Wikipedia twwiki https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kratafa_Titiriw MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Soronko Nkitahode Dwumadini Dwumadini nkitahode Wikipedia Wikipedia nkitahode File File nkitahode MediaWiki MediaWiki nkitahode Nhwɛsoɔ Nhwɛsoɔ nkitahode Mmoa Mmoa nkitahode Nkyekyεmu Nkyekyεmu nkitahode TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 6755 190809 59104 2025-06-22T19:55:06Z CommonsDelinker 99 Removing [[:c:File:El_cuentito.jpg|El_cuentito.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Petrona Viera|]]. 190809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dialect|Akuapem}} Ayɔnkofa ye adamfofa [[abusuabɔ]] a ɛda nnipa ntam. [[File:Childhood_friends_at_a_carnival.jpg|thumb|Ayɔnkofa]] == Nkekaho == {{Reflist}} qfpkxqhzabwodp7deckvi56vf23v6z9 0 17347 190807 190767 2025-06-22T17:07:22Z Lucius Diadem 20025 continuing the translation of the original document 190807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Saa krataa yi wɔ nsiesie mu. Obiara betumi aboa ama krataa yi atu mpɔn.''''' '''Nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ''' yɛ dwumadie a wɔde asi hɔ sɛ wɔde bɛpata wɔn a wɔde wɔn kɔɔ nkoasom mu anaa wɔn asefoɔ no. Adwene ahodoɔ a ɛfa nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ anaa akatua [[Reparation (legal)|ho wɔ mmara nyansapɛ]], ne atentenenee a ɛwɔ nnipasuo nsesa mu. Wɔ U.S. no, wɔasi nkoasom mpatadeɛ ho agyinaeɛ wɔ asɛmdibea, sɛ wɔnhwɛ mfa nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ ne akatua pa mma. Ankorankorɛ ne nwumakuo ahodoɔ nso afiri wɔn pɛ mu ayɛ mpatadeɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ yi bi. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="UMass Reparations Article">{{Cite web}}</ref> Mmerɛ a edi kan a obi fa too ne ho so sɛ ɔbɛyɛ nkoasom ho nsiesie wɔ United States no, pɛnhyen akatua na ɔde hyɛɛ aseɛ wɔ afe 1783 mu. Saa onipa yi ne [[Belinda Royall]], a na ɔyɛ akoa wɔ ɔman no mu. Na efiri saa berɛ no, wɔda so ara dwendwene ɔkwan a wɔbefa so atua wɔn ka wɔ nkoasom no ho. Ɛde besi nnɛ, wɔmfaa aban mmara biara a ɛfa nkoasom mpatadeɛ ho mmaeɛ. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> 1865 [[Special Field Orders No. 15]] (" [[Forty acres and a mule]] ") yɛ anamɔntuo a ɛgyee din, sɛ wɔde bɛboa nkoa a wɔade wɔn foforɔ, na wɔatumi de wɔn ho ahyɛ ɔman no mu, na wɔanya ahonyadeɛ. <ref name="darity">{{Cite book}}</ref> Nanso, Ɔmampanyini Andrew Johnson danee saa ahyɛdeɛ yi, na ɔsane de asase no maa ne kanee wuranom. Nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ yɛ asɛm a edi ahim wɔ US amanyɔsɛm mu, ɛnkanka Democratic Party ɔmanpanyini akansie a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ afe 2020 no mu. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mpatadeɛ ho sufrɛ mu yɛɛ den wɔ afe 2020 mu, wɔ ɔyɛkyerɛ a etia polisifoɔ atirimuɔdensɛm no mu, ne COVID-19 yaredɔm a ekunkum Amerikafoɔ Abibifoɔ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnsɛ so. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mpɛn pii no, abibifoɔ mfɛkuo ne abibifoɔ atwerɛfoɔ na wɔfrɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ ɛmfa ntua nnipa mu nyiyimu, ne nkoasom wɔ U.S. no ho mpatadeɛ. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="Black Asheville Demands">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref name="coates">{{cite magazine|last=Coates|first=Ta-Nehisi|date=June 1, 2014|title=The Case for Reparations|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|magazine=The Atlantic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Mpatadeɛ yi ho asɛmka akɔyɛ asɛmsɛbɛ, ɛnam akyinnyegyeɛ kɛseɛ ne nsemmisa ahodoɔ a ɛfa sɛnea wɔde mpatadeɛ no bɛma, sika dodoɔ a wɔde bɛma, nea obetua, ne nnipa a ɔbɛgye mpatadeɛ no. <ref>Alfred L. Brophy, The Cultural War over Reparations for Slavery, 53 DePaul Law Review 1181–1213, 1182–1184 (Spring 2004)</ref> <ref name="Washington Post Reparations Already Happening">{{Cite news}}</ref> Akwan ahodoɔ a wɔbɛfa so atua nkoasom ho ka wɔ ɔman no mu, a kuro, mantam, kurotia, aban, ne ankorankorɛ nwumakuo ahodoɔ ahyehyɛ no bi ne: ankorankorɛ sikatua, sika a wɔde bɛyɛ nsiesie, abasobɔdeɛ, sika a wɔde tutu ka, ne nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ a wɔde besi ntɛnkyea ano, asase mpatadeɛ a ɛfa ahofadie ho, akyɛwpa ne ntɛnkyea ho ahonuu, ayɛyɛdeɛ nneɛma (te sɛ ɛdan bi a wɔde bɛto obi), <ref name="UMass Reparations Article2">{{Cite web}}</ref> ne sɛ wɔbeyi nkaedum ne mmorɔno din a wɔde too nkoa wuranom, ne wɔn a wɔbɔ nkoasom ho ban. <ref name="Black Asheville Demands2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Esiane sɛ ntɛnkyea ne nyiyimu foforɔ akɔ so firi berɛ a wɔbaraa nkoasom wɔ U.S. nti, <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5851855/systemic-racism-america/|title=America's Long Overdue Awakening to Systemic Racism|date=June 11, 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|magazine=Time}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> abibifoɔ mfɛkuo binom ne nwumakuo ahodoɔ a wɔgyina ma ɔmanfoɔ faahodie aka sɛ, wontua saa ntɛnkyea ahodoɔ no ne nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ nso. <ref name="Washington Post Reparations Already Happening2">{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="Black Asheville Demands3">{{Cite web}}</ref> Ebinom kyerɛ sɛ U.S. afiase nhyehyɛeɛ, efiri afiasefoɔ a wɔtɔ wɔn kɔ mfuo mu, de kɔsi ɛnnɛ yi aban adwumakuo [[Federal Prison Industries]] (UNICOR) so, no yɛ ɛnnɛ yi mmara kwan so nkoasom a, ɛda so ara nya nsunsuasoɔ wɔ abibifoɔ ne nnipakuo nketewa ahodoɔ so, enam [[War on drugs|nnubɔne ho ɔkoo]] ne nea wɔakasa atia sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan [[School-to-prison pipeline|wɔde firi sukuu mu kɔ afiase.]] <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> === Wɔ tete atubrafoɔ mmerɛ mu === Akyinnyegyeɛ a ɛfa nkoasom ho mpata hyɛɛ aseɛ firii mfeɛ ɔha a ɛto so dunwɔtwe no mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ [[Quakers|kwekafoɔ]], a na wɔyɛ [[Quakers in the abolition movement#United States|wɔn a wodii kan tuu anamɔn sɛ wɔmbra nkoasom wɔ United States no]] mu bi, de adwene koro sii so dua sɛ nkoa a wɔade wɔn ho no wɔ ho kwan sɛ wonya mpatadeɛ firi wɔn kane wuranom hɔ. Sɛ owura bi nuu ne ho wɔ bɔne a ɔyɛeɛ sɛ ɔfaa akoa no sɛ n'agyapadeɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔtua ne nneyɔeɛ so ka wɔ mpata ne nsiesie kwan so. Kwekafoɔ faa [[Deuteronomy|Deuteronomium]] nwoma de kyerɛɛ sɛnea wɔhyɛɛ awuranom sɛ wɔnkyɛ wɔn agyapadeɛ mu bi ɛnfa mma nkoa a, kane na wɔsom awuranom no. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Wɔ [[American Revolutionary War|Ɔman Nsesaeɛ Ko no]] mu no, [[Warner Mifflin]] kamfo kyerɛeɛ sɛ, ɛfata sɛ wɔde [[Restitution|mpatadeɛ]] mma [[Freedman|nkoa dadaa a wɔade wɔn ho no]] ntɛm so wɔ afe 1778 mu; sɛ ɛyɛ sika, asase, anaa mfuo ne [[Sharecropping|nnɔbaeɛ a wɔbɛkyɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ]]. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Polgar|first=Paul J.|date=2018-12-01|title=Warner Mifflin: Unflinching Quaker Abolitionist|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jay310|journal=Journal of American History|volume=105|issue=3|pages=660–661|doi=10.1093/jahist/jay310|issn=0021-8723|url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> [[Gary B. Nash]] twerɛɛ sɛ, "ebia wɔbɛfrɛ Warner Mifflin sɛ agya a ɔdii Amerikafoɔ nkoasom ho mpatasɛm mu ntintinman". <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heller|first=Mike|date=2019-03-01|title=Review of Gary Nash's Warner Mifflin: Unflinching Quaker Abolitionist (Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017)|url=https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/qrt/vol132/iss1/10|journal=Quaker Religious Thought|volume=132|issue=1|issn=0033-5088}}</ref> === Ansa na Ɔman ko no reba === Ansa na wɔretu nkoasom ase wɔ ɔman no mu wɔ 1865 mu no, [[Abolitionism in the United States|wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ]] wotu nkoasom ase no de adwenkyerɛ ahodoɔ too dwa wɔ sɛnea wobetumi anaasɛ deɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ de pata nkoasom adwumayɛfoɔ no wɔ wɔn ahofadie akyi. Wɔ afe 1859 mfiaseɛ mu no, wɔ nwoma bi a wɔde too "Dɔmbarima Panyini" [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] mu no, [[James Redpath]] kaa sɛ ɔyɛ "onipa a ɔfoa nkoasom mpatadeɛ so". Na ɔkyerɛ sɛ, wɔ n'adwene mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nsase a ɛwɔ US amanaman no ma nkoa dadaa no. <ref name="Roving2">{{Cite book}}</ref> Ɔsan nso de anwensɛm bi a atwam, a William North twerɛeɛ, de kyerɛɛ "akwan a wɔfa so tua mpata". <ref name="Roving2" /> Akyiri yi wɔ saa afe no mu, bere a wokum Brown akyi no, Redpath bɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ Brown asetena ho nsɛm a edi kan mu sɛ "na ɔnyɛ obi a ɔpɛ ahofadie ara kwa, na mmom obi a ɔpɛ sɛ wotua nneyɔeɛ so ka. Na ɔgye di sɛ, ɛnyɛ nkoasom ho nsɛmmɔnedie nkoaa na ɛsɛ sɛ woyi firi hɔ, na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wotua mfomsoɔ a wɔayɛ akoa biara so ka. Nea na ogye di no, ɔyɛeɛ. Wɔ saa berɛ yi mu [Missouri ɔtɛberɛ, 1859], berɛ a ɔka kyerɛɛ nkoa no sɛ wɔade wɔn ho akyi no, obisaa wɔn sɛnea wɔn som no boɔ teɛ, na—bere a wɔabuaa no no—ɔkɔɔ so gyee agyapadeɛ a ne boɔ som sika dodoɔ a ɛsɛ abibifoɔ no." <ref name="Public">{{Cite book}}</ref> Ná Ananmusifoɔ [[George W. Julian]] ne [[Thaddeus Stevens]], a wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ [[Radical Republican]] kuo no mufoɔ no ahyɛ dada sɛ wonnye nsase a wɔde yɛ mfuo no, na wɔnsan nkyekyɛ bio. <ref name="McKivigan">{{Cite book}}</ref> === Nsiesie berɛ no === Akyinnyegyeɛ a ɛfa nkoasom akatua ho no gyina nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛkɔ so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata sɛ wɔde mpatadeɛ ahodoɔ no fa so, ne nsase ho mpatadeɛ a Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ Abibifoɔ no nyaeɛ a, akyiri yi wɔsane gye firii wɔn nsam no. Wɔ 1865 mu, bere a wodii [[Confederate States of America|Amerika Aman Nkabomkuo no]] so nkonim wɔ [[American Civil War|Amerika Ɔmanko no mu]] akyi no, [[General William Tecumseh Sherman|Ɔsahene William Tecumseh Sherman]] de ɔhyɛ mae sɛ "wɔmma awerɛhyemu sɛ nkabomu bɛba beaeɛ a wɔyɛ adwuma no", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118190642/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA252324&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf "Harmony of Action" – Sherman as an Army Group Commander]</ref> na wɔnsɔ ɔhaw ahodoɔ a nkoa pii a wɔade wɔn ho no de baeɛ no ano. Saa mmara no yɛ berɛ tiawa mu nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛmaa abusua biara a wɔade wɔn ho [[Forty acres and a mule|no asase "acre" aduanan, a wobetumi ayɛ so adwuma wɔ]] nsupɔ so ne mmeaɛ a atwa Charleston, South Carolina ho ahyia no so, sɛ abibifoɔ a wɔde wɔn yɛɛ nkoa nkutoo na wɔnyɛ so adwuma. Na asraafoɔ no nso wɔ [[Mule|mfunumu]] dodoɔ bi a wɔmfa nnyɛ hwee. Wɔdanee sa mfunumu yi maa nkoa a wɔade wɔn ho no. Wɔde nkoa bɛyɛ 40,000 a wɔade wɔn ho kɔtenaaa asase a ne kɛseɛ yɛ hekta 400,000 (1,600&nbsp;km ² ) so wɔ Georgia ne South Carolina. Nanso berɛ a wokum [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] no, Ɔmampanyin [[Andrew Johnson]] danee nhyehyɛeɛ no, na wɔsane de asase no maa wɔn kanee wuranom, na wɔhyɛɛ abibifoɔ no maa wofirii asaase no so. Wɔ 1867 mu no, [[Thaddeus Stevens]] boaa mmara bi a wɔde bɛsane akyekyɛ nsaase no ama Amerikafoɔ abibifoɔ no, nanso antumi annyina. 2askwqbimbtqhhzizf6pzfgdywjwvdn 190808 190807 2025-06-22T17:42:11Z Lucius Diadem 20025 translation of additional two paragraphs 190808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Saa krataa yi wɔ nsiesie mu. Obiara betumi aboa ama krataa yi atu mpɔn.''''' '''Nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ''' yɛ dwumadie a wɔde asi hɔ sɛ wɔde bɛpata wɔn a wɔde wɔn kɔɔ nkoasom mu anaa wɔn asefoɔ no. Adwene ahodoɔ a ɛfa nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ anaa akatua [[Reparation (legal)|ho wɔ mmara nyansapɛ]], ne atentenenee a ɛwɔ nnipasuo nsesa mu. Wɔ U.S. no, wɔasi nkoasom mpatadeɛ ho agyinaeɛ wɔ asɛmdibea, sɛ wɔnhwɛ mfa nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ ne akatua pa mma. Ankorankorɛ ne nwumakuo ahodoɔ nso afiri wɔn pɛ mu ayɛ mpatadeɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ yi bi. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="UMass Reparations Article">{{Cite web}}</ref> Mmerɛ a edi kan a obi fa too ne ho so sɛ ɔbɛyɛ nkoasom ho nsiesie wɔ United States no, pɛnhyen akatua na ɔde hyɛɛ aseɛ wɔ afe 1783 mu. Saa onipa yi ne [[Belinda Royall]], a na ɔyɛ akoa wɔ ɔman no mu. Na efiri saa berɛ no, wɔda so ara dwendwene ɔkwan a wɔbefa so atua wɔn ka wɔ nkoasom no ho. Ɛde besi nnɛ, wɔmfaa aban mmara biara a ɛfa nkoasom mpatadeɛ ho mmaeɛ. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> 1865 [[Special Field Orders No. 15]] (" [[Forty acres and a mule]] ") yɛ anamɔntuo a ɛgyee din, sɛ wɔde bɛboa nkoa a wɔade wɔn foforɔ, na wɔatumi de wɔn ho ahyɛ ɔman no mu, na wɔanya ahonyadeɛ. <ref name="darity">{{Cite book}}</ref> Nanso, Ɔmampanyini Andrew Johnson danee saa ahyɛdeɛ yi, na ɔsane de asase no maa ne kanee wuranom. Nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ yɛ asɛm a edi ahim wɔ US amanyɔsɛm mu, ɛnkanka Democratic Party ɔmanpanyini akansie a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ afe 2020 no mu. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mpatadeɛ ho sufrɛ mu yɛɛ den wɔ afe 2020 mu, wɔ ɔyɛkyerɛ a etia polisifoɔ atirimuɔdensɛm no mu, ne COVID-19 yaredɔm a ekunkum Amerikafoɔ Abibifoɔ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnsɛ so. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mpɛn pii no, abibifoɔ mfɛkuo ne abibifoɔ atwerɛfoɔ na wɔfrɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ ɛmfa ntua nnipa mu nyiyimu, ne nkoasom wɔ U.S. no ho mpatadeɛ. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="Black Asheville Demands">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref name="coates">{{cite magazine|last=Coates|first=Ta-Nehisi|date=June 1, 2014|title=The Case for Reparations|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|magazine=The Atlantic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Mpatadeɛ yi ho asɛmka akɔyɛ asɛmsɛbɛ, ɛnam akyinnyegyeɛ kɛseɛ ne nsemmisa ahodoɔ a ɛfa sɛnea wɔde mpatadeɛ no bɛma, sika dodoɔ a wɔde bɛma, nea obetua, ne nnipa a ɔbɛgye mpatadeɛ no. <ref>Alfred L. Brophy, The Cultural War over Reparations for Slavery, 53 DePaul Law Review 1181–1213, 1182–1184 (Spring 2004)</ref> <ref name="Washington Post Reparations Already Happening">{{Cite news}}</ref> Akwan ahodoɔ a wɔbɛfa so atua nkoasom ho ka wɔ ɔman no mu, a kuro, mantam, kurotia, aban, ne ankorankorɛ nwumakuo ahodoɔ ahyehyɛ no bi ne: ankorankorɛ sikatua, sika a wɔde bɛyɛ nsiesie, abasobɔdeɛ, sika a wɔde tutu ka, ne nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ a wɔde besi ntɛnkyea ano, asase mpatadeɛ a ɛfa ahofadie ho, akyɛwpa ne ntɛnkyea ho ahonuu, ayɛyɛdeɛ nneɛma (te sɛ ɛdan bi a wɔde bɛto obi), <ref name="UMass Reparations Article2">{{Cite web}}</ref> ne sɛ wɔbeyi nkaedum ne mmorɔno din a wɔde too nkoa wuranom, ne wɔn a wɔbɔ nkoasom ho ban. <ref name="Black Asheville Demands2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Esiane sɛ ntɛnkyea ne nyiyimu foforɔ akɔ so firi berɛ a wɔbaraa nkoasom wɔ U.S. nti, <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5851855/systemic-racism-america/|title=America's Long Overdue Awakening to Systemic Racism|date=June 11, 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|magazine=Time}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> abibifoɔ mfɛkuo binom ne nwumakuo ahodoɔ a wɔgyina ma ɔmanfoɔ faahodie aka sɛ, wontua saa ntɛnkyea ahodoɔ no ne nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ nso. <ref name="Washington Post Reparations Already Happening2">{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="Black Asheville Demands3">{{Cite web}}</ref> Ebinom kyerɛ sɛ U.S. afiase nhyehyɛeɛ, efiri afiasefoɔ a wɔtɔ wɔn kɔ mfuo mu, de kɔsi ɛnnɛ yi aban adwumakuo [[Federal Prison Industries]] (UNICOR) so, no yɛ ɛnnɛ yi mmara kwan so nkoasom a, ɛda so ara nya nsunsuasoɔ wɔ abibifoɔ ne nnipakuo nketewa ahodoɔ so, enam [[War on drugs|nnubɔne ho ɔkoo]] ne nea wɔakasa atia sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan [[School-to-prison pipeline|wɔde firi sukuu mu kɔ afiase.]] <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> === Wɔ tete atubrafoɔ mmerɛ mu === Akyinnyegyeɛ a ɛfa nkoasom ho mpata hyɛɛ aseɛ firii mfeɛ ɔha a ɛto so dunwɔtwe no mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ [[Quakers|kwekafoɔ]], a na wɔyɛ [[Quakers in the abolition movement#United States|wɔn a wodii kan tuu anamɔn sɛ wɔmbra nkoasom wɔ United States no]] mu bi, de adwene koro sii so dua sɛ nkoa a wɔade wɔn ho no wɔ ho kwan sɛ wonya mpatadeɛ firi wɔn kane wuranom hɔ. Sɛ owura bi nuu ne ho wɔ bɔne a ɔyɛeɛ sɛ ɔfaa akoa no sɛ n'agyapadeɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔtua ne nneyɔeɛ so ka wɔ mpata ne nsiesie kwan so. Kwekafoɔ faa [[Deuteronomy|Deuteronomium]] nwoma de kyerɛɛ sɛnea wɔhyɛɛ awuranom sɛ wɔnkyɛ wɔn agyapadeɛ mu bi ɛnfa mma nkoa a, kane na wɔsom awuranom no. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Wɔ [[American Revolutionary War|Ɔman Nsesaeɛ Ko no]] mu no, [[Warner Mifflin]] kamfo kyerɛeɛ sɛ, ɛfata sɛ wɔde [[Restitution|mpatadeɛ]] mma [[Freedman|nkoa dadaa a wɔade wɔn ho no]] ntɛm so wɔ afe 1778 mu; sɛ ɛyɛ sika, asase, anaa mfuo ne [[Sharecropping|nnɔbaeɛ a wɔbɛkyɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ]]. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Polgar|first=Paul J.|date=2018-12-01|title=Warner Mifflin: Unflinching Quaker Abolitionist|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jay310|journal=Journal of American History|volume=105|issue=3|pages=660–661|doi=10.1093/jahist/jay310|issn=0021-8723|url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> [[Gary B. Nash]] twerɛɛ sɛ, "ebia wɔbɛfrɛ Warner Mifflin sɛ agya a ɔdii Amerikafoɔ nkoasom ho mpatasɛm mu ntintinman". <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heller|first=Mike|date=2019-03-01|title=Review of Gary Nash's Warner Mifflin: Unflinching Quaker Abolitionist (Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017)|url=https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/qrt/vol132/iss1/10|journal=Quaker Religious Thought|volume=132|issue=1|issn=0033-5088}}</ref> === Ansa na Ɔman ko no reba === Ansa na wɔretu nkoasom ase wɔ ɔman no mu wɔ 1865 mu no, [[Abolitionism in the United States|wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ]] wotu nkoasom ase no de adwenkyerɛ ahodoɔ too dwa wɔ sɛnea wobetumi anaasɛ deɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ de pata nkoasom adwumayɛfoɔ no wɔ wɔn ahofadie akyi. Wɔ afe 1859 mfiaseɛ mu no, wɔ nwoma bi a wɔde too "Dɔmbarima Panyini" [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] mu no, [[James Redpath]] kaa sɛ ɔyɛ "onipa a ɔfoa nkoasom mpatadeɛ so". Na ɔkyerɛ sɛ, wɔ n'adwene mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nsase a ɛwɔ US amanaman no ma nkoa dadaa no. <ref name="Roving2">{{Cite book}}</ref> Ɔsan nso de anwensɛm bi a atwam, a William North twerɛeɛ, de kyerɛɛ "akwan a wɔfa so tua mpata". <ref name="Roving2" /> Akyiri yi wɔ saa afe no mu, bere a wokum Brown akyi no, Redpath bɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ Brown asetena ho nsɛm a edi kan mu sɛ "na ɔnyɛ obi a ɔpɛ ahofadie ara kwa, na mmom obi a ɔpɛ sɛ wotua nneyɔeɛ so ka. Na ɔgye di sɛ, ɛnyɛ nkoasom ho nsɛmmɔnedie nkoaa na ɛsɛ sɛ woyi firi hɔ, na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wotua mfomsoɔ a wɔayɛ akoa biara so ka. Nea na ogye di no, ɔyɛeɛ. Wɔ saa berɛ yi mu [Missouri ɔtɛberɛ, 1859], berɛ a ɔka kyerɛɛ nkoa no sɛ wɔade wɔn ho akyi no, obisaa wɔn sɛnea wɔn som no boɔ teɛ, na—bere a wɔabuaa no no—ɔkɔɔ so gyee agyapadeɛ a ne boɔ som sika dodoɔ a ɛsɛ abibifoɔ no." <ref name="Public">{{Cite book}}</ref> Ná Ananmusifoɔ [[George W. Julian]] ne [[Thaddeus Stevens]], a wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ [[Radical Republican]] kuo no mufoɔ no ahyɛ dada sɛ wonnye nsase a wɔde yɛ mfuo no, na wɔnsan nkyekyɛ bio. <ref name="McKivigan">{{Cite book}}</ref> === Nsiesie berɛ no === Akyinnyegyeɛ a ɛfa nkoasom akatua ho no gyina nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛkɔ so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata sɛ wɔde mpatadeɛ ahodoɔ no fa so, ne nsase ho mpatadeɛ a Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ Abibifoɔ no nyaeɛ a, akyiri yi wɔsane gye firii wɔn nsam no. Wɔ 1865 mu, bere a wodii [[Confederate States of America|Amerika Aman Nkabomkuo no]] so nkonim wɔ [[American Civil War|Amerika Ɔmanko no mu]] akyi no, [[General William Tecumseh Sherman|Ɔsahene William Tecumseh Sherman]] de ɔhyɛ mae sɛ "wɔmma awerɛhyemu sɛ nkabomu bɛba beaeɛ a wɔyɛ adwuma no", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118190642/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA252324&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf "Harmony of Action" – Sherman as an Army Group Commander]</ref> na wɔnsɔ ɔhaw ahodoɔ a nkoa pii a wɔade wɔn ho no de baeɛ no ano. Saa mmara no yɛ berɛ tiawa mu nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛmaa abusua biara a wɔade wɔn ho [[Forty acres and a mule|no asase "acre" aduanan, a wobetumi ayɛ so adwuma wɔ]] nsupɔ so ne mmeaɛ a atwa Charleston, South Carolina ho ahyia no so, sɛ abibifoɔ a wɔde wɔn yɛɛ nkoa nkutoo na wɔnyɛ so adwuma. Na asraafoɔ no nso wɔ [[Mule|mfunumu]] dodoɔ bi a wɔmfa nnyɛ hwee. Wɔdanee sa mfunumu yi maa nkoa a wɔade wɔn ho no. Wɔde nkoa bɛyɛ 40,000 a wɔade wɔn ho kɔtenaaa asase a ne kɛseɛ yɛ hekta 400,000 (1,600&nbsp;km ² ) so wɔ Georgia ne South Carolina. Nanso berɛ a wokum [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] no, Ɔmampanyin [[Andrew Johnson]] danee nhyehyɛeɛ no, na wɔsane de asase no maa wɔn kanee wuranom, na wɔhyɛɛ abibifoɔ no maa wofirii asaase no so. Wɔ 1867 mu no, [[Thaddeus Stevens]] boaa mmara bi a wɔde bɛsane akyekyɛ nsaase no ama Amerikafoɔ abibifoɔ no, nanso antumi annyina. Nsesaeɛ mmerɛ no baa awieɛ wɔ 1877 mu, a wɔanni asɛm a ɛfa mpatadeɛ no ho dwuma. Ɛno akyi no, [[Racial segregation in the United States|mpaapaemu]] ne nhyɛsos kuo bi a wɔhyɛɛ da teeɛ sɔree wɔ Anaafoɔ aman no mu. Wɔhyɛɛ [[Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow mmara ahodoɔ]] no wɔ Anaafoɔfam Apuei aman bi mu de hyɛɛ pɛyɛ a enni hɔ dada a nkoasom de baeɛ no mu den. Afei nso, aborɔfo kuo ahodoɔ a wɔyɛ katee te sɛ [[Ku Klux Klan]] de wɔn ho hyɛɛ amumuyɛsɛm ho ɔsatuo kɛseɛ bi mu wɔ Anaafoɔ Apuei fam nyinaa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛka Amerikafoɔ Abibifoɔ no gyinabea wɔ ɔman no mu ahyɛ. Mfeɛ du pii akyi no, asɛnnibea gyinaɛsie bebree buu ntɛnkyea faa saa nsɛm yi ho, na wobuu wɔn ani guu pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ a ɛnni hɔ no so, na wɔgyee ho akyinnyeɛ wɔ badwa mu kasaeɛ mu. Wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ nwanwa mu no, kane akoa bi a wɔfrɛ no [[Henrietta Wood]] de asɛm kɔdanee asɛnnibea sɛ wɔmma no mpatadeɛ, berɛ a wɔkyeree no firii [[Ohio]] mantam a ahofadie wo mu no mu, na wɔtɔnee no kɔɔ nkoasom mu wɔ [[Mississippi]] akyi no . Amerika Ɔmanko no akyi no, wɔgyaee no, na ɔsane kɔɔ [[Cincinnati]], faako a odii nkonim wɔ n’asɛm no mu wɔ [[Federal judiciary of the United States|aban asennibea]] wɔ afe 1878 mu, na onyaa $2,500 wɔ mpatadeɛ mu. Ɛwom sɛ saa atemmuo yi ho asɛm trɛ kɔɔ ɔman no afanan nyinaa deɛ, nanso ankanyan akokoduro biara sɛ wɔbɛfa saa ɔkwan yi so wɔ nsɛm foforɔ a ɛte saa ara no ho. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> oapg9l16jycsa62tqdsd901rlh2r4jg 190810 190808 2025-06-23T00:06:09Z Lucius Diadem 20025 translation continues 190810 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Saa krataa yi wɔ nsiesie mu. Obiara betumi aboa ama krataa yi atu mpɔn.''''' '''Nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ''' yɛ dwumadie a wɔde asi hɔ sɛ wɔde bɛpata wɔn a wɔde wɔn kɔɔ nkoasom mu anaa wɔn asefoɔ no. Adwene ahodoɔ a ɛfa nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ anaa akatua [[Reparation (legal)|ho wɔ mmara nyansapɛ]], ne atentenenee a ɛwɔ nnipasuo nsesa mu. Wɔ U.S. no, wɔasi nkoasom mpatadeɛ ho agyinaeɛ wɔ asɛmdibea, sɛ wɔnhwɛ mfa nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ ne akatua pa mma. Ankorankorɛ ne nwumakuo ahodoɔ nso afiri wɔn pɛ mu ayɛ mpatadeɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ yi bi. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="UMass Reparations Article">{{Cite web}}</ref> Mmerɛ a edi kan a obi fa too ne ho so sɛ ɔbɛyɛ nkoasom ho nsiesie wɔ United States no, pɛnhyen akatua na ɔde hyɛɛ aseɛ wɔ afe 1783 mu. Saa onipa yi ne [[Belinda Royall]], a na ɔyɛ akoa wɔ ɔman no mu. Na efiri saa berɛ no, wɔda so ara dwendwene ɔkwan a wɔbefa so atua wɔn ka wɔ nkoasom no ho. Ɛde besi nnɛ, wɔmfaa aban mmara biara a ɛfa nkoasom mpatadeɛ ho mmaeɛ. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> 1865 [[Special Field Orders No. 15]] (" [[Forty acres and a mule]] ") yɛ anamɔntuo a ɛgyee din, sɛ wɔde bɛboa nkoa a wɔade wɔn foforɔ, na wɔatumi de wɔn ho ahyɛ ɔman no mu, na wɔanya ahonyadeɛ. <ref name="darity">{{Cite book}}</ref> Nanso, Ɔmampanyini Andrew Johnson danee saa ahyɛdeɛ yi, na ɔsane de asase no maa ne kanee wuranom. Nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ yɛ asɛm a edi ahim wɔ US amanyɔsɛm mu, ɛnkanka Democratic Party ɔmanpanyini akansie a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ afe 2020 no mu. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mpatadeɛ ho sufrɛ mu yɛɛ den wɔ afe 2020 mu, wɔ ɔyɛkyerɛ a etia polisifoɔ atirimuɔdensɛm no mu, ne COVID-19 yaredɔm a ekunkum Amerikafoɔ Abibifoɔ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnsɛ so. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mpɛn pii no, abibifoɔ mfɛkuo ne abibifoɔ atwerɛfoɔ na wɔfrɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ ɛmfa ntua nnipa mu nyiyimu, ne nkoasom wɔ U.S. no ho mpatadeɛ. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="Black Asheville Demands">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref name="coates">{{cite magazine|last=Coates|first=Ta-Nehisi|date=June 1, 2014|title=The Case for Reparations|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|magazine=The Atlantic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Mpatadeɛ yi ho asɛmka akɔyɛ asɛmsɛbɛ, ɛnam akyinnyegyeɛ kɛseɛ ne nsemmisa ahodoɔ a ɛfa sɛnea wɔde mpatadeɛ no bɛma, sika dodoɔ a wɔde bɛma, nea obetua, ne nnipa a ɔbɛgye mpatadeɛ no. <ref>Alfred L. Brophy, The Cultural War over Reparations for Slavery, 53 DePaul Law Review 1181–1213, 1182–1184 (Spring 2004)</ref> <ref name="Washington Post Reparations Already Happening">{{Cite news}}</ref> Akwan ahodoɔ a wɔbɛfa so atua nkoasom ho ka wɔ ɔman no mu, a kuro, mantam, kurotia, aban, ne ankorankorɛ nwumakuo ahodoɔ ahyehyɛ no bi ne: ankorankorɛ sikatua, sika a wɔde bɛyɛ nsiesie, abasobɔdeɛ, sika a wɔde tutu ka, ne nhyehyɛeɛ ahodoɔ a wɔde besi ntɛnkyea ano, asase mpatadeɛ a ɛfa ahofadie ho, akyɛwpa ne ntɛnkyea ho ahonuu, ayɛyɛdeɛ nneɛma (te sɛ ɛdan bi a wɔde bɛto obi), <ref name="UMass Reparations Article2">{{Cite web}}</ref> ne sɛ wɔbeyi nkaedum ne mmorɔno din a wɔde too nkoa wuranom, ne wɔn a wɔbɔ nkoasom ho ban. <ref name="Black Asheville Demands2">{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Esiane sɛ ntɛnkyea ne nyiyimu foforɔ akɔ so firi berɛ a wɔbaraa nkoasom wɔ U.S. nti, <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5851855/systemic-racism-america/|title=America's Long Overdue Awakening to Systemic Racism|date=June 11, 2020|access-date=July 12, 2020|magazine=Time}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> abibifoɔ mfɛkuo binom ne nwumakuo ahodoɔ a wɔgyina ma ɔmanfoɔ faahodie aka sɛ, wontua saa ntɛnkyea ahodoɔ no ne nkoasom ho mpatadeɛ nso. <ref name="Washington Post Reparations Already Happening2">{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="Black Asheville Demands3">{{Cite web}}</ref> Ebinom kyerɛ sɛ U.S. afiase nhyehyɛeɛ, efiri afiasefoɔ a wɔtɔ wɔn kɔ mfuo mu, de kɔsi ɛnnɛ yi aban adwumakuo [[Federal Prison Industries]] (UNICOR) so, no yɛ ɛnnɛ yi mmara kwan so nkoasom a, ɛda so ara nya nsunsuasoɔ wɔ abibifoɔ ne nnipakuo nketewa ahodoɔ so, enam [[War on drugs|nnubɔne ho ɔkoo]] ne nea wɔakasa atia sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan [[School-to-prison pipeline|wɔde firi sukuu mu kɔ afiase.]] <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> === Wɔ tete atubrafoɔ mmerɛ mu === Akyinnyegyeɛ a ɛfa nkoasom ho mpata hyɛɛ aseɛ firii mfeɛ ɔha a ɛto so dunwɔtwe no mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ [[Quakers|kwekafoɔ]], a na wɔyɛ [[Quakers in the abolition movement#United States|wɔn a wodii kan tuu anamɔn sɛ wɔmbra nkoasom wɔ United States no]] mu bi, de adwene koro sii so dua sɛ nkoa a wɔade wɔn ho no wɔ ho kwan sɛ wonya mpatadeɛ firi wɔn kane wuranom hɔ. Sɛ owura bi nuu ne ho wɔ bɔne a ɔyɛeɛ sɛ ɔfaa akoa no sɛ n'agyapadeɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔtua ne nneyɔeɛ so ka wɔ mpata ne nsiesie kwan so. Kwekafoɔ faa [[Deuteronomy|Deuteronomium]] nwoma de kyerɛɛ sɛnea wɔhyɛɛ awuranom sɛ wɔnkyɛ wɔn agyapadeɛ mu bi ɛnfa mma nkoa a, kane na wɔsom awuranom no. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Wɔ [[American Revolutionary War|Ɔman Nsesaeɛ Ko no]] mu no, [[Warner Mifflin]] kamfo kyerɛeɛ sɛ, ɛfata sɛ wɔde [[Restitution|mpatadeɛ]] mma [[Freedman|nkoa dadaa a wɔade wɔn ho no]] ntɛm so wɔ afe 1778 mu; sɛ ɛyɛ sika, asase, anaa mfuo ne [[Sharecropping|nnɔbaeɛ a wɔbɛkyɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ]]. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Polgar|first=Paul J.|date=2018-12-01|title=Warner Mifflin: Unflinching Quaker Abolitionist|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jay310|journal=Journal of American History|volume=105|issue=3|pages=660–661|doi=10.1093/jahist/jay310|issn=0021-8723|url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> [[Gary B. Nash]] twerɛɛ sɛ, "ebia wɔbɛfrɛ Warner Mifflin sɛ agya a ɔdii Amerikafoɔ nkoasom ho mpatasɛm mu ntintinman". <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heller|first=Mike|date=2019-03-01|title=Review of Gary Nash's Warner Mifflin: Unflinching Quaker Abolitionist (Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017)|url=https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/qrt/vol132/iss1/10|journal=Quaker Religious Thought|volume=132|issue=1|issn=0033-5088}}</ref> === Ansa na Ɔman ko no reba === Ansa na wɔretu nkoasom ase wɔ ɔman no mu wɔ 1865 mu no, [[Abolitionism in the United States|wɔn a wɔpɛ sɛ]] wotu nkoasom ase no de adwenkyerɛ ahodoɔ too dwa wɔ sɛnea wobetumi anaasɛ deɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ de pata nkoasom adwumayɛfoɔ no wɔ wɔn ahofadie akyi. Wɔ afe 1859 mfiaseɛ mu no, wɔ nwoma bi a wɔde too "Dɔmbarima Panyini" [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] mu no, [[James Redpath]] kaa sɛ ɔyɛ "onipa a ɔfoa nkoasom mpatadeɛ so". Na ɔkyerɛ sɛ, wɔ n'adwene mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nsase a ɛwɔ US amanaman no ma nkoa dadaa no. <ref name="Roving2">{{Cite book}}</ref> Ɔsan nso de anwensɛm bi a atwam, a William North twerɛeɛ, de kyerɛɛ "akwan a wɔfa so tua mpata". <ref name="Roving2" /> Akyiri yi wɔ saa afe no mu, bere a wokum Brown akyi no, Redpath bɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ Brown asetena ho nsɛm a edi kan mu sɛ "na ɔnyɛ obi a ɔpɛ ahofadie ara kwa, na mmom obi a ɔpɛ sɛ wotua nneyɔeɛ so ka. Na ɔgye di sɛ, ɛnyɛ nkoasom ho nsɛmmɔnedie nkoaa na ɛsɛ sɛ woyi firi hɔ, na mmom ɛsɛ sɛ wotua mfomsoɔ a wɔayɛ akoa biara so ka. Nea na ogye di no, ɔyɛeɛ. Wɔ saa berɛ yi mu [Missouri ɔtɛberɛ, 1859], berɛ a ɔka kyerɛɛ nkoa no sɛ wɔade wɔn ho akyi no, obisaa wɔn sɛnea wɔn som no boɔ teɛ, na—bere a wɔabuaa no no—ɔkɔɔ so gyee agyapadeɛ a ne boɔ som sika dodoɔ a ɛsɛ abibifoɔ no." <ref name="Public">{{Cite book}}</ref> Ná Ananmusifoɔ [[George W. Julian]] ne [[Thaddeus Stevens]], a wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ [[Radical Republican]] kuo no mufoɔ no ahyɛ dada sɛ wonnye nsase a wɔde yɛ mfuo no, na wɔnsan nkyekyɛ bio. <ref name="McKivigan">{{Cite book}}</ref> === Nsiesie berɛ no === Akyinnyegyeɛ a ɛfa nkoasom akatua ho no gyina nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛkɔ so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata sɛ wɔde mpatadeɛ ahodoɔ no fa so, ne nsase ho mpatadeɛ a Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ Abibifoɔ no nyaeɛ a, akyiri yi wɔsane gye firii wɔn nsam no. Wɔ 1865 mu, bere a wodii [[Confederate States of America|Amerika Aman Nkabomkuo no]] so nkonim wɔ [[American Civil War|Amerika Ɔmanko no mu]] akyi no, [[General William Tecumseh Sherman|Ɔsahene William Tecumseh Sherman]] de ɔhyɛ mae sɛ "wɔmma awerɛhyemu sɛ nkabomu bɛba beaeɛ a wɔyɛ adwuma no", <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118190642/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA252324&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf "Harmony of Action" – Sherman as an Army Group Commander]</ref> na wɔnsɔ ɔhaw ahodoɔ a nkoa pii a wɔade wɔn ho no de baeɛ no ano. Saa mmara no yɛ berɛ tiawa mu nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛmaa abusua biara a wɔade wɔn ho [[Forty acres and a mule|no asase "acre" aduanan, a wobetumi ayɛ so adwuma wɔ]] nsupɔ so ne mmeaɛ a atwa Charleston, South Carolina ho ahyia no so, sɛ abibifoɔ a wɔde wɔn yɛɛ nkoa nkutoo na wɔnyɛ so adwuma. Na asraafoɔ no nso wɔ [[Mule|mfunumu]] dodoɔ bi a wɔmfa nnyɛ hwee. Wɔdanee sa mfunumu yi maa nkoa a wɔade wɔn ho no. Wɔde nkoa bɛyɛ 40,000 a wɔade wɔn ho kɔtenaaa asase a ne kɛseɛ yɛ hekta 400,000 (1,600&nbsp;km ² ) so wɔ Georgia ne South Carolina. Nanso berɛ a wokum [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] no, Ɔmampanyin [[Andrew Johnson]] danee nhyehyɛeɛ no, na wɔsane de asase no maa wɔn kanee wuranom, na wɔhyɛɛ abibifoɔ no maa wofirii asaase no so. Wɔ 1867 mu no, [[Thaddeus Stevens]] boaa mmara bi a wɔde bɛsane akyekyɛ nsaase no ama Amerikafoɔ abibifoɔ no, nanso antumi annyina. Nsesaeɛ mmerɛ no baa awieɛ wɔ 1877 mu, a wɔanni asɛm a ɛfa mpatadeɛ no ho dwuma. Ɛno akyi no, [[Racial segregation in the United States|mpaapaemu]] ne nhyɛsos kuo bi a wɔhyɛɛ da teeɛ sɔree wɔ Anaafoɔ aman no mu. Wɔhyɛɛ [[Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow mmara ahodoɔ]] no wɔ Anaafoɔfam Apuei aman bi mu de hyɛɛ pɛyɛ a enni hɔ dada a nkoasom de baeɛ no mu den. Afei nso, aborɔfo kuo ahodoɔ a wɔyɛ katee te sɛ [[Ku Klux Klan]] de wɔn ho hyɛɛ amumuyɛsɛm ho ɔsatuo kɛseɛ bi mu wɔ Anaafoɔ Apuei fam nyinaa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛka Amerikafoɔ Abibifoɔ no gyinabea wɔ ɔman no mu ahyɛ. Mfeɛ du pii akyi no, asɛnnibea gyinaɛsie bebree buu ntɛnkyea faa saa nsɛm yi ho, na wobuu wɔn ani guu pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ a ɛnni hɔ no so, na wɔgyee ho akyinnyeɛ wɔ badwa mu kasaeɛ mu. Wɔ asɛm bi a ɛyɛ nwanwa mu no, kane akoa bi a wɔfrɛ no [[Henrietta Wood]] de asɛm kɔdanee asɛnnibea sɛ wɔmma no mpatadeɛ, berɛ a wɔkyeree no firii [[Ohio]] mantam a ahofadie wo mu no mu, na wɔtɔnee no kɔɔ nkoasom mu wɔ [[Mississippi]] akyi no . Amerika Ɔmanko no akyi no, wɔgyaee no, na ɔsane kɔɔ [[Cincinnati]], faako a odii nkonim wɔ n’asɛm no mu wɔ [[Federal judiciary of the United States|aban asennibea]] wɔ afe 1878 mu, na onyaa $2,500 wɔ mpatadeɛ mu. Ɛwom sɛ saa atemmuo yi ho asɛm trɛ kɔɔ ɔman no afanan nyinaa deɛ, nanso ankanyan akokoduro biara sɛ wɔbɛfa saa ɔkwan yi so wɔ nsɛm foforɔ a ɛte saa ara no ho. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> === Nsiesie Mmerɛ No Akyi === Wɔ afe 1896 mu no, wɔhyehyɛɛ [[National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty and Pension Association]] (MRB&PA) a atirimpɔ no ne sɛ wobenya pɛnhyen sika ama kane nkoa afiri aban no hɔ sɛ akatua wɔ wɔn adwuma ne wɔn amanehunu ho. Wɔde ahyehyɛde no sii hɔ wɔ 1898 mu wɔ Nashville, Tennessee, na kane nkoa [[Callie House]] ne Isaiah H. Dickerson na wɔhyehyɛeɛ. Sɛnea abakɔsɛm atwerɛfoɔ binom kyerɛ no, na ahyehyɛdeɛ no ne “kuo a edi kan a wɔde tua nnipa pii ka a Amerikafoɔ a wɔyɛ abibifoɔ di anim.” <ref>Berry, Mary Frances (2005). ''[[iarchive:myfaceisblackist00berr/page/230|My Face Is Black Is True]]''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 230, 4. {{ISBN|1-4000-4003-5}}.</ref> Wɔde atorɔ ne nsɛmmɔne ho soboɔ bɔɔ kuo no ne n’akannifoɔ no kosii sɛ wɔtoo wɔn dwumadibea a etwa toɔ no mu wɔ afe 1930 mu. Wɔ 1915 mu, wɔ Callie House akannie ase no, fekuo no de kwaadubɔ asɛm, [[Johnson v. McAdoo]], a etia U.S. Sikakorabea Dwumadibea no kɔɔ aban asennibea de gyee dɔla ɔpepem aduosia nwɔtwe (68 million dollars). Ná dɔla ɔpepem aduosia nwɔtwe no yɛ asaawa toɔ dodoɔ a wogyeɛ wɔ afe 1862 ne afe 1868 ntam. Na wɔkyerɛ sɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde saa sika bɔtene no ma wɔn a wɔde asɛm no kɔdan asɛnnibea no, efiri sɛ wɔne wɔn nananom na wɔyɛɛ saa asaawa dodoɔ yi ho adwuma wɔ nkoasom a na emfiri wɔn pɛ mu. Wei ne Abibifoɔ akatua ho asɛm a edi kan a wɔtwerɛɛ ho asɛm kɔɔ U.S. aban mu. U.S. Asɛnnibea a wɔde asɛm kɔdan wɔn wɔ Columbia Mantam mu no gyinaa aban ahobammɔ so poo asɛm no sɛnea U.S. Asɛnnibea Kunini no yɛeɛ no, na ɛdii Columbia Asɛnnibea no gyinaesie no akyi. <ref>Booker Perry, Miranda (Summer 2010). [https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2010/summer/slave-pension.html "No Pensions for Ex-Slaves: How Federal Agencies Suppressed Movement to Aid Freedpeople"]. ''Prologue Magazine''. Vol. 42, no. 2. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved 2 May 2021.</ref> === 2020 === Asɛm no bɛyɛɛ asɛm titire wɔ [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020 Democratic Party frankaatufoɔ abatoɔ no mu]] <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> berɛ a na dadwene a ɛfa abibifoɔ ho no yɛɛ kɛse esiane nsɛm a na ɛresisi mprempren no nti. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Asɛm no yɛɛ kɛse bio esiane sɛ na Afrikafoɔ-Amerikafoɔ rewu atɔfowuo esiane [[COVID-19]] ɔyaredɔm no nti. Nhyehyɛeɛ mu nyiyimu a na ɛkɔ so, ne polisifoɔ atirimɔdensɛm nso maa abufuo baa ɔman no mu nyinaa, ne titire ne [[Killing of Breonna Taylor|Breonna Taylor]], [[African Americans|Afrikani-Amerikani]] [[Emergency medical technician|dɔkotani]] a wadi mfe 26 a [[Louisville Metro Police Department|Louisville Metro Polisifoɔ Dwumadibea]] too tuo kum no wɔ ne fie no; [[Murder of Ahmaud Arbery|Ahmaud Arbery, a aborɔfo mmiensa too no tuo kum no wɔ Georgia, berɛ a ɔkɔɔ abɔntene sɛ ɔrekɔtu mmirika kakraa]]; ne [[Murder of George Floyd|George Floyd]], Amerikani Bibini a wokum no berɛ a [[Minneapolis]] polisifoɔ kyeree no sɛ ɔde dɔla aduonu ($20) sika [[Counterfeit money|a ɛnyɛ papa]] adi nsawɔsoɔ, a ɛmaa ɔyɛkyerɛ kɛseɛ (George Floyd Ɔyɛkyerɛ) sɔreɛ wɔ ɔman no mu nyinaa . <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Apawfoɔ a wɔfoaa saa adwene no so no bi ne: 7yin9g8i31yxk6q5sbz8aeh7vbid4qv 0 17391 190811 2025-06-23T05:05:16Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 Created page with " Wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde amammerɛ ho agyapade a wɔtaa ka ho asɛm sɛ tete nneɛma anaa adwinni bi a wɔawia no san kɔma wɔn man anaa wɔn a na wɔyɛ wɔn dea (anaa wɔn adedifo) no. Amanne mu agyapade a ɛyɛ akyinnyegye no yɛ honam fam nneɛma a kuw bi anaa nnipa bi de agyaw kuw foforo, a mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ no basabasayɛ kwan so, sɛ́ ebia ɛyɛ ahemman mu, amammerɛ mu, anaa ɔko kwan so. Nneɛma a wɔsɔre tia no gu ahorow pii na ebi ne ahoni, mfonini, nkaedum..." 190811 wikitext text/x-wiki Wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde amammerɛ ho agyapade a wɔtaa ka ho asɛm sɛ tete nneɛma anaa adwinni bi a wɔawia no san kɔma wɔn man anaa wɔn a na wɔyɛ wɔn dea (anaa wɔn adedifo) no. Amanne mu agyapade a ɛyɛ akyinnyegye no yɛ honam fam nneɛma a kuw bi anaa nnipa bi de agyaw kuw foforo, a mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ no basabasayɛ kwan so, sɛ́ ebia ɛyɛ ahemman mu, amammerɛ mu, anaa ɔko kwan so. Nneɛma a wɔsɔre tia no gu ahorow pii na ebi ne ahoni, mfonini, nkaedum, nneɛma te sɛ nnwinnade anaa akode a wɔde yɛ anthropological adesua, ne nnipa nkae. Efi tete mmere mu no, wɔtaa de akodi sɛe nnipa a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim no amammerɛ. Wɔ ɛnnɛ mmere yi mu no, Napoleonfo a wɔfow adwinne no yɛ nnwinne ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo anaa aban mpanyimfo sisii no. 1] Bere a Napoleon dii nkogu no, wɔde nnwinne a wɔfow no bi san kɔɔ wɔn man mu, sɛnea Paris Apam no kyerɛ no. Wɔn mu bi ne Saint Mark Apɔnkɔ no a wɔsan de wɔn kɔɔ Venice no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 21 no mfiase no, nsɛm a ɛfa nnommumfa a na ɛwɔ hɔ bere a na Atɔe fam nnwumakuw retɔn nneɛma no ho no de akyinnyegye a ɛne sɛ wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔsan de nkurɔfo ba wɔn man mu ne nea wɔpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nyinaa bae. Efi bere a wɔtintimii Franse amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa Afrika amammerɛ agyapadeɛ a wɔde bɛsan ama no wɔ afe 2018 mu no, nsɛm a wɔdwennwenee yi anya amanaman ntam adwene foforo, na ɛde nsakrae aba wɔ tete nneɛma akorae no dwumadi mu, na wɔde nneɛma a wɔde bɛsan ama no no gyina abrabɔ pa so na ɛnyɛ mmara so kɛkɛ. 2] == Atirimpɔw == === Ɔko ne asisi === === Tete wiase === Efi teteete nyinaa na akodi ne aman a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim a wɔsɛe wɔn nneɛma wɔ hɔ. Ɔhene Naram-Sin a ofi Akkad no nkaedum a seesei ɛda adi wɔ Louvre Tete Nneɛma Akorae wɔ Paris no yɛ tete nneɛma a wonim sɛ wɔfow wɔ ɔko mu no mu biako. Naram-Sin nkonimdi wɔ ɔko a ɔne Lullubifo koe wɔ 2250 A.Y.B. mu no ho nkaedum a wɔde kae no bɛyɛ mfe apem akyi no, Elamfo a wɔtwee no kɔɔ wɔn ahenkurow Susa, Iran no faa no sɛ akodi mu nneɛma. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu wɔ France no huu no wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 1898 mu. 3] Palladion yɛ ahoni a wɔwiaa no kan na ebia ɛno na ɛho hia sen biara wɔ atɔe fam nkyerɛwee mu. 4] Atena a na ɔkura akode a wɔde nnua ayɛ a wɔatwa no dua ho ahoni ketewa no yɛɛ adwuma sɛ Troy ho banbɔfo, a wɔka sɛ Helafo baanu bi a wɔde ahoni no fii Atena Asɔredan mu wɔ kokoam no wiawiaa no. Ná tetefo pii gye di sɛ esiane sɛ na kurow no agyapade a ɛbɔ ho ban no afi hɔ nti na wobetumi adi Troy so nkonim. Saa anansesɛm yi kyerɛ sɛnea na ahoni a wɔde yɛ asɔredan wɔ tete Greece no yɛ anyame a wɔda wɔn tumi adi na na wogye di sɛ wɔwɔ tumi bi a ɛboro nnipa de so no. Wɔda ahoni no kronkronyɛ adi wɔ amanehunu a wɔkae sɛ Helafo a wodii nkonim no huu akyiri yi no mu, a Odysseus a na ɔyɛ awi no akyi ɔbenfo no ka ho. 4] === Napoleon Ahemman no mu asisi === Napoleon nnwumakuw a na wɔtow nnwinnade gu no yɛ nnwinnade ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo, anaa aban mpanyimfo, a na wɔwɔ France Ahemman a edi kan no mu, a na Italia nsasepɔn, Spain, Portugal, Low Countries, ne Europa Mfinimfini no ka ho no, sisii. Na ahodwiriw no yɛ ade a ɛsen biara wɔ nnɛyi abakɔsɛm mu, na ɛno nkutoo ne ahodwiriw akwantu a ɛbaa tete Roma abakɔsɛm mu. 11] Nokwarem no, Franse atuatewfo no kyerɛe sɛ 1796 mu no, na wɔyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wɔtow hyɛ Italy so, na wɔfaa ɔkwan a ɛte saa so hwɛɛ wɔn ho sɛ Roma amammuifo, sɛnea tete Romafo no hwɛɛ wɔn ho sɛ Hela amammerɛ no adedifo no. [ 12] Wɔsan nso de adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔn ani a ɛkyere adeyɛ mu no bɛma wɔn ani agye adwinni a wɔawia no ho. [ 12] Napoleon asraafo no sɛee mfonini no koraa denam mfonini ahorow a wotwitwaa mu fii asɔredan ahorow mu no a ɛtɔ mmere bi a na wɔsɛe no bere a wɔretwam no so. Napoleon asraafo no faa nneɛma a na wɔaboaboa ano a na ɛyɛ ankorankoro de no, na wɔfaa nea na ɛyɛ pope no de no nso.[ 13] Mfonini ahorow a agye din paa a wɔfow no bi ne Dwetɛ Apɔnkɔ a wɔato din Saint Mark a ɛwɔ Venice (a wɔfow no wɔ Constantinople wɔ 1204 mu) ne Laocoön ne Ne Mma a wɔwɔ Rome (a wɔsan de wɔn baanu nyinaa bae), na afei wobu nea otwa to no sɛ ahoni a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara. 03qonq6n11hrh9oeetv5a2c5vxzrscz 190812 190811 2025-06-23T05:10:37Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 190812 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' Wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde amammerɛ ho agyapade a wɔtaa ka ho asɛm sɛ tete nneɛma anaa adwinni bi a wɔawia no san kɔma wɔn man anaa wɔn a na wɔyɛ wɔn dea (anaa wɔn adedifo) no. Amanne mu agyapade a ɛyɛ akyinnyegye no yɛ honam fam nneɛma a kuw bi anaa nnipa bi de agyaw kuw foforo, a mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ no basabasayɛ kwan so, sɛ́ ebia ɛyɛ ahemman mu, amammerɛ mu, anaa ɔko kwan so. Nneɛma a wɔsɔre tia no gu ahorow pii na ebi ne ahoni, mfonini, nkaedum, nneɛma te sɛ nnwinnade anaa akode a wɔde yɛ anthropological adesua, ne nnipa nkae. Efi tete mmere mu no, wɔtaa de akodi sɛe nnipa a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim no amammerɛ. Wɔ ɛnnɛ mmere yi mu no, Napoleonfo a wɔfow adwinne no yɛ nnwinne ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo anaa aban mpanyimfo sisii no. 1] Bere a Napoleon dii nkogu no, wɔde nnwinne a wɔfow no bi san kɔɔ wɔn man mu, sɛnea Paris Apam no kyerɛ no. Wɔn mu bi ne Saint Mark Apɔnkɔ no a wɔsan de wɔn kɔɔ Venice no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 21 no mfiase no, nsɛm a ɛfa nnommumfa a na ɛwɔ hɔ bere a na Atɔe fam nnwumakuw retɔn nneɛma no ho no de akyinnyegye a ɛne sɛ wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔsan de nkurɔfo ba wɔn man mu ne nea wɔpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nyinaa bae. Efi bere a wɔtintimii Franse amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa Afrika amammerɛ agyapadeɛ a wɔde bɛsan ama no wɔ afe 2018 mu no, nsɛm a wɔdwennwenee yi anya amanaman ntam adwene foforo, na ɛde nsakrae aba wɔ tete nneɛma akorae no dwumadi mu, na wɔde nneɛma a wɔde bɛsan ama no no gyina abrabɔ pa so na ɛnyɛ mmara so kɛkɛ. 2] == Atirimpɔw == === Ɔko ne asisi === === Tete wiase === Efi teteete nyinaa na akodi ne aman a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim a wɔsɛe wɔn nneɛma wɔ hɔ. Ɔhene Naram-Sin a ofi Akkad no nkaedum a seesei ɛda adi wɔ Louvre Tete Nneɛma Akorae wɔ Paris no yɛ tete nneɛma a wonim sɛ wɔfow wɔ ɔko mu no mu biako. Naram-Sin nkonimdi wɔ ɔko a ɔne Lullubifo koe wɔ 2250 A.Y.B. mu no ho nkaedum a wɔde kae no bɛyɛ mfe apem akyi no, Elamfo a wɔtwee no kɔɔ wɔn ahenkurow Susa, Iran no faa no sɛ akodi mu nneɛma. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu wɔ France no huu no wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 1898 mu. 3] Palladion yɛ ahoni a wɔwiaa no kan na ebia ɛno na ɛho hia sen biara wɔ atɔe fam nkyerɛwee mu. 4] Atena a na ɔkura akode a wɔde nnua ayɛ a wɔatwa no dua ho ahoni ketewa no yɛɛ adwuma sɛ Troy ho banbɔfo, a wɔka sɛ Helafo baanu bi a wɔde ahoni no fii Atena Asɔredan mu wɔ kokoam no wiawiaa no. Ná tetefo pii gye di sɛ esiane sɛ na kurow no agyapade a ɛbɔ ho ban no afi hɔ nti na wobetumi adi Troy so nkonim. Saa anansesɛm yi kyerɛ sɛnea na ahoni a wɔde yɛ asɔredan wɔ tete Greece no yɛ anyame a wɔda wɔn tumi adi na na wogye di sɛ wɔwɔ tumi bi a ɛboro nnipa de so no. Wɔda ahoni no kronkronyɛ adi wɔ amanehunu a wɔkae sɛ Helafo a wodii nkonim no huu akyiri yi no mu, a Odysseus a na ɔyɛ awi no akyi ɔbenfo no ka ho. 4] === Napoleon Ahemman no mu asisi === Napoleon nnwumakuw a na wɔtow nnwinnade gu no yɛ nnwinnade ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo, anaa aban mpanyimfo, a na wɔwɔ France Ahemman a edi kan no mu, a na Italia nsasepɔn, Spain, Portugal, Low Countries, ne Europa Mfinimfini no ka ho no, sisii. Na ahodwiriw no yɛ ade a ɛsen biara wɔ nnɛyi abakɔsɛm mu, na ɛno nkutoo ne ahodwiriw akwantu a ɛbaa tete Roma abakɔsɛm mu. 11] Nokwarem no, Franse atuatewfo no kyerɛe sɛ 1796 mu no, na wɔyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wɔtow hyɛ Italy so, na wɔfaa ɔkwan a ɛte saa so hwɛɛ wɔn ho sɛ Roma amammuifo, sɛnea tete Romafo no hwɛɛ wɔn ho sɛ Hela amammerɛ no adedifo no. [ 12] Wɔsan nso de adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔn ani a ɛkyere adeyɛ mu no bɛma wɔn ani agye adwinni a wɔawia no ho. [ 12] Napoleon asraafo no sɛee mfonini no koraa denam mfonini ahorow a wotwitwaa mu fii asɔredan ahorow mu no a ɛtɔ mmere bi a na wɔsɛe no bere a wɔretwam no so. Napoleon asraafo no faa nneɛma a na wɔaboaboa ano a na ɛyɛ ankorankoro de no, na wɔfaa nea na ɛyɛ pope no de no nso.[ 13] Mfonini ahorow a agye din paa a wɔfow no bi ne Dwetɛ Apɔnkɔ a wɔato din Saint Mark a ɛwɔ Venice (a wɔfow no wɔ Constantinople wɔ 1204 mu) ne Laocoön ne Ne Mma a wɔwɔ Rome (a wɔsan de wɔn baanu nyinaa bae), na afei wobu nea otwa to no sɛ ahoni a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara. == Mmara mu nsɛm == === Ɔman mu aban mmara === === United States === Wɔ 1863 mu no, U.S. Ɔmampanin Abraham Lincoln frɛɛ Francis Lieber, a ɔyɛ German-American mmaranimfoɔ ne amammui nyansapɛfo no sɛ ɔnkyerɛw mmara a ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛnea Union asraafo ne Confederate nneduafo, wɔn a wɔnyɛ asraafo, akwansrafo ne wɔn agyapade a wɔwɔ no bɛbɔ wɔn bra. Nea efi mu bae no ne General Orders No.100 anaa Lieber Code, a wɔagye amammerɛ ho agyapadeɛ atom sɛ biribi a wɔabɔ ho ban wɔ ɔko mu.[ 34] Lieber Mmara no nyaa nkɛntɛnso kɛse bere a ɛbɛyɛɛ nnyinaso maa Hague Apam a wɔyɛɛ no 1907 ne 1954 no, na ɛde baa Apam a Ɛwɔ hɔ Daa (Standing Rules of Engagement (ROE)) so ama U.S. asraafo nnɛ. 35] ROE nkyekyɛm no fã bi hyɛ U.S. asraafo no sɛ wɔnntow "sukuu, adan a wɔde kae ade, ɔman nkaedum, ne abakɔsɛm anaa amammerɛ mmeae foforo biara so, gye sɛ wɔde reyɛ asraafo adwuma na ɛyɛ asiane". 35] Wɔ afe 2004 mu no, U.S. penee Bill HR1047 a ɛfa Emergency Protection for Iraq Cultural Antiquities Act no so, a ɛma tumi ma Ɔmanpanyin sɛ ɔmfa Ɔmanpanyin Nhyehyɛe a Ɛfa Amammerɛ Ahonyade Ho Mmara (CCIPA) a ɛwɔ Ɔfã 204 no so mfa nneɛma a wɔde ba no ho nhyɛ mmara ase. 36] Wɔ afe 2003 mu no, Britain ne Switzerland de mmara a ɛbara Iraqifo nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no hyɛɛ mmara ase. Wɔ United Kingdom no, wɔhyehyɛɛ Dealing in Cultural Objects Bill wɔ afe 2003 mu a ɛbaraa amammerɛ ho nneɛma a mmara mma ho kwan no. == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] 80k516am5hop6rtn07by2szrbtwrah4 190813 190812 2025-06-23T05:22:02Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 190813 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' [[File:Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg|thumb|The Horses of Saint Mark; a Venice Republic sisii no wɔ Constantinople wɔ afe 1204 mu, afei Italy Ahemfo a Bonaparte dii wɔn anim wɔ afe 1797 mu, nanso wɔsan de wɔn baa Italy wɔ afe 1815 mu.]] Wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde amammerɛ ho agyapadeɛ a wɔtaa ka ho asɛm sɛ tete nnoɔma anaa adwinnie bi a wɔawia no san kɔma wɔn man anaa wɔn a na ɛyɛ wɔn dea (anaa wɔn adedifoɔ) no. Amanneɛ mu agyapadeɛ a ɛyɛ akyinnyegyeɛ no yɛ honam fam nneɛma a kuw bi anaa nnipa bi de agyaw kuw foforo, a mpɛn pii no wɔwia, sɛɛ ebia nhyɛsoɔ mu, nnisoɔ mu, anaa ɔko kwan so. Nneɛma a wɔsɔre tia no gu ahodoɔ pii na ebi ne ahoni, mfonini, nkaedum, nneɛma te sɛ nnwinnadeɛ anaa akodeɛ a wɔde yɛ anthropological adesua, ne nnipa nkae. Efi tete mmere mu no, wɔtaa de akodi sɛe nnipa a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim no amammerɛ. Wɔ ɛnnɛ mmere yi mu no, Napoleonfo a wɔfow adwinne no yɛ nnwinne ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo anaa aban mpanimfoɔ sisii no<ref>{{Citation |last=David Gilks |title=ATTITUDES TO THE DISPLACEMENT OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE WARS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON |date=2013-03 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0018246X12000453/type/journal_article |work=The Historical Journal |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=113–143 |language=en |doi=10.1017/S0018246X12000453 |issn=0018-246X |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Berɛ a Napoleon dii nkoguo no, wɔde nnwinneɛ a wɔfomm no bi san kɔɔ wɔn man mu, sɛnea [[Paris]] Apam no kyerɛ no. Wɔn mu bi ne Saint Mark Apɔnkɔ no a wɔsan de wɔn kɔɔ Venice no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 21 no mfitiase no, nsɛm a ɛfa nnommumfa a na ɛwɔ hɔ berɛ a na Atɔeɛ fam nnwumakuo retɔn nneɛma no ho no de akyinnyegye a ɛne sɛ wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔsan de nkurɔfo ba wɔn man mu ne nea wɔpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nyinaa bae. Ɛfiri berɛ a wɔtintimii Franse amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa Afrika amammerɛ agyapadeɛ a wɔde bɛsan ama no wɔ afe 2018 mu no, nsɛm a wɔdwennwenee yi anya amanaman ntam adwene foforo, na ɛde nsakrae aba wɔ tete nneɛma akorae no dwumadie mu, na wɔde nneɛma a wɔde bɛsan ama no no gyina abrabɔ pa so na ɛnyɛ mmara so kɛkɛ<ref>{{Citation |last=Emilie Goudal |title=Dan Hicks, The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution |date=2021-07-08 |url=https://doi.org/10.4000/critiquedart.78098 |work=Critique d’art |doi=10.4000/critiquedart.78098 |issn=1246-8258 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. == Ɛho nsɛm == === Ɔko ne asisi === [[File:Victory_stele_of_Naram_Sin_9066.jpg|thumb|Naram-Sin nkonimdie nkaedum, Akkadian Ahene abusua, Naram-Sin nniso (2254 - 2218 BC). Louvre, wɔ Paris.]] === Tete wiase === Ɛfri teteete nyinaa na akodie ne aman a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim a wɔsɛe wɔn nneɛma wɔ hɔ. Ɔhene Naram-Sin a ofi Akkad no nkaedum a seesei ɛda adi wɔ Louvre Tete Nneɛma Akorae wɔ Paris no yɛ tete nneɛma a wonim sɛ wɔfow wɔ ɔko mu no mu biako. Naram-Sin nkonimdi wɔ ɔko a ɔne Lullubifo koe wɔ 2250 A.Y.B. mu no ho nkaedum a wɔde kae no bɛyɛ mfe apem akyi no, Elamfo a wɔtwee no kɔɔ wɔn ahenkurow Susa, Iran no faa no sɛ akodi mu nneɛma. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefoɔ nneɛma mu wɔ France no huu no wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 1898 mu<ref>{{Citation |last=Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault |title=10. Changing gods at Qasr Shemamok: Local cults and the Assyrian Empire at the beginning of the Iron Age |date=2024-12-31 |url=https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479834648.003.0014 |work=Ancient Western Asia Beyond the Paradigm of Collapse and Regeneration (1200-900 BCE) |pages=251–276 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-1-4798-3464-8 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Palladion yɛ ahoni a wɔwiaa no kan na ebia ɛno na ɛho hia sen biara wɔ atɔe fam nkyerɛwee mu<ref>{{Citation |title=Kington, Captain William Miles, (25 April 1876–20 Oct. 1914), Royal Welch Fusiliers |date=2007-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u187849 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Atena a na ɔkura akodeɛ a wɔde nnua ayɛ a wɔatwa no dua ho ahoni ketewa no yɛɛ adwuma sɛ Troy ho banbɔfoɔ, a wɔka sɛ Helafoɔ baanu bi a wɔde ahoni no fii Atena Asɔredan mu wɔ kokoam no wiawiaa no. Ná tetefo pii gye di sɛ esiane sɛ na kurow no agyapade a ɛbɔ ho ban no afi hɔ nti na wobetumi adi Troy so nkonim. Saa anansesɛm yi kyerɛ sɛnea na ahoni a wɔde yɛ asɔredan wɔ tete Greece no yɛ anyame a wɔda wɔn tumi adi na na wogye di sɛ wɔwɔ tumi bi a ɛboro nnipa de so no. Wɔda ahoni no kronkronyɛ adi wɔ amanehunu a wɔkae sɛ Helafo a wodii nkonim no huu akyiri yi no mu, a Odysseus a na ɔyɛ awi no akyi ɔbenfo no ka ho. 4] === Napoleon Ahemman no mu asisi === Napoleon nnwumakuw a na wɔtow nnwinnade gu no yɛ nnwinnade ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo, anaa aban mpanyimfo, a na wɔwɔ France Ahemman a edi kan no mu, a na Italia nsasepɔn, Spain, Portugal, Low Countries, ne Europa Mfinimfini no ka ho no, sisii. Na ahodwiriw no yɛ ade a ɛsen biara wɔ nnɛyi abakɔsɛm mu, na ɛno nkutoo ne ahodwiriw akwantu a ɛbaa tete Roma abakɔsɛm mu. 11] Nokwarem no, Franse atuatewfo no kyerɛe sɛ 1796 mu no, na wɔyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wɔtow hyɛ Italy so, na wɔfaa ɔkwan a ɛte saa so hwɛɛ wɔn ho sɛ Roma amammuifo, sɛnea tete Romafo no hwɛɛ wɔn ho sɛ Hela amammerɛ no adedifo no. [ 12] Wɔsan nso de adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔn ani a ɛkyere adeyɛ mu no bɛma wɔn ani agye adwinni a wɔawia no ho. [ 12] Napoleon asraafo no sɛee mfonini no koraa denam mfonini ahorow a wotwitwaa mu fii asɔredan ahorow mu no a ɛtɔ mmere bi a na wɔsɛe no bere a wɔretwam no so. Napoleon asraafo no faa nneɛma a na wɔaboaboa ano a na ɛyɛ ankorankoro de no, na wɔfaa nea na ɛyɛ pope no de no nso.[ 13] Mfonini ahorow a agye din paa a wɔfow no bi ne Dwetɛ Apɔnkɔ a wɔato din Saint Mark a ɛwɔ Venice (a wɔfow no wɔ Constantinople wɔ 1204 mu) ne Laocoön ne Ne Mma a wɔwɔ Rome (a wɔsan de wɔn baanu nyinaa bae), na afei wobu nea otwa to no sɛ ahoni a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara. == Mmara mu nsɛm == === Ɔman mu aban mmara === === United States === Wɔ 1863 mu no, U.S. Ɔmampanin Abraham Lincoln frɛɛ Francis Lieber, a ɔyɛ German-American mmaranimfoɔ ne amammui nyansapɛfo no sɛ ɔnkyerɛw mmara a ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛnea Union asraafo ne Confederate nneduafo, wɔn a wɔnyɛ asraafo, akwansrafo ne wɔn agyapade a wɔwɔ no bɛbɔ wɔn bra. Nea efi mu bae no ne General Orders No.100 anaa Lieber Code, a wɔagye amammerɛ ho agyapadeɛ atom sɛ biribi a wɔabɔ ho ban wɔ ɔko mu.[ 34] Lieber Mmara no nyaa nkɛntɛnso kɛse bere a ɛbɛyɛɛ nnyinaso maa Hague Apam a wɔyɛɛ no 1907 ne 1954 no, na ɛde baa Apam a Ɛwɔ hɔ Daa (Standing Rules of Engagement (ROE)) so ama U.S. asraafo nnɛ. 35] ROE nkyekyɛm no fã bi hyɛ U.S. asraafo no sɛ wɔnntow "sukuu, adan a wɔde kae ade, ɔman nkaedum, ne abakɔsɛm anaa amammerɛ mmeae foforo biara so, gye sɛ wɔde reyɛ asraafo adwuma na ɛyɛ asiane". 35] Wɔ afe 2004 mu no, U.S. penee Bill HR1047 a ɛfa Emergency Protection for Iraq Cultural Antiquities Act no so, a ɛma tumi ma Ɔmanpanyin sɛ ɔmfa Ɔmanpanyin Nhyehyɛe a Ɛfa Amammerɛ Ahonyade Ho Mmara (CCIPA) a ɛwɔ Ɔfã 204 no so mfa nneɛma a wɔde ba no ho nhyɛ mmara ase. 36] Wɔ afe 2003 mu no, Britain ne Switzerland de mmara a ɛbara Iraqifo nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no hyɛɛ mmara ase. Wɔ United Kingdom no, wɔhyehyɛɛ Dealing in Cultural Objects Bill wɔ afe 2003 mu a ɛbaraa amammerɛ ho nneɛma a mmara mma ho kwan no. == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] b1glsj0gtgipacbbtpcw85f70edfli8 190814 190813 2025-06-23T05:39:13Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 190814 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' [[File:Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg|thumb|The Horses of Saint Mark; a Venice Republic sisii no wɔ Constantinople wɔ afe 1204 mu, afei Italy Ahemfo a Bonaparte dii wɔn anim wɔ afe 1797 mu, nanso wɔsan de wɔn baa Italy wɔ afe 1815 mu.]] Wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde amammerɛ ho agyapadeɛ a wɔtaa ka ho asɛm sɛ tete nnoɔma anaa adwinnie bi a wɔawia no san kɔma wɔn man anaa wɔn a na ɛyɛ wɔn dea (anaa wɔn adedifoɔ) no. Amanneɛ mu agyapadeɛ a ɛyɛ akyinnyegyeɛ no yɛ honam fam nneɛma a kuw bi anaa nnipa bi de agyaw kuw foforo, a mpɛn pii no wɔwia, sɛɛ ebia nhyɛsoɔ mu, nnisoɔ mu, anaa ɔko kwan so. Nneɛma a wɔsɔre tia no gu ahodoɔ pii na ebi ne ahoni, mfonini, nkaedum, nneɛma te sɛ nnwinnadeɛ anaa akodeɛ a wɔde yɛ anthropological adesua, ne nnipa nkae. Efi tete mmere mu no, wɔtaa de akodi sɛe nnipa a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim no amammerɛ. Wɔ ɛnnɛ mmere yi mu no, Napoleonfo a wɔfow adwinne no yɛ nnwinne ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo anaa aban mpanimfoɔ sisii no<ref>{{Citation |last=David Gilks |title=ATTITUDES TO THE DISPLACEMENT OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE WARS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON |date=2013-03 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0018246X12000453/type/journal_article |work=The Historical Journal |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=113–143 |language=en |doi=10.1017/S0018246X12000453 |issn=0018-246X |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Berɛ a Napoleon dii nkoguo no, wɔde nnwinneɛ a wɔfomm no bi san kɔɔ wɔn man mu, sɛnea [[Paris]] Apam no kyerɛ no. Wɔn mu bi ne Saint Mark Apɔnkɔ no a wɔsan de wɔn kɔɔ Venice no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 21 no mfitiase no, nsɛm a ɛfa nnommumfa a na ɛwɔ hɔ berɛ a na Atɔeɛ fam nnwumakuo retɔn nneɛma no ho no de akyinnyegye a ɛne sɛ wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔsan de nkurɔfo ba wɔn man mu ne nea wɔpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nyinaa bae. Ɛfiri berɛ a wɔtintimii Franse amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa Afrika amammerɛ agyapadeɛ a wɔde bɛsan ama no wɔ afe 2018 mu no, nsɛm a wɔdwennwenee yi anya amanaman ntam adwene foforo, na ɛde nsakrae aba wɔ tete nneɛma akorae no dwumadie mu, na wɔde nneɛma a wɔde bɛsan ama no no gyina abrabɔ pa so na ɛnyɛ mmara so kɛkɛ<ref>{{Citation |last=Emilie Goudal |title=Dan Hicks, The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution |date=2021-07-08 |url=https://doi.org/10.4000/critiquedart.78098 |work=Critique d’art |doi=10.4000/critiquedart.78098 |issn=1246-8258 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. == Ɛho nsɛm == === Ɔko ne asisi === [[File:Victory_stele_of_Naram_Sin_9066.jpg|thumb|Naram-Sin nkonimdie nkaedum, Akkadian Ahene abusua, Naram-Sin nniso (2254 - 2218 BC). Louvre, wɔ Paris.]] === Tete wiase === Ɛfri teteete nyinaa na akodie ne aman a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim a wɔsɛe wɔn nneɛma wɔ hɔ. Ɔhene Naram-Sin a ofi Akkad no nkaedum a seesei ɛda adi wɔ Louvre Tete Nneɛma Akorae wɔ Paris no yɛ tete nneɛma a wonim sɛ wɔfow wɔ ɔko mu no mu biako. Naram-Sin nkonimdi wɔ ɔko a ɔne Lullubifo koe wɔ 2250 A.Y.B. mu no ho nkaedum a wɔde kae no bɛyɛ mfe apem akyi no, Elamfo a wɔtwee no kɔɔ wɔn ahenkurow Susa, Iran no faa no sɛ akodi mu nneɛma. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefoɔ nneɛma mu wɔ France no huu no wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 1898 mu<ref>{{Citation |last=Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault |title=10. Changing gods at Qasr Shemamok: Local cults and the Assyrian Empire at the beginning of the Iron Age |date=2024-12-31 |url=https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479834648.003.0014 |work=Ancient Western Asia Beyond the Paradigm of Collapse and Regeneration (1200-900 BCE) |pages=251–276 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-1-4798-3464-8 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Palladion yɛ ahoni a wɔwiaa no kan na ebia ɛno na ɛho hia sen biara wɔ atɔe fam nkyerɛwee mu<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Kington, Captain William Miles, (25 April 1876–20 Oct. 1914), Royal Welch Fusiliers |date=2007-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u187849 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Atena a na ɔkura akodeɛ a wɔde nnua ayɛ a wɔatwa no dua ho ahoni ketewa no yɛɛ adwuma sɛ Troy ho banbɔfoɔ, a wɔka sɛ Helafoɔ baanu bi a wɔde ahoni no fii Atena Asɔredan mu wɔ kokoam no wiawiaa no. Ná tetefo pii gye di sɛ esiane sɛ na kurow no agyapade a ɛbɔ ho ban no afi hɔ nti na wobetumi adi Troy so nkonim. Saa anansesɛm yi kyerɛ sɛnea na ahoni a wɔde yɛ asɔredan wɔ tete Greece no yɛ anyame a wɔda wɔn tumi adi na na wogye di sɛ wɔwɔ tumi bi a ɛboro nnipa de so no. Wɔda ahoni no kronkronyɛ adi wɔ amanehunu a wɔkae sɛ Helafoɔ a wodii nkonim no huu akyiri yi no mu, a Odysseus a na ɔyɛ awi no taa akyi no ka ho<ref name=":0" />. === Napoleon Ahemman no mu asisi === Napoleon nnwumakuo a na wɔto nnwinnadeɛ gu no yɛ nnwinnadeɛ ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo, anaa aban mpanimfoɔ, a na wɔwɔ France Ahemman a edi kan no mu, a na [[Italy|Italy nsasepɔn]], [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], Low Countries, ne Europa Mfinimfini no ka ho no, sisii. Na ahodwiri no yɛ ade a ɛsen biara wɔ nnɛyi abakɔsɛm mu, na ɛno nkutoo ne ahodwiriw akwantu a ɛbaa tete Roma abakɔsɛm mu<ref>{{Citation |last=Antony Spawforth |title=Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus, Marcus |date=2015-12-22 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1633 |work=Oxford Classical Dictionary |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1633 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Nokwarem no, [[Franse]] atuatefoɔ no kyerɛe sɛ wɔ afe 1796 mu no, na wɔyɛ adeɛ a ɛfata sɛ wɔto hyɛ Italy so, na wɔfaa ɔkwan a ɛte saa so sɛ wɔbɛdi Romanfoɔ so, sɛnea tete Romafo no hwɛɛ wɔn ho sɛ Hela amammerɛ no adedifo no<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=MILES BRENNAN, UTE HOCHGESCHWENDER |title=In defence of curiosity |date=1986-04-24 |url=https://doi.org/10.1038/320676c0 |work=Nature |volume=320 |issue=6064 |pages=676–676 |doi=10.1038/320676c0 |issn=0028-0836 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔsan nso de adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔn ani a ɛkyere adeyɛ mu no bɛma wɔn ani agye adwinni a wɔawia no ho<ref name=":1" />. Napoleon asraafo no sɛee mfonini no koraa denam mfonini ahorow a wotwitwaa mu fii asɔredan ahorow mu no a ɛtɔ mmere bi a na wɔsɛe no bere a wɔretwam no so. Napoleon asraafo no faa nneɛma a na wɔaboaboa ano a na ɛyɛ ankorankoro de no, na wɔfaa nea na ɛyɛ pope no de no nso<ref>{{Citation |last=Richard Cook |title=Outro: Goodbye, Miles 1991 |date=1997-01-29 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195322668.003.0016 |work=It’s About That Time |pages=321–328 |publisher=Oxford University PressNew York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-532266-8 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Mfonini ahorow a agye din paa a wɔfow no bi ne Dwetɛ Apɔnkɔ a wɔato din Saint Mark a ɛwɔ Venice (a wɔfow no wɔ Constantinople wɔ 1204 mu) ne Laocoön ne Ne Mma a wɔwɔ Rome (a wɔsan de wɔn baanu nyinaa bae), na afei wobu nea otwa to no sɛ ahoni a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara. == Mmara mu nsɛm == === Ɔman mu aban mmara === === United States === Wɔ 1863 mu no, U.S. Ɔmampanin Abraham Lincoln frɛɛ Francis Lieber, a ɔyɛ German-American mmaranimfoɔ ne amammui nyansapɛfo no sɛ ɔnkyerɛw mmara a ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛnea Union asraafo ne Confederate nneduafo, wɔn a wɔnyɛ asraafo, akwansrafo ne wɔn agyapade a wɔwɔ no bɛbɔ wɔn bra. Nea efi mu bae no ne General Orders No.100 anaa Lieber Code, a wɔagye amammerɛ ho agyapadeɛ atom sɛ biribi a wɔabɔ ho ban wɔ ɔko mu.[ 34] Lieber Mmara no nyaa nkɛntɛnso kɛse bere a ɛbɛyɛɛ nnyinaso maa Hague Apam a wɔyɛɛ no 1907 ne 1954 no, na ɛde baa Apam a Ɛwɔ hɔ Daa (Standing Rules of Engagement (ROE)) so ama U.S. asraafo nnɛ. 35] ROE nkyekyɛm no fã bi hyɛ U.S. asraafo no sɛ wɔnntow "sukuu, adan a wɔde kae ade, ɔman nkaedum, ne abakɔsɛm anaa amammerɛ mmeae foforo biara so, gye sɛ wɔde reyɛ asraafo adwuma na ɛyɛ asiane". 35] Wɔ afe 2004 mu no, U.S. penee Bill HR1047 a ɛfa Emergency Protection for Iraq Cultural Antiquities Act no so, a ɛma tumi ma Ɔmanpanyin sɛ ɔmfa Ɔmanpanyin Nhyehyɛe a Ɛfa Amammerɛ Ahonyade Ho Mmara (CCIPA) a ɛwɔ Ɔfã 204 no so mfa nneɛma a wɔde ba no ho nhyɛ mmara ase. 36] Wɔ afe 2003 mu no, Britain ne Switzerland de mmara a ɛbara Iraqifo nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no hyɛɛ mmara ase. Wɔ United Kingdom no, wɔhyehyɛɛ Dealing in Cultural Objects Bill wɔ afe 2003 mu a ɛbaraa amammerɛ ho nneɛma a mmara mma ho kwan no. == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] 1ri19wmvp40fx3gcb6dtvwbtdr24rq7 190815 190814 2025-06-23T05:56:45Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 190815 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' [[File:Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg|thumb|The Horses of Saint Mark; a Venice Republic sisii no wɔ Constantinople wɔ afe 1204 mu, afei Italy Ahemfo a Bonaparte dii wɔn anim wɔ afe 1797 mu, nanso wɔsan de wɔn baa Italy wɔ afe 1815 mu.]] Wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔde amammerɛ ho agyapadeɛ a wɔtaa ka ho asɛm sɛ tete nnoɔma anaa adwinnie bi a wɔawia no san kɔma wɔn man anaa wɔn a na ɛyɛ wɔn dea (anaa wɔn adedifoɔ) no. Amanneɛ mu agyapadeɛ a ɛyɛ akyinnyegyeɛ no yɛ honam fam nneɛma a kuw bi anaa nnipa bi de agyaw kuw foforo, a mpɛn pii no wɔwia, sɛɛ ebia nhyɛsoɔ mu, nnisoɔ mu, anaa ɔko kwan so. Nneɛma a wɔsɔre tia no gu ahodoɔ pii na ebi ne ahoni, mfonini, nkaedum, nneɛma te sɛ nnwinnadeɛ anaa akodeɛ a wɔde yɛ anthropological adesua, ne nnipa nkae. Efi tete mmere mu no, wɔtaa de akodi sɛe nnipa a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim no amammerɛ. Wɔ ɛnnɛ mmere yi mu no, Napoleonfo a wɔfow adwinne no yɛ nnwinne ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo anaa aban mpanimfoɔ sisii no<ref>{{Citation |last=David Gilks |title=ATTITUDES TO THE DISPLACEMENT OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE WARS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON |date=2013-03 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0018246X12000453/type/journal_article |work=The Historical Journal |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=113–143 |language=en |doi=10.1017/S0018246X12000453 |issn=0018-246X |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Berɛ a Napoleon dii nkoguo no, wɔde nnwinneɛ a wɔfomm no bi san kɔɔ wɔn man mu, sɛnea [[Paris]] Apam no kyerɛ no. Wɔn mu bi ne Saint Mark Apɔnkɔ no a wɔsan de wɔn kɔɔ Venice no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 21 no mfitiase no, nsɛm a ɛfa nnommumfa a na ɛwɔ hɔ berɛ a na Atɔeɛ fam nnwumakuo retɔn nneɛma no ho no de akyinnyegye a ɛne sɛ wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔsan de nkurɔfo ba wɔn man mu ne nea wɔpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nyinaa bae. Ɛfiri berɛ a wɔtintimii Franse amanneɛbɔ a ɛfa Afrika amammerɛ agyapadeɛ a wɔde bɛsan ama no wɔ afe 2018 mu no, nsɛm a wɔdwennwenee yi anya amanaman ntam adwene foforo, na ɛde nsakrae aba wɔ tete nneɛma akorae no dwumadie mu, na wɔde nneɛma a wɔde bɛsan ama no no gyina abrabɔ pa so na ɛnyɛ mmara so kɛkɛ<ref>{{Citation |last=Emilie Goudal |title=Dan Hicks, The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution |date=2021-07-08 |url=https://doi.org/10.4000/critiquedart.78098 |work=Critique d’art |doi=10.4000/critiquedart.78098 |issn=1246-8258 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. == Ɛho nsɛm == === Ɔko ne asisi === [[File:Victory_stele_of_Naram_Sin_9066.jpg|thumb|Naram-Sin nkonimdie nkaedum, Akkadian Ahene abusua, Naram-Sin nniso (2254 - 2218 BC). Louvre, wɔ Paris.]] === Tete wiase === Ɛfri teteete nyinaa na akodie ne aman a wɔadi wɔn so nkonim a wɔsɛe wɔn nneɛma wɔ hɔ. Ɔhene Naram-Sin a ofi Akkad no nkaedum a seesei ɛda adi wɔ Louvre Tete Nneɛma Akorae wɔ Paris no yɛ tete nneɛma a wonim sɛ wɔfow wɔ ɔko mu no mu biako. Naram-Sin nkonimdi wɔ ɔko a ɔne Lullubifo koe wɔ 2250 A.Y.B. mu no ho nkaedum a wɔde kae no bɛyɛ mfe apem akyi no, Elamfo a wɔtwee no kɔɔ wɔn ahenkurow Susa, Iran no faa no sɛ akodi mu nneɛma. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefoɔ nneɛma mu wɔ France no huu no wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 1898 mu<ref>{{Citation |last=Maria Grazia Masetti-Rouault |title=10. Changing gods at Qasr Shemamok: Local cults and the Assyrian Empire at the beginning of the Iron Age |date=2024-12-31 |url=https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479834648.003.0014 |work=Ancient Western Asia Beyond the Paradigm of Collapse and Regeneration (1200-900 BCE) |pages=251–276 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-1-4798-3464-8 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Palladion yɛ ahoni a wɔwiaa no kan na ebia ɛno na ɛho hia sen biara wɔ atɔe fam nkyerɛwee mu<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Kington, Captain William Miles, (25 April 1876–20 Oct. 1914), Royal Welch Fusiliers |date=2007-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u187849 |work=Who Was Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Atena a na ɔkura akodeɛ a wɔde nnua ayɛ a wɔatwa no dua ho ahoni ketewa no yɛɛ adwuma sɛ Troy ho banbɔfoɔ, a wɔka sɛ Helafoɔ baanu bi a wɔde ahoni no fii Atena Asɔredan mu wɔ kokoam no wiawiaa no. Ná tetefo pii gye di sɛ esiane sɛ na kurow no agyapade a ɛbɔ ho ban no afi hɔ nti na wobetumi adi Troy so nkonim. Saa anansesɛm yi kyerɛ sɛnea na ahoni a wɔde yɛ asɔredan wɔ tete Greece no yɛ anyame a wɔda wɔn tumi adi na na wogye di sɛ wɔwɔ tumi bi a ɛboro nnipa de so no. Wɔda ahoni no kronkronyɛ adi wɔ amanehunu a wɔkae sɛ Helafoɔ a wodii nkonim no huu akyiri yi no mu, a Odysseus a na ɔyɛ awi no taa akyi no ka ho<ref name=":0" />. === Napoleon Ahemman no mu asisi === Napoleon nnwumakuo a na wɔto nnwinnadeɛ gu no yɛ nnwinnadeɛ ne nneɛma a ɛsom bo a France asraafo, anaa aban mpanimfoɔ, a na wɔwɔ France Ahemman a edi kan no mu, a na [[Italy|Italy nsasepɔn]], [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[File:Ingresso_a_parigi_opere_rubate_napoleone.jpg|thumb|Nneɛma a Napoleon sisii wɔ Italy wɔ afe 1797 mu a wɔde kɔ Paris no yɛ nkonimdie ho agoru. Wɔsan de Marko Apɔnkɔ a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no kɔɔ Italy wɔ afe 1815 mu, berɛ a Vienna Nhyiam no, nhyiam a edi kan a wɔyɛeɛ wɔ aman ahodoɔ so a ɛkaa nneɛma a wɔde sisii no ho asɛm no baa awieeɛ no.]] Low Countries, ne Europa Mfinimfini no ka ho no, sisii. Na ahodwiri no yɛ ade a ɛsen biara wɔ nnɛyi abakɔsɛm mu, na ɛno nkutoo ne ahodwiriw akwantu a ɛbaa tete Roma abakɔsɛm mu<ref>{{Citation |last=Antony Spawforth |title=Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus, Marcus |date=2015-12-22 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1633 |work=Oxford Classical Dictionary |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1633 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Nokwarem no, [[Franse]] atuatefoɔ no kyerɛe sɛ wɔ afe 1796 mu no, na wɔyɛ adeɛ a ɛfata sɛ wɔto hyɛ Italy so, na wɔfaa ɔkwan a ɛte saa so sɛ wɔbɛdi Romanfoɔ so, sɛnea tete Romafo no hwɛɛ wɔn ho sɛ Hela amammerɛ no adedifo no<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=MILES BRENNAN, UTE HOCHGESCHWENDER |title=In defence of curiosity |date=1986-04-24 |url=https://doi.org/10.1038/320676c0 |work=Nature |volume=320 |issue=6064 |pages=676–676 |doi=10.1038/320676c0 |issn=0028-0836 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔsan nso de adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔn ani a ɛkyere adeyɛ mu no bɛma wɔn ani agye adwinni a wɔawia no ho<ref name=":1" />. Napoleon asraafo no sɛee mfonini no koraa denam mfonini ahorow a wotwitwaa mu fii asɔredan ahorow mu no a ɛtɔ mmere bi a na wɔsɛe no bere a wɔretwam no so. Napoleon asraafo no faa nneɛma a na wɔaboaboa ano a na ɛyɛ ankorankoro de no, na wɔfaa nea na ɛyɛ pope no de no nso<ref>{{Citation |last=Richard Cook |title=Outro: Goodbye, Miles 1991 |date=1997-01-29 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195322668.003.0016 |work=It’s About That Time |pages=321–328 |publisher=Oxford University PressNew York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-532266-8 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Mfonini ahorow a agye din paa a wɔfomm no bi ne Dwetɛ Apɔnkɔ a wɔato din Saint Mark a ɛwɔ Venice (a wɔfom no wɔ Constantinople wɔ afe 1204 mu) ne ''Laocoön ne Ne Mma'' a wɔwɔ Rome (a wɔsan de wɔn baanu nyinaa bae), na afei wɛbu nea ɛtwa to no sɛ ahoni a ɛyɛ nwanwa pa ara. == Mmara mu nsɛm == === Ɔman mu aban mmara === === United States === Wɔ afe 1863 mu no, U.S. Mampanin Abraham Lincoln frɛɛ Francis Lieber, a ɔyɛ German-American mmaranimfoɔ ne amanyɔ mu nyansapɛfoɔ no sɛ ɔntwerɛ mmara a ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛnea Union asraafoɔ ne Confederate nneduafo, wɔn a wɔnyɛ asraafo, akwansrafo ne wɔn agyapade a wɔwɔ no bɛbɔ wɔn bra. Nea efi mu bae no ne General Orders No.100 anaa Lieber Code, a wɔagye amammerɛ ho agyapadeɛ atom sɛ biribi a wɔabɔ ho ban wɔ ɔko mu<ref>{{Citation |last=Matthew J. Miles, Shaheen Islam |title=Point of care ultrasound in thoracic malignancy |date=2019-08 |url=https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2019.05.53 |work=Annals of Translational Medicine |volume=7 |issue=15 |pages=350–350 |doi=10.21037/atm.2019.05.53 |issn=2305-5839 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Lieber Mmara no nyaa nkɛntɛnso kɛse bere a ɛbɛyɛɛ nnyinaso maa Hague Apam a wɔyɛɛ no 1907 ne 1954 no, na ɛde baa Apam a Ɛwɔ hɔ Daa (Standing Rules of Engagement (ROE)) so ama U.S. asraafo nnɛ<ref name=":2">{{Citation |title=(4119) Miles |date=2003 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4094 |work=Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |pages=352–352 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-00238-3 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. ROE nkyekyɛm no fã bi hyɛ U.S. asraafoɔ no sɛ wɔnnto "sukuu, adan a wɔde kae ade, ɔman nkaedum, ne abakɔsɛm anaa amammerɛ mmeae foforo biara so, gye sɛ wɔde reyɛ asraafo adwuma na ɛyɛ asiane"<ref name=":2" />. Wɔ afe 2004 mu no, U.S. penee Bill HR1047 a ɛfa Emergency Protection for Iraq Cultural Antiquities Act no so, a ɛma tumi ma Ɔmanpanyin sɛ ɔmfa Ɔmanpanyin Nhyehyɛe a Ɛfa Amammerɛ Ahonyade Ho Mmara (CCIPA) a ɛwɔ Ɔfa 204 no so mfa nneɛma a wɔde ba no ho nhyɛ mmara ase<ref>{{Citation |last=Miles Ogborn |title=Vegetable empire |date=2018-11-22 |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108225229.017 |work=Worlds of Natural History |pages=271–286 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-22522-9 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔ afe 2003 mu no, Britain ne Switzerland de mmara a ɛbara Iraqifo nneɛma a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no hyɛɛ mmara ase. Wɔ [[United Kingdom]] no, wɔhyehyɛɛ Dealing in Cultural Objects Bill wɔ afe 2003 mu a ɛbaraa amammerɛ ho nneɛma a mmara mma ho kwan no. == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] l4yihsaywwzbz83w5yyuohvy6jro94r 0 17392 190816 2025-06-23T06:13:29Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 Created page with "''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no (United Nations General Assembly) (UNGA anaa GA; French: Assemblée générale des Nations Unies, [1] AGNU anaa AG) yɛ Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no nhyiamu atitiriw nsia no mu baako, na ɛyɛ nhyiamu titiriw a wɔhwɛ so, wɔsi gyinae, na wɔgyina hɔ ma wɔn. Wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Mmara no Ti a Ɛto so Anan no mu no, wɔkyerɛɛ n'ahoɔden, n'ahyehyɛde, n'adwuma, ne n'akwan mu. UNGA na ɛhwɛ Amanaman N..." 190816 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no (United Nations General Assembly) (UNGA anaa GA; French: Assemblée générale des Nations Unies, [1] AGNU anaa AG) yɛ Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no nhyiamu atitiriw nsia no mu baako, na ɛyɛ nhyiamu titiriw a wɔhwɛ so, wɔsi gyinae, na wɔgyina hɔ ma wɔn. Wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Mmara no Ti a Ɛto so Anan no mu no, wɔkyerɛɛ n'ahoɔden, n'ahyehyɛde, n'adwuma, ne n'akwan mu. UNGA na ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom no sika a wɔde yɛ adwuma so, na ɛpaw Amanaman Nkabom Ahobammɔ Boayikuw no mufo a wɔntena hɔ daa, na ɛpaw Amanaman Nkabom no titrani-panyin, na ɛgye Amanaman Nkabom nhyehyɛe no afã afoforo no ho amanneɛbɔ, na ɛgyina gyinaesi ahorow so de nyansahyɛ ma. Ɛsan nso yɛ nhyiamu ahorow pii a ɛboa ma wɔn a wɔhyɛ wɔn nsa no nya nkɔso anaa wɔboa wɔn ma wɔyɛ adwuma no. 3] UNGA ne UN ahyehyɛde a edi kan a emu aman nyinaa yɛ pɛ. Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no hyia wɔ ne titrani anaa Amanaman Nkabom no titrani-panyin no anim wɔ afe biara nhyiam ahorow ase wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no Ahenfie, wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no adwumayɛbea ti wɔ New York City. Mpɛn pii no, wɔhyɛ ase fi September kosi January bosome no fã mu ansa na wɔabua nsɛmmisa no nyinaa, na ɛtaa ba saa ansa na dwumadi a edi hɔ no afi ase. 4] Ebetumi nso asan akɔ nhyiam titiriw anaa nhyiam titiriw a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm. Wɔtoo nsa frɛɛ nhyiam a edi kan no wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ London, na aman 51 a wɔde wɔn ho hyehyɛe no ananmusifo ka ho. Nsɛmmisa dodow no ara a wɔbisa wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, dodow no ara ara na wɔde gyinaesi a emu yɛ den yɛ. Ɔman biara a ɔyɛ ɔmampanyin no wɔ abatow biako. Nsɛm bi a ɛho hia a ɛne asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ ho nyansahyɛ ahorow, sika ho nsɛm, ne emufo a wɔbɛpaw wɔn, a wɔbɛgye wɔn, na wɔagyae wɔn adwuma, anaa wɔatu wɔn no, wɔtow aba bere a wɔn a wɔwɔ hɔ na wɔtow aba no dodow no ara yɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu abien. Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔpene sika ho nsɛm so, a nea ɛka ho ne sika a wɔde betua ho ka a wɔpene so no, Asɛnnibea no gyinaesi ahorow no nhyɛ emufo no. Nhyiamu no botum dze adwenkyerɛ ahorow a ɔfa nsɛm biara a ɔwɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no ho, gye asomdwee na ahobammɔ ho nsɛm a Ɔmampɛ ma Ahobammɔ Dwumakuw no susuw ho. Wɔ 1980 mfe no mu no, Asɛnnibea no bɛyɛɛ "Atifi-Atifi nkɔmmɔbɔ" a na ɛkɔ so wɔ aman a wɔanya mfiridwuma ne aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii ntam wɔ amanaman ntam nsɛm ho. Esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo dodow akɔ anim kɛse na wɔn dodow nso resesa nti, saa nsɛm yi ho asɛm sɔree. Wɔ 1945 mu no, na Amanaman Nkabom no mufo yɛ 51, a eduu afeha a ɛto so 21 no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔn dodow abu abɔ ho mpɛn anan abɛyɛ 193, a wɔn mu bɛboro ɔfã abien mu abiɛsa yɛ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii. Esiane wɔn dodow nti, aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii no tumi kyerɛ nhyiam no dwumadi nhyehyɛe mu (sɛnea G77 te no), ne nkɔmmɔbɔ no su, ne ne gyinaesi ahorow. Wɔ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii fam no, UN no ne baabi a wonya wɔn amammuisɛm mu tumi kɛse no, na ɛno ne ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so yɛ wɔn aman foforo ntam nhyehyɛe. Ɛwom sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no nni tumi a ɛkyekyere aman a wɔdɔm no (sɛ wɔde ato hɔ sika ho nhyehyɛe a), nanso, sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew a ɛne Uniting for Peace a wɔyɛɛ no November 1950 (gyinabew 377 (V) no kyerɛ mu a), sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no mu no, Amanaman Nkabom no betumi asi gyinae nso sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no antumi anyɛ ho biribi esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no muni a ɔyɛ daa ɔmamma no bi amfa ne ho annye so nti, bere a ɛte sɛ nea asomdwoe ho asiane, asomdwoe a wɔresɛe no, anaa basabasayɛ bi asi no. Asɛnnibea no betumi asusuw asɛm no ho ntɛm ara de ahwɛ sɛ ɔbɛma Amanaman Nkabom no mu nnipa bi ayɛ nhyehyɛe de akyekye anaa de asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ aba wiase nyinaa.[ 5] == Abakɔsɛm == Amanaman Nkabom Agyinatu Agyinatu a edi kan no sii wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ London, na aman 51 na wɔbae. 6] Akyiri yi, kosii sɛ wɔtu kɔɔ wɔn fie daa wɔ Manhattan wɔ 1951 mu no, Asɛnnibea no hyiae wɔ kan New York City Pavilion a ɛwɔ 1939 New York World's Fair wɔ Flushing, New York. 7] Wɔ November 29, 1947 mu no, Asɛnnibea no penee so sɛ wɔbɛfa Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe a wɔde bɛkyekyɛ Palestina no wɔ saa beae yi. 8] Wɔ 1946-1951 bere mu no, Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no, Ahobammɔ Bagua no, ne Amanaman Nkabom Adwumayɛbɔ Bagua no yɛɛ wɔn dwumadi wɔ Amanaman Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ Lake Success, New York. 9][10] Saa bere yi wɔ afe 1949 mu no, CBS Television dwumadibea no de saa nhyiam ahorow yi baa United Nations in Action dwumadi no mu a na sɛnkyerɛwfo Edmund Chester na ɔyɛe no. 11] Ɛkɔɔ Amanaman Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ New York City wɔ October 14, 1952, bere a na wɔrefi afe biara nhyiam a ɛto so ason ase no. Wɔ December 1988 mu no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtie Yasser Arafat asɛm no, Amanaman Nkabom no yɛɛ wɔn nhyiam a ɛto so 43 wɔ Amanaman Ntamadan mu wɔ Geneva, Switzerland. 12] == Nhyehyɛeɛ == Amanaman Nkabom no mufo 193 no nyinaa yɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo, a Asɔredan Kronkron no ne Palestina ka ho sɛ aman a wɔyɛ ahwɛfo ne Europa Amanaman Nkabom no (fi 1974). Bio nso, Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no betumi ama amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde anaa ahyehyɛde bi ahwɛfo gyinabea, a ɛma saa ahyehyɛde no nya hokwan de ne ho hyɛ Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no dwumadi mu, nanso wɔhyɛ no so. == Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ == Wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe ma ɔsram a edi kan no mu biara no, wɔde nsɛm a ɛbɛba wɔ nhyiam no mu no to gua wɔ asram ason a edi kan no mu. 13] Wɔyɛ eyi de siesie nsɛm a ebegyina hɔ nnafua 60 ansa na wɔahyɛ da ayɛ nhyiam no. Sɛ wɔhyɛ ɔmansin nhyiam ase wie a, wɔtew da a etwa to no wɔ baguam nhyiam ase a wɔde adwuma no ma boayikuw atitiriw no, na akyiri yi wɔsan de amanneɛbɔ ma Ɔmantam Nhyiam no ma egye tom wɔ baguam anaa wɔtow aba. Wɔahyehyɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ dwumadi nhyehyɛe no mu no. Wɔahyɛ da asiesie Amanaman Nkabom no nhyiamu a wɔyɛ no daa wɔ mfe kakra a atwam yi mu sɛ ebesi wɔ asram abiɛsa pɛ ntam; nanso, adwuma a ɛreyɛ no ama wɔatrɛw saa nhyiamu ahorow yi mu akosi bere a edi hɔ no. Amanaman Nkabom Nhyiam no fã a wɔhyehyɛ no daa no fi ase "Wedada a ɛtɔ so abiɛsa wɔ ɔsram no mu, na wɔkan fi dapɛn a edi kan a anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛyɛ adwuma da biako", sɛnea Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe no kyerɛ no. 14] Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ, bere a edi akyiri a wɔhyehyɛe no, na wɔto nsa frɛ no sɛ ɔnto nsa mprɛnsa pɛ[15] wɔ December mfiase mu, nanso wɔsan fii ase wɔ January mu, na wɔtrɛw mu kosii bere a wɔhyehyɛe foforo no fii ase.[ 16] == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] kljz0h6ajgfracw8cyijegv6vczuem4 190817 190816 2025-06-23T06:27:50Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 190817 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' [[File:Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg|thumb|Amansan Nkabom Kuo ahyɛnsodeɛ]] Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no (United Nations General Assembly) (UNGA anaa GA; French: Assemblée générale des Nations Unies<ref>{{Citation |title=Règlement intérieur de l Assemblée générale |date=2020-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210053181c008 |work=Principes directeurs relatifs aux résolutions des Nations Unies 2020 |pages=48–67 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=978-92-1-005318-1 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>, [1] AGNU anaa AG) yɛ Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no nhyiamu atitiriw nsia no mu baako, na ɛyɛ nhyiamu titiriw a wɔhwɛ so, wɔsi gyinae, na wɔgyina hɔ ma wɔn. Wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Mmara no Ti a Ɛto so Anan no mu no, wɔkyerɛɛ n'ahoɔden, n'ahyehyɛde, n'adwuma, ne n'akwan mu. [[File:UN_General_Assembly_hall.jpg|thumb|Amansan Nkabom Kuo Badwa ase]] UNGA na ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom no sika a wɔde yɛ adwuma so, na ɛpaw Amanaman Nkabom Ahobammɔ Boayikuw no mufo a wɔntena hɔ daa, na ɛpaw Amanaman Nkabom no titrani-panyin, na ɛgye Amanaman Nkabom nhyehyɛe no afã afoforo no ho amanneɛbɔ, na ɛgyina gyinaesi ahorow so de nyansahyɛ ma. Ɛsan nso yɛ nhyiamu ahorow pii a ɛboa ma wɔn a wɔhyɛ wɔn nsa no nya nkɔso anaa wɔboa wɔn ma wɔyɛ adwuma no. 3] UNGA ne UN ahyehyɛde a edi kan a emu aman nyinaa yɛ pɛ. Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no hyia wɔ ne titrani anaa Amanaman Nkabom no titrani-panyin no anim wɔ afe biara nhyiam ahorow ase wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no Ahenfie, wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no adwumayɛbea ti wɔ New York City. Mpɛn pii no, wɔhyɛ ase fi September kosi January bosome no fã mu ansa na wɔabua nsɛmmisa no nyinaa, na ɛtaa ba saa ansa na dwumadi a [[File:United_National_General_Assembly.svg|thumb|United National General Assembly]] edi hɔ no afi ase. 4] Ebetumi nso asan akɔ nhyiam titiriw anaa nhyiam titiriw a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm. Wɔtoo nsa frɛɛ nhyiam a edi kan no wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ London, na aman 51 a wɔde wɔn ho hyehyɛe no ananmusifo ka ho. Nsɛmmisa dodow no ara a wɔbisa wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, dodow no ara ara na wɔde gyinaesi a emu yɛ den yɛ. Ɔman biara a ɔyɛ ɔmampanyin no wɔ abatow biako. Nsɛm bi a ɛho hia a ɛne asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ ho nyansahyɛ ahorow, sika ho nsɛm, ne emufo a wɔbɛpaw wɔn, a wɔbɛgye wɔn, na wɔagyae wɔn adwuma, anaa wɔatu wɔn no, wɔtow aba bere a wɔn a wɔwɔ hɔ na wɔtow aba no dodow no ara yɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu abien. Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔpene sika ho nsɛm so, a nea ɛka ho ne sika a wɔde betua ho ka a wɔpene so no, Asɛnnibea no gyinaesi ahorow no nhyɛ emufo no. Nhyiamu no botum dze adwenkyerɛ ahorow a ɔfa nsɛm biara a ɔwɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no ho, gye asomdwee na ahobammɔ ho nsɛm a Ɔmampɛ ma Ahobammɔ Dwumakuw no susuw ho. Wɔ 1980 mfe no mu no, Asɛnnibea no bɛyɛɛ "Atifi-Atifi nkɔmmɔbɔ" a na ɛkɔ so wɔ aman a wɔanya mfiridwuma ne aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii ntam wɔ amanaman ntam nsɛm ho. Esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo dodow akɔ anim kɛse na wɔn dodow nso resesa nti, saa nsɛm yi ho asɛm sɔree. Wɔ 1945 mu no, na Amanaman Nkabom no mufo yɛ 51, a eduu afeha a ɛto so 21 no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔn dodow abu abɔ ho mpɛn anan abɛyɛ 193, a wɔn mu bɛboro ɔfã abien mu abiɛsa yɛ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii. Esiane wɔn dodow nti, aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii no tumi kyerɛ nhyiam no dwumadi nhyehyɛe mu (sɛnea G77 te no), ne nkɔmmɔbɔ no su, ne ne gyinaesi ahorow. Wɔ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii fam no, UN no ne baabi a wonya wɔn amammuisɛm mu tumi kɛse no, na ɛno ne ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so yɛ wɔn aman foforo ntam nhyehyɛe. Ɛwom sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no nni tumi a ɛkyekyere aman a wɔdɔm no (sɛ wɔde ato hɔ sika ho nhyehyɛe a), nanso, sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew a ɛne Uniting for Peace a wɔyɛɛ no November 1950 (gyinabew 377 (V) no kyerɛ mu a), sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no mu no, Amanaman Nkabom no betumi asi gyinae nso sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no antumi anyɛ ho biribi esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no muni a ɔyɛ daa ɔmamma no bi amfa ne ho annye so nti, bere a ɛte sɛ nea asomdwoe ho asiane, asomdwoe a wɔresɛe no, anaa basabasayɛ bi asi no. Asɛnnibea no betumi asusuw asɛm no ho ntɛm ara de ahwɛ sɛ ɔbɛma Amanaman Nkabom no mu nnipa bi ayɛ nhyehyɛe de akyekye anaa de asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ aba wiase nyinaa.[ 5] == Abakɔsɛm == Amanaman Nkabom Agyinatu Agyinatu a edi kan no sii wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ [[File:Methodist.central.hall.london.arp.jpg|thumb|Methodist Central Hall, London, the location of the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946[6]]] London, na aman 51 na wɔbae. 6] Akyiri yi, kosii sɛ wɔtu kɔɔ wɔn fie daa wɔ Manhattan wɔ 1951 mu no, Asɛnnibea no hyiae wɔ kan New York City Pavilion a ɛwɔ 1939 New York World's Fair wɔ Flushing, New York. 7] Wɔ November 29, 1947 mu no, Asɛnnibea no penee so sɛ wɔbɛfa Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe a wɔde bɛkyekyɛ Palestina no wɔ saa beae yi. 8] Wɔ 1946-1951 bere mu no, Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no, Ahobammɔ Bagua no, ne Amanaman Nkabom Adwumayɛbɔ Bagua no yɛɛ wɔn dwumadi wɔ Amanaman Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ Lake Success, New York. 9][10] Saa bere yi wɔ afe 1949 mu no, CBS Television dwumadibea no de saa nhyiam ahorow yi baa United Nations in Action dwumadi no mu a na sɛnkyerɛwfo Edmund Chester na ɔyɛe no. 11] Ɛkɔɔ Amanaman Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ New York City wɔ October 14, 1952, bere a na wɔrefi afe biara nhyiam a ɛto so ason ase no. Wɔ December 1988 mu no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtie Yasser Arafat asɛm no, [[File:A-Local-History-of-the-1947-Israel-Palestine-Partition.jpg|thumb|The 1947 meeting at the General Assembly meeting place between 1946 and 1951 in Flushing, New York]] Amanaman Nkabom no yɛɛ wɔn nhyiam a ɛto so 43 wɔ Amanaman Ntamadan mu wɔ Geneva, Switzerland. 12] == Nhyehyɛeɛ == Amanaman Nkabom no mufo 193 no nyinaa yɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo, a Asɔredan Kronkron no ne Palestina ka ho sɛ aman a wɔyɛ ahwɛfo ne Europa Amanaman Nkabom no (fi 1974). Bio nso, Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no betumi ama amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde anaa ahyehyɛde bi ahwɛfo gyinabea, a ɛma saa ahyehyɛde no nya hokwan de ne ho hyɛ Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no dwumadi mu, nanso wɔhyɛ no so. == Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ == Wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe ma ɔsram a edi kan no mu biara no, wɔde nsɛm a ɛbɛba wɔ nhyiam no mu no to gua wɔ asram ason a edi kan no mu. 13] Wɔyɛ eyi de siesie nsɛm a ebegyina hɔ nnafua 60 ansa na wɔahyɛ da ayɛ nhyiam no. Sɛ wɔhyɛ ɔmansin nhyiam ase wie a, wɔtew da a etwa to no wɔ baguam nhyiam ase a wɔde adwuma no ma boayikuw atitiriw no, na akyiri yi wɔsan de amanneɛbɔ ma Ɔmantam Nhyiam no ma egye tom wɔ baguam anaa wɔtow aba. Wɔahyehyɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ dwumadi nhyehyɛe no mu no. Wɔahyɛ da asiesie Amanaman Nkabom no nhyiamu a wɔyɛ no daa wɔ mfe kakra a atwam yi mu sɛ ebesi wɔ asram abiɛsa pɛ ntam; nanso, adwuma a ɛreyɛ no ama wɔatrɛw saa nhyiamu ahorow yi mu akosi bere a edi hɔ no. Amanaman Nkabom Nhyiam no fã a wɔhyehyɛ no daa no fi ase "Wedada a ɛtɔ so abiɛsa wɔ ɔsram no mu, na wɔkan fi dapɛn a edi kan a anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛyɛ adwuma da biako", sɛnea Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe no kyerɛ no. 14] Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ, bere a edi akyiri a wɔhyehyɛe no, na wɔto nsa frɛ no sɛ ɔnto nsa mprɛnsa pɛ[15] wɔ December mfiase mu, nanso wɔsan fii ase wɔ January mu, na wɔtrɛw mu kosii bere a wɔhyehyɛe foforo no fii ase.[ 16] == Ntenabea == Wɔhyehyɛ aman no din wɔ abebusɛm kwan so wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu sɛnea wɔn din a ɛwɔ Borɔfo kasa mu kyerɛ no. Ɔman a ɛwɔ benkum anim pɛɛ no, Ɔmampanin no na ɔpaw no afe biara wɔ abatow mu. Aman a aka no di n'akyi. 49] == Amanaman Nkabom no dwumadi == Amanaman Nkabom Bagua a ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom so afe afe nhyiam no yɛ nhyiam ahorow a wiase akannifo yɛ a wɔn ankasa yɛ, a wɔtaa frɛ no nhyiam ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ bagua no nhyiam no akyi no. Efi saa bere no, asafo a wɔhwɛ aman ntam nkitahodi so no abɛyɛ dapɛn a wɔtwe nnipa a wɔwɔ ahode ne tumi fi wiase nyinaa ba New York City ma wɔde wɔn ani si nneɛma pii so, fi mmoa a wɔde ma nnipa ne nneɛma a atwa wɔn ho ahyia so kosi nnwuma ne amanyɔsɛm so. 57] == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] 3dru9gi9x4u2m8ckte7025v9nh2arqc 190818 190817 2025-06-23T06:35:15Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 190818 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg|thumb|Amansan Nkabom Kuo ahyɛnsodeɛ]] [[File:UN_General_Assembly_hall.jpg|thumb|Amansan Nkabom Kuo Badwa ase]]''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no (United Nations General Assembly) (UNGA anaa GA; ''French: Assemblée générale des Nations Unies''<ref>{{Citation |title=Règlement intérieur de l Assemblée générale |date=2020-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210053181c008 |work=Principes directeurs relatifs aux résolutions des Nations Unies 2020 |pages=48–67 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=978-92-1-005318-1 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>, AGNU anaa AG) yɛ Amansan Nkabom Kuo no nhyiamu atitiriw nsia no mu baako, na ɛyɛ nhyiamu titiriw a wɔhwɛ so, wɔsi gyinae, na wɔgyina hɔ ma wɔn. Wɔ Amansan Nkabom Mmara no Ti a Ɛto so Nnan no mu no, wɔkyerɛɛ n'ahoɔden, n'ahyehyɛdeɛ, n'adwuma, ne n'akwan mu. UNGA na ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom no sika a wɔde yɛ adwuma so, na ɛpaw Amansan Nkabom Ahobammɔ Boayikuo no mufo a wɔntena hɔ daa, na ɛpaw Amansan Nkabom no titenani-panin, na ɛgye Amansan Nkabom nhyehyɛeɛ no afã afoforɔ no ho amanneɛbɔ, na ɛgyina gyinaesi ahodoɔ so de nyansahyɛ ma. Ɛsan nso yɛ nhyiamu ahodoɔ pii a ɛboa ma wɔn a wɔhyɛ wɔn nsa no nya nkɔso anaa wɔboa wɔn ma wɔyɛ adwuma no<ref>{{Citation |title=Principal organs and subsidiary bodies to which members were elected or appointed during the 66th session of the general assembly |date=2013-10-25 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/18638dbc-en |work=Index to Proceedings of the General Assembly |pages=13–18 |publisher=UN |isbn=978-92-1-056001-6 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. UNGA ne UN ahyehyɛde a edi kan a emu aman nyinaa yɛ pɛ. Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no hyia wɔ ne titrani anaa Amanaman Nkabom no titrani-panyin no anim wɔ afe biara nhyiam ahorow ase wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no Ahenfie, wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no adwumayɛbea ti wɔ New York City. Mpɛn pii no, wɔhyɛ ase fi September kosi January bosome no fã mu ansa na wɔabua nsɛmmisa no nyinaa, na ɛtaa ba saa ansa na dwumadi a [[File:United_National_General_Assembly.svg|thumb|United National General Assembly]] edi hɔ no afi ase. 4] Ebetumi nso asan akɔ nhyiam titiriw anaa nhyiam titiriw a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm. Wɔtoo nsa frɛɛ nhyiam a edi kan no wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ London, na aman 51 a wɔde wɔn ho hyehyɛe no ananmusifo ka ho. Nsɛmmisa dodow no ara a wɔbisa wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, dodow no ara ara na wɔde gyinaesi a emu yɛ den yɛ. Ɔman biara a ɔyɛ ɔmampanyin no wɔ abatow biako. Nsɛm bi a ɛho hia a ɛne asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ ho nyansahyɛ ahorow, sika ho nsɛm, ne emufo a wɔbɛpaw wɔn, a wɔbɛgye wɔn, na wɔagyae wɔn adwuma, anaa wɔatu wɔn no, wɔtow aba bere a wɔn a wɔwɔ hɔ na wɔtow aba no dodow no ara yɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu abien. Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔpene sika ho nsɛm so, a nea ɛka ho ne sika a wɔde betua ho ka a wɔpene so no, Asɛnnibea no gyinaesi ahorow no nhyɛ emufo no. Nhyiamu no botum dze adwenkyerɛ ahorow a ɔfa nsɛm biara a ɔwɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no ho, gye asomdwee na ahobammɔ ho nsɛm a Ɔmampɛ ma Ahobammɔ Dwumakuw no susuw ho. Wɔ 1980 mfe no mu no, Asɛnnibea no bɛyɛɛ "Atifi-Atifi nkɔmmɔbɔ" a na ɛkɔ so wɔ aman a wɔanya mfiridwuma ne aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii ntam wɔ amanaman ntam nsɛm ho. Esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo dodow akɔ anim kɛse na wɔn dodow nso resesa nti, saa nsɛm yi ho asɛm sɔree. Wɔ 1945 mu no, na Amanaman Nkabom no mufo yɛ 51, a eduu afeha a ɛto so 21 no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔn dodow abu abɔ ho mpɛn anan abɛyɛ 193, a wɔn mu bɛboro ɔfã abien mu abiɛsa yɛ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii. Esiane wɔn dodow nti, aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii no tumi kyerɛ nhyiam no dwumadi nhyehyɛe mu (sɛnea G77 te no), ne nkɔmmɔbɔ no su, ne ne gyinaesi ahorow. Wɔ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii fam no, UN no ne baabi a wonya wɔn amammuisɛm mu tumi kɛse no, na ɛno ne ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so yɛ wɔn aman foforo ntam nhyehyɛe. Ɛwom sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no nni tumi a ɛkyekyere aman a wɔdɔm no (sɛ wɔde ato hɔ sika ho nhyehyɛe a), nanso, sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew a ɛne Uniting for Peace a wɔyɛɛ no November 1950 (gyinabew 377 (V) no kyerɛ mu a), sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no mu no, Amanaman Nkabom no betumi asi gyinae nso sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no antumi anyɛ ho biribi esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no muni a ɔyɛ daa ɔmamma no bi amfa ne ho annye so nti, bere a ɛte sɛ nea asomdwoe ho asiane, asomdwoe a wɔresɛe no, anaa basabasayɛ bi asi no. Asɛnnibea no betumi asusuw asɛm no ho ntɛm ara de ahwɛ sɛ ɔbɛma Amanaman Nkabom no mu nnipa bi ayɛ nhyehyɛe de akyekye anaa de asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ aba wiase nyinaa.[ 5] == Abakɔsɛm == Amanaman Nkabom Agyinatu Agyinatu a edi kan no sii wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ [[File:Methodist.central.hall.london.arp.jpg|thumb|Methodist Central Hall, London, the location of the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946[6]]] London, na aman 51 na wɔbae. 6] Akyiri yi, kosii sɛ wɔtu kɔɔ wɔn fie daa wɔ Manhattan wɔ 1951 mu no, Asɛnnibea no hyiae wɔ kan New York City Pavilion a ɛwɔ 1939 New York World's Fair wɔ Flushing, New York. 7] Wɔ November 29, 1947 mu no, Asɛnnibea no penee so sɛ wɔbɛfa Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe a wɔde bɛkyekyɛ Palestina no wɔ saa beae yi. 8] Wɔ 1946-1951 bere mu no, Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no, Ahobammɔ Bagua no, ne Amanaman Nkabom Adwumayɛbɔ Bagua no yɛɛ wɔn dwumadi wɔ Amanaman Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ Lake Success, New York. 9][10] Saa bere yi wɔ afe 1949 mu no, CBS Television dwumadibea no de saa nhyiam ahorow yi baa United Nations in Action dwumadi no mu a na sɛnkyerɛwfo Edmund Chester na ɔyɛe no. 11] Ɛkɔɔ Amanaman Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ New York City wɔ October 14, 1952, bere a na wɔrefi afe biara nhyiam a ɛto so ason ase no. Wɔ December 1988 mu no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtie Yasser Arafat asɛm no, [[File:A-Local-History-of-the-1947-Israel-Palestine-Partition.jpg|thumb|The 1947 meeting at the General Assembly meeting place between 1946 and 1951 in Flushing, New York]] Amanaman Nkabom no yɛɛ wɔn nhyiam a ɛto so 43 wɔ Amanaman Ntamadan mu wɔ Geneva, Switzerland. 12] == Nhyehyɛeɛ == Amanaman Nkabom no mufo 193 no nyinaa yɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo, a Asɔredan Kronkron no ne Palestina ka ho sɛ aman a wɔyɛ ahwɛfo ne Europa Amanaman Nkabom no (fi 1974). Bio nso, Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no betumi ama amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde anaa ahyehyɛde bi ahwɛfo gyinabea, a ɛma saa ahyehyɛde no nya hokwan de ne ho hyɛ Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no dwumadi mu, nanso wɔhyɛ no so. == Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ == Wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe ma ɔsram a edi kan no mu biara no, wɔde nsɛm a ɛbɛba wɔ nhyiam no mu no to gua wɔ asram ason a edi kan no mu. 13] Wɔyɛ eyi de siesie nsɛm a ebegyina hɔ nnafua 60 ansa na wɔahyɛ da ayɛ nhyiam no. Sɛ wɔhyɛ ɔmansin nhyiam ase wie a, wɔtew da a etwa to no wɔ baguam nhyiam ase a wɔde adwuma no ma boayikuw atitiriw no, na akyiri yi wɔsan de amanneɛbɔ ma Ɔmantam Nhyiam no ma egye tom wɔ baguam anaa wɔtow aba. Wɔahyehyɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ dwumadi nhyehyɛe no mu no. Wɔahyɛ da asiesie Amanaman Nkabom no nhyiamu a wɔyɛ no daa wɔ mfe kakra a atwam yi mu sɛ ebesi wɔ asram abiɛsa pɛ ntam; nanso, adwuma a ɛreyɛ no ama wɔatrɛw saa nhyiamu ahorow yi mu akosi bere a edi hɔ no. Amanaman Nkabom Nhyiam no fã a wɔhyehyɛ no daa no fi ase "Wedada a ɛtɔ so abiɛsa wɔ ɔsram no mu, na wɔkan fi dapɛn a edi kan a anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛyɛ adwuma da biako", sɛnea Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe no kyerɛ no. 14] Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ, bere a edi akyiri a wɔhyehyɛe no, na wɔto nsa frɛ no sɛ ɔnto nsa mprɛnsa pɛ[15] wɔ December mfiase mu, nanso wɔsan fii ase wɔ January mu, na wɔtrɛw mu kosii bere a wɔhyehyɛe foforo no fii ase.[ 16] == Ntenabea == Wɔhyehyɛ aman no din wɔ abebusɛm kwan so wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu sɛnea wɔn din a ɛwɔ Borɔfo kasa mu kyerɛ no. Ɔman a ɛwɔ benkum anim pɛɛ no, Ɔmampanin no na ɔpaw no afe biara wɔ abatow mu. Aman a aka no di n'akyi. 49] == Amanaman Nkabom no dwumadi == Amanaman Nkabom Bagua a ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom so afe afe nhyiam no yɛ nhyiam ahorow a wiase akannifo yɛ a wɔn ankasa yɛ, a wɔtaa frɛ no nhyiam ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ bagua no nhyiam no akyi no. Efi saa bere no, asafo a wɔhwɛ aman ntam nkitahodi so no abɛyɛ dapɛn a wɔtwe nnipa a wɔwɔ ahode ne tumi fi wiase nyinaa ba New York City ma wɔde wɔn ani si nneɛma pii so, fi mmoa a wɔde ma nnipa ne nneɛma a atwa wɔn ho ahyia so kosi nnwuma ne amanyɔsɛm so. 57] == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] oyxy0905bg8mga61oog0n9kob49lm60 190819 190818 2025-06-23T08:12:34Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 /* Abakɔsɛm */ 190819 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg|thumb|Amansan Nkabom Kuo ahyɛnsodeɛ]] [[File:UN_General_Assembly_hall.jpg|thumb|Amansan Nkabom Kuo Badwa ase]]''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no (United Nations General Assembly) (UNGA anaa GA; ''French: Assemblée générale des Nations Unies''<ref>{{Citation |title=Règlement intérieur de l Assemblée générale |date=2020-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210053181c008 |work=Principes directeurs relatifs aux résolutions des Nations Unies 2020 |pages=48–67 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=978-92-1-005318-1 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>, AGNU anaa AG) yɛ Amansan Nkabom Kuo no nhyiamu atitiriw nsia no mu baako, na ɛyɛ nhyiamu titiriw a wɔhwɛ so, wɔsi gyinae, na wɔgyina hɔ ma wɔn. Wɔ Amansan Nkabom Mmara no Ti a Ɛto so Nnan no mu no, wɔkyerɛɛ n'ahoɔden, n'ahyehyɛdeɛ, n'adwuma, ne n'akwan mu. UNGA na ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom no sika a wɔde yɛ adwuma so, na ɛpaw Amansan Nkabom Ahobammɔ Boayikuo no mufo a wɔntena hɔ daa, na ɛpaw Amansan Nkabom no titenani-panin, na ɛgye Amansan Nkabom nhyehyɛeɛ no afã afoforɔ no ho amanneɛbɔ, na ɛgyina gyinaesi ahodoɔ so de nyansahyɛ ma. Ɛsan nso yɛ nhyiamu ahodoɔ pii a ɛboa ma wɔn a wɔhyɛ wɔn nsa no nya nkɔso anaa wɔboa wɔn ma wɔyɛ adwuma no<ref>{{Citation |title=Principal organs and subsidiary bodies to which members were elected or appointed during the 66th session of the general assembly |date=2013-10-25 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/18638dbc-en |work=Index to Proceedings of the General Assembly |pages=13–18 |publisher=UN |isbn=978-92-1-056001-6 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. UNGA ne UN ahyehyɛde a edi kan a emu aman nyinaa yɛ pɛ. Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no hyia wɔ ne titrani anaa Amanaman Nkabom no titrani-panyin no anim wɔ afe biara nhyiam ahorow ase wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no Ahenfie, wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no adwumayɛbea ti wɔ New York City. Mpɛn pii no, wɔhyɛ ase fi September kosi January bosome no fã mu ansa na wɔabua nsɛmmisa no nyinaa, na ɛtaa ba saa ansa na dwumadi a [[File:United_National_General_Assembly.svg|thumb|United National General Assembly]] edi hɔ no afi ase. 4] Ebetumi nso asan akɔ nhyiam titiriw anaa nhyiam titiriw a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm. Wɔtoo nsa frɛɛ nhyiam a edi kan no wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ London, na aman 51 a wɔde wɔn ho hyehyɛe no ananmusifo ka ho. Nsɛmmisa dodow no ara a wɔbisa wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, dodow no ara ara na wɔde gyinaesi a emu yɛ den yɛ. Ɔman biara a ɔyɛ ɔmampanyin no wɔ abatow biako. Nsɛm bi a ɛho hia a ɛne asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ ho nyansahyɛ ahorow, sika ho nsɛm, ne emufo a wɔbɛpaw wɔn, a wɔbɛgye wɔn, na wɔagyae wɔn adwuma, anaa wɔatu wɔn no, wɔtow aba bere a wɔn a wɔwɔ hɔ na wɔtow aba no dodow no ara yɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu abien. Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔpene sika ho nsɛm so, a nea ɛka ho ne sika a wɔde betua ho ka a wɔpene so no, Asɛnnibea no gyinaesi ahorow no nhyɛ emufo no. Nhyiamu no botum dze adwenkyerɛ ahorow a ɔfa nsɛm biara a ɔwɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no ho, gye asomdwee na ahobammɔ ho nsɛm a Ɔmampɛ ma Ahobammɔ Dwumakuw no susuw ho. Wɔ 1980 mfe no mu no, Asɛnnibea no bɛyɛɛ "Atifi-Atifi nkɔmmɔbɔ" a na ɛkɔ so wɔ aman a wɔanya mfiridwuma ne aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii ntam wɔ amanaman ntam nsɛm ho. Esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo dodow akɔ anim kɛse na wɔn dodow nso resesa nti, saa nsɛm yi ho asɛm sɔree. Wɔ 1945 mu no, na Amanaman Nkabom no mufo yɛ 51, a eduu afeha a ɛto so 21 no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔn dodow abu abɔ ho mpɛn anan abɛyɛ 193, a wɔn mu bɛboro ɔfã abien mu abiɛsa yɛ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii. Esiane wɔn dodow nti, aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii no tumi kyerɛ nhyiam no dwumadi nhyehyɛe mu (sɛnea G77 te no), ne nkɔmmɔbɔ no su, ne ne gyinaesi ahorow. Wɔ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii fam no, UN no ne baabi a wonya wɔn amammuisɛm mu tumi kɛse no, na ɛno ne ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so yɛ wɔn aman foforo ntam nhyehyɛe. Ɛwom sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no nni tumi a ɛkyekyere aman a wɔdɔm no (sɛ wɔde ato hɔ sika ho nhyehyɛe a), nanso, sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew a ɛne Uniting for Peace a wɔyɛɛ no November 1950 (gyinabew 377 (V) no kyerɛ mu a), sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no mu no, Amanaman Nkabom no betumi asi gyinae nso sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no antumi anyɛ ho biribi esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no muni a ɔyɛ daa ɔmamma no bi amfa ne ho annye so nti, bere a ɛte sɛ nea asomdwoe ho asiane, asomdwoe a wɔresɛe no, anaa basabasayɛ bi asi no. Asɛnnibea no betumi asusuw asɛm no ho ntɛm ara de ahwɛ sɛ ɔbɛma Amanaman Nkabom no mu nnipa bi ayɛ nhyehyɛe de akyekye anaa de asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ aba wiase nyinaa.[ 5] == Abakɔsɛm == Amanaman Nkabom Agyinatu Agyinatu a edi kan no sii wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ [[File:Methodist.central.hall.london.arp.jpg|thumb|Methodist Central Hall, London, the location of the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946[6]]] London, na aman 51 na wɔbae. 6] Akyiri yi, kosii sɛ wɔtu kɔɔ wɔn fie daa wɔ Manhattan wɔ 1951 mu no, Asɛnnibea no hyiae wɔ kan New York City Pavilion a ɛwɔ 1939 New York World's Fair wɔ Flushing, New York. 7] Wɔ November 29, 1947 mu no, Asɛnnibea no penee so sɛ wɔbɛfa Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe a wɔde bɛkyekyɛ Palestina no wɔ saa beae yi. 8] Wɔ 1946-1951 bere mu no, Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no, Ahobammɔ Bagua no, ne Amanaman Nkabom Adwumayɛbɔ Bagua no yɛɛ wɔn dwumadi wɔ Amanaman Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ Lake Success, New York. 9][10] Saa bere yi wɔ afe 1949 mu no, CBS Television dwumadibea no de saa nhyiam ahorow yi baa United Nations in Action dwumadi no mu a na sɛnkyerɛwfo Edmund Chester na ɔyɛe no. 11] Ɛkɔɔ Amansan Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ New York City wɔ Ahinime bosome da ɛtɔ so 14 wz afe 1952, bere a na wɔrefi afe biara nhyiam a ɛto so ason ase no. Wɔ Ɔpɛnimaa bosome wɔ afe 1988 mu no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtie Yasser Arafat asɛm no, [[File:A-Local-History-of-the-1947-Israel-Palestine-Partition.jpg|thumb|The 1947 meeting at the General Assembly meeting place between 1946 and 1951 in Flushing, New York]] Amanaman Nkabom no yɛɛ wɔn nhyiam a ɛto so 43 wɔ Amanaman Ntamadan mu wɔ Geneva, Switzerland<ref>{{Citation |title=Lettre de sa majesté la Reyne d'Espaigne a messeigneurs les Estats Generaux touchant la ratification de la paix avec le Roy treschrestien etc. |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2214-8264_dutchpamphlets-kb1-kb11276 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. == Nhyehyɛeɛ == Amanaman Nkabom no mufoɔ 193 no nyinaa yɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufoɔ, a Asɔredan Kronkron no ne Palestina ka ho sɛ aman a wɔyɛ ahwɛfoɔ ne Europa Amanaman Nkabom no (firi 1974). Bio nso, Amansan Nkabom Badwa no betumi ama amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde anaa ahyehyɛde bi ahwɛfo gyinabea, a ɛma saa nhyehyɛeɛ no nya kwan de ne ho hyɛ Amanaman Nkabom Badwa no dwumadie mu, nanso ɛwɔ baabi a ɛkɔ pem. == Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ == Wɔyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ bosome nson ansa na wɔde nsɛm a ɛbɛba wɔ nhyiam no mu no ato dwa wɔ <ref>{{Citation |title=United Nations, Department of Public Information, Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_1330 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔyɛ eyi de siesie nsɛm a ebegyina hɔ nnafua 60 ansa na wɔahyɛ da ayɛ nhyiam no. Sɛ wɔhyɛ ɔmansin nhyiam ase wie a, wɔtew da a etwa to no wɔ baguam nhyiam ase a wɔde adwuma no ma boayikuw atitiriw no, na akyiri yi wɔsan de amanneɛbɔ ma Ɔmantam Nhyiam no ma egye tom wɔ baguam anaa wɔtow aba. Wɔahyehyɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ dwumadi nhyehyɛe no mu no. Wɔahyɛ da asiesie Amanaman Nkabom no nhyiamu a wɔyɛ no daa wɔ mfe kakra a atwam yi mu sɛ ebesi wɔ asram abiɛsa pɛ ntam; nanso, adwuma a ɛreyɛ no ama wɔatrɛw saa nhyiamu ahorow yi mu akosi bere a edi hɔ no. Amanaman Nkabom Nhyiam no fã a wɔhyehyɛ no daa no fi ase "Wedada a ɛtɔ so abiɛsa wɔ ɔsram no mu, na wɔkan fi dapɛn a edi kan a anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛyɛ adwuma da biako", sɛnea Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe no kyerɛ no. 14] Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ, bere a edi akyiri a wɔhyehyɛe no, na wɔto nsa frɛ no sɛ ɔnto nsa mprɛnsa pɛ[15] wɔ December mfiase mu, nanso wɔsan fii ase wɔ January mu, na wɔtrɛw mu kosii bere a wɔhyehyɛe foforo no fii ase.[ 16] == Ntenabea == Wɔhyehyɛ aman no din wɔ abebusɛm kwan so wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu sɛnea wɔn din a ɛwɔ Borɔfo kasa mu kyerɛ no. Ɔman a ɛwɔ benkum anim pɛɛ no, Ɔmampanin no na ɔpaw no afe biara wɔ abatow mu. Aman a aka no di n'akyi. 49] == Amanaman Nkabom no dwumadi == Amanaman Nkabom Bagua a ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom so afe afe nhyiam no yɛ nhyiam ahorow a wiase akannifo yɛ a wɔn ankasa yɛ, a wɔtaa frɛ no nhyiam ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ bagua no nhyiam no akyi no. Efi saa bere no, asafo a wɔhwɛ aman ntam nkitahodi so no abɛyɛ dapɛn a wɔtwe nnipa a wɔwɔ ahode ne tumi fi wiase nyinaa ba New York City ma wɔde wɔn ani si nneɛma pii so, fi mmoa a wɔde ma nnipa ne nneɛma a atwa wɔn ho ahyia so kosi nnwuma ne amanyɔsɛm so. 57] == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] en1ep35o4t4kwyyujm6h8e0q4fll7qd 190820 190819 2025-06-23T08:29:54Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 /* Abakɔsɛm */ 190820 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Emblem_of_the_United_Nations.svg|thumb|Amansan Nkabom Kuo ahyɛnsodeɛ]] [[File:UN_General_Assembly_hall.jpg|thumb|Amansan Nkabom Kuo Badwa ase]]''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' Amanaman Nkabom Kuo no (United Nations General Assembly) (UNGA anaa GA; ''French: Assemblée générale des Nations Unies''<ref>{{Citation |title=Règlement intérieur de l Assemblée générale |date=2020-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210053181c008 |work=Principes directeurs relatifs aux résolutions des Nations Unies 2020 |pages=48–67 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=978-92-1-005318-1 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>, AGNU anaa AG) yɛ Amansan Nkabom Kuo no nhyiamu atitiriw nsia no mu baako, na ɛyɛ nhyiamu titiriw a wɔhwɛ so, wɔsi gyinae, na wɔgyina hɔ ma wɔn. Wɔ Amansan Nkabom Mmara no Ti a Ɛto so Nnan no mu no, wɔkyerɛɛ n'ahoɔden, n'ahyehyɛdeɛ, n'adwuma, ne n'akwan mu. UNGA na ɛhwɛ Amanaman Nkabom no sika a wɔde yɛ adwuma so, na ɛpaw Amansan Nkabom Ahobammɔ Boayikuo no mufo a wɔntena hɔ daa, na ɛpaw Amansan Nkabom no titenani-panin, na ɛgye Amansan Nkabom nhyehyɛeɛ no afã afoforɔ no ho amanneɛbɔ, na ɛgyina gyinaesi ahodoɔ so de nyansahyɛ ma. Ɛsan nso yɛ nhyiamu ahodoɔ pii a ɛboa ma wɔn a wɔhyɛ wɔn nsa no nya nkɔso anaa wɔboa wɔn ma wɔyɛ adwuma no<ref>{{Citation |title=Principal organs and subsidiary bodies to which members were elected or appointed during the 66th session of the general assembly |date=2013-10-25 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/18638dbc-en |work=Index to Proceedings of the General Assembly |pages=13–18 |publisher=UN |isbn=978-92-1-056001-6 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. UNGA ne UN ahyehyɛde a edi kan a emu aman nyinaa yɛ pɛ. Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no hyia wɔ ne titrani anaa Amanaman Nkabom no titrani-panyin no anim wɔ afe biara nhyiam ahorow ase wɔ Amanaman Nkabom Bagua no Ahenfie, wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no adwumayɛbea ti wɔ New York City. Mpɛn pii no, wɔhyɛ ase fi September kosi January bosome no fã mu ansa na wɔabua nsɛmmisa no nyinaa, na ɛtaa ba saa ansa na dwumadi a [[File:United_National_General_Assembly.svg|thumb|United National General Assembly]] edi hɔ no afi ase. 4] Ebetumi nso asan akɔ nhyiam titiriw anaa nhyiam titiriw a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm. Wɔtoo nsa frɛɛ nhyiam a edi kan no wɔ January 10, 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ London, na aman 51 a wɔde wɔn ho hyehyɛe no ananmusifo ka ho. Nsɛmmisa dodow no ara a wɔbisa wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no, dodow no ara ara na wɔde gyinaesi a emu yɛ den yɛ. Ɔman biara a ɔyɛ ɔmampanyin no wɔ abatow biako. Nsɛm bi a ɛho hia a ɛne asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ ho nyansahyɛ ahorow, sika ho nsɛm, ne emufo a wɔbɛpaw wɔn, a wɔbɛgye wɔn, na wɔagyae wɔn adwuma, anaa wɔatu wɔn no, wɔtow aba bere a wɔn a wɔwɔ hɔ na wɔtow aba no dodow no ara yɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu abien. Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔpene sika ho nsɛm so, a nea ɛka ho ne sika a wɔde betua ho ka a wɔpene so no, Asɛnnibea no gyinaesi ahorow no nhyɛ emufo no. Nhyiamu no botum dze adwenkyerɛ ahorow a ɔfa nsɛm biara a ɔwɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu no ho, gye asomdwee na ahobammɔ ho nsɛm a Ɔmampɛ ma Ahobammɔ Dwumakuw no susuw ho. Wɔ 1980 mfe no mu no, Asɛnnibea no bɛyɛɛ "Atifi-Atifi nkɔmmɔbɔ" a na ɛkɔ so wɔ aman a wɔanya mfiridwuma ne aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii ntam wɔ amanaman ntam nsɛm ho. Esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufo dodow akɔ anim kɛse na wɔn dodow nso resesa nti, saa nsɛm yi ho asɛm sɔree. Wɔ 1945 mu no, na Amanaman Nkabom no mufo yɛ 51, a eduu afeha a ɛto so 21 no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔn dodow abu abɔ ho mpɛn anan abɛyɛ 193, a wɔn mu bɛboro ɔfã abien mu abiɛsa yɛ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii. Esiane wɔn dodow nti, aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii no tumi kyerɛ nhyiam no dwumadi nhyehyɛe mu (sɛnea G77 te no), ne nkɔmmɔbɔ no su, ne ne gyinaesi ahorow. Wɔ aman a wonnyaa nkɔso pii fam no, UN no ne baabi a wonya wɔn amammuisɛm mu tumi kɛse no, na ɛno ne ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so yɛ wɔn aman foforo ntam nhyehyɛe. Ɛwom sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no nni tumi a ɛkyekyere aman a wɔdɔm no (sɛ wɔde ato hɔ sika ho nhyehyɛe a), nanso, sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew a ɛne Uniting for Peace a wɔyɛɛ no November 1950 (gyinabew 377 (V) no kyerɛ mu a), sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no gyinabew ahorow no mu no, Amanaman Nkabom no betumi asi gyinae nso sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no antumi anyɛ ho biribi esiane sɛ Amanaman Nkabom no muni a ɔyɛ daa ɔmamma no bi amfa ne ho annye so nti, bere a ɛte sɛ nea asomdwoe ho asiane, asomdwoe a wɔresɛe no, anaa basabasayɛ bi asi no. Asɛnnibea no betumi asusuw asɛm no ho ntɛm ara de ahwɛ sɛ ɔbɛma Amanaman Nkabom no mu nnipa bi ayɛ nhyehyɛe de akyekye anaa de asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ aba wiase nyinaa.[ 5] == Abakɔsɛm == [[File:Methodist.central.hall.london.arp.jpg|thumb|Methodist Central Hall, London, the location of the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946[6]]] Amansan Nkabom Agyinatuo a edi kan no sii wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn bosome da a ɛtɔ so 10 wɔ afe 1946 wɔ Methodist Central Hall wɔ London, na aman 51 na wɔbaeɛ<ref>{{Citation |title=Report of the Statistical Commission on the Forty-sixth Session (3-6 March 2015) |date=2015-12-31 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/dcd25459-en |work=Official Records (United Nations Economic and Social Council) |doi=10.18356/dcd25459-en |issn=2414-7125 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Akyiri yi, kosii sɛ wɔtu kɔɔ wɔn fie daa wɔ Manhattan wɔ afe 1951 mu no, wɔhyiaeɛ wɔ kane New York City Pavilion a wɔ 1939 New York World's Fair wɔ Flushing a ɛwɔ [[New York]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Title page: ORIGINAL WORKS - CASE REPORTS DECEMBER 2022 |date=2022-12 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(22)00864-8 |work=Transplantation Proceedings |volume=54 |issue=10 |pages=2702 |doi=10.1016/s0041-1345(22)00864-8 |issn=0041-1345 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔ Obubuo bosome da ɛtɔ so 29 mu wɔ afe 1947 mu no, Wɔpenee so sɛ wɔbɛfa Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛeɛ a wɔde bɛkyekyɛ Palestina no wɔ saa beae yi<ref>{{Citation |title=THE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO THE UNITED NATIONS PARTITION PLAN 30 NOVEMBER - 11 DECEMBER 1947 |date=2012-11-27 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203074527-37 |work=The Routledge Atlas of the Arab-Israeli Conflict |pages=37–37 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-07452-7 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔ afe 1946-1951 berɛ mu no, Amansan Nkabom Badwa no, Ahobammɔ Bagua no, ne Amansan Nkabom Adwumayɛbɔ Bagua no yɛɛ wɔn dwumadi wɔ Amanaman Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ Lake Success, New York. 9][10] Saa bere yi wɔ afe 1949 mu no, CBS Television dwumadibea no de saa nhyiam ahorow yi baa United Nations in Action dwumadi no mu a na sɛntwerɛfoɔ Edmund Chester na ɔyɛeɛ no<ref>{{Citation |title=New Head Office Building - June 1960-January 1963 - From Rural Bank - 3 March 1962 |date=2023-03-24 |url=https://doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-011117 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Ɛkɔɔ Amansan Nkabom adwumayɛbea ti a ɛwɔ New York City wɔ Ahinime bosome da ɛtɔ so 14 wɔ afe 1952, bere a na wɔrefi afe biara nhyiam a ɛto so ason ase no. Wɔ Ɔpɛnimaa bosome wɔ afe 1988 mu no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtie Yasser Arafat asɛm no, [[File:A-Local-History-of-the-1947-Israel-Palestine-Partition.jpg|thumb|The 1947 meeting at the General Assembly meeting place between 1946 and 1951 in Flushing, New York]] Amanaman Nkabom no yɛɛ wɔn nhyiam a ɛto so 43 wɔ Amanaman Ntamadan mu wɔ Geneva, Switzerland<ref>{{Citation |title=Lettre de sa majesté la Reyne d'Espaigne a messeigneurs les Estats Generaux touchant la ratification de la paix avec le Roy treschrestien etc. |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2214-8264_dutchpamphlets-kb1-kb11276 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. == Nhyehyɛeɛ == Amanaman Nkabom no mufoɔ 193 no nyinaa yɛ Amanaman Nkabom no mufoɔ, a Asɔredan Kronkron no ne Palestina ka ho sɛ aman a wɔyɛ ahwɛfoɔ ne Europa Amanaman Nkabom no (firi 1974). Bio nso, Amansan Nkabom Badwa no betumi ama amanaman ntam ahyehyɛde anaa ahyehyɛde bi ahwɛfo gyinabea, a ɛma saa nhyehyɛeɛ no nya kwan de ne ho hyɛ Amanaman Nkabom Badwa no dwumadie mu, nanso ɛwɔ baabi a ɛkɔ pem. == Nsɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ == Wɔyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ bosome nson ansa na wɔde nsɛm a ɛbɛba wɔ nhyiam no mu no ato dwa wɔ <ref>{{Citation |title=United Nations, Department of Public Information, Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_1330 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔyɛ eyi de siesie nsɛm a ebegyina hɔ nnafua 60 ansa na wɔahyɛ da ayɛ nhyiam no. Sɛ wɔhyɛ ɔmansin nhyiam ase wie a, wɔtew da a etwa to no wɔ baguam nhyiam ase a wɔde adwuma no ma boayikuw atitiriw no, na akyiri yi wɔsan de amanneɛbɔ ma Ɔmantam Nhyiam no ma egye tom wɔ baguam anaa wɔtow aba. Wɔahyehyɛ nsɛm a ɛwɔ dwumadi nhyehyɛe no mu no. Wɔahyɛ da asiesie Amanaman Nkabom no nhyiamu a wɔyɛ no daa wɔ mfe kakra a atwam yi mu sɛ ebesi wɔ asram abiɛsa pɛ ntam; nanso, adwuma a ɛreyɛ no ama wɔatrɛw saa nhyiamu ahorow yi mu akosi bere a edi hɔ no. Amanaman Nkabom Nhyiam no fã a wɔhyehyɛ no daa no fi ase "Wedada a ɛtɔ so abiɛsa wɔ ɔsram no mu, na wɔkan fi dapɛn a edi kan a anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛyɛ adwuma da baako", sɛnea Amanaman Nkabom Nhyehyɛe no kyerɛ no<ref>{{Citation |last=Johan Kaufmann |title=Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly |date=1980-01-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004633117_016 |work=United Nations Decision Making |pages=247–273 |publisher=Brill {{!}} Nijhoff |isbn=978-90-04-63311-7 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛeɛ sɛ, bere a edi akyiri a wɔhyehyɛeɛ no, na wɔto nsa frɛ no sɛ ɔnto nsa mprɛnsa pɛ<ref>{{Citation |title=General Assembly Adopts Work Programme for Sixty-Fourth Session |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/ga10859.doc.htm |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> wɔ Ɔpɛpɔn bosome no mfitiase mu, nanso wɔsan fii ase wɔ January mu, na wɔtrɛw mu kɔsii berɛ a wɔhyɛɛ foforɔ ase<ref>{{Citation |title=Agenda of the 2018 session |date=2021-06-08 |url=https://doi.org/10.18356/9789210045483c001 |work=Resolutions and Decisions of the Economic and Social Council |pages=1–2 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=978-92-1-004548-3 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. == Ntenabea == Wɔhyehyɛ aman no din wɔ abebusɛm kwan so wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no mu sɛnea wɔn din a ɛwɔ Borɔfo kasa mu kyerɛ no. Ɔman a ɛwɔ benkum anim pɛɛ no, Ɔmampanin no na ɔpaw no afe biara wɔ abatow mu. Aman a aka no di n'akyi<ref>{{Citation |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.unitar.org/ny/sites/unitar.org.ny/files/UN_PGA_Handbook.pdf |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. == Amansan Nkabom no dwumadie == Amansan Nkabom Badwa a ɛhwɛ Amansan Nkabom so afe afe nhyiam no yɛ nhyiam ahorow a wiase akannifo yɛ a wɔn ankasa yɛ, a wɔtaa frɛ no nhyiam ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ bagua no nhyiam no akyi no. Efi saa bere no, asafo a wɔhwɛ aman ntam nkitahodi so no abɛyɛ dapɛn a wɔtwe nnipa a wɔwɔ ahode ne tumi fi wiase nyinaa ba New York City ma wɔde wɔn ani si nneɛma pii so, fi mmoa a wɔde ma nnipa ne nneɛma a atwa wɔn ho ahyia so kosi nnwuma ne amanyɔsɛm so<ref>{{Citation |last=David Gelles |title=It’s the U.N.’s Week, but Executives Make It a High-Minded Mingle |date=2017-09-21 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/21/business/ceos-un-week.html |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] j3uwdduep3ygds6lccdt1k205y9q9ro 0 17393 190821 2025-06-23T08:38:21Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 Created page with "''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' Benin Bronzes no a wɔasan de aba, a ɛyɛ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano a wɔagye no, yɛ nsakrae kɛse wɔ wiase afanan nyinaa a wɔde siesie abakɔsɛm mu ntɛnkyea a efi nniso ase no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 13 no mu pɛɛ na Edofo a wɔwɔ Benin Ahenni (a ɛnnɛ wɔfrɛ no Nigeria) no yɛɛ ahoni, nkaedum, ne nneɛma a wɔde di afahyɛ ahorow yi. Wɔfow no bere a na Britain asraafo de wɔn rebɛtwe wɔn aso wɔ 1897 mu no, na..." 190821 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' Benin Bronzes no a wɔasan de aba, a ɛyɛ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano a wɔagye no, yɛ nsakrae kɛse wɔ wiase afanan nyinaa a wɔde siesie abakɔsɛm mu ntɛnkyea a efi nniso ase no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 13 no mu pɛɛ na Edofo a wɔwɔ Benin Ahenni (a ɛnnɛ wɔfrɛ no Nigeria) no yɛɛ ahoni, nkaedum, ne nneɛma a wɔde di afahyɛ ahorow yi. Wɔfow no bere a na Britain asraafo de wɔn rebɛtwe wɔn aso wɔ 1897 mu no, na wɔkataa Europa ne Amerika tete nneɛma akorae ne ankorankoro nneɛma so. Wɔn a wɔsan baa Nigeria no kyerɛ sɛ wɔreyɛ nhyehyɛe kɛse bi a ɛbɛma wɔayi nnwumakuw a ɛwɔ tete nneɛma akorae hɔ no afi hɔ na wɔde amammerɛ mu agyapade no asan akɔma wɔn a wɔfata no. == Abakɔsɛm == Benin Ahenni no yɛ Afrika aman a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na wɔrema no amammerɛ no mu biako, na na wɔde kɔbere ayɛ adwuma wɔ Benin ahemfie no mu. Wɔ afe 1897 mu no, Britain asraafo hyɛɛ Benin Kurow so de yɛɛ ho biribi, na wɔfow amammerɛ mu nneɛma mpempem pii, a Benin Bronzes a agye din nnɛ no ka ho (Coombes, 2003). Akyiri yi, wɔtɔn saa nneɛma yi maa tete nneɛma akorae ne wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano wɔ Europa ne Amerika Atifi fam, na wɔde asie hɔ bɛboro mfe ɔha ni. Nea Enti a Wɔsan De Wɔn Kɔɔ Wɔn Asase So Wɔ mfe aduonum a abɛsen kɔ no mu no, wɔabɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan de Benin Bronzes no ama ɔman no, esiane sɛ nhomanimfo, wɔn a wɔpere wɔn ho, ne aban ahorow kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔkora saa nneɛma yi so wɔ aman foforo so a, ɛma wɔn a wɔtete hɔ no nya wɔn amammerɛ no so mfaso, na ɛmma Nigerifo nnya wɔn amammerɛ ho abakɔsɛm. Nigeria aban, ne Benin ahemfie no, na wɔadi anim wɔ mmɔdenbɔ yi mu, na wɔasi honhom fam ne amammerɛ mu mfaso a ɛwɔ kɔbere no so dua. Wɔn a wɔtaa ma nkurɔfo san kɔ wɔn man mu no si abrabɔ fam asɛyɛde a ɛda Atɔe fam ahyehyɛde ahorow so sɛ wɔbɛteɛ abakɔsɛm mu mfomso ahorow a ɛfa nnommumfa ho no so dua. Ɛnyɛ amammerɛ ne abrabɔ mu ahwehwɛde ahorow nko na ɛma wɔsɔre gyina mu, na mmom amanaman ntam mmara mu nhyehyɛe te sɛ 1970 UNESCO Apam a Ɛfa Sɛnea Wɔbɛbara ne Sɛnea Wɔbɛsiw Amammerɛ Ho Nneɛma a Ɛhyɛ Mmara Ase a Wɔde Kɔ Amanaman Mu, Nea Wɔde Kɔ Amanaman Mu, ne Nea Wɔde Fa Wɔn Ho (UNESCO, 1970) no nso. Nsakrae a Aba Nnansa Yi Mfe kakra a atwam ni no, wɔayɛ nsiesiei kɛse bi a wɔde reboa nkurɔfo ma wɔasan akɔ wɔn kurom. Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, Germany penee so sɛ wɔbɛsan de nnwinne bɛboro 1,100 afi n'ahemfie hɔ, a nea ɛwɔ Ethnological Museum of Berlin ka ho (German Federal Foreign Office, 2021). Saa ara nso na, wɔ saa afe no ara mu no, Aberdeen Sukuupɔn ne Jesus College, Cambridge san de Benin Bronzes no fii wɔn nnwinnade no mu, de kyerɛe sɛ wɔagye ɔkwan a wɔfaa so nyaa wɔn no atom sɛ ɛnyɛ papa (University of Aberdeen, 2021; Jesus College, 2021). Wɔ afe 2022 mu no, Smithsonian Institution a ɛwɔ United States san de Benin Bronze 29 kɔmaa Nigeria, de kaa nsakrae a aba wɔ ahyehyɛde no amammerɛ mu a ɛfa ɔsan ho (Smithsonian Institution, 2022). Saa nneyɛe yi de nhwɛsoɔ asi hɔ ama nnwumakuo afoforɔ, a British Museum ka ho, a ɛkura Benin nneɛma a wɔakora so a ɛsõ sen biara no mu baako, nanso ɛnyɛɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wɔbɛsan de wɔn akɔ wɔn man mu koraa esiane mmara kwan a ɛwɔ British Museum Act of 1963 (Sarr & Savoy, 2018) no nti. Nsɛnnennen ne Hokwan Ahorow Ɛmfa ho nkɔso a wɔanya no, ɔhaw pii da so wɔ hɔ. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa kyerɛ sɛ mmara mu nsɛnnennen, titiriw wɔ UK, ne adwinnwen a ɛfa sɛnea Nigeria nnwuma betumi ayɛ nneɛma a wɔasan de aba no ho. Nanso, Nigeria ayɛ mmɔdenbɔ kɛse de adi saa nsɛm yi ho dwuma, a emu bi ne nhyehyɛe a wɔde rebɛsi Edo Museum of West African Art (EMOWAA) wɔ Benin City, a ɛbɛhwɛ tete nneɛma a wɔsan de aba no so na ayɛ sɛ adesua ne amammerɛ mu nsesabea (Adjaye Associates, 2020). Benin Bronzes a wɔde bɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu no nyɛ honam fam nneɛma a wɔde bɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu kɛkɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ amammerɛ mu anuonyam a wɔde bɛsan aba, abakɔsɛm mu yaw a wɔapira, ne anansesɛm a wɔsan kyerɛ wɔ tete nneɛma akorae mu. Ɛkyerɛ nsakrae kɛse a aba wiase nyinaa tete nneɛma akorae ne agyapade ho nhyehyɛe mu. Mmuae Benin Bronzes a wɔresan de aba Nigeria no yɛ ade titiriw wɔ mmɔden a wɔrebɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan ama wɔn amammerɛ no mu. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnipa pii ahu ntɛnkyea a akɔ so wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, na wiase ahyehyɛde ahorow bi asi wɔn bo sɛ wɔne aman a kan na wɔyɛ wɔn nkoa no bɛkasa yiye. Bere a ɔhaw ahorow no da so wɔ hɔ no, mmɔden a wɔrebɔ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wiase agyapade ho nhyehyɛe a ɛkari pɛ na obu wom no da so ara reyɛ adwuma. == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] kcfqztmsnf3wxqoqbdb5g8d4hs2i2zn 190822 190821 2025-06-23T08:49:15Z Christian Owusu Ansah 16034 190822 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei wɔ '''Asante Twi''' mu'' '''Benin Bronzes no a wɔasan de aba''', a ɛyɛ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano a wɔagye no, yɛ nsakraeɛ kɛseɛ wɔ wiase afanan nyinaa a wɔde siesie abakɔsɛm mu ntɛnkyea a efi nnisoɔ ase no. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 13 no mu pɛɛ na Edofo a wɔwɔ Benin Ahenni (a ɛnnɛ wɔfrɛ no Nigeria) no yɛɛ ahoni, nkaedum, ne nneɛma a wɔde di afahyɛ ahorow yi. Wɔfow no bere a na Britain asraafo de wɔn rebɛtwe wɔn aso wɔ 1897 mu no, na wɔkataa Europa ne Amerika tete nneɛma akorae ne ankorankoro nneɛma so. Wɔn a wɔsan baa Nigeria no kyerɛ sɛ wɔreyɛ nhyehyɛe kɛse bi a ɛbɛma wɔayi nnwumakuw a ɛwɔ tete nneɛma akorae hɔ no afi hɔ na wɔde amammerɛ mu agyapade no asan akɔma wɔn a wɔfata no. == Abakɔsɛm == Benin Ahenni no yɛ Afrika aman a na ɛwɔ hɔ ansa na wɔrema no amammerɛ no mu biako, na na wɔde kɔbere ayɛ adwuma wɔ Benin ahemfie no mu. Wɔ afe 1897 mu no, Britain asraafo hyɛɛ Benin Kurow so de yɛɛ ho biribi, na wɔfow amammerɛ mu nneɛma mpempem pii, a Benin Bronzes a agye din nnɛ no ka ho<ref>{{Citation |last=Annie E. Coombes |title=History after Apartheid |date=2003 |url=https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822384922 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-3060-8 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Akyiri yi, wɔtɔn saa nneɛma yi maa tete nneɛma akorae ne wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano wɔ Europa ne Amerika Atifi fam, na wɔde asie hɔ bɛboro mfe ɔha ni. == Nea Enti a Wɔsan De Wɔn Kɔɔ Wɔn Asase So == Wɔ mfe aduonum a abɛsen kɔ no mu no, wɔabɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛsan de Benin Bronzes no ama ɔman no, esiane sɛ nhomanimfo, wɔn a wɔpere wɔn ho, ne aban ahorow kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔkora saa nneɛma yi so wɔ aman foforo so a, ɛma wɔn a wɔtete hɔ no nya wɔn amammerɛ no so mfaso, na ɛmma Nigerifo nnya wɔn amammerɛ ho abakɔsɛm. Nigeria aban, ne Benin ahemfie no, na wɔadi anim wɔ mmɔdenbɔ yi mu, na wɔasi honhom fam ne amammerɛ mu mfaso a ɛwɔ kɔbere no so dua. Wɔn a wɔtaa ma nkurɔfo san kɔ wɔn man mu no si abrabɔ fam asɛyɛde a ɛda Atɔe fam ahyehyɛde ahorow so sɛ wɔbɛteɛ abakɔsɛm mu mfomso ahorow a ɛfa nnommumfa ho no so dua. Ɛnyɛ amammerɛ ne abrabɔ mu ahwehwɛde ahorow nko na ɛma wɔsɔre gyina mu, na mmom amanaman ntam mmara mu nhyehyɛe te sɛ 1970 UNESCO Apam a Ɛfa Sɛnea Wɔbɛbara ne Sɛnea Wɔbɛsiw Amammerɛ Ho Nneɛma a Ɛhyɛ Mmara Ase a Wɔde Kɔ Amanaman Mu, Nea Wɔde Kɔ Amanaman Mu, ne Nea Wɔde Fa Wɔn Ho<ref>{{Citation |title=Convention on the means of prohibiting and preventing the illicit import, export and transfer of ownership of cultural property |date=2005-07-25 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203974391-17 |work=Collections Management |pages=99–106 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-97439-1 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> no nso. == Nsakrae a Aba Nnansa Yi == Mfe kakra a atwam ni no, wɔayɛ nsiesiei kɛse bi a wɔde reboa nkurɔfo ma wɔasan akɔ wɔn kurom. Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, Germany penee so sɛ wɔbɛsan de nnwinne bɛboro 1,100 afi n'ahemfie hɔ, a nea ɛwɔ Ethnological Museum of Berlin ka ho<ref>{{Citation |last=H. Glenn Penny |title=Benin Bronzes |date=2021-06-15 |url=https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691211145.003.0004 |work=In Humboldt's Shadow |pages=80–107 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-21114-5 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Saa ara nso na, wɔ saa afe no ara mu no, Aberdeen Sukuupɔn ne Jesus College, Cambridge san de Benin Bronzes no fii wɔn nnwinnadeɛ no mu, de kyerɛe sɛ wɔagye ɔkwan a wɔfaa so nyaa wɔn no atom sɛ ɛnyɛ papa<ref>{{Citation |title=Ritchie, Prof. William, (born 22 March 1940), Director, Aberdeen Institute of Coastal Science and Management, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, 2002–11 |date=2007-12-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.32632 |work=Who's Who |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Zero tolerance of racist abuse {{!}} News {{!}} The University of Aberdeen |url=https://www.abdn.ac.uk/news/14782/ |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Wɔ afe 2022 mu no, Smithsonian Institution a ɛwɔ United States san de Benin Bronze 29 kɔmaa Nigeria, de kaa nsakrae a aba wɔ ahyehyɛde no amammerɛ mu a ɛfa ɔsan ho<ref>{{Citation |title=Afterword: |date=2020-11-05 |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18msmcr.24 |work=The Brutish Museums |pages=235–242 |publisher=Pluto Books |isbn=978-1-78680-683-3 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Saa nneyɛeɛ yi de nhwɛsoɔ asi hɔ ama nnwumakuo afoforɔ, a British Museum ka ho, a ɛkura Benin nneɛma a wɔakora so a ɛsõ sen biara no mu baako, nanso ɛnyɛɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wɔbɛsan de wɔn akɔ wɔn man mu koraa esiane mmara kwan a ɛwɔ British Museum Act of 1963<ref>{{Citation |last=Jonathan Paquette |title=France and the restitution of cultural goods: the Sarr-Savoy report and its reception |date=2020-08-07 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2020.1819773 |work=Cultural Trends |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=302–316 |doi=10.1080/09548963.2020.1819773 |issn=0954-8963 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> no nti. == Nsɛnnennen ne Hokwan Ahorow == Ɛmfa ho nkɔso a wɔanya no, ɔhaw pii da so wɔ hɔ. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtaa kyerɛ sɛ mmara mu nsɛnnennen, titiriw wɔ UK, ne adwinnwen a ɛfa sɛnea Nigeria nnwuma betumi ayɛ nneɛma a wɔasan de aba no ho. Nanso, Nigeria ayɛ mmɔdenbɔ kɛse de adi saa nsɛm yi ho dwuma, a emu bi ne nhyehyɛe a wɔde rebɛsi Edo Museum of West African Art (EMOWAA) wɔ Benin City, a ɛbɛhwɛ tete nneɛma a wɔsan de aba no so na ayɛ sɛ adesua ne amammerɛ mu nsesabea<ref>{{Citation |title=Museum of West African Art (MOWAA) |url=https://www.adjaye.com/work/edo-museum-of-west-african-art/ |language=en |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bennetta Jules-Rosette, J.R. Osborn |title=Introduction |date=2020-06-01 |url=https://doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043277.003.0001 |work=African Art Reframed |pages=1–30 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-04327-7 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref>. Benin Bronzes a wɔde bɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu no nyɛ honam fam nneɛma a wɔde bɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu kɛkɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ amammerɛ mu anuonyam a wɔde bɛsan aba, abakɔsɛm mu yaw a wɔapira, ne anansesɛm a wɔsan kyerɛ wɔ tete nneɛma akorae mu. Ɛkyerɛ nsakrae kɛse a aba wiase nyinaa tete nneɛma akorae ne agyapadeɛ ho nhyehyɛeɛ mu. Mmuae Benin Bronzes a wɔresan de aba Nigeria no yɛ ade titiriw wɔ mmɔden a wɔrebɔ sɛ wɔbɛsan ama wɔn amammerɛ no mu. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnipa pii ahu ntɛnkyea a akɔ so wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, na wiase ahyehyɛde ahorow bi asi wɔn bo sɛ wɔne aman a kan na wɔyɛ wɔn nkoa no bɛkasa yiye. Bere a ɔhaw ahorow no da so wɔ hɔ no, mmɔden a wɔrebɔ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ wiase agyapade ho nhyehyɛe a ɛkari pɛ na obu wom no da so ara reyɛ adwuma. == Mmeaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ == [[Nkyekyεmu:Africa Wiki Challenge]] [[Nkyekyεmu:2025]] arouhz612qq8me9xuvqhxkn2nfjwljp