Wikipedia tswiki https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlukankulu MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4435 39523 38918 2025-06-27T02:53:03Z InternetArchiveBot 7881 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 39523 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ruwenpflanzen.jpg|thumb|Swimilana swa tintshava ta Rwenzori, [[Uganda]]]] [[File:Climbing beans growing in the North Kivu (4).jpg|thumb|Varimi]] '''Vutomi''' ixihlawurisi exikarhi ka swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka na leswi feke. kuna mihlovo yo hambana-hambana ya vutomi, yin'wana yakona i [[swimilana]], swiharhi na tibhaktheriya. Ntivo-vutomi (Biology) i[[sayensi]] ya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka.<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="176"></span> Kutafikela na namunthla, van'wa sayensi na van'wa tifilosofi va swikuma switika ku nyikela nhlamuselo ya riviti "vutomi".<ref>{{Template:Cite web|title=What is life?|url=https://www2.bc.edu/~strother/GE_146/lectures/7.html}}</ref> Swivumbiwa swikota kudya no gayela swakudya, swikota ku twa, swikota ku tswala, naswona swikota ku hluvuka swithlela swikota ko tolovela mbangu lowu switshamaka eka wona kuya hi kulandzelelana ka switukulwana. Kuna mixaka-xaka ya swivumbiwa laha emisaveni, naswona hinkwaswo swi yelana hi kuva na nkuma wa khaboni na mati ya miri. Van'wa sayensi va ehleketa leswaku vutomi byingava byi sungurile kusuka eka swivumbiwa leswinga hanyiki. Vutomi byo sungula bya laha misaveni byi ngava byi sungule kwalomu ka 3.5 biliyoni wa malembe, loko misava yisungule ku vumba maribye kumbe sava leri omeke. Mihleketo yin'wana iya leswaku vutomi byingava byi sungule hikwalaho ka hlangana ka swiaki swavutomi kwalomu ka 4.1-4.4 biliyoni wa malembe lamahundzeke.<ref name="AB-20021014">{{Template:Cite web|last=Tenenbaum|first=David|title=When Did Life on Earth Begin? Ask a Rock|url=http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/293/when-did-life-on-earth-begin-ask-a-rock|date=14 October 2002|work=Astrobiology Magazine|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="AP-20151019">{{Template:Cite news|last=Borenstein|first=Seth|title=Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth|url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html|date=19 October 2015|work=[[Excite]]|location=Yonkers, NY|publisher=[[Mindspark Interactive Network]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|accessdate=2015-10-20}}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20151014-pdf">{{Template:Cite journal|last1=Bell|first1=Elizabeth A.|last2=Boehnike|first2=Patrick|last3=Harrison|first3=T. Mark|last4=Mao|first4=Wendy L.|display-authors=3|date=19 October 2015|title=Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/10/14/1517557112.full.pdf|format=PDF|journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|doi=10.1073/pnas.1517557112|issn=1091-6490|accessdate=2015-10-20|pmid=26483481|pmc=4664351|volume=112|pages=14518–21}}</ref><ref name="NS-20080702">{{Template:Cite web|last=Courtland|first=Rachel|title=Did newborn Earth harbour life?|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14245-did-newborn-earth-harbour-life.html|date=2 July 2008|work=[[New Scientist]]|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="RN-20090520">{{Template:Cite web|last=Steenhuysen|first=Julie|title=Study turns back clock on origins of life on Earth|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/20/us-asteroids-idUSTRE54J5PX20090520|date=20 May 2009|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref>  Ndlela leyi vutomi byingavaka byi tumbulixiwe hayona ayitiveki, hambi leswi kunga tala mavonele hi mhaka leyi. Kusukela loko vutomi byi tumbulukile, vutomi byi cinca-cincile kuya  hi mihlovo yo hambana-hambana. Hmabi leswi vutomi byi kumekaka himixaka yotala, kuringanyetiwa leswaka 99 wa tiphesenti ta swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka eka 5 biliyoni,<ref name="Book-Biology">{{Template:Cite book|editor1=Kunin, W.E.|editor2=Gaston, Kevin|title=The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LHnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|date=31 December 1996|isbn=978-0-412-63380-5|accessdate=26 May 2015}}</ref> wa swivumbiwa leswi tshameke swi hanya laha misaveni, aswahari kona.<ref name="StearnsStearns2000">{{Template:Cite book|last=Stearns|first=Beverly Peterson|last2=Stearns|first2=S. C.|last3=Stearns|first3=Stephen C.|title=Watching, from the Edge of Extinction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0BHeC-tXIB4C&pg=PA1921|year=2000|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-08469-6|page=1921|accessdate=27 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20141108-MJN">{{Template:Cite news|last=Novacek|first=Michael J.|title=Prehistory's Brilliant Future|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/opinion/sunday/prehistorys-brilliant-future.html|date=8 November 2014|work=[[New York Times]]|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> kuringanyetiwa leswaku kana kwalomu ka 10 kuya 14 wa timiliyoni taswivumbiwa leswi hanyaka.<ref name="MillerSpoolman2012">{{Template:Cite book|author1=G. Miller|author2=Scott Spoolman|title=Environmental Science&nbsp;— Biodiversity Is a Crucial Part of the Earth's Natural Capital|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYEJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62|date=2012|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1-133-70787-4|page=62|accessdate=27 December 2014}}</ref> Hambileswi vutomi byi vonakaka laha misaveni ntsena, vanhu votala va ehleketa leswaku kuna mihlovo ya swivumbiwa leswi hanyaka ehandle ka misa.<ref name="RaceRandolph2002">{{Template:Cite journal|last1=Race|first1=Margaret S.|last2=Randolph|first2=Richard O.|title=The need for operating guidelines and a decision making framework applicable to the discovery of non-intelligent extraterrestrial life|journal=Advances in Space Research|volume=30|issue=6|date=2002|pages=1583–1591|issn=0273-1177|doi=10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00478-7|quote=There is growing scientific confidence that the discovery of extraterrestrial life in some form is nearly inevitable|bibcode=2002AdSpR..30.1583R}}</ref><ref>{{Template:Cite news|first=Matt|last=Cantor|authorlink=|title=Alien Life 'Inevitable': Astronomer|date=15 February 2009|url=http://www.newser.com/story/50874/alien-life-inevitable-astronomer.html|work=newser|accessdate=3 May 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newser.com%2Fstory%2F50874%2Falien-life-inevitable-astronomer.html&date=2013-05-03|archivedate=3 May 2013|quote=Scientists now believe there could be as many habitable planets in the cosmos as there are stars, and that makes life's existence elsewhere "inevitable" over billions of years, says one.}}</ref><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="247"></span> == Hlaya leswi engetelekeke == * Kauffman, Stuart. [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman03/kauffman_index.html The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman] * ''[http://www.astro-ecology.com/PDFSeedingtheUniverse2005Book.pdf Seeding the Universe With Life]'' Legacy Books, Washington D. C., 2000, [[:en:Special:BookSources/047600330X|ISBN 0-476-00330-X]] * Walker, Martin G. [http://rationalphilosophy.net/index.php/the-book ''LIFE! Why We Exist&nbsp;... And What We Must Do to Survive''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724030023/http://rationalphilosophy.net/index.php/the-book |date=2011-07-24 }} Dog Ear Publishing, 2006, [[:en:Special:BookSources/1598582437|ISBN 1-59858-243-7]] == Mikobiso yale handle == * [[species:Main Page|Wikispecies]]&nbsp;– a free directory of life * [http://astro-ecology.com/ Resources for life in the Solar System and in galaxy, and the potential scope of life in the cosmological future] * [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman03/kauffman_index.html "The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman"] * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/life/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] * [http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=The_Kingdoms_of_Life The Kingdoms of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191135/http://logic-law.com/index.php?title=The_Kingdoms_of_Life |date=2013-10-29 }} == Mintshaho == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Category: Ntivo-Vutomi]] [[Category:Vutomi]] 6ki4fr1zqkdpxpn672mzjbn3i1miunn