland Fisheries |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicalinlandfi0000hick |publisher=[[Longmans]] |location=London |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Botona jwa letsha le bo kgaogantswe gareng ga mafatshe a le mararo: [[Tanzania]] e na le 49% ( {{cvt|33,700|km2|sqmi}}   ), [[Uganda]] 45% ( {{cvt|31,000|km2|sqmi}}   ), le [[Kenya]] 6% ( {{cvt|4,100|km2|sqmi}}   ). 

Letsha le ke legae la mefuta e le mentsi ya ditlhapi tse di sa nneng gope go sele, segolobogolo di-cichlid . Ditlhapi tse di tlhaselang, jaaka Nile perch, di dirile gore mefuta e mentsi ya tsone e nyelele .

== __LEAD_SECTION__ ==

{{Multiple issues|{{primary sources|date = December 2024}}
{{format citations|date = December 2024}}}}
[[File:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Mola o montsho o supa tsela e Stanley a tsamayang ka yone.]]

'''Letsha la Victoria''' ke lengwe la Matsha a Magolo la Aforika . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka botona jwa lefatshe jo bo ka nnang kana ka dikholomithara di le dikete di le masome a le matlhano le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le mane le bosupa (23, 164 sq mi).{{cvt|59947|km2|sqmi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2018-11-13 |title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |language=en |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/fvjj4a}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;tsebe&amp;nbsp;needed&lt;/span&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Letsha la Victoria ke letsha le letona go gaisa mo Afrika ka botona, letsha le letona go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka bophara la [[Tropical|trophikale]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}&lt;/ref&gt; gape e le letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng la metsi a a phepa ka botona jwa bophara morago ga Letsha la Superior kwa Amerika Bokone. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fa go lejwa  ka tekanyo ya metsi, Letsha la Victoria ke letsha la borobabongwe le legolo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng, le na le dikete di le pedi le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mabedi le bone (ka km³) tsa metsi.{{cvt|2424|km3|acre ft}}. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha la Victoria le mo lefelong le le seng boteng mo Afrika. Letsha le le na le boteng jo bo kwa tlase jwa dimithara le di masome a mane (130ft) {{cvt|40|m|ft}} le boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa masome a le boferabobedi go ya go masome a le boferabobedi le bongwe (262-266ft) {{cvt|80 - 81|m|ft}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot; /&gt;  [[Catchment area|Kgaolo ya lone ya kgobokanyo ya metsi]] e apesa lefatshe la dikholomithara di le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a marataro le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le matlhano le boferabobedi.{{cvt|169858|km2|sqmi}}   . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha le le na le mola wa letshitshi wa boleele jwa dikholomithara di le supa le lekgolo le masome a mane le bobedi (4,438 mi)la {{cvt|7142|km|mi}} fa e tsenngwa mo dijithaleng ka selekanyo sa 1:25,000, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |date=2016-10-11 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/5y5ivf}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ka ditlhaketlhake tse di bopang 3.7% ya boleele jo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hickling61&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hickling, C. F. |year=1961 |title=Tropical Inland Fisheries |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicalinlandfi0000hick |publisher=[[Longmans]] |location=London |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Botona jwa letsha le bo kgaogantswe gareng ga mafatshe a le mararo: [[Tanzania]] e na le 49% ( {{cvt|33,700|km2|sqmi}}   ), [[Uganda]] 45% ( {{cvt|31,000|km2|sqmi}}   ), le [[Kenya]] 6% ( {{cvt|4,100|km2|sqmi}}   ). 

Letsha le ke legae la mefuta e le mentsi ya ditlhapi tse di sa nneng gope go sele, segolobogolo di-cichlid . Ditlhapi tse di tlhaselang, jaaka Nile perch, di dirile gore mefuta e mentsi ya tsone e nyelele .</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>51013</id>
      <parentid>50922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T09:11:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khumo Batolomi</username>
        <id>11767</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* __LEAD_SECTION__ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="9064" sha1="f049xiaf4ma17up4t25j2oc4hgk87bs" xml:space="preserve">{{Multiple issues|{{primary sources|date = December 2024}}
{{format citations|date = December 2024}}}}
[[File:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Mola o montsho o supa tsela e Stanley a tsamayang ka yone.]]

'''Letsha la Victoria''' ke lengwe la Matsha a Magolo la Aforika . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka botona jwa lefatshe jo bo ka nnang kana ka dikholomithara di le dikete di le masome a le matlhano le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le mane le bosupa (23, 164 sq mi).{{cvt|59947|km2|sqmi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2018-11-13 |title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |language=en |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/fvjj4a}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;tsebe&amp;nbsp;needed&lt;/span&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Letsha la Victoria ke letsha le letona go gaisa mo Afrika ka botona, letsha le letona go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka bophara la [[Tropical|trophikale]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}&lt;/ref&gt; gape e le letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng la metsi a a phepa ka botona jwa bophara morago ga Letsha la Superior kwa Amerika Bokone. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fa go lejwa  ka tekanyo ya metsi, Letsha la Victoria ke letsha la borobabongwe le legolo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng, le na le dikete di le pedi le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mabedi le bone (ka km³) tsa metsi.{{cvt|2424|km3|acre ft}}. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha la Victoria le mo lefelong le le seng boteng mo Afrika. Letsha le le na le boteng jo bo kwa tlase jwa dimithara le di masome a mane (130ft) {{cvt|40|m|ft}} le boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa masome a le boferabobedi go ya go masome a le boferabobedi le bongwe (262-266ft) {{cvt|80 - 81|m|ft}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot; /&gt;  [[Catchment area|Kgaolo ya lone ya kgobokanyo ya metsi]] e apesa lefatshe la dikholomithara di le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a marataro le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le matlhano le boferabobedi.{{cvt|169858|km2|sqmi}}   . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha le le na le mola wa letshitshi wa boleele jwa dikholomithara di le supa le lekgolo le masome a mane le bobedi (4,438 mi)la {{cvt|7142|km|mi}} fa e tsenngwa mo dijithaleng ka selekanyo sa 1:25,000, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |date=2016-10-11 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/5y5ivf}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ka ditlhaketlhake tse di bopang 3.7% ya boleele jo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hickling61&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hickling, C. F. |year=1961 |title=Tropical Inland Fisheries |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicalinlandfi0000hick |publisher=[[Longmans]] |location=London |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Botona jwa letsha le bo kgaogantswe gareng ga mafatshe a le mararo: [[Tanzania]] e na le 49% ( {{cvt|33,700|km2|sqmi}}   ), [[Uganda]] 45% ( {{cvt|31,000|km2|sqmi}}   ), le [[Kenya]] 6% ( {{cvt|4,100|km2|sqmi}}   ). 

Letsha le ke legae la mefuta e le mentsi ya ditlhapi tse di sa nneng gope go sele, segolobogolo di-cichlid . Ditlhapi tse di tlhaselang, jaaka Nile perch, di dirile gore mefuta e mentsi ya tsone e nyelele .

== __LETSHA LA VICTORIA__ ==

{{Multiple issues|{{primary sources|date = December 2024}}
{{format citations|date = December 2024}}}}
[[File:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Mola o montsho o supa tsela e Stanley a tsamayang ka yone.]]

'''Letsha la Victoria''' ke lengwe la Matsha a Magolo la Aforika . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka botona jwa lefatshe jo bo ka nnang kana ka dikholomithara di le dikete di le masome a le matlhano le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabongwe le masome a le mane le bosupa (23, 164 sq mi).{{cvt|59947|km2|sqmi}}, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2018-11-13 |title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |language=en |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/fvjj4a}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;tsebe&amp;nbsp;needed&lt;/span&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Letsha la Victoria ke letsha le letona go gaisa mo Afrika ka botona, letsha le letona go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka bophara la [[Tropical|trophikale]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}&lt;/ref&gt; gape e le letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng la metsi a a phepa ka botona jwa bophara morago ga Letsha la Superior kwa Amerika Bokone. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fa go lejwa  ka tekanyo ya metsi, Letsha la Victoria ke letsha la borobabongwe le legolo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng, le na le dikete di le pedi le makgolo a le mane le masome a le mabedi le bone (ka km³) tsa metsi.{{cvt|2424|km3|acre ft}}. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha la Victoria le mo lefelong le le seng boteng mo Afrika. Letsha le le na le boteng jo bo kwa tlase jwa dimithara le di masome a mane (130ft) {{cvt|40|m|ft}} le boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa masome a le boferabobedi go ya go masome a le boferabobedi le bongwe (262-266ft) {{cvt|80 - 81|m|ft}} . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot; /&gt;  [[Catchment area|Kgaolo ya lone ya kgobokanyo ya metsi]] e apesa lefatshe la dikholomithara di le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a marataro le boferabongwe le makgolo a le boferabobedi le masome a le matlhano le boferabobedi.{{cvt|169858|km2|sqmi}}   . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha le le na le mola wa letshitshi wa boleele jwa dikholomithara di le supa le lekgolo le masome a mane le bobedi (4,438 mi)la {{cvt|7142|km|mi}} fa e tsenngwa mo dijithaleng ka selekanyo sa 1:25,000, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |date=2016-10-11 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |publisher=Harvard Dataverse |chapter=Earth and Environmental Sciences |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/5y5ivf}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ka ditlhaketlhake tse di bopang 3.7% ya boleele jo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hickling61&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hickling, C. F. |year=1961 |title=Tropical Inland Fisheries |url=https://archive.org/details/tropicalinlandfi0000hick |publisher=[[Longmans]] |location=London |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Botona jwa letsha le bo kgaogantswe gareng ga mafatshe a le mararo: [[Tanzania]] e na le 49% ( {{cvt|33,700|km2|sqmi}}   ), [[Uganda]] 45% ( {{cvt|31,000|km2|sqmi}}   ), le [[Kenya]] 6% ( {{cvt|4,100|km2|sqmi}}   ). 

Letsha le ke legae la mefuta e le mentsi ya ditlhapi tse di sa nneng gope go sele, segolobogolo di-cichlid . Ditlhapi tse di tlhaselang, jaaka Nile perch, di dirile gore mefuta e mentsi ya tsone e nyelele .</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Letsha la Ahémé</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13750</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50970</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T05:55:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MmaBaggio</username>
        <id>11091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA  Letsha la Ahémé</comment>
      <origin>50970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2813" sha1="1qv7dag5b1h61gt5kqnj61w2lqczxjs" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:LE LAC AHEME AU BENIN en 2018.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Aheme]]
'''Letsha la Ahémé''' ke letsha la bobedi le legolo kwa Benin, le na le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le masome a supa le borobabobedi  (30 sq mi) ka paka ya komelelo e e atologang go nna disekwerekilometara di le lekgolo (39 sq mi) ka paka ya dipula. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Dangbégnon, Constant (2000). [https://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/1339 ''Governing Local Commons: What Can be Learned from the Failures of Lake Aheme's Institutions in Benin?''.] Eighth Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property. [[:en:Bloomington,_Indiana|Bloomington, Indiana.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha le le boleele jwa 24 kilometres (15 mi) mme le bophara jwa 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Hughes, R. H.; Hughes, J. S. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&amp;pg=PA305 ''A directory of African wetlands''.] IUCN. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2-88032-949-3|&lt;bdi&gt;2-88032-949-3&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Noka ya Couffo e elela kwa ntlheng ya bokone ya letsha, fa Aho Channel e e boleele jwa 10 km e golaganya ntlheng ya borwa jwa letsha le Grand-Popo Lagoon kwa lotshitshing lwa Atlantic.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Mosele ono o elela go ya kwa borwa ka nako ya dipula mme o fetola tsela ya one ka paka ya komelelo, e leng se se dirang gore letsha le nne letswai thata kwa ntlheng ya borwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ba-Pedah le Ba-Ayizo ke merafe e mebedi e megolo e e nnang mo lotshitshing lwa Letsha la Ahémé. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Houngnikpo, Mathurin C.; Decalo, Samuel (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0yGPTsRubWEC ''Historical Dictionary of Benin''.] Rowman &amp; Littlefield. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0810871717|978-0810871717]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. Retrieved 28 July 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;Go tshwara ditlhapi le temothuo ke tsone ditiro tse dikgolo tsa ikonomi mo lefelong leno.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Mo letsheng, go na le mefuta e le masome a supa le bongwe  ya ditlhapi tse di ileng tsa begwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1017 &quot;Basse Vallée du Couffo, Lagune Côtiere, Chenal Aho, Lac Ahémé&quot;.] Retrieved 28 July 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160818112803/http://www.lacaheme.com/spip.php?article1 &quot;Présentation&quot;.] Archived from the [http://www.lacaheme.com/spip.php?article1 original] on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Diheketara di le 47,500 (117,000 acres) tse di akaretsang marshes tsa Couffo e e kwa tlase, Letsha la Ahémé, Aho Channel le lekadiba le le gaufi le lotshitshi di ne tsa tlhophiwa jaaka lefelo la Ramsar &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; le Lefelo le le Botlhokwa la Dinonyane. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AfricaCntryPDFs/Benin.pdf &quot;Benin&quot;] (PDF). BirdLife International. Retrieved 28 July 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letsha la Nokoué</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>13751</id>
    <revision>
      <id>50973</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T06:11:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MmaBaggio</username>
        <id>11091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA  Letsha la Nokoué</comment>
      <origin>50973</origin>
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      <text bytes="5502" sha1="slf25oafyw48weoh6drkc9qzsbl99gx" xml:space="preserve">Letsha la Nokoué ke letsha le le kwa borwa jwa Benin. E bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi (12 mi) le boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le bongwe (6.8 mi) mme e akaretsa kgaolo ya 4,900 ha (12,000 acres).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;ATTI – MAMA, CYRIAQUE. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161116103059/http://pubs.worldfishcenter.org/Pubs/Way%20Forward/12%20Atti-Mama.pdf &quot;CO-MANAGEMENT IN CONTINENTAL FISHING IN BENIN: THE CASE OF LAKE NOKOUE&quot;] (PDF). ''Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fisheries Co-management''. Archived from [http://pubs.worldfishcenter.org/Pubs/Way%20Forward/12%20Atti-Mama.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2016-11-16.&lt;/ref&gt;Letsha leno le tlamelwa ke Noka ya Ouémé le Noka ya Sô, tse ka bobedi di tsenang mo letsheng leno go tswa mo kgaolong eno yotlhe. &lt;ref&gt;Gadel, F.; Texier, H. (1986-06-01). &quot;Distribution and nature of organic matter in recent sediments of Lake Nokoué, Benin (West Africa)&quot;. ''Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science''. '''22''' (6): 767–784. Bibcode[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986ECSS...22..767G :1986ECSS...22..767G.] doi:[[doi:10.1016/0272-7714(86)90098-3|10.1016/0272-7714(86)90098-3.]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Lake Nokoue NASA.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Nokoue]]
Toropo ya Cotonou e mo molelwaneng o o kafa borwa wa letsha leno. Dikarolo tsa baagi ba Cotonou di ne tsa fudusiwa ke merwalela ya kwa lotshitshing le kwa matsheng. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Bicknell, Jane; Dodman, David; Satterthwaite, David (2012-01-01). [https://books.google.com/books?id=77Kmhw6sVOMC&amp;dq=Lake+Nokou%C3%A9&amp;pg=PA120 ''Adapting Cities to Climate Change: Understanding and Addressing the Development Challenges''.] Earthscan. pp. 120–122. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781849770361|&lt;bdi&gt;9781849770361&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Toropo ya Ganvié e kwa ntlheng ya bokone jwa letsha leno.

== Itsholelo ==
Ka ntlha ya ditshedi tsa yone tse di farologaneng, letsha leno le thusa thata ka dijo le ditiro tsa itsholelo mo ditoropong tseno.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Go thaya ditlhapi go botoka fa metsi a le kwa tlase magareng ga Ngwanatsele le Seetebosigo.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Go thaya ditlhapi gantsi go akaretsa mefuta e le masome a mararo ya ditlhapi, ka ditlhapi tsa malapa a Cichlid, Clupeidae le Penaeidae di dira 85% ya go thaya ditlhapi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ditlhapi di ne tsa simolola go tshwenngwa thata ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990), fa batho ba le bantsi ba ne ba simolola go tshwara ditlhapi mo letsheng. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Go thaya ditlhapi gantsi go dirwa ka diatla, ka dikepe tse dinnye tse di nang le badiri ba ba tshwarang ditlhapi tse dinnye. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Go fopholediwa gore tlhapi e e tlhagisiwang mo letsheng leno ke ditone di le pedi  ka heketara ka ngwaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Yehouenou A Pazou, Elisabeth; Aléodjrodo, Patrick Edorh; Azehoun, Judicaël P.; van Straalen, Nico M.; van Hattum, Bert; Swart, Kees; van Gestel, Cornelis A. M. (2014-01-01). &quot;Pesticide residues in sediments and aquatic species in Lake Nokoué and Cotonou Lagoon in the Republic of Bénin&quot;. ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''. '''186''' (1): 77–86. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3357-2|10.1007/s10661-013-3357-2. I]]SSN 1[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-2959 573-2959.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23942697 23942697.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35119898 35119898]&lt;/ref&gt;

Letsha leno gape le dirisetswa Acadja, mofuta wa lefelo la go godisa ditlhapi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tsa Metsi ==
Letsha leno, ka bontsi, ke lekadiba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Laudelout, A.; Libouis, R. (2008-04-15). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dZTfNfLRUL0C&amp;dq=Lake+Nokou%C3%A9&amp;pg=PA165 &quot;Chapter 12: On the feeding ecology of the pied kingfischer at Lake Nokoue, Benin. Is there competition with fishermen?&quot;.] In Cowx, Ian G. (ed.). ''Interactions Between Fish and Birds: Implications for Management''. John Wiley &amp; Sons. pp. 165–177. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780470995365|&lt;bdi&gt;9780470995365&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;Ka ntlha ya lefelo le le kwa tlase le le dikologileng letsha, go solofetswe gore le tla oketsega go menagane gabedi ka bogolo le go nna le merwalela fa phetogo ya tlelaemete ya lefatshe e ntse e ama selekanyo sa metsi a lewatle ka iketlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Tlhabololo eno e na le kotsi ya salinisation ya isago, e e tla dirang gore letsha la metsi a a foreshe le nne le letswai le go ka nna ga fetola ikholoji ya lone. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa letsha jaanong di fetofetoga magareng ga metsi a a foreshe le a a letswai ka boteng jwa 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Dithemperetšha tse di tlwaelegileng mo letsheng lotlhe di fa gare ga 27 le 29 °C (81 le 84 °F). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Letsha le ke lefelo la go bewa ga dibolayaditshenekegi le dimetale tse di bokete go tswa kwa madirelong a a kwa godimo le kwa batho ba nnang teng. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;Le fa dibolayatshenekegi di le teng fela mo ditlhaping ka selekanyo se se kwa tlase ga se se botlhole,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;dimetale tse di bokete mo metsing di ka fitlha kwa maemong a a sa siamang mo ditlhaping ka bobedi mo bathong le ditlhaping. [ tshupiso e tlhokegang 

== Thutafatshe ==
Boalo jwa letsha ke motswako wa motlhaba, motlhaba wa seretse le seretse. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tikologo ==
Letsha la Nokoué le na le mefuta e ka nna 78 ya ditlhapi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;Mefuta e le mentsi ya dinonyane e dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi jaaka dijo, mmogo le mefuta ya dinonyane tsa otter.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Nkusi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T06:20:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lucrucia98</username>
        <id>12161</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#AWC  2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE  RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA NKUSI</comment>
      <origin>50975</origin>
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      <text bytes="2447" sha1="njm5wnlm0f5uas73qvqr6zv49ll355r" xml:space="preserve">'''Noka ya Nkusi''' e mo kgaolong ya Bunyoro, mo kgaolong ya Bophirima jwa [[Uganda]].

== Lefelo ==
Noka ya Nkusi e simologa mo dithabeng tse di kwa bophirima jwa toropo ya Kakumiro mo Kgaolong ya Kakumiro. E elela kwa bokonebophirima go tsena mo mogobeng gaufi le motse wa Kitoma, mo Kgaolong ya Kibaale. Noka eno e tswa mo mogobeng ono mme e elela go ya kwa bophirima go ya go tsena mo Letsheng la Albert kwa molelwaneng wa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Noka ya Nkusi e kopana le Noka ya Kafu ka nakwana mo mogobeng o o gaufi le Kitoma. Le fa go ntse jalo, Noka ya Kafu e elela go tswa mo mogobeng go ya ntlheng ya bokonebotlhaba mme kgabagare e elela mo Nokeng ya Victoria, gaufi le toropo ya Masindi Port mo Kgaolong ya Masindi.

Motswedi wa noka ya Nkusi o kwa Kakumiro kwa Latitude 0.7955 N, Longitude 31.2190 E. &lt;ref&gt;[https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;source=s_q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=0.7955,+31.2190&amp;aq=&amp;sll=37.0625,-95.677068&amp;sspn=28.334641,56.513672&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=0.778632,31.27636&amp;spn=0.139376,0.351563&amp;t=p&amp;z=12 Location of Source of River Nkusi At Google Maps]&lt;/ref&gt;Noka e tsena mo Letsha la Albert kwa Kigwabya mo Kgaolong ya Kibaale kwa Latitude 1.1195 N, Longitude 30.6670 E.&lt;ref&gt;[https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;source=s_q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=1.1195,+30.6670&amp;aq=&amp;sll=0.778632,31.27636&amp;sspn=0.139376,0.351563&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=1.106289,30.713825&amp;spn=0.069682,0.175781&amp;t=p&amp;z=13 Location of End of River Nkusi At Google Maps]&lt;/ref&gt;Kwa motsweding wa yone, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna 1,334 metres (4,377 ft).&lt;ref&gt;DTC (16 August 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170816235733/https://www.distancesto.com/route-elevation/ug/kampala-to-kakumiro/history/995618.html &quot;Elevation of Kakumiro Town&quot;.] Distancesto.com (DTC). Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017&lt;/ref&gt;Fa e tsena mo Letsheng la Albert, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna 616 metres (2,021 ft).&lt;ref&gt;The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (16 August 2017). [https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Albert &quot;Lake Albert (Africa)&quot;]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 16 August 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Boleele jwa noka ke dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a marataro (160(99 mi).&lt;ref&gt;[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kakumiro%20(Kibale)&amp;toplace=Kigwabya%20(Western%20Province)&amp;fromlat=0.7944444&amp;tolat=1.0833333&amp;fromlng=31.3083333&amp;tolng=30.7666667 Map Showing Kakumiro And Kigwabya With Distance Marker]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letsha la Barombi Koto</title>
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        <id>11091</id>
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      <comment>#AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA  Letsha la Barombi Koto</comment>
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      <text bytes="5119" sha1="6bbrnxzimp2wcsvz6pg331aa7cfoxc7" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Manengouba-Tombel.jpg|thumb|Mo matsheng a mararo a a bonalang, Barombi Koto ke letsha le lennye le le kgolokwe le le kwa borwabophirima.]]
'''Letsha la Barombi Koto''', le le itsegeng gape jaaka '''Letsha la Barombi Kotto''' kgotsa Letsha la '''Barombi-ba-Kotto,''' ke letsha le lennye le le mo moleng wa lekgwamolelo kwa Kgaolong ya Borwabophirima jwa Cameroon. Ke letsha la lekgwamolelo le le nang le bophara jwa dikilometara di ka nna 1.2 . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Corbet, S. A., J. Green, J. Griffith, and E. Betney (1973). ''[http://www.famu.org/mayfly/pubs/pub_c/pubcorbets1973p309.pdf Ecological studies on crater lakes in West Cameroon Lakes Kotto and Mboandong].&lt;sup&gt;[permanent dead link]&lt;/sup&gt;'' Journal of Zoology 170: 309–324&lt;/ref&gt; Setlhaketlhake se sennye se se mo gare se na le baagi ba le bantsi ba Barombi, morafe wa batshwari ba ditlhapi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Melatswana ya Tung Nsuia le Tung Nsuria, nngwe le nngwe e bophara jwa 1 ⁇ 2 m le boteng jwa 0.3 m gaufi le molomo wa yone, ke yone fela e e tsenang mo letsheng, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;mme e a kgala ka paka ya komelelo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Trewavas, E. (1962). ''[http://zfmk.de/BZB/1962/1962%20Trewavas%20E.%20p146.pdf Fishes of the Crater Lakes of the Northwestern Cameroons].&lt;sup&gt;[permanent dead link]&lt;/sup&gt;'' Bonner Zoologische Beitraege 13: 146–190&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saense ya Botshelo ==
Letsha la Barombi Koto gantsi le lebega le le botala jo bosetlha ka gonne le humile ka di-phytoplankton. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Di-invertebrates, di-turtles, le di-aquatic frog Xenopus tropicalis di tlwaelegile mo letsheng, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;e e leng lefelo le le botlhokwa la tshireletso ya dinonyane. &lt;ref&gt;Hughes, R.H., and J.S. Hughes (1992). ''A Directory of African Wetlands.'' Pp. 474–475. ISBN 2-88032-949-3&lt;/ref&gt; Mefuta e le supa ya ditlhapi e itsege go tswa mo letsheng, go akaretsa Enteromius callipterus le Clarias catfish, fa tse dingwe tsotlhe e le di-cichlid: Coptodon kottae, Chromidotilapia guentheri, Hemichromis fasciatus, Pelmatolapia mariae, le Sarotherodon galilaeus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mo go tse, C. guentheri e emelwa ke mofuta wa kwa teng wa C. g. loennbergi, fa C. kottae e le ya kwa teng mo letsheng leno le letsha le lennye la Mboandong. Tshekatsheko e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi ( 2008) e ne ya palelwa ke go netefatsa pharologano ya mofuta wa C. g. loennbergi fa e bapisiwa le C. guentheri kwa mafelong a mangwe, fela H. fasciatus kwa Barombi Koto le Letsha la Mboandong di dinnye thata mme e ka nna mofuta o o sa tlhalosiwang wa selegae. &lt;ref&gt;Stiassny, M.L.J.; A. Lamboj; D. De Weirdt; G.G. Teugels (2008). &quot;Cichlidae&quot;. In M.L.J. Stiassny; G.G Teugels; C.D. Hopkins (eds.). ''The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa / Poissons d'Eaux Douces et Saumâtres de Basee Guinée, Ouest de l'Afrique Centrale''. Vol. 2. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale. pp. 269–403.&lt;/ref&gt;Di-endemic di tshosetswa ke kgotlelo le sedimentation go tswa mo ditirong tsa batho, le &quot;go retologa&quot; ga metsi a letsha ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga dikgwa mo tikologong (seno se ka letla phefo e ntsi, mme letsha le kgaogantswe ka maemo a a kwa tlase a okosejene e e kwa tlase).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Moelants, T. (2010). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/183124/8044577 &quot;''Chromidotilapia guntheri'' ssp. ''loennbergii''&quot;]. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2010''' e.T183124A8044577. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T183124A8044577.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T183124A8044577.en]]. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Moelants, T. (2017). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21898/117222792 &quot;''Coptodon kottae''&quot;]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2017''' e.T21898A117222792. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21898A117222792.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21898A117222792.en.]] Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;Di ka nna tsa tshosetswa ke go ntshiwa ga carbon dioxide go tswa kwa tlase ga letsha (bapisa le Lake Nyos),&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;le fa Barombi Koto e se boteng thata go ka tshola selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa gase eno.&lt;ref&gt;Freeth, S.J.; C.O. Ofoegbu; and K.M. Onuoha (1992). Natural Hazards in West and Central Africa, pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-3-663-05239-5&lt;/ref&gt;

Di-nothobranchiids Aphyosemion bivittatum, Epiplatys sexfasciatus, le Fundulopanchax oeseri, di-poeciliid Procatopus similis, le Barbus callipterus di fitlhelwa mo melatswaneng ya Tung Nsuia le Tung Nsuria. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ditshukudu tsa Bulinus (go akarediwa le B. camerunensis e e batlang e le ya selegae) tse di tshwaeditsweng ke Schistosoma, e e bakang bolwetse jwa bilharzia mo bathong, di teng mo letsheng. &lt;ref&gt;Atemnkeng, A. F., K. J. N. Ndamukong, N. N. Ntonifor, and J. Mbuh (2006). ''[http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jcas/article/viewFile/17724/3716 Life cycle, population dynamics and schistosome infection in Bulinus spp. from a crater lake in the South West Province of Cameroon.]'' Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Science 6(2): 99–105&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Muzizi</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T06:41:46Z</timestamp>
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        <id>12161</id>
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      <comment>#AWC  2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE  RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA MUZIZI</comment>
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      <text bytes="3035" sha1="gaot4x5mvdtgz2459t1xnhwo86love0" xml:space="preserve">'''Noka ya Muzizi''' ke noka ya kwa lefatsheg la [[Uganda]], mo Afrika Botlhaba. E kgaoganya magosi a mabedi a Banyakitara a (Amakama ga) Bunyoro-Kitara le Tooro

== Lefelo ==
Noka ya Muzizi e kwa karolong e e kwa bophirima jwa lefatshe la [[Uganda]]. E simologa mo dithabeng, kwa bokonebophirima jwa toropo ya Mubende mo Kgaolong ya Mubende, Bogare jwa lefatshe la Uganda. E elela kwa ntlheng ya bokone-bophirima go ya go wela mo lotshitshing lwa Muziizi kwa Letsheng la Albert le le itsegeng jaaka Mwitanzige, gaufi le molelwane wa Uganda le [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].

Motswedi wa Noka ya Muzizi o kwa Mubende, ka di-coordinate: Latitude:0.5772; Longitude:31.1950.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;source=s_q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=0.5772,+31.1950&amp;aq=&amp;sll=37.09024,-112.5&amp;sspn=28.334641,90&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=0.57025,31.184177&amp;spn=0.069691,0.175781&amp;t=p&amp;z=13 Location of Source of River Muzizi At Google Maps]&lt;/ref&gt;Noka ya Muzizi e tsena mo Letsheng la Albert kwa Ndaiga, mo Kgaolong ya Kagadi, ka di-coordinate: Latitude:1.0090; Longitude:30.5370.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;source=s_q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=1.0090,+30.5370&amp;aq=&amp;sll=0.57025,31.184177&amp;sspn=0.069691,0.175781&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;ll=1.034204,30.621986&amp;spn=0.069683,0.175781&amp;t=p&amp;z=13 Location of End of River Muzizi At Google Maps]&lt;/ref&gt;Dikilometara di le mmalwa fela kwa botlhaba jwa khansele ya toropo ya Kanara mo kgaolong ya Ntoroko e e bapileng le yone. Noka eno e kgabaganya kgotsa e dira melelwane ya dikgaolo tse di latelang: Kgaolo ya Mubende, Kgaolo ya Kyegegwa, Kgaolo ya Kibaale, Kgaolo ya Kyenjojo, Kgaolo ya Kabarole, Kgaolo ya Kagadi le Kgaolo ya Ntoroko. Kwa motsweding wa yone, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). Fa e tsena mo Letsheng la Albert, bogodimo jwa yone bo ka nna makgolo a marataro le masome a mabedi (620 metres (2,030 ft).

Boleele jwa Noka ya Muzizi ke dikilometara tse di ka nnang lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120 (75 mi) go tswa motsweding go ya molomong.&lt;ref&gt;[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Mubende%20(Mubende)&amp;toplace=Ndaiga%20(Western%20Province)&amp;fromlat=0.5891667&amp;tolat=1.0166667&amp;fromlng=31.36&amp;tolng=30.5833333 Map Showing Mubende And Ndaiga With Distance Marker]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Muzizi ==
Mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le lesome  pele Noka ya Muzizi e tshologela mo Letsha la Albert, e elela go tswa kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di ka nna sekete (1,000 (3,300 ft), kwa godimo ga lewatle go ya kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di ka nna makgolo a supa (700 (2,300 ft) kwa godimo ga lewatle go kgabaganya lekgwamolelo la Muziizi (Ekikonko kya Muziizi) leina la selegae la karolo ya Lekgwamolelo la Albertine. Mo lefelong le, puso ya Uganda, e rulaganyetsa go aga seteišene sa motlakase wa metsi sa 26 MW, se se itsegeng jaaka Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Muzizi. Go solofetswe gore kago e simolole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013), mme go solofetswe gore e tla tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018).</text>
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    <title>Letsha Bermin</title>
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        <id>11091</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA  Letsha Bermin</comment>
      <origin>50988</origin>
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      <text bytes="3377" sha1="8bj0cx0dx5m4wgj4aclck9ooxpstes2" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Cameroon physical map.svg|thumb|Moalo wa Letsha la Bermin]]
'''Letsha la Bermin''' (le ka dinako tse dingwe le bidiwang '''Bemin''' kgotsa '''Beme''') ke letsha le lennye mo kgaolong ya lekgwamolelo kwa Borwa Bophirima jwa Cameroon. Ke letsha la lekgwamolelo le le nang le bophara jwa 700 m (2,300 ft) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Martin; Cutler; Friel; Touokong; Coop; and Wainwright (2015). Complex histories of repeated gene flow in Cameroon crater lake cichlids cast doubt on one of the clearest examples of sympatric speciation. Evolution 69-6: 1406–1422. doi:[[doi:10.1111/evo.12674|10.1111/evo.12674]]&lt;/ref&gt; le lekgwamolelo le le tlhatlogelang kwa bogodimong jwa 46 m (150 ft).&lt;ref&gt;Dickinson, C. (2005). ''[http://www.faas.info/download/pub_awards/2005/011-001.pdf The Tilapia of Lake Bernin, Cameroon.] Archived 2012-03-13 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]'' Modern Aquarium -Greater City A.S. (NY): 15–16&lt;/ref&gt; Letsha le le itlhaotseng thata le na le sebopego se se sekwere, ga le na metsi a a tsenang, mme le na le metsi a a tswelang kwa ntle go ya kwa nokeng ya Cross River. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Schliewen, U.K., Tautz, D., and Pääbo, S. (1994). ''Sympatric speciation suggested by monophyly of crater lake cichlids.'' [[:en:Nature_(journal)|Nature]] 368(6472): 629–632.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Maranyane a  Botshelo ==
Le fa gone e le nnye thata, e na le mefuta e le robongwe ya ditlhapi tsa coptodonine cichlid (C. bakossiorum, C. bemini, C. bythobates, C. flava, C. gutturosa, C. imbriferna, C. snyderae, C. spongotroktis, le C. thysi).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Palo e ya ditlhapi tse di fitlhelwang kwa mafelong a a rileng ke e e kwa godimo go gaisa e e kileng ya begiwa. &lt;ref&gt;Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). ''[http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=519 Western Equatorial Crater Lakes.] Archived 2011-10-05 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]''&lt;/ref&gt; Bosupi jwa pele jwa dijini bo ne jwa akantsha gore gongwe tseno e ne e le ditlamorago tsa go nna mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Dithuto tsa morago di supa gore go na le phallo ya segare ya gene magareng ga di-Bermin cichlids le Cross River C. guineensis, le fa go sa itsege sentle gore a seno se thusitse gore go nne le mefuta e e farologaneng mo setlhopheng sa pele. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ke marang a a sa tswang go tlhagisiwa bosheng jaana. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Thieme, M.L.; R. Abell; N. Burgess; B. Lehner; E. Dinerstein; and D. Olson (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment, pp. 58–60. Island Press. ISBN 1-55963-365-4&lt;/ref&gt;Di tshwana thata ka sebopego sa tsone le popego ya tsone mme di farologana thata ka mokgwa wa go ja, go akaretsa baitseanape ba ba tshwanang le C. spongotroktis ba ba jang dikarolwana tsa di-sponge tse dikgolo tse di golang mo letsheng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;Lake Bermin cichlids ke ditlhapi tse dinnye, ga go na epe e e fetang 14 cm (5.5 in) ka boleele. Ka boleele jo bo ka fitlhang go 5 cm, C. snyderae ke tilapia e nnye e e itsegeng. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Di-Bermin cichlids tsotlhe di mo kotsing ya go nyelela ka ntlha ya kgotlelo le sedimentation go tswa mo ditirong tsa batho, mme gape go ka nna ga nna le kgaso e kgolo ya khabonetaeokosaete (CO2) go tswa kwa tlase ga letsha (bapisa Letšha la Nyos),[8][9][10] le fa Bermin e se boteng thata go ka tshola selekanyo se se kwa godimo thata sa gase eno.[ 2]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Semliki</title>
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      <id>50997</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T07:40:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lucrucia98</username>
        <id>12161</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#AWC  2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE  RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA SEMLIKI</comment>
      <origin>50997</origin>
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      <text bytes="7631" sha1="b5dc21zzm03a86the75f773q6uljlk2" xml:space="preserve">'''Noka ya Semliki''' (French) ke noka e tona ya selekanyo sa lekgolo le masome a mane (140 kilometres (87 mi) ka boleele,&lt;ref&gt;[http://nema-ug.org/atlas/atlas_pollution.pdf &quot;Highlights of the Uganda Atlas of Our Changing Environment, River Semliki – Lake Albert&quot;] (PDF). National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) Uganda. Retrieved 16 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) le Uganda kwa Central le Botlhaba jwa Afrika. E elela go ya kwa bokone go tswa kwa Letsheng la Edward kwa Kgaolong ya Beni, Nord-Kivu, DRC e tila Dithaba tsa Rwenzori ka fa mojeng (Botlhaba), e elela go ya kwa Letsheng la Albert kwa Albertine Rift, Kgaolo ya Irumu, Porofense ya Ituri, DRC e leba kwa Dithabeng tsa Blue go ya kwa molemeng wa yone kwa bophirima. Molomo wa yone o gaufi le Motse wa Katolingo kwa Kanara subcounty, Ntoroko district, [[Uganda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-0.140278,29.601111&amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;t=m&amp;q=-0.140278,29.601111 &quot;Google Maps&quot;.] 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013&lt;/ref&gt;Go bapa le karolo e e kwa tlase ya noka, e tsamaya e le karolo ya molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga DRC le dikgaolo tsa [[Bophirima jwa Uganda]] tsa Bundibugyo le Ntoroko, gaufi le Semuliki National Park.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Tsela e Noka ya Semiliki e Lebegang ka Yone kwa DRC ==
Koketsego ya go gakologa ga kapoko go tswa mo Rwenzoris, go fula thata, le diphetogo tse dingwe tsa metsi di bakile kgogolego ya noka le diphetogo tse di diregang gangwe le gape mo tseleng ya noka e e elelelang kwa tlase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203943/http://www.grida.no/_res/site/file/publications/uganda-atlas/UGatlas_scr_ch3.pdf Transboundary and Cross-Border Environmental Issues: Uganda]'' (PDF). GRID-Arendal. pp. 138–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2013&lt;/ref&gt;Mo mafelong mangwe, [[Uganda]] e latlhegelwa ke dimetara di le lesome (10 (33 ft) tsa lefatshe ka ngwaga mo letlhakoreng la yona la noka ka ntlha ya kgogolego le seretse se se tswang kwa Semliki ka iketlo se tlatsa kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa Letsha la Albert.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;Mo mafelong a mangwe, ke   e e latlhegelwang ke naga jaaka noka e e fetogang e fetola lefelo le le bonalang la molelwane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/changing-river-course-alters-ugandadr-congo-border-1818532.html &quot;Changing River Course Alters Uganda-DR Congo Border&quot;]. ''The Independent''. London. 11 November 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsela ==
Noka ya semliki - molelwane wa Uganda le DRC- 140 kilometres (87 mi) ka boleele, kwa Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) le Uganda kwa Central le East Africa. Go oketsega ga go gakologa ga kapoko go tswa kwa Rwenzoris, go fula go feta tekano, le diphetogo tse dingwe tsa metsi di bakile kgogolego ya noka le diphetogo tse di diregang gangwe le gape mo tseleng ya noka e e itsoketsang e e kwa tlase.

Karolo ya lefelo le noka ya Semliki e elelang mo go lone e e bontshang tsela e lefelo le go dirwang dipatlisiso mo go lone le bopegileng ka yone le karolo ya molelwane wa Uganda le Congo (DRC).

Noka ya Semliki e simologa gaufi le Ishango (DRC) kwa ntlheng e e kwa bokone ya Letsha la Edward mme go ise go ye kae e tsena mo Virunga National Park, e e elelang go ralala karolo e kgolo ya yone e e kwa godimo. Tsela ya A-109 e e fa gare ga Mpondwe (Uganda) le Beni (DRC) e kafa mojeng, ka dinako tse dingwe e gaufi mme ka dinako tse dingwe e le kgakala, jaaka noka e ntse e itsoketsa go ralala phaka. Go se kae kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Beni, noka eno e feta kafa tlase ga tsela ya A-109 mme e bo e tswelela e ya kwa bokone. Ka nako eno, noka e kwa bophirima jwa Thaba ya Baker (Kiyanja) kwa Rwenzori Mountains National Park kwa Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-0.140278,29.601111&amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;t=m&amp;q=-0.140278,29.601111 &quot;Google Maps&quot;.] 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013&lt;/ref&gt; 

Pele noka e tswa mo phakeng, e feta ka fa tlase ga tsela e nngwe e e golaganyang motse wa Oicha kwa DRC le metse ya kwa Semliki Valley kwa bophirima jwa molelwane wa DRC le Uganda le toropo ya Bundibugyo kwa Uganda. Noka eno e tswa kwa Virunga Park mme e elela go ela kwa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa Semuliki National Park (Uganda). Fano noka eno e nna molelwane magareng ga DRC le Uganda, mme e nna e ntse e le molelwane mo karolong e kgolo ya tsela e noka eno e tsamayang ka yone. Fa noka eno e tswa mo Semuliki Park, e atamela Sempaya National Park le Toro Game Reserve, tse di kwa [[Uganda]]. Kwa bokhutlong jwa yone, noka e elela kwa bophirima jwa molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba mme e tsena kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa Letsha la Albert kwa ntlheng ya borwabotlhaba jwa Bunia (DRC).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Batho ==
Ditso tse pedi tse dikgolo mo kgaolong ke batho ba Amba (Baamba, Bwamba) le Bakonjo (Konjo).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Chege, Florence; et al. (2002). [http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/kscdp_final.pdf &quot;Kibale and Semuliki Conservation and Development Project&quot;] (PDF). International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). pp. 21–22. Retrieved 18 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Batho ba kwa Semliki Valley ba akaretsa Batuku, badisa ba dikgomo ba metlhape ya bone e fulang mo mafulong go bapa le noka.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203943/http://www.grida.no/_res/site/file/publications/uganda-atlas/UGatlas_scr_ch3.pdf Transboundary and Cross-Border Environmental Issues: Uganda]'' (PDF). GRID-Arendal. pp. 138–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/kenya/solutions/index.cfm?uProjectID=9F0822 &quot;Semuliki River Catchment and Water Resources Management&quot;.] WWF. Retrieved 18 January 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;Batho ba le mmalwa ba Batwa (Pygmies), bao ka tlwaelo e neng e le batsomi-ba-kokoanyi ba dikgwa, le bona ba nna mo mokgatšheng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Dimela le diphologolo ==
Kwa Semliki National Park, sekgwa seno se tshwana le sekgwa sa noka ya Congo. Cynometra alexandri, e leng mofuta wa ditlhare tsa boboatsatsi, ke yone e e leng teng thata mme e na le ditlhare tse dingwe le dimela tse dingwe tsa mo mogobeng. Pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga mo sekgweng seno sa boboatsatsi e na le palogare ya dimilimetara di le sekete, le makgolo a matlhao(1,500). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Go na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mae ya dinonyane, go akaretsa le di-forest ground-thrush, Sassi's olive greenbul, le mefuta e le robongwe ya hornbill e e nnang mo phakeng, fela jaaka go na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mae le borobabonngwe  ya dirurubele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230117163740/https://www.semulikibutterflies.com/species-records-additions &quot;Species Records and Additions | Semuliki National Park | semulikibutterflies&quot;]. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2023-01-17&lt;/ref&gt;Mo gare ga diamusi tse di mo phakeng go na le ditlou, lengau, katse ya gouta ya Aforika, nare, phokojwe, di-duiker, le di-squirrel tse di fofang tsa mokwatla wa scaly. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Mo tseleng ya yone, Semliki e wela kwa tlase ka makgolo a mararo (300 m (1,000 ft) ka metseletsele ya dinokana, mme seno se kgaoganya mefuta ya ditlhapi tsa Letsha la Edward, tse bontsi jwa tsone di sa bonweng gope go sele, go tswa go tse di fitlhelwang kwa tlase ga noka mo Letsha la Albert (mme ka jalo le Noka ya Nile).&lt;ref&gt;Dumont, H.J. (2009). &quot;A Description of the Nile Basin, and a Synopsis of Its History, Ecology, Biogeography, Hydrology, and Natural Resources&quot;. In H.J. Dumont (ed.). ''The Nile''. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Springer Science + Business Media B.V. pp. 1–21. ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;978-1-4020-9725-6&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lekadiba la Volta</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>51018</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T09:20:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya Lekadiba la Volta #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>51018</origin>
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      <text bytes="10950" sha1="enlm59nhfpyzkp1sjpnwhye1gh0vtmx" xml:space="preserve">'''Lekadiba la Volta''' (ka teme ya seFora:Lac Volta), lekadiba le letona go gaisa otlhe a a ikagetsweng ka bophara mo lefatsheng lothle, le kwa [[Letamo la Akosombo|letamong la Akosombo]] le le fetlhang motlakase o montsi kwa [[Ghana]]. Le mo lefatsheng la Ghana lotlhe, ka bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabobedi, makgolo a matlhano le bobedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Volta &quot;Lake Volta | lake, Ghana&quot;.] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2026-06-19.&lt;/ref&gt; Le tswa kwa Akosombo kwa borwa go ya bokone jwa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/ &quot;Lake Volta, Ghana]&quot;. ''Visible Earth''. NASA. 7 April 2002. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190830165918/https://www.mcqspoint.com/general-knowledge/largest-tallest-biggest-of-universe.html &quot;Largest, Tallest, Biggest, Shortest&quot;.] ''McqsPoint''. Archived from [https://www.mcqspoint.com/general-knowledge/largest-tallest-biggest-of-universe the origina]l on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Popego ==
Lekadiba la Volta le mo prime meridian, kwa bokone jwa Equator. Bokone jwa lekadiba bo gaufi le toropo ya Yapei, fa borwa jwa lone bo le kwa letamong la Akosombo, dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a mabedi go tswa kwa Yapei, Letamo la Akosombo le kganela dinoka tsa [[White Volta]] le [[Black Volta]] tse pele di neng di kopana kwa lefelong le jaanong le apesitsweng ke lekadiba go tlhama [[noka ya Volta]]. Noka ya Volta ya gompieno e elelela go tswa kwa letamong le mesele e e tshelang kwa lewatleng la Indian kwa borwa jwa Ghana.

Ditlhaketlhake tse dikgolo kwa lekadibeng ke tsa Dodi, Dwarf le Kporve.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101031061059/http://ip-173-201-6-90.ip.secureserver.net/african-destinations/west-africa/ghana/tours/dodi-island-2-days &quot;Dodi Island cruises&quot;]. ''secureserver.net''. Archived from [http://ip-173-201-6-90.ip.secureserver.net/african-destinations/west-africa/ghana/tours/dodi-island-2-days the original] on 2010-10-31.&lt;/ref&gt; Digya National Park e kwa bontlheng jwa lotshitshi lwa lekadiba.

== Ditso ==
Lekadiba le tlhamilwe ke [[letamo la Akosombo]], le pele le neng le akantswe ke moitseanape wa majwe Albert Ernest Kitson ka nako ya bokolone jwa Britain ka 1915, go dirisa kgothetso ya noka go nyerolola bauxite e e neng e tswa mo gae. Kakanyo e ne ya tlhaga gape fa bokolone bo ya bokhutlong morago ga ntwa ya bobedi ya mafatshe fa Kwame Nkrumah a nna tautona wa kolone ya Gold Coast a simolola go lwela go ntshafatsa lefatshe. Dipuso tsa mo gae le tsa britain di ne tsa dira lekgotla le le kopaneng la dipaakanyo, le le neng la fetsa ka gore batho ba le dikete di le masome marataro ba tlaa tshwanelwa ke go fudusiwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, lekgotla le ne la supa gape fa lekadiba le tlaa tokafatsa ditshono tsa go tshwara ditlhapi, ka jalo la thusa go jesa batho kwa kgaolong eo. Mo ntlheng e nngwe, mathata a malwetsi a metsi a ne a belaelwa fa a tlaa nna teng, a tshwana le malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis le onchocerciasis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Miescher, Stephan F. (2021-10-01). [https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/150/4/124/107369/Ghana-s-Akosombo-Dam-Volta-Lake-Fisheries-amp &quot;Ghana's Akosombo Dam, Volta Lake Fisheries &amp; Climate Change&quot;.] ''Daedalus''. '''150''' (4): 124–142. doi:[https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/150/4/124/107369/Ghana-s-Akosombo-Dam-Volta-Lake-Fisheries-amp 10.1162/daed_a_01876.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Kompone e e neng e le yone e e emeng porojeke nokeng thata ya Aluminium Limited, e ne ya ikgogela morago, morgo ga gore lefatshe la Ghana le tseye boipuso ka 1957. Mananeo a masha a ne a tlogela kakanyo ya mohama wa aluminium o o kopaneng, mme ga ntshiwa kakanyo ya gore go nyerolosiwa bauxite e e rekilweng. Kompone ya Kaiser Aluminum e ne ya tsena mo porojekeng ka nako e, morago ga dipuisano ka lobaka, go ne ga bonwa madi a a tlaa thusang porojeke, mme jaanong go sa lebelelwe baagi ba lefelo le le amegang e le tsela ya go fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa. Kago e ne ya simologa pele ga puso e simola go rulaganya phuduso ya bone. Moragonyana, go ne ga tlhamiwa lekgotla la puso, ga rulaganngwa kago ya ditoropo di le masome masome matlhano le bobedi tse batho ba tlaa fudusediwang kwa go tsone, tse go neng go ikaelelwa gore di tlaa nna sekao sa go ntshafatsa le go tokafatsa matshelo a batho ba mo gae. Mme ka ntlha ya lobelo, phuduso e ne ya baka bothata mo bathong ba mo gae, mo mathata a, a neng a tswelela le morago ga porojeke e sena go fela.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Malwapa a le dikete di le lesome le botlhano mo metseng e le makgolo a supa, le masome a mane a ne a tsewa ke morwalela, se sa gwetlha gore batho ba le dikete di le masome a supa le borobabobedi ba fudusiwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mo tsamaong ya nako, go tlhamiwa ga lekadiba go ne ga kgoreletsa go tshwara ditlhapi le ditsela tsa temothuo kwa kgaolong eo ga baka go ya godimo ga malwetse. Go ntshafatsa lefatshe ga puso go ne ga seka ga kgonega, batho ba tshwanelwa ke go tlwaela diemo tse disha ka bo bone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;  Le fa go ntse jalo, go dira dijo mo kgaolong go ne ga atologa mo dingwageng tse di lesome morago ga kago ya letamo la Akosombo, lekadiba le ne la bula tsela e e tsamaegang kwa bokone jwa ledatshe la dira le ditshono tse disha tsa go tlhabolola bojanala. Mo ntlheng e nngwe, seelo sa metsi se ntse se ya kwa tlase ka ntlha ya go gotela ga lefatshe, se se fokotsa go fetlha motlakase.&lt;ref&gt;Gyau-Boakye, P. (2001). &quot;Environmental impacts of the Akosombo Dam and effects of climate change on the lake levels&quot;. ''Environment, Development and Sustainability''. '''3''' (1): 17–29. doi:[https://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1011402116047 10.1023/A:1011402116047.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Itsholelo ==
Letamo la Akosombo le ntsha motlakasewa dimegawatts di le makgolo a robabongwe lesome le bobedi, le bo le isa o mongwe kwa Togo, Benin le mafatshe a a mabapi, ka jalo le amogela dituelo tsa go rekisetsa mafatshe a mangwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Lekadiba la Volta le bolthokwa gape mo go tsa dipalamo, go dira tsela ya metsi e e tsamayang dikepe tsa bapalami le dithoto. Ka lekadiba le letona le le le mo kgaolong e e boboatsatsi, metsi a nna a le bothitho ngwaga otlhe. Fa le okamelwa sentle, lekadiba la Volta le na le ditlhapi tse dintsi.

Lekadiba le gape le kgatlha bajanala, dikepe tsa bajanala di etela setlhaketlhake sa Dodi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Setlhaketlhake sa Didi ke lefelo le le nang le bojanala jo bontsi jwa Ghana fa e sale se tlhamiwa ka 1961 morago ga kago ya lekadiba la Volta. Ka ngwaga wa 2011, lekgotla le le okametseng noka ya Volta le ne la ntsha didkadike di le pedi lebotlhano tsa madi a di dolara go tlhabolola setlhaketlhake sa Dodi le kgonagalo ya sone ya bojanala ka kompone ya boroko ya Volta Hotels Limited.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/news/362342/vra-votes-25m-for-dodi-island-eco-tourism-development.html &quot;VRA votes 2.5m for Dodi Island eco-tourism development&quot;.] ''Modern Ghana''. Ghanaian Times. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Ditlhabololo tsa mo bosheng di akaretsa dikgwebo tse ditona tsa go roba logong lo lo kwa tlase ga metsi mo dikgweng tse di apesitsweng ke metsi kwa tlase ga lekadiba la Volta. Porojeke e,e  roba logong lo lo thata lwa maemo a ntlha kwa ntle ga go tlhoka go senya sekgwa se se teng, go ya ka Wayne Dunn, e ka ntsha motswedi o motona wa logong mo lefatsheng ka bophara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120304011055/http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/bmag/sbsm0711/feature-harvest.html &quot;Harvesting an Underwater Forest&quot;.] Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Fa godimo ga go dira letseno la madi a mafatshe a sele mo kgaolong le go fokotsa go ikaega ka go tshwara ditlhapi ga beng gae e le tirelo ya itsholelo, go ntshiwa ga ditlhare tse di nwetseng go tokafatsa go tsamaya mo lekadibeng le go tokafatsa pabalesego.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Bana ba ka nna palo ya kakanyetso ya dikete di supa go tsena di le lesome ba bereka mo mohameng wa ditlhapi kwa lekadibeng la Volta. Mokgwa wa go bereka ga bone o supilwe e le bokgoba ke pampiri ya The Guardian&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/mar/22/sarahleft &quot;Sons for Sale&quot;]. ''www.theguardian.com''. 22 March 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; le porojeke ya CNN Freedom. Betty Mensah le moithuti Samuel Okyere ba supile fa se e le go shakgatsa bababdi ka gore bontsi jwa banana, ba madi a bone a neelwang batsadi ba bone kwa pele, ba gola ba nna batshwari ba ditlhapi ba ba itshetletseng fa ba gola le bone ba thape bana ba bone go nna bathusi ba bone. Ba fetsa ka gore bana ba le bantsi ba ka tswa ba sa duelwe sentle mme fela ga ba a diriwa makgoba.&lt;ref&gt;Okyere, Samuel (18 March 2019). [https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/3/18/how-cnn-reported-on-child-slaves-who-were-not-really-enslaved/ &quot;How CNN reported on 'child slaves' who were not really enslaved&quot;]. ''AlJazeera''. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66122058/ &quot;Ghanaian children wrongly taken in raids backed by US charity IJM&quot;.] ''BBC News''. July 10, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dipetso tsa tlholego le ditiragalo tsa pabalesego ==
Ka Phalane a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 2025, kotsi ya mokoro e ne ya diragala kwa lekadibeng la Volta gaufi le Kete Krachi kwa kgaolong ya Oti, ya baka dintsho tsa batho ba le lesome le botlhano. Mokoro o monnye wa bapalami, o tswa kwa Okuma go ya Bovime, o menogile ka nako ya bongwe e fetilwe ke metsotso e le masome a mararo. Ditshekatsheko tsa lekgotla la dikepe le mekoro kwa Ghana di supile fa mokoro o ne o pegile palo e ntsi, e feta seelo sa one.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general/gma-kete-krachi/2025/ &quot;Ghana Maritime Authority confirms fatal Volta Lake boat disaster near Kete Krachi&quot;.] 2025-10-13. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt;

Batho ba ba tlhokafetseng ba ne ba akaretsa bana ba le lesome le motso (ba dingwaga tse pedi go stena di le lesome le bone) le bagolo ba le bane (bomme ba le bararo le monna a le mongwe, ba dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi go tsena masome a marataro le bone). Bagolo ba bangwe ba le bane ba ne ba falola tiragalo. Mebele ya batswasetlhabelo ba le lesome le bobedi e ne ya isiwa kwa Kete Krachi le mmoshara wa septalea sa puso sa Worawora. GMA e ne ya dira ditshekatsheko tse di tseneletseng la bo la itlama go gagamatsa melao kwa lekadibeng go thibela dikotsi mo isagong.
[[Setshwantsho:Volta lake from the Saint Barbara Church.JPG|thumb|1050x1050px|Setshwantsho se se ikadileng sa lekadiba la Volta kwa Ghana: Lekadiba la Volta ke lone le letona ka bophara mo lefatsheng lotlhe.]]


== Dinepe ==
[[Setshwantsho:Ferry Lake Volta.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|Sekepe mo lekadbeng la Volta]]
[[Setshwantsho:Volta Lake, Sogakope 2.jpg|thumb|150x150px|Setshwantsho sa lekadiba la Volta]]
[[Setshwantsho:Lake Volta Ghana.jpg|center|thumb|150x150px|Senepe sa lekadiba la Volta]]

== Ditshedimotsetso tse dingwe ==

* [[Lekadiba la Kariba]], lekadiba le letona mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka seelo

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Go tlhatsa ga Letamo la Akosombo ga 2023</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>51024</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T09:43:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya Go tlhatsa ga Letamo la Aksombo ga 2023 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
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      <text bytes="6356" sha1="0wov6wjcr1sbawurbsuila72n4rr85e" xml:space="preserve">'''Morwalela wa go tlhatsa ga letamo la Akosombo''' ke morwalela o o bakilweng ke go tlala mo go feteletseng ya noka mo go diragetseng kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Ghana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.citinewsroom.com/2023/10/akosombo-dam-spillage-we-wont-leave-anyone-behind-vra-assures-affected-residents/ &quot;Akosombo Dam spillage: We won't leave anyone behind – VRA assures affected residents&quot;]. ''Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana''. 2023-10-16. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231023201646/https://citinewsroom.com/2023/10/akosombo-dam-spillage-we-wont-leave-anyone-behind-vra-assures-affected-residents/ Archived] from the original on 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.crisis24.com/risk-alerts &quot;Ghana: Disruptions due to flooding ongoing in southeastern regions as of Oct. 17&quot;.] ''Ghana: Disruptions due to flooding ongoing in southeastern regions as of Oct. 17 | Crisis24''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231023201645/https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2023/10/ghana-disruptions-due-to-flooding-ongoing-in-southeastern-regions-as-of-oct-17 Archived] from the original on 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt; Se ke ka ntlha ya go tsholola metsi mo go laolwang ga [[letamo la Akosombo]] le [[letamo la Kpong]] ke lekgotla le le okametseng [[noka ya Volta]] go rarabolola go ya kwa godimo ga seelo sa metsi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vra.com/media/2023/Controlled-Spillage-from-the-Akosombo-Dam-and-Kpong-Dam.php &quot;Volta River Authority | News - Controlled Spillage of Water from the Akosombo Dam and Kpong Dam&quot;]. ''www.vra.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231023201646/https://www.vra.com/media/2023/Controlled-Spillage-from-the-Akosombo-Dam-and-Kpong-Dam.php Archived] from the original on 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt;

Go ya ka dikgang tsa BBC, se se bakileng morwalela e ne e le dipula tse dintsi tse di neleng kwa Ghana ka ngwaga wa 2023 mo go neng ga baka koketsego ya metsi mo matamong a mabedi ao mo go neng ga baka gore lekgotla le le okametseng noka ya Volta le simolole go laola tshololo ya metsi a letamo ka Lwetse 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67147541 &quot;Ghana floods: 'My entire farm is under the water and so is my house'&quot;.] ''BBC News''. 2023-10-18. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022155312/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67147541 Archived f]rom the original on 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tse di diragetseng pele ==
[[Setshwantsho:Akosombo Dam is spilling water, Ghana.JPG|thumb|Go tlhatsa ga letamo la Aksombo ka 2010]]
[[Letamo la Akosombo]] le na le seelo sa go baya metsi sa dikhimithara di le dibilone di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano, seelo se se letlelesegang go berekisiwa ke sa makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borataro.&lt;ref&gt;Etefe, Juliet (2023-10-17). [https://thebftonline.com/2023/10/17/akosombo-dam-spillage-a-necessary-evil/ &quot;Akosombo Dam spillage: a necessary evil&quot;.] [[:en:Business_and_Financial_Times|''Business and Financial Times''.]] Accra, Ghana. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022225937/https://thebftonline.com/2023/10/17/akosombo-dam-spillage-a-necessary-evil/ Archived] from the original on 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ntlha ya ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, lefatshe la Ghana le ntse le itemogela koketsego ya dipula, mo go bakang koketsego ya seelo  sa metsi go ya kwa godimo go feta seelo se se dirisiwang.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/frequently-asked-questions-about-akosombo-reservoir-spillage.html &quot;Why is the Akosombo Dam Reservoir spilling water&quot;.] [[:en:Daily_Graphic_(Ghana)|''Daily Graphic''.]] Accra, Ghana. 16 October 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231023204944/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/frequently-asked-questions-about-akosombo-reservoir-spillage.html Archived] from the original on 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt; Go tlhoka go tsholola metsi go ka baka go retelelwa ga letamo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/akosombo-dam-spillage-i-am-traumatised-i-cant-even-eat-businessman-who-lost-about-200k/ &quot;Akosombo Dam spillage: 'I am traumatised, I can't even eat' - Businessman who lost about ¢200k - MyJoyOnline&quot;.] ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2023-10-21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022100832/https://www.myjoyonline.com/akosombo-dam-spillage-i-am-traumatised-i-cant-even-eat-businessman-who-lost-about-200k/ Archived f]rom the original on 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt;  Lenaneo la go tsholola metsi le simolotse ka Lwetse a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2023, go tshololwa selekanyo sa dikete di le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le boraro ka letsatsi. Go ne ga okediwa gape ka Phalane a robabongwe ngwaga wa 2023 ka ntlha ya go tswelela ka go tlhatloga ga metsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ditlamorago ==
Go tlhatsa go ne ga baka phuduso ya batho ba le dikete di robabobedi mo metseng e robabobedi mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Volta, motse wa Mepe ke one o o neng o amegile thata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dipalo di oketsegile go nna dikete di le masome a mararo le motso&lt;ref&gt;Mensah, K. (2023-10-21)[https://asaaseradio.com/nadmo-31000-displaced-so-far-after-akosombo-dam-spillage/ . &quot;NADMO: 31,000 displaced so far after Akosombo Dam spillage&quot;]. ''Asaase Radio''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231023192005/https://asaaseradio.com/nadmo-31000-displaced-so-far-after-akosombo-dam-spillage/ Archived] from the original on 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt; ka Phalane a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 2023.Palo ya batho ba ba amegileng ba akaretsa bana, e oketsegile go nna dikete di le makgolo a mararo le botlhano, makgolo a robabobedi, masome  a matlhano le bosupa ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2023.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.unicef.org/ghana/blog/akosombo-dam-spillage &quot;The Akosombo Dam Spillage&quot;]. 17 November 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240712131704/https://www.unicef.org/ghana/blog/akosombo-dam-spillage Archived] from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Metse e e amilweng ke merwalela e akaretsa; dikgaolo tsa bokone, legare le borwa jwa Tongu kwa kgaolong ya Volta, ga mmogo le kgaolo ya Asuogyaman kwa botlhaba. Dikgaolo tsa Tefle, Wume, Sokpoe le metse e mengwe mo lotshitshing lwa noka le tsone di amilwe ke morwalela, batho ba le makgolo a matlhano jaanong ga ba na bonno. Metse e mengwe jaaka Alikekope, Agorme le Agbave e nyeletse gotlhelele.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letamong la Kpong</title>
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    <id>13759</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51032</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T10:29:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Kpong #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
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      <text bytes="3039" sha1="o7sptzdynrnjdzfnt0omdc7g6qtcomi" xml:space="preserve">'''Letamo la Kpong''', le gape le bidiwang '''letamo la Akuse''', ke letamo le go fetlhiwang motlakase kwa go lone kwa tlase ga [[noka ya Volta]] gaufi le Akuse kwa [[Ghana]]. Le okametswe ke lekgotla le le okametseng noka ya Volta.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.myjoyonline.com/akosombo-dam-could-serve-ghana-for-another-50-years-if-well-maintained-kweku-awotwi/ &quot;Akosombo Dam could serve Ghana for another 50 years if well maintained – Kweku Awotwi - MyJoyOnline.com&quot;.] ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt; Le agilwe ka 1977 go tsena 1982. Motshine wa lone o o fetlhang motlakase o na le seelo sa dimegawatts di le lekgolo, masome a mane le borobabobedi fa metshine yotlhe e bereka, le ntswa seelo sotlhe e le dimegawatts di le lekgolo le masome a marataro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://vraghana.com/404 &quot;Kpong Hydro Plant&quot;.] Volta River Authority. Retrieved 19 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Porojeke e, e eme nokeng go fetlhiwa ga motlakase kwa letamong la Akosombo, ka go nyerolosiwa ga aluminium kwa VALCO kwa Tema.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Porojeke e dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le bone kwa tlase ga [[letamo la Akosombo]], le dikhilomithara di le masome a robabobedi go tswa kwa toropokgolo [[Accra]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213241/http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P000854/kpong-hydroelectric-project?lang=en &quot;Projects: Kpong Hydroelectric Project&quot;.] World Bank. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2026-06-19&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka letangwana kwa godimo le le lennye, motshine o o bereka ka go nna go sena metsi mo letangwaneng, kelelo ya metsi e laolwa kwa letamong la Akosombo. Pitsa e, e bereka ka dimithara di le lesome le motso, mo go neng ga batla  di metshine tse ditona. Motshine o motona o boleele jwa dimithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le borobabobedi, bophara jwa dimithara di le masome a mane, le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le masome a marataro le bone. Letamo le legolo le agilwe ka mmu le majwe le le dimithara di le lesome le borobabobedi go ya kwa godimo, di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane boleele. Disireletsi mo lotshitshing lwa noka di dimithara di le dikete pedi, le lekgolo le dikete tharo le makgolo a matlhano. Tselana e e tshololang metsi e ntsha metsi a bokete jwa dimithara di le dikete di le masome a mabedi ka sephatlo sa motsotso ka dikgoro di le lesoome le botlhano, le boleele kwa dimithara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.impregilo.it/en/kpong-hydroelectric-plant &quot;Kpong Hydroelectric Plant&quot;]. Impregilo. Retrieved 2026-06-19.&lt;/ref&gt; Kompone e e neng e filwe konteraka ya go aga porojeke e, ke kompone ya Impreligo ya kwa [[Italia|Italy]]. Tse dingwe tsa porojeke e di akaretsa switch yard le megala ya motlakase, metse e le mene e agilwe go direla batho ba ba fudusitsweng bonno, go dirilwe le ditsela.

Fa godimo ga go fetlha motllakase, porojeke e ntsha metsi a a nosetsang mo go tsa temothuo, le go isa metsi kwa ditirelong tsa mmasepala. Bolwetse jwa bilharzia ke sekgoreletsi sa botsogo mo kgaolong e fa e sale go agiwa letamo.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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