Wikipedia tumwiki https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jani_likulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4342 116396 115248 2026-06-14T11:31:39Z NVNkz 11711 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/773960|4 (alƙalami)]]" 116396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''4''' ('''zinayi''') ni bolopointi, pakati pa [[3 (nambala)|3]] na [[5 (nambala)|5]]. [[Category:Nambala]] gthqb1afhi0rf08gh6f4wceg52mog8n 0 4359 116389 115214 2026-06-14T11:03:09Z NVNkz 11711 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/467520|30 (alƙalami)]]" 116389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''30''' ('''makumi ghatatu''') ni bolopointi, pakati pa 29 a 31. [[File:30SymOcher.png|thumb|nambala 30]] [[File:Property_number_30.jpg|thumb|nambala 30]] [[Category:Nambala]] 47gin9v2b5jdaf4vz3h0p8nwqbrx5tr 116390 116389 2026-06-14T11:03:49Z NVNkz 11711 116390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''30''' ('''makumi ghatatu''') ni bolopointi, pakati pa 29 na 31. [[File:30SymOcher.png|thumb|nambala 30]] [[File:Property_number_30.jpg|thumb|nambala 30]] [[Category:Nambala]] dtlab5cgh2f65kz5ee5cruc2xz5mfly 0 4360 116391 115212 2026-06-14T11:07:00Z NVNkz 11711 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/856856|40 (alƙalami)]]" 116391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Wakufufuza == [[Category:Nambala]] i5r34she1n5vxf0udda7wdqkjmbloml 116392 116391 2026-06-14T11:13:37Z NVNkz 11711 116392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''40''' ('''makhumi na vinayi''') ni bolopointi, pakati pa 39 na 41. == Wakufufuza == [[Category:Nambala]] l3pexpv0r2walzjyijtfq0e0turg1os 0 4361 116393 115210 2026-06-14T11:15:10Z NVNkz 11711 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/467244|50 (alƙalami)]]" 116393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Número_50.png|link=Fayil:Número_50.png|Lamba 50]]'''50''' ni bolopointi, pakati pa 49 na 51. [[Category:Nambala]] p1ykpg9kc0xp4q4ey2q8tzral0ay6a8 0 47608 116386 2026-06-13T18:29:35Z NVNkz 11711 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/466323|80 (alƙalami)]]" 116386 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Radlická_80,_tabulka.jpg|thumb|80]] {{databox}}'''80''' ('''makumi asanu ndi atatu''') ni nambala, pakati pa 79 na 81. == Wakufufuza == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Nambala]] brlxetdqb5i65ja0z04fda98w1lutva 0 47609 116387 2026-06-14T08:16:06Z Anthonymunthali44 5642 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355659919|COBIT]]" 116387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''COBIT''' ('''Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies''') ni Framework iyo yikapangika na ISACA yakulongozgera uthenga wa tekinoloje (IT) na kulaŵilira IT . 03xux8tusxbcjgzy2055oxo37otsfwb 116388 116387 2026-06-14T08:50:37Z Anthonymunthali44 5642 116388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Framework created by ISACA for information technology (IT) management and IT governance}} {{multiple issues| {{primary sources|date=April 2017}} {{More citations needed|date=September 2024}} {{Unreliable sources|date=September 2024}} }} {{Information technology management}} '''COBIT''' ('''Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies''') ni framework iyo yakupangika na [[ISACA]] ya [[Information technology management|information technology (IT) management]] na [[Corporate governance of information technology|IT governance]].<ref name="HaesCOBIT15">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNgRBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102 |chapter=Chapter 5: COBIT as a Framework for Enterprise Governance of IT |title=Enterprise Governance of Information Technology: Achieving Alignment and Value, Featuring COBIT 5 |author1=Haes, S.D. |author2=Grembergen, W.V. |publisher=Springer |edition=2nd |year=2015 |pages=103–128 |isbn=9783319145471 |access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> Framework iyi njakuyang'ana pa business ndipo yikulongosora mndandanda wa ma generic processes gha management ya IT, apo process yiliyose njakulongosoleka pamoza na process inputs na outputs, key process-activities, process objectives, performance measures na elementary [[Capability Maturity Model|maturity model]].<ref name="HaesCOBIT15" /> == Framework and components == Vilato vya business na IT vyakolelaneskeka na kupimika kuti vipange milimo ya magulu gha business na IT teams. Ma process ghankhondi ghasangika:<ref name="Cobit 2019">COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology from ISACA</ref> # Evaluate, Direct and Monitor (EDM) # Align, Plan and Organize (APO) # Build, Acquire and Implement (BAI) # Deliver, Service and Support (DSS) # Monitor, Evaluate and Assess (MEA) COBIT framework iyi yikukolerana na [[Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission|COSO]], [[ITIL]],<ref>{{cite book|title=ITIL Foundation: 4th edition|url=https://itil.press/|publisher=AXELOS|date=2019|ISBN=9780113316076}}</ref> [[Business Information Services Library|BiSL]], [[ISO 27000]], [[Capability Maturity Model Integration|CMMI]], [[TOGAF]] na [[PMBOK]].<ref name="HaesCOBIT15" /> Framework iyi yikovwira makampani kulondezga dango, kuŵa agile na kusanga ndalama zinandi.<ref name="LuelligACOBIT13">{{cite journal|author1=Luellig|first=Lorrie|author2=Frazier, J.|year=2013|title=A COBIT Approach to Regulatory Compliance and Defensible Disposal|url=https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/past-issues/2013/a-cobit-approach-to-regulatory-compliance-and-defensible-disposal|journal=ISACA Journal|volume=5|access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> Pasi apa pali COBIT components: * Framework: Yikunozga [[IT governance]] objectives na good practices kwizira mwa IT domains na processes ndipo yikuzikoleranya na business requirements. * Process descriptions: Ndondomeko ya reference process model na chiyowoyero chamoza kwa waliyose mu organization. Ma process agha ghakulunjikana na responsibility areas gha plan, build, run, na monitor. * Control objectives: Yikupeleka mndandanda wamsuma wa high-level requirements ghakuti ghawolembeeke na management kwa control yiwemi ya process yiliyose ya IT. * Management guidelines: Yikovwira kugaŵa milimo, kukolerana pa objectives, kupima performance, na kulongora kukolerana na ma process ghanyake. * Maturity models: Yikupima maturity na capability pa process yiliyose ndipo yikovwira kumala mipata gha gaps. Standard iyi yikufiska vyakukhumbikwa vyose vya practice, uku yikusunga independence kufuma ku specific manufacturers, technologies na platforms. Pakupanga standard iyi, vikaŵa machitiko kuyigwiliskira ntchito pa auditing ya [[IT system]] ya kampani na pa designing ya IT system. Pa nkhani yakwamba, COBIT yikuzomerezgani kusanga degree of conformity ya system iyo yikupendeka kwenda ku vyelezgero viwemi chomene, ndipo pa nkhani yachiŵiri, ku-design system iyo njakufikapo mu makhaliro ghake. === Information criteria === ''Information criteria'' ni core component ya COBIT framework iyo yikulongosora chilato cha objectives. Vinthu veneko ni control ya:<ref name="l915">{{cite journal |last1=Sheikhpour |first1=R. |last2=Modiri |first2=N. |date=1 January 2012 |title=(PDF) An approach to map COBIT processes to ISO/IEC 27001 information security management controls |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292833500_An_approach_to_map_COBIT_processes_to_ISOIEC_27001_information_security_management_controls |journal=International Journal of Security and Its Applications |publisher=NADIA |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=13–28 |issn=1738-9976 |access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref> [[Effectiveness]] yikuyowoya za information kuŵa relevant na pertinent ku business process ndipo yikwiza mu nyengo yakwenelera, yakunyoloka, consistent na mu nthowa yiwemi yakugwiliskira ntchito. [[Efficiency]] yikukhwaskana na kupeleka kwa information kwizira mu optimal (most productive na economical) use of resources. [[Confidentiality]] yikukhwaskana na kuvikilirika kwa sensitive information kufuma ku unauthorised disclosure. [[Integrity]] yikukolerana na accuracy na completeness ya information pamoza na validity yake kwenda pa business values na expectations. [[Availability]] yikukolerana na kuŵapo kwa information para yikukhumbikwa na business process pa sasa na munthazi. Yikukhwaskana so na kuvikilira resources zakukhumbikwa na associated capabilities. [[Regulatory compliance|Compliance]] yikukhwaskana na kulondezga malango, regulations na contractual arrangements ivyo business process yili pasi pake, monga externally imposed business criteria pamoza na internal policies. Reliability yikukolerana na kupeleka kwa information yakwenelera ya management kuti yiyendeske entity na kuchita milimo yake ya fiduciary na governance responsibilities. ==History== COBIT pakwamba yikaŵa "Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies," nangauli pambere framework iyi yindafumiskike ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga za "CobiT" monga "Control Objectives for IT"<ref name="KatsikasInfo96">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_pLAAAAYAAJ|title=Information Systems Security: Facing the Information Society of the 21st Century|publisher=Springer|year=1996|isbn=9780412781209|editor1=Katsikas, S.|series=IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology|page=358|quote=The [[McCumber cube|McCumber model]] has great similarities with the CobiT - Control Objectives for IT - framework (CobiT 1995).|editor2=Gritzalis, D.}}</ref> panji "Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology."<ref name="ISACAFirstArch">{{cite web|url=http://www.isaca.org/|title=Welcome to the ISACA/F|date=18 October 1996|publisher=ISACA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961107101619/http://www.isaca.org/|archive-date=7 November 1996|access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> ISACA yikafumiska kakwamba COBIT mu chaka cha 1996, pakwamba monga mndandanda wa control objectives{{clarify|date=June 2018}} wakovwira financial audit community kuti ŵende makora mu ma-environment ghakukhwaskana na IT.<ref name="HaesCOBIT15" /><ref name="StroudIntro12">{{cite web |url=http://www.isaca.org/education/upcoming-events/documents/intro-cobit5.pdf |title=Introduction to COBIT 5 |author=Stroud, R.E. |publisher=ISACA |date=2012 |access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> Wati wawona kuzirwa kwa kusazgirako framework iyi kuluska waka charu cha auditing, ISACA yikafumiska version 2 yisani mu chaka cha 1998 ndipo yikayisazgirako chomene pakusazgapo management guidelines mu version 3 ya chaka cha 2000. Kupangika kwa [[AS 8015]]: ''Australian Standard for Corporate Governance of Information and Communication Technology'' mu January 2005<ref name="Cruz10AS8015_06">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtREBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |chapter=10: AS 8015-2005 - Australian Standard for Corporate Governance of ICT |title=Frameworks for IT Management |author=da Cruz, M. |editor1=van Bon, J. |editor2=Verheijen, T. |publisher=Van Haren Publishing |year=2006 |pages=95–102 |isbn=9789077212905 |access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref> na international draft standard ISO/IEC DIS 29382 (iyo pakolwera yikazgoka [[ISO/IEC 38500]]) mu January 2007<ref name="ISODIS29382Arch">{{cite web |url=https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?&item_s_key=00490704 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623191716/https://global.ihs.com/doc_detail.cfm?&item_s_key=00490704 |title=ISO/IEC DIS 29382: 2007 Edition, February 1, 2007 |work=IHS Standards Store |publisher=IHS, Inc |archive-date=23 June 2016 |access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref> kukasazgirako kumanya za kukhumbikwa kwa components zanyake za information and communication technology (ICT) governance. Mwa nthowa yambura kutondeka, ISACA ikasazgapo components/frameworks zakukolerana nazo mu ma-version 4 na 4.1 mu vyaka vya 2005 na 2007 mndandanda wake, yikalazganga pa IT-related business processes na responsibilities mu value creation ([[Val IT]]) na [[risk management]] ([[Risk IT]])."<ref name="HaesCOBIT15" /><ref name="StroudIntro12" /> COBIT 5 (2012) yilikuzikika pa COBIT 4.1, Val IT 2.0 na Risk IT frameworks, ndipo yikutora kufuma mu ISACA's ''IT Assurance Framework'' (ITAF) na ''Business Model for Information Security'' (BMIS).<ref name="C5InfoSec">{{cite web |url=http://www.isaca.org/COBIT/Pages/Information-Security-Product-Page.aspx |title=COBIT 5 for Information Security |publisher=ISACA |access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="C5Assur">{{cite web |url=http://www.isaca.org/COBIT/Pages/Assurance-product-page.aspx |title=COBIT 5 for Assurance |publisher=ISACA |access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref> Pa sasa apa ISACA yikupeleka ma-certification track pa COBIT 2019 (COBIT Foundations, COBIT Design & Implementation, na Implementing the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Using COBIT 2019)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/cobit |title = COBIT Certifications {{!}} Get Your COBIT Certificate {{!}} ISACA}}</ref> pamoza na certification mu version yakale (COBIT 5).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/cobit/cobit-5-certifcates |title = COBIT 5 Certification {{!}} Get COBIT 5 Certified {{!}} ISACA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knowyourprivacyrights.org/ |title=Home |website=knowyourprivacyrights.org}}</ref> ==Wonani so== * [[IT governance]] * [[Data governance]] * [[Information assurance]] * [[Information quality management]] * [[ITIL]] * [[ISO/IEC 38500]] ==References== <references /> ==External links== * [https://www.isaca.org/resources/cobit COBIT page ku ISACA] * [https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/3492 A user case of the COBIT Framework: San Marcos, TX] {{Authority control}} <!---Place all category tags here--> {{DEFAULTSORT:Cobit}} [[Category:Information technology governance]] [[Category:Information technology management]] [[Category:Information technology audit]] [[Category:Privacy]] iw1gvyhhokcqkjhu5tz34hi7aqnmpmd 0 47610 116394 2026-06-14T11:19:48Z NVNkz 11711 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/58829|60 (alƙalami)]]" 116394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''60''' ('''makumi ghankhondi na limoza''') ni nambara, pakati pa 59 na 61. [[Category:Nambala]] bfyx7t41s62q58yc0qkxe220fu6d9w8 0 47611 116395 2026-06-14T11:23:28Z NVNkz 11711 Created by translating the page "[[:ha:Special:Redirect/revision/58976|70 (alƙalami)]]" 116395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''70''' ('''makumi ghankhondi na ghaŵiri''') ni nambara, pakati pa 69 na 71. [[Category:Nambala]] gwk4jdtce4yi1fnqi9lph72b94yynmp