Wikipidiya trvwiki https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwahan_patas MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Meyti Kingal nanaq Mpprngaw Empduuy Pprngagun empduuy Wikipidiya Pprngagun Wikipidiya Patas bntasan Pprngagun patas bntasan MeytiWiki Pprngagun MeytiWiki Snluan qcinuh Pprngagun snluan qcinuh Dmayaw Pprngagun dmayaw Snakun Snakun pprngagun TimedText TimedText talk 模組 模組討論 Event Event talk 0 118 108302 107095 2026-04-26T14:13:42Z T20854 2961 108302 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Aus vs jpn 2009-3.JPG|縮圖]][[Patas bntasan:Flag of Australia.svg|thumb|Kwoci ''Awdariya'' (澳大利亞國旗)|alt=Flag of Australia.svg]] [[Patas bntasan:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|thumb|upright|Kwohway (國徽)]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia Topography Map-sr.svg|frameless|right]] [[Patas bntasan:Koala climbing tree.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Darwin 6414.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Road Train Australia.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:The University of Sydney's Main Quadrangle.jpg|縮圖]] = Australia（澳大利亞） = [[Patas bntasan:Sydney opera house and skyline.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Algeria CIA map.png|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australian soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment conducts a foot patrol during exercise Talisman Sabre 2007.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-Timezones-Standard.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-climate-map MJC01 1.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-Timezones-Daylight.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:ANZAC Parade from the Australian War Memorial, Canberra ACT.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Melbourne Docklands Panorama old and new (40125070352).jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Melbourne docklands twilight.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Sydney opera house side view.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:ACDC-Hughes-long ago.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Parkville - University of Melbourne (Ormond College).jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Rod Laver Arena 20Jan2016.JPG|縮圖]] Gaga kska Tayangcow ka [[Australia]], 27 00 S, 133 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 7,741,220 sq km（hangan na o Tg6） (knlbanga dxgal o 7,682,300 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 58,920 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 22,992,654 hiyi. Gaga [[Canberra]] ka pusu [[alang paru]], jiyax 26 idas 1 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Australia ga wada sugan 53.40% ka dxgal qpahan, 19.30% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 27.30% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Elizabeth II, pnaah hngkawas1952 idas 2 jiyax 6pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ == Kika pusu bi paru alang dha ka hini(首都） == [[Patas bntasan:As-map.png|thumb|upright|Pusu paru alang ''Kanpera''(首都坎培拉)|alt=]] == ★Pskari quri saw  ''Guochi''（國旗說明） == https://web.archive.org/web/20170605043714/http://www.dpmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-flag == Jiyax mqqaras klwaan（國慶) == 26Jiyax 1Idas. == Jiyax tnumal Reynhekwo(加入聯合國日期) == 24 jiyax 10 idas 1945 hngkwasan. == Pusu kari(語言) == Ungac pusu bi tnkingal kari ka ''Awco'' nii, kiya ka kiya ni niqan ka tndha luhay bi kari, skari ''Arimika'' ka pusu kari dha. Niqan ka 「''Aws'' (澳式) kari ''Arimika''」 uri, duma ini hari tna ka matas, kari ni hngak uri, nii ka kingal nanaq ni wana hini niqan ka kari hyaan. Saw bi ”G’day mate”，”Ta” ririh na o 「Mhuway su balay」,「Swayay ta han」tduwa skari  ”See ya” uri,  rmngaw kari ka seejiq ''Awco'' qnbahang dha kdjiyax ka ”No worries”, ririh na o 「Iya qsiqa, Iya slhbun, Anay niya, Saw kiya.」 == Pusu nniqan(首都) == [[Patas bntasan:Canberra Montage.png|thumb|Alang Kanpera(坎培拉)]] ''Kanpera'' (坎培拉) == Kana dxgal klwaan(國土面積) == 7,692,024 m² == Nniqan(地理位置) == [[Patas bntasan:Australia Topography Map-sr.svg|thumb|Hnigan nniqan ''Awco''(澳洲地形圖)]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia with AAT (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay(自然地理位置)]] Gaga mniq ''Taypingyang'' gqiyan hidaw hunac. == Sejiqan(人口) == Yabi 2,500 ''Wan'' seejiq. == Snhiyun(宗教） == Pnrhulan ''joro'', Pnrhulan ''Tyeyncuciaw (天主教), Inkwokwociaw (英國國教).'' == Ddiyun dha pila(幣制) == Pila: Pila ''Aowco（Australian Dollar, A$)'' == Tyeynya（電壓） == 220-240 ''Fute.'' == Pusu sinbung（主要媒體） == Kana ''sinpung'' klwaan dha o niqan 「''Awco-cenpaw (澳洲人報)''」(The Australian) ni 「''Awco-cingrong-pingrung-paw (澳洲金融評論報)''」(The Australian Financial Review),「''Syueyri-cengfung-paw (雪梨晨鋒報)''」(Sydney Morning Herald), pusu bi ''sinbung'' o niqan 「''Kanpera-s-paw (坎培拉時報)''」(The Canberra Times) ni ''Moerpen''「''Stay-paw''」(The Age)、「Siawcen-paw ''(西澳人報 )''」(The West Australian) dnii... == Radio ni Tribi(廣播及電視台) == Ruwan ''Kongkong-tyenstay'' o niqan ''Awco'' radio uri(ABC) ni Tribi tnpusu seejiq (National Indigenous Television) uri, uxay uri o niqan ka WIN TV, Prime TV, The Golden West Network, NBN Television dnii... == Pnhyugan klwaan ni Ris (建國簡史/歷史概況) == 17 s''ci congyey'' plealay bi qntaan sejiqun ''Heran'' ka dxgal ''Awco'' nii, hngkawas 1788 ''Inkwo Haycung Feylipu''（Arthur Phillip）mdudul seejiq asu nii o, balay bi shangan ''Inkwo-ciawc Sans'' mrmux dxgal ''Awco'' ni psnhiya kana ka klwaan ''Awco'' nii ka ''Inkwo'' nii da. 19 ''sci'' pseanaq mataru klgan ''cming'' dxgal ni sapah thowlang dha, hngkawas 1901 mataru klgan sapah thowlang nii o, babaw da balay bi pnhiyug ''Awdariya'' da. Kiya ka kiya ni I''n-wan'' o mdudul klwaan dha da. ''Awco'' hini sayang o pusu bi ruwan ''Tainkwosyey(大英國協)'' uri da. Hngkawas 1965, mdudul klwaan Cineyya Duer mnrmuxankika quri saw Neycng ni, kika sknaqih ka Kwansi dhaFakwo da, asi dhuq hngkawas 1975 do thuway maludungan. Hngkawas 1970 idas 11 seejiq Putawya mnruxan Cineyya, mnddulan bi sejiqan Cineyya pnhyugan kingal bgurahCngfu, kiya ka kiya ni ini baka ka biyax dha. Hngkawas 1978 idas 12, pnryuhan ka hangan klwaan「Cineyya-jnming-kunghekwo」. Dhuq hngkawas 1984 idas 4, pnryuhan duri sun dha 「Cineyya-Kunghukwo」. Hngkawas 1984 idas 3 jiyax 26 gaga meydang ka Duer, Lansana．Kungtay mniq saw kingal Cuns-weyuahweybiyax bi mdulun dha miyah mlutuc hiya, kiya ka pnhyuganka tgdha Kunghekwo dha. == Pnyahan pnataas(參考資料） == [[Snakun:Truku]] * [https://www.cia.gov/ CIA] * [https://www.mofa.gov.tw/Default.aspx 外交部] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government] * https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A<nowiki/>(參考中文維基百科) <br /> a4mab1dqc483hepaarbvia1tmlpz8ey 108303 108302 2026-04-26T14:14:52Z T20854 2961 108303 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Flag of Australia.svg|thumb|Kwoci ''Awdariya'' (澳大利亞國旗)|alt=Flag of Australia.svg]] [[Patas bntasan:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|thumb|upright|Kwohway (國徽)]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia Topography Map-sr.svg|frameless|right]] [[Patas bntasan:Koala climbing tree.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Darwin 6414.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Road Train Australia.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:The University of Sydney's Main Quadrangle.jpg|縮圖]] = Australia（澳大利亞） = [[Patas bntasan:Sydney opera house and skyline.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Algeria CIA map.png|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australian soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment conducts a foot patrol during exercise Talisman Sabre 2007.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-Timezones-Standard.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-climate-map MJC01 1.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-Timezones-Daylight.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:ANZAC Parade from the Australian War Memorial, Canberra ACT.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Melbourne Docklands Panorama old and new (40125070352).jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Melbourne docklands twilight.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Sydney opera house side view.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:ACDC-Hughes-long ago.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Parkville - University of Melbourne (Ormond College).jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Rod Laver Arena 20Jan2016.JPG|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Aus vs jpn 2009-3.JPG|縮圖]] Gaga kska Tayangcow ka [[Australia]], 27 00 S, 133 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 7,741,220 sq km（hangan na o Tg6） (knlbanga dxgal o 7,682,300 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 58,920 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 22,992,654 hiyi. Gaga [[Canberra]] ka pusu [[alang paru]], jiyax 26 idas 1 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Australia ga wada sugan 53.40% ka dxgal qpahan, 19.30% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 27.30% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Elizabeth II, pnaah hngkawas1952 idas 2 jiyax 6pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ == Kika pusu bi paru alang dha ka hini(首都） == [[Patas bntasan:As-map.png|thumb|upright|Pusu paru alang ''Kanpera''(首都坎培拉)|alt=]] == ★Pskari quri saw  ''Guochi''（國旗說明） == https://web.archive.org/web/20170605043714/http://www.dpmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-flag == Jiyax mqqaras klwaan（國慶) == 26Jiyax 1Idas. == Jiyax tnumal Reynhekwo(加入聯合國日期) == 24 jiyax 10 idas 1945 hngkwasan. == Pusu kari(語言) == Ungac pusu bi tnkingal kari ka ''Awco'' nii, kiya ka kiya ni niqan ka tndha luhay bi kari, skari ''Arimika'' ka pusu kari dha. Niqan ka 「''Aws'' (澳式) kari ''Arimika''」 uri, duma ini hari tna ka matas, kari ni hngak uri, nii ka kingal nanaq ni wana hini niqan ka kari hyaan. Saw bi ”G’day mate”，”Ta” ririh na o 「Mhuway su balay」,「Swayay ta han」tduwa skari  ”See ya” uri,  rmngaw kari ka seejiq ''Awco'' qnbahang dha kdjiyax ka ”No worries”, ririh na o 「Iya qsiqa, Iya slhbun, Anay niya, Saw kiya.」 == Pusu nniqan(首都) == [[Patas bntasan:Canberra Montage.png|thumb|Alang Kanpera(坎培拉)]] ''Kanpera'' (坎培拉) == Kana dxgal klwaan(國土面積) == 7,692,024 m² == Nniqan(地理位置) == [[Patas bntasan:Australia Topography Map-sr.svg|thumb|Hnigan nniqan ''Awco''(澳洲地形圖)]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia with AAT (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay(自然地理位置)]] Gaga mniq ''Taypingyang'' gqiyan hidaw hunac. == Sejiqan(人口) == Yabi 2,500 ''Wan'' seejiq. == Snhiyun(宗教） == Pnrhulan ''joro'', Pnrhulan ''Tyeyncuciaw (天主教), Inkwokwociaw (英國國教).'' == Ddiyun dha pila(幣制) == Pila: Pila ''Aowco（Australian Dollar, A$)'' == Tyeynya（電壓） == 220-240 ''Fute.'' == Pusu sinbung（主要媒體） == Kana ''sinpung'' klwaan dha o niqan 「''Awco-cenpaw (澳洲人報)''」(The Australian) ni 「''Awco-cingrong-pingrung-paw (澳洲金融評論報)''」(The Australian Financial Review),「''Syueyri-cengfung-paw (雪梨晨鋒報)''」(Sydney Morning Herald), pusu bi ''sinbung'' o niqan 「''Kanpera-s-paw (坎培拉時報)''」(The Canberra Times) ni ''Moerpen''「''Stay-paw''」(The Age)、「Siawcen-paw ''(西澳人報 )''」(The West Australian) dnii... == Radio ni Tribi(廣播及電視台) == Ruwan ''Kongkong-tyenstay'' o niqan ''Awco'' radio uri(ABC) ni Tribi tnpusu seejiq (National Indigenous Television) uri, uxay uri o niqan ka WIN TV, Prime TV, The Golden West Network, NBN Television dnii... == Pnhyugan klwaan ni Ris (建國簡史/歷史概況) == 17 s''ci congyey'' plealay bi qntaan sejiqun ''Heran'' ka dxgal ''Awco'' nii, hngkawas 1788 ''Inkwo Haycung Feylipu''（Arthur Phillip）mdudul seejiq asu nii o, balay bi shangan ''Inkwo-ciawc Sans'' mrmux dxgal ''Awco'' ni psnhiya kana ka klwaan ''Awco'' nii ka ''Inkwo'' nii da. 19 ''sci'' pseanaq mataru klgan ''cming'' dxgal ni sapah thowlang dha, hngkawas 1901 mataru klgan sapah thowlang nii o, babaw da balay bi pnhiyug ''Awdariya'' da. Kiya ka kiya ni I''n-wan'' o mdudul klwaan dha da. ''Awco'' hini sayang o pusu bi ruwan ''Tainkwosyey(大英國協)'' uri da. Hngkawas 1965, mdudul klwaan Cineyya Duer mnrmuxankika quri saw Neycng ni, kika sknaqih ka Kwansi dhaFakwo da, asi dhuq hngkawas 1975 do thuway maludungan. Hngkawas 1970 idas 11 seejiq Putawya mnruxan Cineyya, mnddulan bi sejiqan Cineyya pnhyugan kingal bgurahCngfu, kiya ka kiya ni ini baka ka biyax dha. Hngkawas 1978 idas 12, pnryuhan ka hangan klwaan「Cineyya-jnming-kunghekwo」. Dhuq hngkawas 1984 idas 4, pnryuhan duri sun dha 「Cineyya-Kunghukwo」. Hngkawas 1984 idas 3 jiyax 26 gaga meydang ka Duer, Lansana．Kungtay mniq saw kingal Cuns-weyuahweybiyax bi mdulun dha miyah mlutuc hiya, kiya ka pnhyuganka tgdha Kunghekwo dha. == Pnyahan pnataas(參考資料） == [[Snakun:Truku]] * [https://www.cia.gov/ CIA] * [https://www.mofa.gov.tw/Default.aspx 外交部] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government] * https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A<nowiki/>(參考中文維基百科) <br /> mzf75by3v23xqn4mp137ogeq30ij742 108304 108303 2026-04-26T14:16:18Z T20854 2961 108304 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Flag of Australia.svg|thumb|Kwoci ''Awdariya'' (澳大利亞國旗)|alt=Flag of Australia.svg]] [[Patas bntasan:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|thumb|upright|Kwohway (國徽)]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia Topography Map-sr.svg|frameless|right]] [[Patas bntasan:Koala climbing tree.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Darwin 6414.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Road Train Australia.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:The University of Sydney's Main Quadrangle.jpg|縮圖]] = Australia（澳大利亞） = [[Patas bntasan:Sydney opera house and skyline.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australian soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment conducts a foot patrol during exercise Talisman Sabre 2007.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-Timezones-Standard.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-climate-map MJC01 1.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia-Timezones-Daylight.svg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:ANZAC Parade from the Australian War Memorial, Canberra ACT.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Melbourne Docklands Panorama old and new (40125070352).jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Melbourne docklands twilight.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Sydney opera house side view.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:ACDC-Hughes-long ago.jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Parkville - University of Melbourne (Ormond College).jpg|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Rod Laver Arena 20Jan2016.JPG|縮圖]] [[Patas bntasan:Aus vs jpn 2009-3.JPG|縮圖]] Gaga kska Tayangcow ka [[Australia]], 27 00 S, 133 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 7,741,220 sq km（hangan na o Tg6） (knlbanga dxgal o 7,682,300 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 58,920 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 22,992,654 hiyi. Gaga [[Canberra]] ka pusu [[alang paru]], jiyax 26 idas 1 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Australia ga wada sugan 53.40% ka dxgal qpahan, 19.30% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 27.30% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Elizabeth II, pnaah hngkawas1952 idas 2 jiyax 6pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ == Kika pusu bi paru alang dha ka hini(首都） == [[Patas bntasan:As-map.png|thumb|upright|Pusu paru alang ''Kanpera''(首都坎培拉)|alt=]] == ★Pskari quri saw  ''Guochi''（國旗說明） == https://web.archive.org/web/20170605043714/http://www.dpmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-flag == Jiyax mqqaras klwaan（國慶) == 26Jiyax 1Idas. == Jiyax tnumal Reynhekwo(加入聯合國日期) == 24 jiyax 10 idas 1945 hngkwasan. == Pusu kari(語言) == Ungac pusu bi tnkingal kari ka ''Awco'' nii, kiya ka kiya ni niqan ka tndha luhay bi kari, skari ''Arimika'' ka pusu kari dha. Niqan ka 「''Aws'' (澳式) kari ''Arimika''」 uri, duma ini hari tna ka matas, kari ni hngak uri, nii ka kingal nanaq ni wana hini niqan ka kari hyaan. Saw bi ”G’day mate”，”Ta” ririh na o 「Mhuway su balay」,「Swayay ta han」tduwa skari  ”See ya” uri,  rmngaw kari ka seejiq ''Awco'' qnbahang dha kdjiyax ka ”No worries”, ririh na o 「Iya qsiqa, Iya slhbun, Anay niya, Saw kiya.」 == Pusu nniqan(首都) == [[Patas bntasan:Canberra Montage.png|thumb|Alang Kanpera(坎培拉)]] ''Kanpera'' (坎培拉) == Kana dxgal klwaan(國土面積) == 7,692,024 m² == Nniqan(地理位置) == [[Patas bntasan:Australia Topography Map-sr.svg|thumb|Hnigan nniqan ''Awco''(澳洲地形圖)]] [[Patas bntasan:Australia with AAT (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay(自然地理位置)]] Gaga mniq ''Taypingyang'' gqiyan hidaw hunac. == Sejiqan(人口) == Yabi 2,500 ''Wan'' seejiq. == Snhiyun(宗教） == Pnrhulan ''joro'', Pnrhulan ''Tyeyncuciaw (天主教), Inkwokwociaw (英國國教).'' == Ddiyun dha pila(幣制) == Pila: Pila ''Aowco（Australian Dollar, A$)'' == Tyeynya（電壓） == 220-240 ''Fute.'' == Pusu sinbung（主要媒體） == Kana ''sinpung'' klwaan dha o niqan 「''Awco-cenpaw (澳洲人報)''」(The Australian) ni 「''Awco-cingrong-pingrung-paw (澳洲金融評論報)''」(The Australian Financial Review),「''Syueyri-cengfung-paw (雪梨晨鋒報)''」(Sydney Morning Herald), pusu bi ''sinbung'' o niqan 「''Kanpera-s-paw (坎培拉時報)''」(The Canberra Times) ni ''Moerpen''「''Stay-paw''」(The Age)、「Siawcen-paw ''(西澳人報 )''」(The West Australian) dnii... == Radio ni Tribi(廣播及電視台) == Ruwan ''Kongkong-tyenstay'' o niqan ''Awco'' radio uri(ABC) ni Tribi tnpusu seejiq (National Indigenous Television) uri, uxay uri o niqan ka WIN TV, Prime TV, The Golden West Network, NBN Television dnii... == Pnhyugan klwaan ni Ris (建國簡史/歷史概況) == 17 s''ci congyey'' plealay bi qntaan sejiqun ''Heran'' ka dxgal ''Awco'' nii, hngkawas 1788 ''Inkwo Haycung Feylipu''（Arthur Phillip）mdudul seejiq asu nii o, balay bi shangan ''Inkwo-ciawc Sans'' mrmux dxgal ''Awco'' ni psnhiya kana ka klwaan ''Awco'' nii ka ''Inkwo'' nii da. 19 ''sci'' pseanaq mataru klgan ''cming'' dxgal ni sapah thowlang dha, hngkawas 1901 mataru klgan sapah thowlang nii o, babaw da balay bi pnhiyug ''Awdariya'' da. Kiya ka kiya ni I''n-wan'' o mdudul klwaan dha da. ''Awco'' hini sayang o pusu bi ruwan ''Tainkwosyey(大英國協)'' uri da. Hngkawas 1965, mdudul klwaan Cineyya Duer mnrmuxankika quri saw Neycng ni, kika sknaqih ka Kwansi dhaFakwo da, asi dhuq hngkawas 1975 do thuway maludungan. Hngkawas 1970 idas 11 seejiq Putawya mnruxan Cineyya, mnddulan bi sejiqan Cineyya pnhyugan kingal bgurahCngfu, kiya ka kiya ni ini baka ka biyax dha. Hngkawas 1978 idas 12, pnryuhan ka hangan klwaan「Cineyya-jnming-kunghekwo」. Dhuq hngkawas 1984 idas 4, pnryuhan duri sun dha 「Cineyya-Kunghukwo」. Hngkawas 1984 idas 3 jiyax 26 gaga meydang ka Duer, Lansana．Kungtay mniq saw kingal Cuns-weyuahweybiyax bi mdulun dha miyah mlutuc hiya, kiya ka pnhyuganka tgdha Kunghekwo dha. == Pnyahan pnataas(參考資料） == [[Snakun:Truku]] * [https://www.cia.gov/ CIA] * [https://www.mofa.gov.tw/Default.aspx 外交部] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government] * https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A<nowiki/>(參考中文維基百科) <br /> 76bekqt73x5mq7nqcdxtzx1d9f786r2 0 435 108299 94723 2026-04-26T14:08:49Z T20854 2961 108299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Flag of Greenland.svg|thumb|Kwoci Ko-ring-ran (格陵蘭國旗)|alt=Flag of Greenland|345x345px]] [[Patas bntasan:Coat of arms of Greenland.svg|thumb|189x189px|Kwohwey (國徽)]] [[Patas bntasan:Greenland (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay. (自然地理位置)]] = Greenland（格陵蘭） = Gaga kska Meycow ka [[Greenland]], 72 00 N, 40 00 W ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 2,166,086 sq km（hangan na o Tg12）(knlbanga dxgal o 2,166,086 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o ). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 57,728 hiyi. Gaga [[Nuuk]] ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 0 idas 0 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Greenland ga wada sugan 0.60% ka dxgal qpahan, 0% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 99.40% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Elizabeth II, pnaah hngkawas1952 idas 2 jiyax 6pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ = Ko-ring-ran （格陵蘭） = Koringran nii we, tgparu ba dheran tncyusan rcilung paru bobo dheran nii, 2,166,086km² ka knglagang dheran na, ga Bungan huda ka 80%. Dungus kari Tanmay ka “koringran” nii we, dheran mgsama mesa, Tanmay-wangkwo we ngalung na dheya naq ga qmlahang dheya ka Koringran nii, bobo nkongto knkawas 2008, knkawas 2009 de wada knpriyux ka cutu daha, necungturi cucuci say aka dheya, ani si waycyaw, kwohwang ma caycung we Tanmay ka msbaang. Kndalax knkawas 1973 de, smnegul tnpusu na alang Tamay ka mosa tuumal kkingal Owco kongtongti, ani si sqita knkawas 1982 ka cenming-konhto daha de, wada malix tnuumal daha berah na Owmong saya ka kkingal Owco kongtongti, kika uxe Owmong saya ka Koringran, ani si qtaan daha kingal tntaanak Owco-renmong ka heya. Anu kongming Koringran nii we, kongming Tanmay duri, niqan ririh na Owmong kongming duri. Mntena alang tnyusan rcilung Hwaro duri, niqan daha yiyen Koringran ga meniq Tanmay-kwohwe. Kana hari alng Koringran nii we ga meniq Peycicen, msekuy riyung. Mssiippo kingal ayu rcilung daka Pintaw ma Cyanata. == Ri-s (歷史) == Seediq tnpusu ba meniq Koringran hini we seediq Ingnyoto, mneyah sknuwan hini ma, malux meyah meniq dheran so uka mmaanu hini we, nii ini snleesi mkela bale nana. Knkawas 982, seediq Peow ka meyah pktheruy seediq Pingtaw hini, Seediq nPingtaw we, smmlu teru nniqan so tghunac na bale Koringran nii, ani piya kbekuy knkawas niqan daha hiya we, ini klugelu meniq hii. Ngayan kesun Koringran nii we, tnyanan na seediq Skantinaweya, sqita sunhwa-suhwa na Peow ka patis Sacya we ga na spatis hiya, niqan kingal seediq kesun Izweko, ado smnipaq seediq ma, peeyah Pingtaw meyaq qduriq hini. Kingal tnsapah nIzweko daka quli na we, mqquri tgdaya na ggqiyan hido, mosa migin dheran bnhangan daha mesa ga hiya. kndalax meyah meniq hini de tnyanan na mesa Koringran(dungus na Grønland niiwe, dheran mgsama) ka dheran hini di. ado ka tmraki egu seediq meyah theruy hini(ani naqq so kenu we, egu speriq ka tghunac nKoringran nii), Wada malu ba knesa na so nii, mhiti de bale ba yaani 4000 hei ka seediq Peow meyah theruy meniq hini. Patis dheran cbeyo bah an we, Koringran nii we, tnyanan daha mesa Gruntland(dheran ba bale ka dungus na), ye pnirih na mesa Grøn ka Grunt nii, ye uxe mnsciyuk na we, ani betaq saya we uka seediq mkela. Tg12 suci ciida we, pnheyu kingal Cucyaw-syaci Tencucyaw ka Koringran hini. Knkawas 1386, wada ngalan Nowe ka Koringran nii, kika dheran na teru alang Peow ka Kaarma-renmong di. Malix ka Zweten de wada naq uka ka renmong nii duri di ma, kika wada ngalan qlhangan Tanmay daka Zweten ka Koringran nii di ma, mddaha qmlahang. [[Patas bntasan:Topographic map of Greenland bedrock.jpg|縮圖|File:Topographic map of Greenland bedrock.jpg]] [[Patas bntasan:Greenland-CIA WFB Map.png|縮圖|File:Greenland-CIA WFB Map.png]] Bobo lmutuc qmlahang 500 knawas de, nniqan na seediq Peow nii we, dehuk 15 suci dige asi lux uka hii di, ye ba ado mnoda kesun daha Syawpinci ma, uka ppuqun ciida. Bobo na ka slayan buuc daha de, bale ba niqan so ingyan-puryang qtaan. Kingal patis knkawas 1424 ka pnaadis peeyah Koringran betaq Pingtaw we, klaun mesa mneniq Koringran ka seediq Peow mhiti na, bobo na de, uka ka ga spatis patis ndaan seediq Peow di. kingal duri we, seediq tndheran Koringran ka Ingnyoto we, uka riyung dndilan na ka dheya. Knkawas 1814, sqita Ciar-tyawye dige, wada sbari Zweten na Tamay ka Nowe, kika wada mhurah ka renho-wangkwo na Tamay-Nowe. Wada ngalan na Tamay ka Koringran nii dungan. Knkawas 1931, mosa smdaku uka sseediq dheran quri hhreyan hido na Koringran ka Nowe, paha kari mesa uka tndheran hini mesa, rmengo mesa nnaku ka dehran nii. Knkawas 1933, smruwa pooda kwoci-hwating na Kworen ka Tamay daka Nowe nii, mosa pprengo pnkseengan daha, qtaan ka pnaha kari we, Tanmay ka wada mangal kana qqlahang Koringran nii di. Tg2 mccebu bobo dheran nii, ado wada gnalan Naswe-Tokwo ka Tamay ma Nowe, wada psteqan ka pnugaluk daha di, supi na Ingkwo ma Dame ka mosa gmeeluk meniq Koringran di, icu daha mosa gmeeluk meniq hii ka Tokwo. Koringran de spooda na kmari btunux qrari nIwetuto daha, brigun na Dame ma Cyanata ma, ryuxun daha qyqeya ddooyun daha. So nii mbbaruy we betaq mhedu mccebu. Tg2 pncbuwan bobo dheran nii ciida we, pnugeeluk mccebu hini duri. Knkawas 1943, niqan kingal supi nTanmay wada mhuqil pncbuwan daha hini, bobo kingal knkwas dungan we, wada mhqil pncbuwan daha hini ka kingal supi Tokwo duri. == Ti-ri (地理) == Tg1 knpruwan dheran pntyusan rcilung ka Koringran nii, dheran paru tncyusan rcilung ka hini, ga meniq tgdaya hhreyan hido Peymeco, ma, cenga na Peypingyang daja Tasiyang, quri ggqiyan hido na we, pcenga Pahunwan ma Taywesu-haysya mssipo daka Peyci-tawti nCyanata, quri hhreyan na hido we, pcenga Tamay-haysya mssipo daka Pingtaw. Ado gheti bale ka dheran na, mdheran paru kesun daha Koringran nii. Netun rima pntyusan we, maha sepac na sepac ka ga meniq Peycicen truma, karac citi ka hiya. [[Patas bntasan:Geography-of-greenland.svg|縮圖|File:Geography-of-greenland.svg]] Koringran nii we, gino ba Nancico de, dheran huda hini ka tgparu bale. Irih so ga gmekan huda kana dheran na, gino dheran na tgdaya bale ma, ssiyo na quri hhreyan daka ggqiyan hido ka ini bungi huda, ado mddengu riyung ka karac quri hini, ini thdai, kika pkriyak ka dheran na. Ado Bungan huda klaali ka dheran na ckceka, kika dheran na ckceka nasi ngali ka huda na de, maha llebu ka dheran na daka dheran ssiyo na. Kama dheran nKoringran nii ge, quri hhreyan daha hido rmabang ba bbaro, maha 3300m ka knbrawan na, dheran ssiyo na we, maha 1000m betaq 2000m. Ani si nasi thurah kana huda ga mubung hii we, yaani maha pkriyuk so dheran tncyusan rcilung ka Koringran nii. qsiya rcilung paru we maha mkala 7m. Knkawas 1989 betaq knkawas 1993 ciida we, mnosa baron na ba huda ga mubung Kringran ka mptpatis karac nOco ma Dame, kmnari daha 2mile(3.2km) qndisan pingho, rmabang kntruma na we, ririh so kongru ncbeyo ka kiya, gnrequl mkela so nii we, maha klaun ka berah 100000 knkawas karac na yenku-suci ka Pepancyo. Gnregul daha mkela we, karac bobo dheran nii we, bsiyaq ini knpriyux, ani naq moda so knpriyux paru we, mala nanaq bobo na dungan. Paru ba dndilan na karac quri Petasiyang ka karac yangryo nKoringran nii, == Cng-c(政治) == Ngayan na tqqita Koringran nii peni, thulang Tanmay ka qbsuran daha baro, saya we Makorito-arsu ka ga tloong hiya, smkagul kingal qbsuran tgbaro('''Rigsombudsmand'''／High Commissioner) daha mosa Koringran, ririh so thulang Tanmay ma cunghu. Yihwe nKoringrannii we pnsgao seediq naq Koringran, sepac knkawas tloongan daha yihwe, 31 hei kana yiyen na. tunux cucu-cunghu daha we, tunux na tosutang. [[Patas bntasan:Social housing in Ilulissat, Greenland.jpg|縮圖|File:Social housing in Ilulissat, Greenland.jpg]] [[Patas bntasan:Eskimo Family NGM-v31-p564-2.jpg|縮圖|File:Eskimo Family NGM-v31-p564.jpg]] [[Patas bntasan:Nanortalik church.jpg|縮圖|File:Nanortalik church.jpg]] Knkawas 2019 idas 8, qtaun kari na “Hwasungtun yopaw” we, niqan ka seediq mnkela mesa Cwanpu peni, smniling mesa hmuwa ka brigun nami yami Dame ka Koringran. Bobo na de, mneyah rmengo mesa bale ba ka cingci kuwun na Paykong Raai‧Kutoro. == Sing-cng cyu-hwa (行政區劃) == Kndalax knkawas 2009 iads 1 ali 1, wada psnakan sepac ptyusan cucusu ka Koringran: Kuyrweko, Kasuiyi-tosopu, Kaykukata ma Somosuko. Knkawas 2018 idas1 ali 1 de, wada psdhaun Ahwanta ma Kwekotari ka Kasuiyi-tosopu, wada mrana dehuk rima ka cucusu daha. Uka alang pngerah ka quri tgdaya hhreyan na hido ka Koringran nii, wada ptyusan tgparu ba cozen-pawhuci bobo dheran nii. == Cing-ci(經濟) == Mhiti na berah kingal suci ka Koringran nii we, wada mgnetun cingci-cinso, ani si kndalax knkawas 1993 de, mdudul mtkela ka cingci daha dungan, cucu-cunghu na Koringran nii peni, kndalax knkawas 1980, dmoi cingxi-cinso ma, pgdehu kongkong-yiswan daha na ini keegu ka tonghwo-pungcang na. Kndalax knkawas 1990 ka wada na seeluk ka cenkwang ma sinkwang na de, waymaw na Koringran nii we ini knbaka, ani naq ga prading migin ma mpkmari cing daka kwang-u na we, ini kari bale nana, egu riyung ka suyo na ga meniq quri dheran ggqiyan hido ma hhreyan hido daha, maha 500 yi tong ka suyo na ma tenzanci na. Dungan we, ga meniq quri tghunac ssiyo na Nahosakosu we, ga smdiyan yaani rgparu ba kkriyan situ cinsu kwangcan. Saya de, cingci na Koringran nii we, gmtange riyung aangal daha qcurux ma bbaruy daha qcurux, maha 80% na cukocu daha, lekuh daha bale ka tmbolung, niqan ka simuye daha tmabu miric uban duri, ani si kndalax kwoway ka mari ppuqun tnbugan daha. == Jen-ko (人口) == Ini keegu ka hei seediq nKoringran nii ma, ga kndudul seerih ka hei seediq daha, so nii we we, ado ka ini ba pntena so klaali ka ali na keeman daka ali na diyan, kika smqeyq ooda kkdusan daha, kika seediq mangal krnexan qcahun hini we, mrinas alang qnlhangan icil, dndilan nii ka egu snpegan cusari daha. kingal tnsapah na seediq Innyoto, pnssingan knkawas 1917   niqan sapah thkmuwan kana ka laalang daha, sapah thkmuwan alang Nonatariko ka nii === Snpegan hei seediq === 56,370 ka hei seediq Koringran(snpegan knkawas 2013 idas 1), 88% we seediq Innyoto(kana lqlaqi pnstrengan daka seediq icil), 12% de seediq tnheruy peeyah Oco, seediq tnheruy kndalax Tanmay ka egu bale. Maha naxal kbekuy hari seediq ka meniq Tanmay. Knrana hei seediq: 0.9%(snpegan knkawas 2000) Tngtingan laqi: cenhun cu 16.85(snpegan knkawas 2000) Nhqilan: cenhun cu 7.55(snpegan knkawas 2000) Nhqilan laqi rabu: 18.26 ka mhuqil/1.000 ka muudus tntingan(snpegan knkawas 2000) Hei seediq mntuting cise-cungcangri: cenhun cu -8.38(snpegan knkawas 2000) Tntingan laqi: cenhun cu 2.45 laqi hani mntutinng/mqedil(snpegan knkawas 2000) === Sqita knkawas === Toma 14 knkawas: 27%(rseno we 7,718; mqedil we 7,483) 15 knknawas betaq 64 knkawas: 68%(rseno we 20,860; mqedil we 17,272) Hmrinas 65 knknawas na:  5%(rseno we 1,332; mqedil we 1,644, snpegan knkawas 2000) === Kneegu mqeil ma riso === Mtuting: 1 rseno/mqedil Toma 15 knkawas: 1.03 rseno/mqedil 15knkawas betaq 64 knkawas: 1.21 rseno/mqedil Hmrinas 65 knkawas: 0.81 rseno/mqedil Kana hei seediq: 1.13 rseno/mqedil === Sntangan knuudus mtuting === Kana hei seediq: 68.07 knkawas Rseno: 64.52 knkawas Mqedil: 71.68 knkawas (snpegan knkawas 2000) === Klegan sseediq === Seediq Koringran(kana Ingnyotojen ma laqi tntingan pnstrengan Iing-Ow): 87%. Seediq Tanmay ma duma sseediq: 13%. == Cyaw-tung (交通) == [[Patas bntasan:Air Greenland B757-236 (OY-GRL) parked at Kangerlussuaq Airport.jpg|縮圖|Ga stama stmaan sapah skiya Kankoarrusu-suweko ka sapah skiya poing 757 na Koringran-hangkong ]]Pnugaluk daha mdooda alang ucuicil we, spooda daha sweyun daka Koringran-hangkong, daka Tanmay, Cyanata ma Pingtaw we, niqan hangpan daka koeung ma horung klaali. Ado ka egu riyung haywan, uka elu rulu pggaluk, wano ba ssiyo rcilung paru ka uka huda we, niqan tikuh eluw, quri dheran so hini we secyaw ka ttpaun daha. Knkawas 2000 we, 3729 ka cico daha hini, ckceka na we 2093 ka rulu naq nseediq. == Wun-hwa(文化) == [[Patas bntasan:Upernavik first day in class 2007-08-14 2.jpg|縮圖|Laqi muuyas syawse Upenaweko we, mlukus lukus naq rudan daha cbeyo ]] Gaya seediq Ingnyoto ka bale ba gaya na Koringran ma, paru ba dndilan tansen-wunhwa na Wecing. Niqan seediq Ingnyoto ka tmqcurux ka kndusan daha dungan. Gaya seediq Ingnyoto ka bale ba gaya na Koringran ma, paru ba dndilan tansen-wunhwa na Wecing. Niqan seediq Ingnyoto ka tmqcurux ka kndusan daha dungan. Knkingal knkawas we niqan psseung tnlusan secyaw huling, niqan rahur su de mosa psseung kana. Prading kuxul mosa rmigo seediq ka Koringran nii we, ado niqan psseung tnlusan secyaw na huling, mosa cmebu qcurux, mkkesa ma kwataw hawse ka hiya. Tg40 ka suce suntan-rawjen tahwe ciida we, Koringran nii ka bale ba alang na suntan-rawkongkong mesa kana seediq lalang mnosa hii. Pnhyegan knkawas 1987 ka Koringran-tase. == tiyi (體育) == Kwocya tiyi-syangmu na Koringran ka cucyo, ani si uxe cungyen na kwoci-cucyo-conghwe(FIFA) ka heya. Mesa ka FIFA nii, hweyenkwo na FIFA we, asi ka niqan sudu ba pnhuma naq ka cucyocang na ma, mtduwa ssaan psseung bnteran cucyo, ani si msekuy riyung ka karac Koringran nii, uka daha pphmaan sudu pnhuma nanaq ka cucyocang daha, kika uka kesun daha cucyocang tenzen-cawpi. == cmcamac, qqhuni ma ssudu (動植物) == Qqhuni ma ssudu na Koringran nii we tayyen-cuu ka bale na bale, heya kana ka tama, taycaw, sudu ngudus miric ma tiyi. So ka dheran na uka huda we, gino ba hwasu, ryosu ma kaysu de, uka klegan duna qqhuni di. nedis misan daha ka Koringran nii we ini ttai hido(ciye-sensyang). Ani si diyan rbagan de tnkaxa thido 24 patis hido, kika tmraki egu ba qqbheni eeyah daha tnbalung hini, malu riyung knkilan daha qqhuni ma ssudu duri. ani naq wada mquri tghunac de mpmisan ka duma qbheni we, ani si niqan naq qbheni meeniq hini klaali, so ka renyaw ma syawse-unyaw, Koringrantaw we alang pecisyaong. Duma camac na we niqan huling lmiqu, rqebux peci, qolic weewe peci, rqenux tapaq urung ma risu. Ga meniq tgdaya na Koringrantaw ka rqenux malu sknexan, knknedux qraqil daha we skdakar daha knskuran bgihur huda peci. Kssiyo yayung daha so rcilung paru we qtaan klaali ka cingyi ma haypaw. Niqan seyi. Kweyi, pimuyi ma pimuyi paru ka yayung daha mremun. == Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料) == [[Snakun:Truku]] * [http://www.cia.gov/ CIA] * [http://www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html 外交部] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government] *https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/格陵兰<nowiki/>(參考自中文維基百科) rge3t1b2bblsyg7n12s8gn88hqmu3x8 0 454 108300 95183 2026-04-26T14:09:57Z T20854 2961 108300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Flag of Haiti.svg|thumb|''Haiti-Konhoko'' kwoci (海地共和國國旗)|alt=Flag of Haiti|406x406px]] [[Patas bntasan:Haiti (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay. (自然地理位置)]] = Haiti（海地） = Gaga kska Kska- Hunac Meycow ka [[Haiti]], 19 00 N, 72 25 W ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 27,750 sq km（hangan na o Tg148）(knlbanga dxgal o 27,560 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 190 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 10,485,800 hiyi. Gaga [[Port-au-Prince]] ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 1 idas 1 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Haiti ga wada sugan 66.40% ka dxgal qpahan, 3.60% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 30% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Jovenel Moïse, pnaah hngkawas2017 idas 2 jiyax 7pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. [[Patas bntasan:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg|thumb|File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg.Kwohwey.（國徽）]] cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ = ''Haiti-konhoko'' (海地共和國) = (Fayi: République d'Haïti; kari Hatikoriaur: Repiblik Ayiti) tungayan  daha Haiti(fayi: Haïti, pehenga：[a.iti]；kari Hati：Ayiti, pehenga kari Hatikoriaur：[ajiti]) , ga menag icirun Ciaropi. Alang na ga menag tguirin mdudeka spegun 2 palu deheran Ispaniaula menag icirun Cairopi (kesun daha deheran icrun Hati), tgunarat mgugarug dahaka Tominnicai. Tnduheran seedig Hati we seedig Arawako, kndalah yahun kmremuhu Sipanya wada asi kuuka seedig tnduheran, uka ka seedig pkuepah pkurahan alang mosa lmamu hbaro seedig kurinug kndalah Feco, kiyaka to seedig mkarux tnalang Hati di, deheya ka kmuepah purana nonye cinci. Hati we kinan bale Sekai kndalah seedig kurinug pneyah rtu Feco psu ooda alang, deheyanag peheyui kingan koka, ktaun spegan we mlaale 1 peheyu koka menag Ciaropi. Knkawas 2012, Hati pahakari mesa nikan rnrnngan na suupu kingan heyi menag Fecorenmon. Hati we kingan bale menag Meco 95% seedig karux peheyu kingan Konhoko. Haiti dahaka siyo na Tominnicai pnheyu rtu seedig ratin, ini pntenaka haten daha, Meco iciban krinut koka ka Hati，knkawas 2015 knkingan seedig pnyahan daha pila 804 pila dame kingan knkawas, spegun seedig bobo deheran we rumaban bici haten daha, spegun koka ga Sucie we rumaban lulebu haten daha. Knkawas 2019, knkingan seedig menag Hati we spuun smepu ka kndisan kndesan daha 64 bale. == Risu (歷史) == Tnalang seedig Intian seedig Arawako tnduheran Hati hii. Knkawas 1492 hne na korunpu dehu hini, tguyangun na deheran Ispaniaula(deheran Sipanya), knkawas 1502 pradin kruhangun na Sipanya. Wada mnarux tenfa, uka menyiri ka seedig Arawako kiya wada mdhedu hukin di. Sipanya kiyaka gunbarui krinut seedig karux, meyah meepah alang nii. knkawas 1697 pnatis daha keyaku rosuweko, wada sbege Fako meyah kmrahan. Knkawas 1791 kbusuran seedig karux Tsan. Ruwetur tmuti seedig Hati knciyug mcucebu peheyu na deheya na kmurahan alang, deheya pradin bale peheyu nana pkurahan. Knkawas 1804, supi mntarin dehug Taicukan, ma pahakari mesa deheya nana peheyu kmurahan, snm''a''ru Konhoko. Bobo na mehedu peheyu kinanga na koka ka Haiti, ini kehudu moda peheyu hunyegan minsukoka, mrrudu ka knruhangan na, wada puhuyegun  baro ka kbsuran de ini daha snbusiyag pohun daha rumiyu dungan, ktaun snpegan de, kndaraha knkawas 1915 dmoi na kmurahan dehug 100 knkawas, dehug 90 kbsuran wada daha riuhun. Knkawas 1957 gmutange  supi, knkawas 1957 twariai wada mangan senkio kbusuran, heya kndalah seedig tunalang gumaoo kbusuran,mangan Sosoto Hati, kndalah ciida  tnspah nana dmoi kmurahanm, dehug knkawas 1986 wada daha psurihu. Bobona kbsuran supi Hunri.nanfe tmutui kesun "kmurahan knkana alang yiyinkai"supi dmoi babale kmrahag. Knkawas 1990, Petoran.aristito moda senkio wada mangan Sosoto, ini dehug ali na knurahan wada pohun supi smueraq ndaan. Knkwas 1994, spooda daha beyah Renhoko smunetun kkruhangun, Aristito unberih meyah Sosoto dungan. Knkawas 1996, Rone.prewar mangan Senkio Sosoto. Knkawas 2000, Aristito moda mangan dungan senkio Sosoto. Knkawas 2004 idas 2, beyah supi wada pkduri Aristito mosa alang icn，kndurikan na dehug knkawas 2011 。 Bobona supooda Senfa Cuekafayen Tafakwan Ponifesu. Yarisanta moda dumoi Rinzi Sosoto, snkagun supi dmayo kmurahan ka Renhoko. Knkawas 2006 idas 2 ali 7，moda senkio Sosoto dahaka Giyin, 33 seedig mosa senkio Sosoto,1300 seedig mosa senkio Giyin maha garun 129 ttrungan Gikai. Idas 2 ali 16, sseki rinzi senkio yiinkai pahakari rmengo, posa ngayan Sosoto Siwatan Prewar wada manga 51.15％ kipu ubeyah manga Sosoto [6], kklahangun na dehu knkawas 2011. Knkawas 2010 idas 1 ali 12, nikan Zesu kuemo 7.0 disin ka Hati，16 konri knthiyaun snpegan na disin kndlah truma tunux alang Taicukan, darin hari pnyahan na Disin nii parubeyah snrikan na. Bobo gndregan ali 2 bobo mnekan 4 zi 53 pn. Bobo na dngan peeyah dahag 5.9 ma 5.5 beyah na Disin nii. Egu riun wada mrukeraq sapah menag alang Taicukan, ani wada 10-20 man seedig wada mgedan. 15 man bkers seedig wada han smeku sapah pkurahan，yebale 20 man seedig gagareesun deheran truma nana, pndugusun rmgerun yebale pdehug 35 man seedig wada mgedan. == Tiri(地理) == Ga menag tguirin deheran icirun Yispaniaula ka Hati, kngurahan deheran we 27,750 pinfankonri, 27,560pinfankori we deheran, 190 pinfankonri we Ksiya ga kriun deheran. 1,771 konri ka kndisan na ssiyo icirun ka Hati, 360 konri kndisan ayusna dahaka Tominnika. Gana nikan Isupaniaula deheran cuceka icrun tgunarat na ssiyo icirun mtukiri bale, ssiyo icirun uka hari deheran ga cceka icirun. Ga cuceka dugiyag mguegun Kotirola ka Hati, asi klayi deheran dugugiyat, kndalas tgunara dehug tguirin ga paasu 4 dgiyat mkuri kingan eru. Daheran cuceka icirun Isupaniaula ga na nikn Hati, deheran kiya ini pntena rumiku Kotirola menag bkui Paoci ma Kcinci rungugiran na smumalu dugiyat Arpesu, baleba kndalah Sincici pneyah deheran mddeka mhebin, rngugiran na bobo deheran kndalah Sinsu, dehug Knpriyug Sinsu gaga moda knpuriyuh na. Dgiyat lmaban knbubalo Pic la Selle, knburawan na we 2,680 mi kndalah icirun smeun. Egu klegan ka kntutirux karag ka Hati, mdegu hari ka bbulenuh, msemun ka rrumiku, dgiyag Kotiaula balo taun so rumiku msekui kara 。knkyuh na asika taun hnyegan deheran，taun so dmueda bgifun de knyehan kyuh dehug 1,905 haumi（ropone hati）, mntena dgiyat ma mtubkui bgihun anona 559 haumi ka knegu kyuh na (konayifu). Deran na Hati psugun tgubalo we deheran bruenux, dgiyat tgubalo, dgiyat bruenux cuceka, tguirin balo Hati we rumiku, cuceka Hati we rumiku, artiponito, cirtosako, laiaukan, dgiyat hunag, 9 klegan baleba ttaun. Bsiyat knkawas smipa khuni bburigun, hmuneru bgurah ka hmuneru Deheran na Hati saya, soka mtutiruh kara ango khuni ma sdu nana, khuni mdudengu karat, sohari deheran bnaqui hmeru khuni llebu, karat mtutiruh humeru khuni mtutin waso, hmeru snquyuh khuni mgusama, khuni hmeru deheran pknquyuh, khuni mgusama bbuyu ma ssudu. Cuzan cuyen menag Hati soka Deheran ruifantu, ton, tansuankai, kin, tarisu daha ka qusiya. Qusiya lmaban bbaro we Atiponi. Uka ddaan hune qusiya menag Hati. Spegun deheran ka knbubaro icirun na Hati we 12 hairi, knburawan ayus na icirun we 24 hari, spegun kgurahan icirun cincici we 200 hairi. == Cuncu (政治) == Ktaun Senfa na Hati pnhuyegan knkawas 1987, kingan gaya Konhoko ka Hati, Sosoto ka kbusuran koka daha. Ooda alang we nkan pkrahan, tunux pkrahan we Conri. Pkrahan peheyu gaya we kominfeyi psugun daha canconyen. Gaya kkrahan; kndalah baga seedig senkiyo ka Sosoto Hati, mntehan mangan meepah we 5 knkawas, mrutu de mndaha bale mangan kpahun. Sosoto gmao peheyu Conri, ma moda psuruwa Kominfeyi. Conri peheyu kana Pucan ma hiso Kowu, daun na dmdun gaya pkuepah asika pdaun snuheyi smruwa na Kominfeyi. Knkingan kkrahan na Hati we: nonye, cuzancuyen ma noncun hatenpu, sanye ma konyepu, caicunpu ma cincipu, waiciaupu, cinpausetiaupu, necun ma kofanpu, sufapu, kominciayi, cinnen ma tiyipu, cifa daha ka waikoyencupu, konkonwesun ma zenkopu, konkonkoncun, yinsu ma tonsinpu, sofeswpu. '''Rifa; kominyife we pkrahan rmaban paru sapah smumaru gaya,''' nikan canyiyen ma conyiyen. Canyiyen we meneg 30 giyin, kinagn kkrahan nikan 3 giyin, 2 knkawas pruhun 1/3 ygiyin. Conyieyn nikan 119 giyin, 4 knkawas puruhun tehan. '''Sufa; smungun gaya tarufasi ka Hati'''，gaya horicu na smnegun gaya Romafa. Dmoyi rmaban balo sufacian we Hati cuwekafayen. Smruwa moda saiban Haya kocifatin ka Hati. Dobuna; Siwancunsen(Fwon Lespwa/Front de l’Espoi) , Kociamincu cinputafe(Rassemblement des Démocrats Nationaux Progressistes) , Respè tan、snbereh smumalu Hatikiristo kiyokai cienkoremon(Union Nationale Chrétienne pour la Reconstruction d’Haïti), snmalu bgurah Hatikiristo kiyokai(Mouvement Chrétien pour Batir une Nouvelle Haïti), zenmin fento (Oganizasyon Pèp Kap Lité), minsu tonmontan(Alyans/Alliance Démocratique), snbereh snmalu kocia cunsen(FRN) kociahoce turiyinton(Mouvement Indépendant pour la Réconcilation Nationale). '''Waiciau;''' Hati we tgimah kingan heyi Renhoko, Sekaiginko, Meco kafainhan, Kocihopicicin cucu, Sucie mauyicucuu, Ciaropiha kontonti. Ye bale 30 koci ma tici nikan sapah kpahan menag Hati. Knkawas 2010 idas 1 bobo dicin, kocisofe ini beyo meyah dmayo, ma mege Hati cinci yencu. Unbeyah mesa tocu dahaka dnayo spun blekun ppulegou hbalo kocia we kpahun waiciau na Hati. Hati dahaka Confaminko nikan mgugalug ka waiciau daha, ini mgugalug waiciau dahaka confazenmin konhoko, nikan ka sanma sapah kpahan. === sincuncifa；10 sincunci ka Hati： === Atiponitosn, Conyasn, tawansn, nipussn, pepusn, tonpesn, sipesn, sipusn, tonnansn, napusn. == Cicin(經濟) == Spu kingan menag Scie we lmban truma kaifa na ka Hati. Seedig ga booderan ktaun so plungagan haten na Renhoko kaifacifasu we, 177 snpegan kana koka we ga menag 154 tnbkeyan na Hati. Knkawas 2004, GDP （snpegan knkelun na bnrigan ）na Hati we 120.5 iku pila dame, GDP knkingan seedig we 380 pila dame, tnbkean na we menag 150. Knkawas 2004 tofopncan na Hati we 22%, sakin na ngagu we 14 iku pila dame . 7/10 seedig Hati kingan ali mangan 1,2 yen pila dame bale knpahan na. pila Hati we krto(Gourde), ptasn we HTG, kinngan krto spegun 100 sntin. Cicin na Hati we nonye bakanana ppkun. Hubalo seedig pkepah gaga nana meepah deheran na tikoh, uka bbrigun ma meepah nana pkun na, maha fumrinas 70% kana deheran ga kkpahun. Maruh sokiya we, bobo turi ka Hati Yarisanta·peti ka sosoto knguheti ka pnhumaan sibus wada na pssgun ka deheran, wada na sntutikoh paasu na kpahun seedig kalux (knkawas 1791 74,000 tun kncuhediran gubarui na alang icin, knkawas 1825 wada meerih dehug 20,000 tun, knkawas 1960 de meerih 15,000 tun nanag di). Knkawas 1791-1802 pceka ciida mrrdu ka seedig karux, ga menag tgubaro so bruenux mdengu ka seedig behege, snaludaha eru qusiya cwakun daha pnhumaun wada srikun seedig karux krinuh, dehu 19 suci uka ssrumean wada daha lahun bale di, heyi seedig Hati 50% ga menag tgubaro Hati, kkudesun daha knpahan spegun kana kpahun malu deheran anona 17% deheran gaga daha kpahun. Knkawas 1915 -1934 ciida Meko ga kmrahan Hati, seedig behege ga tgubaro Hati ga gnbgrah palu knpahan, spun smepu kana kpahan alang dehug 7% knglahan na, spegun kana nangan knpahan na Hati pdehug 30% ngangan na. Anina so seedig behege ga dmoi bbrigun alang icin, anina sokiya wada baka ka ppkn na ka Hti. Berah knkawas 1987, baka ppkn belas na Hti han, belas psu bale ppkn na seedig Hati, Sosoto meko kolintun knkawas（1992 - 2000）, sefu kolintun paha kari sefu Hati mesa asika huridun 35％ dehu 3％ zekin na belas meyah lemuh gunbarui Hati mesa, belas kndalah Meko bici brigun, kana ppkn belas seedig Hti we 40 man kontun 3/4 kndalah Meko. Ini phumaka seedig Hati di, korintn wada snberih kari belah na tasu Hati menag Renhoko. Saya knpahun daha psubale ppkn we srkemu （30 mankobu kguheti ga phumaun）dahaka ka kaulian. Tgubaro nikan tikoh paye mdengu, alang atiponi nikan 7 man kobu ka yukeyag. Bnga khuni, bunga, sanyau dahaka blebun we ppkn nag seedig Hati. Ini brigi icin. Pmahaun daha pyahun pila we kafe, 14man kobu knguheti ga daha pmhaun, gunbarui daha alang icin we 2.2 man tun dehug 4 man tun. Snpsan pnyahan na knpahan we sibus ma cenma. Knkawas 2004 kana gnbarui knpahan mosa alang icin na Hati we dehu 3.38 iku pila dame, rumaban egu gnbarui alang icin we Meko （spegun kana gnbarui na Hati dehu 81.8% knegu）. Snpusan we Tominicia dahaka Kanata, ppkn ka psu na bbrigun kndalah icin, snpsan we tninun daka sifepin. Knkawas 2004 bnrigan na kkeya na Hati we dehu 10.85 iku pila dame, psuna bnrigan we kndalah Meko （spegun kana bnrigan na Hati dehu 52.9%）, snpusan we Tominnicia, Nihon dahaka toko. Ado ini baka ka nunyen, konye na Hati ini hatacu. Knkawas 1960 nikan hacidenso menag yayun luhengo atiponito dnayo snalu na seedig behege, tunux alang na taicukan nikan mcumici koba soka semento, udon, smalu kcu, tuminun, seken, sumalu iyu, mmahun, abla pkn, soriau, kyukeya sapah, smalu sino, bruenux tgudaya nikan koba cenma, bruenux rekai ga mhuma sibus nikan koba sato. Hbaro uka kpahan ka seedig Hati, seedig meepah 2/3 ini kseesu kpahun daha. Unbeyah bale haten tthikan ka Hati, nikan semon sapah kmurahan tthikan. Dehug knkawas1956, nikan 6.6 man seedig meyah teheyag Hati, seedig mneyah tgudaya dame puau meyah teheyag, pnyahan pila na Hati we bnrigan kafe iciban knegu bobo nade seedig meyah teheyag(knkawas 1961 we 1000 man pila dame). Bobo knkawas 1962, mrrdu alang ma nikan mnaruh aicu, wada hmirig ka seedig meyah teheyag. Meko rmaban palu dnayo na Hati, kndalah knkawas 1995 dehug knkawas 1999, Meko dynayo na Hati we 8.84 iku pila dame, wada na brigun ppkn, haten nonye, tmugesa ndan sense, kegaku ttinraki dahaka kegaku cenkan paucan. Meko hopin tue dahaka kumi gmalu seedig snkagun seedig pdayo meyah Hati. Koci hopicicin dahaka koci kafa ginko mege duyano na Hati duri. == Sofe(社會) == knbharo seedig；knkawas 2008 ktaun pnnatis patis na Renhoko, knbharo seedig na Hati we 980 man [7], myuheyuh riun gaga daha nikn. Hbaro ga menag ssioyo ucirun ma bruenus dgiyag 。yahari 95% heyi seedig Hati we seedig karux kndalah tguirin Feco, mnungari na hbaro we seedig Morato. 93% seedig Hati we ga menag alang kpahun ma alang pngelah ini hurinas 2,000 heyi seedig . 85% heyi seedig ga meepah nonye. Seedig Morato palu hari nndaan daha , hubaro ga meepah cncu dahaka konsanye menag alang Taicukan, seedig karux we ga menag mntenag alang bici Sife kesn daha Kanpato. Seedig Hati psgan daha nruan dara kndalah seedig karux , 7/8 dara seedig karux we seedig Malapu, 3/4 we Korifu, 1/2 we mrato , 1/4 we kwatoron , 1/4 we domustifu. Wenfa; Fayi galun kari kmrahan, 10% seedig rmengo Fayi. Kana Seedig Hati we mkela rmengo kari kingan pkurahan kesn daha Hatikoriau. So riso dahaka seedig msobai we pladin rmengo kari Ego . Psu daha snhiyan Hati we Roma tensiukio, anisa hbaro seedig ga snheyi nag Utciau. Rmaban paru alang na hati we tunux alang Taicukan, ga menag kiri icirun konafwan, knbrahun seedig na we hmrinas 200 man. Haticia ga tgudaya putin deheran Hati unpsan palu alang ma upsan palu baso ucilun han mtarin asu, berah knluhangun Fako han we Sntominko, Haticia we tunux alang ciida, cuceka alang egu srumeyan sapah palu ma glahan ka eru ma geheti baso tthikan. Kndalah alang mukri truma 18 komri, kowan Hunri.koristofu knrahan tgudaya Hati snueru Toko smumalu pocutan konten siayaukon（Palais Sanssucci）nrihan nnikan, dahaka nnikan lafeair cunpau（wada ptasun zaisan suce wenfa ）. snuhiyan; dehug 85% seedig Hati rumengo na snuheyi ku kiristokiyokai mesa, lmaban hbaro snuheyi Roma tensikio. Hbaro bale knseyun snuheyi tensukio ka seedig Hati, knrahan koka icin ciida egu pnheyu daha kiyokai duri. Nikan na seedig Hati snuheyi Futuciau （kesun daha utuciau）. Niiwe snuheyi hubaro utux kndalah hniti rudan menag Feco, ga na gumahun gaya cmuca tensukio nikan snuheyi utux, kiyaka ini stutayi na dendosi, Snuhiyan kiya kndalah Fako mosa kmerag hbalo krinuq desun na mosa pkrinuq Fako, snuhiyan kiya kndalah hini gumaran dehu Hati. Sosoto berah rautuwaria dmoi snnuhiyan nii, peheyu supi kesun daha 「tontunmakuto」（bkn utux mekan seedig）, mkere bale knruhangan na seedig. Uyas; seedig Hati snheyi ftuciau mesa karidaha uyas we hako ma mggaru bobo deheran ktansaya dahaka bobo deheran menag rnrnngan, palubale dnoyi na gumaran uyas na Hati, kana so rioko hunyegan na uyas na Hati, mahaso mgugaru hari snsemun ftuciau dahaka gaya ddaun alang. ppkn; pnhrayun ppkn Hati we paru sneru daha kndalah Fako, anina sokiya we nikan nana snmeyan daha nana. Beroh dahaka paye psbale ppkn daha. Kuhun daha mekan ka ido paye gmahun abra kanlan.soni ka pnhpre na: nnbwa ka ksiya de psanun na ka beras , bobo na de psaun na ka abra kanlan, mahada ka ido de cuwakun na ksiya leetu ma rcuhun na abra dapa, rwahun na pni phraun dehug mdengu ukaksiya. Seedig Hati mndaha mekan kingan ali. ktaun ppkn daha gumahun daha ppkn we siyan, wawa miri, rodux, kcurux,nemu srkemu, ciokkwe, nasubi, tomato, ucitanah, ucimgusama, cocencau, ninzin, yancon, wancai, ninikupalu. Pnruhayan na seedig tnduheran we uci cacuzo, kcurux gmahun nemu srkemu, ido pgumahun beroh ma wawa dapa , brebun, bnga dahaka sanyau. Seedig menig maci we kokokolo, paisukolo, Seedig pkepah mekan riumn manko, sanyau, rramu beroh, bnga ma srkemu. Asika smesun de mekan wawa, barun ma rramu mirku. ciauton; ini haten ciauton na Hati, kingan bale eru rru pni dehug 135 konri kndisan na, kndalah taicukan mkri balo dehug bruenuh atiponito alang wereto . Ado ini khbaro taapa ka seedig, kndalah knkawas 1960 ini papa seedig di （knkawas ciida ano na 2,200 seedig paanun na）. Deheran tgubaro ga mhma sibus ma cenma, nikan eyuh eru daun rru pni yebale 120 konri kndisan na. Eru rruwe dehug 3,000 konri kndisan na, nakah daun eru rru na, kmyuh de uka ddaun. Kingan bale eru asuruto lumtu Taicukan dahaka haticiau. Mapa kyukeya dahaka seedig pooda toraku dahaka  rruroba, darin so hhaun de asi kkesa di. Nikan 500 hune mapa kyukeya ssio icirun. Ini keegu ka erru, smumaru mntena kadi mcpecu ka ciaton na Hati, 8 ka hikozio na kana alang. Nikan kocicican ka taicukan （ktai tsan.rwetur kocicican）. Bbrigun alang icin de moda baso icrun Taicukan ka  kana kykeya na Hati, baso icirun hiya dehu 600 koncu knedis na slumeyan sumeto yahun starin hune, smesun srmeyan alang 200 knkawas ciida bnege na kocisanpin ciayife, baka na 4 hune starin, tgudaya baso icirun han starin hune kcurux dahaka hune mapa kyukeya. Haticiau we mpsan palu baso icirun, hopin kan we（Port-de-Paix）rbaban paru baso icirun mapa ripantu brigun alang icin. == Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料） == [[Snakun:Tgdaya]] * [http://www.cia.gov/ CIA] * [http://www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html 外交部] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government] *https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0<nowiki/>(參考自中文維基百科) dwa912nwkjbaars9qxv9narf8iii7hg 108301 108300 2026-04-26T14:11:08Z T20854 2961 108301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Flag of Haiti.svg|thumb|''Haiti-Konhoko'' kwoci (海地共和國國旗)|alt=Flag of Haiti|406x406px]] [[Patas bntasan:Haiti (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay. (自然地理位置)]] = Haiti（海地） = Gaga kska Kska- Hunac Meycow ka [[Haiti]], 19 00 N, 72 25 W ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 27,750 sq km（hangan na o Tg148）(knlbanga dxgal o 27,560 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 190 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 10,485,800 hiyi. Gaga [[Port-au-Prince]] ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 1 idas 1 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Haiti ga wada sugan 66.40% ka dxgal qpahan, 3.60% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 30% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Jovenel Moïse, pnaah hngkawas2017 idas 2 jiyax 7pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. [[Patas bntasan:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg|thumb|Kwohwey (國徽)]] cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ = ''Haiti-konhoko'' (海地共和國) = (Fayi: République d'Haïti; kari Hatikoriaur: Repiblik Ayiti) tungayan  daha Haiti(fayi: Haïti, pehenga：[a.iti]；kari Hati：Ayiti, pehenga kari Hatikoriaur：[ajiti]) , ga menag icirun Ciaropi. Alang na ga menag tguirin mdudeka spegun 2 palu deheran Ispaniaula menag icirun Cairopi (kesun daha deheran icrun Hati), tgunarat mgugarug dahaka Tominnicai. Tnduheran seedig Hati we seedig Arawako, kndalah yahun kmremuhu Sipanya wada asi kuuka seedig tnduheran, uka ka seedig pkuepah pkurahan alang mosa lmamu hbaro seedig kurinug kndalah Feco, kiyaka to seedig mkarux tnalang Hati di, deheya ka kmuepah purana nonye cinci. Hati we kinan bale Sekai kndalah seedig kurinug pneyah rtu Feco psu ooda alang, deheyanag peheyui kingan koka, ktaun spegan we mlaale 1 peheyu koka menag Ciaropi. Knkawas 2012, Hati pahakari mesa nikan rnrnngan na suupu kingan heyi menag Fecorenmon. Hati we kingan bale menag Meco 95% seedig karux peheyu kingan Konhoko. Haiti dahaka siyo na Tominnicai pnheyu rtu seedig ratin, ini pntenaka haten daha, Meco iciban krinut koka ka Hati，knkawas 2015 knkingan seedig pnyahan daha pila 804 pila dame kingan knkawas, spegun seedig bobo deheran we rumaban bici haten daha, spegun koka ga Sucie we rumaban lulebu haten daha. Knkawas 2019, knkingan seedig menag Hati we spuun smepu ka kndisan kndesan daha 64 bale. == Risu (歷史) == Tnalang seedig Intian seedig Arawako tnduheran Hati hii. Knkawas 1492 hne na korunpu dehu hini, tguyangun na deheran Ispaniaula(deheran Sipanya), knkawas 1502 pradin kruhangun na Sipanya. Wada mnarux tenfa, uka menyiri ka seedig Arawako kiya wada mdhedu hukin di. Sipanya kiyaka gunbarui krinut seedig karux, meyah meepah alang nii. knkawas 1697 pnatis daha keyaku rosuweko, wada sbege Fako meyah kmrahan. Knkawas 1791 kbusuran seedig karux Tsan. Ruwetur tmuti seedig Hati knciyug mcucebu peheyu na deheya na kmurahan alang, deheya pradin bale peheyu nana pkurahan. Knkawas 1804, supi mntarin dehug Taicukan, ma pahakari mesa deheya nana peheyu kmurahan, snm''a''ru Konhoko. Bobo na mehedu peheyu kinanga na koka ka Haiti, ini kehudu moda peheyu hunyegan minsukoka, mrrudu ka knruhangan na, wada puhuyegun  baro ka kbsuran de ini daha snbusiyag pohun daha rumiyu dungan, ktaun snpegan de, kndaraha knkawas 1915 dmoi na kmurahan dehug 100 knkawas, dehug 90 kbsuran wada daha riuhun. Knkawas 1957 gmutange  supi, knkawas 1957 twariai wada mangan senkio kbusuran, heya kndalah seedig tunalang gumaoo kbusuran,mangan Sosoto Hati, kndalah ciida  tnspah nana dmoi kmurahanm, dehug knkawas 1986 wada daha psurihu. Bobona kbsuran supi Hunri.nanfe tmutui kesun "kmurahan knkana alang yiyinkai"supi dmoi babale kmrahag. Knkawas 1990, Petoran.aristito moda senkio wada mangan Sosoto, ini dehug ali na knurahan wada pohun supi smueraq ndaan. Knkwas 1994, spooda daha beyah Renhoko smunetun kkruhangun, Aristito unberih meyah Sosoto dungan. Knkawas 1996, Rone.prewar mangan Senkio Sosoto. Knkawas 2000, Aristito moda mangan dungan senkio Sosoto. Knkawas 2004 idas 2, beyah supi wada pkduri Aristito mosa alang icn，kndurikan na dehug knkawas 2011 。 Bobona supooda Senfa Cuekafayen Tafakwan Ponifesu. Yarisanta moda dumoi Rinzi Sosoto, snkagun supi dmayo kmurahan ka Renhoko. Knkawas 2006 idas 2 ali 7，moda senkio Sosoto dahaka Giyin, 33 seedig mosa senkio Sosoto,1300 seedig mosa senkio Giyin maha garun 129 ttrungan Gikai. Idas 2 ali 16, sseki rinzi senkio yiinkai pahakari rmengo, posa ngayan Sosoto Siwatan Prewar wada manga 51.15％ kipu ubeyah manga Sosoto [6], kklahangun na dehu knkawas 2011. Knkawas 2010 idas 1 ali 12, nikan Zesu kuemo 7.0 disin ka Hati，16 konri knthiyaun snpegan na disin kndlah truma tunux alang Taicukan, darin hari pnyahan na Disin nii parubeyah snrikan na. Bobo gndregan ali 2 bobo mnekan 4 zi 53 pn. Bobo na dngan peeyah dahag 5.9 ma 5.5 beyah na Disin nii. Egu riun wada mrukeraq sapah menag alang Taicukan, ani wada 10-20 man seedig wada mgedan. 15 man bkers seedig wada han smeku sapah pkurahan，yebale 20 man seedig gagareesun deheran truma nana, pndugusun rmgerun yebale pdehug 35 man seedig wada mgedan. == Tiri(地理) == Ga menag tguirin deheran icirun Yispaniaula ka Hati, kngurahan deheran we 27,750 pinfankonri, 27,560pinfankori we deheran, 190 pinfankonri we Ksiya ga kriun deheran. 1,771 konri ka kndisan na ssiyo icirun ka Hati, 360 konri kndisan ayusna dahaka Tominnika. Gana nikan Isupaniaula deheran cuceka icrun tgunarat na ssiyo icirun mtukiri bale, ssiyo icirun uka hari deheran ga cceka icirun. Ga cuceka dugiyag mguegun Kotirola ka Hati, asi klayi deheran dugugiyat, kndalas tgunara dehug tguirin ga paasu 4 dgiyat mkuri kingan eru. Daheran cuceka icirun Isupaniaula ga na nikn Hati, deheran kiya ini pntena rumiku Kotirola menag bkui Paoci ma Kcinci rungugiran na smumalu dugiyat Arpesu, baleba kndalah Sincici pneyah deheran mddeka mhebin, rngugiran na bobo deheran kndalah Sinsu, dehug Knpriyug Sinsu gaga moda knpuriyuh na. Dgiyat lmaban knbubalo Pic la Selle, knburawan na we 2,680 mi kndalah icirun smeun. Egu klegan ka kntutirux karag ka Hati, mdegu hari ka bbulenuh, msemun ka rrumiku, dgiyag Kotiaula balo taun so rumiku msekui kara 。knkyuh na asika taun hnyegan deheran，taun so dmueda bgifun de knyehan kyuh dehug 1,905 haumi（ropone hati）, mntena dgiyat ma mtubkui bgihun anona 559 haumi ka knegu kyuh na (konayifu). Deran na Hati psugun tgubalo we deheran bruenux, dgiyat tgubalo, dgiyat bruenux cuceka, tguirin balo Hati we rumiku, cuceka Hati we rumiku, artiponito, cirtosako, laiaukan, dgiyat hunag, 9 klegan baleba ttaun. Bsiyat knkawas smipa khuni bburigun, hmuneru bgurah ka hmuneru Deheran na Hati saya, soka mtutiruh kara ango khuni ma sdu nana, khuni mdudengu karat, sohari deheran bnaqui hmeru khuni llebu, karat mtutiruh humeru khuni mtutin waso, hmeru snquyuh khuni mgusama, khuni hmeru deheran pknquyuh, khuni mgusama bbuyu ma ssudu. Cuzan cuyen menag Hati soka Deheran ruifantu, ton, tansuankai, kin, tarisu daha ka qusiya. Qusiya lmaban bbaro we Atiponi. Uka ddaan hune qusiya menag Hati. Spegun deheran ka knbubaro icirun na Hati we 12 hairi, knburawan ayus na icirun we 24 hari, spegun kgurahan icirun cincici we 200 hairi. == Cuncu (政治) == Ktaun Senfa na Hati pnhuyegan knkawas 1987, kingan gaya Konhoko ka Hati, Sosoto ka kbusuran koka daha. Ooda alang we nkan pkrahan, tunux pkrahan we Conri. Pkrahan peheyu gaya we kominfeyi psugun daha canconyen. Gaya kkrahan; kndalah baga seedig senkiyo ka Sosoto Hati, mntehan mangan meepah we 5 knkawas, mrutu de mndaha bale mangan kpahun. Sosoto gmao peheyu Conri, ma moda psuruwa Kominfeyi. Conri peheyu kana Pucan ma hiso Kowu, daun na dmdun gaya pkuepah asika pdaun snuheyi smruwa na Kominfeyi. Knkingan kkrahan na Hati we: nonye, cuzancuyen ma noncun hatenpu, sanye ma konyepu, caicunpu ma cincipu, waiciaupu, cinpausetiaupu, necun ma kofanpu, sufapu, kominciayi, cinnen ma tiyipu, cifa daha ka waikoyencupu, konkonwesun ma zenkopu, konkonkoncun, yinsu ma tonsinpu, sofeswpu. '''Rifa; kominyife we pkrahan rmaban paru sapah smumaru gaya,''' nikan canyiyen ma conyiyen. Canyiyen we meneg 30 giyin, kinagn kkrahan nikan 3 giyin, 2 knkawas pruhun 1/3 ygiyin. Conyieyn nikan 119 giyin, 4 knkawas puruhun tehan. '''Sufa; smungun gaya tarufasi ka Hati'''，gaya horicu na smnegun gaya Romafa. Dmoyi rmaban balo sufacian we Hati cuwekafayen. Smruwa moda saiban Haya kocifatin ka Hati. Dobuna; Siwancunsen(Fwon Lespwa/Front de l’Espoi) , Kociamincu cinputafe(Rassemblement des Démocrats Nationaux Progressistes) , Respè tan、snbereh smumalu Hatikiristo kiyokai cienkoremon(Union Nationale Chrétienne pour la Reconstruction d’Haïti), snmalu bgurah Hatikiristo kiyokai(Mouvement Chrétien pour Batir une Nouvelle Haïti), zenmin fento (Oganizasyon Pèp Kap Lité), minsu tonmontan(Alyans/Alliance Démocratique), snbereh snmalu kocia cunsen(FRN) kociahoce turiyinton(Mouvement Indépendant pour la Réconcilation Nationale). '''Waiciau;''' Hati we tgimah kingan heyi Renhoko, Sekaiginko, Meco kafainhan, Kocihopicicin cucu, Sucie mauyicucuu, Ciaropiha kontonti. Ye bale 30 koci ma tici nikan sapah kpahan menag Hati. Knkawas 2010 idas 1 bobo dicin, kocisofe ini beyo meyah dmayo, ma mege Hati cinci yencu. Unbeyah mesa tocu dahaka dnayo spun blekun ppulegou hbalo kocia we kpahun waiciau na Hati. Hati dahaka Confaminko nikan mgugalug ka waiciau daha, ini mgugalug waiciau dahaka confazenmin konhoko, nikan ka sanma sapah kpahan. === sincuncifa；10 sincunci ka Hati： === Atiponitosn, Conyasn, tawansn, nipussn, pepusn, tonpesn, sipesn, sipusn, tonnansn, napusn. == Cicin(經濟) == Spu kingan menag Scie we lmban truma kaifa na ka Hati. Seedig ga booderan ktaun so plungagan haten na Renhoko kaifacifasu we, 177 snpegan kana koka we ga menag 154 tnbkeyan na Hati. Knkawas 2004, GDP （snpegan knkelun na bnrigan ）na Hati we 120.5 iku pila dame, GDP knkingan seedig we 380 pila dame, tnbkean na we menag 150. Knkawas 2004 tofopncan na Hati we 22%, sakin na ngagu we 14 iku pila dame . 7/10 seedig Hati kingan ali mangan 1,2 yen pila dame bale knpahan na. pila Hati we krto(Gourde), ptasn we HTG, kinngan krto spegun 100 sntin. Cicin na Hati we nonye bakanana ppkun. Hubalo seedig pkepah gaga nana meepah deheran na tikoh, uka bbrigun ma meepah nana pkun na, maha fumrinas 70% kana deheran ga kkpahun. Maruh sokiya we, bobo turi ka Hati Yarisanta·peti ka sosoto knguheti ka pnhumaan sibus wada na pssgun ka deheran, wada na sntutikoh paasu na kpahun seedig kalux (knkawas 1791 74,000 tun kncuhediran gubarui na alang icin, knkawas 1825 wada meerih dehug 20,000 tun, knkawas 1960 de meerih 15,000 tun nanag di). Knkawas 1791-1802 pceka ciida mrrdu ka seedig karux, ga menag tgubaro so bruenux mdengu ka seedig behege, snaludaha eru qusiya cwakun daha pnhumaun wada srikun seedig karux krinuh, dehu 19 suci uka ssrumean wada daha lahun bale di, heyi seedig Hati 50% ga menag tgubaro Hati, kkudesun daha knpahan spegun kana kpahun malu deheran anona 17% deheran gaga daha kpahun. Knkawas 1915 -1934 ciida Meko ga kmrahan Hati, seedig behege ga tgubaro Hati ga gnbgrah palu knpahan, spun smepu kana kpahan alang dehug 7% knglahan na, spegun kana nangan knpahan na Hati pdehug 30% ngangan na. Anina so seedig behege ga dmoi bbrigun alang icin, anina sokiya wada baka ka ppkn na ka Hti. Berah knkawas 1987, baka ppkn belas na Hti han, belas psu bale ppkn na seedig Hati, Sosoto meko kolintun knkawas（1992 - 2000）, sefu kolintun paha kari sefu Hati mesa asika huridun 35％ dehu 3％ zekin na belas meyah lemuh gunbarui Hati mesa, belas kndalah Meko bici brigun, kana ppkn belas seedig Hti we 40 man kontun 3/4 kndalah Meko. Ini phumaka seedig Hati di, korintn wada snberih kari belah na tasu Hati menag Renhoko. Saya knpahun daha psubale ppkn we srkemu （30 mankobu kguheti ga phumaun）dahaka ka kaulian. Tgubaro nikan tikoh paye mdengu, alang atiponi nikan 7 man kobu ka yukeyag. Bnga khuni, bunga, sanyau dahaka blebun we ppkn nag seedig Hati. Ini brigi icin. Pmahaun daha pyahun pila we kafe, 14man kobu knguheti ga daha pmhaun, gunbarui daha alang icin we 2.2 man tun dehug 4 man tun. Snpsan pnyahan na knpahan we sibus ma cenma. Knkawas 2004 kana gnbarui knpahan mosa alang icin na Hati we dehu 3.38 iku pila dame, rumaban egu gnbarui alang icin we Meko （spegun kana gnbarui na Hati dehu 81.8% knegu）. Snpusan we Tominicia dahaka Kanata, ppkn ka psu na bbrigun kndalah icin, snpsan we tninun daka sifepin. Knkawas 2004 bnrigan na kkeya na Hati we dehu 10.85 iku pila dame, psuna bnrigan we kndalah Meko （spegun kana bnrigan na Hati dehu 52.9%）, snpusan we Tominnicia, Nihon dahaka toko. Ado ini baka ka nunyen, konye na Hati ini hatacu. Knkawas 1960 nikan hacidenso menag yayun luhengo atiponito dnayo snalu na seedig behege, tunux alang na taicukan nikan mcumici koba soka semento, udon, smalu kcu, tuminun, seken, sumalu iyu, mmahun, abla pkn, soriau, kyukeya sapah, smalu sino, bruenux tgudaya nikan koba cenma, bruenux rekai ga mhuma sibus nikan koba sato. Hbaro uka kpahan ka seedig Hati, seedig meepah 2/3 ini kseesu kpahun daha. Unbeyah bale haten tthikan ka Hati, nikan semon sapah kmurahan tthikan. Dehug knkawas1956, nikan 6.6 man seedig meyah teheyag Hati, seedig mneyah tgudaya dame puau meyah teheyag, pnyahan pila na Hati we bnrigan kafe iciban knegu bobo nade seedig meyah teheyag(knkawas 1961 we 1000 man pila dame). Bobo knkawas 1962, mrrdu alang ma nikan mnaruh aicu, wada hmirig ka seedig meyah teheyag. Meko rmaban palu dnayo na Hati, kndalah knkawas 1995 dehug knkawas 1999, Meko dynayo na Hati we 8.84 iku pila dame, wada na brigun ppkn, haten nonye, tmugesa ndan sense, kegaku ttinraki dahaka kegaku cenkan paucan. Meko hopin tue dahaka kumi gmalu seedig snkagun seedig pdayo meyah Hati. Koci hopicicin dahaka koci kafa ginko mege duyano na Hati duri. == Sofe(社會) == knbharo seedig；knkawas 2008 ktaun pnnatis patis na Renhoko, knbharo seedig na Hati we 980 man [7], myuheyuh riun gaga daha nikn. Hbaro ga menag ssioyo ucirun ma bruenus dgiyag 。yahari 95% heyi seedig Hati we seedig karux kndalah tguirin Feco, mnungari na hbaro we seedig Morato. 93% seedig Hati we ga menag alang kpahun ma alang pngelah ini hurinas 2,000 heyi seedig . 85% heyi seedig ga meepah nonye. Seedig Morato palu hari nndaan daha , hubaro ga meepah cncu dahaka konsanye menag alang Taicukan, seedig karux we ga menag mntenag alang bici Sife kesn daha Kanpato. Seedig Hati psgan daha nruan dara kndalah seedig karux , 7/8 dara seedig karux we seedig Malapu, 3/4 we Korifu, 1/2 we mrato , 1/4 we kwatoron , 1/4 we domustifu. Wenfa; Fayi galun kari kmrahan, 10% seedig rmengo Fayi. Kana Seedig Hati we mkela rmengo kari kingan pkurahan kesn daha Hatikoriau. So riso dahaka seedig msobai we pladin rmengo kari Ego . Psu daha snhiyan Hati we Roma tensiukio, anisa hbaro seedig ga snheyi nag Utciau. Rmaban paru alang na hati we tunux alang Taicukan, ga menag kiri icirun konafwan, knbrahun seedig na we hmrinas 200 man. Haticia ga tgudaya putin deheran Hati unpsan palu alang ma upsan palu baso ucilun han mtarin asu, berah knluhangun Fako han we Sntominko, Haticia we tunux alang ciida, cuceka alang egu srumeyan sapah palu ma glahan ka eru ma geheti baso tthikan. Kndalah alang mukri truma 18 komri, kowan Hunri.koristofu knrahan tgudaya Hati snueru Toko smumalu pocutan konten siayaukon（Palais Sanssucci）nrihan nnikan, dahaka nnikan lafeair cunpau（wada ptasun zaisan suce wenfa ）. snuhiyan; dehug 85% seedig Hati rumengo na snuheyi ku kiristokiyokai mesa, lmaban hbaro snuheyi Roma tensikio. Hbaro bale knseyun snuheyi tensukio ka seedig Hati, knrahan koka icin ciida egu pnheyu daha kiyokai duri. Nikan na seedig Hati snuheyi Futuciau （kesun daha utuciau）. Niiwe snuheyi hubaro utux kndalah hniti rudan menag Feco, ga na gumahun gaya cmuca tensukio nikan snuheyi utux, kiyaka ini stutayi na dendosi, Snuhiyan kiya kndalah Fako mosa kmerag hbalo krinuq desun na mosa pkrinuq Fako, snuhiyan kiya kndalah hini gumaran dehu Hati. Sosoto berah rautuwaria dmoi snnuhiyan nii, peheyu supi kesun daha 「tontunmakuto」（bkn utux mekan seedig）, mkere bale knruhangan na seedig. Uyas; seedig Hati snheyi ftuciau mesa karidaha uyas we hako ma mggaru bobo deheran ktansaya dahaka bobo deheran menag rnrnngan, palubale dnoyi na gumaran uyas na Hati, kana so rioko hunyegan na uyas na Hati, mahaso mgugaru hari snsemun ftuciau dahaka gaya ddaun alang. ppkn; pnhrayun ppkn Hati we paru sneru daha kndalah Fako, anina sokiya we nikan nana snmeyan daha nana. Beroh dahaka paye psbale ppkn daha. Kuhun daha mekan ka ido paye gmahun abra kanlan.soni ka pnhpre na: nnbwa ka ksiya de psanun na ka beras , bobo na de psaun na ka abra kanlan, mahada ka ido de cuwakun na ksiya leetu ma rcuhun na abra dapa, rwahun na pni phraun dehug mdengu ukaksiya. Seedig Hati mndaha mekan kingan ali. ktaun ppkn daha gumahun daha ppkn we siyan, wawa miri, rodux, kcurux,nemu srkemu, ciokkwe, nasubi, tomato, ucitanah, ucimgusama, cocencau, ninzin, yancon, wancai, ninikupalu. Pnruhayan na seedig tnduheran we uci cacuzo, kcurux gmahun nemu srkemu, ido pgumahun beroh ma wawa dapa , brebun, bnga dahaka sanyau. Seedig menig maci we kokokolo, paisukolo, Seedig pkepah mekan riumn manko, sanyau, rramu beroh, bnga ma srkemu. Asika smesun de mekan wawa, barun ma rramu mirku. ciauton; ini haten ciauton na Hati, kingan bale eru rru pni dehug 135 konri kndisan na, kndalah taicukan mkri balo dehug bruenuh atiponito alang wereto . Ado ini khbaro taapa ka seedig, kndalah knkawas 1960 ini papa seedig di （knkawas ciida ano na 2,200 seedig paanun na）. Deheran tgubaro ga mhma sibus ma cenma, nikan eyuh eru daun rru pni yebale 120 konri kndisan na. Eru rruwe dehug 3,000 konri kndisan na, nakah daun eru rru na, kmyuh de uka ddaun. Kingan bale eru asuruto lumtu Taicukan dahaka haticiau. Mapa kyukeya dahaka seedig pooda toraku dahaka  rruroba, darin so hhaun de asi kkesa di. Nikan 500 hune mapa kyukeya ssio icirun. Ini keegu ka erru, smumaru mntena kadi mcpecu ka ciaton na Hati, 8 ka hikozio na kana alang. Nikan kocicican ka taicukan （ktai tsan.rwetur kocicican）. Bbrigun alang icin de moda baso icrun Taicukan ka  kana kykeya na Hati, baso icirun hiya dehu 600 koncu knedis na slumeyan sumeto yahun starin hune, smesun srmeyan alang 200 knkawas ciida bnege na kocisanpin ciayife, baka na 4 hune starin, tgudaya baso icirun han starin hune kcurux dahaka hune mapa kyukeya. Haticiau we mpsan palu baso icirun, hopin kan we（Port-de-Paix）rbaban paru baso icirun mapa ripantu brigun alang icin. == Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料） == [[Snakun:Tgdaya]] * [http://www.cia.gov/ CIA] * [http://www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html 外交部] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government] *https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0<nowiki/>(參考自中文維基百科) e2wdiha76h4l06voiak7mvk66hk4dve 0 776 108308 108220 2026-04-26T14:23:52Z T20854 2961 108308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Flag of Madagascar.svg|thumb|Kwoci Ma-da-ga-si-ka-ra (馬達加斯加)|alt=Flag of Madagascar|345x345px]] [[Patas bntasan:Seal of Madagascar.svg|thumb|Kwohwey (國徽)]] Gaga kska Meycow ka [[Madagascar|Ma-da-ga-si-ka-ra]], 20 00 S, 47 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 587,041 sq km (hangan na o Tg47) (knlbanga dxgal o 581,540 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 5,501 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 24,430,325 hiyi. Gaga [[Antananarivo]] ka pusu alang paru, [https://web.archive.org/web/20240308134301/https://www.doktertip.com/kb-implan/ Kb implan] jiyax 26 idas 6 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Madagascar ga wada sugan 71.10% ka dxgal qpahan, 21.50% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 7.40% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Hery Rajaonarimampianina, pnaah hngkawas2014 idas 1 jiyax 25pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. [[Patas bntasan:MDG orthographic.svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay (自然地理位置)]] cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ == Ri-s (歷史) == '''Jidayi qnlhangan Fransi''' Kngkawas 1883 cida, Fransi u knrmux Madagasikara, tumn1 muda pspuruq ka mccbu ka Madagasikara, pusu balay pa alaw “Patan Pnsdhuwan Ranpot” u ini srwanai Imorina wangkwo Babaw dnhdu mccbu daw, Madagasikara u wada dha subway Fransi ka alang mkbrnux tudaya trdunan asu Anciranana, kiya mi smquri mpslutuc  Ranpot pririh pila 56 knbkiyan hwarang. Kngkawas 1890 cida Ta Ingtikwo u wada smruwa Fransi ka mangal biyax qmlahang Madagasikara, binaw seyhu Madagasikara u ini sruwa thyi biyax Fransi. Alaw iyux pthyi Madagasikara, Fransi u brah mi thiti kngkawas 1894 idas 12 mi kngkawa 1895 idas 1 spuda ppuniq beyhing cnbu mi wada mangal tunarac mkngahu ucilung Tuamasina mi tuiwil mkngahu ucilung Mahacanka Lmutuc hiya ka 1 Fransi ini biyaw tuci butayi mquri Antananariho mcbu, klelu u alaw mnarux nyeyci mi ddulan lmlamu mnarux kiya ka wada mqraqil balay. Bukuy Dungan Fransi u kndadax Algeria mi tuhunac Sahara Ahurika smkaun miyah dmayaw. Kngkawas 1895 idas 9, butayi dhuq nganguc alang mkbrnux, spuda beyhing puniq cnbu wangkong, hbaraw bay sediq ka wada mrdang mi mangal ruqah, Ranawaro 2su bukung qridin pa alaw soniyi wada tosyang Fransi u mniq kngkawas 1896 wada mangal dxral Madagasikara, kiya ka mniq kngkawas 1897 pkla kari Fransi ka dmuwi biyax qmlahang Madagasikara, Imorina wangkwo u wada kasi krhak da, wangsu u wada pltadan mquri Ryoniwang mi Algeria. Tnxral u ida muda mssli pnsliyan dmuwi 2 kngkawas muda mdakar undo, binaw wada dha pixan da mi, mniq kngkawas 1897 da uka bbsngaw da. '''Babaw dukuricu daw''' Wada snbarah dukuricu dungan daw, mnuda mk4 ini pntna ndanan pntna ndanan Madagasikara, kcka hiya ka mntxan u muda msupu smmalu keyngpo. Kngkawas 1960 dhiq kngkawas 1972 ka tu1 konghekwo iyax niya, spuda snkulan Fransi ka soto Huyripeyar Ciranana ka dmudul, pusu na balay u quri so keyjay mi seyji u ida mwewaluk balay Fransi nina. Ida nanaq hbaraw bay sediq Fransi ka ngalan bukung mpdudul qqpahun, knkana qnlhangan sapah pyasan pa ida nanaq lmutuc dmuwi mptusa rmngaw kari Fransi, patas mi sstusa uri. So Ciranana niyi ‘Burah cmin cuyi’ tongcu u wada msang mi smriq balay kana ka sediq, hbaraw bay sediq mpqpah mi laqi muyas ka muda kangyi kmciyuk, hiti balay daw mniq kmngkawas 1972 pspaux seyhu niya. Hataypay mpdudul niya, cida u Antananariho sucang Antri Racyawrina u mniq kngkawas 2009 pnrdingan cida dmudul sediq muda knciyuk, Rawarumanana u wada pkixun muway biyax mi wada plixan, binaw kana ndan niyi u ini pnlengu keyngpo kiya ka wada subway hangan ‘cngpyeyn’, ksngan hbaraw bay kwoci syakay uri. Kngkawas 2009 cida, knbaraw hoeyng pkla kari Racyawrinana ka knbaraw kwotu seyhu soto, rinji qmlahang ciko niyi u pusu bay muda dmudul seyngkyo soto, kiya mi iyax niyi u muda  smdhu uuda kana qnlhangan. Kngkawas 2010 cida, Madagasikara u spuda kana sediq qnhlangan smruwa burah keyngpo, phiyu tu4 konghekwo,  kcka niyi u lmutuc keyngpo brah na mincu, knou tang cngcu cyeyko. Kngkawas 2013 idas 10 diyax 25, muda tumntxan soto mi gikay seyngkyo ka Madagasikara, tumn2 soto seyngkyo u mniq kngkawas 2013 idas 12 diyax 20 muda, kiya  mi mniq kngkawas 2014 idas 1 diyax 7 cida ka pkla, Ayri Racyawnari Mamanpiyanina ka mangal 53.5% hyo phyuwan burah soto. == Ti-ri'''（'''地理） == Knrbangan tndxral Madagasikara u 59 knbkiyan pinghwang km, mniq anlangan qnhlangan u tu47 knbeyhing tndxral, kiya ka tu4 taw knkana qnlangan uri. Tndxral Madagasikara u to bay wa mniq nanwey 12˚dhuq 26˚, mniq iyax tongcing 43˚dhuq 51˚ Msdalih   tawyu u knkana tunarac  na Ryoniwang mi Morisis, kiya mi mquri tuiwil daya na Kmo mi Mayot. Tuiril na Mozambique ka msdalih balay qnlhangan taru. Madagasikara na qnlhangan taru.   == Sing-cng cyu-hwa（行政區劃） == Fransi cmin tangcyu  u mniq kngkawas 1946 cida wada dha psnakan 6 ka singcngcyu Madagasikara (faritany mizakatena), kiya ka malu psuwan biyax qmlahang. Kngkawas 2004, 6 sng niyi u wada psnakan 22 cyu Dungan (faritra). Spuda  mnhdu ndanan kngkawas 2007 Madagasikara keyngpo kongto, ida n6 sng u wada laxan, cyu ka wada mkala knbaraw singcng tanwey alang. Trahuc cyu u psnakan 119 keyng, 1579 ka kongse (cngcn) ma 17485 secyu (alang) (fokontany).    {| class="wikitable" |+'''Cyu mi ida nniqan sng''' !'''Cyu''' !'''Ida nniqan sng''' !'''Kngkawas 2004 snpngan knhbrawan hiyi sediq''' |- |1.Tiyana cyu 2.Sawa cyu |Anciranana sng |1,291,100 |- |3.Itasi 4.Anaramangka 5.Hwakinankarata 6. Pangkurahwa cyu |Antananariho sng |5,370,900 |- |7.Sohuyya cyu 8.Poayni cyu 9.Peycipoka cyu 10.Meyraki cyu |Maha canka sng   |1,896,000 |- |11.Araawtra-Mankuro cyu   12.Acinanana cyu 13. Anararankiro cyu |Tuamasina sng |2,855,600 |- |14.Amoronimaniya cyu 15. Sangmaciyat cyu 16. Hwahwawey-Huytoweynani cyu 17.  Acimo-Acinanana cyu   18.Ihworopey cyu |Huyyanarancua sng    |3,730,200 |- |19.Meypeyna cyu 20. Acimo-Antryeyhwana cyu 21.  Antroi cyu 22.Anosi cyu |Turiyara sng |2,430,100 |} == Cng-c(政治) == Kndadax kngkawas 1960 snpeyyah Fransi dukuricu daw, seyji Madagasikara u mnuda tnnayi dndulan hbaraw sediq hantay kangyi, mnpiya muda mtdiyal kari seyngkyo, mntxan tanhe, mn2 cyusu cngpyeyn mi mn1 mling pphuqil. Mnuda bsiyaq diyax so qnrqilan seyji ka Madagasikara, niyi u uxay wana keyjay tndxral, pnluban kana mpdayaw dhiya u wada dhuq 7 idas ka ini pangal kari mtdiyal, alaw so niyi wada song balay hmrinas ou kbkuy pila Amirika nngalan mpriwaw mi mawyi, lhaya ssalu Racyawrina ka dmudul quri hantay Rawarumanana uuda kangyi, kana ndanan niyi u niqan sasaw pqraqil, kiya mi niqan hmrinas 170 hiyi sediq ka wada phqilun. Kndadax kngkawas 2009 idas 3 prading, Madagasikara u mtmay Racyawrina cucng kwotu sci, mntxan cngpyeyn niyi u wada phtur dmayaw Madagasikara ka duma qnhlangan mi seyhu, kiya mi thtur uri ka pnluban mndungus waycyaw uri. Alaw so niyi wada thtur ka kkrana keyjay Madagasikara, kana mndungus bay ndanan seyhu cyxal u wada mkrau kana da. Uxay wana so kiya, seyji saya Madagasikara u alaw sediq Meyrina mniq 19 th smquri knlhangan mkngahu ucilung muda knrmux u wadaso snturung mqriqu niya uri. Mniq tubaraw dxral mi mkngahu ucilung na sediq u wada so ini mtbalay ka pnluban uri mi wada smpusal muda pspuruq mtdiyal. Quri biyax sediq Madagasikara u niqan qlhangun kcka keyngpo, qnlhangan dha u mnatas quri pnsdhuwan Qnlangan biyax sediq mi pnsdhuwan biyax llaqi niya ka ou patas pnsdhuwan qnlangan. Quri snlhayan snhiyan, llutuc Sediq Tnpusu mi ppnsliyan singpyey u to bay qhlangan horicu kana. Mtrawah pqpringan mi pssli u mntana qlhangan horicu uri, binaw mniq balay uuda da u, mncun ini srwani muway patas snrwanan mi htranan seyhu ka hbaraw hiyi mssli kiya ka shtur dha quri knciyux seyji. Pndkanun duma qnlhangan dmuwi tikuh ka qlhangan horicu u, Madagasikara cuan butayi u dmuwi kusing kiya, kiya mi dmuwi biyax qnlhangan mipix u uka hari qtan kiya, binaw heytay mi keysacu u ida niqan ka knhmuc qmraq mi quri so uuda umowi pila. Rawarumanana u kngkawas 2004 phiyu hantay msburaw pumn ‘BIANCO’ (Iyin ‘Piank’), so niyi u Antananariho na turuma bukung mqnaqah piri u wada mtura bay  mlih, binaw tubaraw bukung u uka muda cisu kiya. == Jn-ko(人口) == Dhuq kngkawas 2016, knhbrawan hiyi sediq Madagasikara pa ya bay niqan 2500 knbkiyan hiyi sediq. Sediq Madagasikara u hmrinas knkana 90%, kiya mi malu pskanan 18 kluwanan joku. 21 th pnrdingan muda DNA keyngkyo pnklanan dha u, ciin sediq Madagasikara u pnspuwan Nataw minjoku mi sediq Pantu, ya bay pndmka, binaw niqan ka duma sediq secyu ciin dha u ptura sediq Nataw minjoku mi sediq Pantu uri, niqan ka Arapo, Indu mi Oco dara dha ka hbaraw balay uri. Tukcka dxral tubaraw na sediq Meyri u snpeyyah Nantaw minjoku piri ka knbaraw balay, minjoku niyi u knkana knhbrawan hiyi sediq Madagasikara na 26%, hmrinas knkingal minjoku; alang nniqan mkngahu ucilung u rudan cbiyaw dha u hbaraw ka snpeyyah sediq Pantu. Kana minjoku mkngahu ucilung u sediq Peycimisaraka ka hbaraw balay sediq, kiya ka knkana qnlhangan hiyi sediq na 14.9%, thiti niya daw 6% ka sediq Cimiheti mi sediq Sakarawa. Niqan ini khbaraw hiyi minjoku ka Hwayi, sediq Indu mi sediq Kmo, niqan duma ini khbaraw ka niqan daran sediq Oco, kcka hiya u snpeyyah Fransi ka hbaraw niya. 20 th thiti niya, duma llutuc ini khbaraw minjoku u alaw wada thdil duma mi mncun muda mtdiyal ka minjoku kiya ka wada mlih ka knhbrawan dha da, mray kngkawas 1976 sediq Kmo u alaw Mahacanka muda hantay Kmo mi kiya wada qduriq nganguc. Spngun ka niyi u, sediq Madagasikara thdil u uka ka knbeyhing balay lmlu. Sediq   Oco u kndadax dukuricu ka Madagasikara daw wada kndudul mlih, kndadax 1958 han u niqan 6 knbkiyan 8430 hiyi han wada mlih dhuq babaw 30 kngkawas daw 1 knbkiyan 7000 hiyi sediq. 20 th 80 kngkkawas kcka cida, knkana Madagasukara uniqan 25000 hiyi ka sediq Kmo, niqan 18000 hiyi ka sediq Idu, niqan 9000 hiyi ka Hwajn mniq qnlhangan Madagasikara. Knkawas 2009 cida knkrana ryu knhbrawan hiyi sediq Madagasikara u ya bay 2.7%. Knhbrawan hiyi sediq u kndadax 1999 cida ka 220 knbkiyan hiyi sediq dhuq mkala ya bay 2200 knbkiyan hiyi sediq. Ya bay niqan 42.5% hiyi sediq u ini dhuq 15ngkawas, 54.5% ka wa mniq iyax 15 dhuq 64 kngkawas. Hmrinas 65 kngkawas ka rudan u knkana hiyi sediq 3% balay. Wada dukuricu ka qnhlangan daw, Madagasikara u wana kngkawas 1975 mi kngkawas 1993 ka mnuda smpu knhbrawan hiyi sediq. Kana qlhangan u wa mniq tunarac tubaraw dxral brnux mi tunarac mkngahu ucilung ka tqapur nniqan knhbrawan hiyi sediq, quri so tuiwil dxral sspriq brnux u ini balay pntna pdkanan. == Karac'''（'''氣候） == Alaw dndulan pnspuwan bwihur tunarac hunac mi bwihur tuiwil daya, Madagasikara pa knkawas idas 11 dhuq so kawas idas 4 u to bay kntlxan bay qqyuxan, kiya mi yahan balay smliq bwihur kddiyax, kngkawas idas 5 dhuq idas 10 ka mtktu hari karac mi kndnguwan knkarac. Snpeyyah tukarac baraw rulung quyux ucilung Indu u, mniq dxral tunarac mkngahu ucilung tukarac baraw Madagasikara phrinas knou bay mhuriq hngak, mttuku bay pnhrnasan qsiya u dmkuh nniqan dxral quyux llmiqu kndkilan sitong. Tukcka tubaraw brnux unuqu kndnguwan mi kntltu dxral nniqan tunarac, dxral nniqan tuiwil u krinah bay kndnguwan kiya da, tuiwil hunac mi tuhunac kcka dxral Madagasikara u knkkarac dmka mdngu ka pusu balay. Kngkawas u qulung bay niqan mnou jetay spriq bwihur miyuk Madagasikara, beytaq bay smliq lhayan smnalu mi niqan sediq ka mrdang mi mluqah, smliq bay keyjay dha uri. Kngkawas 2004 cida, spriq bwihur Huyro u kiya ka kndadax niqan smpu patas prading knbeyhing bay spriq bwihur, wada mrdang 172 hiyi sediq, 21 knbkiyan 4260 hiyi sediq ka uka sapah nniqan dha, wada sliqan ka keyjay u hmrinas 2.5 oku pila Amirika. == Pnyahan pnatas (參考資料) == * [http://www.cia.gov/ CIA] * [http://www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html 外交部] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government] * https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0 *Tnhjil kari Tnhjil kari Diro(瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug *[https://web.archive.org/web/20240314030857/https://www.doktertip.com/gcs-glasgow-coma-scale/ Glasgow Coma Scale] *[https://www.mahakalmatka.com Mahakal Matka] [[Snakun:Truku]] bxr6nci4gxpy1ksvfnwuxqkhysyd5ly 0 872 108307 100703 2026-04-26T14:22:14Z T20854 2961 108307 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background:#F5F5F5; color: black; font-weight:bold; width: 400px; float:right" |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold" | Mklawa Ttgsa Klwaa |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal" |mklawa ttgsa klwaan ''Cunghwu Minkwo'' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center | [[Patas bntasan:ROC Ministry of Education Flag.svg|ROC Ministry of Education Seal|200px|center]] |- style="background:#0047AB; color: white; font-weight:bold; text-align:center" | colspan="2" | Pusu Klaan |- | style="font-weight:bold" |nQpringan | style="font-weight:normal" |''Singcngyueyn'' |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Psrmalun Hbangan hngkawas | style="font-weight:normal" |Sintaypi 1131 hpucing (hngkawas 2018) |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Smnruwa pnyahan gaya | style="font-weight:normal" |''Cucfa Singcngyueyn'', ''Cucfa Cyawyupu'' |- style="background:#0047AB; color: white; font-weight:bold; text-align:center" | colspan="2" | Pusu Empqpah |- | style="font-weight:bold" |Qbsuran | style="font-weight:normal" |''Uncung Pan'' |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Cngwu tg2 qbsuran | style="font-weight:normal" |''Mungci Ryow'', ''Cing Hwa Cay'' |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Cangwu tg2 qbsuran | style="font-weight:normal" |''Tngcyaw Rin'' |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Cujen Misu | style="font-weight:normal" |''Singkwo Ryaw'' |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Empskagul | style="font-weight:normal" |''Cungtung'' ni qbsuran ''Singcngyueyn'' |- style="background:#0047AB; color: white; font-weight:bold; text-align:center" | colspan="2" | Cuc Peync |- | style="font-weight:bold" |Ruwan Qpringan | style="font-weight:normal" |8 ka S, 6 ka Saan Qmeeph, 1 ka Jnwu Peyncu |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Qpruhan nPusu | style="font-weight:normal" |3 ka Su |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Cikow nPusu | style="font-weight:normal" |1ka Yueyn, 1 ka Tay, 9 ka Kwan |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Cikow Cuway | style="font-weight:normal" |30 ka kana |- style="background:#0047AB; color: white; font-weight:bold; text-align:center" | colspan="2" |Endaan Pnhiyugan |- | style="font-weight:bold" |Jiyax Pnhiyugan | style="font-weight:normal" |Hngkaws 1911 |- style="background:#0047AB; color: white; font-weight:bold; text-align:center" | colspan="2" |Llawa pkkla |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center | [[Patas bntasan:中華民國教育部 慶祝中華民國建國一百年 20110612.jpg|中華民國教育部|200px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal" |Sapah paru ''Cyawyupu'' |- | style="font-weight:bold" |Nniqan | style="font-weight:normal" |5 spgan Hunac Elug Cungsan Cungcngcyu Taypeys |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Qnawal | style="font-weight:normal" |+88627736-6666 |- | style="font-weight:bold"|Wangcan | style="font-weight:normal" |www.edu.tw |} '''Mklawa ttgsa klwaan Cunghwa Minkwo'''（中華民國教育部） Mklawa Ttgsa Klwaan Qqpahan ''Cngfu Cik ow Cunghwa Minkwo'' Mklawa ttgsa klwaa o pusu bi qpruhan pklawa muda quri ttgsa ''syueysu'', ''Tiyu'' ni ddaun mbbiyax, ida mqlahang dqpruhan s''ingcng'' ttgsa ''cngfu'' klealang. == Endaan (沿革) == * Hana phiyug ''[[Cunghwu Minkwo]]'', kika pryuxan “mklawa ttgsa klwaan (''Cyawyupu'')” ka hangan “''Syueypu''” Cingcaw siida, truma niya niqan “''Cngcngting''”, “Putung Cyawyus”, “ Pruway Cyawyus” ni “''Sehweys'' ''Cyawyus''” meuda quri qqpahun kmpriyux ttgsa ruwan klwaan. Bitaq idas 3 hngkawas 1926 do, bukuy phiyug ''Kwangcow'' ka ''Kwomin Cngfu'' o, kiya ka mlutuc kmlawa euda ka “''Cyawyu Singcng Weyyueynhwey''” da. *Hngkawas 1927 Miyah thjil ''Nancing'' ka qpahan ''Cunghwa Minkwo'' do, “''Tasyueyyueyn Cunghwa Minkwo''” ksun ga miyah kmpriyux “''Cyawyu Singcng Weyyueynhwey''” da, maa pusu bi knbaraw qrpuhan ttgsa ''syueysu'' klwaan. Manu ka “''misu''”, “baraw ttgsa”, “''cungyang'' pqquran” dnii ka pseanak muda ddaun ttgsa klwaan. *Jiyax 11 idas 12 hngkawas 1928 ''Cngfu'' ''Cunghwa Minkwo'' pkla “''Cyawyu cucfa''”, mntxal phiyug mklawa ttgsa klwaan (''Cyawyupu'')o kika qpruhan knbaraw na ''syueysu, unhwa'' ni ddaun ''cyawyu singcng'' msa, kiya ni paah siida mangal ''Cyawyupu'' ka dungus bi hangan da. *Hngkawas 1949, ''Cyawyupu'' ga smnegul kleegan ''cikow'' qqpahan ''Cungyang Cngfu'' thjil Taywan, prajing han o kmbarux sapah kneinu ''Taypeys'' saan dha qmeepah, ida ini kdhug ka saan dha qmeepah. Bukuy do, mklawa ttgsa klwaan ni sapah pyasan paru ''Kwori'' Taywan ''Tasyuey'' ga mnhdu kari kmbarux dxgal pyasan, mangal hangan “ Yawsyuey Tarow” phiyug saan qmeepah sapah, kiya ka mklawa ttgsa klwaan ''Tarow ('' niqan bi hangan emphiyug sapah Wangtahung ka ''seci''; nTaywan ''Cungtufu'' ''cungyang'' pqquran klwaan Tanah Tunux han ka hini), wada qhduan hngkawas 1971 ni prajing mduuy. *Idas 1 hngkawas 2013, msupu ''Singcngyueyn'' kpruyux ''Cuc'', ''Weyyueynhwey'' ''Tiyu Singcngyueyn'' ni ''Weyyueynhwey'' mbbiyax ''Singcngyueyn'' ga lihan maa “''Tiyusu'' ''Cyawyupu''” ni “ Mbbiyax ''facansu'' mklawa ttgsa klwaan”; Yasa iyux smkla muda 12 hngkawas ''Kowcyaw'', kska ''pankungs Cyawyupu'' ga wada na spuan ka ''Kwomin Cyawyus'', Kska ''Cyawyus'' dnii pnluban qpingan, pryuxan maa “ ''Kwomin ni Syueyceyn Cyawyusu'' na mklawa ttgsa klwaan''”''. Manu ka nmklawa ttgsa klwaan na ''cikow'' qqpahun o ida tduwa supuun lmglug ka ''cuc'' uri. *Jiyax 23 idas 7 hngkawas 2013, Pqquran ''Kwori Cungkwo Yiyaw'' pnryuxan ''Weysngfuripu'' do wada pryuxun “Pqquran ''Kwori Cungkwo Yiyaw''” dungan. *Idas 4 hngkawas 2014, Kska Pslian ''Unhwa Kwori'' ''Cungcng'' ga ''pnryuxan Unhwapu'' do priyux “ Dha Ssaan Pqqita klwaan na Kska pslian pqqita ''Yisu'' klwaan”. Jiyax 5 idas 1 hngkawas 2015, phiyugan ka ''Cikow Singcngfajen'' Kska Pslian smluhay ''yuntung''”.<ref>[https://archive.is/20120910121602/http://www.stnn.cc:82/hk_taiwan/200706/t20070611_555368.html ，當年因要反攻大陸不蓋樓 教育部借樓36年].星島環球網.2007-06-11</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/20120712012830/http://nownews.com/2007/06/11/327-2109955.htm]，佔用臺大土地36年？ 教育部：基於管用合一政策</ref> === Qpringan Ddaun (業務單位) === * Msupu ''Kweyhwas'' (綜合規劃司) * Tgbaraw ''Cyawyus'' (高等教育司) * ''Cisu'' ni Qqpahun ''Cyawyus'' (技術及職業教育司) * Mbitaq Hici ''Cyawyus'' (終身教育司) * ''Kwoci'' ni dha mssipaw ''Cyawyus'' (國際及兩岸教育司) * Ptgsa emptgsa ni ''Yisu'' ''Cyawyus'' (師資培育及藝術教育司) * ''Csyun'' ni Qeci ''Cyawyus'' (資訊及科技教育司) * Ddaun Empeuyas Patas ni Kingal Nanaq ''Cyawyus'' (學生事務及特殊教育司) === Qpringan Singcng (行政單位) === * Saan Qmeepah ''Misu'' (秘書處) * Saan Qmeepah ''Jens'' (人事處) * Saan Qmeepah ''Cngfu'' (政風處) * Saan Qmeepah ''Qwayci'' (會計處) * Saan Qmeepah ''Tungci'' (統計處) * Saan Qmeepah ''Fac'' (法制處) == Kana mnniqan qmpah mklawa ttgsa klwaan ''na'' qbsuran (歷任教育部長)== {| class="wikitable" | '''Kntxal''' ''' (任次)''' |'''Sasing''' ''' (照片)''' |'''Hangan (姓名)''' |'''Prajing qmpah (上任時間)''' |'''Malax qmpah (卸任時間)''' |'''Psrmalan (備註)''' |- |'''30''' |style="text-align:center;"| [[Patas bntasan:潘文忠部長.jpg|80px]] | [[Uncung Pan]] (潘文忠, Pan Wenchung) |Jiyax 20 idas 5 hngkawas 2016 |Sayang |Mndha muda qbsuran ''Cyawyupu'' |- |代理 | |''Rite Yaw'' (姚立德, Yao Leeh-ter) |Jiyax 26 idas 12 hngkawas 2018 |Jiyax 13 idas 1 hngkawas 2019 | |- |'''29''' |style="text-align:center;"| [[Patas bntasan:JiunnRong.png|80px]] |''Cyunjung Ye'' (葉俊榮, Yeh Jiunn-rong) |Jiyax 16 idas 7 hngkawas 2018 |Jiyax 26 idas 12 hngkawas 2018 |Mnuda qmpah qbsuran Neycngpu |- |'''28''' |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Wu Mao-kun 20180419 (cropped).jpg|80px]] |''Mawqun Wu'' (吳茂昆, Wu Maw-kuen) |Jiyax 19 idas 4 hngkawas 2018 |Jiyax 29 idas 5 hngkawas 2018 | |- |代理 | |''Rite Yaw'' (姚立德, Yao Leeh-ter) |Jiyax 14 idas 4 hngkawas 2018 |Jiyax 19 idas 4 hngkawas 2018 | |- |27 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:教育部長潘文忠舉行上任後的第一次記者會 05.jpg|80px]] |[[Uncung Pan]] (潘文忠, Pan Wenchung) |Jiyax 20 idas 5 hngkawas 2016 |Jiyax 14 idas 4 hngkawas 2018 | |- |26 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:教育部吳思華部長與學生代表面對面溝通展現善意對話 06.jpg|80px]] |''Shwa Wu'' (吳思華, Wu Se-hwa) |Jiyax 6 idas 8 hngkawas 2014 |Jiyax 20 idas 5 hngkawas 2016 | |- |代理 | |''Tehwa Cn'' (陳德華, Chen Der-hwa) |Jiyax 16 idas 7 hngkawas 2014 |Jiyax 6 idas 8 hngkawas 2014 | |- |25 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Chiang Wei-ling MOE Official.jpg|80px]] |''Weyning Cyang'' (蔣偉寧, Chiang Wei-ling) |Jiyax 6 idas 2 hngkawas 2012 |Jiyax 17 idas 17 hngkawas 2014 | |- |24 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:2008 WiMAX Expo Taipei Opening Ceremony TCG Chin-chi Wu.jpg|80px]] |''Cingci Wu'' (吳清基, Wu Ching-ji) |Jiyax 10 idas 19 hngkawas 2009 |Jiyax 6 idas 2 hngkawas 2012 | |- |23 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Voa chinese Cheng Jei-cheng 3jun09.jpg|80px]] |''Jweycng Cng'' (鄭瑞城, Cheng Jei-cheng) |Jiyax 20 idas 5 hngkawas 2008 |Jiyax 10 idas 9 hngkawas 2009 | |- |22 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:2007TaipeiITMonth Cheng-sheng Du.jpg|80px]] |''Cngsng Tu'' (杜正勝, Tu Cheng-sheng) |Jiyax 20 idas 5 hngkawas 2004 |Jiyax 20 idas 15 hngkawas 2008 | |- |21 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:黃榮村.jpg|80px]] |''Jungcun Hwang'' (黃榮村, Huang Jong-tsun) |Jiyax 1 idas 2 hngkawas 2002 |Jiyax 20 idas 15 hngkawas 2004 | |- |20 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:2008TIBE Day2 Hall1 ThemeSquare TaiwanMac OvidTseng.jpg|80px]] |''Crang Cng'' (曾志朗, Ovid Tzeng) |Jiyax 20 idas 5 hngkawas 2000 |Jiyax 1 idas 2 hngkawas 2002 | |- |19 | |''Cawsyang Yang'' (楊朝祥, Yang Chao-hsiang) |jiyax 15 idas 6 hngkawas 1999 |Jiyax 20 idas 5 hngkawas 2000 | |- |18 | | ''Cingcyang Rin'' (林清江, Lin Ching-chiang) |Jiyax 9 idas 2 hngkawas 1998 |Jiyax 15 idas 6 hngkawas 1999 | |- |17 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Jin Wu.jpg|80px]] |''Cing Wu'' (吳京, Wu Jin) |Jiyax 10 idas 6 hngkawas 1996 |Jiyax 9 idas 2 hngkawas 1998 | |- |16 | |''Weyfan Kwo'' (郭為藩, Kuo Wei-fan) |Jiyax 27 idas 2 hngkawas 1993 |Jiyax 10 idas 6 hngkawas 1996 | |- |15 | |''Kawun Maw'' (毛高文, Mao Gao-wen) |Jiyax 4 idas 7 hngkawas 1987 |Jiyax 15 idas 6 hngkawas 1993 | |- |14 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:李煥院長.jpg|80px]] |''Hwan Ri'' (李煥, Lee Huan) |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1984 |Jiyax 4 idas 7 hngkawas 1987 |Mnudu qbsuran ''Singcngyueyn'' |- |13 | |''Hweysn Cu'' (朱匯森, Chu Hui-sen) |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1978 |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1984 | |- |12 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:VicePresident-large-06 (cropped).jpg|80px]] |''Yueyncu Ri'' (李元簇, Lee Yuan-tsu) |Jiyax 25 idas 4 hngkawas 1977 |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1978 |Mnda ''Fucungtung'' |- |11 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:19690410蔣彥士.jpg|80px]] |''Yeyns Cyang'' (蔣彥士, Chiang Yen-si) |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1972 |Jiyax 25 idas 4 hngkawas 1977 | |- |10 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:19690819羅雲平.jpg|80px]] |''Yunping Rwo'' (羅雲平, Lo Yun-ping) |Jiyax 16 idas 4 hngkawas 1971 |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1972 | |- |9 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:教育部次長鍾皎光.jpg|80px]] |''Cyawkwang Cung'' (鍾皎光, Chung Chiao-kuang) |Jiyax 1 idas 7 hngkawas 1969 |Jiyax 16 idas 4 hngkawas 1971 | |- |8 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:19690410閻振興.jpg|80px]] |''Cnsing Yeyn'' (閻振興, Chung Chiao-kuang) |Jiyax 25 idas 1 hngkawas 1965 |Jiyax 1 idas 7 hngkawas 1969 | |- |7 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Huang Jilu.jpg|80px]] |''Ciru Hwang'' (黃季陸, Huang Chi-lu) |Jiyax 1 idas 3 hngkawas 1961 |Jiyax 25 idas 1 hngkawas 1965 | |- |6 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Mei Yiqi.jpg|80px]] |''Yici Mey'' (梅貽琦, Mei Yi-chi) |Jiyax 19 idas 7 hngkawas 1958 |Jiyax 1 idas 3 hngkawas 1961 | |- |5 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:19690410張其昀.jpg|80px]] |''Ciyun Cang'' (張其昀, Chang Chi-yun) |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1954 |Jiyax 19 idas 7 hngkawas 1958 | |- |4 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Cheng Tianfang2.jpg|80px]] |''Teynfang Cng'' (程天放, Cheng Tien-fong) |Jiyax 16 idas 3 hngkawas 1950 |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1954 | |- |3 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Hang Liwu.jpg|80px]] |''Riwu Hang'' (杭立武, Han Lih-wu) |Jiyax 7 idas 4 hngkawas 1949 |Jiyax 16 idas 3 hngkawas 1950 | |- |代理 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:19660929陳雪屏.jpg|80px]] |''Syueyping Cng'' (陳雪屏, Chen Hsueh-ping) |Jiyax 30 idas 12 hngkawas 1918 |Jiyax 7 idas 4 hngkawas 1949 |Mnririh puwu |- |2 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Mei Yiqi.jpg|80px]] |''Yici Mey'' (梅貽琦, Mei Yi-chi) |Jiyax 22 idas 12 hngkawas 1948 |Jiyax 21 idas 3 hngkawas 1949 |Ini uda qmpah |- |1 |style="text-align:center;"|[[Patas bntasan:Zhu Jiahua.jpg|80px]] |''Cyawhwa Cu'' (朱家驊, Chu Chia-hua) |Jiyax 1 idas 6 hngkawas 1948 |Jyax 22 idas 12 hngkawas 1948 |Tgkingal qbsuran bukuy muda Seyn |} [[Snakun:Truku]] ==Patis dyagan== 58vvbdv2x33c1mhelkbwbt6nfe74nhh 0 885 108298 103715 2026-04-26T14:02:58Z T20854 2961 108298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Flag of Monaco.svg|thumb|Kwoci Monak（摩纳哥國旗）|alt=Flag of Monaco|356x356px]] = Monaco（摩纳哥） = [[Patas bntasan:Coat of arms of Monaco.svg|thumb|Kwohwey（國徽）]] Gaga kska Owcow ka [[Monaco]], 43 44 N, 7 24 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 2 sq km（hangan na o Tg254） (knlbanga dxgal o 2 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 0 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 30,581 hiyi. Gaga [[Monaco]] ka pusu [[alang]] paru, jiyax 19 idas 11 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Monaco ga wada sugan 1% ka dxgal qpahan, 0% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 99% na.Pnyahan pnatasBukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Albert II, pnaah hngkawas2005 idas 4 jiyax 6pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.[[Patas bntasan:Monaco in its region.svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay.（自然地理位置）]] cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ = Monak（摩纳哥) = Monak kongkwo “ kari Fakwo : Principauté de Monaco”, tduwa skari Monak cingwangkwo, Monak hokwo, congwen o slawa Monak, kika mniq kingal Owcow na klwaan Cenpang. Gaga hunac Fakwo ka dxgal Monak, wana saw slalih ticonghay hunac hayangsyeyn, kana alang daya,gqiyan hidaw, hraan hidaw tru alang nii gisu qjinan Fakwo, pusu ka kndadax snpuan smudan alang Monak ni pnhyugan bukuy ssiyaw alang hini. kika knlangan o tqapur ni tgutu ka ssjiqan kingal klwaan ka alang dha, ciway klwaan ni cengpang ka Monak uri, kndadax Mongtikalwo tucang ni rmigaw ka ngngalan cingci dha. cyuncu lisyeync ka klwaan Monak, Monak cingwan ka cyuncu. Ini pquri kwoming kswey klwaan ka klwaan  Monak kika niqan bi hangan ka alang dha hini, slawa piswey alang baraw. == Endaan 歷史 == === Pusu pnnatas : Endaan Monak === Kndadax brah kongyueyn mataru sci tnhangan ka alang Monak, kndadax alang Silafucis“Phocaea” sejiq Fucis mniq pnhyugan siyaw alang dxgan kblux Sila hini - - Monwoik “Monoikos”.pnaah kari utux Sila, kari sbiyaw mnda hini ka talis Hayklis, kiya ka kiya ni sejiq Fucis mniq hini phiyu kingal tikong thmuku Hklis, ngalan hangan “Monoikos” “kari Sila : Μόνοικος, sapah ni thmkuan sapah ka tngsa hini”, kika knhuway pryuxan hangan alang hini. mniq hngkawas 1215pnhyugan kblxan dxgan Jenaya ka Monak duri. Kndadax hngkawas 1297, sida Fulanswowa. Klimarticyaw snangi psaw fangcixwey “Franciscan”na syotaws “mniq kari Itali siida tnhangan Monaco”sblxan ni qhlangan dha ka niqan bi hangan cyaws do, ida tnsapah Klimarti “Grimaldi”ka kmlawa Monak, wana hngkawas 1793 dhuq hngkawas 1814 ka ini pntna, Fakwo ka kmlawa Monak. Hngkawas 1815 dhuq hngkawas 1860, prngaw ka Weyyeyna qhlangun Monak ka alang Satingniya wangkwo, dhuq hngkawas 1861, dmuuy ka Monak kisa srwaun Fakwo – Monak pnkari. mniq hngkawas 1911 brah tgkingal syeynfa prngaw npragan nkari, kika ungac snpngan ka klwaan Monak cingwan. Idas empitu hngkawas 1918,pnpatas patas, pnpats hini mniq qhlangan Monak ka Fakwo. Pntasan nii gisu btasan ruwan “mnhdu pntasan Fangrsay”, uri uuda Monak asi ka muru kmlawa Fakwo, bliqun dha pshuya muda ka psaping ni cingci. Hngkawas 1919 pnpatas patas Fakwo, nasi wada mhuqin ka bukung klwaan uka ka snaw miyah dmutac qpahan na, kika musa krmux Fakwo ka Monak. Hngkawas 2002 niqan nanaq ka burah pnpatas dha klwaan hini, nasi uka ka mrih dmutuc qpahun bukun klwaan, ida enpburux ka Monak, ida pnkttu pqlahan ka Fakwo. tgdha psbu ka knlangan siida, jiyax mataru idas maxal kingal hngkawas 1942, gaga sblxan psaping Itari ka Monak, hngkawas 1943 ini baka ka Itari do brinah Monak. Langniay sans mniq hngkawas 1949 gaga mhuqin ka tama rudan Lui ars do hiya ka dmutuc qpahan niya. hngkawas 1962 piyah kingal burah gaya, laxan ka uuda phuqin, qhlangan ka djiyun pgaaw dqrijil, kika phyugan baru bi pslingan sapah ida psaw nii ka tnpusu dha nanaq. hngkawas 1993, mnduwa bi cenyueynkwo lyeynghkwo ka Monak da, kika balay bi niqan dmuuy pgaaw. jiyax mtrul kingal idas tru hngkawas 2005, yasa bsiyaq mnarux babaw tqiyan ka Tama rudan niya Langniay sans, Arpey wangc prajing mapa qpahun hini. jiyax mataru idas pac hngkawas 2005 kika hiya ka kmlawa Monak, qpahun tnlngan niya gaga mniq paru pnrhulan ssaan snkaway hiyi Tama niya Langniay sans. mndha psqaras ka tnlngan niya, mniq jiyax mngari idas maxal kingal hngkawas 2005 pqrasan mnkingal. == Kmlawa (政治​ ) == === Pusu pntasan : kmlawa Monak === Monak cingwan Arpey ars ka kmlawa Monak sayan,kika kingal klwaan cyunculisyeyn ka hiya. kndadax hngkawas 1911 ida pnuda cyunculisyeync ka Momak, qbsuran klwaan ka cingwan. Sosyan cuc na spac sejiq cenfu weyyueynxwey “qnpah ruwan”ka sklawa qpahun. kingal sejiqFakwo ka dmuuy qnpah sosyan, cingwan ka kndadax sapah qhlangan Fakwo piyah egu pgaaw sejiq miing kingalsejiq snkulan. Pnaah hngkawas 1962 pnkari gaya, sosyan mi iyueync klwaan pnskari “Monak ixwey”pbuway qpahun. kingal lifaciko empusal spac sejiq srwaun pngaaw kndadax hini ka nengaaw, rima hngkawas ka qpahun niya. == Llingay(地理) == === Pusu pnatas : llingay Monak, gnayus mklawa Monak ni teynhaykoncen Monak === Gaga mniq ticonghay peyan ka Monak, mdngu ni meuxun ka karac, bbaaw hngkawas buun bi hisaw, ida hini nanaq ka niqan saw nii karac ticonghay. kana klwaan hunac hraan hidaw Fakwo pinghay Arpeys sen tru nii ka gisu tqiri, 3500 mi knrbagan hraan hidaw gqiyan hidaw dxgal alang, 200 sngari ka dgring bi, knlaban saw 202 kongtwen “2.02 pingfangkngli, krinah ciway ka dha Nyoyuey congyan kongyueyn”, kana klwaan tgdha ciway ka alang dha, ciway bi knlaban lyeynhkwo xweyyueynkwo uri, kska knlaban 1/5 knndadax teynhay cawlu miyah kana, sngun pnhyugan ka dha pomanyoting niqan bi hangan haykan – Fongweyay yeykan ni Ayrcyulkan. Kana alang Monak uka yayung ni paru xupo, 164.4 m ka bowkax bi haypa, gaga mniq kingal babaw sdhrus. == Karac(氣候) == Karac ticonghay ka karac Monak “pnsnakan karac Kpen : Csa”, yasa pnsaw karac gsilung “Cfb”ni karac mcilux ni shriqan “Cfa”meuxun sdngu ka rbagan, mskuy ni sqquyux ka misan. [1] mntna putuh hari ka knrbagan rbagan, babaw qhidaw do knciway hari ka mcilux “ ini mnhrinas 30 tu C ka kncilux”, yasa miyah ka ini stuq yupan bgihur gsilung, kska ka kncilux. Kingal na hiya uri, yasa paru bi kncilux ka qsiya gsilung rbagan, kika meuxun bi ka kmaan. saw kdjiyax, ini kltu dhuq truma 20 tu C ka kncilux rbagan. misan siida Ini hari qtai ka sipa ni tucing huda, saw kdjiyax maxal knkawas mnkingal ni dha ka qtaan. [2] [3] jiyax empusal empitu idas sha hngkawas 2018, mntucin huda ka Monak ni Mongtikalwo.    == Hbangan(經濟​) == === Pusu pnatas : hbangan Monak === Kingal rmigaw ka pusu ngngalan Monak, knhngkwasan ida niqan egu sejiq yasa niqan tucan ni malu bi karac kiya ka sduriq dha balay. hngkawas 2001, kingal burah pnhyugan nii ka gisu klaban pusu kanko mato, pusu sngayan malu bi ka yolwen. Malu bi ka ngngalan hbangan Monak, pusu o pocay, rmigaw ni sapah sskuan pila dnii, alang hni ga saw fuuyuey ni ciway na, kawfucyac, uka rruciq kungyey egu klgan nii ka qpahan wada niqan malu bi ka pnuda dha. Ini sqita ngngalan kntaxa sejiq mangan kswey ka kmlawa. Aji manu ciway bi ka sejiqqn kana klwaan, ida ini stqi kmlawa ka egu tnlngan qqpahun hini, kana yucen, qnpah qnawan. qnawan Monak sayan niqan 6 tnegkmbkiyan ka jilan kufen Tatung tyeynpawcyu, niqan 45 tnegknbkiyan ka jilan kufen kmlwa, sskuan pila sapah Monak uri “Compagnie Monégasque de Banque”niqan 6 tnegkmbkiyan kufen. sqita dha paru bi ka kndusan Monak hini, dha gisu siyaw paru alang Fakwo wada mntna. uka ka kntaxa sejiqan swutswey cence ida sduriq ka niqan bi pila piswey thjij sejiqan, pusu ka kndadax saw klwaan Owcow. Kndadax mniq nganguc Monak kkana ngngalan wada egu bi ka ngalan dha, saw ka niqan bi hangan sejiq F1 pspun mriq rulu ida nii ka spluun dha qmita kkana, binaw hbaraw ka bnbari sejiq thjil hini. hngkawas 1865 pnhyugan ka Mongtikalwo tucan kika kndadax mqrinuc ka klwaan Monak wada niqan bi pila ka klwaan dha. Uxay cenyueyn kwo Owmong ka Monak, binaw wada srwaun dha Fakwo na kwanswey lyeynmong dmuy ni mntna pila Fakwo - - Oyueyn. Ini bi pstuq pslawa ka Monak ni Omong. Monak ka dmuuy smalu Oueyn. ana niqan ka pila klwaan ida dmuy snalu nanaq ka Monak. Mkray bi brgan sapah kana babaw dxgal ka gisu mniq ska dgiyaq Ajer La Villa sapah yahan sblaiq bi msangay Monak, yasa naqih ka llingay qpahan hini, ana wana 158 pingfanmi ka knlaban, binaw kana hunac haywan qtaan nkiya Fakwo, dha kkana qqpahhan o ida malu ka nniqan dxgal llingay dha, kiya hini ka sun saw malu bi qtaan ka qpahan nkiya hini, hngkawas 2017 gaga sbari 2.56 hpucing pila Amrika ka qpahan hini, knkingal pingfanmi sbari dhuq 162 kbuhug pila Amrika. == Ppanan(交通) == === Pusu pntasan : ppanan Monak === Uka kwoci cican ka Monak, sdalih siyaw bi ka Nisweylan hayan cican Fakwo “Nice Côte d'Azur International Airport”. Kndadax cican dhuq breenux Monak tduwa peapa Nis kongkong pas110 syeyn “ ngungu dhqan ppanan ka Manton “MENTON””,kiya ni ska breenux Nis niqan nanaq 100 syeyn kongkong pas tduwa dhuq Monak “mntna Manton ka ngungu dhqan ppanan”, asi ka niqan tqiri bbaraw buji 40 . 22 Oyueyn pila ppanan rulu 110 syeyn, kingal knkawas tduwa ppanan miyah musa patas ka 33 Oyueyn. tduwa papa Fakwo kwotyey “SNCF”rulu puniq uri, kndadax Nis mriq saw 15 bbaraw buji tduwa dhuq ppanan rulu Kalwo dxgal Monak. Pusu stmaan ppanan breenux Monak ka kongkong pas, kana niqan rima basu ka ddaun elu ruwan alang, pila Oyuen 2 ka ppanan rulu kntaxa sejiq “ niqan ka tduwa mgaaw kingal jiyax patas ppanan sejiq uri” Route 1 : Monaco Ville - Saint Roman - Monaco Ville   Route 1 : Monaco Ville - Saint Roman - Monaco Ville Route 2 : Monaco Ville - Jardin Exotique - Monaco Ville  Route 2 : Monaco Ville - Jardin Exotique - Monaco Ville Route 4 : Condamine - Saint Roman - Condamine  Route 4 : Condamine - Saint Roman - Condamine Route 5 : Fontvieille - Hôpital - Fontvieille  Route 5 : Fontvieille - Hôpital - Fontvieille Route 6 : Fontvieille - Larvotto - Fontvieille  Route 6 : Fontvieille - Larvotto - Fontvieille Saw kana alang breenux kndudun dgiyaq pnhiyu. duma ruwan dxgal breenux niqan ka  knrigan dxgal truma sluwan ddaan sejiqan ni spuan ppanan sapah skaya, ida dnii ka psu stmaun sejiqan musa rmigaw. == ssjiqan(人口​ ) == pusu pnatas : ssjiqan Monak babaw dxgal sayan tqapur tsliyan ssjiqan klwaan ka Monak, ida nanaq mniq hini ka ssjiqan o niqan 32,020 sejiqan, duma 6,089 ka sejiqan klwaan Monak nanaq. sejiqan nanaq alang Monak mniq klwaan dha nanaq ka sejiqan o ida ciway kiya, saw nii ka ssjiqan dha mniq kana klwaan knlangan ida ini hari qtay kiya. mniq nanaq alang hini ka ssjiqan ida sejiqan Fakwo ka egu bi, wada niqan 32 tnegkmbkiyan, duma ka sejiqan Itali, wada niqan 20 tnegkmbkiyan, wana 19 tnegkmbkiyan ka sejiqan alang Monak nanaq, sngari ssjiqan 29 tnegkmbkiyan kndadax ising alang 125 klwaan snbuan cyawmin, dhiya ka miyax puman ssjiqan kwoci Monak. paru bi babaw babaw knlangan ka sejiqan ni knlaban cingli Monak. Knlaban Babaw dxgal knlangan tgdha ciwayknlaban alang ka Monak uri, sngun bukuy Fantikang. wana kari Fakwo ka skari Monak, binaw jiyun dha ka kari Ingkwo . kari Itali ni Monak kari alang Monak nanaq uri “kndadax Likuliya kari nii ka prajing”. dhuq 99 tnegkmbkiyan ka mkla mita natas. pnsruwaan pnrhulan alang ka Lwoma teyncucyaw, wada niqan 90 tnegkmbkiyan ka dha ssjiqan, kika congcyawcyu Monak teyncucyaw ka qnlahan, binaw Monak syeynfa pawcan shlayan kana prhulan ida spuda lnglungan nanaq. == ttgsa(教育) == pusu pnatas : ttgsa Monak    pyasan tgciway ni pyasan tgska kana o niqan maxal kongin ka Monak, pnhyugan nanaq pyasan tgska ni pyasan tgciway dha nii ka jiyagan ni kingal ka pyasan kwoci. Syueyyueyn ni pyasan paru wana kingal pyasan paru ruwan klwaan ka kwoci pyasan paru Monak, ttgsa kari Ingkwo, quri brigan ka ttgsa. == tiyu (體育 ) == kska kingal niqan bi hangan ka ici fangcens pspung rulu Monak, dgring ni stabuy ka ddaun elu pspun rulu ida nii ka niqan bi hangan knlangan. pusu pnatas : tiyu Monak <nowiki>##</nowiki> tgaan knlanga lali cingpyawsay Monak    <nowiki>##</nowiki> paru nangan pspung icifangcengs pspung rulu Monak    <nowiki>##</nowiki> Fakwo cyacu cucyo lyeynsay cyoxwey Monak cyulpu <nowiki>##</nowiki> tiyu can Luiars <nowiki>##</nowiki> cyey wancyo snaw Mongtikalwo tas pspung == gaya（文化​ ） == pusu pnatas : gaya Monak <nowiki>##</nowiki> klaan hangan smiyan Monak <nowiki>##</nowiki> uuyas Monak <nowiki>##</nowiki> kcyu Mon gtkalwo == rmigaw（旅遊） == <nowiki>##</nowiki> “kari Ingkwo”pklaan kana <nowiki>##</nowiki> ssaan rmigaw alang : ## niqan bi hangan sweycukwan ka sweycukwan Monak, kndadax kingal Monak cingwan ka pnhiyu. gisu sluwan ruwan kkatur hayan. Mniq knkingal knkingal babaw ruwan kulu ka rmigaw sejiqan tduwa qmita ini pntna ka kndusan ni ini pntna ka kndusan ruwan gsilung. == qtaan（參見） == <nowiki>##</nowiki> Klimarti wancaw <nowiki>##</nowiki> smiyan Monak tongcce <nowiki>##</nowiki> jenaya konghkwo == Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料) == [[Snakun:Truku]] * [https://www.cia.gov/ CIA] * [https://www.mofa.gov.tw/Default.aspx 外交部] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government] * https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/摩纳哥<nowiki/>（參考自中文維基百科） mng1el3bi7y7sbo3bot9nhtn80cso7h 0 1411 108305 91682 2026-04-26T14:18:28Z T20854 2961 108305 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Locator map of the ROC Taiwan.svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay.(自然地理位置)|222x222px]] Rmirih cngcweyn Cyokoku mniq Taiwan u qnlhangan pnwaya mincu kongho, wa mniq tunarac Asia. Kndadax 1912 pnhiyu mi dhuq kngkawas 1971 cida ka wada malix ryeynhoko iyax niyi pa, ngalan koci; saya u alaw balay bay tnqhlangan tndxral mi quri uuda seyji, hbaraw bay qnhlangan icil mniq koci saya pa splawa dha Taiwan ka ngalan dha hangan qnhlangan lmawa. Saya u balay bay wisu na qlhangan ka knlbangan tndxral pa 36,197 pinghwang kongri, kiya knkana ka Taiwan pntaw mi knkana msdalih tawyu, Ponghu cyutaw, duma tawyu mkngahu ucilung Hucyeyn mi duma Nanhay cutaw, Taipe ka soto, knbeyhing bay mi knhbaraw bay sediq pa Sinpeysu. Mndungus bay knhbrawan hiyi kana qnhlangan u 2,360 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, pusu bay u pnspuwan Han joku (sediq Holo mi sediq Hakka) mi Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan geynjumin joku. Kari qnhlangan wa kiya ka kari ida nkiya knkana txtaxa minjoku mi pnbawa tnkari Taiwan, dmuwi mndungus bay kari Telu mi kari Holo (kari Minnanyu Taysu),matas u dmuwi Han jiyi. Gaga kska Yacow ka [[Taywan]], 23 30 N, 121 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 35,980 sq km（hangan na o Tg139） (knlbanga dxgal o 32,260 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 3,720 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 23,464,787 hiyi. Gaga [[Taypey]] ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 10 idas 10 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Taiwan ga wada sugan 22.70% ka dxgal qpahan, rahuq dxgal do niqan 77.30% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Cayingun, pnaah hngkawas2016 idas 5 jiyax 20pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ [[Patas bntasan:Miaoli-County Taiwan Quanhua-Temple-03.jpg|縮圖|sapah teykung Taywan.]] === Pusu tyawmu: Splawa dha Cyokaminkoku Taiwan === Kngkawas 1905 (Cingkwangsyu kngkawas 31), Cyokoku tongmonghuy u pnhiyu mniq Nihong Tokyo, cida  u pusa kari ka pnhiyu na, kari niyi u “Tbrinah Conghwa, phiyu Minkoku”. Kawas daw, Swen wen mniq pnsliyan  dha pprngaw cida u pskingal Cyokaminkoku ka hangan qnhlangan,  snbeyhing qmita phiyu minkoku u sediq ka pusu bay sndhuwan na.   Babaw pnhiyu ka Cyokaminkoku daw, splawa dha mi lxan bayhangan u “Cyokoku”, “Hwa”; ana so kngkawas 1949 cida alaw Kokominto mi Kyosanto ka mccbu, wada ini baka Kyosanto ka Kokominto kiya mi wada qduriq miyah Taipe Taiwan ka tukcka seyhu, beytaq soto Cyang cingko mrdang cida u, seyhu Cyokaminkoku u  ida tmhangan dhiya nanaq sa Cyokoku, kiya mi ini dha srwani muru waya qmita ka Cyoka jnmin konghoko, kiya mi bukuy na u knlwanan dha tndxral ka nniqan Taru, Taru rwensyeyncyu. Seyhu Cyokaminkoku pkla dhiya nanaq pa balay bay knlwanan dha tndxral ka nniqan Taymin, nniqan Taiwan, Taymin, nniqan Taiwan, [[Patas bntasan:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|thumb|Kwoci Taywan|alt=A red flag, with a small blue rectangle in the top left hand corner on which sits a white sun composed of a circle surrounded by 12 rays.|200x200px]] == Rikisi(歷史) == {| class="wikitable" |+ |[[Patas bntasan:李鐵夫孫中山12345.jpg|thumb]] |} === Pusu tyawmu: Rikisi Cyokaminkoku, rikisi Cyokoku mi rikisi Taiwan Cyokoku tayriku cida. === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Flag of the Republic of China (3).JPG|thumb|Yupan bwihur ka splawa Cyokaminkoku, nganlan dha tumkarac karac bhuway hidaw mbanah dxral splawa, ririh sa mtrawah, pstnaun, unaluka dungus na.]] |[[Patas bntasan:KMTretreat.svg|thumb|Tumndha mccbu ka Kokominto mi Kyosangto, elu qndriqan Kokominto seyhu. ]] |[[Patas bntasan:History of Taiwan zh-hant.png|thumb|Rikisi Taiwan, Bnkuwan kngkawas rikisi Taiwan. ]] |[[Patas bntasan:Hualinsi 2.jpg|thumb|Rikisi Hucyeyn siryey tyawmu]] |} === Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku tayriku cida, Peyyang seyhu, Kokomin seyhu. === Kndadax kngkawas 1840 ini baka mccbu tumntxan mccbu yapyeyn daw, wada pkixan ptrawah haycin mi ppwaluk quri qnlhangan  nganguc. Snturung quri so tuiril qnlhangan kongyeyhwa knbeyhing pkranan mi ini qdhuq mi knttu ini baka mccbu ka pnqsiqa qnhlangan, psburah knpriyux ka lnglungan  syakay mi Holo joku dukuricu ka sntangan dha u kndudul mrana. Puting hiti 19 seyki dhuq pnrdingan 20 seyki, quri so nniqan tuhunac Cyangsu, Cocyang, Hunan, Kwangco mi  hayway duma qnhlangan u prading tutuy ka pnuda Hayway Hwacyaw, Huytang, Sincyun, Laqi muyas ka muda mssli, dmudul pspawx Cingcaw tongcu phiyu burah qnlhangan ka qnpringan keming. Kndadax kngkawas 1895 Kwangco ciyi prading, spuda Sunwen ka pusu mpdudul  knkingal nniqan sediq Kemingtang; peyyah prading dhuq bukuy  pa snpusal muda ucwang ciyi, binaw alaw wada yahun hmtur mirik Cingting kiya ka ini pndungus. Kngkawas 1908 idas 11, mpdudul Cingting Cusi tayho mi Kwangsyu hwangti u wada  lmutuc mrdang, rmnririh dmuwi biyax dmpdudul  pa uka biyax qmlahang mi ini dha snhiyi uri. Kngkawas 1911 idas 9 cida, alaw Sucwan Pawru undo, Cing seyhu snkaun heytay Hupey musa mirik. Idas 10 diyax 10, Kongcinhuy  mi Wensweyso rmading Ucang ciyi, diya 11 ka phiyu Cyokaminkoku seyhu heytay, knkeidas u hbaraw bay txtaxa sng ka kndudul cmiyuk mtutuy, kiya ka Sinhay koming, Waymongku u wada pkla nanaq Dukuricu. Miyah qduriq thdil Taiwan ka seyhu kokominto. Pusu tyawmu: Miyah qduriq thdil  Taiwan ka seyhu Cyokaminkoku mi Cyokaminkoku Taiwan jiday Peyyah kngkawas 1948 idas 8 prading, Cyokaminkoku qnduriq seyhu pa lmutuc pssli butay, qqiya bungka, wayhuy mi sediq Cyokoku qduriq miyah thdil Taiwan. Kngkawas 1947 idas 2 diyax 28 cida, wada  muda knbeyhing bay qnrqilan Nini Haci jikeyng ka Taiwan, kiya mi kngkawas 1949 idas 1 cida dungan pa, snturung  sqrbuq Taypingrun jikeyng, idas 5 cida,  pusa kari Taiwan cyeyyeyn ka Cngcng, idas 10 diyax 1, Cyokoku kyosangto u mniq Peyping muda phiyu Cyoka  jnmin konghoko congyang jnmin seyhu, kiya mi wada pryuxun Peycing tmhangan ka Peyping. Butay Kokominto pa wada mbiyax mccbu Kingmun Kuningto. Idas 12 diyax 7 cida, Cyokaminkoku congyang kndadax Nancing Cyokoku qduriq miyah thdil Tahoku Taiwan, mntna idas cida, wada ulkan Kyosangto Cyokoku ka Kwangsi, Sucwan. Kngkawas 1950 rmading ka Mccbu Cawseyng, snkaun t7 cyeyntuy kmlawa uucilung Taiwan ka Turumun, qnburang Cyokoku jnmin cyeyhwang heytay miyah knrmux cnbu Taiwan. Cuxan pa Ryeynhoko mi knhbaraw bay qnhlangan Tuiril pa alaw runan rngcan cyusu; kiya mi ngalan dha balay bay seyhu Cyokoku ka Cyokaminkoku ka cida. Jiday saya dpa hay mniq koci syakay ka hnyuwan dha u, kiya ka balay bay muru pnwaya  rmirih seyhu Cyokoku, srwanan mniq Ryeynhoko uri. Kngkawas 2016 mi kngkawas 2020 cida, Micu cinputang hosweynjn Cayingwen ka wada mangal mi phyuwan muwaya bay qridin soto, kiya mi mniq Ripoing uri pa wada mangal hmrinas dmka knhbrawan hiyi ing, dmudul Mincu cinputang mntxan mndungus bay cucng, kiya mi mniq kngkawas 2020 soto sengkyo pa wada mangal 817 knbkiyan 231 ka hyo (wada mangal 57.13% ka hyo niya) mndungus lmutuc soto dungan, kndadax kngkawas 1996 minsweyn soto dhuq kngkawas 2020 pa knou bay hyo bntaqan na soto hosweynjn Cyokaminkoku. Alaw dmudul knpriyux Nyeyncin kayke mi quri so cnhdilan knpriyux, kiya ka wada  ini baka kngkawas 2018 Cyokaminkoku tihwang kongcu jnyeyn seyngkyo mi wada mlih knhbrawan ka mnangal keyngcyo mi sukyo. Kngkawas 2019 idas 5 cida, msupu kngkawas 2017 Suhwaing sucu tu748 go cyeysu mi mnuda kngkawas  2018 Cyokaminkoku cweyngkosing kongmin meytaq hyo tu10, 12 ang cida kiya ka muda smalu waya seyhu ka “Suhwaing sucu tu748 go cyeysu susinghwa” hwacuhwa Taiwan tongsing hwenin, kiya ka  wada tu1 qnhlangan smruwa tongsing hwenin muru pnwaya, mntxan dungan sndhu Cyokaminkoku  syeyncng, hwacu mi mincweyn. == Nniqan Lnlingay (地理) == === Pusu tyawmu: Taiwan mi nniqan lnlingay Taiwan. === === '''Ticu cyeyko ('''地質結構) === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku nniqan lnlingay cityeyn mi Taiwan ticu. ==== [[Patas bntasan:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg|thumb|File:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg(Satellite photo of Taiwan. Description by NASA: "The island of Taiwan sits off of the coast of southern China between the East China Sea, the South China Sea, southwestern Japan's Nansei-shoto Islands, and the Pacific Ocean. The island is mostly mountainous in the east, but gradually transitions to gently sloping plains in the west. At the northern tip of the island is Taiwan's capital city, Taipei, which appears as a large grayish patch surrounded by dark green. In this image, most of Taiwan's eastern coast is dotted with low clouds, with low and high clouds off the coast in the Pacific Ocean. MODIS also detected three fires, which are marked in red. This true-color Terra MODIS was acquired December 15, 2002.")]] Balay bay tndxral Cyokaminkoku saya pa 99% ka wa mniq msthiyaq Cyokoku tayriku 180 kongri na Taiwan taw, 1% ka duma ttiping tawyu, kana bay knlbangan tndxral pa 36,197 pinghwang kongri. Tuiril Taiwan taw ka uucilung Taiwan, tudaya ka Tonghay, tunarac u msdalih uucilung Huyriping dhuq Taypingyang, tuhunac ka Ryusong haysya, tuiril hunac ka Nanhay. Knbbaraw tuhunac dhuq tudaya tawyu pa ya bay 400 kongri,  knlbangan bay tunarac dhuq tuiril pa dhuq 145 kongri. Uxay wana Taiwan mi ssiyaw tawyu, niqan tuiril daya Ponghu cyuntaw, kiya mi msdalih mkngahu ucilung Cyokoku tayriku ka Kingmung cyuntaw, Ucyo ryeyyu mi Macu ryeytaw. Wa kcka Nanhay pa niqan Tongsa cyuntaw, Congsa cyuntaw, Nansa cyuntaw, binaw uka ka tnpusu mniq hiya ana knuwan ka sediq. Ssiyaw Taiwan pa niqan Ranyu, Ryutaw, Kweysan taw, Kirong yu, Myeynhwa yu, Pongcya yu, Hwaping yu, Tyawyutay ryeyyu na Hwosan taw uri na, kiya mi wa mniq tuhunac ka Ryocyo yu, Cisingyeyn na sanhucyaw taw.      === '''Tising Sweywen ('''地形水文 )       === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku tawyu ryeypyaw   ==== [[Patas bntasan:烏山頭水庫內深處二.jpg|thumb|File:烏山頭水庫內深處二.jpg(臺南中部的烏山頭水庫，由日本技師八田與一設計，作為整個嘉南大圳工程的一部分，對嘉南平原的灌溉有很深遠的影響。)]] Lipax hnyuwan Taiwan pntaw pa mntnna bay bunga, niqan dwiyaq, cyorin, mkrbuq dxral, bbrnux, tayti ka lnlingay niya, nniqan knlbangan lmiqu tunarac u ya bay niqan tndxral 50%. Uuda tudu dwiyaq mi ddxral u mntna hari kana, tudaya u mquri tunarac daya dhuq tiiril hunac, tuhunac u mquri tudaya daya dhuq tuhunac hunac, kndadax tunarac dhuq tuiril pa niqan ddwiyaq mkngahu ucilung, tkcka tudu dwiyaq, Sweysan tudu dwiyaq, Yusan tudu dwiyaq, Kayjwey tudu dwiyaq mi Arisan tudu dwiyaq. Taiwan ka tu4 tubbaraw bay dudux dwiyaq tawyu, tududux bay dwiyaq ka Yusan pa niqan 3,952 meyta, niqan 200 sngari dudux dwiyaq ka hmrinas 3,000 meyta. Tuiril mquri baraw twancng lmiqu tuiril ka so tnblayan na lmiqu cyorin mi tayti, tayti oa to bay so toke sancng risucng mi pnspuwan scuqi snbrahan suhong kuring, niqan Rinko tayti, Toyeyng tayti, Tatu tayti, Pakwa tayti…, cyoring pa to bay tayti ka wada kyapan qsiya yayung kiya ka so kiya da.     === '''Kndkilan kkarac('''氣候生態)    === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Kkarac Taiwan    ==== [[Patas bntasan:Jiankang Road, Taipei City 20010917.jpg|thumb|File:Jiankang Road, Taipei City 20010917.jpg(2001年中度颱風納莉過境後臺北市健康路的沒頂車輛)]] Hucyeyn sng Macu ryeytaw pa wa mniq tnuayus Cecyang sng mi Hucyeyn sng, Huco su na Mincyangko ini sthiyaq, kiya ka Tunarac ucilung spruwan bay cyuntaw uri, mksipaw ucilung ka Cecyang sng Tacntaw mi Icyangsan taw, niqan balay ririh niya keyngkyo kndkilan kkarac mi uucilung. Ryeytaw niyi pa quri so hujetay cihong kkarac cyu, wa mniq balay bay wisu qlhangan Cyokaminkoku tudaya balay, mkmuhul ka misan mi mhhuriq, mncun mskuy hari, kiya mi ini hari quyux mi kndnguwan hari ka srwasaw mi krpuhan, kari bay quyux ka rrbawan, mntna hari kkarac mkngahu ucilung Hucyeyn sng na nniqan Cyokoku Tariku. Kari bay qduda ucilung, niqan in ow sintyeynwong, congtoow…yahan msangay mi pkrana tnwawa. Kcka taw niyi pa alaw ka btasil Hwakangyeyn, kiya ka ini kndungus ka cupey, so kiya sspriq ka pusu na bay. Taiwan pntaw pa wa mniq babaw peyhuy kweysyeyn, kkarac niya pa wa mniq iyax Hayyangsing jetay mi Yajetay ka kkarac; tbkuwan ka knkana bay kkarac pa bbaraw ka rrbawan mi mhhuriq, llbu ka diyax misan mi muxul. Pntkanan kntlxan misan u iyax 15°C dhuq 20°C, rrbawan u hmrinas 28°C. Tudaya pa alaw ka sbhuran tunarac daya mniq idas 1 dhuq idas 3 mtmay diyax qqyuxan, nniqan tukcka mi tuhunac pa ini nanaq huya kiya. Idas 5 ka mtmay iyax qyuxan bngerux, idas 6 dhuq idas 9 pa mtilux mi mhhuriq, qyuxan ka tuhunac u mnou quri tudaya. Beyhing ssbwihur ka mniq idas 7 dhuq idas 10 miyah knrmux Taiwan, madas balay knbeyhing quyux kiya ka dndulan qnrqilan rngecux, idas 11 dhuq idas 12 cida daw iyax kndnguwan kiya. Pndkanan quri qqyuxn Taiwan pa 2,600 rimi, kiya ka mkm3 qqyuxan jeynseykay, kiya ka knou bay quyux tawyu uri, kiya ka knkana mhhuriq bay yuci Asia uri; kcka niyi pa nniqan tuhunac pa niqan 90% ka mniq == Singcng cyuhwa(行政區劃) == === '''Balay bay nniqan qnlhangan('''實際統治區域) === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku singcng cyuhwa mi Taiwan singcng cyuhwa ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ |Tayhoku (臺北市) |- |Sinpey su (新北市) |- |Kirong su (基隆市) |- |Toeyng su (桃園市) |- |Sinciku keyng (新竹縣) |- |Sinciku su (新竹市) |- |Byoricu keyng (苗栗縣) |- |Taycyu su (臺中市) |- |Syoka keyng (彰化縣) |- |Ponghu keyng (澎湖縣) |- |Nanto keyng (南投縣) |- |Yunrin keyng (雲林縣) |- |Kagi keyng (嘉義縣) |- |Kagi su (嘉義市) |- |Taynang su (臺南市) |- |Takaw su (高雄市) |- |Heyto keyng (屏東縣) |- |Girang keyng (宜蘭縣) |- |Kareyngko keyng (花蓮縣) |- |Tayto keyng (臺東縣) |- |Taiwan (臺灣) |- |Kingmong keyng (金門縣)  |- |Ryeyncyang keyng (連江縣) |- |Hucyeyn sng (福建省) |- |Ucyo yu (烏坵嶼) |- |Tongsa cyuntaw (東沙群島) |- |Nansa Taypingtaw mi Congcocyaw (南沙太平島與中洲礁) |} Kngkawas 1955 Tcntaw ini baka qduriq brinah Taiwan daw, balay bay qnlhangan niya Cyokaminkoku pa wana Taiwan pntaw mi Husu tawyu (Kana tndxral pa na Taiwan kana), Ponghu cyuntaw (Kana tndxral pa na Taiwan kana), Kingmong cyuntaw (Kana tndxral pa na Hucyeyn sng Kingmong keyng), Macu ryeytaw (MnHucyeyn sng Cangre keyng, Royeyn keyng, Ryeyncyng keyng, kngkawas 1956 daw sbuway quri Ryeyncyang keyng qmlahang ka kana tndxral), Ucyoyu (NmnHucyeyn sng Hutyeyn kng, kngkawas 1954 daw sbuway Kingmong ka rmirih qmlahang), kiya mi Tongsa cyuntaw mi Nansa cyuntaw na Tayping taw, Congco cyaw (MnnHaynan tepyey singcngcyu, kngkawas 1990 daw, wada sbuway Takaw Cicincyun ka rmirih qmlahang dhuq saya) mi kana tawyu. Miyah thdil Taiwan ka seyhu niyi daw, alaw muda snkila uuda kcka qnlhangan mi nganguc qnlhangan, snpusal muda knpriyux singcng cyuhwa Taiwan, Ponghu, Kingmong, Macu. Hucyeyn sng mi Taiwan sng u mniq kngkawas 1956 mi kngkawas 1998 cida wada clkuhan ka biyax mi qpahun niya sngci seyhu, wada pqriyun congyang seyhu kana ka qpahun sngci seyhu da, wana qpahun slxan ka rngiyan. Kiya mi kngkawas 1967 mi kngkawas 1979 cida, Tayhoku mi Takaw pa kndadax Taiwan sng sngsyasu mkala psdhun cusyasu. Kngkawas 2010 cida, wada psdhun cusyasu seyhu uri ka mntna hicyo ka Tayhoku keyng, Taycyu su, Taynang su, kiya mi wada pryuxan Burah Tayhoku tmhangan ka Tayhoku keyng, kiya mi Tacyu su mi Taycyu keyng, Taynang su mi Taynang keyng u wada pspun ka keyng su mi psdhun mkala cusyasu. Kngkawas 2014 cida, wada psdhun mkala cusyasu ka Toeyng keyng mi pryuxun tmhangan Toeyng su. === '''Hwari cyangyu('''法理疆域) === ==== Qtayi: Cyokaminkoku cyangyu, nkiya Cyokaminkoku kongkaw cyangyu singcng cyuhwa, pnluban Cyokaminkoku mi qnlhangan Mongku mi nniqan Taiwan ==== Cyokaminkoku mniq Tayriku cida ka kana knlbangan tndxral u 11,418,194 pinghwa kongri, kiya ka kana jeynseykay tu2 knbeyhing tndxral qnlhangan, cyangyu tudaya u dhuq Tangnuwuryanghay na Sayeynring, Tunarac dhuq u Heyrongcyang mi Usuricyang pnstrngan yayung, tuhunac u dhuq Nansa cyuntaw na Cngmuansa, Ritiansa hayyu, tuiril pa dhuq Pamiar kawyeyn na Pncuhe. Peyyang seyhu mniq kngkawas 1913 pkla hwayiring, psdhu sng, taw, keyng sanci singcngcyu cutu, so kawas daw phiyu 35 sngci singcngcyu. Kngkawas 1921 cida pa muda psanak “tepyeysu” mi “putongsu” dungan, phiyu Cingtu, Cinku, Songhu, Cingtaw, Haarpin, Hanko 6 ka tepyeysu. Kokomin seyhu u kngkawas 1927 mniq Nancing phiyu da u, plihan ka taw mi phiyu Singcng tucacyu. Kngkawas 1947 panpu tndxral pa kiya knkana 35 snghwen, 12 cusyasu, 1 tepyey singcngcyu mi Sicang tihwang. === '''Psdhu Sotu('''首都定位) === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Sotu Cyokaminkoku ==== [[Patas bntasan:President house tp2.JPG|thumb|File:President house tp2.JPG(中華民國總統府 )]] Kngkawas 1912 idas 3, Cyokaminkoku rinji sanggiing seyngkyo Yeynsukay ka tu2 rinji beyhing soto da u, Cyokaminkoku rinji seyhu pa kndadax Nancingsu mquru tudaya thdil Cingcaw sotu Peycingsu. Babaw da u rinji seyhu dhuq peyyang seyhu, to so dmuwi Peycing ka ngalan sotu Cyokaminkoku. Kngkawas 1928 kokomin seyhu pa wada mnhdu kokomin kemingcyun peyhwa daw thdil mniq Nancinsu ka sotu, kiya mi kngkawas 1931 ka muda pnwaya “Cyokaminkoku syuncng suci yeyhwa” kcka tu5 tyaw ptura bay matas kwotu ka phyuwan Nancingsu, psdhu hniwan sotu ka Nancingsu. Binaw mniq kngkawas 1937 cida Cyokoku knciyuk Tanah Tunux mccbu da u, alaw wada yahan lmiwaq Tanah Tunux mi Kokomin seyhu u mntna knwas cida idas 11 diyax 21 pa, pkla kari kana congyang seyhu ciko pa pkixan kndadax Nancingsu thdil Congcingsu. == Seyji(政治) == === '''Seyhu cyeyko(政府結構)''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku seyji, Cyokaminkoku mi Taiwan Seyngkyo. ==== <gallery widths="140" heights="160" perrow="2" caption="Soto ka Cay ingwen, huku soto ka Ray cingte Cyokaminkoku saya."> File:蔡英文官方元首肖像照 (cropped).png File:副總統賴清德官方肖像.jpg </gallery>Tukingal qnlhangan konghecu Asiaco ka Cyokaminkoku. Kiya mi uxay qnlhangan pnhiyu nanaq mndungus bay dsediq Taiwan ka Cyokaminkoku, Seyhu Cyokaminkoku u spuda “keyngpo Cyokaminkoku” mi sanmincuyi pnhiyu, brah u pdungus qnlhangan ka “minyo, mincu,minsyang ka mincu konghekwo”, bukuy u snrnu quri txtaxa minjoku u msbalay mincu cuyi, kongmin keynri dmuwi mincweyn cuyi, dmayaw ssediq ka minsng cuyi. Wada smlun ka keyngpo daw muda pnwaya ddha socangcu (dmka sotocu), Cyokaminkoku soto ka yeynso qnhlangan mi Cyokaminkoku sancyun tongsway, kiya mi spuda pnhiyu Swenwen ka 5 biyax keyngpo cyako kiya mi psuwan Singcngyeyng, Ripoing, Suhwayeyn, Kawsuyeyn, Cyeyncayeyn rrima ciko. Kngkawas 1994 tumn3 snbarah smmalu ka keyngpo daw, pskingal kari spuda kongmin ka msdurux seyngkyo phiyu soto, mntxan ratuc u 4 kngkawas mi malu mntxan lmutuc mangal dungan. Soto pa niqan biyax mpprngaw Singcngyeyng, Ripoing, Suhwanyeyng, Skeynging mi Cyeyncayeyng suwu, kiya mi psdhu snkaul Singcng ingcyo, pssli neyke. Singcngyeyng pa, dmudul mku qmlahang qpahun qnlhangan, spuda waya pnssliyan pnwaya mi muru biyax qpahun muda, Singcng ingcyo ka pudu dmudul kekwey, soto ka psdhu phiyu, ana ini spuda kokoingkay smruwa. Trahuc daw phiyu pu, ingkay dcikwan muda qmpah qqpahun, kiya mi niqan 7 dhuq 9 ka cngwuing. Ripoing pa, kiya ka knbaraw bay smmalu waya ciko, kingal ingcu na kokoingkay, Ripoing ingcyo pa kndadax nanaq ripoing muda umaw; 113 hiyi ka Ripoing u spuda tan 1 sweyncyu 2 pyawcu seyngkyo muda phiyu, mntxan ratuc u 4 kngkawas. Binaw alaw Singcngyeyng ingcyo ka spuda soto psdhu phiyu, ini spuda Ripoing psruwa, mnhdu pnrngawan Ripoing pa ana ini spuda Singcngyeyng mi soto smruwa uri, kiya ka niqan so ini pntna kari ka Singcng mi Rihwa cikwan daw mncun uka brahan ppsruwa mi psbalay. Suhwayeyng pa, kiya ka Cyokaminkoku knbaraw bay suhwa cikwan, pusu bay u snri minsu, singsu, singcng susong, pcahu komuing. Suhwayeyng ingcyo, huku ingcyo mi 13 hiyi beyhing hwakwan pssli beyhing hwakwan kaygi, beyhing hwakwan mntxan ratuc qpahun pa 8 kngkawas, spuda soto ka pusa hangan, kiya mi spuda Ripoing ka smruwa daw psdhu phiyu, dmudul pskingal kari keyngpo, horicu uxay daw pnwaya, kiya mi dmudul keyngpo hwating snri soto, hukusoto na tanhean, kiya mi wada smliq waya keyngpo ka cngtang mi pplixun. Skeynging, dmudul komuing cuke umaw, pskeyng seyhu kwanyeyn, sndhu umaw, kawhe ka qqpahun. Kiya ka knkana Skeynging ingcyo huku ingcyo pa, kana bay u 7 dhuq 9 hiyi ka Skeynging, mntxan ratuc qpahun u 4 kngkawas, spuda soto ka pusa hangan, kiya mi spuda Ripoing ka muda  smruwa mi psdhu phiyu, kngkawas 2008 cida pa kana bay u niqan 338,305 hiyi komuing ka wada psdhuwan qpahun. Cyeyncaing ka tqlahang qnpah seyhu na cangse tyawca ciko, trahuc knkingal ingkay u malu pquri singcng cikwan muda singcng tyawca, knkana cyeyncaingcyo, hukuingcyo mniq kcka, kana cyeynca ing u pnsliyan 29 hiyi sediq, mntxan diyax snpngan u 6 kngkawas, soto ka muda pusa hangan mi, spuda ripoing ka smruwa mi psdhuwan phiyu. === '''Horicu Pnwaya(法律制度)''' === [[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan Judicial-Yuan-01.jpg|thumb|Seykining mku qmlahang keci hoing ka Suhwaing.]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Keyngpo Cyokaminkoku mi Horicu Cyokaminkoku. ==== “Keyngpo Cyokaminkoku” mi “Keyngpo cngsyo tyawwen” ka pusu bay waya pnwaya Cyokaminkoku, kcka hiya u sndhu pusu biyax qnlhangan pa nkana ssediq qnlhangan kana, qmlahang txtaxa ssediq u niqan qbubur, kari, knkla, thdil nniqan, mssli pnsliyan mi knkingal kluwanan biyax mtrawah pa ini krmxi smliq; ssediq u ini psnaki ka snaw mi qridin (singcingsyang), snhiyan, minjoku, knpruwan hnyuwan, tangpay pa pntnaun qmlahang kana, kiya mi phiyu smalu biyax singcng, biyax smmalu waya (ripoing), biyax suhwa, biyax sskeyng, biyax keyngsa rrima biyax ka dmudul tnpusu seyhu, spuda biyax pnsdkanan pnwaya qmlahang nanaq dhiya ka seyhu tnualang, kiya mi sndhu quri so snrdingan bay ddaun qnlhangan mi tnqlahang biyax qqlahang qqridin, llaqi, ppqita narux, syakay pawsyeyn, ini khbaraw hiyi minjoku, sediq tnpusu. Tu1 qnlhangan muda pnwaya tongsing msturung kana Asiaco ka Cyokaminkoku. Ana so ini pntna ka qqita syakay quri smruwa pnwaya tongsing msturung pa, binaw suhwaing tahwakwan u spuda waya muda psdhu, pkla kari ini qqlhangi ka tongsing meturung daw smliq mtrawah msturung, biyax pnsdkanan, snpung diyax dmurun ripoing ka muda smalu waya qqlahang tongsing msturung. Kngkawas 2019 idas 5 diyax 17 cida, ripoing u muda cmiyuk pnklanan kari suhwaing tahwakwan, wada pdaun ka tongsing u malu spuda hucng cikwan pusa hangan msturung. === '''Qqita quri Seyji(政治立場)''' === [[Patas bntasan:臺灣人認同趨勢分佈(1992年06月~2014年06月).jpg|thumb|Kndadax iyax kngkawas 1922 dhuq kngkawas 2014, ssediq Taiwan pa qmita quri so dhiya nanaq “sediq Taiwan” mi “sediq Cyokoku” na knpriyux pklanan. ]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Taiwan tongtu yiti, Cyokaminkoku cngtang, Taiwan citising, Taiwandukuricu undo, knkingal nniqn knkingal qnlhangan, 92kongsu mi pskingal Cyokoku. ==== Kndadax iyax kngkawas 1922 dhuq kngkawas 2014, ssediq Taiwan pa qmita quri so dhiya nanaq “sediq Taiwan” mi “sediq Cyokoku” na knpriyux pklanan. Kndadax ptrawah tangcin daw, cngtang Cyokaminkoku u kawas kawas kndudul mrana ka knou niya, mniq kngkawas 2015 cida pa knkana na bay cngtang pa niqan 286 knou. dCyokoku kokominto u mquri tongyi niya pa ngalan dha Ttmukarac, mmquri dukuricu niya ka Mincu Cinputang, Taiwan Twancyey Ryeynmong, Sutayriryang, Taiwancicin pa ngalan dha Mkmsama kiya. Ddha dha pa qqita dha quri qnlhangan, pnklanan Cyoka mi pnklanan Taiwan, pnluban quri ddha mksipaw uclung, Hnyuwan seyji Taiwan, mnquri pusu biyax, ini pntna ka qqita dha “Cyokoku”, Ttmukarac pa qnita dha u “nCyokoku” ka Taiwan, kiyami Cyokaminkoku ka muru pnwaya mndungus bay qnhlangan, dmkuh mquri pskingal qmlahang ka Cyokoku, Mmsama pa qnita dha pa “Cyokaminkoku” ka hangan qnlhangan Taiwan kiya ka dmuwi pusu biyax qnlhangan dukuricu, ini sruwa Taiwan ka “nCyokoku”, kiya mi miying bay snrwanan waycyaw uxay daw dukuricu phiyu qnlhangan. Quri so waycyaw cngce pa, ddha niyi u mbiyax bay dmudul tumal pnssliyan kwoci kana, kiya mi qnita dha pa spuda sediq qnlhangan ka muda smruwa pkrana pusu biyax. Kiya u uxay Ttmukarac mi uxy Mkmsama uri ka Cinmintang, Mikwotang, Micongtang pa wada ngalan Mkmudu kiya. === '''Quri so pprngawan hnyuwan(地位爭議)''' === Hnyuwan seyji Cyokaminkoku saya mi ya niqan pprngawan pa, mnqnlhangan ini srwani qmita hbaraw kwoci, pusu bay mongday niya pa pneyyah Cyokajnminkonghekwo na “dungus quri kingal Cyokoku”. Cyokoku Kokominto mi Cyokoku Kyosanto na mccbu Kwo Kong, wada ini baka ka Cyokoku Kokominto, Cyokaminkoku qnduriq seyhu daw kiya ka miyax thdil Taiwan hini, hana prading cida pa spuda “Keyngpo Cyokaminkoku” pusa kari dhiya ka rmirih Cyokoku na murux bay taxa muru pnwaya pnhiya na seyhu, kiya u knttu sndhu pusa kari “tbrinah mcbu Cyokoku Tayriku” dungan mi “Sanmincuyi pskingal qmlahang Cyokoku”; binaw ddha pnusa kari niyi pa peyyah kngkawas 1990 daw wada kndudul ini dayi rmngaw da, qqita quri so niyi ka seyhu pa to bay so snrwanan dndulan ccngtang. == Waycyaw(外交) == === Pusu tyawmu: Waycyaw Cyokaminkoku mi rikisi waycyaw Cyokaminkoku. === [[Patas bntasan:Countries recognizing the Republic of China (Taiwan).svg|thumb|Pnluban quri nganguc Cyokaminkoku:]] === Pnluban Kwoci(國際關係) === [[Patas bntasan:REPUBLIC OF CHINA (TAIWAN) PASSPORT 2020.png|thumb|Kngkawas 2020 nhwasing seyhu Cayingwen ka bburah passport Cyokaminkoku, tukubeycu niya pa snbeyhing spatas “TAIWAN” ka rhiq niya. ]] Hana pnhiyu ka Cyokaminkoku pa, alaw iyux spuda waycyaw srwananuu kiya mi lmutucdmuwi kari pnsdhuwan Cingcaw, babaw na hiti Peyyang seyhu mi Kokomin seyhu ka dmuwi kari pnsdhuwan ini pndungus muda ptrawah pprngaw. Kngkawas 1945 cida, tumal msupu phiyu Ryeynhekwo ka Cyokaminkoku, kiya wada mangal qpahun Qnlhangan Cangjn Riji Ryeynhekwo Anjeyng Rijikay. Qnlhangan tuirl pa ana so wada qduriq miyah Taiwan ka Cyokaminkoku u ida ini pstuq pnluban waycyaw, binaw Cyokajnminkonghekwo u mniq kngkawas 1971 cida wada pdanan “Ryeynhekwo taykay 2758 go cweyyi” wada mangal biyax rmirih “Cyokoku”; iyux meysa “ddha ka biyax rmirih” mi ini srwani, wada malax Ryeynhekwo ka Cyokaminkoku, wada ddulan mipix waycyaw, hbaraw bay qnlhanga ka mniq kknkawas 1970 smruwa Cyokajnminkonghekwo, kiya mi alaw quri “kingal Cyokoku” ida pnwaya kiya mi wada pstuq pnluban wayaw Cyokaminkoku. Alaw wada uka ka biyax mi hnhangan mniq Ryeynhekwo, ini knbaka ka knhbaraw snrwanan wayacyaw, kiya u ida niqan bay pprngawan na ka hnyuwan na seuji mi horicu ka Cyokaminkoku. === '''Pnluban ddha qnlhangan(兩國關係)''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Pnluban ucilung ddha qnlhangan, quri mqriqu Taiwan, pnluban Cyokoku mi Taiwan saya. ==== [[Patas bntasan:2015 Ma–Xi Meeting 07.jpg|thumb|Kngkawas 2015 cida, Maingcyo mi Sicinping pa mniq Sincyapo muda mnwaya bay ptqita dqras ka ddha bukung qnlhangan.]] Cyokaminkoku qnduriq seyhu miyah thdil Taiwan daw wada muda cyeyyeyn, ini ddha mtutuy ka knmalu mi qnnaqah mi tuturu ini sruwa cngce, hmtur ana manu muda pprngaw kari Cyokoku, pnluban Taiwan mi Cyokoku u wada so msqrbuq uka bay bbrahan, ssediq ddha qnlhanga pa wada so dalih mk50 kngkawas ini ppwaluk. Iyax Seyhu Cyangcingkwo ccida, pusa kari quri “Sanmincuyi pskingal qmlahang Cyokoku”. Iyax na cida u wada nuda snpusal Ucilung Taiwan weyci. Kngkawas 1996 cida pa alaw ka muda tumtxan knkana ssediq qnlhangan meytaq sota ka Cyokaminkoku; kiya ka nuda Ucilung Taiwan huytan weyci. Kngkawas 2020 cida pa krinah bay miyax pssicu Taiwan ka skoki kyosanto Cyokoku dungal. == Cyunsu(軍事) == Pusu tyawmu: Butay qnlhangan Cyokaminkoku mi Cyunsu Cyokaminkoku.<gallery widths="140" heights="140" perrow="3"> File:Taiwan F-16 Debate - Flickr - Al Jazeera English (3).jpg|Kingal F-16 Block 20 skoki tlayan; hana kndadax citi Kagi skaya, hiti daw kiya ka muru Ucilung Taiwan kcka seyng muda qnburang qmlahang.   File:ROCAF C-130H 1307 Taxiing at Songshan Air Force Base 20160924.jpg|Mniq Songsan Kongcyun citi ka C-130H risu skoki hhaqun qqiya.    File:IDF F-CK-1A Single Front View.jpg|Pnuda Taiwan Kongcyun hangkong kongyey pkrana congsin u mnuda smnalu ka F-CK-1 Cingkwohawskoki tlayan (Cingcyeynkang citi). </gallery>Cyokaminkoku pa ida so knbeyring mi mkla bay knkla ka cyunsu butay, psnakan Rucyun, Haycyun mi Kongcyun, soto Cyokaminkoku ka mpdudul kana butay. Dhuq kngkawas 1970 ccida, pusu bay qqpahun butay u ulkun dungan ka Cyokoku tayriku wisu qlhangan Kyosangto Cyokajnminkonghekwo, saya daw wada knpriyux qqlahang so uxay yahun mcbu ngalun pskingal qmlahang Cyokajnminkonghekwo. Pusu pnkranan butay pa kndadax Rucyun mi wada pquri Kongcyun mi Haycyun uri, biyax qqlahang u wada sbuway wencu seyhu qmlahang uri da. Kiya mi kwohwangpu Cyokaminkoku pa pusa kari “Sndhu qmlahang, ppchdil psicu” ka quri so uuda tnlayan, keykaku ita nanaq ka muda tqlahang krmxun mi hmkun ka heytay jnmincyeyhwang Cyokoku, kiya mi knrmun beytaq cnyukan cyunsu Amirika. Cyokaminkoku mi Amirika pa mnniq kngkawas 1954 cida mnuda ppatas pnsdhuwan “Cong Mey kongtong hwangyu tyawyey”, wada phiyu heytay Amirika syeyhwang Taiwan sringpu (USTDC), mi phiyu Tnpusu mniq Taiwan heytay Amirika komongtwan (MAAG), ya bay niqan 30,000 hiyi heytay Amirika tnpusu dmayaw qmlahang Taiwan, dhuq kngkawas 1979 pa wada tuhuy Cyokajnminkohekwo cyeyncyaw ka Amirika, kiya mi wada ptalax Cokaminkoku ka Amirika daw, tnpusu mniq Taiwan ka heytay Amirika u wada mlatac Taiwan uri da. Kngkawas 2018 prading dhuq saya pa, wada kndudul mkala ka knmalu pnluban Taiwan mi Amirika, mnsnpusal keykaku cyusu cawcyeyn pusu miyax Asia Taypingyang ka heytay Amirika, so niyi u kiya ka pkmalu pquri cyunsu Taiwan mi kwohwang. == Keyjay(經濟) == [[Patas bntasan:1 taipei sunrise panorama dxr edit pangen 141215 1.jpg|thumb|Mpcriyu cida ka hidaw mniq singyicyu Taihoku, kcka tnpusu mhiyu ka smnluwan sspah knbeyhing pa kiya ka Tayhoku 101.]] === '''Pnklanan niya(發展情況)''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Keyjay Taiwan, rikisi keyjay Taiwan, so snklwiun ka Taiwan. ==== Seyhu qnduriq Cyokaminkoku pa kndadax kngkawas 1949 daw pnusa ou kluwanan keykaku keyjay, kiya mi 1960 ccida u pnkrana cuko tawsyang keyjay. Kngdadax kngkawas 1990 prading, wada kntikuh ka qqlahang seyhu quri keyjay tocu mi mtrawah mawyi, duma ginghang nqnlhangan mi nciyey qnlhangan ka kndudul suyohwa, kiya mi qnlhangan pa wada pusa kari pquri Cyokoku tayriku mi qnlhangan dtunarac hunac Asia ka cyeyci yongjn mi mquri tuhunac cngce. Babaw niya daw slhbun scuqi msdalih pnluban ka uucilung ddha qnlhangan niyi, kiya mi soto brah Apeyn (Cnsweypyeyn) mniq kngkawas 2006 cida u pusa kari “ndwanun bnkuwan qmlahang, niqan ririh ptrawah”, pkmlih scuqi sntmanan quri keyjay Cyokokuh. === Ppanan rulu(交通運輸) === [[Patas bntasan:TRA R189 across Shuangxi Station.jpg|thumb|Taytyey R190 sing kisya Caytyeynci muda eyki Swangsi.]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Ppanan rulu Taiwan. ==== Pusu qmlahang dmudul cyawtong wangrwo na tawey ka Cyawtongpu Cyokaminkoku, kiya mi ttrahuc niya pa pnhiyu Cyawtongpu yunsu keyngkyoso ka muda psbalay mkkiyux ka rrulu. Cyokaminkoku kongru pa spuda pnwaya u psnakan kwotaw, sngtaw, staw, syeyntaw, cyutaw mi syangtaw, niqan spuda ddiyun kkluwanan na seymong kongru. Knbbaraw kcka Taiwan taw na kongru mi hhakaw pa ya bay niqan 47,000 kongri, to bay wa tqapur so tnkranan quri nniqan tuiril. Knbbaraw bay ddha bnkuwan elu beyhing pa to bay lmutuc tudaya dhuq tuhunac Taiwan kana, kingal ka kngkawas 1978 prading muda, knbbaraw u 373 kongri ka Congsan kawsukongru (kwotaw 1 haw), 1997 prading muda, kana bay knbbaraw u 432 kongri ka Formo kawsukongru (kwotaw 3 haw). Niqan uri ka tunarac nniqan tnkranan pa smnlanan Kwaysu tawru lmutuc, Tayhoku su dhuq Girang keyng pa niqan knkana Bnlingan Sweysa ka Cyangweysuy kawsu kongru (kwotaw 5 haw). === Kongyong suyey(公用事業) === [[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan Beimen-Post-Office-01.jpg|thumb|Yobing Tayhoku.]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku kongying suyey. ==== Pktrawah Cyokaminkoku bnkuwan bbuway deyngki, yunsu, psuwan smmalu na qqpahun u pusu bay ka bnuway speyyah Taiwan deyngki kojyo, dhiya nanaq u wisu qmlahang 78 ka hacideynsyo, niqan 27 ka Biyax puniq hacideynsyo, 3 ka Heneng hacideysyo, 11 ka Biyax bwuhur hacideynsyo, 39 ka Biyax qsiya hacideynsyo, 10 ka Rdax deyngki hidaw hacideynsyo, kiya mi 1 ka Cawsi hacideynsyo, kiya u smatang mniq iyax 4 kngkawas muda phiyu smmalu 2 Kntilux dxral hacideynsyo mi Hayyang wenca hacideynsyo, niqan uri ka Taiwan deyngki kojyo pa muda mari ddeyngki nngyeyn quri minying ciyey. Quri so pndungus pnyahan qsiya pa pnsnakan qmlahang nniqan Tayhoku ka Suyeycu pnyahan qsiya Tayhoku, kiya mi muda qmlahang quri nniqan icil ka Kojyo pnyahan qsiya Taiwan, niqan 31 ka koba pnyahan qsiya mi 47 ka Langu psliyan qsiya. Qqpahun quri yobing pa kndadax kngkawas 2003 ka Kojyo Cyoka Yobing muda, kiya mi brah niya u trahuc Cyawtongpu Cyokaminkoku na Yobing Congcyu Cyawtongpu. Kiya u Cyoka Yobing saya u Cyawtongpu Cyokaminkoku ka knkana dmuwi biyax na kojyo qnlhangan, kiya mi mniq knkingal nniqan phiyu 20 ka qmlahang congsincyu, 3 ka muda yocyeyn curi congsin mi 1,322 ka Yobing. Cyokaminkoku u dhuq kngkawas 1996 brah cida han pa wana Cyoka tyeynsin ka muruxbay tyeynsin huwu niqan ka mincyeyn ciyey tumal yeynsin huwu sucang, Cyoka tyeynsin saya knbeyhing bay pnsung dhiya pa, niqan Yeyncwan tyeynsin mi Taiwan Taketa, bukuy daw Taiwan cusing (Weypaw tyeynsin) mi Yatay tyeynsin u skkingal phiyu uri. === Keswey cisu(科學技術) === [[Patas bntasan:Mainboard asus pbh 67-v IMGP9326 wp.jpg|thumb|Spuda kojyo Hwaswo kanpyutar smnalu ka ATX kuyke cucipan kanpyutar.   ]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku keci. ==== Cyokaminkoku mnniq Cyokoku Tayriku ccida, spuda rnduwan minkoku cyunhwa, qnlhangan icil ka tumal mi dndulan mccbu ka knkingal nniqan, kiya ka wada sccuqi thuway ka pkranan keci. Kiya mi kndadax qnduriq thdil miyah Taiwan ka seyhu daw, mntna madas pneyyah Cyokoku Tairiku na sweysu jncay mi keswey cisu, kiya ka ngalan snrdingan pkranan keswey cisu hiti. Kcka niyi u mnuda kawas kawas pkrana, bnkuwan keci Taiwan pa ya bay malu psnakan mquri qqpahun pphpah, quri so rang tlaway ka rmirih keci qqpahun ppwalang, mquri qqpahun pnsltudan smmalu cisu, quri so hwangcu ka rmirih smmalu knpriyux keci, kiya uri mi alaw ita nanaq pa mbiyax bay pkrana pantawti qqpahun kawkeci, quri ddiyun knkana kanpyutar, kwangtyey keci, qqpahun tongsyun pa mniq jeynseykay keyjay u nniqan bay hhangan ka qqpahun kawkeci Taiwan. == Knhbrawan hiyi sediq（人口） == === Pusu tyawmu: Knhbrawan hiyi sediq Taiwan mi kokomin Cyokaminkoku. === ==== '''Nniqan knkingal minjoku(族群分布)''' ==== Pusu tyawmu: sediq Taiwan, minjoku Taiwan, Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan mi bnkuwan Cyokaminkoku nniqan Taiwan syang cn su cyu. Wa mniq qnlhangan Cyokaminkoku ka sediq Taiwan saya pa niqan 23,590,744 hiyi sediq knhbrawan, kcka na hini pa 59.92% ka wa mssli mniq csyasu; jnko mitu knkingal pinghwang kongri u 650 hiyi sediq, kana jeyngseykay pa qnlhangan hmrinas 10 kbkuy hiyi sediq u msnul Mongcyara mi tu2 bnkuwan ka Taiwan. Pusu bay nniqan sediq ka tndxral Taiwan pntaw, kiya mi nniqan tuiril Taiwan tubrnux ka knhbaraw bay; duicil wa mniq Ponghutaw ka 103,410 hiyi sediq, wa mniq Kingmung cyutaw ka 135,816, wa mniq Macu reytaw ka 12,727 hiyi sediq, niqan uri ka knhbrawan knbkiyan hiyi sediq pa uka hangan dha meybu qnhlangan, smruwa sndha hangan qnlhangan ka Cyokaminkoku, niqan meybu qnlhangan niya pa kiya ka kokomin Cyokaminkoku kana. Kiya mi quri so pnspuwan mijoku pa, 95% ka Hanjoku (Hoio, Hakka mi Telu), niqan uri ka Nantaw Yusi Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan pa ya bay 2.5% kiya. Mnpusa kari “tuspac knbeyhing minkoku” ka Mincu Cinpu tang muda psbalay pnluban minjoku mi qnlhangan, hmrinas 90% ka minjoku u alaw ka mnsupu mnuda quri seyji mi kndudul pkranan “sediq Taiwan” ka knklanan, binaw ka ini dhuq 10% ka sediq qnlhangan pa qmita dhiya nanaq u “sediq Cyokoku” mnchaya mi ini pklanan “sediq Taiwan” ka qnita dha. Kiya mi kcka niya pa niqan 84% ka Hanjoku pa llutuc tnhdilan 17 seyki dhuq brah kngkawas 1945 kndadax Cyokoku Tayriku miyah Taiwan, ddhiya niyi wa mniq nniqan Taiwan u wada dha ngalan “sediq pnsng”. “Sediq pnsng” u to bay kndadax Cyokoku Tayriku nniqan tunarac hunac, kiya ka knkana kndadax tmhdilan Hucyeyn sng tuhunac mkngahu ucilung, knkana knhbrawan hiyi sediq u 70% ka llutuc sediq Holo Taiwan, kiya mi kndadax Kwangtong sng ssiyaw thdil, knkana knhbrawan u 13.5% ka llutuc Hakka sediq Taiwan. Duma ka qnita dha pa Hanjoku Plmukan mi Hakka sediq pnsng pa to bay niqan daran Sediq Tnpusu Pingpu joku ka dhiya, binaw niqan ka sweyce u ini hari sruwa so niyi kari. Niqan uri ka 14% hiyi sediq ka kngkawas 1945 hiti kndadax Cyokoku Tayriku knkingal sng, msnul seyhu qnduriq Cyokaminkoku miyah thdil nniqan Taiwan ka “sediq Cyokoku”, kcka niyi u niqan 2% ka pusu bay wa mniq Macu ryeytaw na Hucominsi. Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan u hmrinas 400 kbkuy kngkawas; hmrinas mk10 kbkuy kngkawas mi hmrinas knbkiyan kngkawas brah cida da u tna tnpusu mnniqTaiwan ka Nataw Minjoku, cbiyaw han pa plwanan “ sediq Formosa”; kana knhbrawan hiyi sediq u 571,427 hiyi sediq (kngkawas 2019 idas 12 mnhdu), knkana u 2.42%, beytaq saya pa psnakan seyhu 16 pusu minjoku dungan. Kcka niya pa ma mniq quri nniqan tunarac tuiril bbrnux, kiya ka Sediq/Seejiq/Seediq minjoku, Tayal joku, Truku joku, Bunun joku, Saisyat joku, Cho joku, Raaruwa joku, Kanakanav joku, Pangcah/Amis joku, Paiwan joku, Pinuyumayan joku, Drekay joku, Kavaran joku, Sakizaya joku mi Thau joku; Tau joku pa wa mniq Ranyu taw kiya, niqan uri ka hbaraw bay Pingpu joku pa ini qhdu snhdu phiyu hangan niya na, mray so Siraya joku, Pazeh joku, Kahabu joku, Tawkas joku, Kaytakran joku, Papura joku. Niqan uri ka alaw dndulan pnkranan kwocihwa, niqan knou bay knbkiyan hiyi ka qridin Cyokoku Tayriku miyah sediq Taiwan, mk10 knbkiyan hiyi ka qridin gaykoku miyah sediq Taiwan mi 30 knbkiyan sngari hiyi ka kndadax qnlhangan icil mpqpah rawkong, pspuwan kana ka kndadax qnlhangan icil bsiyaq miyah mniq Taiwan pa ya bay niqan 56.2 knbkiyan hiyi sediq. Kana kcka Taiwan sincumin pa quri so pneyyah Yeynag, Indunisiya, Taykwo , Huyryupin na qnlhangan tunarac hunac Asia ka 43.4 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, niqan uri ka 8.9 knbkiyanhiyi sediq u kndadax nniqan Cyokoku Tayriku, Hong kong mi Awmn. Beytaq kongyeyn kngkawas 2016 cida pa, knkana qnhbrawan hiyi sediq Nataw minjoku/Nataw yucu pa 3 oku 86kbkuy knbkiyan sngari hiyi sediq, kiyami Taiwan ka pusu bay pnrdingan pnyahan mi bubu qnlhangan Nataw minjoku/Nataw yujoku, so kiya, hbaraw bay mstlutuc Nataw minjoku/yu joku pa kngkawan cnduray daw, snpusal bay miyah Taiwan miying pusu wamil dha mi muda ppwaluk bungka. Spuda klelu tnhdilan pa, Nantaw minjoku/yucu u pneyyah tuiril daya bay Taiwan thduil mquri Huyripin, Marian cyutaw, Pwoswoco, Sincineyya, Sumntara, Cwawa, Cyarorin cyutaw, Selomoh cyutaw, Wannase, Skeritwoniya, Huyci, Tongcya, Masawar cyuntaw, Hawaii, Sehuy cyutaw, tunarac bay ka Rapa Nui/Easter Island (Huhwotaw), Kuke cyuntaw, kiya mi tuhunac bay ka Aotearoa/New Zealand na Maori joku mi tuiril bay Madakasikara. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="10" |'''Bnkuwan knbeyhing bay alang mkbrnux Taiwan''' <small>kngkawas 2020 idas 7 hiti bay huku knhbrawan sediq.</small> |- ! !'''Bnkuwan''' !'''Hangan alang mkbrnux''' !Singcngcyu !Knhbrawan hiyi !'''Bkuwan''' !'''Alang mkbrnux''' !Sngcyu !Knhbrawan hi ! |- | rowspan="10" |[[Patas bntasan:New_Taipei_Skyline_2018.jpg|thumb|Sinpey su]][[Patas bntasan:20211126 Taichung Skyline.jpg|thumb|Taycyu su]] |1 |Sinpey su |Sinpey su |4,027,481 |11 |Heyto su |Pingtong |198,359 | rowspan="10" |[[Patas bntasan:Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg|thumb|Takaw su]][[Patas bntasan:Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg|thumb|Tayhoku su]] |- |2 |Tayc yu su |Taycyu su |2,816,792 |12 |Cupey su |Sincu keyng |198,122 |- |3 |Takaw su |Takaw su |2,770,654 |13 |Yeyrin su |Syokakeyng |125,137 |- |4 |Tayhoku su   |Tayhoku su    |2,620,037 |14 |Toryo su |Yunrinseyn |108,692 |- |5 |Toeyng su   |Toeyng su |2,260,043 |15 |Tayto su |Tayto keyng |104,904 |- |6 | | |1,877,294 |16 |Tohun su |Byoricu keyng |103,993 |- |7 |Sincikusu |Sinciku su |450,113 |17 |Kareyngko su |Kareyngko keyng |102,76 |- |8 |Kirongsu |Kirong su |368,372 |18 |Nanto su   |Nanto keyng |99,210 |- |9 |Kagisu |Kagisu |266,833 |19 |Cawtwen cn   |Nantokeyng |97,474 |- |10 |Syokasu |Syoka keyng |231,876 |20 |Cutong cn   |Sincukeyng |96,036 |} === Kari jiyi(語言文字) === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Bnkuwan kari Telu mi kari tnpusu Taiwan. ==== [[Patas bntasan:Proportion of Taiwanese Language Used in House.svg|thumb|Iyax kngkawas 1945 dhuq kngkawas 2010, nniqan Taiwan llaqi 6 kngkawas mniq sapah dduwi kari niya mi knpriyux, psnakan kari hwayu Cyokaminkoku (rakaw tmkarac), kari Holo Taiwan (rakaw msama), kari Hakka Taiwan (rakaw mbbanah) mi kari Nantaw Taiwan (rakaw mdamay)         ]] Kari Telu ka ddiyun kari seyhu. Cyokaminkoku u pnhiyu kngkawas 1912 mniq Cyokoku Tayriku daw kiya ka muda dmudul kwoyu undo, Cyokaminkoku Cyawyupu ka muda phiyu Cyawyupu kwoyu tweysing weyyeynhuy pskingan psdhu. Cida seyhu u dmudul balay mndungus bay hnang kari sndhu, dmuwi hhnang kari dduwi seyhu Peycing ka Cyokaminkoku mdhu hhnang, kiyami smmalu cuin huhaw ka psdkanan. Kngkkawas 1920 ccida mangal dndulan sinwenswey undo, beytaq kngkawas 1940 mnhdu ka dmudul kari hwayu Cyokoku Tayriku. Kokomin seyhu u kngkawas 1949 qnduriq miyah nniqan Taiwan daw, bsiyaq balay mniq sapah pyasan tmsa kari hwayu ka pusu bay dduwi kari Telu, kiya mi dmudul cngti kari Cyokoku ka bbtasun patas, snrdingan kyoiku u karikwoyu ka knou bay diyax slhayan pyasan, binaw hhiti daw prading smluhay kari Holo, kari Hakka mi smluhay kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan mi kari Huco (kasi ka nniqan Macu kiya) mi kari Telu ka ngalan kari pnsdkanan. Ana so kari Telu (Hwayu) ka pnspuwan bay dmuwi kari, niqan nanaq lhayan dmuwi kari knkingal minjoku txtaxa minjoku Taiwan uri, quri so hbaraw sediq u sediq Holo pa, dmuwi kari Holoka ngalan dha kari tnpusu kiya; Hakka minjoku uri pa dmuwi bay kari Hakka Taiwan pprngaw uri. Ana so dmuwi kari Telu pprngaw ka sediq Cyokoku mnniyah thdil Taiwan ak dhiya, hbaraw ssediq Ryencyang keyng mi Ucyo syang u ngalan dha pusu tnkari ka kari Huco mi kari Husyeyn. Niqan uri ka Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan dduwi dha kari pa kiya ka balay bay mndungus pusu pnyahan kari Nantaw minjoku/Nantaw yusi, binaw wada kndudul mlih ka mkla rmngaw kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan, dmuwi kari Telu ka wada mrana. Niqan 16 minjoku mi 42 kluwanan ka kari nngari saya pa, niqan 5 kluwanan ka kari ya bay mmusa pkngatun da. Binaw dmudul kari Telu u, so dmuwi bay kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan ka txtaxa minkoku mi wada luhay dmuwi kari Tanah Tunux ka Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan mi kana ssediq Taiwan Holo mi Hakka uri pa snburah prading smluhay kari Telu dungan, kiya mi alaw so niyi wada kndudul mowic  ka kari tnpusu txtaxa minjoku Taiwan. Spuda kngkawas 2010 jnko puca cida, hmrinas 6 kngkawas  mniq sapah dmuwi kari Telu u 83.6% mi dmuwi kari Holo u 81.9%, dmuwi kari Hakka u 6.6% mi dmuwi kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan u 1.4% balay kiya, binaw skari Holo, skari Hakka mi skari Sediq Tnpusu  Taiwan pa alaw kngkawas u kndudul mlih uri ka skari kngkawas. Mniq syakay u knpstutuy ka Taiwan kari jiyi undo,  hbaraw keyng su u dmudul smluhay kari tnousu, malix hmtur stusa kari ka seyhu daw, Kwoyu tweysing ingkay uri u psbalay quri dduwi  kari tnpusu kari mi dduwi jiyi, kiya mi prading muda smluhay  kari Holo mi kari Hakka mi kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan. Mray so alaw qqlahang  dmuwi kari Huco, kiya ka knkana llaqi muyas sapah oyasan tiping  Macu ryeytaw pa muda nanaq smluhay kari  tnpusu dha nanaq.        == '''Snlhayan snhiyan('''宗教信仰) == === Pusu tyawmu: Snhiyan Taiwan mi snhiyan nniqan Taiwan. === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan Mengjia-Longshan-Temple-00.jpg|thumb|Wa mniq Tayhoku su ka Bangka Rongsansu. ]] |} “Keyngpo Cyokaminkoku” u qqlahang ssediq malu niqan mtrawah snhiyan mi muda biyax waya pnsdhuwan, kiya  mi psdkanan qmita kana ka knkingal snhiyan. Spuda dndulan sediq tnhdilan Taiwan, wada mdhu mi bsiyaq pklanan ka sediq tnhdilan Holo joku pnsltudan snhiyan dha Bukyo mi Dokyo, kiya mi mniq tuiril qnlhangan qqtan bay Kiristo burah kyo,  Teysukyo mi Isrankyo  ka snhiyan u niqan hbaraw bay sinjya uri, spuda kngkawas 2005 ka jnko puca pa, niqan 18,718,600v hiyi sediq ka niqan snlhayan snhiyan (81.3%), niqan uri ka 14% dhuq 18% hiyi sediq pa uka snhlayan snhiyan dha. Kiya mi ndanan bnkuwan klwanan  tyawca seyhu ka 26 snlhayan snhiyan pa, mnkuwan  bbrah 5 ka Bukyo (8,086,000 hiyi sediq, 35.1%）, Dokyo (7,600,000 hiyi sediq,  33%） Ikwando（810,000 hiyi  sediq, 3.5%）, Kiristo burah kyo（605,000 hiyi sediq, 2.6% ) mi Teyngskyo（298,000 hiyi  sediq, 1.3%）. Amirika congyang cingpawcyu  na “Scey kaykwang” pa tmiyu hmrinas 93% hiyi sediq ka wada msupu Cyokoku  snhlayan, Tasng Bukyo, Jukyo, thmuku utux rudanmi Dokyo na knou Utux snlhayan niya, niqan 4.5% hiyi sediq hiyi sediq ka smluhay Kiristo burah kyo mi Teynsukyo na kuriscyang, niqan uri ka ini khrinas 2.5% ka sinjya Isrankyo snhiyan. === '''Huri cyocu''' === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:ROC-MOHW Building 20160723c.jpg|thumb|Seykining qmlahang kokong weysng, pqita narux huwu mi syakay huri ka Cyokaminkoku weysng huripu.     ]] |} Taiwan kokong weysng, pqita narux huwu mi syakay huri pa peyyah kngkawas 2013 idas 7 daw wada mkala Cyokaminkoku Weysnghuripu ka seykining, kiya mi kngkawas 1995 cida ka muda Cweynmin cyeynkang pawsyeyn pa spuda Weysnghuripu congyang cyeyngkang pawsyeynsu qnlahang. Cweynmin cyeynkang pawsyeyn ka kingal kluwanan syakay pawsyeyn, spuda dmudul kongmin pqita narux pawsyeyn cihwa, dmayaw knou bay pqita narux huwu mi tqlahang mnarux na qqpahun. 99.5% kongminsaya pa wada tumal cweymin cyenkang pawseyn, Cweymin cyeynkang pawsyeyn u wada dmaya quri sediq ttikuh nngalan hbangan, ntaygo heytay, ini khrinas 3 kngkawas ka llaqi, uka qqpahun sediq, mqraqil sediq, rrudan sediq, uxay daw qqrinuc sediq u ddyawan kana ka hbangan pqita mnarux. Cweynmin cyeynkang pawsyeyn pa kiya ka nngalan qnhlangan knkana 5.44%, kiya u quri so txtaxa kluwanan ssediq pa niqan ka dnlulan dha smpu bbuway hbangan cyeynpaw, quri so bbuway hbangan pa txtaxa hiyi sediq u malu umaw tnpusu qqpahun uxay uri u ita nanaq ka muway bbiqun hbangan. === '''Weysng pqita narux''' === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-03.jpg|thumb|Kwori Taiwan sapah pyasan knbeyhing yisweyyeyn huse byoing. ]] |} Mniq syakay Taiwan saya pa, pdkanan t1 knbkiyan hiyi sediq daw qmniqan 20.2 hiyi ising, 5.31 hiyi ka ising rupun mi 69.01 ka tqiyan mnarux so niyi ka pnqita narux huwu. Dhuq kngkawas 2012 cida, niqan 502 ka byoing mi 20,935 ka sapah sanan pqita narux Taiwan, kcka hini u kiya ka knkana 82 ka byoing qnlhangan mi 447 ka sapah sanan pqita narux. Kiya mi kngkawas 2009 cida muda mhmuc umaw 3.360 hiyi mnarux sediq muda ppkla ya malu ka ndanan qmpah pqitanarux byoing daw, niqan 75.1% hiyi sediq ka “mqaras balay” qmnpah byoing, niqan 20% hiyi sediq ka “malu” qmnpah byoing mnca haya, wana 4.4% hiyi sediq mnarux ka quri so qmnpah byoing uxay uri u qnlhangan dha pa “ini qqaras” mi “ini bay qqaras”. Kngkawas 2000 cida, pnsdkanan dduwi hbangan knkana weysng ka sediq Taiwan pa ya bay 752 pila Amirika; kngkawas 2001 cida, dduwi hbangan weysng pa kiya ka nngalan qnlhangan knkana u 5.8%, kcka niyi u 64.% dduwi hbangan u wada spuda hbangan seyhu ka muway. Tqlahang mnarux congsin knkana qnlhangan Taiwan ka Cyokaminkoku Weysn huripu cipin kwancsu, pusu bay seykining tqlahang narux, tyawca narux, umarang yicing mi tqlahang narux ka qqpahun dha, kiya mi snpusal pquri ceyhe, tngkeje, cangpingtu, mchdil bay cising husitaw cnghocyun (SARS), cyasing ryokan pingtu H7N9 yasing mi yicing pawhwa muda kndahang. Niqan uri ka pquri pnhiyu iyu spin anheyng ka Weysng huripu uuqun iyu kwanrisu, seykining tqlahang iyu, yimyaw, qqiya ddiyun mnarux, uuqun, hucu uuqun mi pcpingan krimu na pincu anjeyng mi bbrihan niya.     === '''Kyoiku tisi''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Kyoiku Taiwan mi rikisi kyoiku Taiwan.    ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan University-of-Taipei-05.jpg|thumb|apah pyasan tubeyhing pnhiyu Tayhoku su. ]] |} Pnwaya kyoiku Cyokaminkoku prmaxan Cyokoku mi Amirika kyoiku tisi tukubeycu niyapnhiyu, kiya mi mniq kngkawas 1945 cida spuda pusu bay biyax qmnlahang Taiwan ka Amirika pa dmurun Cyokaminkoku ka qmlahang Taiwan, kiya ka prading mniq Taiwan muda, spuda Cyokaminkoku Cyawyupu ka seykining.So hiti daw muda pnwaya “Waya kokomin kyoiku” kiya u malu mngari kngkawas kokomin yiwu kyoiku ka qnlhangan sediq, so bukuy dungan u wada pkranan mngari kngkawas msltudan slhayan, mniq kngkawas 2012 cida u niqan 99.15% ka laqi muya lmutuc muyas pyasan tubaraw mi pyasan cisusing tubaraw. Kyoiku sitong saya pa 6 kngkawas ka pyasan tutiping kyoiku, 3 kngkawas ka pyasan tukcka kyoiku, 3 kngkawas ka pyasan tubaraw kyoiku mu 4 kngkawas pyasan tubeyhing kyoiku. Saya pa knkana u 158 pyas tubeyhing kyoiku, kiya mi psnakan putong kyoiku (pyasan tubeyhing, dukuricu sweyyeyn) mi cicu cyawyu (koci pyasan tubeyhing, cisu sweying) ddha beyhing tisi, niqan bay hnhangan na pyasan beyhing u niqan pnhiyu qnlhangan Taiwan pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Taiwan keci pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cyawtong pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cngkong pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Congyang pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cinghwa pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cngkong pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Congsan pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cngcu pyasan tubeyhing.   Cyokaminkoku Cyawyupu u mniq kngkawas 2007 pusa kari mprading dmudul Mk12 kngkawas kokomin snrdingan kyoiku, binaw alaw uuda yosang mi ini sruwa ka rrudan laqi mi wada thtur, kiya mi so mniq cngce peytaw u niqan so pnsblayan ka qnita. === '''Cwanpwo meyti''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: So lnlamu tunanaq ka Cyokaminkoku meyti mi Taiwan meyti    ==== Kngkawas 1999 cida, quri so singbung mtrawah pa wada lixan ka quri hhtran, kiya ka wada kasi so qnpuran miyah ka lnlamu kluwanan cwanpwo meyti, binaw knou ka pprngawan mquri lnlamu tunanaq meyti uri. Kngkawas 2008 cida u niqan 1,300 sngari singbung ciko, to bay so tutipiq sying ciyey. Kcka knbeyhing bayqnlhangan tongsyunse ka Congyang tongsyunse pnhiyu kngkawas 1924, duma cnhdilan bay singbung ciko pa niqan so cingci mi cinjong pusu niya ka Cyokoku cingci tongsyunse.       == Bungka(文化) == ==== Pusu tyawmu: Bungka Cyokaminkoku mniq Cyokoku Tayriku ccida, bungka Taiwan, rikisi bungkaTaiwan mi bnkuwan ddiyax smsung Cyokaminkoku.    ==== === '''Bungka mmahun mi uuqun''' === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taichung 2013 nightmarket 2 amk.jpg|thumb|Taycyu su kingal bbriwan sanan rmiwaw kman kan wisu mbari ruwey.     ]] |} ==== Pusu tyawmu: Mmahun mi uuqun Taiwan, damac Taiwan, uuqun Taiwan, bungka ociya Taiwan mi sanan rmiwaw kman Taiwan.  ==== Bungka mmhun mi uuqun Taiwan pa pusu bay ka damac Taiwan, mmalan hongke knkingal bungka mmahan mi uuqun, pusu bay u niqan damac Holo Taiwan, damac Hakka Taiwan kiya mi quri so ddamac waysng (syangcay, rucay, weycay). Alaw hbaraw bay llutuc sediq Taiwan pa kndadax Cyokoku Tayriku Hanjoku kana, so kiya ddamac u pneyyah damac Cyokoku, kiya mi wada malan hongke knkingal nniqan Cyokoku. Alaw  qpuran ucilung ka Taiwan, heycaw yangryo ka muda mi knskuy hngak misan ka mquri tuhunac, kiya ka wada mdungus bay ka kana lnlingay haycan cuyeyn, sediq Taiwan pa mkan bay quri qqcurux, peyrey, cyakerey mi mundus kcka ucilung. Alaw tmabu nanaq ou kluwan uuqun tnbuwan ka Taiwan, quri so hiyi rodux, siyang babuy, hiyi dapa mi hiyi miric pa niqan briyan mi kmkan u niqan uqun uri. Ana so uxay knbeyhing bay ka dxral qqpahun phuma pnwalang, binaw mndungus bay ka kluwanan pnhuma pnwalang, sediq Taiwan pa buwax payay ka pusu bay uuqun (cbiyaw bay han pa macu, bunga mi sari ka pusu bay uuqun).   [[Snakun:Toda]] Niqan ka mniq kcka elu pa niqan bay hhangan ka bungka“syawcu”, mnhdu phapuy ka uuqun pa psnakun pusa sara tiping. Knkingal cyawtanhwan pa mssli mukingal sanan rmiwaw kman da, qrasun bay mi niqan bay hhangan ka sanan rmiwaw kman pa niqan Ryohe yeysu, Surin yeysu, Rwotong yeysu, Hwayeyn yeysu, Hongcya yeysu, Hori kwankwang yeysu, Hwaryey Tongtamn yeysu. Kiya mi wada mchdil bay bungka rmirih kndusan. Uuqun bay ka syawcu pa Owaceyn, Syangcipay, Cotohu, Syeynsuci, Sngcyeyn Manto, Misyeykaw, Owamiswa, Rujohwan, Bacang, Bawan, Tancaymyeyn, Gubami, Syawrongpaw, Teynpura, Pitan Tohu, Yonghe Tocyang. === '''Yiwen Hwotong''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Taiwan yisu, Taiwan wenswey mi Taiwan inggaku. ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taiwanese opera2.JPG|thumb|Kocaysi ka mnkuxul bay sediq Taiwan pnsltudan sicyu uri, kiya ka rmirih pnsltudan pyawyeyn yisu uri. ]] |} Wada dndulan kngkawas 1919 burah bungka undo, pkranan kklanan tuiril bungka mi konghecu ka qqnita. Ndanan Taiwan pa pnuda lntudan umarang kari mi bntasan ppatas, quri so jucya mi bungka Holo ka pusu, binaw niqan ka ini pntna qqita dha pusu pnyahan mi kiya ka wada ppkhruy; alaw ka Taiwan u ndanan ou ini pntna qnlhangan mi minjoku qmlahang, kiya a syakay saya daw wada kndudul pkranan so Taiwan ka kklanan mi knou bay kluwanan bungka, binaw uuda Taiwan uri ka pprngawan bay mniq kcka qnlhangan uri. Kcka niyi pa quri so msupu pnsltudan mi bungka jitay saya mi, wada mrimax Hanjoku Jucya bungka mi bungka Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan ini pntna bungka; say aka muda pkngalan pnsltudan bungka ka knkana Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan (Taiwan geynjuminjoku) waya mi bungka; kiya ka Hanjoku na ssaqic patas, patas trasi abura, patas tngrong, snqriyan qhuni mi cusyo ciyi ka pusu mincyeyn yisu, kiya ka knkana alaw haytaw bungka mi kndudul wada so smsung Cwencyey, smsung Yeynsyaw, Cingmingcey, smsung Ilisin pangcah, smsung Kurusmasu mpduwi bawa Yesu Kiristo.       === '''Ingsu Yure'''    === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Eyga Taiwan mi ppsasing Taiwan.      ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival in Ximending 20171111.jpg|thumb|Cinmacyang ka knkana jeyngseykay tu1 snadu eyga kari Telu, kiya mi Cincyucyang kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan mi kari Holo mi kari Hakka mi kari Telu, kiya mi Cincongcyang snadu Taiwan cwanpwo meyti; pspuwan “Turu King” sunca haya.    ]] |} ====   ==== Taiwan saya pa ingsu yure huwu yangmaw u wada knpriyux balay, wada dmuwi uka seyng wangru, niqan seyng waru, wangci wangru meyti mi suwey keci ka snrdingan pkranan dhuq bungka Tacong cwanpwo. Quri so qqtan treybi Taiwan pa wada sqrasun bay qmita knkingal klealang mi qblhangan icil, wada qtaun mniq qnlhangan Sincyapo, Maraysiya mi duma qnlhangan Asia co. Ou bay kojyo treybi u wada muda smmalu qqtaun ryeynsyucyu treybi, alaw ka kasi ka muda muru skxlun sediq Taiwan mi wada prmuxun psnakan ka kluwannan Taiwan treybucyu, mray so “Ecwocyu cuwen”, “Hwayang sawneyn sawnyu”, “Mingcong cutting kuxun misu”, “Wada smkuxun cyawkeri”, “Picu ingsyong” so kuxul dha mi mndungus wada spqita qnlhangan icil Asia co. Niqan uri ka alaw syakay saya pa kari bay kluwanan ka bungka, mtrawah mi mndungus bay biyax smnalu, kiya mi pndungus knmalu bay nniqan pkranan mpqpah eyga mi treybi. === '''Mpriwaw kwankwang''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Kwankwang Taiwan ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan National-Palace-Museum-02.jpg|thumb|Wa mniq Tayhoku ka pnhiyu qnlhangan Kukong pwowuyeyn. ]] |} Mquri Taiwan rmiwaw kwankwang ka knhbrawan sediq mpriwaw pa kawas kawas kndudul mrana, spuda snpuwan Cyawtongou kwankwangcyu pa, mniq kngkawas 2015 cida u niqan 10,439,785 hiyi sediq mpriwaw ka mniyah Taiwan, mrabang 5.34% kngkawas 2014 mntna diyax cida; kwankwang mpriwaw sediq pa to bay kndadax Asia co ka hbaraw, bnkuwan ka qnlhangan u Cyokoku, Tanah Tunux mi nniqan Hongkong Awmn, kndadax Asia co icil niya ka sediq mpriwaw u pusu bay niya u kndadax Amirika mi Awco. Kiya mi kngkawas 2014 cida, Taiwan mniq Wanstaka jeynseykay ryoko alang mkbrnux pnkla kari kcka hiya u bnkuwan tu15. Kcka hicyo na bay ssanan rmiwaw u kiya ka knkana konhyeyn qnlhangan, hongcing tetingcyu qnlhangan mi kwankwang yocicyu, niqan uri ka Taiwan syosyeyn nongcang mi ssanan mlanguy qhdil pa kuxul bay hbaraw sediq mpriwaw uri. Seyhu saya pa wisu prading muda pkranan mpriwaw pqita narux uri, kiya mi keykaku mpsmalu alang bbyoing muda mpqpah sediq mpriwaw pqita narux. Taiwan pa wa mniq alang mkbrnux pusu bay qqtanan pa niqan Tayhoku 101, mniq kngkawas 2004 dhuq kngkawas 2010 iyax na niyi pa knbbaraw bay knbeyhing sapah knkana jeynseykay, kiya ka knkana Mtrawah kwangcang, Cawutaw, kkluwanan kineyng kongyeyn mi knkingal sanan rmiwaw kman. Kiya mi Taiwan saya pa niqan tqapur bay 24 diyax sanan mari qqiya, niqan bbriwan uuqun mi ppwaluk mnsupu cinjong ciko mi seyhu uri, so kiya mi malu muway pila tnrdu rulu, pila qsiya, pila baking mnriq rulu, bbuway pila singyongka mi malu ppadas padas dnurun mi ppadas qqiya uri.          === '''Pnsung Tiyu'''  === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Taiwan tiyu ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games.svg|thumb|Pquri nganguc pnsung tiyu ka Taiwan pa pusu bay u dmuwi splawa ricah.    ]] |} Pusu bau undo Taiwan pa niqan pangcyo, rancyo mi reycyo, knkingal nniqan u phiyu cingci undokwan, kokomin undu congsin, undo kongyeyn, ou kluwanan sanan undo, langu tmapaq, pangcyo cang, kawarhu cyocang, elu ddeynsya. Wada ngalan undo sediq qnlhangan ka pangcyo u kuxul bay knkana sediq, Cyokaminkoku Pangcyo syeyhuy pa kngkawas 1989 cida ppsli phiyu Cyoka Cyeypangcyo Tareynmong, kiya mi kngkawas 2003 wada msupu Taiwan Cpang Tareynmong. Taiwan Cpang Tareynmong saya pa niqan 4 dha ka mpnsung boru niya. Pndkanan muda qmita pnsung boru pa niqan 6,079 mhiyi sediq. Taiwan pa mnuda pnsung boru kngkawas 2001 mi kngkawas 2007 Asiaco pangcyo cinpyawsay, kngkawas 2007 Sucyeypey pangcyosay mi kngkawas 2013 Sucey pangcyo cingteynsay, kiya mi kngkawas 1982 mi kngkawas 1992 Orinpike undokay pa wada mbiyax mangal Dongpay mi Ginpay, niqan uri ka so Wangceynmin, Cnweyin, Cawcinhuy, Kwohongcu, Nihute, Hucinrong ka mbiyax bay mpsboru niya ka txtaxa niyi pa wada tumal cnbu boru Amirika cpang Tareynmong.                  == Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料) == * [http://www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html 外交部] * [[:en:List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government|List of current heads of state and government]] *Tnhjil kari seejiq Watan Diro(瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug. *https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中華民國<nowiki/>(參考自中文維基百科) 5dnx53snlaciu482bgxxc5vait5xfg1 108306 108305 2026-04-26T14:19:07Z T20854 2961 108306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Patas bntasan:Locator map of the ROC Taiwan.svg|thumb|Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay. (自然地理位置)|222x222px]] Rmirih cngcweyn Cyokoku mniq Taiwan u qnlhangan pnwaya mincu kongho, wa mniq tunarac Asia. Kndadax 1912 pnhiyu mi dhuq kngkawas 1971 cida ka wada malix ryeynhoko iyax niyi pa, ngalan koci; saya u alaw balay bay tnqhlangan tndxral mi quri uuda seyji, hbaraw bay qnhlangan icil mniq koci saya pa splawa dha Taiwan ka ngalan dha hangan qnhlangan lmawa. Saya u balay bay wisu na qlhangan ka knlbangan tndxral pa 36,197 pinghwang kongri, kiya knkana ka Taiwan pntaw mi knkana msdalih tawyu, Ponghu cyutaw, duma tawyu mkngahu ucilung Hucyeyn mi duma Nanhay cutaw, Taipe ka soto, knbeyhing bay mi knhbaraw bay sediq pa Sinpeysu. Mndungus bay knhbrawan hiyi kana qnhlangan u 2,360 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, pusu bay u pnspuwan Han joku (sediq Holo mi sediq Hakka) mi Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan geynjumin joku. Kari qnhlangan wa kiya ka kari ida nkiya knkana txtaxa minjoku mi pnbawa tnkari Taiwan, dmuwi mndungus bay kari Telu mi kari Holo (kari Minnanyu Taysu),matas u dmuwi Han jiyi. Gaga kska Yacow ka [[Taywan]], 23 30 N, 121 00 E ka gaga na nniqan. Kana ka knlbangan na o 35,980 sq km（hangan na o Tg139） (knlbanga dxgal o 32,260 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 3,720 sq km). Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 23,464,787 hiyi. Gaga [[Taypey]] ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 10 idas 10 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. Manu ka dxgal Taiwan ga wada sugan 22.70% ka dxgal qpahan, rahuq dxgal do niqan 77.30% na. Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Cayingun, pnaah hngkawas2016 idas 5 jiyax 20pnrajing kmlawa klwaan. cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’ [[Patas bntasan:Miaoli-County Taiwan Quanhua-Temple-03.jpg|縮圖|sapah teykung Taywan.]] === Pusu tyawmu: Splawa dha Cyokaminkoku Taiwan === Kngkawas 1905 (Cingkwangsyu kngkawas 31), Cyokoku tongmonghuy u pnhiyu mniq Nihong Tokyo, cida  u pusa kari ka pnhiyu na, kari niyi u “Tbrinah Conghwa, phiyu Minkoku”. Kawas daw, Swen wen mniq pnsliyan  dha pprngaw cida u pskingal Cyokaminkoku ka hangan qnhlangan,  snbeyhing qmita phiyu minkoku u sediq ka pusu bay sndhuwan na.   Babaw pnhiyu ka Cyokaminkoku daw, splawa dha mi lxan bayhangan u “Cyokoku”, “Hwa”; ana so kngkawas 1949 cida alaw Kokominto mi Kyosanto ka mccbu, wada ini baka Kyosanto ka Kokominto kiya mi wada qduriq miyah Taipe Taiwan ka tukcka seyhu, beytaq soto Cyang cingko mrdang cida u, seyhu Cyokaminkoku u  ida tmhangan dhiya nanaq sa Cyokoku, kiya mi ini dha srwani muru waya qmita ka Cyoka jnmin konghoko, kiya mi bukuy na u knlwanan dha tndxral ka nniqan Taru, Taru rwensyeyncyu. Seyhu Cyokaminkoku pkla dhiya nanaq pa balay bay knlwanan dha tndxral ka nniqan Taymin, nniqan Taiwan, Taymin, nniqan Taiwan, [[Patas bntasan:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|thumb|Kwoci Taywan|alt=A red flag, with a small blue rectangle in the top left hand corner on which sits a white sun composed of a circle surrounded by 12 rays.|200x200px]] == Rikisi(歷史) == {| class="wikitable" |+ |[[Patas bntasan:李鐵夫孫中山12345.jpg|thumb]] |} === Pusu tyawmu: Rikisi Cyokaminkoku, rikisi Cyokoku mi rikisi Taiwan Cyokoku tayriku cida. === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Flag of the Republic of China (3).JPG|thumb|Yupan bwihur ka splawa Cyokaminkoku, nganlan dha tumkarac karac bhuway hidaw mbanah dxral splawa, ririh sa mtrawah, pstnaun, unaluka dungus na.]] |[[Patas bntasan:KMTretreat.svg|thumb|Tumndha mccbu ka Kokominto mi Kyosangto, elu qndriqan Kokominto seyhu. ]] |[[Patas bntasan:History of Taiwan zh-hant.png|thumb|Rikisi Taiwan, Bnkuwan kngkawas rikisi Taiwan. ]] |[[Patas bntasan:Hualinsi 2.jpg|thumb|Rikisi Hucyeyn siryey tyawmu]] |} === Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku tayriku cida, Peyyang seyhu, Kokomin seyhu. === Kndadax kngkawas 1840 ini baka mccbu tumntxan mccbu yapyeyn daw, wada pkixan ptrawah haycin mi ppwaluk quri qnlhangan  nganguc. Snturung quri so tuiril qnlhangan kongyeyhwa knbeyhing pkranan mi ini qdhuq mi knttu ini baka mccbu ka pnqsiqa qnhlangan, psburah knpriyux ka lnglungan  syakay mi Holo joku dukuricu ka sntangan dha u kndudul mrana. Puting hiti 19 seyki dhuq pnrdingan 20 seyki, quri so nniqan tuhunac Cyangsu, Cocyang, Hunan, Kwangco mi  hayway duma qnhlangan u prading tutuy ka pnuda Hayway Hwacyaw, Huytang, Sincyun, Laqi muyas ka muda mssli, dmudul pspawx Cingcaw tongcu phiyu burah qnlhangan ka qnpringan keming. Kndadax kngkawas 1895 Kwangco ciyi prading, spuda Sunwen ka pusu mpdudul  knkingal nniqan sediq Kemingtang; peyyah prading dhuq bukuy  pa snpusal muda ucwang ciyi, binaw alaw wada yahun hmtur mirik Cingting kiya ka ini pndungus. Kngkawas 1908 idas 11, mpdudul Cingting Cusi tayho mi Kwangsyu hwangti u wada  lmutuc mrdang, rmnririh dmuwi biyax dmpdudul  pa uka biyax qmlahang mi ini dha snhiyi uri. Kngkawas 1911 idas 9 cida, alaw Sucwan Pawru undo, Cing seyhu snkaun heytay Hupey musa mirik. Idas 10 diyax 10, Kongcinhuy  mi Wensweyso rmading Ucang ciyi, diya 11 ka phiyu Cyokaminkoku seyhu heytay, knkeidas u hbaraw bay txtaxa sng ka kndudul cmiyuk mtutuy, kiya ka Sinhay koming, Waymongku u wada pkla nanaq Dukuricu. Miyah qduriq thdil Taiwan ka seyhu kokominto. Pusu tyawmu: Miyah qduriq thdil  Taiwan ka seyhu Cyokaminkoku mi Cyokaminkoku Taiwan jiday Peyyah kngkawas 1948 idas 8 prading, Cyokaminkoku qnduriq seyhu pa lmutuc pssli butay, qqiya bungka, wayhuy mi sediq Cyokoku qduriq miyah thdil Taiwan. Kngkawas 1947 idas 2 diyax 28 cida, wada  muda knbeyhing bay qnrqilan Nini Haci jikeyng ka Taiwan, kiya mi kngkawas 1949 idas 1 cida dungan pa, snturung  sqrbuq Taypingrun jikeyng, idas 5 cida,  pusa kari Taiwan cyeyyeyn ka Cngcng, idas 10 diyax 1, Cyokoku kyosangto u mniq Peyping muda phiyu Cyoka  jnmin konghoko congyang jnmin seyhu, kiya mi wada pryuxun Peycing tmhangan ka Peyping. Butay Kokominto pa wada mbiyax mccbu Kingmun Kuningto. Idas 12 diyax 7 cida, Cyokaminkoku congyang kndadax Nancing Cyokoku qduriq miyah thdil Tahoku Taiwan, mntna idas cida, wada ulkan Kyosangto Cyokoku ka Kwangsi, Sucwan. Kngkawas 1950 rmading ka Mccbu Cawseyng, snkaun t7 cyeyntuy kmlawa uucilung Taiwan ka Turumun, qnburang Cyokoku jnmin cyeyhwang heytay miyah knrmux cnbu Taiwan. Cuxan pa Ryeynhoko mi knhbaraw bay qnhlangan Tuiril pa alaw runan rngcan cyusu; kiya mi ngalan dha balay bay seyhu Cyokoku ka Cyokaminkoku ka cida. Jiday saya dpa hay mniq koci syakay ka hnyuwan dha u, kiya ka balay bay muru pnwaya  rmirih seyhu Cyokoku, srwanan mniq Ryeynhoko uri. Kngkawas 2016 mi kngkawas 2020 cida, Micu cinputang hosweynjn Cayingwen ka wada mangal mi phyuwan muwaya bay qridin soto, kiya mi mniq Ripoing uri pa wada mangal hmrinas dmka knhbrawan hiyi ing, dmudul Mincu cinputang mntxan mndungus bay cucng, kiya mi mniq kngkawas 2020 soto sengkyo pa wada mangal 817 knbkiyan 231 ka hyo (wada mangal 57.13% ka hyo niya) mndungus lmutuc soto dungan, kndadax kngkawas 1996 minsweyn soto dhuq kngkawas 2020 pa knou bay hyo bntaqan na soto hosweynjn Cyokaminkoku. Alaw dmudul knpriyux Nyeyncin kayke mi quri so cnhdilan knpriyux, kiya ka wada  ini baka kngkawas 2018 Cyokaminkoku tihwang kongcu jnyeyn seyngkyo mi wada mlih knhbrawan ka mnangal keyngcyo mi sukyo. Kngkawas 2019 idas 5 cida, msupu kngkawas 2017 Suhwaing sucu tu748 go cyeysu mi mnuda kngkawas  2018 Cyokaminkoku cweyngkosing kongmin meytaq hyo tu10, 12 ang cida kiya ka muda smalu waya seyhu ka “Suhwaing sucu tu748 go cyeysu susinghwa” hwacuhwa Taiwan tongsing hwenin, kiya ka  wada tu1 qnhlangan smruwa tongsing hwenin muru pnwaya, mntxan dungan sndhu Cyokaminkoku  syeyncng, hwacu mi mincweyn. == Nniqan Lnlingay (地理) == === Pusu tyawmu: Taiwan mi nniqan lnlingay Taiwan. === === '''Ticu cyeyko ('''地質結構) === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku nniqan lnlingay cityeyn mi Taiwan ticu. ==== [[Patas bntasan:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg|thumb|File:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg(Satellite photo of Taiwan. Description by NASA: "The island of Taiwan sits off of the coast of southern China between the East China Sea, the South China Sea, southwestern Japan's Nansei-shoto Islands, and the Pacific Ocean. The island is mostly mountainous in the east, but gradually transitions to gently sloping plains in the west. At the northern tip of the island is Taiwan's capital city, Taipei, which appears as a large grayish patch surrounded by dark green. In this image, most of Taiwan's eastern coast is dotted with low clouds, with low and high clouds off the coast in the Pacific Ocean. MODIS also detected three fires, which are marked in red. This true-color Terra MODIS was acquired December 15, 2002.")]] Balay bay tndxral Cyokaminkoku saya pa 99% ka wa mniq msthiyaq Cyokoku tayriku 180 kongri na Taiwan taw, 1% ka duma ttiping tawyu, kana bay knlbangan tndxral pa 36,197 pinghwang kongri. Tuiril Taiwan taw ka uucilung Taiwan, tudaya ka Tonghay, tunarac u msdalih uucilung Huyriping dhuq Taypingyang, tuhunac ka Ryusong haysya, tuiril hunac ka Nanhay. Knbbaraw tuhunac dhuq tudaya tawyu pa ya bay 400 kongri,  knlbangan bay tunarac dhuq tuiril pa dhuq 145 kongri. Uxay wana Taiwan mi ssiyaw tawyu, niqan tuiril daya Ponghu cyuntaw, kiya mi msdalih mkngahu ucilung Cyokoku tayriku ka Kingmung cyuntaw, Ucyo ryeyyu mi Macu ryeytaw. Wa kcka Nanhay pa niqan Tongsa cyuntaw, Congsa cyuntaw, Nansa cyuntaw, binaw uka ka tnpusu mniq hiya ana knuwan ka sediq. Ssiyaw Taiwan pa niqan Ranyu, Ryutaw, Kweysan taw, Kirong yu, Myeynhwa yu, Pongcya yu, Hwaping yu, Tyawyutay ryeyyu na Hwosan taw uri na, kiya mi wa mniq tuhunac ka Ryocyo yu, Cisingyeyn na sanhucyaw taw.      === '''Tising Sweywen ('''地形水文 )       === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku tawyu ryeypyaw   ==== [[Patas bntasan:烏山頭水庫內深處二.jpg|thumb|File:烏山頭水庫內深處二.jpg(臺南中部的烏山頭水庫，由日本技師八田與一設計，作為整個嘉南大圳工程的一部分，對嘉南平原的灌溉有很深遠的影響。)]] Lipax hnyuwan Taiwan pntaw pa mntnna bay bunga, niqan dwiyaq, cyorin, mkrbuq dxral, bbrnux, tayti ka lnlingay niya, nniqan knlbangan lmiqu tunarac u ya bay niqan tndxral 50%. Uuda tudu dwiyaq mi ddxral u mntna hari kana, tudaya u mquri tunarac daya dhuq tiiril hunac, tuhunac u mquri tudaya daya dhuq tuhunac hunac, kndadax tunarac dhuq tuiril pa niqan ddwiyaq mkngahu ucilung, tkcka tudu dwiyaq, Sweysan tudu dwiyaq, Yusan tudu dwiyaq, Kayjwey tudu dwiyaq mi Arisan tudu dwiyaq. Taiwan ka tu4 tubbaraw bay dudux dwiyaq tawyu, tududux bay dwiyaq ka Yusan pa niqan 3,952 meyta, niqan 200 sngari dudux dwiyaq ka hmrinas 3,000 meyta. Tuiril mquri baraw twancng lmiqu tuiril ka so tnblayan na lmiqu cyorin mi tayti, tayti oa to bay so toke sancng risucng mi pnspuwan scuqi snbrahan suhong kuring, niqan Rinko tayti, Toyeyng tayti, Tatu tayti, Pakwa tayti…, cyoring pa to bay tayti ka wada kyapan qsiya yayung kiya ka so kiya da.     === '''Kndkilan kkarac('''氣候生態)    === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Kkarac Taiwan    ==== [[Patas bntasan:Jiankang Road, Taipei City 20010917.jpg|thumb|File:Jiankang Road, Taipei City 20010917.jpg(2001年中度颱風納莉過境後臺北市健康路的沒頂車輛)]] Hucyeyn sng Macu ryeytaw pa wa mniq tnuayus Cecyang sng mi Hucyeyn sng, Huco su na Mincyangko ini sthiyaq, kiya ka Tunarac ucilung spruwan bay cyuntaw uri, mksipaw ucilung ka Cecyang sng Tacntaw mi Icyangsan taw, niqan balay ririh niya keyngkyo kndkilan kkarac mi uucilung. Ryeytaw niyi pa quri so hujetay cihong kkarac cyu, wa mniq balay bay wisu qlhangan Cyokaminkoku tudaya balay, mkmuhul ka misan mi mhhuriq, mncun mskuy hari, kiya mi ini hari quyux mi kndnguwan hari ka srwasaw mi krpuhan, kari bay quyux ka rrbawan, mntna hari kkarac mkngahu ucilung Hucyeyn sng na nniqan Cyokoku Tariku. Kari bay qduda ucilung, niqan in ow sintyeynwong, congtoow…yahan msangay mi pkrana tnwawa. Kcka taw niyi pa alaw ka btasil Hwakangyeyn, kiya ka ini kndungus ka cupey, so kiya sspriq ka pusu na bay. Taiwan pntaw pa wa mniq babaw peyhuy kweysyeyn, kkarac niya pa wa mniq iyax Hayyangsing jetay mi Yajetay ka kkarac; tbkuwan ka knkana bay kkarac pa bbaraw ka rrbawan mi mhhuriq, llbu ka diyax misan mi muxul. Pntkanan kntlxan misan u iyax 15°C dhuq 20°C, rrbawan u hmrinas 28°C. Tudaya pa alaw ka sbhuran tunarac daya mniq idas 1 dhuq idas 3 mtmay diyax qqyuxan, nniqan tukcka mi tuhunac pa ini nanaq huya kiya. Idas 5 ka mtmay iyax qyuxan bngerux, idas 6 dhuq idas 9 pa mtilux mi mhhuriq, qyuxan ka tuhunac u mnou quri tudaya. Beyhing ssbwihur ka mniq idas 7 dhuq idas 10 miyah knrmux Taiwan, madas balay knbeyhing quyux kiya ka dndulan qnrqilan rngecux, idas 11 dhuq idas 12 cida daw iyax kndnguwan kiya. Pndkanan quri qqyuxn Taiwan pa 2,600 rimi, kiya ka mkm3 qqyuxan jeynseykay, kiya ka knou bay quyux tawyu uri, kiya ka knkana mhhuriq bay yuci Asia uri; kcka niyi pa nniqan tuhunac pa niqan 90% ka mniq == Singcng cyuhwa(行政區劃) == === '''Balay bay nniqan qnlhangan('''實際統治區域) === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku singcng cyuhwa mi Taiwan singcng cyuhwa ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ |Tayhoku (臺北市) |- |Sinpey su (新北市) |- |Kirong su (基隆市) |- |Toeyng su (桃園市) |- |Sinciku keyng (新竹縣) |- |Sinciku su (新竹市) |- |Byoricu keyng (苗栗縣) |- |Taycyu su (臺中市) |- |Syoka keyng (彰化縣) |- |Ponghu keyng (澎湖縣) |- |Nanto keyng (南投縣) |- |Yunrin keyng (雲林縣) |- |Kagi keyng (嘉義縣) |- |Kagi su (嘉義市) |- |Taynang su (臺南市) |- |Takaw su (高雄市) |- |Heyto keyng (屏東縣) |- |Girang keyng (宜蘭縣) |- |Kareyngko keyng (花蓮縣) |- |Tayto keyng (臺東縣) |- |Taiwan (臺灣) |- |Kingmong keyng (金門縣)  |- |Ryeyncyang keyng (連江縣) |- |Hucyeyn sng (福建省) |- |Ucyo yu (烏坵嶼) |- |Tongsa cyuntaw (東沙群島) |- |Nansa Taypingtaw mi Congcocyaw (南沙太平島與中洲礁) |} Kngkawas 1955 Tcntaw ini baka qduriq brinah Taiwan daw, balay bay qnlhangan niya Cyokaminkoku pa wana Taiwan pntaw mi Husu tawyu (Kana tndxral pa na Taiwan kana), Ponghu cyuntaw (Kana tndxral pa na Taiwan kana), Kingmong cyuntaw (Kana tndxral pa na Hucyeyn sng Kingmong keyng), Macu ryeytaw (MnHucyeyn sng Cangre keyng, Royeyn keyng, Ryeyncyng keyng, kngkawas 1956 daw sbuway quri Ryeyncyang keyng qmlahang ka kana tndxral), Ucyoyu (NmnHucyeyn sng Hutyeyn kng, kngkawas 1954 daw sbuway Kingmong ka rmirih qmlahang), kiya mi Tongsa cyuntaw mi Nansa cyuntaw na Tayping taw, Congco cyaw (MnnHaynan tepyey singcngcyu, kngkawas 1990 daw, wada sbuway Takaw Cicincyun ka rmirih qmlahang dhuq saya) mi kana tawyu. Miyah thdil Taiwan ka seyhu niyi daw, alaw muda snkila uuda kcka qnlhangan mi nganguc qnlhangan, snpusal muda knpriyux singcng cyuhwa Taiwan, Ponghu, Kingmong, Macu. Hucyeyn sng mi Taiwan sng u mniq kngkawas 1956 mi kngkawas 1998 cida wada clkuhan ka biyax mi qpahun niya sngci seyhu, wada pqriyun congyang seyhu kana ka qpahun sngci seyhu da, wana qpahun slxan ka rngiyan. Kiya mi kngkawas 1967 mi kngkawas 1979 cida, Tayhoku mi Takaw pa kndadax Taiwan sng sngsyasu mkala psdhun cusyasu. Kngkawas 2010 cida, wada psdhun cusyasu seyhu uri ka mntna hicyo ka Tayhoku keyng, Taycyu su, Taynang su, kiya mi wada pryuxan Burah Tayhoku tmhangan ka Tayhoku keyng, kiya mi Tacyu su mi Taycyu keyng, Taynang su mi Taynang keyng u wada pspun ka keyng su mi psdhun mkala cusyasu. Kngkawas 2014 cida, wada psdhun mkala cusyasu ka Toeyng keyng mi pryuxun tmhangan Toeyng su. === '''Hwari cyangyu('''法理疆域) === ==== Qtayi: Cyokaminkoku cyangyu, nkiya Cyokaminkoku kongkaw cyangyu singcng cyuhwa, pnluban Cyokaminkoku mi qnlhangan Mongku mi nniqan Taiwan ==== Cyokaminkoku mniq Tayriku cida ka kana knlbangan tndxral u 11,418,194 pinghwa kongri, kiya ka kana jeynseykay tu2 knbeyhing tndxral qnlhangan, cyangyu tudaya u dhuq Tangnuwuryanghay na Sayeynring, Tunarac dhuq u Heyrongcyang mi Usuricyang pnstrngan yayung, tuhunac u dhuq Nansa cyuntaw na Cngmuansa, Ritiansa hayyu, tuiril pa dhuq Pamiar kawyeyn na Pncuhe. Peyyang seyhu mniq kngkawas 1913 pkla hwayiring, psdhu sng, taw, keyng sanci singcngcyu cutu, so kawas daw phiyu 35 sngci singcngcyu. Kngkawas 1921 cida pa muda psanak “tepyeysu” mi “putongsu” dungan, phiyu Cingtu, Cinku, Songhu, Cingtaw, Haarpin, Hanko 6 ka tepyeysu. Kokomin seyhu u kngkawas 1927 mniq Nancing phiyu da u, plihan ka taw mi phiyu Singcng tucacyu. Kngkawas 1947 panpu tndxral pa kiya knkana 35 snghwen, 12 cusyasu, 1 tepyey singcngcyu mi Sicang tihwang. === '''Psdhu Sotu('''首都定位) === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Sotu Cyokaminkoku ==== [[Patas bntasan:President house tp2.JPG|thumb|File:President house tp2.JPG(中華民國總統府 )]] Kngkawas 1912 idas 3, Cyokaminkoku rinji sanggiing seyngkyo Yeynsukay ka tu2 rinji beyhing soto da u, Cyokaminkoku rinji seyhu pa kndadax Nancingsu mquru tudaya thdil Cingcaw sotu Peycingsu. Babaw da u rinji seyhu dhuq peyyang seyhu, to so dmuwi Peycing ka ngalan sotu Cyokaminkoku. Kngkawas 1928 kokomin seyhu pa wada mnhdu kokomin kemingcyun peyhwa daw thdil mniq Nancinsu ka sotu, kiya mi kngkawas 1931 ka muda pnwaya “Cyokaminkoku syuncng suci yeyhwa” kcka tu5 tyaw ptura bay matas kwotu ka phyuwan Nancingsu, psdhu hniwan sotu ka Nancingsu. Binaw mniq kngkawas 1937 cida Cyokoku knciyuk Tanah Tunux mccbu da u, alaw wada yahan lmiwaq Tanah Tunux mi Kokomin seyhu u mntna knwas cida idas 11 diyax 21 pa, pkla kari kana congyang seyhu ciko pa pkixan kndadax Nancingsu thdil Congcingsu. == Seyji(政治) == === '''Seyhu cyeyko(政府結構)''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku seyji, Cyokaminkoku mi Taiwan Seyngkyo. ==== <gallery widths="140" heights="160" perrow="2" caption="Soto ka Cay ingwen, huku soto ka Ray cingte Cyokaminkoku saya."> File:蔡英文官方元首肖像照 (cropped).png File:副總統賴清德官方肖像.jpg </gallery>Tukingal qnlhangan konghecu Asiaco ka Cyokaminkoku. Kiya mi uxay qnlhangan pnhiyu nanaq mndungus bay dsediq Taiwan ka Cyokaminkoku, Seyhu Cyokaminkoku u spuda “keyngpo Cyokaminkoku” mi sanmincuyi pnhiyu, brah u pdungus qnlhangan ka “minyo, mincu,minsyang ka mincu konghekwo”, bukuy u snrnu quri txtaxa minjoku u msbalay mincu cuyi, kongmin keynri dmuwi mincweyn cuyi, dmayaw ssediq ka minsng cuyi. Wada smlun ka keyngpo daw muda pnwaya ddha socangcu (dmka sotocu), Cyokaminkoku soto ka yeynso qnhlangan mi Cyokaminkoku sancyun tongsway, kiya mi spuda pnhiyu Swenwen ka 5 biyax keyngpo cyako kiya mi psuwan Singcngyeyng, Ripoing, Suhwayeyn, Kawsuyeyn, Cyeyncayeyn rrima ciko. Kngkawas 1994 tumn3 snbarah smmalu ka keyngpo daw, pskingal kari spuda kongmin ka msdurux seyngkyo phiyu soto, mntxan ratuc u 4 kngkawas mi malu mntxan lmutuc mangal dungan. Soto pa niqan biyax mpprngaw Singcngyeyng, Ripoing, Suhwanyeyng, Skeynging mi Cyeyncayeyng suwu, kiya mi psdhu snkaul Singcng ingcyo, pssli neyke. Singcngyeyng pa, dmudul mku qmlahang qpahun qnlhangan, spuda waya pnssliyan pnwaya mi muru biyax qpahun muda, Singcng ingcyo ka pudu dmudul kekwey, soto ka psdhu phiyu, ana ini spuda kokoingkay smruwa. Trahuc daw phiyu pu, ingkay dcikwan muda qmpah qqpahun, kiya mi niqan 7 dhuq 9 ka cngwuing. Ripoing pa, kiya ka knbaraw bay smmalu waya ciko, kingal ingcu na kokoingkay, Ripoing ingcyo pa kndadax nanaq ripoing muda umaw; 113 hiyi ka Ripoing u spuda tan 1 sweyncyu 2 pyawcu seyngkyo muda phiyu, mntxan ratuc u 4 kngkawas. Binaw alaw Singcngyeyng ingcyo ka spuda soto psdhu phiyu, ini spuda Ripoing psruwa, mnhdu pnrngawan Ripoing pa ana ini spuda Singcngyeyng mi soto smruwa uri, kiya ka niqan so ini pntna kari ka Singcng mi Rihwa cikwan daw mncun uka brahan ppsruwa mi psbalay. Suhwayeyng pa, kiya ka Cyokaminkoku knbaraw bay suhwa cikwan, pusu bay u snri minsu, singsu, singcng susong, pcahu komuing. Suhwayeyng ingcyo, huku ingcyo mi 13 hiyi beyhing hwakwan pssli beyhing hwakwan kaygi, beyhing hwakwan mntxan ratuc qpahun pa 8 kngkawas, spuda soto ka pusa hangan, kiya mi spuda Ripoing ka smruwa daw psdhu phiyu, dmudul pskingal kari keyngpo, horicu uxay daw pnwaya, kiya mi dmudul keyngpo hwating snri soto, hukusoto na tanhean, kiya mi wada smliq waya keyngpo ka cngtang mi pplixun. Skeynging, dmudul komuing cuke umaw, pskeyng seyhu kwanyeyn, sndhu umaw, kawhe ka qqpahun. Kiya ka knkana Skeynging ingcyo huku ingcyo pa, kana bay u 7 dhuq 9 hiyi ka Skeynging, mntxan ratuc qpahun u 4 kngkawas, spuda soto ka pusa hangan, kiya mi spuda Ripoing ka muda  smruwa mi psdhu phiyu, kngkawas 2008 cida pa kana bay u niqan 338,305 hiyi komuing ka wada psdhuwan qpahun. Cyeyncaing ka tqlahang qnpah seyhu na cangse tyawca ciko, trahuc knkingal ingkay u malu pquri singcng cikwan muda singcng tyawca, knkana cyeyncaingcyo, hukuingcyo mniq kcka, kana cyeynca ing u pnsliyan 29 hiyi sediq, mntxan diyax snpngan u 6 kngkawas, soto ka muda pusa hangan mi, spuda ripoing ka smruwa mi psdhuwan phiyu. === '''Horicu Pnwaya(法律制度)''' === [[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan Judicial-Yuan-01.jpg|thumb|Seykining mku qmlahang keci hoing ka Suhwaing.]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Keyngpo Cyokaminkoku mi Horicu Cyokaminkoku. ==== “Keyngpo Cyokaminkoku” mi “Keyngpo cngsyo tyawwen” ka pusu bay waya pnwaya Cyokaminkoku, kcka hiya u sndhu pusu biyax qnlhangan pa nkana ssediq qnlhangan kana, qmlahang txtaxa ssediq u niqan qbubur, kari, knkla, thdil nniqan, mssli pnsliyan mi knkingal kluwanan biyax mtrawah pa ini krmxi smliq; ssediq u ini psnaki ka snaw mi qridin (singcingsyang), snhiyan, minjoku, knpruwan hnyuwan, tangpay pa pntnaun qmlahang kana, kiya mi phiyu smalu biyax singcng, biyax smmalu waya (ripoing), biyax suhwa, biyax sskeyng, biyax keyngsa rrima biyax ka dmudul tnpusu seyhu, spuda biyax pnsdkanan pnwaya qmlahang nanaq dhiya ka seyhu tnualang, kiya mi sndhu quri so snrdingan bay ddaun qnlhangan mi tnqlahang biyax qqlahang qqridin, llaqi, ppqita narux, syakay pawsyeyn, ini khbaraw hiyi minjoku, sediq tnpusu. Tu1 qnlhangan muda pnwaya tongsing msturung kana Asiaco ka Cyokaminkoku. Ana so ini pntna ka qqita syakay quri smruwa pnwaya tongsing msturung pa, binaw suhwaing tahwakwan u spuda waya muda psdhu, pkla kari ini qqlhangi ka tongsing meturung daw smliq mtrawah msturung, biyax pnsdkanan, snpung diyax dmurun ripoing ka muda smalu waya qqlahang tongsing msturung. Kngkawas 2019 idas 5 diyax 17 cida, ripoing u muda cmiyuk pnklanan kari suhwaing tahwakwan, wada pdaun ka tongsing u malu spuda hucng cikwan pusa hangan msturung. === '''Qqita quri Seyji(政治立場)''' === [[Patas bntasan:臺灣人認同趨勢分佈(1992年06月~2014年06月).jpg|thumb|Kndadax iyax kngkawas 1922 dhuq kngkawas 2014, ssediq Taiwan pa qmita quri so dhiya nanaq “sediq Taiwan” mi “sediq Cyokoku” na knpriyux pklanan. ]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Taiwan tongtu yiti, Cyokaminkoku cngtang, Taiwan citising, Taiwandukuricu undo, knkingal nniqn knkingal qnlhangan, 92kongsu mi pskingal Cyokoku. ==== Kndadax iyax kngkawas 1922 dhuq kngkawas 2014, ssediq Taiwan pa qmita quri so dhiya nanaq “sediq Taiwan” mi “sediq Cyokoku” na knpriyux pklanan. Kndadax ptrawah tangcin daw, cngtang Cyokaminkoku u kawas kawas kndudul mrana ka knou niya, mniq kngkawas 2015 cida pa knkana na bay cngtang pa niqan 286 knou. dCyokoku kokominto u mquri tongyi niya pa ngalan dha Ttmukarac, mmquri dukuricu niya ka Mincu Cinputang, Taiwan Twancyey Ryeynmong, Sutayriryang, Taiwancicin pa ngalan dha Mkmsama kiya. Ddha dha pa qqita dha quri qnlhangan, pnklanan Cyoka mi pnklanan Taiwan, pnluban quri ddha mksipaw uclung, Hnyuwan seyji Taiwan, mnquri pusu biyax, ini pntna ka qqita dha “Cyokoku”, Ttmukarac pa qnita dha u “nCyokoku” ka Taiwan, kiyami Cyokaminkoku ka muru pnwaya mndungus bay qnhlangan, dmkuh mquri pskingal qmlahang ka Cyokoku, Mmsama pa qnita dha pa “Cyokaminkoku” ka hangan qnlhangan Taiwan kiya ka dmuwi pusu biyax qnlhangan dukuricu, ini sruwa Taiwan ka “nCyokoku”, kiya mi miying bay snrwanan waycyaw uxay daw dukuricu phiyu qnlhangan. Quri so waycyaw cngce pa, ddha niyi u mbiyax bay dmudul tumal pnssliyan kwoci kana, kiya mi qnita dha pa spuda sediq qnlhangan ka muda smruwa pkrana pusu biyax. Kiya u uxay Ttmukarac mi uxy Mkmsama uri ka Cinmintang, Mikwotang, Micongtang pa wada ngalan Mkmudu kiya. === '''Quri so pprngawan hnyuwan(地位爭議)''' === Hnyuwan seyji Cyokaminkoku saya mi ya niqan pprngawan pa, mnqnlhangan ini srwani qmita hbaraw kwoci, pusu bay mongday niya pa pneyyah Cyokajnminkonghekwo na “dungus quri kingal Cyokoku”. Cyokoku Kokominto mi Cyokoku Kyosanto na mccbu Kwo Kong, wada ini baka ka Cyokoku Kokominto, Cyokaminkoku qnduriq seyhu daw kiya ka miyax thdil Taiwan hini, hana prading cida pa spuda “Keyngpo Cyokaminkoku” pusa kari dhiya ka rmirih Cyokoku na murux bay taxa muru pnwaya pnhiya na seyhu, kiya u knttu sndhu pusa kari “tbrinah mcbu Cyokoku Tayriku” dungan mi “Sanmincuyi pskingal qmlahang Cyokoku”; binaw ddha pnusa kari niyi pa peyyah kngkawas 1990 daw wada kndudul ini dayi rmngaw da, qqita quri so niyi ka seyhu pa to bay so snrwanan dndulan ccngtang. == Waycyaw(外交) == === Pusu tyawmu: Waycyaw Cyokaminkoku mi rikisi waycyaw Cyokaminkoku. === [[Patas bntasan:Countries recognizing the Republic of China (Taiwan).svg|thumb|Pnluban quri nganguc Cyokaminkoku:]] === Pnluban Kwoci(國際關係) === [[Patas bntasan:REPUBLIC OF CHINA (TAIWAN) PASSPORT 2020.png|thumb|Kngkawas 2020 nhwasing seyhu Cayingwen ka bburah passport Cyokaminkoku, tukubeycu niya pa snbeyhing spatas “TAIWAN” ka rhiq niya. ]] Hana pnhiyu ka Cyokaminkoku pa, alaw iyux spuda waycyaw srwananuu kiya mi lmutucdmuwi kari pnsdhuwan Cingcaw, babaw na hiti Peyyang seyhu mi Kokomin seyhu ka dmuwi kari pnsdhuwan ini pndungus muda ptrawah pprngaw. Kngkawas 1945 cida, tumal msupu phiyu Ryeynhekwo ka Cyokaminkoku, kiya wada mangal qpahun Qnlhangan Cangjn Riji Ryeynhekwo Anjeyng Rijikay. Qnlhangan tuirl pa ana so wada qduriq miyah Taiwan ka Cyokaminkoku u ida ini pstuq pnluban waycyaw, binaw Cyokajnminkonghekwo u mniq kngkawas 1971 cida wada pdanan “Ryeynhekwo taykay 2758 go cweyyi” wada mangal biyax rmirih “Cyokoku”; iyux meysa “ddha ka biyax rmirih” mi ini srwani, wada malax Ryeynhekwo ka Cyokaminkoku, wada ddulan mipix waycyaw, hbaraw bay qnlhanga ka mniq kknkawas 1970 smruwa Cyokajnminkonghekwo, kiya mi alaw quri “kingal Cyokoku” ida pnwaya kiya mi wada pstuq pnluban wayaw Cyokaminkoku. Alaw wada uka ka biyax mi hnhangan mniq Ryeynhekwo, ini knbaka ka knhbaraw snrwanan wayacyaw, kiya u ida niqan bay pprngawan na ka hnyuwan na seuji mi horicu ka Cyokaminkoku. === '''Pnluban ddha qnlhangan(兩國關係)''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Pnluban ucilung ddha qnlhangan, quri mqriqu Taiwan, pnluban Cyokoku mi Taiwan saya. ==== [[Patas bntasan:2015 Ma–Xi Meeting 07.jpg|thumb|Kngkawas 2015 cida, Maingcyo mi Sicinping pa mniq Sincyapo muda mnwaya bay ptqita dqras ka ddha bukung qnlhangan.]] Cyokaminkoku qnduriq seyhu miyah thdil Taiwan daw wada muda cyeyyeyn, ini ddha mtutuy ka knmalu mi qnnaqah mi tuturu ini sruwa cngce, hmtur ana manu muda pprngaw kari Cyokoku, pnluban Taiwan mi Cyokoku u wada so msqrbuq uka bay bbrahan, ssediq ddha qnlhanga pa wada so dalih mk50 kngkawas ini ppwaluk. Iyax Seyhu Cyangcingkwo ccida, pusa kari quri “Sanmincuyi pskingal qmlahang Cyokoku”. Iyax na cida u wada nuda snpusal Ucilung Taiwan weyci. Kngkawas 1996 cida pa alaw ka muda tumtxan knkana ssediq qnlhangan meytaq sota ka Cyokaminkoku; kiya ka nuda Ucilung Taiwan huytan weyci. Kngkawas 2020 cida pa krinah bay miyax pssicu Taiwan ka skoki kyosanto Cyokoku dungal. == Cyunsu(軍事) == Pusu tyawmu: Butay qnlhangan Cyokaminkoku mi Cyunsu Cyokaminkoku.<gallery widths="140" heights="140" perrow="3"> File:Taiwan F-16 Debate - Flickr - Al Jazeera English (3).jpg|Kingal F-16 Block 20 skoki tlayan; hana kndadax citi Kagi skaya, hiti daw kiya ka muru Ucilung Taiwan kcka seyng muda qnburang qmlahang.   File:ROCAF C-130H 1307 Taxiing at Songshan Air Force Base 20160924.jpg|Mniq Songsan Kongcyun citi ka C-130H risu skoki hhaqun qqiya.    File:IDF F-CK-1A Single Front View.jpg|Pnuda Taiwan Kongcyun hangkong kongyey pkrana congsin u mnuda smnalu ka F-CK-1 Cingkwohawskoki tlayan (Cingcyeynkang citi). </gallery>Cyokaminkoku pa ida so knbeyring mi mkla bay knkla ka cyunsu butay, psnakan Rucyun, Haycyun mi Kongcyun, soto Cyokaminkoku ka mpdudul kana butay. Dhuq kngkawas 1970 ccida, pusu bay qqpahun butay u ulkun dungan ka Cyokoku tayriku wisu qlhangan Kyosangto Cyokajnminkonghekwo, saya daw wada knpriyux qqlahang so uxay yahun mcbu ngalun pskingal qmlahang Cyokajnminkonghekwo. Pusu pnkranan butay pa kndadax Rucyun mi wada pquri Kongcyun mi Haycyun uri, biyax qqlahang u wada sbuway wencu seyhu qmlahang uri da. Kiya mi kwohwangpu Cyokaminkoku pa pusa kari “Sndhu qmlahang, ppchdil psicu” ka quri so uuda tnlayan, keykaku ita nanaq ka muda tqlahang krmxun mi hmkun ka heytay jnmincyeyhwang Cyokoku, kiya mi knrmun beytaq cnyukan cyunsu Amirika. Cyokaminkoku mi Amirika pa mnniq kngkawas 1954 cida mnuda ppatas pnsdhuwan “Cong Mey kongtong hwangyu tyawyey”, wada phiyu heytay Amirika syeyhwang Taiwan sringpu (USTDC), mi phiyu Tnpusu mniq Taiwan heytay Amirika komongtwan (MAAG), ya bay niqan 30,000 hiyi heytay Amirika tnpusu dmayaw qmlahang Taiwan, dhuq kngkawas 1979 pa wada tuhuy Cyokajnminkohekwo cyeyncyaw ka Amirika, kiya mi wada ptalax Cokaminkoku ka Amirika daw, tnpusu mniq Taiwan ka heytay Amirika u wada mlatac Taiwan uri da. Kngkawas 2018 prading dhuq saya pa, wada kndudul mkala ka knmalu pnluban Taiwan mi Amirika, mnsnpusal keykaku cyusu cawcyeyn pusu miyax Asia Taypingyang ka heytay Amirika, so niyi u kiya ka pkmalu pquri cyunsu Taiwan mi kwohwang. == Keyjay(經濟) == [[Patas bntasan:1 taipei sunrise panorama dxr edit pangen 141215 1.jpg|thumb|Mpcriyu cida ka hidaw mniq singyicyu Taihoku, kcka tnpusu mhiyu ka smnluwan sspah knbeyhing pa kiya ka Tayhoku 101.]] === '''Pnklanan niya(發展情況)''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Keyjay Taiwan, rikisi keyjay Taiwan, so snklwiun ka Taiwan. ==== Seyhu qnduriq Cyokaminkoku pa kndadax kngkawas 1949 daw pnusa ou kluwanan keykaku keyjay, kiya mi 1960 ccida u pnkrana cuko tawsyang keyjay. Kngdadax kngkawas 1990 prading, wada kntikuh ka qqlahang seyhu quri keyjay tocu mi mtrawah mawyi, duma ginghang nqnlhangan mi nciyey qnlhangan ka kndudul suyohwa, kiya mi qnlhangan pa wada pusa kari pquri Cyokoku tayriku mi qnlhangan dtunarac hunac Asia ka cyeyci yongjn mi mquri tuhunac cngce. Babaw niya daw slhbun scuqi msdalih pnluban ka uucilung ddha qnlhangan niyi, kiya mi soto brah Apeyn (Cnsweypyeyn) mniq kngkawas 2006 cida u pusa kari “ndwanun bnkuwan qmlahang, niqan ririh ptrawah”, pkmlih scuqi sntmanan quri keyjay Cyokokuh. === Ppanan rulu(交通運輸) === [[Patas bntasan:TRA R189 across Shuangxi Station.jpg|thumb|Taytyey R190 sing kisya Caytyeynci muda eyki Swangsi.]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Ppanan rulu Taiwan. ==== Pusu qmlahang dmudul cyawtong wangrwo na tawey ka Cyawtongpu Cyokaminkoku, kiya mi ttrahuc niya pa pnhiyu Cyawtongpu yunsu keyngkyoso ka muda psbalay mkkiyux ka rrulu. Cyokaminkoku kongru pa spuda pnwaya u psnakan kwotaw, sngtaw, staw, syeyntaw, cyutaw mi syangtaw, niqan spuda ddiyun kkluwanan na seymong kongru. Knbbaraw kcka Taiwan taw na kongru mi hhakaw pa ya bay niqan 47,000 kongri, to bay wa tqapur so tnkranan quri nniqan tuiril. Knbbaraw bay ddha bnkuwan elu beyhing pa to bay lmutuc tudaya dhuq tuhunac Taiwan kana, kingal ka kngkawas 1978 prading muda, knbbaraw u 373 kongri ka Congsan kawsukongru (kwotaw 1 haw), 1997 prading muda, kana bay knbbaraw u 432 kongri ka Formo kawsukongru (kwotaw 3 haw). Niqan uri ka tunarac nniqan tnkranan pa smnlanan Kwaysu tawru lmutuc, Tayhoku su dhuq Girang keyng pa niqan knkana Bnlingan Sweysa ka Cyangweysuy kawsu kongru (kwotaw 5 haw). === Kongyong suyey(公用事業) === [[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan Beimen-Post-Office-01.jpg|thumb|Yobing Tayhoku.]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku kongying suyey. ==== Pktrawah Cyokaminkoku bnkuwan bbuway deyngki, yunsu, psuwan smmalu na qqpahun u pusu bay ka bnuway speyyah Taiwan deyngki kojyo, dhiya nanaq u wisu qmlahang 78 ka hacideynsyo, niqan 27 ka Biyax puniq hacideynsyo, 3 ka Heneng hacideysyo, 11 ka Biyax bwuhur hacideynsyo, 39 ka Biyax qsiya hacideynsyo, 10 ka Rdax deyngki hidaw hacideynsyo, kiya mi 1 ka Cawsi hacideynsyo, kiya u smatang mniq iyax 4 kngkawas muda phiyu smmalu 2 Kntilux dxral hacideynsyo mi Hayyang wenca hacideynsyo, niqan uri ka Taiwan deyngki kojyo pa muda mari ddeyngki nngyeyn quri minying ciyey. Quri so pndungus pnyahan qsiya pa pnsnakan qmlahang nniqan Tayhoku ka Suyeycu pnyahan qsiya Tayhoku, kiya mi muda qmlahang quri nniqan icil ka Kojyo pnyahan qsiya Taiwan, niqan 31 ka koba pnyahan qsiya mi 47 ka Langu psliyan qsiya. Qqpahun quri yobing pa kndadax kngkawas 2003 ka Kojyo Cyoka Yobing muda, kiya mi brah niya u trahuc Cyawtongpu Cyokaminkoku na Yobing Congcyu Cyawtongpu. Kiya u Cyoka Yobing saya u Cyawtongpu Cyokaminkoku ka knkana dmuwi biyax na kojyo qnlhangan, kiya mi mniq knkingal nniqan phiyu 20 ka qmlahang congsincyu, 3 ka muda yocyeyn curi congsin mi 1,322 ka Yobing. Cyokaminkoku u dhuq kngkawas 1996 brah cida han pa wana Cyoka tyeynsin ka muruxbay tyeynsin huwu niqan ka mincyeyn ciyey tumal yeynsin huwu sucang, Cyoka tyeynsin saya knbeyhing bay pnsung dhiya pa, niqan Yeyncwan tyeynsin mi Taiwan Taketa, bukuy daw Taiwan cusing (Weypaw tyeynsin) mi Yatay tyeynsin u skkingal phiyu uri. === Keswey cisu(科學技術) === [[Patas bntasan:Mainboard asus pbh 67-v IMGP9326 wp.jpg|thumb|Spuda kojyo Hwaswo kanpyutar smnalu ka ATX kuyke cucipan kanpyutar.   ]] ==== Pusu tyawmu: Cyokaminkoku keci. ==== Cyokaminkoku mnniq Cyokoku Tayriku ccida, spuda rnduwan minkoku cyunhwa, qnlhangan icil ka tumal mi dndulan mccbu ka knkingal nniqan, kiya ka wada sccuqi thuway ka pkranan keci. Kiya mi kndadax qnduriq thdil miyah Taiwan ka seyhu daw, mntna madas pneyyah Cyokoku Tairiku na sweysu jncay mi keswey cisu, kiya ka ngalan snrdingan pkranan keswey cisu hiti. Kcka niyi u mnuda kawas kawas pkrana, bnkuwan keci Taiwan pa ya bay malu psnakan mquri qqpahun pphpah, quri so rang tlaway ka rmirih keci qqpahun ppwalang, mquri qqpahun pnsltudan smmalu cisu, quri so hwangcu ka rmirih smmalu knpriyux keci, kiya uri mi alaw ita nanaq pa mbiyax bay pkrana pantawti qqpahun kawkeci, quri ddiyun knkana kanpyutar, kwangtyey keci, qqpahun tongsyun pa mniq jeynseykay keyjay u nniqan bay hhangan ka qqpahun kawkeci Taiwan. == Knhbrawan hiyi sediq（人口） == === Pusu tyawmu: Knhbrawan hiyi sediq Taiwan mi kokomin Cyokaminkoku. === ==== '''Nniqan knkingal minjoku(族群分布)''' ==== Pusu tyawmu: sediq Taiwan, minjoku Taiwan, Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan mi bnkuwan Cyokaminkoku nniqan Taiwan syang cn su cyu. Wa mniq qnlhangan Cyokaminkoku ka sediq Taiwan saya pa niqan 23,590,744 hiyi sediq knhbrawan, kcka na hini pa 59.92% ka wa mssli mniq csyasu; jnko mitu knkingal pinghwang kongri u 650 hiyi sediq, kana jeyngseykay pa qnlhangan hmrinas 10 kbkuy hiyi sediq u msnul Mongcyara mi tu2 bnkuwan ka Taiwan. Pusu bay nniqan sediq ka tndxral Taiwan pntaw, kiya mi nniqan tuiril Taiwan tubrnux ka knhbaraw bay; duicil wa mniq Ponghutaw ka 103,410 hiyi sediq, wa mniq Kingmung cyutaw ka 135,816, wa mniq Macu reytaw ka 12,727 hiyi sediq, niqan uri ka knhbrawan knbkiyan hiyi sediq pa uka hangan dha meybu qnhlangan, smruwa sndha hangan qnlhangan ka Cyokaminkoku, niqan meybu qnlhangan niya pa kiya ka kokomin Cyokaminkoku kana. Kiya mi quri so pnspuwan mijoku pa, 95% ka Hanjoku (Hoio, Hakka mi Telu), niqan uri ka Nantaw Yusi Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan pa ya bay 2.5% kiya. Mnpusa kari “tuspac knbeyhing minkoku” ka Mincu Cinpu tang muda psbalay pnluban minjoku mi qnlhangan, hmrinas 90% ka minjoku u alaw ka mnsupu mnuda quri seyji mi kndudul pkranan “sediq Taiwan” ka knklanan, binaw ka ini dhuq 10% ka sediq qnlhangan pa qmita dhiya nanaq u “sediq Cyokoku” mnchaya mi ini pklanan “sediq Taiwan” ka qnita dha. Kiya mi kcka niya pa niqan 84% ka Hanjoku pa llutuc tnhdilan 17 seyki dhuq brah kngkawas 1945 kndadax Cyokoku Tayriku miyah Taiwan, ddhiya niyi wa mniq nniqan Taiwan u wada dha ngalan “sediq pnsng”. “Sediq pnsng” u to bay kndadax Cyokoku Tayriku nniqan tunarac hunac, kiya ka knkana kndadax tmhdilan Hucyeyn sng tuhunac mkngahu ucilung, knkana knhbrawan hiyi sediq u 70% ka llutuc sediq Holo Taiwan, kiya mi kndadax Kwangtong sng ssiyaw thdil, knkana knhbrawan u 13.5% ka llutuc Hakka sediq Taiwan. Duma ka qnita dha pa Hanjoku Plmukan mi Hakka sediq pnsng pa to bay niqan daran Sediq Tnpusu Pingpu joku ka dhiya, binaw niqan ka sweyce u ini hari sruwa so niyi kari. Niqan uri ka 14% hiyi sediq ka kngkawas 1945 hiti kndadax Cyokoku Tayriku knkingal sng, msnul seyhu qnduriq Cyokaminkoku miyah thdil nniqan Taiwan ka “sediq Cyokoku”, kcka niyi u niqan 2% ka pusu bay wa mniq Macu ryeytaw na Hucominsi. Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan u hmrinas 400 kbkuy kngkawas; hmrinas mk10 kbkuy kngkawas mi hmrinas knbkiyan kngkawas brah cida da u tna tnpusu mnniqTaiwan ka Nataw Minjoku, cbiyaw han pa plwanan “ sediq Formosa”; kana knhbrawan hiyi sediq u 571,427 hiyi sediq (kngkawas 2019 idas 12 mnhdu), knkana u 2.42%, beytaq saya pa psnakan seyhu 16 pusu minjoku dungan. Kcka niya pa ma mniq quri nniqan tunarac tuiril bbrnux, kiya ka Sediq/Seejiq/Seediq minjoku, Tayal joku, Truku joku, Bunun joku, Saisyat joku, Cho joku, Raaruwa joku, Kanakanav joku, Pangcah/Amis joku, Paiwan joku, Pinuyumayan joku, Drekay joku, Kavaran joku, Sakizaya joku mi Thau joku; Tau joku pa wa mniq Ranyu taw kiya, niqan uri ka hbaraw bay Pingpu joku pa ini qhdu snhdu phiyu hangan niya na, mray so Siraya joku, Pazeh joku, Kahabu joku, Tawkas joku, Kaytakran joku, Papura joku. Niqan uri ka alaw dndulan pnkranan kwocihwa, niqan knou bay knbkiyan hiyi ka qridin Cyokoku Tayriku miyah sediq Taiwan, mk10 knbkiyan hiyi ka qridin gaykoku miyah sediq Taiwan mi 30 knbkiyan sngari hiyi ka kndadax qnlhangan icil mpqpah rawkong, pspuwan kana ka kndadax qnlhangan icil bsiyaq miyah mniq Taiwan pa ya bay niqan 56.2 knbkiyan hiyi sediq. Kana kcka Taiwan sincumin pa quri so pneyyah Yeynag, Indunisiya, Taykwo , Huyryupin na qnlhangan tunarac hunac Asia ka 43.4 knbkiyan hiyi sediq, niqan uri ka 8.9 knbkiyanhiyi sediq u kndadax nniqan Cyokoku Tayriku, Hong kong mi Awmn. Beytaq kongyeyn kngkawas 2016 cida pa, knkana qnhbrawan hiyi sediq Nataw minjoku/Nataw yucu pa 3 oku 86kbkuy knbkiyan sngari hiyi sediq, kiyami Taiwan ka pusu bay pnrdingan pnyahan mi bubu qnlhangan Nataw minjoku/Nataw yujoku, so kiya, hbaraw bay mstlutuc Nataw minjoku/yu joku pa kngkawan cnduray daw, snpusal bay miyah Taiwan miying pusu wamil dha mi muda ppwaluk bungka. Spuda klelu tnhdilan pa, Nantaw minjoku/yucu u pneyyah tuiril daya bay Taiwan thduil mquri Huyripin, Marian cyutaw, Pwoswoco, Sincineyya, Sumntara, Cwawa, Cyarorin cyutaw, Selomoh cyutaw, Wannase, Skeritwoniya, Huyci, Tongcya, Masawar cyuntaw, Hawaii, Sehuy cyutaw, tunarac bay ka Rapa Nui/Easter Island (Huhwotaw), Kuke cyuntaw, kiya mi tuhunac bay ka Aotearoa/New Zealand na Maori joku mi tuiril bay Madakasikara. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="10" |'''Bnkuwan knbeyhing bay alang mkbrnux Taiwan''' <small>kngkawas 2020 idas 7 hiti bay huku knhbrawan sediq.</small> |- ! !'''Bnkuwan''' !'''Hangan alang mkbrnux''' !Singcngcyu !Knhbrawan hiyi !'''Bkuwan''' !'''Alang mkbrnux''' !Sngcyu !Knhbrawan hi ! |- | rowspan="10" |[[Patas bntasan:New_Taipei_Skyline_2018.jpg|thumb|Sinpey su]][[Patas bntasan:20211126 Taichung Skyline.jpg|thumb|Taycyu su]] |1 |Sinpey su |Sinpey su |4,027,481 |11 |Heyto su |Pingtong |198,359 | rowspan="10" |[[Patas bntasan:Kaohsiung_skyline_2020_May.jpg|thumb|Takaw su]][[Patas bntasan:Taipei_Skyline_2022.06.29.jpg|thumb|Tayhoku su]] |- |2 |Tayc yu su |Taycyu su |2,816,792 |12 |Cupey su |Sincu keyng |198,122 |- |3 |Takaw su |Takaw su |2,770,654 |13 |Yeyrin su |Syokakeyng |125,137 |- |4 |Tayhoku su   |Tayhoku su    |2,620,037 |14 |Toryo su |Yunrinseyn |108,692 |- |5 |Toeyng su   |Toeyng su |2,260,043 |15 |Tayto su |Tayto keyng |104,904 |- |6 | | |1,877,294 |16 |Tohun su |Byoricu keyng |103,993 |- |7 |Sincikusu |Sinciku su |450,113 |17 |Kareyngko su |Kareyngko keyng |102,76 |- |8 |Kirongsu |Kirong su |368,372 |18 |Nanto su   |Nanto keyng |99,210 |- |9 |Kagisu |Kagisu |266,833 |19 |Cawtwen cn   |Nantokeyng |97,474 |- |10 |Syokasu |Syoka keyng |231,876 |20 |Cutong cn   |Sincukeyng |96,036 |} === Kari jiyi(語言文字) === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Bnkuwan kari Telu mi kari tnpusu Taiwan. ==== [[Patas bntasan:Proportion of Taiwanese Language Used in House.svg|thumb|Iyax kngkawas 1945 dhuq kngkawas 2010, nniqan Taiwan llaqi 6 kngkawas mniq sapah dduwi kari niya mi knpriyux, psnakan kari hwayu Cyokaminkoku (rakaw tmkarac), kari Holo Taiwan (rakaw msama), kari Hakka Taiwan (rakaw mbbanah) mi kari Nantaw Taiwan (rakaw mdamay)         ]] Kari Telu ka ddiyun kari seyhu. Cyokaminkoku u pnhiyu kngkawas 1912 mniq Cyokoku Tayriku daw kiya ka muda dmudul kwoyu undo, Cyokaminkoku Cyawyupu ka muda phiyu Cyawyupu kwoyu tweysing weyyeynhuy pskingan psdhu. Cida seyhu u dmudul balay mndungus bay hnang kari sndhu, dmuwi hhnang kari dduwi seyhu Peycing ka Cyokaminkoku mdhu hhnang, kiyami smmalu cuin huhaw ka psdkanan. Kngkkawas 1920 ccida mangal dndulan sinwenswey undo, beytaq kngkawas 1940 mnhdu ka dmudul kari hwayu Cyokoku Tayriku. Kokomin seyhu u kngkawas 1949 qnduriq miyah nniqan Taiwan daw, bsiyaq balay mniq sapah pyasan tmsa kari hwayu ka pusu bay dduwi kari Telu, kiya mi dmudul cngti kari Cyokoku ka bbtasun patas, snrdingan kyoiku u karikwoyu ka knou bay diyax slhayan pyasan, binaw hhiti daw prading smluhay kari Holo, kari Hakka mi smluhay kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan mi kari Huco (kasi ka nniqan Macu kiya) mi kari Telu ka ngalan kari pnsdkanan. Ana so kari Telu (Hwayu) ka pnspuwan bay dmuwi kari, niqan nanaq lhayan dmuwi kari knkingal minjoku txtaxa minjoku Taiwan uri, quri so hbaraw sediq u sediq Holo pa, dmuwi kari Holoka ngalan dha kari tnpusu kiya; Hakka minjoku uri pa dmuwi bay kari Hakka Taiwan pprngaw uri. Ana so dmuwi kari Telu pprngaw ka sediq Cyokoku mnniyah thdil Taiwan ak dhiya, hbaraw ssediq Ryencyang keyng mi Ucyo syang u ngalan dha pusu tnkari ka kari Huco mi kari Husyeyn. Niqan uri ka Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan dduwi dha kari pa kiya ka balay bay mndungus pusu pnyahan kari Nantaw minjoku/Nantaw yusi, binaw wada kndudul mlih ka mkla rmngaw kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan, dmuwi kari Telu ka wada mrana. Niqan 16 minjoku mi 42 kluwanan ka kari nngari saya pa, niqan 5 kluwanan ka kari ya bay mmusa pkngatun da. Binaw dmudul kari Telu u, so dmuwi bay kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan ka txtaxa minkoku mi wada luhay dmuwi kari Tanah Tunux ka Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan mi kana ssediq Taiwan Holo mi Hakka uri pa snburah prading smluhay kari Telu dungan, kiya mi alaw so niyi wada kndudul mowic  ka kari tnpusu txtaxa minjoku Taiwan. Spuda kngkawas 2010 jnko puca cida, hmrinas 6 kngkawas  mniq sapah dmuwi kari Telu u 83.6% mi dmuwi kari Holo u 81.9%, dmuwi kari Hakka u 6.6% mi dmuwi kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan u 1.4% balay kiya, binaw skari Holo, skari Hakka mi skari Sediq Tnpusu  Taiwan pa alaw kngkawas u kndudul mlih uri ka skari kngkawas. Mniq syakay u knpstutuy ka Taiwan kari jiyi undo,  hbaraw keyng su u dmudul smluhay kari tnousu, malix hmtur stusa kari ka seyhu daw, Kwoyu tweysing ingkay uri u psbalay quri dduwi  kari tnpusu kari mi dduwi jiyi, kiya mi prading muda smluhay  kari Holo mi kari Hakka mi kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan. Mray so alaw qqlahang  dmuwi kari Huco, kiya ka knkana llaqi muyas sapah oyasan tiping  Macu ryeytaw pa muda nanaq smluhay kari  tnpusu dha nanaq.        == '''Snlhayan snhiyan('''宗教信仰) == === Pusu tyawmu: Snhiyan Taiwan mi snhiyan nniqan Taiwan. === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan Mengjia-Longshan-Temple-00.jpg|thumb|Wa mniq Tayhoku su ka Bangka Rongsansu. ]] |} “Keyngpo Cyokaminkoku” u qqlahang ssediq malu niqan mtrawah snhiyan mi muda biyax waya pnsdhuwan, kiya  mi psdkanan qmita kana ka knkingal snhiyan. Spuda dndulan sediq tnhdilan Taiwan, wada mdhu mi bsiyaq pklanan ka sediq tnhdilan Holo joku pnsltudan snhiyan dha Bukyo mi Dokyo, kiya mi mniq tuiril qnlhangan qqtan bay Kiristo burah kyo,  Teysukyo mi Isrankyo  ka snhiyan u niqan hbaraw bay sinjya uri, spuda kngkawas 2005 ka jnko puca pa, niqan 18,718,600v hiyi sediq ka niqan snlhayan snhiyan (81.3%), niqan uri ka 14% dhuq 18% hiyi sediq pa uka snhlayan snhiyan dha. Kiya mi ndanan bnkuwan klwanan  tyawca seyhu ka 26 snlhayan snhiyan pa, mnkuwan  bbrah 5 ka Bukyo (8,086,000 hiyi sediq, 35.1%）, Dokyo (7,600,000 hiyi sediq,  33%） Ikwando（810,000 hiyi  sediq, 3.5%）, Kiristo burah kyo（605,000 hiyi sediq, 2.6% ) mi Teyngskyo（298,000 hiyi  sediq, 1.3%）. Amirika congyang cingpawcyu  na “Scey kaykwang” pa tmiyu hmrinas 93% hiyi sediq ka wada msupu Cyokoku  snhlayan, Tasng Bukyo, Jukyo, thmuku utux rudanmi Dokyo na knou Utux snlhayan niya, niqan 4.5% hiyi sediq hiyi sediq ka smluhay Kiristo burah kyo mi Teynsukyo na kuriscyang, niqan uri ka ini khrinas 2.5% ka sinjya Isrankyo snhiyan. === '''Huri cyocu''' === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:ROC-MOHW Building 20160723c.jpg|thumb|Seykining qmlahang kokong weysng, pqita narux huwu mi syakay huri ka Cyokaminkoku weysng huripu.     ]] |} Taiwan kokong weysng, pqita narux huwu mi syakay huri pa peyyah kngkawas 2013 idas 7 daw wada mkala Cyokaminkoku Weysnghuripu ka seykining, kiya mi kngkawas 1995 cida ka muda Cweynmin cyeynkang pawsyeyn pa spuda Weysnghuripu congyang cyeyngkang pawsyeynsu qnlahang. Cweynmin cyeynkang pawsyeyn ka kingal kluwanan syakay pawsyeyn, spuda dmudul kongmin pqita narux pawsyeyn cihwa, dmayaw knou bay pqita narux huwu mi tqlahang mnarux na qqpahun. 99.5% kongminsaya pa wada tumal cweymin cyenkang pawseyn, Cweymin cyeynkang pawsyeyn u wada dmaya quri sediq ttikuh nngalan hbangan, ntaygo heytay, ini khrinas 3 kngkawas ka llaqi, uka qqpahun sediq, mqraqil sediq, rrudan sediq, uxay daw qqrinuc sediq u ddyawan kana ka hbangan pqita mnarux. Cweynmin cyeynkang pawsyeyn pa kiya ka nngalan qnhlangan knkana 5.44%, kiya u quri so txtaxa kluwanan ssediq pa niqan ka dnlulan dha smpu bbuway hbangan cyeynpaw, quri so bbuway hbangan pa txtaxa hiyi sediq u malu umaw tnpusu qqpahun uxay uri u ita nanaq ka muway bbiqun hbangan. === '''Weysng pqita narux''' === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan National-Taiwan-University-Hospital-03.jpg|thumb|Kwori Taiwan sapah pyasan knbeyhing yisweyyeyn huse byoing. ]] |} Mniq syakay Taiwan saya pa, pdkanan t1 knbkiyan hiyi sediq daw qmniqan 20.2 hiyi ising, 5.31 hiyi ka ising rupun mi 69.01 ka tqiyan mnarux so niyi ka pnqita narux huwu. Dhuq kngkawas 2012 cida, niqan 502 ka byoing mi 20,935 ka sapah sanan pqita narux Taiwan, kcka hini u kiya ka knkana 82 ka byoing qnlhangan mi 447 ka sapah sanan pqita narux. Kiya mi kngkawas 2009 cida muda mhmuc umaw 3.360 hiyi mnarux sediq muda ppkla ya malu ka ndanan qmpah pqitanarux byoing daw, niqan 75.1% hiyi sediq ka “mqaras balay” qmnpah byoing, niqan 20% hiyi sediq ka “malu” qmnpah byoing mnca haya, wana 4.4% hiyi sediq mnarux ka quri so qmnpah byoing uxay uri u qnlhangan dha pa “ini qqaras” mi “ini bay qqaras”. Kngkawas 2000 cida, pnsdkanan dduwi hbangan knkana weysng ka sediq Taiwan pa ya bay 752 pila Amirika; kngkawas 2001 cida, dduwi hbangan weysng pa kiya ka nngalan qnlhangan knkana u 5.8%, kcka niyi u 64.% dduwi hbangan u wada spuda hbangan seyhu ka muway. Tqlahang mnarux congsin knkana qnlhangan Taiwan ka Cyokaminkoku Weysn huripu cipin kwancsu, pusu bay seykining tqlahang narux, tyawca narux, umarang yicing mi tqlahang narux ka qqpahun dha, kiya mi snpusal pquri ceyhe, tngkeje, cangpingtu, mchdil bay cising husitaw cnghocyun (SARS), cyasing ryokan pingtu H7N9 yasing mi yicing pawhwa muda kndahang. Niqan uri ka pquri pnhiyu iyu spin anheyng ka Weysng huripu uuqun iyu kwanrisu, seykining tqlahang iyu, yimyaw, qqiya ddiyun mnarux, uuqun, hucu uuqun mi pcpingan krimu na pincu anjeyng mi bbrihan niya.     === '''Kyoiku tisi''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Kyoiku Taiwan mi rikisi kyoiku Taiwan.    ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan University-of-Taipei-05.jpg|thumb|apah pyasan tubeyhing pnhiyu Tayhoku su. ]] |} Pnwaya kyoiku Cyokaminkoku prmaxan Cyokoku mi Amirika kyoiku tisi tukubeycu niyapnhiyu, kiya mi mniq kngkawas 1945 cida spuda pusu bay biyax qmnlahang Taiwan ka Amirika pa dmurun Cyokaminkoku ka qmlahang Taiwan, kiya ka prading mniq Taiwan muda, spuda Cyokaminkoku Cyawyupu ka seykining.So hiti daw muda pnwaya “Waya kokomin kyoiku” kiya u malu mngari kngkawas kokomin yiwu kyoiku ka qnlhangan sediq, so bukuy dungan u wada pkranan mngari kngkawas msltudan slhayan, mniq kngkawas 2012 cida u niqan 99.15% ka laqi muya lmutuc muyas pyasan tubaraw mi pyasan cisusing tubaraw. Kyoiku sitong saya pa 6 kngkawas ka pyasan tutiping kyoiku, 3 kngkawas ka pyasan tukcka kyoiku, 3 kngkawas ka pyasan tubaraw kyoiku mu 4 kngkawas pyasan tubeyhing kyoiku. Saya pa knkana u 158 pyas tubeyhing kyoiku, kiya mi psnakan putong kyoiku (pyasan tubeyhing, dukuricu sweyyeyn) mi cicu cyawyu (koci pyasan tubeyhing, cisu sweying) ddha beyhing tisi, niqan bay hnhangan na pyasan beyhing u niqan pnhiyu qnlhangan Taiwan pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Taiwan keci pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cyawtong pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cngkong pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Congyang pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cinghwa pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cngkong pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Congsan pyasan tubeyhing, pnhiyu qnlhangan Cngcu pyasan tubeyhing.   Cyokaminkoku Cyawyupu u mniq kngkawas 2007 pusa kari mprading dmudul Mk12 kngkawas kokomin snrdingan kyoiku, binaw alaw uuda yosang mi ini sruwa ka rrudan laqi mi wada thtur, kiya mi so mniq cngce peytaw u niqan so pnsblayan ka qnita. === '''Cwanpwo meyti''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: So lnlamu tunanaq ka Cyokaminkoku meyti mi Taiwan meyti    ==== Kngkawas 1999 cida, quri so singbung mtrawah pa wada lixan ka quri hhtran, kiya ka wada kasi so qnpuran miyah ka lnlamu kluwanan cwanpwo meyti, binaw knou ka pprngawan mquri lnlamu tunanaq meyti uri. Kngkawas 2008 cida u niqan 1,300 sngari singbung ciko, to bay so tutipiq sying ciyey. Kcka knbeyhing bayqnlhangan tongsyunse ka Congyang tongsyunse pnhiyu kngkawas 1924, duma cnhdilan bay singbung ciko pa niqan so cingci mi cinjong pusu niya ka Cyokoku cingci tongsyunse.       == Bungka(文化) == ==== Pusu tyawmu: Bungka Cyokaminkoku mniq Cyokoku Tayriku ccida, bungka Taiwan, rikisi bungkaTaiwan mi bnkuwan ddiyax smsung Cyokaminkoku.    ==== === '''Bungka mmahun mi uuqun''' === {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taichung 2013 nightmarket 2 amk.jpg|thumb|Taycyu su kingal bbriwan sanan rmiwaw kman kan wisu mbari ruwey.     ]] |} ==== Pusu tyawmu: Mmahun mi uuqun Taiwan, damac Taiwan, uuqun Taiwan, bungka ociya Taiwan mi sanan rmiwaw kman Taiwan.  ==== Bungka mmhun mi uuqun Taiwan pa pusu bay ka damac Taiwan, mmalan hongke knkingal bungka mmahan mi uuqun, pusu bay u niqan damac Holo Taiwan, damac Hakka Taiwan kiya mi quri so ddamac waysng (syangcay, rucay, weycay). Alaw hbaraw bay llutuc sediq Taiwan pa kndadax Cyokoku Tayriku Hanjoku kana, so kiya ddamac u pneyyah damac Cyokoku, kiya mi wada malan hongke knkingal nniqan Cyokoku. Alaw  qpuran ucilung ka Taiwan, heycaw yangryo ka muda mi knskuy hngak misan ka mquri tuhunac, kiya ka wada mdungus bay ka kana lnlingay haycan cuyeyn, sediq Taiwan pa mkan bay quri qqcurux, peyrey, cyakerey mi mundus kcka ucilung. Alaw tmabu nanaq ou kluwan uuqun tnbuwan ka Taiwan, quri so hiyi rodux, siyang babuy, hiyi dapa mi hiyi miric pa niqan briyan mi kmkan u niqan uqun uri. Ana so uxay knbeyhing bay ka dxral qqpahun phuma pnwalang, binaw mndungus bay ka kluwanan pnhuma pnwalang, sediq Taiwan pa buwax payay ka pusu bay uuqun (cbiyaw bay han pa macu, bunga mi sari ka pusu bay uuqun).   [[Snakun:Toda]] Niqan ka mniq kcka elu pa niqan bay hhangan ka bungka“syawcu”, mnhdu phapuy ka uuqun pa psnakun pusa sara tiping. Knkingal cyawtanhwan pa mssli mukingal sanan rmiwaw kman da, qrasun bay mi niqan bay hhangan ka sanan rmiwaw kman pa niqan Ryohe yeysu, Surin yeysu, Rwotong yeysu, Hwayeyn yeysu, Hongcya yeysu, Hori kwankwang yeysu, Hwaryey Tongtamn yeysu. Kiya mi wada mchdil bay bungka rmirih kndusan. Uuqun bay ka syawcu pa Owaceyn, Syangcipay, Cotohu, Syeynsuci, Sngcyeyn Manto, Misyeykaw, Owamiswa, Rujohwan, Bacang, Bawan, Tancaymyeyn, Gubami, Syawrongpaw, Teynpura, Pitan Tohu, Yonghe Tocyang. === '''Yiwen Hwotong''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Taiwan yisu, Taiwan wenswey mi Taiwan inggaku. ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taiwanese opera2.JPG|thumb|Kocaysi ka mnkuxul bay sediq Taiwan pnsltudan sicyu uri, kiya ka rmirih pnsltudan pyawyeyn yisu uri. ]] |} Wada dndulan kngkawas 1919 burah bungka undo, pkranan kklanan tuiril bungka mi konghecu ka qqnita. Ndanan Taiwan pa pnuda lntudan umarang kari mi bntasan ppatas, quri so jucya mi bungka Holo ka pusu, binaw niqan ka ini pntna qqita dha pusu pnyahan mi kiya ka wada ppkhruy; alaw ka Taiwan u ndanan ou ini pntna qnlhangan mi minjoku qmlahang, kiya a syakay saya daw wada kndudul pkranan so Taiwan ka kklanan mi knou bay kluwanan bungka, binaw uuda Taiwan uri ka pprngawan bay mniq kcka qnlhangan uri. Kcka niyi pa quri so msupu pnsltudan mi bungka jitay saya mi, wada mrimax Hanjoku Jucya bungka mi bungka Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan ini pntna bungka; say aka muda pkngalan pnsltudan bungka ka knkana Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan (Taiwan geynjuminjoku) waya mi bungka; kiya ka Hanjoku na ssaqic patas, patas trasi abura, patas tngrong, snqriyan qhuni mi cusyo ciyi ka pusu mincyeyn yisu, kiya ka knkana alaw haytaw bungka mi kndudul wada so smsung Cwencyey, smsung Yeynsyaw, Cingmingcey, smsung Ilisin pangcah, smsung Kurusmasu mpduwi bawa Yesu Kiristo.       === '''Ingsu Yure'''    === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Eyga Taiwan mi ppsasing Taiwan.      ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival in Ximending 20171111.jpg|thumb|Cinmacyang ka knkana jeyngseykay tu1 snadu eyga kari Telu, kiya mi Cincyucyang kari Sediq Tnpusu Taiwan mi kari Holo mi kari Hakka mi kari Telu, kiya mi Cincongcyang snadu Taiwan cwanpwo meyti; pspuwan “Turu King” sunca haya.    ]] |} ====   ==== Taiwan saya pa ingsu yure huwu yangmaw u wada knpriyux balay, wada dmuwi uka seyng wangru, niqan seyng waru, wangci wangru meyti mi suwey keci ka snrdingan pkranan dhuq bungka Tacong cwanpwo. Quri so qqtan treybi Taiwan pa wada sqrasun bay qmita knkingal klealang mi qblhangan icil, wada qtaun mniq qnlhangan Sincyapo, Maraysiya mi duma qnlhangan Asia co. Ou bay kojyo treybi u wada muda smmalu qqtaun ryeynsyucyu treybi, alaw ka kasi ka muda muru skxlun sediq Taiwan mi wada prmuxun psnakan ka kluwannan Taiwan treybucyu, mray so “Ecwocyu cuwen”, “Hwayang sawneyn sawnyu”, “Mingcong cutting kuxun misu”, “Wada smkuxun cyawkeri”, “Picu ingsyong” so kuxul dha mi mndungus wada spqita qnlhangan icil Asia co. Niqan uri ka alaw syakay saya pa kari bay kluwanan ka bungka, mtrawah mi mndungus bay biyax smnalu, kiya mi pndungus knmalu bay nniqan pkranan mpqpah eyga mi treybi. === '''Mpriwaw kwankwang''' === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Kwankwang Taiwan ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Taipei Taiwan National-Palace-Museum-02.jpg|thumb|Wa mniq Tayhoku ka pnhiyu qnlhangan Kukong pwowuyeyn. ]] |} Mquri Taiwan rmiwaw kwankwang ka knhbrawan sediq mpriwaw pa kawas kawas kndudul mrana, spuda snpuwan Cyawtongou kwankwangcyu pa, mniq kngkawas 2015 cida u niqan 10,439,785 hiyi sediq mpriwaw ka mniyah Taiwan, mrabang 5.34% kngkawas 2014 mntna diyax cida; kwankwang mpriwaw sediq pa to bay kndadax Asia co ka hbaraw, bnkuwan ka qnlhangan u Cyokoku, Tanah Tunux mi nniqan Hongkong Awmn, kndadax Asia co icil niya ka sediq mpriwaw u pusu bay niya u kndadax Amirika mi Awco. Kiya mi kngkawas 2014 cida, Taiwan mniq Wanstaka jeynseykay ryoko alang mkbrnux pnkla kari kcka hiya u bnkuwan tu15. Kcka hicyo na bay ssanan rmiwaw u kiya ka knkana konhyeyn qnlhangan, hongcing tetingcyu qnlhangan mi kwankwang yocicyu, niqan uri ka Taiwan syosyeyn nongcang mi ssanan mlanguy qhdil pa kuxul bay hbaraw sediq mpriwaw uri. Seyhu saya pa wisu prading muda pkranan mpriwaw pqita narux uri, kiya mi keykaku mpsmalu alang bbyoing muda mpqpah sediq mpriwaw pqita narux. Taiwan pa wa mniq alang mkbrnux pusu bay qqtanan pa niqan Tayhoku 101, mniq kngkawas 2004 dhuq kngkawas 2010 iyax na niyi pa knbbaraw bay knbeyhing sapah knkana jeynseykay, kiya ka knkana Mtrawah kwangcang, Cawutaw, kkluwanan kineyng kongyeyn mi knkingal sanan rmiwaw kman. Kiya mi Taiwan saya pa niqan tqapur bay 24 diyax sanan mari qqiya, niqan bbriwan uuqun mi ppwaluk mnsupu cinjong ciko mi seyhu uri, so kiya mi malu muway pila tnrdu rulu, pila qsiya, pila baking mnriq rulu, bbuway pila singyongka mi malu ppadas padas dnurun mi ppadas qqiya uri.          === '''Pnsung Tiyu'''  === ==== Pusu tyawmu: Taiwan tiyu ==== {| class="wikitable" |[[Patas bntasan:Flag of Chinese Taipei for Olympic games.svg|thumb|Pquri nganguc pnsung tiyu ka Taiwan pa pusu bay u dmuwi splawa ricah.    ]] |} Pusu bau undo Taiwan pa niqan pangcyo, rancyo mi reycyo, knkingal nniqan u phiyu cingci undokwan, kokomin undu congsin, undo kongyeyn, ou kluwanan sanan undo, langu tmapaq, pangcyo cang, kawarhu cyocang, elu ddeynsya. Wada ngalan undo sediq qnlhangan ka pangcyo u kuxul bay knkana sediq, Cyokaminkoku Pangcyo syeyhuy pa kngkawas 1989 cida ppsli phiyu Cyoka Cyeypangcyo Tareynmong, kiya mi kngkawas 2003 wada msupu Taiwan Cpang Tareynmong. Taiwan Cpang Tareynmong saya pa niqan 4 dha ka mpnsung boru niya. Pndkanan muda qmita pnsung boru pa niqan 6,079 mhiyi sediq. Taiwan pa mnuda pnsung boru kngkawas 2001 mi kngkawas 2007 Asiaco pangcyo cinpyawsay, kngkawas 2007 Sucyeypey pangcyosay mi kngkawas 2013 Sucey pangcyo cingteynsay, kiya mi kngkawas 1982 mi kngkawas 1992 Orinpike undokay pa wada mbiyax mangal Dongpay mi Ginpay, niqan uri ka so Wangceynmin, Cnweyin, Cawcinhuy, Kwohongcu, Nihute, Hucinrong ka mbiyax bay mpsboru niya ka txtaxa niyi pa wada tumal cnbu boru Amirika cpang Tareynmong.                  == Pnyahan pnatas(參考資料) == * [http://www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html 外交部] * [[:en:List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government|List of current heads of state and government]] *Tnhjil kari seejiq Watan Diro(瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug. *https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/中華民國<nowiki/>(參考自中文維基百科) klepmyt2s62cgoazo61ovw14em5zrsg